{"data": {"id": 156127, "accession_number": "1991.58", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Water Ewer for Rituals (Kundika) (\uccad\ub3d9 \uc815\ubcd1 [\u9751\u9285\u6de8\u7501]), 1100s. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Bronze; overall: 39.5 cm (15 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of David S. Utterberg, 1991.58", "current_location": "003 Special Exhibition Hall", "title": "Water Ewer for Rituals (Kundika)", "title_in_original_language": "\uccad\ub3d9 \uc815\ubcd1 [\u9751\u9285\u6de8\u7501]", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 39.5 cm (15 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.395, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.09, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "length of neck": {"length": 0.108, "length_inch": 4, "length_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184116, "title": "Object in Focus: Kundika", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Kundika</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 686413, "title": "Ten Kings of Hell: The Afterlife in Medieval Korea", "description": "<i>Ten Kings of Hell: The Afterlife in Medieval Korea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 11, 2026-January 3, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kang Collection, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131991", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This distinctively shaped vessel is called a <em>kundika </em>in Sanskrit, simply referring to a water bottle.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "Known as kundika in Sanskrit, this distinctively shaped vessel served to purify a sacred space and to invoke a deity. In Korean Buddhist art, it appears primarily as an attribute of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Gwaneum in Korean). By the 1100s, however, the kundika was used as aristocrats\u2019 fancy water container for everyday use.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761836"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.58-water-ewer-for-ritua"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cCraftsmen in Metal Arts in the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \u91d1\u5c6c\u5de5\u85dd\uc758 \u5320\u4eba].\u201d <em>Misulsahak yeongu</em> (2004): 171\u2013192.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00996932"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63\u2013147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 133", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The spirit of Goryeo in metalcrafts </em>[\uae08\uc18d \uacf5\uc608 \uc5d0 \uae43\ub4e0 \uace0\ub824\uc778 \uc758 \uc0b6]<em>. </em>Seoul: Jeju National Museum and National Cheongju Museum, 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Bronze in Life and Art</em> [\uc0b6\uacfc \uc608\uc220 \uc18d. \uccad\ub3d9 \u9751\u9285 \uc774\uc57c\uae30] National Cheongju Museum (2016).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 122, no. 88", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa, Yukio Lippit, and In Hee Song. <em>Ten Kings of Hell: The Afterlife in Medieval Korea.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: plate 34, p. 83", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.58", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.58/1991.58_web.jpg", "width": "546", "height": "900", "filesize": "86211", "filename": "1991.58_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.58/1991.58_print.jpg", "width": "2062", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1025905", "filename": "1991.58_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.58/1991.58_full.tif", "width": "8228", "height": "13568", "filesize": "334938708", "filename": 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