{"data": {"id": 97033, "accession_number": "1916.686", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Estoc, early 1500s. Germany, early 16th Century. Steel, wood and leather; overall: 156.6 cm (61 5/8 in.); blade: 125.3 cm (49 5/16 in.); quillions: 26.2 cm (10 5/16 in.); grip: 30 cm (11 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.686", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Estoc", "creation_date": "early 1500s", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1525, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, early 16th Century"], "technique": "steel, wood and leather", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 156.6 cm (61 5/8 in.); Blade: 125.3 cm (49 5/16 in.); Quillions: 26.2 cm (10 5/16 in.); Grip: 30 cm (11 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.566, "length_inch": 61, "length_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "blade": {"length": 1.253, "length_inch": 49, "length_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "quillions": {"length": 0.262, "length_inch": 10, "length_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "grip": {"length": 0.3, "length_inch": 11, "length_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sauran", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Richard Zschille (1847-1903), Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Swords like this one were developed to counteract and pierce the increasingly heavy armor and sophisticated plates that nearly covered a knight.", "early_education_description": null, "artlens_description": null, "description": "The French word <em>estoc</em> means \"thrust\" and therefore was adopted as the name for this long thrusting sword. It has a fairly long grip and simple cross-shaped hilt. The rigid blade, designed for thrusting at armored opponents, is three-sided for strength. The estoc was sometimes carried from the saddle. From the early 1300s, it was used by cavalrymen as an auxiliary side arm when a horseman had dismounted.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747226"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.686-estoc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour.</em> Vol. 1, <em>14th &amp; 15th centuries. </em>[Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. 34 [31]", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n233"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. \"Swords from the Severance Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 10, no. 1 (1923).", "page_number": "pp. 2, 6-8, fig. D", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136621"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86, E5; Reproduced: Plate XX, E5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n126"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 111, 168, cat. no.125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 152, p. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 278-9, no. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. 110, p. 290", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.686", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_web.jpg", "width": "462", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.686_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_print.jpg", "width": "1745", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.686_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_full.tif", "width": "2772", "height": "5400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.686_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "395", "height": "893", "filesize": "155990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1503", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2711775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2211", "height": "5000", "filesize": "33189280"}, "date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "233607"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2626", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4030461"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3862", "height": "5000", "filesize": "57951300"}, "date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4198", "height": "5328", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "546", "height": "893", "filesize": "152441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2078", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2339481"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.686/1916.686_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3450", "height": "5646", "filesize": "58463928"}, "date_created": "2005-11-17T20:14:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97033, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:13:39.320000"}}