{"data": {"id": 140492, "accession_number": "1964.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425), c. 1404. Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates (French). Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; codex: 20.3 x 15.7 x 7 cm (8 x 6 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1964.40", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)", "creation_date": "c. 1404", "creation_date_earliest": 1399, "creation_date_latest": 1409, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Bound Volume", "measurements": "Codex: 20.3 x 15.7 x 7 cm (8 x 6 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"codex": {"height": 0.203, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.157, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304660, "title": "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination", "description": "<i>Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17-April 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "<i>Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 217179, "title": "Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI", "description": "<i>Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 22-July 19, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196935, "title": "The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2010-April 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309634, "title": "Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders", "description": "<i>Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-October 6, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Manuscripts et Livres Pr\u00e9cieux Retrouv\u00e9s en Allemagne, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, Paris, (1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (1845-1934), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Maurice Edmond Karl de Rothschild (1881-1947), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild (1926-1997), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "King Charles the Noble likely used this book of hours at his royal castle of Olite in Navarra in northern Spain.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "Creating a book of hours was an arduous and costly process. These books were made from vellum, animal skins that were laboriously prepared in a multistep process. The texts were written with a quill pen and the illustrations were hand painted using water-based pigments. Gold was added for a look of great luxury. Such a book would take years to create, making these valuable objects unique.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763692"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.40-hours-of-charles-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Meiss, Millard. \u201cThe Exhibition of French Manuscripts of the XIII-XVI Centauries at the Bibliotheque Nationale.\u201d <em>Art Bulletin</em> XXXVIII (September 1956)", "page_number": "pp. 194-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Porcher, Jean. French miniatures from illuminated manuscripts. London: Collins, 1960.", "page_number": "pp. 58-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962. 1962.", "page_number": "pp. 67-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard. \u201cFrench and Italian Variations on an Early Fifteenth-Century Theme: St. Jerome and his Study.\u201d <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts </em>LXII (September 1963)", "page_number": "pp. 159 & 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1964,\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXVII (1964)", "page_number": "p. 204 & 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination. A Catalogue to the Exhibition: March 17-May 17, 1964.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 3 (1964).", "page_number": "pp. 53-55", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151989"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"The Hours of Charles the Noble\" <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52 (March 1965)", "page_number": "pp. 50-91", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152039"}, {"citation": "Burt Wasserman, \"News and Notes\" <em>Art Education</em> 18, no. 1 (January 1965)", "page_number": "pp. 37-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winternitz, Emanuel. \"The Hours of Charles the Noble: Musicians and Musical Instruments.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 3 (1965).", "page_number": "pp. 84-91", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152040"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Bodleian Library, Otto Pa\u0308cht, and J. J. G. Alexander. Illuminated Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon P., 1966.", "page_number": "p. 50, pl XLIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"The Hours of Charles the Noble.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> (July 1966)", "page_number": "p. 370 & 373", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castelnuovo, Enrico. Il gotico internazionale in Francia e nei Paesi Bassi. Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "pl. IV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. Treasures from Medieval France. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 264-265; cat.no. VI-25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n291"}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Late Fourteenth Century and the Patronage of the Duke. 1967.", "page_number": "pp. 36, 146-147", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. \"The Brussels Hours Reevaluated.\" <em>Scriptorium</em> XXIV (1970)", "page_number": "p. 20, Pl. 6A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hutchinson, G. Evelyn. Aposematic Insects and the Master of the Brussels Initials. [New Haven, Ct.]: [Sigma Xi], 1974.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hutchinson, Evelyn G. \"Aposmatic Insects and the Master of the Brussels Initials\" <em>American Scientist </em>62 (1974)", "page_number": "pp. 161-172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard, Sharon Off Dunlap Smith, and Elizabeth H. Beatson. French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Limbourgs and Their Contemporaries. New York: George Braziller, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 375, 377, 384f, 447, no. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68, 71", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Thomas, Marcel, Ursule Molinaro, Bruce Benderson, and Marcel Thomas. The golden age: manuscript painting at the time of Jean, Duke of Berry. 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 50-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. \u201cAn Italian in Paris: The Master of the Brussels Initials and his Participation in the French Book Industry.\u201d <em>Gesta</em> 20 (1981)", "page_number": "pp. 225-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick. \"Art, Devotion and Satire.\" <em>The Gamut</em> 2 (Winter 1981)", "page_number": "pp. 42-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kar\u0142owska-Kamzowa, Alicja. Les relations artistiques entre la Pologne, la France, la Flandre et la Basse Rhenanie du XIIIe au XVe sie\u0300cle. Poznan\u0301: UAM, 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 29-30 fig. 7c", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 279 repr. p. 415", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"Bolognese Miniatures at the Cleveland Museum,\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LXX (June 1983)", "page_number": "pp. 338-40, repr. p. 339-344", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159829"}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. Programs of Medieval Illumination. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1984.", "page_number": "pp. 116 & 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. La bibliothe\u0300que de Philippe le Hardi, duc de Bourgogne, (1364-1404): e\u0301tude sur les manuscrits a\u0300 peintures d'une collection princie\u0300re a\u0300 l'e\u0301poque du \"Style gothique international\". Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1985.", "page_number": "pp. 100, 108, fig. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marti\u0301nez de Aguirre, Javier. Arte y monarqui\u0301a en Navarra, 1328-1425. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Educacio\u0301n y Cultura, Institucio\u0301n Pri\u0301ncipe de Viana, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 313, 340, 341, 379", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Amico, Rosalba, Renzo Grandi, and Jacques Le Goff. Il Tramonto del Medioevo a Bologna: il cantiere di San Petronio. Bologna: Nuova Alfa, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of Glasgow, and Nigel Thorp. The Glory of the Page: Medieval &amp; Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts from Glasgow University Library. London: Published for Glasgow University Library and the Art Gallery of Ontario by Miller, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibbs, Robert. \"The Brussels Initial Master: From Proto-Renaissance to Northern Renaissance and Back\" <em>Apollo</em> (November 1991)", "page_number": "pp. 317-321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smeyers, Maurits, and Bert Cardon. Flanders in a European perspective: manuscript illumination around 1400 in Flanders and abroad : proceedings of the International Colloquium, Leuven, 7-10 September 1993. Leuven: Peeters, 1995.", "page_number": "pp. 30, 32, 35, 78-81, & 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duffin, Ross W. \"Backward Bells and Barrel Bells, Some Notes on the Early History of Loud Instruments\" <em>Historic Brass Society Journal</em> 9 (1997)", "page_number": "pp. 113-129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baldissin Molli, Giovanna, Giordana Mariani Canova, and Federica Toniolo. La miniatura a Padova: dal Medioevo al Settecento. [Modena]: Franco Cosimo Panini, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 471-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marinelli, Sergio, Angelo Mazza, and Diego Arich de Finetti. La pittura emiliana nel Veneto. [Verona]: Banca popolare di Verona--Banco S. Geminiano e S. Prospero, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 24-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Boucicaut. L'a\u0302ge d'or du manuscrit a\u0300 peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et les Heures du Mare\u0301chal Boucicaut. Paris: Institut de France, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 43, 96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Boucicaut. L'a\u0302ge d'or du manuscrit a\u0300 peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et les Heures du Mare\u0301chal Boucicaut. Paris: Institut de France, 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Natale, Mauro. El Renacimiento mediterra\u0301neo: viajes de artistas e itinerarios de obras entre Italia, Francia y Espan\u0303a en el siglo XV : Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, del 31 de enero al 6 de mayo de 2001, Valencia Museu de Belles Arts de Vale\u0300ncia, del 18 de mayo al 2 de septiembre de 2001. Madrid: Fundacio\u0301n Coleccio\u0301n Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 90, 190, 285-287, 620-623", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bango Torviso, Isidro Gonzalo. Maravillas de la Espan\u0303a medieval: tesoro sagrado y monarqui\u0301a. Leo\u0301n: Junta de Castilla y Leo\u0301n. Caja Espan\u0303a, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maginnis, Hayden B. J., and Gabriele Erasmi. The World of the Early Sienese Painter. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "fig. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bango Torviso, Isidro Gonzalo. Maravillas de la Espan\u0303a medieval: tesoro sagrado y monarqui\u0301a. Leo\u0301n: Junta de Castilla y Leo\u0301n. Caja Espan\u0303a, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre. Paris, 1400: les arts sous Charles VI. [Paris]: Fayard, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Hamel, Christopher. Les Rothschild, collectionneurs de manuscrits. Paris: Bibliothe\u0300que nationale de France, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 4a, 12, 19b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 212, 216-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "France, James. Medieval Images of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Kalamazoo, Mich: Cistercian Publications, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages.</em> Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74, fig. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hindman, Sandra, and James H. Marrow. Books of hours reconsidered. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 50, footnote 12, p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alexander, J. J. G. <em>The Painted Book in Renaissance Italy: 1450-1600.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 286, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Hamel, Christopher. <em>Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts </em>London: Allen Lane with an imprint of Penguin Books. 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 422", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"A Royal Book of Hours: The Hours of King Charles the Noble.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 4 (July/August 2017): 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 18; Mentioned: P. 18-19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-04/page/n9/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "669", "filesize": "251552", "filename": "1964.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2528", "filesize": "1952405", "filename": "1964.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_full.tif", "width": "11773", "height": "8754", "filesize": "309208404", "filename": "1964.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "900", "filesize": "358526"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2680", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3279467"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9093", "height": "11538", "filesize": "314772692"}, "date_created": "2019-06-18T21:18:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "331915"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2491", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4479835"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8058", "height": "10997", "filesize": "265868088"}, "date_created": "2019-06-14T21:12:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "291910"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2466", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3622281"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7443", "height": "10263", "filesize": "229189532"}, "date_created": "2019-05-16T17:25:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "962", "height": "893", "filesize": "581530"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3157", "filesize": "1762190"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4642", "filesize": "69650020"}, "date_created": "2005-01-20T16:23:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140492, "creators": [{"id": 7765, "description": "Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1409", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-02-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1399, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1404", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-08-20 20:45:21.345000"}}