{"data": {"id": 148739, "accession_number": "1976.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Landscape with Large Trees, c. 1870. Gustave Courbet (French, 1819\u20131877). Black chalk with stumping on brown wove paper; sheet: 38.1 x 52.4 cm (15 x 20 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1976.18", "current_location": null, "title": "Landscape with Large Trees", "creation_date": "c. 1870", "creation_date_earliest": 1865, "creation_date_latest": 1870, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "black chalk with stumping on brown wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "brown wove paper (discolored)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 38.1 x 52.4 cm (15 x 20 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.381, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.524, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in black crayon: Gustave Courbet.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443378, "title": "Courbet und Deutschland", "description": "<i>Courbet und Deutschland</i>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Germany (organizer) (October 19-December 17, 1978); St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (January 17-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220628, "title": "Corot, Courbet und die Maler von Barbizon: \u201cLes Amis de la nature.\u201d", "description": "<i>Corot, Courbet und die Maler von Barbizon: \u201cLes Amis de la nature.\u201d</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich (organizer) (February 4-April 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Machwitz Collection, Vitry-le-Fran\u00e7ois, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Peter Nathan, Zurich), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1976", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The slightly blurred appearance of this drawing recalls a similar effect common in early landscape photography.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "The relatively few drawings that Gustave Courbet produced include the group of landscapes to which this example belongs. Rather than referencing a specific place, it combines a wide range of source material\u2014tourist destinations the artist visited in Switzerland, his home in the Franche-Comt\u00e9 region, and paintings by Claude Lorrain and other historical landscapists. Courbet began by applying a hazy middletone in charcoal before adding detail with a darker, sharpened stick. Although surely appealing to collectors of the time, such works also had ideological significance, presenting an untouched terrain that suggested independence and freedom.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79929183"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.18-landscape-with-large"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1976.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 2 (1977): 39-78.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52, no. 52", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152676"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n231"}, {"citation": "Fernier, Robert. <em>La Vie et l\u2019\u0153uvre de Gustave Courbet: Catalogue raisonne\u0301</em>. Lausanne: Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 2: p. 302-3, no. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofmann, Werner, and Klaus Herding. <em>Courbet und Deutschland</em>. Exh. cat. Hamburg: Kunsthalle, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 357, no. 326", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heilmann, Christoph H., Michael Clarke, and John Sillevis. <em>Corot, Courbet und die Maler von Barbizon: \u201cLes Amis de la nature.\u201d </em>Exh. cat. Munich: Haus der Kunst, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 389, no. c16; Reproduced: p. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gu\u0308del, Niklaus Manuel, Anne-Sophie Poirot, and Philippe Clerc. <em>Gustave Courbet: Les Dessins</em>. Paris: Les Cahiers dessin\u00e9s, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 175, 361, no. 54; Reproduced: pp. 37 (as no. 49), 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 116-117, no. 17", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Fernier 48; G\u00fcdel 54", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.18/1976.18_web.jpg", "width": "1235", "height": "893", "filesize": "236693", "filename": "1976.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.18/1976.18_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2458", "filesize": "2135588", "filename": "1976.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.18/1976.18_full.tif", "width": "7815", "height": "5651", "filesize": "132510924", "filename": "1976.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.18/1976.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1240", "height": "893", "filesize": "999022"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.18/1976.18_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1475", "filesize": "2776133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.18/1976.18_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1475", "filesize": "9065532"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148739, "creators": [{"id": 1600, "description": "Gustave Courbet (French, 1819\u20131877)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a wealthy farmer's family, Courbet began his training in 1831 at the Petit S\u00e9minaire in Ornans where, beginning in 1833, he studied under \"le p\u00e8re Baud,\" who had been a pupil of Gros (q.v.). He was befriended by poet Max Buchon, who would later write the first article on Courbet, claiming that he was the artist for the people. In 1837, hoping that Gustave would become a lawyer, his father sent him to the Coll\u00e8ge Royal in Besan\u00e7on. Despite his father's ambitions, Courbet began to study art at the academy there with Charles-Antoine Flageoulot (1774-1840), a former student of David (q.v.). By 1839 Courbet had moved to Paris to pursue a career in art. He refrained from entering the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, studying instead briefly with Charles de Steuben (1788-1856) and preferring to learn how to paint by copying the works of the Old Masters in the museums. Courbet also wanted to work after life models and enrolled at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. He began to submit paintings to the Salon, the majority of which were rejected. In 1846-47 Courbet traveled to the Netherlands where he studied the works of Rembrandt and Hals. The following year ten of his paintings were shown at the Salon, and together with his friends Baudelaire, Champfleury, and Buchon he became labeled a \"realist.\" Courbet's paintings shown at the 1851 Salon-Stonebreakers (1849, formerly Dresden Gem\u00e4ldegalerie, destroyed during World War II), Peasants of Flagey (1850-55, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Besan\u00e7on), and The Burial at Ornans (1849-50, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris)-elicited criticism. Because Courbet represented the peasants as he saw them, without ennobling or idealizing them, his works met with disapproval. Moreover, these representations of peasants appeared at a time when the upper classes felt threatened by social unrest and by the instability of the republic. In 1855 Courbet financed an independent Pavillon du R\u00e9alisme near the Universal Exposition, where he showed his Painter's Studio (1854-55, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). He began to travel extensively, including visits to Gent, Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges, Cologne, Mainz, and Strasbourg. He returned to Germany in 1858, and while in Frankfurt, he began to paint the stag hunts he witnessed. The following year he visited the Normandy coast, painting seascapes, some of which became almost abstractions. Courbet turned to still lifes in 1862-63 when visiting the Saintonge area, yet he still continued to create landscapes and portraits. By 1870 he was offered the Legion of Honor but refused it because of his opposition to the imperial government. During the Paris Commune from March to May 1871, Courbet became an active member of the government. As chairman of the Commission for the Protection of the Artistic Monuments of Paris, he suggested the Vend\u00f4me Column be dismantled because it was an imperial symbol. The Commune decided instead to topple the column. When the Commune was defeated, Courbet was held responsible for this act of vandalism and was jailed for six months. In 1873 the government decided to rebuild the column at Courbet's expense. Unable to pay and fearful of being arrested, Courbet moved to Switzerland, where he spent the rest of his life in exile.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1819", "death_year": "1877", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1865, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1870", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:18.708000"}}