{"data": {"id": 153765, "accession_number": "1987.62", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Commemorative figure (lefem), mid-1800s\u20131910. Probably carved by Ateu Atsa (Bangwa, c. 1840\u20131910). Wood; overall: 92.1 x 20.3 cm (36 1/4 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1987.62", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Commemorative figure (lefem)", "creation_date": "mid-1800s\u20131910", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1910, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Bangwa Kingdom"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 92.1 x 20.3 cm (36 1/4 x 8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.921, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.203, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207389, "title": "Heroic Africans: Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures", "description": "<i>Heroic Africans: Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 21, 2011-January 29, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-09-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 287107, "title": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous", "description": "<i>African Master Carvers: Known and Famous</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1988: \"Year in Review 1987,\" Bulletin 75 (February 1988), p. 70, no. 180, repr. p. 60.", "opening_date": "1988-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (October 4, 2011 - 1/29/2012): \"Heroic Africans: Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures\", figure 118, p. 130.", "opening_date": "2012-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/26/2017-7/16/2017); \u201cAfrican Master Carvers: Known and Famous\u201d.", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>African Art: Recent Acquisitions</em>. Pace Primitive and Ancient Art. New York, NY (October 24\u2013December 6, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-12-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "probably Ateu Atsa, Cameroon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Charles Ratton, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131987", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Henri Kamer", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Cited in caption for figure 5, Harter 1990</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Pace Primitive and Ancient Art, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art by purchase 1987", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ateu Atsa was both a famous and infamous artist! It is said that he enraged a ruler by portraying him realistically rather than in an idealized way, and was chased out of town after the sculpture was revealed.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "Carved during their subject's lifetime, such idealized portraits function as their living stand-ins or intermediaries. Adorned with royal attire consisting of a bristled cloth cap, beaded necklace, pleated loincloth, drinking horn, and now-broken pipe, this figure was carved as a commemorative portrait of a historical king or high dignitary. It was kept by a secret association called <em>Lefem</em>, whose members gathered weekly in a sacred space in the forest to discuss matters related to the kingdom's welfare. Placed in a royal shrine, the figure witnessed sacrifices made to the skulls of the chief\u2019s ancestors. Meant to safeguard the kingdom and protect the fecundity of its inhabitants, it was also exhibited during funerals and royal ceremonies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79940023"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.62-commemorative-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 30, p. 90 - 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von. 2014. \u201cA Grasslands Beaded Leopard Skin.\u201d <em>Tribal Art: Quarterly Journal of the Art Culture and History of Traditional Peoples and New World Civilizations</em> 18 (3) No. 72 Summer 2014 Pp 108-117.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "New Orleans Museum of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Field Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, and National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). 1984. <em>The Art of Cameroon</em>. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, cat. no. 7, pp. 86-87.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal. 1989. <em>African Art : A Brief Guide to the Collection : The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum, fig. 18.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "CMA Handbook, 1991b, p. 143.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "LaGamma, Alisa, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Museum Rietberg. 2011. <em>Heroic Africans : Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures</em>. New York, New Haven Conn: Metropolitan Museum of Art ; Distributed by Yale University Press, fig. 18, p. 130.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (February 1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60; Mentioned: p. 70, no. 180", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von. \"From Fontem to Berlin: The Long Journey of a Bangwa Lefem Staff.\" Tribal Art 19, no. 3 (Summer 2015): 130-135.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harter, Pierre. \u201cRoyal Commemorative Figures in the Cameroon Grasslands: Ateu Atsa, a Bangwa Artist.\u201d African Arts 23, no. 4 (1990): 70\u201396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336946.", "page_number": "figure 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.62/1987.62_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "265074", "filename": "1987.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.62/1987.62_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3760193", "filename": "1987.62_print.jpg"}, "full": 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