{"data": {"id": 125104, "accession_number": "1946.83", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Frieze of Dancers, c. 1895. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Oil on fabric; framed: 103 x 233.5 x 7 cm (40 9/16 x 91 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 70 x 200.5 cm (27 9/16 x 78 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1946.83", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Frieze of Dancers", "creation_date": "c. 1895", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 103 x 233.5 x 7 cm (40 9/16 x 91 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 70 x 200.5 cm (27 9/16 x 78 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.03, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 2.335, "width_inch": 91, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.7, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 2.005, "width_inch": 78, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in lower right: Degas\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355543, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Art is Long", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Art is Long</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 14-June 7, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360867, "title": "Masterpieces Recalled: Benefit for League for Emotionally Disturbed Children", "description": "<i>Masterpieces Recalled: Benefit for League for Emotionally Disturbed Children</i>. Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (February 6-March 2, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518812, "title": "\"Masterpieces\" Memorial Exhibition of Adele R. Levy", "description": "<i>\"Masterpieces\" Memorial Exhibition of Adele R. Levy</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (April 6-May 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 398992, "title": "Degas: Beyond Impressionism", "description": "<i>Degas: Beyond Impressionism</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago (September 28, 1996-January 12, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 224558, "title": "Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement", "description": "<i>Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 15-May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 174875, "title": "Edgar Degas: A Strange New Beauty", "description": "<i>Edgar Degas: A Strange New Beauty</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 22-July 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Degas</em>. Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Honderd Jaar Fransche Kunst.</em> Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (October 1941-October 1942).", "opening_date": "1941-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Works by Edgar Degas</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 5 to March 9, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, acquired from the artist and sold to Paul Cassier the same day)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "September 19,1904", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Paul Cassirer, Berlin Germany, sold to Max Liebermann)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 21, 1904", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Max Liebermann [1847-1935], Berlin, Germany, deposited to the Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904-May 9, 1933", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1933-1935", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Kathe Riezler, Max Leibermann's daughter, [1885-1952] Berlin, Germany and New York, NY, by inheritance (on loan to the Art Institute of Chicago, October 1941-October 1942).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1946", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1946", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ballet is a subject Degas returned to again and again over the course of his career. Rather than public performances, he often depicted dancers behind the curtain, practicing, waiting, or, as in this painting, lacing up their shoes.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "This painting may depict a single dancer seen from four different viewpoints. The young woman is placed in an undefined setting, surrounded by mere wisps of color, applied so spontaneously that the paint ran and dripped. Degas even added the circles in the foreground with his thumb. Such audacity, while acceptable in a small sketch, must have shocked the artist's contemporaries when presented on a six-foot canvas. Equally radical is the idea of combining multiple views of a single figure. Degas's unusual presentation may have been inspired by the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904)", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515361"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.83-frieze-of-dancers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Meier-Graefe, Julius. <em>Degas: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der modernen Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: R. Piper, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frances, Henry S. \"Degas' Frieze of Dancers entitled Danseuses ajustant leurs chaussons.\" <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIII</em>, no. 6 (June, 1946) 87-94.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Report for the Year 1946.\" <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIVI</em>, no. 6 (June, 1947) 127-139.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Browse, Lillian. <em>Degas Dancers</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 115, p. 376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York, NY: Scribner, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41-42; Reproduced: fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Owned Paintings Will Go to France,\u201d April 20, 1955, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4556"}, {"citation": "Cabanne, Pierre. <em>Edgar Degas</em>. Paris: Editions Pierre Tisne\u0301, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 506", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n93"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n197"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Russoli, Franco and Fiorella Minervino. <em>L'opera completa di Degas</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 1093, Mentioned: p. 1893-1898", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hu\u0308ttinger, Eduard. <em>Degas</em>. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n234"}, {"citation": "Ikegami, Chu\u0304ji Ikegami. <em>Doga</em>. Tokyo: K\u014ddansha, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 49; Mentioned: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roberts, Keith and Helen Langdon. <em>Degas</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vaizey, Marina. <em>The Artist As Photographer</em>. London: Sidgwick &amp; Jackson, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M. <em>Degas, the Dancers</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105-106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larson, Dean M. <em>Studying with the Masters: Lessons from Rubens, Vela\u0301zquez, Turner, Degas, Monet, Sargent, Matisse</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>Edgar Degas, Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 183; Reproduced: p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kendall, Richard. <em>Degas by Himself: Drawings, Prints, Paintings, Writings</em>. London: Macdonald Orbis, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266-267", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>The Private Degas</em>. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1987", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 99, no. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Loyrette, Henri. <em>Degas</em>. Paris: Fayard, 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eberle, Matthias. <em>Max Liebermann, 1847-1935: Werkverzeichnis der Gema\u0308lde und O\u0308lstudien.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 542", "url": null}, {"citation": "Natter, Tobias G.and Julius H. Schoeps. <em>Max Liebermann und die franzo\u0308sischen Impressionisten</em>. Du\u0308sseldorf: DuMont, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, 203-294; Mentioned, p. 224, 239, 240, 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bilski, Emily D. <em>Berlin Metropolis: Jews and the New Culture, 1890-1918</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 21, p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louise d'Argencourt, Roger Diederen, Alisa Luxenberg, Patrick Noon, William H. Robinson, Ann Tzeutschler Lurie. <em>European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art 1999.", "page_number": "I:218-221.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, Susan Goldman. <em>Degas and the Dance: The Painter and the Petits Rats, Perfecting Their Art</em>. New York, NY: Harry Abrams, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret, \"The Colorful Mr. Hanna\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 09, November 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-09/page/4"}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Naomi. <em>A World History of Photography</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255, fig. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Echte, Bernhard, and Petra Cordioli. <em>Kunstsalon Bruno &amp; Paul Cassirer: die Ausstellungen 1898-1901</em>. Wa\u0308denswil, Switzerland: Nimbus, Kunst und Bu\u0308cher, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol 5, p. 564-565", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kostenevich, A. G. <em>Impressionism: Sensation &amp; Inspiration: Highlights from the Hermitage</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Museumshop Hermitage Amsterdam, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278-279", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Art of the Actual: Naturalism and Style in Early Third Republic France, 1880-1900</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243-245, fig. 178", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Faass, Martin, and Annegret Janda. <em>Verlorene Scha\u0308tze: die Kunstsammlung von Max Liebermann</em>. Berlin: Liebermann-Villa am Wannsee: Nicolai, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23; Reproduced: p. 131, fig. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 293", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeVonyar, Jill. \"Frieze of Dancers.\" In <em>Degas: A Strange New Beauty. </em>Jodi Hauptman, 202-226. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202-203, fig. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bonafoux, Pascal. <em>Les 100 tableaux qui racontent Degas</em>. Vanves: Ch\u00eane, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barbe-Gall, Franc\u0327oise, and Edgar Degas. Pourquoi Degas est Degas. Paris: E\u0301ditions Le Deuxie\u0300me Horizon, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 84-85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>CAN Journal </em>(Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Degas, Edgar, Adriano Pedrosa, Fernando Oliva, and Sofia Borges. Degas: Dance, Politics and Society. 2021, 196-197.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 196-197, fig. 136.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kisiel, Marine. <em>La Peinture Impressionniste et la De\u0301coration</em>. Paris: Le Passage, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 228; Reproduced: P. 230-231, ill. 214", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cReconsidering Degas: Common themes in depicting women's labor.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>63, no. 4 (2023): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-04/page/8/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.83", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.83/1946.83_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "314", "filesize": "96599", "filename": "1946.83_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.83/1946.83_print.jpg", "width": 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"gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 125104, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1895", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:27:50.721000"}}