{"data": {"id": 166209, "accession_number": "2008.150", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Female Mask (Gambanda or Kambanda), early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Pende-style maker. Wood, plant fiber, and colorant; overall: 27 x 22 x 28.5 cm (10 5/8 x 8 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2008.150", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Female Mask (Gambanda or Kambanda)", "creation_date": "early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Pende-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, plant fiber, and colorant", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 27 x 22 x 28.5 cm (10 5/8 x 8 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.285, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Arts Premiers d'Afrique Noire</em>, Cr\u00e9dit Communal de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (March 5\u2013April 17, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-05T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Faces of the Spirits: Masks from the Zaire Basin, </em>Etnografische Museum, Antwerp, Belgium (1993).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Faces of the Spirits: Masks from the Zaire Basin, </em>National Museum of African Art, Washington D.C. (April 20\u2013September 25, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-04-20T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Field-collected by Belgian territorial administrator, Maurice Matton, in the Bandundu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then still Belgian Congo)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ex collection Annie and Jean-Pierre Jernander, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Drouot-Richelieu, Paris, France, lot 29, June 29, 1996, sold to private collection)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 29, 1996", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u20132008", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2008", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2008\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This female mask would have performed in a collective multimedia event with audience participation.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "Realized in typical Central Pende style, this mask is believed to represent <em>gambanda</em>, the chief's wife. In light of Pende theories about gender and physiognomy, the mask is an ideal expression of a woman's facial features and thus reflects her calm, obedient, peaceful, and self-controlled demeanor. The intricate hairstyle consisting of hundreds of miniature twists imitates a once fashionable hairdo. Pende sculptors inherited their position and often worked on the outskirts of the village so that few could see them at work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.150-female-mask-gambanda"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Guimiot, Philippe and Lucien Van de Velde. <em>Arts Premiers d'Afrique, Noire</em>. Brussels: Cr\u00e9dit Communal de Belgique, 1977.", "page_number": "fig. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bastin, Marie-Louise. <em>Introduction aux Arts d'Afrique Noire. </em>Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique Noire (91), 1984.", "page_number": "fig. 330", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Herreman, Frank, Constantijn Petridis, et al. <em>Face of the Spirits: Masks from the Zaire Basin.</em> Gent: Snoeck-Ducaju, 1993.", "page_number": "fig. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "de Grunne, M. Bernard. <em>Importarte Vente d'Art Africain Collection: A. et J. P. Jernander. </em>Bruxelles: Droutot-Richelieu, 1996.", "page_number": "lot 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Strother, Z. S. <em>Inventing Masks: Agency and History in the Art of the Central Pende</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.", "page_number": "plate 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Strother, Z. S. <em>Pende: The Experience of Art</em>. Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2008.", "page_number": "plate 24, p. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. <em>Cataloguing Preview: Arts d'Afrique et d'Oc\u00e9anie. </em>2008.", "page_number": "lot 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. <em>Arts d'Afrique et d'Oc\u00e9anie, d'Asie du Sud-Est: Importantes Collections. </em>2008. Paris: Sotheby's (December 4, 2008).", "page_number": "pp. 202\u2013203", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". <em>African Arts</em>. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011. Pg. 65, Fig. 13.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34-35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. <em>The Visual Arts of Africa: Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals.</em> Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 275, no. 9.11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.150", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "340337", "filename": "2008.150_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_print.jpg", "width": "2623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5403222", "filename": "2008.150_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_full.tif", "width": "4554", "height": "5904", "filesize": "80709848", "filename": "2008.150_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "357941"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2684", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5701477"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4700", "height": "5954", "filesize": "84012040"}, "date_created": "2009-09-22T14:55:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "893", "filesize": "378311"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2876", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5628977"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4723", "height": "5583", "filesize": "79139296"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T16:03:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "924", "height": "893", "filesize": "412752"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3285", "filesize": "5660724"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4928", "height": "4762", "filesize": "70434948"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T17:28:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "842", "height": "893", "filesize": "407869"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3205", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6053857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4414", "height": "4682", "filesize": "62032904"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T17:44:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "810", "height": "893", "filesize": "390924"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3083", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5238063"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4901", "height": "5405", "filesize": "79503920"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T17:13:39", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166209, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Female Face Mask (Gambanda)", "GAMBANDA"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:34:49.119000"}}