{"info": {"total": 1, "parameters": {"skip": 0, "limit": 1000, "artists": "picasso", "nazi_era_provenance": "", "created_after_age": 30, "select": "accession_number,accession_number_sortable,cover_accession_number,department,department,classification_type,collection,gallery"}}, "data": [{"id": 152776, "accession_number": "1985.57", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Bull Skull, Fruit, Pitcher, 1939. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 85.7 x 117.2 x 7 cm (33 3/4 x 46 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 65 x 92 cm (25 9/16 x 36 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1985.57. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Bull Skull, Fruit, Pitcher", "creation_date": "1939", "creation_date_earliest": 1939, "creation_date_latest": 1939, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 85.7 x 117.2 x 7 cm (33 3/4 x 46 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 65 x 92 cm (25 9/16 x 36 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.857, "width": 1.172, "depth": 0.07}, "unframed": {"height": 0.65, "width": 0.92}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower center: \"12.1.39. Picasso\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309910, "title": "The Year in Review for 1985", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1985</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 20, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 379356, "title": "Picasso: The Love and the Anguish--The Road to Guernica", "description": "<i>Picasso: The Love and the Anguish--The Road to Guernica</i>. National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (organizer); Tobu Museum of Art.", "opening_date": "1995-10-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216656, "title": "Picasso and the War:  1937-1945", "description": "<i>Picasso and the War:  1937-1945</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 10, 1998-January 3, 1999); Guggenheim Museum Soho, New York (January 27-April 26, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211319, "title": "Picasso.  Indoor, Outdoor Landscapes", "description": "<i>Picasso.  Indoor, Outdoor Landscapes</i>. Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (October 26, 1999-January 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223983, "title": "Picasso. Sous le soleil de Mithra", "description": "<i>Picasso. Sous le soleil de Mithra</i>. Mus\u00e9e national Picasso-Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (November 27, 2001-March 4, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 230443, "title": "Picasso's Studio", "description": "<i>Picasso's Studio</i>. Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE (organizer) (February 10-May 11, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(P. Rosenberg, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Walter Bareiss [1919-2007] Greenwich, CT", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw, New York, NY, 1985, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1985", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1985-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The flowering tree in the background was added by Picasso in the final stages of the painting\u2019s creation.", "description": "Pablo Picasso painted this still life following the surrender of his beloved Barcelona to General Francisco Franco\u2019s fascist army, an event signaling the defeat of the Spanish Republic. Spain\u2014because of its association with bullfighting\u2014is represented by a bull\u2019s skull. Outside the window, a flowering tree grows in the moonlight. The tree likely references the sacred oak of Guernica in the Basque region of Spain that survived a 1937 bombing by German and Italian air forces ordered by the Spanish Nationalists, a coalition of groups opposed to the Spanish Republic. Symbolic of freedom for the Basque people, the tree suggests hope for the rebirth of democracy in Spain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475707"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 118, no. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richardson, John. <em>A Life of Picasso.</em> First edition. New York: Random House, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Color plates", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 258-259, no. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. \"Evan Turner: Colleague and Friend.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 4 (1993): 118-21.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161397"}, {"citation": "Herschel Browning Chipp, Alan Wofsy, and Fernand Mourlot. <em>Picasso's paintings, watercolors, drawings and sculpture: a comprehensive illustrated catalogue, 1885-1973</em>. San Francisco, CA: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nash, Steven A., Robert Rosenblum, and Brigitte Baer. <em>Picasso and the War Years, 1937-1945</em>. New York, NY.: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warncke, Carsten-Peter, Ingo F. Walther, and Michael Hulse. <em>Pablo Picasso: 1881-1973</em>. Koln, Germany: Taschen, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37; Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ocan\u0303a, Naria-Teresa. <em>Picasso: Indoor &amp; Outdoor Landscapes</em>. Madrid, Spain: Electa, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, Carmen Belen Lord, and Josefina Alix Trueba. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 478", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Raymond J. <em>To Be, or Not to Be: Four Hundred Years of Vanitas Painting</em>. Flint, MI: Flint Institute of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fundacio\u0301n Mapfre, Antonia Castan\u0303o, M. Teresa Ocan\u0303a, Neil Cox, Brigitte Le\u0301al, Valeriano Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, and Christopher Green. <em>Picasso en el taller: </em>Madrid, Spain : Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE, Instituto de Cultura, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fundacio\u0301n Mapfre, Antonia Castan\u0303o, M. Teresa Ocan\u0303a, Neil Cox, Brigitte Le\u0301al, Valeriano Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Christopher Green, and Pablo Picasso. <em>Picasso en el taller: 12 febrero-11 mayo 2014</em>. Madrid, Spain : Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE, Instituto de Cultura, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Guernica and the War Years.\" In <em>Picasso and Paper</em>. William H. Robinson, et al., 202-241. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 218-219, cat. no. 212", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Absolon, Kurt, Bernhard Hainz, and Stefan U\u0308ner. Kurt Absolon: Monografie und Werkverzeichnis. <br>[Weitra] : Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos IX.238", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.57", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 152776, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973"}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-05-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1939, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1939", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Still Life with Bull's Skull"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2025-12-21 05:55:51.890000"}]}