{"data": {"id": 170727, "accession_number": "2013.249", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Phryne before Her Judges, c. 1816\u201320. Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825). Black chalk on wove paper discolored to beige; sheet: 13.3 x 19.6 cm (5 1/4 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in memory of Helen Borowitz, 2013.249", "current_location": null, "title": "Phryne before Her Judges", "creation_date": "c. 1816\u201320", "creation_date_earliest": 1816, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "black chalk on wove paper discolored to beige", "support_materials": [{"description": "medium-weight, wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 13.3 x 19.6 cm (5 1/4 x 7 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.133, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.196, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.187, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.272, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, upper right, in black chalk: L. David Brux.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361567, "title": "Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman", "description": "<i>Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 14-May 15, 2022) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2022/jacques-louis-david-radical-draftsman.", "opening_date": "2022-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Master Drawings</em>. Covent Garden Gallery (Adolphe Stein), London (March 9\u2013April 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-04-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Adolphe Stein, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1977", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Helen [1929\u20132012] and Albert [b. 1930] Borowitz, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1987-2013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two male figures at center may be <em>t\u00eates d\u2019expression</em>, which convey emotion through pose and expression.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "Known in his own time for large-scale paintings on historical subjects, Jacques-Louis David drew avidly to plan his compositions. Late in life, however, his use of drawing changed dramatically, resulting in works such as this pair. After falling out of political favor during the French Revolution (1789\u201399), David moved to Brussels in exile. There, he crafted small, enigmatic drawings of close-up figures. <em>Phryne</em> features a mythological courtesan charged with blasphemy, while <em>The Prisoner</em> is vaguer, with an unidentifiable man grimacing alongside a chain and oil lamp. David embraced this uncertainty, writing at the time that \u201cI just threw down . . . the mad ideas that came into my head.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80079826"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.249-phryne-before-the-ju", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.249-phryne-before-her-ju"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cantaloube, A. \"Les Dessins de Louis David,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 7 (September 1860): 285-303.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 302, no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, J. L. Jules. <em>Le Peintre Louis David, 1748\u20131825: Souvenirs &amp; documents in\u00e9dits</em> . 2 vols. Paris: Havard, 1880.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 664", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Master Drawings</em>. Exh. cat. London: Adolphe Stein, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schnapper, Antoine and Arlette S\u00e9rullaz. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 189, 548", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre and Louis-Antoine Prat. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748\u20131825: Catalogue raisonn\u00e9 des dessins. </em>Milan: Leonardo Arte, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. I, p. 326, no. 351", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. <em>Le Dessin fran\u00e7ais</em> <em>au XIXe si\u00e8cle</em>. Paris: Louvre \u00c9ditions, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, Jacques Louis, and Perrin Stein. Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman. 2022, 252.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 252, No. 80", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stein, Perrin. <em>Jacques-Louis David: Radical Draftsman</em>, 252 (ill.), 256, no. 80. Exh. cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 256, no. 80; Reproduced: p. 252", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 80-83, no. 5a", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Rosenberg and Prat 351", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.249", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.249/2013.249_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "615", "filesize": "203505", "filename": "2013.249_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.249/2013.249_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2324", "filesize": "2741494", "filename": "2013.249_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.249/2013.249_full.tif", "width": "7431", "height": "5080", "filesize": "113277136", "filename": "2013.249_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift in memory of Helen Borowitz", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170727, "creators": [{"id": 1643, "description": "Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The founder and leading painter of the neoclassical movement in France, Jacques-Louis David was born in Paris to a prosperous family of artists and archi-tects. In 1766 he entered the Acad\u00e9mie Royale as the pupil of Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809). After several failed attempts, David won the Prix de Rome in 1774. The following year he left for Italy, where he studied antique art and envisioned replacing the frivolity of the rococo with an art of grandeur, simplicity, and moral virtue. After returning to Paris in 1780, he established his reputa-tion with three spectacular successes at the Salon: The Oath of the Horatii (1785, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), The Death of Socrates (1787, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), and The Lictors Bring-ing Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). Widely interpreted as moral parables for contemporary political events, these archetypes of neoclassical aesthetics set the standard for academic painting of the next century. In the 1790s David joined the radical Jacobin Club and played an active role in the French Revolution. He allied himself with Robespierre, served a short term as president of the Convention, and voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He also placed his artistic talents at the service of the Revolution by creating paintings that glorified its martyrs and by organizing public festivals that celebrated the new political order. As the most prominent artist in the revolutionary ranks, he led the attack against the Acad\u00e9mie Royale that culminated in its abolish-ment in 1793. When the excesses of the Reign of Terror precipitated the fall of Robespierre in 1794, David was imprison-ed but spared execution. Authorities released him the following year due to ill health. Around 1798 David developed a new alliance with the brilliant young general of the Directory, Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. David's painting The Intervention of the Sabine Women (1799, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) coalesced perfectly with Napoleonic propaganda urging national reconciliation. After the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1799, Napol\u00e9on was named first consul and began supplying David with important commissions. Upon Napol\u00e9on's coronation in 1804, David was appointed first painter to the emperor. David's monumental painting The Coronation of Napol\u00e9on, or Le Sacre (1805-7, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), introduced a less spartan, more colorful and emotive style. However, as seen in his life-size portrait Napol\u00e9on in His Study (1812, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), David increasingly searched to balance this new heroic-romanticism with an exacting realism. In 1816, following Napol\u00e9on's defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the monarchy, David went into exile in Belgium. He spent the last nine years of his life in Brussels, painting mostly mythological subjects and portraits. David died of a stroke in 1825 and was denied burial in France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1816, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1816\u201320", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:45:32.869000"}}