{"data": {"id": 155783, "accession_number": "1991.110", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Power of Music, 1847. William Sidney Mount (American, 1807\u20131868). Oil on canvas; framed: 67 x 78 x 7.5 cm (26 3/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 43.4 x 53.5 cm (17 1/16 x 21 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.110", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "The Power of Music", "creation_date": "1847", "creation_date_earliest": 1847, "creation_date_latest": 1847, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["United States"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67 x 78 x 7.5 cm (26 3/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 43.4 x 53.5 cm (17 1/16 x 21 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.67, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.78, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.434, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.535, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Wm S. MOUNT. / 1847", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 218308, "title": "William Sidney Mount:  American Genre Painter", "description": "<i>William Sidney Mount:  American Genre Painter</i>. New-York Historical Society (August 14-October 25, 1998); Frick Art Museum, Pittsburgh, PA (November 20, 1998-January 10, 1999); Amon Carter Museum (February 5-April 4, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-08-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206205, "title": "American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life 1765-1915", "description": "<i>American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life 1765-1915</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 5, 2009-January 24, 2010); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (February 28-May 23, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Force of Music.</em> National Academy, Annual Exhibition, New York, NY (1847).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>The Washington Exhibition in Aid of the New York Gallery of the Fine Arts</em>. Art Union Gallery, New York, NY (1853).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in the Picture Gallery of the Crystal Palace</em>. Crystal Palace, New York, NY (1853).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Metropolitan Fair</em>. U.S. Sanitary Commission. New York, NY (1864).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>World's Columbian Exposition: Retrospective Exhibit of American Painting</em>. The Art Palace, Chicago, IL (1893).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Centennial Exhibition 1825 - 1925</em>. National Academy of Design, New York, NY (April 1-April 24, 1925); Corcoran Gallery, Washington DC (October 17, 1925 - November 15, 1925); Grand Central Art Galleries, Inc., New York, NY (December 1, 1925-January 3, 1926).", "opening_date": "1925-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Genre: The Social</em> <em>Scene in Painting and Prints</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (March - April 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Life in America.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Drawings and Paintings by William Sidney Mount 1807 - 1868</em>. Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, NY (January - March 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Sketches, Manuscripts, Memorabilia</em> (of the Mount Family). Suffolk Museum at Stony Brook, Long Island, NY (1947).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em> American Classics of the Nineteenth Century.</em> Carnegie Institute of Art, Pittsburgh, PA (October - December 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Hundred Years Ago</em>. American Federation of the Arts, New York, NY (November 1958 - November 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Portrayal of the Negro in American Painting</em>. Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, ME (1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Twice as Natural: 19th Century American Genre</em>. Finch College Art Museum, New York, NY (1974)..", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Selected Acquisitions</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 28 - April 26 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-04-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(James H. Maroney, Jr., Leicester, VT, and Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1990-1991", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Century Association, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Board of Management meeting minutes from January 8, 1881 confirm that the Century Association purchased the painting in 1880 for $500.&nbsp; Because there are no extant financial records or sales receipts from that time period in the Century Association's archives, the identity of the seller is not recorded.&nbsp; However, it can reasonably be assumed that it was Gideon Lee, Jr., as he was a member of the club and no additional names have been associated with this provenance.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1880-1990", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Gideon Lee, Jr. [1824-1894], Carmel, NY?", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1870-1880", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Gideon Lee [d. 1870], Geneva, NY, probably by descent to her stepson, Gideon Lee, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After Charles Leupp's death in 1859, the painting was returned to Mrs. Lee.</div>"], "date": "1859-1870", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Charles M. Leupp [1807-1859], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The circumstances surrounding Leupp's acquisition of this painting, as well as its return to Mrs. Lee, his mother-in-law, after his death are unclear.&nbsp; Leupp,a founder of The Century Association, greatly admired the painting; Mount recalled that in the spring of 1847 Leupp \"stood a long time looking at it until I began to think I had made a failure and observed to him, \u2018If you think this picture will not suit Mrs. Lee, I will paint her another with pleasure.\u2019 \u2018Why man,\u2019 he said, \u2018I only wish the picture belonged to me.\u2019\u201d&nbsp; By at least 1856, the painting did go to Leupp; in that year <em>The Crayon</em> listed it as part of his collection.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "-1859", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Laura (Mrs. Gideon) Lee [1800-1870], Geneva, NY, to her son-in-law, Charles M. Leupp", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Although the painting was ostensibly commissioned by Laura Lee, wife of Gideon Lee, a former mayor of New York City, Leupp, her son-in-law, seems to have controlled the commission.</div>"], "date": "1847-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mount was an accomplished fiddle player and even patented a new design for the instrument.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "Set in rural Long Island before the Civil War, Mount's complex painting presents an African American laborer listening intently to a fiddle tune enjoyed by white men. While a love of music unites the figures in a bond of shared humanity, the two races occupy different spaces--one inside, one outside, both separated by a barn door--effectively symbolizing the pronounced divisions in America at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16708949"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.110-the-power-of-music"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Board of Management Minutes, Jan. 8, 1881, Century Association Archives, New York, NY.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruce Robertson, \u201c\u2019The Power of Music\u2019: A Painting by William Sidney Mount,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79.2 (Feb. 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruce Robertson, \u201c\u2019The Power of Music\u2019: A Painting by William Sidney Mount,\u201d T<em>he Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79.2 (Feb. 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fagg, John. <em>Re-Envisioning the Everyday: American Genre Scenes, 1905-1945.</em> 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 145-46; reproduced p. 146.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stebbins, Theodore E., Jr. <em>Rethinking American Art: Collectors, Critics, and the Changing Canon</em>. (Boston: Godine, 2025).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 83-84.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Clubs and Societies.\" <em>The American Art Review</em>. Vol.2. First Division. Boston: Dana Estes and Charles E. Lauriat, 1881.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.40", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20559754"}, {"citation": "The Department of Fine Arts, Chicago.<em> World's Columbian Exposition: Revised Catalogue</em>. Exh. Cat. Chicago, IL: W.B. Conkey Co.,1893.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitenkampf, Frank. \"American Life in American Art.\" <em>The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine</em> 79 (November 1920-April 1921). New York, NY: Scribner &amp; Co.; The Century Co, 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.159; Reproduced: p.158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Mount Homestead Famous Landmark.\"<em> New York Times</em>, December 25, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mather, Frank Jewett, Charles Rufus Morey, and W. J. Henderson. <em>The American Spirit in Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1927", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isham, Samuel, Royal Cortissoz, and Henry Meier. <em>The History of American Painting</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan Co, 1927.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.206", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Alan. <em>Limners and Likenesses; Three Centuries of American Painting</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "American Federation of Arts.<em> Magazine of Art Index</em> 32, nos.1-2 (January-December 1939). Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Arts, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.330", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <em>Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair.</em> Exh. Cat. New York, NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.79-80, no.110 (as \"Music Hath Charms\"); Reproduced: p.80", "url": "libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/138674"}, {"citation": "Locke, Alain. <em>The Negro in Art; A Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art</em>. Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.162 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of Drawings and Paintings by William Sidney Mount 1807-1868</em>. Exh. Cat. New York, NY: Brooklyn Museum, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cowdrey, Mary Bartlett, and Hermann Warner Williams. <em>William Sidney Mount, 1807-1868, an American Painter</em>. New York, NY: Pub. for the Metropolitan Museum of Art by Columbia University Press, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.21-22; Reproduced: fig.40", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Met Spurs Interest in Mount.\" <em>New York World-Telegram</em>, February 3, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"William Sidney Mount: Painter Made Long Island His Italy.\"<em> Life Magazine</em>, July 25, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. \"The Study of Nineteenth-Century Art.\" <em>Art in America</em> 33, no.4 (October 1945).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Suffolk Museum. <em>The Mount Brothers. A Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Sketches, Manuscripts, Memorabilia, Henry Smith Mount, A.N.A., 1802-1841, Shepard Alonzo Mount, N.A., 1804-1868, William Sidney Mount, N.A., 1807-1868.</em> August 23 to September 28, 1947, the Suffolk Museum at Stony Brook, Long Island, New York. [Stony Brook], Long Island, NY: The Museum, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>The University Prints, Student Series H: American Art [Painting and Sculpture]</em>. Winchester, MA: University Prints, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. H 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. <em>American Classics of the Nineteenth Century</em>. Exh. Cat. The Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA: The Carnegie Institute, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.16 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>Art and Life in America</em>. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pierson Jr., William H., and Martha Davidson, eds.<em> Arts of the United States: A Pictorial Survey</em>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.318", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. <em>That Wilder Image: The Painting of America's Native School from Thomas Cole to Winslow Homer</em>. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.32; Reproduced: p.33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, E. P. <em>A Short History of Painting in America; The Story of 450 Years</em>. New York, NY: Crowell, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.134 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bowdoin College.<em> The Portrayal of the Negro in American Painting.</em> Exh. Cat. Brunswick, MA: Bowdoin College Museum of Art, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Samuel M. <em>American Art, a Historical Survey</em>. New York, NY: Ronald Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.270-271", "url": null}, {"citation": "McLanathan, Richard B. K. <em>The American Tradition in the Arts</em>. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace &amp; World, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.311-312; Reproduced: p.311", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience</em>. New York, NY: Praeger, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106; Mentioned: p. 107-108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David, and Barbara Rose. <em>American Painting: From Its Beginnings to the Armory Show</em>. Geneva, Switzerland: Skira, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Russell. <em>The Art-Makers of Nineteenth-Century America</em>. New York, NY: Atheneum, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.240 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. \"Fitz Hugh Lane is the hero, <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century</em>: Review.\" <em>New York Times</em>, Jan 25, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.244", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davidson, Marshall B. <em>The American Heritage History of the Writers' America</em>. New York, NY: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1973", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Marshall B. <em>The American Heritage History of the Artists' America</em>. New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Finch College, and Robert H. Luck.<em> Twice As Natural: 19th Century American Genre Painting.</em> Exh. Cat. New York, NY: Finch College Museum of Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hills, Patricia. <em>The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910</em>. New York, New York: Praeger, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.26; Reproduced: p.28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parry, Ellwood. <em>The Image of the Indian and the Black Man in American Art, 1590-1900</em>. New York, NY: G. Braziller, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankenstein, Alfred V. and Alan Buechner. <em>William Sidney Mount</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Adams, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.30,49,118,152,153,157,(as \"force of music\"),160,236, 249, 379, 471; Reproduced: p.159, no.56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Karen M. \"The Black Image in the Paintings of William Sidney Mount.\" <em>The American Art Journal</em> 7, No.2 (November 1975): 42-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.49; Reproduced: p.50", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1593998"}, {"citation": "Taylor, Joshua C. <em>America As Art</em>. Washington D.C: Published for the National Collection of Fine Arts by the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. <em>American Art to 1900: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.345 (as \"Music Hath Charms\"); Reproduced: p.346 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Callow, James T. \"American art in the collection of Charles M. Leupp.\" <em>Antiques</em> 118 (November 1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.1003; Reproduced: frontispiece and p.1002", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chirico, Robert. F. \"Some Reflections on Sound and Silence in the Visual Arts.\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 56, no.8 (April 1982):101-105.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.102-103, 105; Reproduced: p.102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cassedy, David C., Gail Shrott, and Janice Gray Armstrong. <em>William Sidney Mount, Annotated Bibliography and Listings of Archival Holdings of the Museums at Stony Brook</em>. Stony Brook, NY: The Museums, 1983", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.28, 65-67; Reproduced: p.67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha V. Pike. \"Catching the Tune: Music and William Sidney Mount.\" In <em>Catching the Tune: Music and William Sidney Mount</em>, edited by Janice Gray Armstrong. Stony Brook, NY: The Museums at Stony Brook, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.11-12; Reproduced: p.14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Jessie Carney. <em>Images of Blacks in American Culture: A Reference Guide to Information Sources</em>. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "McElroy, Guy C., Henry Louis Gates, and Christopher C. French. <em>Facing History: The Black Image in American Art, 1710-1940</em>. San Francisco, CA: Bedford Arts, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boime, Albert. <em>The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century</em>. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.92-93; Reproduced: p.91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glueck, Grace. \"The Century Club's Hard Decision to Raise Cash by Selling a Painting.\"<em> The New York Times</em>, October 20, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berry, Wendell. <em>Outstanding in the Field: A Catalogue of American Paintings for the Nineties, Hard Times Call for Hard Choices, Plus Some Food for Thought ... an Essay Entitled The Pleasures of Eating, by Wendell Berry</em>. Leicester, VT: James Maroney, Inc, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.11-13; Reproduced: p.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johns, Elizabeth. <em>American Genre Painting: The Politics of Everyday Life</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.119-123; Reproduced: pl.14", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Century Association. 1991. <em>The Century Yearbook. </em>New York: The Century Association.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vogel, Carol. \"The Art Market: Painting sold for Century's renovation.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, November 29, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.C30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cullinan, Helen. \"Art museum pays $4 million for 'Music.'\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, November 30, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"The Power of Music: A Painting by William Sydney Mount.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>79, no. 2 (February 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.38-62; Reproduced: p.38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161349"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Selected 1991 Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 2 (1992): 63-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64-65, 76", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161350"}, {"citation": "Bruce Robertson, \u201c\u2019The Power of Music\u2019: A Painting by William Sidney Mount,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79.2 (Feb. 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.38-62; Reproduced: front cover and p.38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25161347"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"Exhibitions: Selected Acquisitions.\" <em>News &amp; Calendar</em> (Feb.1992).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.3 (unpaginated mailer)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Gazette des beaux-arts</em> 119, no.134 (March 1992).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Patterson, Jerry E. \"The Grand Acquisitors.\" <em>Town &amp; Country</em> (August 1992).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moffatt, Frederick C. \"Barnburning and Hunkerism: William Sidney Mount's <em>Power of Music</em>.\" <em>Winterthur Portfolio</em> 29, no.1 (Spring 1994).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.19-42; Reproduced: pp.21, 33", "url": "journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/496642"}, {"citation": "Fred L. Emerson Gallery, and Whitney Museum of American Art at Philip Morris. <em>The Art of Music: American Paintings &amp; Musical Instruments, 1770-1910: An Exhibition</em>. Clinton, N.Y.: The Gallery, Hamilton College, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.46; Reproduced: p.47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gay, Peter. <em>The Naked Heart</em>. The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud. Vol. IV. New York: NY: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.11-12; Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christman, Margaret C. S., Alan Fern, and Robert V. Remini.<em> 1846: Portrait of the Nation</em>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.159; Reproduced: p.163", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Franklin, and Robert Wilson Torchia. <em>American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century</em>. Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Deborah J., William Sidney Mount, and Elizabeth Johns. <em>William Sidney Mount: Painter of American Life</em>. New York, NY: American Federation of Arts, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.61-62; Reproduced: p.60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Who's sitting at the table?: William Sidney Mount's <em>After Dinner</em> 1834.\"<em> The Yale Journal of Criticism</em> 11, no.1 (1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.108-109; Reproduced: p.107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "William Reese Company.<em> Illustrated Americana &amp; American Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Wm Reese Co, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: item no.60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John. \"Eastman Johnson's <em>Negro Life at the South</em> and Urban Slavery in Washington D.C.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 80, no.1 (March 1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.81; Reproduced: p.82", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3051254"}, {"citation": "Cotter, Holland. \"A Young and Uninnocent America.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, August 14, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Section E, p.36", "url": "nytimes.com/1998/08/14/arts/art-review-a-young-and-uninnocent-america.html"}, {"citation": "Amon Carter Museum. \"Exhibitions. William Sidney Mount: Painter of American Life.\"<em> Amon Carter Museum Program</em> (September 1998-February 1999).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koja, Stephan, and Nicolai Cikovsky. <em>America: The New World in 19th-Century Painting</em>. Munich, Germany: Prestel, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Jane Shoaf. <em>Encyclopedia of American Art Before 1914</em>. New York, NY: Grove's Dictionaries, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.325", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Koja, Stephan, and Nicolai Cikovsky. <em>America, Die Neue Welt in Bildern Des 19. Jahrhunderts</em>. Munich: Prestel, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hitchcock, H. Wiley, and Kyle Gann. <em>Music in the United States: A Historical Introduction</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Voorsanger, Catherine Hoover, and John K. Howat. <em>Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825-1861</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.209; Reproduced: p.208", "url": "books.google.com/books?id=j8dzQHVdv9oC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true"}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>A Connecticut Place: Weir Farm, an American Painter's Rural Retreat</em>. Wilton, Connecticut: Weir Farm Trust in collaboration with the National Park Service, Weir Farm National Historic Site, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.49-50; Reproduced: p.49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>A Connecticut Place: Weir Farm, an American Painter's Rural Retreat</em>. Wilton, CT: Weir Farm Trust in collaboration with the National Park Service, Weir Farm National Historic Site, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.49", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleinman, Craig, Nicholas M. Evans, Scott Gac, and David W. Stowe. <em>Special Issue: Noting the Nation: Words and Music in Nineteenth-Century America</em>. ATQ 16, no. 3. Kingston, RI: University of Rhode Island, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.143; Reproduced: front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>Signs of the Artist: Signatures and Self-Expression in American Paintings</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craven, Wayne.<em> American Art: History and Culture</em>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.225", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chandler, Neal. <em>Silver Apples of the Moon: Art and Poetry</em>. Shaker Heights, OH: Shaker Heights Public Library, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muther, Richard. <em>The History of Modern Painting</em>. London, UK: J.M. Dent &amp; Co, 1907", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.291", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.107-108; Reproduced: p.106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davies, Penelope J. E., and H. W. Janson. <em>Janson's History of Art: The Western Tradition</em>. Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.837-838; Reproduced: p.837", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McIntosh, DeCourcy E. \"American genre prints in the service of French commerce.\" <em>Antiques</em> 171, no. 4 (April 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.104-105; Reproduced: p.105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Greenhill, Jennifer A. \"The View from Outside: Rockwell and Race in 1950.\"<em> American Art</em> 21, no.2 (Summer 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.73-74; Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12. fig. 13, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yale University, David G. McCullough, Jon Butler, and Helen A. Cooper. <em>Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: American Art from the Yale University Art Gallery</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery in association with Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.22, 141; Reproduced: p.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>48 (May/June 2008). Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gillespie, Sarah Kate. \"The Devil Went Down to Brooklyn: William Moore Davis and the Legend of 'Martense's Lane.'\" <em>Magazine Antiques</em> 174, no.5 (November 2008).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.134-135; Reproduced: p.133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, Barbara H., and Carrie Rebora Barratt. <em>American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765-1915</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.xiv, 39, 68, 173; Reproduced: pp.xiii, 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burns, Sarah, and John Davis. <em>American Art to 1900: A Documentary History</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.312,316", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, H. Barbara, and Carrie Rebora Barratt. \"American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life.\" <em>American Art Review</em> 21, no.5 (Sept.-Oct. 2009).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.75; Reproduced: p.72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765-1915: Artist Kara Walker Discusses 'The Power of Music.'\" Podcast, November 9, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stoodley, Sheila Gibson. \"Narrative Paintings of the 18th and 19th Centuries Show How the Lives of Ordinary Americans Were the Stuff of History.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques Magazine</em> 33, no.1 (January 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.68, 71-73; Reproduced: p.66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazin</em>e. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art (March/April 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.10", "url": "archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>American Paintings, Drawings &amp; Sculpture</em>. New York: Sotheby's, December 2, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marter, Joan M. <em>The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.372", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, UK: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 234-235", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galpin, Amy. <em>Behold, America!: Art of the United States from Three San Diego Museums</em>. San Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brownlee, Peter John. <em>American Encounters: Genre Painting and Everyday Life</em>. Chicago, IL: Terra Foundation for American Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bindman, David and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. <em>The Image of the Black in Western Art, Vol. IV: From the American Revolution to World War I, Part 2: Black Models and White Myths</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.73-75; Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.234; Reproduced: p.235", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brownlee, Peter John, Sarah Burns, Diane Dillon, Daniel Greene, Scott Manning Stevens, and Adam Goodheart.<em> Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North</em>. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.131-134; Reproduced: p.132", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John, Jennifer A. Greenhill, and Jason David LaFountain. <em>A Companion to American Art</em>. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.321, 419", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dini, Jane.<em> Dance: American Art, 1830-1960</em>. Detroit Institute of Arts. New Haven, CT: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.46, 49; Reproduced: p.46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hill, Constance Valis. \"In the Eye of the Beholder: The Black Presence in the Art of American Dance.\" In <em>Dance: American Art, 1830-1960,</em> Jane Dini, ed., 29-49. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. 2016.", "page_number": "Mention, p. 46, 49 Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tani, Ellen Y., and Amanda Cachia. <em>Second Sight: The Paradox of Vision in Contemporary Art.</em> Brunswick, ME: Bowdoin College Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Inc., 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.26-27; Reproduced: p.27", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCree, J. Woodrow. Washington Irving's Critique of American Culture: Sketching a Vision of World Citizenship. 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 6.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"American Painting.\" Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, (no date).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: unpaginated brochure", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exhibition at the National Academy Second Saloon.\" <em>The Literary World</em> no.18 (June 5, ?).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.419", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berlin, Ira, and Leslie M. Harris, eds. <em>Slavery in New York</em>. New York, NY: The New Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.165-166; Reproduced: p.162", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kirkpatrick, Katherine, and Vivian Nicholson-Mueller. <em>The Art of William Sidney Mount: Long Island People of Color on Canvas. </em>Charleston, SC : The History Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 31, 39, 73, 77, 91, 96-97; Reproduced: Plates, back cover, P. 97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Laaren. \"Highlights of the Collection.\" In <em>Views of America: The Diplomatic Reception Rooms at the U.S. Department of State, </em>edited by United States Department of State, 95-214. New York, NY: Rizzoli Electa, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 190-193", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_web.jpg", "width": "1106", "height": "893", "filesize": "207550", "filename": "1991.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2745", "filesize": "1826461", "filename": "1991.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_full.tif", "width": "5422", "height": "4379", "filesize": "71253756", "filename": "1991.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1029", "height": "893", "filesize": "816274"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2952", "filesize": "7259431"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3787", "height": "3288", "filesize": "37399304"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T15:12:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1102", "height": "893", "filesize": "773960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2755", "filesize": "6244920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4621", "height": "3744", "filesize": "51933356"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 155783, "creators": [{"id": 2876, "description": "William Sidney Mount (American, 1807\u20131868)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1807", "death_year": "1868", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-09-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1847, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1847", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-10-07 12:13:22.612000"}}