{ "info": { "total": 25, "parameters": { "skip": 2, "limit": 1000, "indent": 1, "q": "song xu", "select": "accession_number,accession_number_sortable,cover_accession_number,department,gallery,department,collection,classification_type", "search": "song xu" } }, "data": [ { "id": 137125, "accession_number": "1961.90", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Xu Jingyang Moving His Family (\u8a31\u65cc\u967d\u79fb\u5c45\u5716), 1644. Cui Zizhong (Chinese, 1574\u20131644). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 268.2 x 66 cm (105 9/16 x 26 in.); painting only: 165.3 x 64 cm (65 1/16 x 25 3/16 in.); overall with knobs: 268.2 x 74.1 cm (105 9/16 x 29 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1961.90", "current_location": null, "title": "Xu Jingyang Moving His Family", "title_in_original_language": "\u8a31\u65cc\u967d\u79fb\u5c45\u5716", "creation_date": "1644", "creation_date_earliest": 1644, "creation_date_latest": 1644, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 268.2 x 66 cm (105 9/16 x 26 in.); Painting only: 165.3 x 64 cm (65 1/16 x 25 3/16 in.); Overall with knobs: 268.2 x 74.1 cm (105 9/16 x 29 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "painting only": { "height": 1.653, "height_inch": 65, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.64, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 }, "overall": { "height": 2.682, "height_inch": 105, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0 }, "overall with knobs": { "height": 2.682, "height_inch": 105, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.741, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "Artist's 2 seals: Pei-hai, Cui Zizhong yin.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "9 additional seals: 2 of Xiang Yuan (18th-19th c.); 1 of Tang Zuomei (late 18th-19th c.); 1 of Zhang Heng \u5f35\u73e9 (1915-1963); 1 of C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 (1907\u20132003); 4 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00" }, { "id": 445380, "title": "The Restless Landscape: Chinese Painting of the Late Ming Period", "description": "The Restless Landscape: Chinese Painting of the Late Ming Period. University of California, Berkeley. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (organizer) (November 9, 1971-January 2, 1972); Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (February 11-April 2, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-11-09T05:00:00" }, { "id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00" }, { "id": 445574, "title": "Escaping to a Better World: Eccentrics and Immortals in Chinese Art", "description": "Escaping to a Better World: Eccentrics and Immortals in Chinese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 13-November 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-05-13T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "The Restless landscape: Chinese painting of the Late Ming period. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (November 9, 1971-January 2, 1972); Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (February 12-April 2, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-02-12T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland OH (July 16-October 28, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-16T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland OH (November 21, 2013-July 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-21T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "Tang Yuzhao", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "Xiang Yuan [18th-19th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2 }, { "description": "Tang Zuomei [late 18th-19th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3 }, { "description": "Zhang Heng \u5f35\u73e9 [1915-1963]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4 }, { "description": "(C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 [1907\u20132003], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1961", "sortorder": 5 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 6 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Xu Jingyang, wearing red, is in the upper register of figures, while below his servants transport a rooster, dog, and other supplies.", "description": "Xu Jingyang was a dedicated fourth-century Confucian official who allegedly turned into a Daoist immortal. This scroll depicts the legend that when he attained immortality, he took his entire household, including chickens and dogs, to paradise.

Cui Zizhong\u2019s painting style intentionally referenced ancient masters. Typical of the pre-Song dynasty landscape tradition, there is the use of blue and green colors and an emphasis on outline rather than texture. While the trembling outlines are reminiscent of earlier painters, the flickering light on rocks and trees is a stylistic feature of Cui\u2019s own time.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466053" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.90-xu-jingyang-moving-h" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Ho, Wai-Kam. \u201cNan-Ch'en Pei-Ts'ui: Ch'en of the South and Ts'ui of the North.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 49, no. 1, 1962, pp. 2\u201311.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 9, 10, figs. 4-6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142485" }, { "citation": "Cahill, James. The Restless Landscape: Chinese Painting of the Late Ming Period. Berkeley: University Art Museum, 1971.", "page_number": "cat. no. 76", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 353", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n373" }, { "citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 209, pp. 273-274", "url": null }, { "citation": "Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c. Chu\u0304goku kaiga so\u0304go\u0304 zuroku [\u4e2d\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u7e3d\u5408\u5716\u9304= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Paintings], \u7b2c1\u5377. \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u00b7\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u7bc7[= vol. 1 American and Canadian collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 285, no. 314", "url": null }, { "citation": "Andrews, Julia Frances. The Significance of Style and Subject Matter in the Painting of Cui Zizhong. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 47, pp. 342-344", "url": null }, { "citation": "Little, Stephen. Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China: the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "cat. no. 4, pp. 30-31", "url": null }, { "citation": "Barnhart, Richard M., Xin Yang, Chongzheng Nie, James Cahill, Shaojun Lang, and Hung Wu. Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting. New Haven: Yale University Press; Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 241, no. 226", "url": null }, { "citation": "Yang, Kathleen \u694a\u51f1\u7433, and Chi-ch\u02bbien Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077. Through a Chinese connoisseur's eye: private notes of C.C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 312, fig. 33", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.90", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.90/1961.90_web.jpg", "width": "350", "height": "900", "filesize": "168866", "filename": "1961.90_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.90/1961.90_print.jpg", "width": "1321", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1317128", "filename": "1961.90_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.90/1961.90_full.tif", "width": "5332", "height": "13719", "filesize": "219473064", "filename": "1961.90_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.90/1961.90_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "317", "height": "893", "filesize": "45907" }, "print": { "url": 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Dai Jin (Chinese, 1388\u20131462). Hanging scroll; ink and slight color on silk; painting: 138.2 x 75.2 cm (54 7/16 x 29 5/8 in.); overall with knobs: 232.5 x 96.3 cm (91 9/16 x 37 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1974.45", "current_location": null, "title": "The Hermit Xu You Resting by a Stream", "title_in_original_language": "\u7b95\u5c71\u9ad8\u96b1\u5716", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1462, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and slight color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 138.2 x 75.2 cm (54 7/16 x 29 5/8 in.); Overall with knobs: 232.5 x 96.3 cm (91 9/16 x 37 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "painting": { "height": 1.382, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.752, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625 }, "overall": { "height": 2.325, "height_inch": 91, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.882, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75 }, "overall with knobs": { "height": 2.325, "height_inch": 91, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.963, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "5 seals: 1 of Huang Lin \u9ec4\u7433 (active about 1496\u20131532); 4 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00" }, { "id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00" }, { "id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00" }, { "id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00" }, { "id": 203084, "title": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen", "description": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-July 31, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00" }, { "id": 445574, "title": "Escaping to a Better World: Eccentrics and Immortals in Chinese Art", "description": "Escaping to a Better World: Eccentrics and Immortals in Chinese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 13-November 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-05-13T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "Huang Lin \u9ec4\u7433 [active about 1496\u20131532]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "(Yabumoto Shogoro \u85ea\u672c\u838a\u4e94\u90ce [20th century], Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131974", "sortorder": 2 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1974\u2013", "sortorder": 3 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When the emperor offered him a post overseeing the Nine Territories (as China was known in ancient times), Xu You went to the River Ying to cleanse his ears from such an unwelcome proposition.", "description": "Xu You, a recluse who refused the throne offered to him by legendary Emperor Yao, chose instead to farm on Mount Ji. Sitting under cliffs, his left arm resting on his risen leg and his loose robe revealing his belly, he displays a nonchalant attitude. Xu You is wearing a laborer\u2019s outfit, a short robe and tight leggings, while his composed pose and gentle features reveal his lofty character.

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Parting at the Shore: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty, 1368-1580. New York: Weatherhill, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47, pl. 12", "url": null }, { "citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 134, p. 157", "url": null }, { "citation": "Williams, Marjorie. Chinese Painting--an Escape from the \"Dusty\" World. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 25, p. 39", "url": null }, { "citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 88-89", "url": null }, { "citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56, cat. no. 32", "url": null }, { "citation": "Watson, William. The Arts of China 900-1620. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 261, pp. 174-175", "url": null }, { "citation": "Greene, David B. How to Respond to Strangeness in Art: Four Studies in the Unfamiliar. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 3.1", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147947, "creators": [ { "id": 6289, "description": "Dai Jin (Chinese, 1388\u20131462)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6234\u8fdb", "birth_year": "1388", "death_year": "1462", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "The Hermit Xu You Resting by a Stream \u7b95\u5c71\u9ad8\u96b1\u5716", "The Hermit Hs\u00fc Yu Resting by a Stream" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:49.454000" }, { "id": 160729, "accession_number": "1998.78.14", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Baoyang Lake (\u5305\u967d\u6e56), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.14", "current_location": null, "title": "Baoyang Lake", "title_in_original_language": "\u5305\u967d\u6e56", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "\u5305\u967d\u6e56\uff1a\u81ea\u6b64\u6578\u91cc\uff0c\u6771\u51fa\u592a\u6e56\u751a\u8fd1\u3002\u5317\u81f3\u9999\u5c71\u53ef\u6578\u91cc\u3002\u904e\u6b64\u5373\u5b9c\u8208\u754c\u77e3\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Leaf 4. Baoyang Lake: Several li from here to the east, one can exit through Lake Tai, which is quite near. Just a few li to the north is the township of Xiangshan. Having arrived there, one will cross over the border to the city of Yixing.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 4-July 23, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-04T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This album of landscape paintings depicts the famous scenic areas located in and around the city of Wuxing in southeastern China. These places were all known for their natural beauty, but in addition, a number were distinguished by their links to eminent historical figures and events. The artist, Song Xu, was not a native of Wuxing, but must have visited it when he accepted the commission, for he carefully depicted all eighteen views and wrote comments on each of them.

Song's gazetteer-like notation on this leaf reads:
Baoyang Lake: Several li (Chinese mile) from here to the east, one can exit through Lake Tai, which is quite near. Just a few li to the north is the township of Xiangshan. Having arrived there, one may want to cross over the border to the city of Yixing.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477656" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.14-baoyang-lake" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null }, { "citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \"China's Southern Paradise: Treasures From the Lower Yangzi Delta At the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia (Winter 2023): 98-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 101-102, fig. 6", "url": "" } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.14", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.14/1998.78.14_web.jpg", "width": "956", "height": "893", "filesize": "718224", "filename": "1998.78.14_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.14/1998.78.14_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3177", "filesize": "10933890", "filename": "1998.78.14_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.14/1998.78.14_full.tif", "width": "5260", "height": "4916", "filesize": "77605796", "filename": "1998.78.14_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:12:19", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.14/1998.78.14_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1008", "height": "893", "filesize": "699611" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.14/1998.78.14_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3011", "filesize": "7745937" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.14/1998.78.14_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "5568", "filesize": "105055820" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160729, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Baoyang Lake \u5305\u967d\u6e56", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Baoyang Lake" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.303000" }, { "id": 160725, "accession_number": "1998.78.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Mt. Shenchang (\u6c88\u9577\u5c71), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.10", "current_location": null, "title": "Mt. Shenchang", "title_in_original_language": "\u6c88\u9577\u5c71", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 4-July 23, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-04T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477649" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.10-mt-shenchang" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.10", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.10/1998.78.10_web.jpg", "width": "965", "height": "893", "filesize": "715698", "filename": "1998.78.10_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.10/1998.78.10_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3146", "filesize": "10932506", "filename": "1998.78.10_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.10/1998.78.10_full.tif", "width": "5287", "height": "4893", "filesize": "77638320", "filename": "1998.78.10_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:11:23", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.10/1998.78.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "993", "height": "893", "filesize": "685247" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.10/1998.78.10_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3059", "filesize": "7909765" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.10/1998.78.10_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6179", "height": "5560", "filesize": "103086788" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160725, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Shenchang \u6c88\u9577\u5c71", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Shenchang" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.277000" }, { "id": 160730, "accession_number": "1998.78.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): L\u00fcshan Hui (\u5442\u5c71\u6ed9), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.15", "current_location": null, "title": "L\u00fcshan Hui", "title_in_original_language": "\u5442\u5c71\u6ed9", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "\u5442\u5c71\u6ed9\uff1a\u84cb\u5442\u8499\u66fe\u5c4b\u6b64\u800c\u4e91\u7136\u3002\u4ea6\u5f01\u5c71\u9918\u6d3e\u4e5f\uff0c\u5165\u90e1\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7531\u6b64\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Leaf 7. L\u00fcshan Hui: Its name stems from L\u00fc Meng [AD 178\u2013219], who camped there. It is a place in the Bian Mountain range. To go to the capital city of the prefecture [Wuxing], one must follow through here.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1 } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This album of landscape paintings depicts the famous scenic areas located in and around the city of Wuxing in southeastern China. These places were all known for their natural beauty, but in addition, a number were distinguished by their links to eminent historical figures and events. The artist, Song Xu, was not a native of Wuxing, but must have visited it when he accepted the commission, for he carefully depicted all eighteen views and wrote comments on each of them.

Song's gazetteer-like notation on this leaf reads:
L\u00fcshan hui [Mount L\u00fc corridor]: Its name stems from L\u00fc Meng (178\u2013219 CE), who camped here. It is a place in the Bian Mountain range. To get to the capital of (Wuxing) prefecture, one must follow through there.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477658" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.15-lushan-hui" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.15", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.15/1998.78.15_web.jpg", "width": "970", "height": "893", "filesize": "728822", "filename": "1998.78.15_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.15/1998.78.15_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3129", "filesize": "10886016", "filename": "1998.78.15_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.15/1998.78.15_full.tif", "width": "5320", "height": "4896", "filesize": "78171136", "filename": "1998.78.15_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:12:32", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.15/1998.78.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1006", "height": "893", "filesize": "697844" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.15/1998.78.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3019", "filesize": "7802160" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.15/1998.78.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "5584", "filesize": "105357644" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160730, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: The L\u00fcshan Shore", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: L\u00fcshan Hui \u5442\u5c71\u6ed9", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: L\u00fcshan Hui" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.310000" }, { "id": 160732, "accession_number": "1998.78.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Bilang Lake (\u78a7\u6d6a\u6e56), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.17", "current_location": null, "title": "Bilang Lake", "title_in_original_language": "\u78a7\u6d6a\u6e56", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-23T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477665" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.17-bilang-lake" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.17", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.17/1998.78.17_web.jpg", "width": "978", "height": "893", "filesize": "690563", "filename": "1998.78.17_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.17/1998.78.17_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3106", "filesize": "10790101", "filename": "1998.78.17_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.17/1998.78.17_full.tif", "width": "5376", "height": "4912", "filesize": "79250344", "filename": "1998.78.17_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:12:59", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.17/1998.78.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1003", "height": "893", "filesize": "646462" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.17/1998.78.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3028", "filesize": "7679521" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.17/1998.78.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "5600", "filesize": "105659468" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160732, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Green-wave Lake", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Bilang Lake (Lake of Green Waves) \u78a7\u6d6a\u6e56", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Bilang Lake (Lake of Green Waves)" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.338000" }, { "id": 160728, "accession_number": "1998.78.13", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Mt. Daochang (\u9053\u5834\u5c71), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.13", "current_location": null, "title": "Mt. Daochang", "title_in_original_language": "\u9053\u5834\u5c71", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "\u9053\u5834\u5c71\uff1a\u90e1\u57ce\u5357\u53bb\uff0c\u53ef\u4e94\u516d\u91cc\uff0c\u70ba\u4f0f\u864e\u79aa\u5e2b\u9053\u5834\u3002\u4e0a\u6709\u4f0f\u864e\u4ead\u3001\u671b\u6e56\u4ead\u3002\u5357\u53ef\u898b\u6b66\u6797\u8af8\u5c71\u3002\u5317\u76e1\u9707\u6fa4\u7fa4\u5cef\u4e4b\u52dd\u3002\u4fef\u7aba\u57ce\u90ed\u6a13\u81fa\uff0c\u4f73\u9e97\u5982\u756b\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Leaf 11. Mt. Daochang: From the prefectural city toward the south, about 5, 6 li, there is the spiritual abode of the Chan Master Fuhu [master who tamed tigers, or Zhifeng \u5fd7\u9022, 909\u2013985]. Up above [on the hill] are the Fuhu and Wanghu Pavilions. Looking toward the south, one can see the mountains in Hangzhou. Looking toward the north, one can see all the way to the Lake Tai and also its hilly islands. Looking down, the city walls are laid before us, with towers and terraces, as splendid as in a painting.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 27, 2003-March 10, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-27T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This album of landscape paintings depicts the famous scenic areas located in and around the city of Wuxing in southeastern China. These places were all known for their natural beauty, but in addition, a number were distinguished by their links to eminent historical figures and events. The artist, Song Xu, was not a native of Wuxing, but must have visited it when he accepted the commission, for he carefully depicted all eighteen views and wrote comments on each of them.

Song's gazetteerlike notation on this leaf reads:
Mount Daochang: From the prefectural city toward the south, about 5 to 6 li, there is the spiritual abode of Chan Master Fuhu [master who tamed tigers, or Zhifeng \u5fd7\u9022, 909\u2013985]. On top [of the hill] are the Fuhu and Wanghu Pavilions. Looking farther south, one can see the mountains of Hangzhou. Looking toward the north, one can see all the way to Lake Tai and its hilly islands. Looking down, the city walls below with its towers and terraces are as splendid as in a painting.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477654" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.13-mt-daochang" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.13", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.13/1998.78.13_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "748914", "filename": "1998.78.13_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.13/1998.78.13_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3140", "filesize": "10730894", "filename": "1998.78.13_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.13/1998.78.13_full.tif", "width": "5336", "height": "4928", "filesize": "78919680", "filename": "1998.78.13_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:12:07", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.13/1998.78.13_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "997", "height": "893", "filesize": "727216" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.13/1998.78.13_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3044", "filesize": "7911126" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.13/1998.78.13_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6211", "height": "5560", "filesize": "103620548" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160728, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Daochang \u9053\u5834\u5c71", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Daochang" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.297000" }, { "id": 160738, "accession_number": "1998.78.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Yutai Peak (Jade Terrace Peak) (\u7389\u81fa\u5cf0), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.6", "current_location": null, "title": "Yutai Peak (Jade Terrace Peak)", "title_in_original_language": "\u7389\u81fa\u5cf0", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-23T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477686" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.6-yutai-peak-jade-terr" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Jade-terrace Peak", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Yutai Peak (Jade Terrace Peak) \u7389\u81fa\u5cf0", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Yutai Peak (Jade Terrace Peak)" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.388000" }, { "id": 160736, "accession_number": "1998.78.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Mt. Biyan (Green Cliff) (\u58c1\u5dd6\u5c71), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.4", "current_location": null, "title": "Mt. Biyan (Green Cliff)", "title_in_original_language": "\u58c1\u5dd6\u5c71", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "\u78a7\u5dd6\u5c71\uff1a\u5c71\u591a\u53e4\u6728\uff0c\u5bfa\u85cf\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u4eca\u70ba\u4eba\u4fb5\u4f10\u6b86\u76e1\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u8352\u5ee2\uff0c\u904a\u8005\u9bae\u77e3\u3002\u7136\u5dba\u5d16\u98db\u7011\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e1b\u6e05\u81f4\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Leaf 16. Mt. Biyan: This mountain used to have a primeval forest, with a temple hidden within it. Now, those primeval forests have been wantonly and completely cut down. Consequently, with its devastated look, few travelers are coming. Still, with its peaks, cliffs, and waterfall, there is no lack of scenic beauty.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This album of landscape paintings depicts the famous scenic areas located in and around the city of Wuxing in southeastern China. These places were all known for their natural beauty, but in addition, a number were distinguished by their links to eminent historical figures and events. The artist, Song Xu, was not a native of Wuxing, but must have visited it when he accepted the commission, for he carefully depicted all eighteen views and wrote comments on each of them.

Song's gazetteer-like notation on this leaf reads:
Green Cliff Mountain used to have a primeval forest, with a temple hidden within it. Now, those primeval forests have been wantonly and completely cut down. Consequently, with its devastated look, few travelers are coming. Still, with its peaks, cliffs, waterfall, there is no lack of scenic beauty.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477681" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.4-mt-biyan-green-cliff" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.4", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.4/1998.78.4_web.jpg", "width": "968", "height": "893", "filesize": "769057", "filename": "1998.78.4_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.4/1998.78.4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3137", "filesize": "10364001", "filename": "1998.78.4_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.4/1998.78.4_full.tif", "width": "5340", "height": "4928", "filesize": "78978708", "filename": "1998.78.4_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-12T15:51:33", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.4/1998.78.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "948", "height": "893", "filesize": "714720" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.4/1998.78.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3202", "filesize": "8296232" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.4/1998.78.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6235", "height": "5872", "filesize": "109856828" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160736, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Biyan (Verdant Cliff)", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Biyan (Green Cliff) \u58c1\u5dd6\u5c71", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Biyan (Green Cliff)" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.373000" }, { "id": 160741, "accession_number": "1998.78.9", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Hexi (\u5408\u6eaa), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.9", "current_location": null, "title": "Hexi", "title_in_original_language": "\u5408\u6eaa", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10-April 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-10T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477699" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.9-hexi" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: The Town of Hexi (Confluence of Streams}", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Hexi \u5408\u6eaa", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Hexi" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.409000" }, { "id": 160735, "accession_number": "1998.78.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Mt. Wuzhan (\u70cf\u77bb\u5c71), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Mt. Wuzhan", "title_in_original_language": "\u70cf\u77bb\u5c71", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477674" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.3-mt-wuzhan" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Wuzhan" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.365000" }, { "id": 160731, "accession_number": "1998.78.16", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Mt. Changchao (\u9577\u8d85\u5c71), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.16", "current_location": null, "title": "Mt. Changchao", "title_in_original_language": "\u9577\u8d85\u5c71", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [ { "description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 27, 2003-March 10, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-27T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477661" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.16-mt-changchao" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. Changchao \u9577\u8d85\u5c71", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Mt. 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Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.8", "current_location": null, "title": "Fushan Monastery", "title_in_original_language": "\u798f\u5c71\u9662", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477692" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.8-fushan-monastery" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287\u2013295", "url": null }, { "citation": "Wu, Jiang. \u201cJiangnan Buddhism in Time and Space.\u201d In China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta, edited by Clarissa Von Spee, 72-77. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 76, fig. 42", "url": "" } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.8", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.8/1998.78.8_web.jpg", "width": "965", "height": "893", "filesize": "753581", "filename": "1998.78.8_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.8/1998.78.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3146", "filesize": "11110710", "filename": "1998.78.8_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.8/1998.78.8_full.tif", "width": "5316", "height": "4920", "filesize": "78496404", "filename": "1998.78.8_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:31:22", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.8/1998.78.8_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "997", "height": "893", "filesize": "722745" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.8/1998.78.8_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3045", "filesize": "8029365" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.8/1998.78.8_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "5632", "filesize": "106263116" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160740, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Fushan Monastery", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Fushan Monastery (Chan Monastery at Fushan) \u798f\u5c71\u9662", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Fushan Monastery (Chan Monastery at Fushan)" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.402000" }, { "id": 160727, "accession_number": "1998.78.12", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Xianding (Immortal's Peak) (\u4ed9\u9802), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.12", "current_location": null, "title": "Xianding (Immortal's Peak)", "title_in_original_language": "\u4ed9\u9802", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477653" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.12-xianding-immortal-s" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.12", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.12/1998.78.12_web.jpg", "width": "961", "height": "893", "filesize": "810956", "filename": "1998.78.12_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.12/1998.78.12_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3158", "filesize": "10924122", "filename": "1998.78.12_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.12/1998.78.12_full.tif", "width": "5284", "height": "4908", "filesize": "77834740", "filename": "1998.78.12_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:11:53", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.12/1998.78.12_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "987", "height": "893", "filesize": "787049" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.12/1998.78.12_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3077", "filesize": "8372567" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.12/1998.78.12_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6179", "height": "5592", "filesize": "103679972" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160727, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Xianding (Immortal's Peak) \u4ed9\u9802", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Immortal Peak", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Xianding (Immortal's Peak)" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.290000" }, { "id": 160733, "accession_number": "1998.78.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou (\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716): Xiaomei (\u5c0f\u6885), c. 1588. Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606). Album leaf; ink and color on silk; sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1998.78.18", "current_location": null, "title": "Xiaomei", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c0f\u6885", "series": "Eighteen Views of Huzhou", "series_in_original_language": "\u6e56\u5dde\u5341\u516b\u666f\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1588", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1593, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Jiaxing, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "Album leaf; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.4 x 28.4 cm (10 3/8 x 11 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "sheet": { "height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.284, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": { "current": [], "legacy": [] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By the 1500s, visits to historic and scenic sites in the lower Yangzi delta stimulated an increase of printed illustrated travel books. Topographical depictions of local scenery flourished.

Leaves from this album illustrates sites around Lake Tai of the two adjacent counties Changxing and Wuxing (modern Huzhou). Song Xu, who lived intermittently in Jiaxing and Songjiang, must have passed through Wuxing by boat and thus knew the region.

The paintings are inscribed with gazetteerlike notations, suggesting that the album was produced for clients as commemorative works, a travel guide, or for \u201carmchair travel\u201d (woyou) in one\u2019s mind.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477668" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.78.18-xiaomei" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 287-295", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.78.18", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.18/1998.78.18_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "709617", "filename": "1998.78.18_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.18/1998.78.18_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3141", "filesize": "11077342", "filename": "1998.78.18_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.78.18/1998.78.18_full.tif", "width": "5308", "height": "4904", "filesize": "78121904", "filename": "1998.78.18_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-10T18:13:13", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.18/1998.78.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1003", "height": "893", "filesize": "680501" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.18/1998.78.18_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3028", "filesize": "7871094" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.78.18/1998.78.18_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "5600", "filesize": "105659468" } } ], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160733, "creators": [ { "id": 22954, "description": "Song Xu (Chinese, 1525-c. 1606)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Song Xu (\u5b8b\u65ed, 1525\u2013c. 1606), was a versatile Chinese painter active in northern Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces. He was skilled in landscapes, boundary paintings (\u754c\u756b, paintings of architecture), figure painting, and Buddhist painting. Although born a commoner, he also cultivated the literati arts of poetry and calligraphy. He studied Chan Buddhism and eventually became a Buddhist priest himself.", "name_in_original_language": "\u5b8b\u65ed", "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1606", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1588", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1998.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: The Village of Xiaomei", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Xiaomei \u5c0f\u6885", "Eighteen Views of Wuxing: Xiaomei" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.348000" }, { "id": 135595, "accession_number": "1959.138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nine Songs (\u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716), 1361. Zhang Wo (Chinese, active c.1336\u2013after 1364), calligraphy by Chu Huan (Chinese, active 1361). Handscroll; ink on paper; overall: 28 x 438.2 cm (11 x 172 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1959.138", "current_location": null, "title": "Nine Songs", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716", "creation_date": "1361", "creation_date_earliest": 1361, "creation_date_latest": 1361, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)" ], "technique": "handscroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 28 x 438.2 cm (11 x 172 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": { "overall": { "height": 0.28, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 4.382, "width_inch": 172, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "7 colophons and 47 seals: 1 colophon, dated 1361, and 28 seals of Chu Huan \u891a\u5950 (active c. 1361); 1 colophon, dated 1785, and 1 seal of Lu Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316 (1714-1779); 2 seals of Lu Y\u00fc-ch'ing (18th c.); 1 colophon, dated 1935, of Ye Gongchuo \u8449\u606d\u7dbd (1881-1968); 1 colophon, dated 1935, of Wu Hufan \u5433\u6e56\u5e06(1894\u20131968); 1 colophon, dated 1938, and 1 seal of Wang Tongyu \u738b\u540c\u6108 (1856-1941); 1 colophon, dated 1941, of Wu Huayuan \u5433\u83ef\u6e90 (1893-1972); 1 colophon, dated 1942, and 9 seals of Xu Bangda \u5f90\u90a6\u9054 (1911\u20132012); 1 colophon, dated 1942, of Lang Jingshan \u90ce\u975c\u5c71 (1892-1995); 1 colophon, dated 1944, of Tang Yun \u5510\u96f2 (1910-1993); 6 seals of Wang Jiqian [C.C. Wang] \u738b\u5b63\u9077 (1907\u20132003).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Text of The Nine Songs written by Chu Huan at the end of each section.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "\u53f3\uf9ea\u9a37\u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716\uff0c\u5b8b\uf9c4\u6e9f\u5c45\u58eb\uf9e1\u516c\u672c\uff0c\u6dee\u5357\u5f35\u6e25\u53d4\u539a\u6240\u756b\u5999\u7d55\u7576\u4e16\u3002\u5bb6\u85cf\u8acb\u4e88\u66f8\u5176\u8fad\u76ee\uf9fc\u4e8e\u5de6\u3002\u81f3\u6b63\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\uf98e\u8f9b\u919c\u4e09\u6708\u65e6\u6cb3\u5357\u891a\u5950\u8a18\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Colophon and 3 seals by Chu Huan \u891a\u5950: \n\nIn the foregoing is The Nine Songs from Li-sao based on the original of Long ming ju shi [Li Gonglin] and painted by Zhang Wo, t. Shuhou of Huainan. The painting is a wonder unsurpassed in our time. It has been in the family collection of ... who has asked me to write the text. I therefore recorded this as above. Noted by Chu Huan of Henan on the first day of the third month of the xin chou year, the twenty-first year of the Zhizheng era [1361]. \n\n[3 seals] Chu Huan; Shi wen fu yin; Shi xue zhai.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon by Lu Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316 (1714\u20131789): \n\nThis scroll is fortunate to have been handed down from collections of the right people. Now, after 500 years, its condition is as good as when it was painted. I acquired this from Mr. Shen Guiyu [1673-1769], the President of the Board of Rites. The label is in his handwriting when he was 95 years old. I submit that Chu Huan (t. Shiwen) of the Yuan Dynasty was a native of Qiantang. His \"seal\" and li writings are in the style of Wu Rui. For example, in [Chu Kuei's] Ming ji lu [A list of masterpieces] is recorded the stele commemorating the restoration of the prefectural school of Kun-shan, the text of which was composed by Yang Weizhen in the twenty-first year of Zhizheng [1361]; and the calligraphy as well as the title in li style was by Chu Huan, who was at that time an assistant judge of the prefecture of Haining in the circuit of Hangzhou. Zhang Wo's zi is Shuhou (\u53d4\u539a). His literary name is Zhen Qisheng (\u8d1e\u671f\u751f). According to [Gu Ying's] Yu shan cao tang ya jii, he liked to paint in the bai-miao or the \"pure delineation\" style after the method of Li Longmian [Li Gonglin \u674e\u516c\u9e9f], which finds no peer among the ancient masters. This is agreed upon [by Pei Ch'iung] in his Qing jiang zhi who praised [Zhang Wo] as being quite learned and well-versed in many branches of the arts, especially figure painting. Recorded by Lu Shihua [The mountain dweller], listening to the pine, in the twelfth month of the yisi year [1785].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00" }, { "id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "The Colors of Ink. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00" }, { "id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00" }, { "id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00" }, { "id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00" }, { "id": 199339, "title": "Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (1904\u20131965)", "description": "Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (1904\u20131965). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 16, 2011-January 8, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-16T00:00:00" }, { "id": 231365, "title": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections", "description": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China (organizer) (November 1, 2012-January 3, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Chiao-y\u00fc-pu. [Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji = \u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanking Art Gallery, Nanjing, China (April 1-23, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-04-01T05:00:00Z" }, { "description": "Mostra D'arte Cinese. Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy (1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Chinese Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 24, 1968)", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T00:00:00" }, { "description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 27, 2003-March 10, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-27T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "Shen Deqian \u6c88\u5fb7\u6f5b [1673\u20131769]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "Lu Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316 [1714\u20131789]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2 }, { "description": "Lin of Ningbo \u56db\u660e\u6797\u6c0f [early 20th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3 }, { "description": "Xu Maoxun \u5f90\u61cb\u52f3 [late 19th\u201320th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4 }, { "description": "Xu Bangda \u5f90\u90a6\u9054 [1911\u20132012]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937\u20131940s", "sortorder": 5 }, { "description": "(C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 [1907\u20132003], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 6 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959\u2013", "sortorder": 7 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Divided into eleven sections, the scroll contains illustrations by painter Zhang Wu followed by a transcription of the relevant verse by calligrapher Chu Huan.", "description": "Painted in the baimiao, or fine-line drawing style, this ancient work demonstrates the literati\u2019s use of abstract calligraphic brushwork for self-expression. The subject of the \u201cNine Songs\u201d\u2014songs associated with shamanistic rituals in the ancient Chu kingdom\u2014had traditionally provided artists with myths and legends that they could explore and reinterpret in their own works.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465182" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.138-nine-songs" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Lu, Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316. Wu Yue suo jian shu hua lu: 6 juan \u5433\u8d8a\u6240\u898b\u66f8\u756b\u9304 : \u516d\u5377. Shunde: Teng shi, 1910.", "page_number": "ch. 3, pp. 6(a)-6(b).", "url": null }, { "citation": "Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji [\u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. [Nanjing?]: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1937.", "page_number": "Vol. 1, cat. no. 75", "url": null }, { "citation": "Dubosc, Jean Pierre, and Alberto Giuganino. Mostra D'arte Cinese: Catalogo = Exhibition of Chinese Art: Catalogue. Venezia: Alfieri Editore, 1954.", "page_number": "cat. no. 785", "url": null }, { "citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: IV, 36; VI, pls. 44, 45; VII, Lists, 100", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chen, Rentao \u9673\u4ec1\u6fe4 [J.D. Chen]. Gu gong yi yi shu hua mu jiao zhu \u6545\u5bae\u5df2\u4f5a\u66f8\u756b\u76ee\u6821\u6ce8. Hong Kong: Dongnan shu ju, 1956.", "page_number": "p. 14(b)", "url": null }, { "citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 36", "url": null }, { "citation": "Goepper, Roger. The Essence of Chinese Painting. London: Lund Humphries, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 60, 61, 100, 101, pls. 10, 11", "url": null }, { "citation": "Zheng, Zhenduo \u90d1\u632f\u9438. Zhongguo gu dai hui hua xuan ji [\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u7e6a\u756b\u9078\u96c6]. Beijing: Ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 63", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n285" }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "cat. no. 187", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n285" }, { "citation": "Barnhart, Richard M. Survivals, Revivals, and the Classical Tradition of Chinese Figure Painting \u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u7269\u756b\u7684\u907a\u98a8\u8207\u5fa9\u8208\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76. [Taipei]: [National Palace Museum], 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174, fig. 21", "url": null }, { "citation": "Toynbee, Arnold, and Else\u0301 Glahn. Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 15", "url": null }, { "citation": "Kawakami, Kei \u5ddd\u4e0a\u6d87, Teisuke Toda \u6236\u7530\u798e\u4f51, and Toshio Ebine \u6d77\u8001\u6839\u8070\u90ce. Ryo\u0304 Kai, Indara [\u7cb1\u6977\u30fb\u56e0\u9640\u7f85 = Liang Kai, Yintuoluo]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dansha, Sho\u0304wa 50 [1975].", "page_number": "figs. 4-7, supp. pl. 25", "url": null }, { "citation": "Cahill, James. Hills Beyond a River: Chinese Painting of the Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. New York: Weatherhill, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 153, 154, pl. 70", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 346", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n366" }, { "citation": "Oertling, Sewall Jerome. Ting Yu\u0308n-P\u02bceng: A Chinese Artist in the Late Ming Dynasty. PhD dissertation. University of Michigan, 1980.", "page_number": "pp. 170, 180", "url": null }, { "citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 96, pp. 119-122", "url": null }, { "citation": "Williams, Marjorie. Chinese Painting--an Escape from the \"Dusty\" World. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 3", "url": null }, { "citation": "Little, Stephen. Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China : the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3, fig. 3", "url": null }, { "citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \u201cPainting the Poetry of the Natural World.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 279\u2013291.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 280, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160039" }, { "citation": "Sugimura, To\u0304 \u6749\u6751\u68df. Isura\u0304mu \u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128, no. 106", "url": null }, { "citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 76-77", "url": null }, { "citation": "Murray, Julia K. Mirror of Morality: Chinese Narrative Illustration and Confucian Ideology. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, fig. 44", "url": null }, { "citation": "Yang, Kathleen \u694a\u51f1\u7433, and Chi-ch\u02bbien Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077. Through a Chinese connoisseur's eye: private notes of C.C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 309, fig. 22", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chung, Anita, Julia Frances Andrews, Kuiyi Shen, Tamaki Maeda, and Aida Yuen Wong. Chinese art in an age of revolution: Fu Baoshi (1904-1965). Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, fig. 39", "url": null }, { "citation": "Tan, Yvonne. \"Masterpieces of Song and Yuan Paintings from American Collections.\" The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries (Nov 2012): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Collaboration and Commemoration: Cleveland's Masterpieces at the Shanghai Museum.\" Orientations 43:8 (Nov/Dec 2012): 90\u201395.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94-95, fig 5", "url": null }, { "citation": "Shanghai bo wu guan. Han mo hui cui: xi du Meiguo cang Zhongguo Wu dai Song Yuan shu hua zhen pin [\u7ff0\u58a8\u8588\u8403: \u7ec6\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ee3\u5b8b\u5143\u4e66\u753b\u73cd\u54c1 = Masterpieces of early Chinese painting and calligraphy in American collections]. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 44, pp. 397-379", "url": null }, { "citation": "Zhang, Hongxing, Lizhong Ling, Masaaki Itakura, Charles Mason, Shane McCausland, Camille Schmitt, Clarissa von Spee, and Roderick Whitfield. Masterpieces of Chinese Painting, 700-1900. London: V & A Publishing, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105, fig. 48", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 157\u2013163", "url": null }, { "citation": "Lu, Elisabeth A. Jung. Ru jia jing shen yu Nan chao feng liu de jiao hui: Bei Qi shi ke shu fa chuan tong de yuan liu he chuan bo [\u5112\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u5357\u671d\u98a8\u6d41\u7684\u4ea4\u6703 : \u5317\u9f4a\u77f3\u523b\u66f8\u6cd5\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6e90\u6d41\u548c\u50b3\u64ad (550-577) = When Confucian spirit meets Southern elegance: the origins and transmission of calligraphic traditions carved in stone during the Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)]. Hangzhou Shi: Zhejiang ren min mei shu chu ban she, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. II, pp. 360\u2013361, fig. 2.32", "url": "" } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.138", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.138/1959.138_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "36", "filesize": "38395", "filename": "1959.138_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.138/1959.138_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "136", "filesize": "160627", "filename": "1959.138_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.138/1959.138_full.tif", "width": "118100", "height": "4731", "filesize": "1676220948", "filename": "1959.138_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2006-04-06T17:27:51", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1959.138/1959.138_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "447", "height": "900", "filesize": "115734" }, 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Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135595, "creators": [ { "id": 22778, "description": "Zhang Wo (Chinese, active c.1336\u2013after 1364)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u5f35\u6e25", "death_year": "1369", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 }, { "id": 22781, "description": "Chu Huan (Chinese, active 1361)", "extent": "calligraphy by", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u891a\u5950", "birth_year": "1361", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1361, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1361", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Nine Songs \u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716", "Chiu-k'o-t'u: The Nine Songs" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:38.110000" }, { "id": 134789, "accession_number": "1957.358", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Barbarian Royalty Worshiping the Buddha (\u883b\u738b\u79ae\u4f5b\u5716), 900s. Attributed to Zhao Guangfu (Chinese, c. 923\u2013976). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; painting section: 28.6 x 103.5 cm (11 1/4 x 40 3/4 in.); overall with colophon: 28.6 x 667.7 cm (11 1/4 x 262 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Severance and Greta Millikin, 1957.358", "current_location": null, "title": "Barbarian Royalty Worshiping the Buddha", "title_in_original_language": "\u883b\u738b\u79ae\u4f5b\u5716", "creation_date": "900s", "creation_date_earliest": 900, "creation_date_latest": 999, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Northern Song dynasty (960-1127)" ], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting section: 28.6 x 103.5 cm (11 1/4 x 40 3/4 in.); Overall with colophon: 28.6 x 667.7 cm (11 1/4 x 262 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": { "painting section": { "height": 0.286, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.035, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75 }, "overall with colophon": { "height": 0.286, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 6.677, "width_inch": 262, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5165\u4e2d\u570b\u5343\u9918\u5e74\u3002\u6b86\u662f\u5bb6\u6709\u5176\u50cf\u3002\u898b\u4e4b\u8005\u6089\u8d77\u656c\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u7576\u4ee5\u53e4\u4eca\u756b\u624b\u5206\u5225\u4e5f\u3002 \u5b50\u6602 [\u5370]\u8d99\u6c0f\u5b50\u6602", "inscription_translation": "Colophon (postscript) by Zhao Mengfu (1254\u20131322):\nBuddhism has been in China for thousands of years. Consequently, the Buddha\u2019s image can be seen in every household. Those who saw such images would have naturally shown a respectful attitude. Whether it was done by a past master or a modern version is immaterial. [Signature] Zi'ang [seal] Zhao Shi Zi'ang", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "inscription": "Colophon by Guo Bi (1280\u20131335):\nA transcription of \"Zheng fa yan zang ming bing xu\" \u6b63\u6cd5\u773c\u85cf\u9298\u5e77\u5e8f by Wuwei Jushi \u7121\u70ba\u5c45\u58eb.\n\nSignature: Situi Jushi Guo Bi \u601d\u9000\u5c45\u58eb\u90ed\u7540.\n2 seals.", "inscription_translation": "", "inscription_remark": "Guo Bi dedicated his writing to Daoist Wukeliao \u7121\u53ef\u4e86\u9053\u4eba, who was likely the owner of the scroll at the time that Guo transcribed this text. Wukeliao's exact identity is difficult to establish.", "sortorder": 2 }, { "inscription": "Spurious artist's signature: Zhao Guangfu", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3 }, { "inscription": "1 seal of the Li family (Yuan Dynasty)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4 }, { "inscription": "14 seals of Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736\u201395)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 5 }, { "inscription": "1 seal of Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796\u20131820)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 6 }, { "inscription": "1 seal of Xuantong Emperor (r. 1909\u201311)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 7 }, { "inscription": "1 official seal of the Yuan dynasty, \u201cTian li zhi bao \u5929\u66c6\u4e4b\u5bf6\u201d (Treasure of Tianli).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Tianli is the reign of Yuan Emperor Wenzong (r. 1329\u201332).", "sortorder": 8 } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00" }, { "id": 515721, "title": "Man and His World", "description": "Man and His World. Expo 67, Montreal, Canada (organizer) (April 27-October 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-27T05:00:00" }, { "id": 445164, "title": "Chinese Calligraphy", "description": "Chinese Calligraphy. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (September 25-November 7, 1971); The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (January 6-February 6, 1972); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (March 14-May 7, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-09-25T04:00:00" }, { "id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00" }, { "id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 19-August 7, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-07-19T04:00:00Z" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "Daoist Wukeliao \u7121\u53ef\u4e86\u9053\u4eba [1300s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1300s", "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "Yuan imperial collection (seal of Emperor Wenzong, Tianli era [1328\u201330]), Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1328\u201330", "sortorder": 2 }, { "description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperors Qianlong [r. 1736\u20131795], Jiaqing [r. 1796\u20131820], and Xuantong [r. 1909\u20131911]), Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1736\u20131911", "sortorder": 3 }, { "description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 4 }, { "description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1957", "sortorder": 5 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 6 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sixteen \"barbarians\" pay homage to the Buddha, who is seated on a lotus throne with two disciples and two guardians.", "description": "This painting begins on the right with 15 people following a dignified figure wearing headgear with twin pheasant feathers. He extends an incense burner toward the Buddha, who is seated on his lotus throne and flanked by two haloed disciples and two Heavenly Kings. The worshipers\u2019 diverse physical features, regional finery, and religious affiliations suggest the universal appeal of Buddhism.

The imagery was inspired by the foreign envoys who frequently came to the Chinese court to give tribute to the emperor. At the time, all outsiders were considered \u201cbarbarians,\u201d so their presence was seen as acknowledgment of China\u2019s political and cultural power.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517493" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.358-barbarian-royalty-wo" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 852", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n150" }, { "citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 8", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n282" }, { "citation": "National Gallery of Canada, and Expo (International Exhibitions Bureau). Terre Des Hommes: Exposition Internationale Des Beaux-Arts, 28 Avril-27 Octobre 1967 [= Man and His World, International Fine Arts Exhibition, Expo 67, Montreal, Canada, 28 April-27 October 1967]. Montre\u0301al: Expo 67, 1967.", "page_number": "cat. no. 168", "url": null }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "cat. no. 275", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n282" }, { "citation": "Zeng Ecke, Youhe. Chinese Calligraphy. [Philadelphia]: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1971.", "page_number": "cat. no. 36", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 340", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n360" }, { "citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 46, p. 60", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 29\u201333", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.358", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.358/1957.358_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "143", "filesize": "156870", "filename": "1957.358_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.358/1957.358_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "384", "filesize": "1117294", "filename": "1957.358_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.358/1957.358_full.tif", "width": "30168", "height": "3410", "filesize": "308657420", "filename": "1957.358_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2007-07-19T19:30:36", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1957.358/1957.358_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "669", "filesize": "682722" }, "print": { 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1957.358/1957.358_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6580", "height": "3486", "filesize": "68845408" } } ], "creditline": "Gift of Severance and Greta Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134789, "creators": [ { "id": 31469, "description": "Zhao Guangfu (Chinese, c. 923\u2013976)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u8d99\u5149\u8f14", "birth_year": "917", "death_year": "981", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-07-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [ "Barbarian Royalty Worshipping Buddha" ], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:33.329000" }, { "id": 139746, "accession_number": "1963.515", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bamboo, Rocks and Lonely Orchids (\u7af9\u77f3\u5e7d\u862d\u5716), 1271\u20131368. Zhao Mengfu (Chinese, 1254\u20131322). Handscroll; ink on paper; mounted: 52.4 x 1337.7 cm (20 5/8 x 526 5/8 in.); image: 50.9 x 147.8 cm (20 1/16 x 58 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund by exchange, 1963.515", "current_location": null, "title": "Bamboo, Rocks and Lonely Orchids", "title_in_original_language": "\u7af9\u77f3\u5e7d\u862d\u5716", "creation_date": "1271\u20131368", "creation_date_earliest": 1271, "creation_date_latest": 1368, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)" ], "technique": "Handscroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Mounted: 52.4 x 1337.7 cm (20 5/8 x 526 5/8 in.); Image: 50.9 x 147.8 cm (20 1/16 x 58 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "mounted": { "height": 0.524, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 13.377, "width_inch": 526, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625 }, "image": { "height": 0.509, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.478, "width_inch": 58, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "\u7af9\u77f3\u5e7d\u862d", "inscription_translation": "Artist's title: Bamboo, Rocks, and Lonely Orchids.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "\u5b5f\u982b\u70ba\u5584\u592b\u5beb.\n\n[\u5370] \u8d99\u6c0f\u5b50\u6602; [\u5370] \u677e\u96ea\u9f4b; [\u5370] \u5929\u6c34\u90e1\u5716\u66f8\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription and 3 seals [lower left]: \nMengfu wrote [painted] it for Shanfu [Gu Xin's hao].\n\n[seals] Zhao shi Zi'ang; Song xue zhai; Tian shui jun tu shu yin", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "\u53e4\u4eba\u5584\u66f8\u8005\u5fc5\u80fd\u756b\u9ede\u58a8\u4f5c\u8805\uff0c\u4fbf\u81ea\u6709\u751f\u610f\u3002\u677e\u96ea\u7fc1\u862d\u77f3\u8349\u8056\u98db\u5e1b\u7b46\u6cd5\u7686\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf6\u4e5f\u3002\u5b89\u967d\u97d3\u6027 [\u5370]\u660e\u5584", "inscription_translation": "Those ancients who excelled in calligraphy were also always good in painting. Even a random drop of ink, turned into a housefly [like Chang Sheng-yu] would be full of life, befitting the object. These orchids and rocks by the venerable master Songxue embrace both the brush method of the 'running' style as well as the 'flying white' manner in calligraphy. Indeed, it should be treasured. Han Xing of Anyang.\u3000[seal] Ming Shan", "inscription_remark": "Sheet 1. Yuan: colophons 1\u20132 are contemporaries of Zhao Mengfu and Gu Xin; colophons 3\u20135 are friends of Gu Ying, the second known collector.\n \nColophon 1. Han Xing \u97d3\u6027 (1266-1341), a Confucian scholar and teacher active in Shaoxing \u7d39\u8208. Among his many students was Wang Mian (see 1974.26), the master of plum blossoms.", "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 2. Qiu Yuan \u4ec7\u9060 (1247-after 1328), a respected poet during the Song and Yuan periods. He was linked to, among others, Zhao Mengfu and Gao Kegong. Zhao Mengfu painted a version of Nine Songs \u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716 for him, and Gao Kegong dedicated to him a painting titled Mountain Village \u5c71\u6751\u5716 (current whereabouts unknown). His poem here is also preserved in his collected works.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 3. Zheng Yuanyou \u912d\u5143\u7950 (1292-1364), an erudite scholar and teacher of renown, active in Hangzhou and Suzhou. In the 1350s, when Gu Ying\u2019s literary gatherings were at their peak, he was already elderly and participated in a limited way.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 4. Wu Kegong \u5433\u514b\u606d (active mid-1300s), a friend of Gu Ying and Ni Zan \u502a\u74da (1301\u20131374), a major Yuan painter.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 5. Angji \u663b\u5409 (jinshi of 1348), of Western Xia \u897f\u590f origin and a poet of distinction. He wrote an introduction to the painting Literary Gathering at Yushan \u7389\u5c71\u96c5\u96c6\u5716, of which Zhang Wo was the painter", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 2. Yuan: friends of Gu Ying\n \nColophon 6. Wang Zifang \u738b\u5b5c\u65b9 (active mid-1300s), an official who, at the time of his visits to Gu\u3000Ying\u2019s estate, had reached the rank of Minister. He is better known under the name Wang Keju \u738b\u53ef\u77e9.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 7. Ke Jiusi \u67ef\u4e5d\u601d (1290\u20131343), a major official who served in the Kuizhang Pavilion \u594e\u7ae0\u95a3\u3000and as an advisor to Emperor Wenzong in matters of calligraphy and painting.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 8. Yu Li \u4e8e\u7acb (active mid-1300s), a Daoist recluse, poet, and close friend of Gu Ying, so much so that during his visit to Gu Ying\u2019s estate he was given accommodation in a special pavilion. His poem here is also preserved in Gu Ying\u2019s Cao tang ya ji.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "\u81f3\u6b63\u5341\u4e00\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5eff\u516b\u65e5\u7537\u5955\u767e\u62dc\u5807\u89c0 [\u5370] \u8d99\u5955", "inscription_translation": "Zhizheng, eleventh year [1351], tenth moon, twentieth-eighth day [your] son, I, after paying respects, carefully examined [this].\n[seal] Zhao Yi", "inscription_remark": "Sheet 3. Yuan: further friends of Gu Ying\n \nColophon 9. Zhao Yi \u8d99\u5955 (active mid-1300s), the third son of Zhao Mengfu after Zhao Yong \u8d99\u96cd (about 1289\u2013about 1362). His colophon here is dated 1351.", "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 10. Yu Ji \u865e\u96c6 (1272-1398), a major official and literary figure who also served in the Kuizhang Ge. His poem is recorded in his collected works. The poem is one of a set of four inscribed at the request of Wang Huayu \u6c6a\u83ef\u7389 on Orchids and Rock \u862d\u77f3\u5716 by Zhao Mengfu, obviously a different, long lost, painting. Wang Huayu was an official and a collector (jinshi of 1327). Yu Ji\u2019s colophon here was written before 1348 and during his retirement in Linchuan \u81e8\u5ddd, Jiangxi, possibly sent from there. It is possible he had not seen the painting, and his calligraphy here appears to be rather casual and detached, jotting down an old poem without much care, contrary to his earlier practice.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 11. Sun Shi \u5b6b\u6642 (mid-1300s\u2013early 1400s), a native of Yuncheng \u9106\u57ce, Shandong, and a jinshi of 1390. He may have been quite young when paying a visit to the Yushan gatherings in the late 1340s and early 1350s.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 12. Zhang Zhu \u5f35\u7fe5 (1287\u20131368), Qiu Yuan\u2019s disciple and a poet of renown, who enjoyed a belated career in officialdom and was known for his integrity.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 4. Yuan and Ming: further friends of Gu Ying; colophon 17 begins the early Ming sequence.\n \nColophon 13. Zhang Wo \u5f35\u6e25 (active c. 1336-after 1364), a frustrated scholar, a poet, and a painter of landscape and figures. An active participant in Gu Ying\u2019s literary circle, he painted the Literary Gathering at Yushan, a pictorial document of the individuals and activities on Gu Ying\u2019s estate. His rendering of Nine Songs is well known, and one version is in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art (see 1959.138). His poem here is also found in Gu Ying\u2019s Cao tang ya ji, under the entry \u201cti Zhao Hanlin mo lan \u984c\u8d99\u7ff0\u6797\u58a8\u862d\u201d (inscribed on the Ink Orchid by Zhao the Hanlin academician). This is a rare instance of calligraphy as well as signature by the artist.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "\u89c0\u5433\u8208\u516c\u7af9\u77f3\u5e7d\u862d\u5716\u4f7f\u4eba\u9119\u541d\u9813\u6d88\u3002\u5176\u7b46\u52e2\u5f9e\u6a6b\u5929\u771f\u721b\u6fb7\uff0c\u4e00\u51fa\u65bc\u4e8c\u738b\u66f8\u6cd5\u3002\u519d\u4ef2\u745b\u5bf3\u800c\u73a9\u4e4b\u7570\u65bc\u5e38\u54c1\u4e5f\u3002\u81f3\u6b63\u516b\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5929\u53f0\u9673\u57fa\u66f8", "inscription_translation": "On seeing the Bamboo, Rocks, and Lonely Orchids by the Duke from Wuxing [Zhao Mengfu], one feels one is suddenly cleansed of lowly and narrow-minded sentiments. His brush moves so freely at his will, vertically and horizontally [as though meeting no resistance]. It comes so naturally with a disarming flair of naivet\u00e9 and earnestness, as though coming directly from the calligraphies of the Two Wangs [Wang Xizhi and his son, Wang Xianzhi]. No wonder it has been so much more treasured and enjoyed by Zhongying [Gu Dehui, or Gu Ying, 1310-1369] than other ordinary works. Written on the tenth day of the fourth month of the eighth year of Zhizheng [1348]. Chen Ji of Tiantai.", "inscription_remark": "Colophon 14. Chen Ji \u9673\u57fa (d. 1370), a scholar-official with a literary bent who was a close friend of Gu Ying and an active participant in the literary gatherings in the latter\u2019s Yushan retreat. His colophon is dated 1348.", "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 15. Zhang Shen \u5f35\u7d33 (active about 1340\u2013after 1385), a respected calligrapher and participant in Gu Ying\u2019s literary gathering. He resided in Kunshan, the same city where Gu Ying\u2019s estate lies. In the third line of the poem, he mentioned Gu Ying\u2019s hao, \u201cJinsu \u91d1\u7c9f.\u201d This was a name he assumed later in life, after the death of his mother in the year 1356. Thus this inscription must have been written after that date.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 16. Wang Sun \u6c6a\u905c (active mid-14th century), a little-known native of Kuaiji \u6703\u7a3d, who may have been one of the infrequent visitors to Gu Ying\u2019s estate.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 17. Hu Guang \u80e1\u5ee3 (1370-1418) is the first Ming colophon writer on this scroll. He was an official of great power in the court and a trusted advisor of Emperor Chengzu; he served as the Grand Academician of the Hall of Literary Profundity \u6587\u6df5\u95a3\u5927\u5b78\u58eb and Grand Academician of the Left Secretariat of the Heir-Apparent \u5de6\u6625\u574a\u5927\u5b78\u58eb.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 5. Early Ming\n \nColophon 18. Wang Yinshi \u738b\u5c39\u5be6 (active about 1403\u2013about 1424), a native of Siming \u56db\u660e, Zhejiang, and a minor official and calligrapher.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 19. Zhang Yuchu (signed here as \u201cWuwei \u7121 \u70ba\u201d), the forty-third Heavenly Master of the Zhengyi sect of Daoism. A man of erudition, he was also a poet, painter, and calligrapher. A modified version of the poem here was published in his collected works titled Xian quan ji \u5cf4\u6cc9\u96c6. A slight modification in the first line is the only change: \u201cWu xing miao yao nian bing xue zi \u5433\u8208\u7385\u5e74\u6c37\u96ea\u59ff.\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 20. Yao Guangxiao \u59da\u5ee3\u5b5d (1335-1418), a Buddhist monk, scholar, and counselor to Chengzu in his successful attempt at usurpation of the throne. Yao Guangxiao was a controversial figure but wielded enormous power.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 6. Wang Ning alone\n \nColophon 21. Wang Ning \u738b\u5be7 (d. 1411) signed as \u201cQingzhen \u6e05\u771f\u201d in this colophon. One of the three seals reveals his identity as the Yongchun Hou \u6c38\u6625\u4faf [Marquis of Lasting Spring] (appointed 1402), and the husband of Princess Huaiqing \u61f7\u6176\u516c\u4e3b (1328-1398), the sixth daughter of the founder of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang. This colophon postdates 1402.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 7. Mid-Ming\n \nColophon 22. Ou Yi\u2019an \u5340\u6613\u5b89 (active first half of 15th century), unknown", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 23. Chen Lian \u9673\u7489 (1370-1454), a native of Dongguan \u6771\u839e, Guangdong \u5ee3\u6771, and an official admired for his erudition and perspicacity. In view to the known calligraphic style of Chen Lian, this colophon appears to be a transcription and not written by him.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 24. Wei Ji \u9b4f\u9a65 (1374-1471) enjoyed longevity (he lived to the age of ninety-eight) and an extended length of service as an official. A jinshi of 1406, he eventually became the Minister of Personnel in Nanjing \u5357\u4eac\u540f\u90e8\u5c1a\u66f8. The colophon here is dated 1434, when he was invited to view the painting by the Court Musician Mo Zhizhong \u83ab\u81f3\u7fc0, its owner. Again, in view of its calligraphic style, this was not written by him, but is a transcription from the original.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 25: Zhang Yi \u7ae0\u93b0 (active 1462-1473), a Ningbo native and an official with a reputation for courage and integrity.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 8. Further mid-Ming\n \nColophon 26. Yin Zhi \u5c39\u76f4 (1427-1511), a controversial figure in Ming politics in spite of his erudition and high position as the Minister of War \u5175\u90e8\u5c1a\u66f8.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Colophon 27. Zou Yu \u9112\u865e (active 1460-1520; jinshi of 1490), a native of Hangzhou. In 1510, he was appointed Administrative Vice Commissioner in Guangdong.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 9. Xu Shouhe \u5f90\u5b88\u548c alone\n\nColophon 28. Xu Shouhe \u5f90\u5b88\u548c dated his entry in 1629. Since he wrote it in his own studio, The Lesser Qingbi Pavilion \u5c0f\u6e05\u959f, he was likely the owner of the scroll. Xu\u2019s life is not well documented; he was a connoisseur of note during the last years of the Ming dynasty rule. He may have acquired the Cleveland scroll from Wu Ting, whose seals appear here.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null }, { "inscription": "Sheet 10. The mounter\u2019s note.\n\nXu Shudong \u5f90\u66d9\u6771 of Jiaxing \u5609\u8208 made the remounting on the first day of sixth month, 1802.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00" }, { "id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "The Colors of Ink. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00" }, { "id": 444120, "title": "Looking East: Yuan Dynasty Paintings", "description": "Looking East: Yuan Dynasty Paintings. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (September 15-November 6, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-09-15T04:00:00" }, { "id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00" }, { "id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00" }, { "id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00" }, { "id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00" }, { "id": 231365, "title": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections", "description": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China (organizer) (November 1, 2012-January 3, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00" }, { "id": 298005, "title": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 14, 2017-February 5, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-08-14T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T00:00:00" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "Gu Xin \u9867\u4fe1 [1279\u20131353]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "Gu Ying \u9867\u745b [1310\u20131369]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2 }, { "description": "Mo Zhichong \u83ab\u81f3\u7fc0 [1400s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3 }, { "description": "Wu Ting \u5433\u5ef7 [first half of 1600s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4 }, { "description": "Xu Shouhe \u5f90\u5b88\u548c [1600s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5 }, { "description": "Liang Qingbiao \u6881\u6e05\u6a19 [1620\u20131691]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6 }, { "description": "Tang Zuomei \u5510\u4f5c\u6885 [late 1700s\u20131800s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7 }, { "description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131963", "sortorder": 8 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963\u2013", "sortorder": 9 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One of the many inscriptions records that the handscroll was last remounted by Xu Shudong \u5f90\u66d9\u6771 of Jiaxing \u5609\u8208 in 1802.", "description": "Bamboo and orchids are motifs associated with the virtues of the scholar-official. Bamboo that bends but does not break stands for moral integrity, endurance, and loyalty. Wild, fragrant orchids that bloom in the shadow symbolize modesty and the aura of learnedness. Rocks are often considered to be miniature versions of mountains that form the universe. This monochrome ink painting is brushed on paper in a masterfully calligraphic manner. While the rocks are delineated in chalky, dry strokes showing the effect of flying white (feibai), the bamboo and orchids are drawn with a swift brush demonstrating the virtuosity of the artist.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469078" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.515-bamboo-rocks-and-lon" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced\" vol. VI, pl. 22", "url": "" }, { "citation": "\"Oriental Art Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1963.\" Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America 18 (1964): pp. 69-91.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067074" }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 262", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n286" }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "cat. no. 235", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 262", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n286" }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 10", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 346", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n366" }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"River Village: Fisherman's Joy.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Vol. 66, No. 7 (Oct., 1979), p. 271-288.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 271-288, Fig. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159640" }, { "citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 81, pp. 100-101", "url": null }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. The Nature and Significance of the Collection of Liang Ch\u2019ing-Piao. Taipei, Taiwan: Chung-hua ming-kuo, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, no. 156", "url": null }, { "citation": "\u949f\u94f6\u5170\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9274\u85cf\u5bb6\u5370\u9274\u5927\u5168\u300b.\u6c5f\u897f\u7f8e\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008.7.", "page_number": null, "url": null }, { "citation": "Shanghai bo wu guan \u4e0a\u6d77\u535a\u7269\u9928. Han mo hui cui: xi du Meiguo cang Zhongguo Wu dai Song Yuan shu hua zhen pin [\u7ff0\u58a8\u8588\u8403: \u7ec6\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ee3\u5b8b\u5143\u4e66\u753b\u73cd\u54c1 = Masterpieces of early Chinese painting and calligraphy in American collections]. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 48, pp. 447-457", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 102\u2013108", "url": null }, { "citation": "Xie, Zhiliu \u8c22\u7a1a\u67f3. Tang Wu dai Song Yuan ming ji \u5510\u4e94\u4ee3\u5b8b\u5143\u540d\u8ff9. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min chu ban she, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 178\u2013185", "url": null } ], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.515", "images": { "annotation": null, "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.515/1963.515_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "84", "filesize": "22827", "filename": "1963.515_web.jpg" }, "print": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.515/1963.515_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "226", "filesize": "152003", "filename": "1963.515_print.jpg" }, "full": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.515/1963.515_full.tif", "width": "51486", "height": "3428", "filesize": "529518116", "filename": "1963.515_full.tif" } }, "alternate_images": [ { "date_created": "2009-11-12T21:20:31", "annotation": "", "web": { "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.515/1963.515_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "507", "height": "893", "filesize": "231973" }, "print": { "url": 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Severance Fund by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139746, "creators": [ { "id": 22796, "description": "Zhao Mengfu (Chinese, 1254\u20131322)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u8d99\u5b5f\u982b", "birth_year": "1254", "death_year": "1322", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1 } ], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1271, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1271\u20131368", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:04.446000" }, { "id": 142641, "accession_number": "1966.366", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Mountain of Five Cataracts (\u4e94\u6d29\u5c71), c. 1630. Chen Hongshou (Chinese, 1598/99\u20131652). Hanging scroll; ink on silk; painting: 118 x 53 cm (46 7/16 x 20 7/8 in.); overall: 232.4 x 69.7 cm (91 1/2 x 27 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.366", "current_location": null, "title": "The Mountain of Five Cataracts", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e94\u6d29\u5c71", "creation_date": "c. 1630", "creation_date_earliest": 1625, "creation_date_latest": 1635, "artists_tags": [ "male" ], "culture": [ "China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)" ], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 118 x 53 cm (46 7/16 x 20 7/8 in.); Overall: 232.4 x 69.7 cm (91 1/2 x 27 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": { "painting": { "height": 1.18, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.53, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875 }, "overall": { "height": 2.324, "height_inch": 91, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.697, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375 }, "overall with knobs": { "height": 2.324, "height_inch": 91, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.794, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25 } }, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [ { "inscription": "Artist's signature and seal at middle right edge: Hongshou [seal] Zhanghou \n\u6d2a\u7ef6 [\u5370]\u7ae0\u4faf", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "inscription": "Inscription by Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 (1645\u20131704):\n\nThe Mountain of the Five Cataracts is bordered by three prefectures--Wu [Jinhua], Hang [Hangzhou], and Yue [Shaoxing]--and is quite close to Jiyang [Zhuji] in Yue. The landscape there is extraordinary and precipitous, with ridges and peaks standing in circles. Rocks of strange shapes gaze down everywhere, while maple and bamboo provide shade. The water from five pools overflows and is suspended in five steps--that is why it is called \"Five Cataracts.\" Xie Yuanqing [Xie Tiao \u8b1d\u6713, c. 464\u2013499] of the Qi Dynasty gathered medicinal herbs here; Diao Jingchun [Diao yue \u5201\u7d04, 11th century] of the Song Dynasty also visited here; Song Jinhua [Song Lian \u5b8b\u6fc2, 1310\u20131381] and Xu Tianchi [Xu Wei \u5f90\u6e2d, 1521\u20131593] both wrote travel notes about the place; and Chen Hongshou painted here. His mountains are done in the style of the Six Dynasties masters; the trees are after those of Dong Beiyuan [\u8463\u6e90 Dong Yuan, active during the Five Dynasties]--the painting seems to be richly imbued with the primeval spirit. Xu Wei said that the grotto is unique for the shade (yin) and the five cataracts unusual for the sun (yang). There are seventy-two peaks, with a ravine between two cliffs. At times they are bright and at other times, gloomy; sometimes they seem to be open, sometimes closed, yet often border uniquely between shady (yin) and sunny (yang). Zhanghou [Chen Hongshou] really succeeded in capturing that spirit. \n\nAs a young man indulgently boating through Shanyin [Shaoxing],/\nI became familiar with the beauty of the Five Cataracts./\nThe cold streams, when level, become pools clear as crystal./\nPouring foam mingled with flying waterfall,/\nIts shapes constantly changing./\nWater would flow downward without a sound,/\nOr become raging billows emitting echoes./\nSometimes the wind from the sky would wail,/\nThe green forest during the day would turn dark./\nSometimes it was dangerous and difficult to ascend,/\nFor the moss was slippery on the stone steps in those precipitous cliffs./\nAfter reading the travel notes of Sung [Lian] and Xu [Wei],/\nI'm afraid their descriptions are incomplete. /\nYet when Laolian [Chen Hongshou] was seized with the inspiration to paint,/\nHis brush and ink moved with exhilaration./\nIt is as if mists have risen/\nFrom a hot cooking pot, gradually opened./\nBy hanging this on a plain wall,/\nOne can clearly listen to the quiet night./\nAt the end of the year, ice and snow are deep;/\nThe cold air in the quiet studio is frozen./\nNear the fireplace, I make with it a silent, spiritual acquaintance/\nBurning incense and striking a lucid qing [stone chime].\n\nOn the eighteenth day of the twelfth month in the jimao year of the Kangxi era [1699]. Jiangcun, Gao Shiqi. Zhuchuang inscribed this at Zhe in the Lan Jing studio. It was the third day after the beginning of spring. \n\n\ntrans. LYSL/HK/WKH", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2 }, { "inscription": "Collector's inscription by Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 (1645\u20131704), one column in standard script at the lower left corner: \u4fe1\u5929\u5de2\u79d8\u85cf", "inscription_translation": "Xin Tian Chao Bicang", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3 }, { "inscription": "5 seals of Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 (1645\u20131704):\n\u7af9\u7a97 Zhu Chuang; \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 Gao Shiqi; \u6fb9\u4eba Danren; \u7c21\u975c\u9f4b Jian Jing Zhai (Gao Shiqi's studio; at the upper left corner); \u9ad8\u6c0f\u6c5f\u6751\u8349\u5802\u73cd\u85cf\u66f8\u756b\u4e4b\u5370 Gaoshi Jiangcun Caotang Zhencang shuhua zhi yin (at the lower left corner).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4 }, { "inscription": "Two additional seals at the lower left and right corners are undecipherable.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 5 } ], "exhibitions": { "current": [ { "id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00" }, { "id": 445380, "title": "The Restless Landscape: Chinese Painting of the Late Ming Period", "description": "The Restless Landscape: Chinese Painting of the Late Ming Period. University of California, Berkeley. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (organizer) (November 9, 1971-January 2, 1972); Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (February 11-April 2, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-11-09T05:00:00" }, { "id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "The Colors of Ink. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00" }, { "id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00" }, { "id": 286169, "title": "Repentant Monk: Illusion and Disillusion in the Art of Chen Hongshou (1599-1652)", "description": "Repentant Monk: Illusion and Disillusion in the Art of Chen Hongshou (1599-1652). University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, CA (organizer) (October 25, 2017-January 28, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-25T04:00:00" } ], "legacy": [ { "description": "To-So-Gen-Min, II. Tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan (November 24-December 16, 1928).", "opening_date": "1928-11-24T05:00:00Z" }, { "description": "Restless Landscape. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (November 9, 1971-January 2, 1972); Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (February 12-April 2, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-11-09T05:00:00Z" }, { "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z" }, { "description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12, 2003-July 16, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-12T05:00:00Z" }, { "description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 7, 2015-July 7, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-07T05:00:00Z" } ] }, "provenance": [ { "description": "Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 [1644\u20131703]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1 }, { "description": "Guan Mianjun \u95dc\u5195\u921e [1870\u20131933]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2 }, { "description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 3 }, { "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 4 } ], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A unique landscape painting in the existing body of Chen Hongshou\u2019s art, this painting reveals his involvement with the practice of fang (imitation) to achieve creative transformation. Chen acquired the tradition stemming from Dong Yuan of the Five Dynasties, with which he sought an artistic individuality that lends his work an idiosyncratic vision and extraordinary power.", "external_resources": { "wikidata": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469673" ], "internet_archive": [ "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.366-the-mountain-of-five" ] }, "citations": [ { "citation": "Guan, Mianjun \u95dc\u5195\u921e. San qiu ge shu hua lu: 2 juan \u4e09\u79cb\u95a3\u66f8\u756b\u9304: \u4e8c\u5377. [China]: Cangwu Guan shi \u84bc\u68a7\u95dc\u6c0f, Minguo 17 [1928].", "page_number": "Mentioned: volume 1, p. 86a-b", "url": null }, { "citation": "To\u0304 So\u0304 Gen Min meigaten-go\u0304 [\u5510\u5b8b\u5143\u660e\u540d\u753b\u5c55\u53f7]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Asahi Shinbun Hakko\u0304jo, 1928.", "page_number": "373", "url": null }, { "citation": "Ferguson, John C \u798f\u958b\u68ee. Li dai zhu lu hua mu \u6b77\u4ee3\u8457\u9304\u7575\u76ee. Nanjing: Chin-ling University, Zhong guo wen hua yan jiu suo \u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1934.", "page_number": "p. 299(b)", "url": null }, { "citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. A History of Later Chinese Painting. London: The Medici Society, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: II, 47, pl. 159, and I, Lists, 205", "url": null }, { "citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: V, 64, and VI, pl. 315, and VII, Lists, 164", "url": null }, { "citation": "Huang, Yongquan \u9ec4\u6e67\u6cc9. Chen Hongshou nian pu \u9673\u6d2a\u7dac\u5e74\u8b5c. Beijing: Ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1960.", "page_number": "p. 25", "url": null }, { "citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 336; Mentioned: p. 346, no. 158", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183" }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n287" }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Water and the Moon in Chinese and Modern Painting.\" Art international, vol. 14 (1970), no. 1, pp. 47-59.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56, fig. 28", "url": null }, { "citation": "Cahill, James. The Restless Landscape: Chinese Painting of the Late Ming Period. Berkeley: University Art Museum, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null }, { "citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 36", "url": null }, { "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 353", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n373" }, { "citation": "Oertling, Sewall Jerome. Ting Yu\u0308n-P\u02bceng: A Chinese Artist in the Late Ming Dynasty. PhD dissertation. University of Michigan, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 414, fig. 134", "url": null }, { "citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 206, pp. 267\u2013268", "url": null }, { "citation": "Fu, Shen C. Y. and Jan Stuart. Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 14", "url": null }, { "citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 314\u2013320", "url": null }, { "citation": "White, Julia M., ed. Repentant Monk: Illusion and Disillusion in the Art of Chen Hongshou. 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