{"info": {"total": 50, "parameters": {"skip": 0, "limit": 1000, "q": "sword", "dimensions": "1", "select": "accession_number,accession_number_sortable,cover_accession_number,department,gallery,classification_type,department,collection", "search": "sword"}}, "data": [{"id": 100182, "accession_number": "1919.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sword, 1400s. European (unassigned), 15th century. Steel; overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); quillions: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1919.69", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Sword", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["European (unassigned), 15th century"], "technique": "steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); Quillions: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.035}, "quillions": {"width": 0.191}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941) Boston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1919", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: American Art Association, New York, NY, Theodore Offerman sale February 7-8, 1919), lot 427)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although now lost, this sword would have had a scabbard or sheath made of wood covered in leather to protect it from water so it wouldn't rust when not in use.", "description": "The European sword is derived from the ninth-century Viking sword, which consisted of a straight double-edged blade and was suitable for slashing or thrusting. Throughout the medieval period swords became increasingly specialized weapons depending on whether it was intended to be used on horseback or on foot. A knight likely owned several swords according to his needs and preferences. Craftsman sought to achieve the technical superiority that in turn would provide his client with a distinct advantage.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757257"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.69-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>American Art Association. Ancient Arms and Weapons and Accoutrements</em>. 1919.", "page_number": "lot 427", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88, E9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n130"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 110, 172, cat. no. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 128, p. 188", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.69/1919.69_web.jpg", "width": "536", "height": "900", "filesize": "113357", "filename": "1919.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.69/1919.69_print.jpg", "width": "2025", "height": "3400", "filesize": "645704", "filename": "1919.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.69/1919.69_full.tif", "width": "2763", "height": "4640", "filesize": "38483704", "filename": "1919.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-06-25T15:39:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.69/1919.69_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "578", "height": "900", "filesize": "87323"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.69/1919.69_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2183", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1695807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.69/1919.69_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2968", "height": "4623", "filesize": "41185024"}}, {"date_created": "2020-04-02T17:45:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.69/1919.69_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "697", "filesize": "162996"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.69/1919.69_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "1162753"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.69/1919.69_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50621424"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 100182, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-03-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:17.724000"}, {"id": 95900, "accession_number": "1916.1600", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sword, 1400s. Germany (?). Steel; wood and leather grip; overall: 104.2 cm (41 in.); blade: 87.3 cm (34 3/8 in.); quillions: 20.3 cm (8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1600", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Sword", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany (?)"], "technique": "steel; wood and leather grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 104.2 cm (41 in.); Blade: 87.3 cm (34 3/8 in.); Quillions: 20.3 cm (8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.042}, "blade": {"length": 0.873}, "quillions": {"width": 0.203}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. 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Despite their utilitarian purpose, the blacksmith added details to the handles and hilts to make them visually appealing.", "description": "During medieval times, everyday objects carried deep spiritual meanings. The knight's sword was perceived as the noblest of weapons because its shape symbolized the cross on which Christ died.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779781"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1600-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 559", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85, E2; Reproduced: Plate XIX, E2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n124"}, {"citation": "\"Sword.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 11</em>, no. 3 (March 1924): 51-70", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 62-63; Reproduced: P. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 129, p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louis, William Noel, and Daniel H. Weiss.<em> The Book of Kings: Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible.</em> Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. no. 28, p. 93, 187, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 110, 170, cat. no. 163", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1600", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_web.jpg", "width": "428", "height": "900", "filesize": "106174", "filename": "1916.1600_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_print.jpg", "width": "1615", "height": "3400", "filesize": "343127", "filename": "1916.1600_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_full.tif", "width": "5342", "height": "11246", "filesize": "180251880", "filename": "1916.1600_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-04-02T17:45:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "697", "filesize": "162990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "1162747"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50621412"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:08:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1154", "height": "893", "filesize": "553816"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "5947351"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50618212"}}, {"date_created": "2022-04-06T15:14:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "426", "height": "900", "filesize": "106292"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1610", "height": "3400", "filesize": "336280"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5342", "height": "11279", "filesize": "180780804"}}, {"date_created": "2022-04-06T15:44:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "839", "height": "900", "filesize": "163670"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3169", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1256289"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt3_full.tif", "width": "9460", "height": "10148", "filesize": "288025260"}}, {"date_created": "2022-04-06T15:47:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "839", "height": "900", "filesize": "162451"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3169", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1234315"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt4_full.tif", "width": "9460", "height": "10148", "filesize": "288025252"}}, {"date_created": "2022-04-06T15:40:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "889", "height": "900", "filesize": "457643"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1778", "height": "1801", "filesize": "1417540"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt5_full.tif", "width": "1778", "height": "1801", "filesize": "9635084"}}, {"date_created": "2022-04-06T15:50:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "755", "filesize": "352120"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2229", "height": "1869", "filesize": "1608222"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt6_full.tif", "width": "2229", "height": "1869", "filesize": "12524992"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95900, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:36.026000"}, {"id": 102585, "accession_number": "1921.1252", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sword, c. 1400. European, early 15th century. Steel, leather, wire; overall: 85.3 cm (33 9/16 in.); blade: 71.7 cm (28 1/4 in.); quillions: 16.7 cm (6 9/16 in.); grip: 12.7 cm (5 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1921.1252", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1400", "creation_date_earliest": 1395, "creation_date_latest": 1405, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["European, early 15th century"], "technique": "steel, leather, wire", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 85.3 cm (33 9/16 in.); Blade: 71.7 cm (28 1/4 in.); Quillions: 16.7 cm (6 9/16 in.); Grip: 12.7 cm (5 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.853}, "blade": {"length": 0.717}, "quillions": {"width": 0.167}, "grip": {"length": 0.127}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sale: American Art Association, New York, NY, (November 18-19, 1921), lot 240.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921", "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A sword required a different composition of steel than armor; as a result swordsmithing centers of Europe differ from those that specialized in armor.", "description": "The principal weapon of the European knight was his sword, a simple weapon with a broad, two-edged blade, a straight crossguard, and a round pommel or counterweight. The pommel gave the knight full mastery of a perfectly balanced weapon. The basic shape of the sword did not change significantly between 1200 and 1500.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779419"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.1252-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "American Art Association. <em>An Important Collection of Ancient Arms and Armor.</em> 1921.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86, E4; Reproduced: Plate XIX, E4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n126"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no.195, p. 172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 127, p. 188", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.1252", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1252/1921.1252_web.jpg", "width": "493", "height": "900", "filesize": "113497", "filename": "1921.1252_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1252/1921.1252_print.jpg", "width": "1864", "height": "3400", "filesize": "686885", "filename": "1921.1252_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1252/1921.1252_full.tif", "width": "2899", "height": "5288", "filesize": "46012352", "filename": "1921.1252_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:12:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "490", "height": "893", "filesize": "203697"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1864", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3975873"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2899", "height": "5288", "filesize": "46011068"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:10:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1154", "height": "893", "filesize": "553929"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "5946745"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50617796"}}, {"date_created": "2020-04-02T17:45:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "697", "filesize": "163000"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "1162757"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1252/1921.1252_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50621428"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 102585, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-12-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1395, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1400", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:38.985000"}, {"id": 147959, "accession_number": "1974.57", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1780. France, Paris (?), 18th century. Forged steel blade; partially gilt and russet steel hilt; steel wire, leather bands, wood core; overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); blade: 86.1 cm (33 7/8 in.); guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from the Bascom Little Estate, 1974.57", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris (?), 18th century"], "technique": "forged steel blade; partially gilt and russet steel hilt; steel wire, leather bands, wood core", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); Blade: 86.1 cm (33 7/8 in.); Guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.035}, "blade": {"length": 0.861}, "guard": {"width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Bascom Little Estate, Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1974", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1974-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1022.16"], "did_you_know": "The fashion among gentleman for wearing small-swords with everyday attire began to wane by the end of the 1700s with the exception of the military dress sword.", "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740055"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.57-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1974.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 3 (1975).", "page_number": "p. 98, cat. no. 42", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [</em>Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 172; cat. no. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 200, p. 192.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.57", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.57/1974.57_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1974.57_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.57/1974.57_print.jpg", "width": "2599", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1974.57_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.57/1974.57_full.tif", "width": "3665", "height": "4795", "filesize": "", "filename": "1974.57_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": 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""}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-30T19:48:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1248", "height": "893", "filesize": "762928"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2433", "filesize": "5337326"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3578", "filesize": "53697372"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1248", "height": "893", "filesize": "758043"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2433", "filesize": "5030352"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3578", "filesize": "53698804"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-30T19:48:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2715", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5540", "height": "4424", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift from the Bascom Little Estate", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147959, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:25.268000"}, {"id": 95909, "accession_number": "1916.1620", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Executioner's Sword, late 1600s. Germany, late 17th Century. Steel, wood, brass and copper wire; overall: 108.9 cm (42 7/8 in.); blade: 85.7 cm (33 3/4 in.); quillions: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.); grip: 15 cm (5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1620", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Executioner's Sword", "creation_date": "late 1600s", "creation_date_earliest": 1650, "creation_date_latest": 1699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, late 17th Century"], "technique": "steel, wood, brass and copper wire", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 108.9 cm (42 7/8 in.); Blade: 85.7 cm (33 3/4 in.); Quillions: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.); Grip: 15 cm (5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.089}, "blade": {"length": 0.857}, "quillions": {"width": 0.225}, "grip": {"length": 0.15}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Wan ich Das Schwerdt thu auff heben so / Wunch ich Dem armen sunder das Ewege Leben", "inscription_translation": "When I raise this sword, so I wish that this poor sinner will receive eternal life.", "inscription_remark": "On the Blade", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edwin J. Brett (1828-1895), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber, Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The inscription on this sword reads, \"When I raise this sword, so I wish that this poor sinner will receive eternal life.\"", "description": "Execution by decapitation was generally reserved for the nobility during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Although the axe was favored in England, for centuries swords were used throughout Central Europe. The blades were often etched with moralizing inscriptions and designs representing Justice (as here), the gallows, the rack, or the Crucifixion. By the early 1700s swords were no longer primarily used in Europe for executions, but they still functioned as symbols of power. This sword was probably ceremonial for a formal procedure or procession.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740475"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1620-executioner-s-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 4, <em>17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (209) 228", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n192"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 129-130, E97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 112, 171; cat. no. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N<em>. Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 142, p. 189", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1620", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1620/1916.1620_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1620_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1620/1916.1620_print.jpg", "width": "2179", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1620_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1620/1916.1620_full.tif", "width": "2896", "height": "4518", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1620_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "893", "filesize": "251783"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1313", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1563765"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1313", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8069988"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "298919"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2684", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4471990"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3947", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59227596"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "330369"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2684", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4615912"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1620/1916.1620_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3947", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59225180"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95909, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1650, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:40.396000"}, {"id": 95331, "accession_number": "1916.1099", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, 1640\u201360. Germany, Passau (?), 17th century. Steel, wood, steel wire, copper, chiseled shell guard; blade: blued, gilded, pierced and engraved; overall: 104.5 cm (41 1/8 in.); blade: 86 cm (33 7/8 in.); guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1099", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "1640\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1660, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Passau (?), 17th century"], "technique": "steel, wood, steel wire, copper, chiseled shell guard; blade: blued, gilded, pierced and engraved", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 104.5 cm (41 1/8 in.); Blade: 86 cm (33 7/8 in.); Guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.045}, "blade": {"length": 0.86}, "guard": {"width": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat.#221.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This small sword has a veritable panoply of animal imagery. Men ride horses across the crossguard, the horizontal element closest to the blade, and around the pommel, the globular tip of the handle. Mythical animals feature prominently on the guard, the semi-circular piece that covered the knuckles.", "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778553"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1099-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods, London. <em>Choice collection of works of art, mostly of the XVth, XVIth and XVIIth centuries</em>. Mar 8-12, 1898. Lot 268.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, lot 268", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Gurney/page/n38"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 4, <em>17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (221) 240", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n268"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121, E78; Reproduced: Plate XXIX, E78", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n184"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1099", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1099/1916.1099_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1099_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1099/1916.1099_print.jpg", "width": "2721", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1099_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1099/1916.1099_full.tif", "width": "3596", "height": "4494", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1099_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1099/1916.1099_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "285474"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1099/1916.1099_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1920", "filesize": "460969"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1099/1916.1099_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1920", "filesize": "8850612"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95331, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1640\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:07.546000"}, {"id": 147960, "accession_number": "1974.58", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hand-and-a-Half Sword, c.1540\u201380. Germany. Steel; wood, leather, sharkskin grip; overall: 116.8 cm (46 in.); blade: 94.8 cm (37 5/16 in.); quillions: 31 cm (12 3/16 in.); grip: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from the Bascom Little Estate, 1974.58", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Hand-and-a-Half Sword", "creation_date": "c.1540\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1535, "creation_date_latest": 1585, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "steel; wood, leather, sharkskin grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 116.8 cm (46 in.); Blade: 94.8 cm (37 5/16 in.); Quillions: 31 cm (12 3/16 in.); Grip: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.168}, "blade": {"length": 0.948}, "quillions": {"width": 0.31}, "grip": {"length": 0.21}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on blade: CEA", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 401015, "title": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)", "description": "<i>European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)</i>. Birmingham Museum of Art (organizer) (July 1, 1993-July 1, 1995).", "opening_date": "1993-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bascom Little (1910-1965), Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Bascom Little Estate, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-1974", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1974-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "If you are looking for this in the armor court, look up; this sword is part of one of the panoply or decorative arrangements on the wall.", "description": "A hand-and-a-half sword is a large sword with a double-edged blade and a long grip that, when necessary, could accommodate both hands to wield it. The grip of this sword is made of sharkskin and has been fitted around a wooden core. On the blade are two yet to be identified marks.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741707"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.58-hand-and-a-half-swor"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 3 (1975).", "page_number": "p. 98, cat. no. 43", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 200, p. 172", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 133, p. 188", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.58", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.58/1974.58_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1974.58_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.58/1974.58_print.jpg", "width": "2683", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1974.58_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.58/1974.58_full.tif", "width": "3644", "height": "4617", "filesize": "", "filename": "1974.58_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:24:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.58/1974.58_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "252046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.58/1974.58_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2733", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4932101"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.58/1974.58_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3644", "height": "4534", "filesize": "49590188"}}], "creditline": "Gift from the Bascom Little Estate", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 147960, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1535, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1540\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:34.695000"}, {"id": 95327, "accession_number": "1916.1094", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c.1750\u201360. After a design by Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755). Steel, gilt and russeted, copper, wood; overall: 105.4 cm (41 1/2 in.); blade: 87.9 cm (34 5/8 in.); guard: 7.9 cm (3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1094", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c.1750\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "steel, gilt and russeted, copper, wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 105.4 cm (41 1/2 in.); Blade: 87.9 cm (34 5/8 in.); Guard: 7.9 cm (3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.054}, "blade": {"length": 0.879}, "guard": {"width": 0.079}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941) Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although fully functional, this sword was used more for show\u2014a perfect accessory for a fashionable gentleman having his portrait painted.", "description": "The hilt, pommel, and guard of this sword are richly chiseled in low relief against a stippled gold background with animals (dogs, a stag, ducks) that appear to be adapted from paintings by Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686\u20131775). An elegant court sword such as this was an important accessory to a gentleman's attire, yet remained functional\u2014it could be withdrawn for an impromptu duel.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779758"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1094-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no, 491", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, E108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 119, 169; cat. no. 139,", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 196, p. 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1094", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1094/1916.1094_web.jpg", "width": "644", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1094_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1094/1916.1094_print.jpg", "width": "2432", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1094_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1094/1916.1094_full.tif", "width": "3313", "height": "4632", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1094_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "639", "height": "893", "filesize": "270462"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1465", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1758363"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1465", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9004420"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1131", "height": "893", "filesize": "678680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "5656640"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3949", "filesize": "59260560"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1131", "height": "893", "filesize": "680521"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "5435411"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3949", "filesize": "59266772"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5523", "height": "4361", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95327, "creators": [{"id": 1949, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1750\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:42.214000"}, {"id": 97050, "accession_number": "1916.704", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Parade Sword, c. 1500\u20131525. Italy, Ferrara, early 16th Century. Steel, etched and gilded; overall: 101.9 cm (40 1/8 in.); blade: 85.4 cm (33 5/8 in.); quillions: 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.); grip: 11.1 cm (4 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.704", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Parade Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1500\u20131525", "creation_date_earliest": 1495, "creation_date_latest": 1530, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Ferrara, early 16th Century"], "technique": "steel, etched and gilded", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 101.9 cm (40 1/8 in.); Blade: 85.4 cm (33 5/8 in.); Quillions: 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.); Grip: 11.1 cm (4 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.019}, "blade": {"length": 0.854}, "quillions": {"width": 0.175}, "grip": {"width": 0.111}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Ercole dei Fideli", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Richard Zschille (1847-1903), Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ercole dei Fedeli was an Italian goldsmith and master sword engraver; his name appears on this blade.", "description": "This parade sword has a steel blade with etched and gilded bands of decoration. The decoration includes allegorical figures such as dancing satyrs and nymphs, amorini or cupids, and triumphs. The pommel, the rounded knob on the end of the handle, is flat and shaped like a shield; a raised rosette further embellishes it. The quillons or two transverse projecting members forming the cross guard, are flattened and drooping toward the blade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758395"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.704-parade-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 2, <em>16th century</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (95) 98", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour2_201602/page/n421"}, {"citation": "Rudolph Lepke\u2019s Kunst-Auctions-Haus, Berlin. <em>R. Zschille\u2019sche waffensammlung.</em> Mar 21-22, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, lot 61; Reproduced: lot 61", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Zschille/page/n17"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99, E35; Reproduced: Plate XXIII, E35", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n153"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 135, p. 169", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 131, p. 188", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.704", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.704/1916.704_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "900", "filesize": "176476", "filename": "1916.704_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.704/1916.704_print.jpg", "width": "2712", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1744390", "filename": "1916.704_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.704/1916.704_full.tif", "width": "3588", "height": "4498", "filesize": "48440760", "filename": "1916.704_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.704/1916.704_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "344404"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.704/1916.704_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1925", "filesize": "811255"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.704/1916.704_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1925", "filesize": "8873660"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 97050, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500\u20131525", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:27.489000"}, {"id": 95816, "accession_number": "1916.1501", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1770. Germany, 18th century. Steel, gilt-brass, porcelain grip; overall: 90.5 cm (35 5/8 in.); blade: 76.9 cm (30 1/4 in.); grip: 11.3 cm (4 7/16 in.); hilt: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1501", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, gilt-brass, porcelain grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 90.5 cm (35 5/8 in.); Blade: 76.9 cm (30 1/4 in.); Grip: 11.3 cm (4 7/16 in.); Hilt: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.905}, "blade": {"length": 0.769}, "grip": {"width": 0.113}, "hilt": {"width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Small-swords with porcelain grips became fashionable in the mid- to late 1700s and added a colorful splash to male attire.", "description": "The small-sword was a light, quick weapon that emerged during the 18th century. It was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. The porcelain hilt, elaborately decorated, would have been visible even when the sword was sheathed\u2013making this object more an accessory of male attire than a utilitarian weapon.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779293"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 490", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136, E113", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n203"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 120, 170; cat. no. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 198, p. 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1501", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1501/1916.1501_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "900", "filesize": "154880", "filename": "1916.1501_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1501/1916.1501_print.jpg", "width": "2288", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1045326", "filename": "1916.1501_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1501/1916.1501_full.tif", "width": "3187", "height": "4736", "filesize": "45305568", "filename": "1916.1501_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1501/1916.1501_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "893", "filesize": "238516"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1501/1916.1501_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1378", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1457613"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1501/1916.1501_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1378", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8469892"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95816, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:01.998000"}, {"id": 95328, "accession_number": "1916.1095", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Court Sword, c. 1790. England, London or Birmingham, late 18th Century. Steel; silver hilt, polished and faceted; blade partially blued and gilded; overall: 99.7 cm (39 1/4 in.); blade: 82.9 cm (32 5/8 in.); guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1095", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Court Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London or Birmingham, late 18th Century"], "technique": "steel; silver hilt, polished and faceted; blade partially blued and gilded", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 99.7 cm (39 1/4 in.); Blade: 82.9 cm (32 5/8 in.); Guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.997}, "blade": {"length": 0.829}, "guard": {"width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blue color on the blade was achieved by adding heat to the metal.", "description": "The hilt of this sword is finely finished with cut or faceted steel burnished to resemble cut stones. The neoclassical urn shape of the pommel was especially fashionable in England after 1780 up to the turn of the century. The upper portion of this blade is blued and gilded to provide a feel of great luxury. By the end of the 1700s, civilians no longer regularly wore swords nor used them as weapons. The court sword (or \"small\" sword as it was known in England) had become a piece of costume jewelry to be worn only with court dress or by military officers in dress uniform. The hilt and often the upper part of the blade became lavishly decorated as is illustrated by this example.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763123"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1095-court-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. # 487", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, E109", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 122; cat. no. p. 140, p. 169", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 150, p. 190", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1095", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1095/1916.1095_web.jpg", "width": "650", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1095_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1095/1916.1095_print.jpg", "width": "2456", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1095_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1095/1916.1095_full.tif", "width": "3321", "height": "4598", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1095_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1095/1916.1095_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "645", "height": "893", "filesize": "267175"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1095/1916.1095_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1479", "height": "2048", "filesize": "478358"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1095/1916.1095_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1479", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9090436"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95328, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:45.191000"}, {"id": 95329, "accession_number": "1916.1096", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, 1700s. France, 18th century. Steel, copper alloy inlays; wood grip with steel wire; overall: 90.7 cm (35 11/16 in.); blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); quillions: 8.6 cm (3 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1096", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, copper alloy inlays; wood grip with steel wire", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 90.7 cm (35 11/16 in.); Blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); Quillions: 8.6 cm (3 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.907}, "blade": {"length": 0.772}, "quillions": {"width": 0.086}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The banded pattern on the hilt was achieved by carefully winding wire over a wooden core. The result was a handle with a textured surface that improved the user's grip.", "description": "The small-sword was a civilian thrusting weapon customarily worn by well-to-do gentleman in civilian dress during the weapon's heyday in the 1700s, and were later worn on formal or court occasions. They were traditionally suspended at about mid-thigh from the left side of the belt, the gilt exposed through an opening in the gentleman's coat. Since it was highly visible it was subject to lavish decoration with precious materials and fashions came and went. Many were decorated to match personal costume and were truly an emblem of social rank.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778706"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 4, <em>17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (223) 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n280"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123, E82; Reproduced: Plate XXXIII, E82", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n186"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 169; cat. no. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 202, p. 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1096", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1096/1916.1096_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "900", "filesize": "131796", "filename": "1916.1096_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1096/1916.1096_print.jpg", "width": "2528", "height": "3400", "filesize": "945987", "filename": "1916.1096_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1096/1916.1096_full.tif", "width": "3531", "height": "4749", "filesize": "50330016", "filename": "1916.1096_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1096/1916.1096_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "893", "filesize": "243485"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1096/1916.1096_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1523", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1561683"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1096/1916.1096_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1523", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9360772"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95329, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:22.429000"}, {"id": 95907, "accession_number": "1916.1616", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Executioner's Sword, blade dated 1634. Germany. Steel; overall: 98.1 cm (38 5/8 in.); blade: 75.3 cm (29 5/8 in.); quillions: 15.5 cm (6 1/8 in.); grip: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1616", "current_location": null, "title": "Executioner's Sword", "creation_date": "blade dated 1634", "creation_date_earliest": 1634, "creation_date_latest": 1634, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 98.1 cm (38 5/8 in.); Blade: 75.3 cm (29 5/8 in.); Quillions: 15.5 cm (6 1/8 in.); Grip: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.981}, "blade": {"length": 0.753}, "quillions": {"width": 0.155}, "grip": {"length": 0.225}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "VIAT JUSTICIDET VERBUM CARO FACTUM, 1634", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 401015, "title": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)", "description": "<i>European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)</i>. Birmingham Museum of Art (organizer) (July 1, 1993-July 1, 1995).", "opening_date": "1993-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blades of executioner's swords were often decorated with moralistic inscriptions.", "description": "An executioner's sword is specifically designed and balanced for decapitation, not combat. It usually features short quillons or cross guards, as the hands did not need added protection, and a blunt end. In wide use during the 1600s, by the 1700s they were largely out of use except for ceremonial purposes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79478193"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 4, <em>17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (207) 226", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n180"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 115-116, E67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n176"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 164, p. 170", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 141, p. 189", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1616", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1616/1916.1616_web.jpg", "width": "593", "height": "900", "filesize": "117629", "filename": "1916.1616_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1616/1916.1616_print.jpg", "width": "2239", "height": "3400", "filesize": "735864", "filename": "1916.1616_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1616/1916.1616_full.tif", "width": "3049", "height": "4629", "filesize": "42364656", "filename": "1916.1616_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1616/1916.1616_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "893", "filesize": "277971"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1616/1916.1616_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1467", "height": "2048", "filesize": "565707"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1616/1916.1616_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1467", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9016708"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95907, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1634, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "blade dated 1634", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:11.951000"}, {"id": 97041, "accession_number": "1916.696", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Basket-Hilt Broadsword (\"Mortuary Sword\"), hilt: c. 1640\u201350; blade: 1700s. Hilt: England; Blade: Germany, Solingen (?), Hilt: 17th Century; Blade: 18th Century. Steel, chiseled; inlaid gilt- silver foil; wood and wire grip; overall: 101.6 cm (40 in.); blade: 85.2 cm (33 9/16 in.); hilt: 13 cm (5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.696", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Basket-Hilt Broadsword (\"Mortuary Sword\")", "creation_date": "hilt: c. 1640\u201350; blade: 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1635, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Hilt: England; Blade: Germany, Solingen (?), Hilt: 17th Century; Blade: 18th Century"], "technique": "steel, chiseled; inlaid gilt- silver foil; wood and wire grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 101.6 cm (40 in.); Blade: 85.2 cm (33 9/16 in.); Hilt: 13 cm (5 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.016}, "blade": {"length": 0.852}, "hilt": {"width": 0.13}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "ANDRIA FERRARA", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "On the blade.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Thomas Fairfax (1612-1671), Yorkshire, England (purportedly)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sir Cuthbert Sharp (1781-1849), Newcastle, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Prince Augustus Frederick (1773-1843), Duke of Sussex, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "George Francis William Henry Denison (1892-1920), Earl of Londesborough, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Edwin J. Brett (1828-1895), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "S.J. Whawell (1871-1899), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ornate basket hilt which protects the hand, is chiseled with leafy decorative scrollwork and grotesque masks.", "description": "The decoration on this sword's hilt includes an image of King Charles I of England (beheaded in 1649). Because the image resembles the king's death mask, this sword is known as a \"mortuary sword.\" It may have belonged to Sir Thomas Fairfax, a general of the Parliamentary cavalry during the English Civil War (1642-51). Large, double-edged broadswords, designed for heavy cavalry use, were common from the 1600s through the 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761687"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.696-basket-hilt-broadswo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 4, <em>17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (211) 230", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n207"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121-122, E79; Reproduced: Plate XXX, E79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n47"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 105; cat. no. 128, p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen. \"The Armor Court.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>38, no. 7 (September 1998): 4-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-07/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 166, p. 190", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.696", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.696/1916.696_web.jpg", "width": "464", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.696_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.696/1916.696_print.jpg", "width": "1753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.696_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.696/1916.696_full.tif", "width": "2820", "height": "5470", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.696_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "460", "height": "893", "filesize": "208735"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1056", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1257618"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1056", "height": "2048", "filesize": "6490588"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-25T20:21:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "316449"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2740", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5235799"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4029", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60457540"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "339174"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2740", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5383811"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4029", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60455180"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-25T20:21:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2783", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4370", "height": "5339", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-25T20:21:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1097", "height": "893", "filesize": "694794"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2767", "filesize": "6302873"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4069", "filesize": "61059760"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1097", "height": "893", "filesize": "694418"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2767", "filesize": "5967603"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.696/1916.696_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4069", "filesize": "61067732"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97041, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1635, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "hilt: c. 1640\u201350; blade: 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:27.034000"}, {"id": 95796, "accession_number": "1916.1484", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c.1770\u201380. France, 18th century. Steel; chiseled relief decoration; blade engraved; wire grip; overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); blade: 79.2 cm (31 3/16 in.); grip: 13.8 cm (5 7/16 in.); guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1484", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c.1770\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "steel; chiseled relief decoration; blade engraved; wire grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); Blade: 79.2 cm (31 3/16 in.); Grip: 13.8 cm (5 7/16 in.); Guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.97}, "blade": {"length": 0.792}, "grip": {"length": 0.138}, "guard": {"width": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #495.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60777974"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1484-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95796, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1770\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:31.990000"}, {"id": 95800, "accession_number": "1916.1489", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1720\u201360. England, 18th century. Steel; piercing; perforation; overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); blade: 80.5 cm (31 11/16 in.); grip: 12.6 cm (4 15/16 in.); guard: 7.7 cm (3 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1489", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1720\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "steel; piercing; perforation", "support_materials": [{"description": "perforated blade", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); Blade: 80.5 cm (31 11/16 in.); Grip: 12.6 cm (4 15/16 in.); Guard: 7.7 cm (3 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.97}, "blade": {"length": 0.805}, "grip": {"length": 0.126}, "guard": {"width": 0.077}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. 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These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778728"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1489-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 4, <em>17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (218) 237", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n250"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95800, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:50.207000"}, {"id": 95335, "accession_number": "1916.1101", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1700. Italy (?), early 18th Century. Steel, wood, copper wire; overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); blade: 83.7 cm (32 15/16 in.); guard: 10.5 cm (4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1101", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1700", "creation_date_earliest": 1695, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy (?), early 18th Century"], "technique": "steel, wood, copper wire", "support_materials": [{"description": "engraved scrolls on blade", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); Blade: 83.7 cm (32 15/16 in.); Guard: 10.5 cm (4 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.003}, "blade": {"length": 0.837}, "guard": {"width": 0.105}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. # 225", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779108"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 95335, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1695, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:00.785000"}, {"id": 95981, "accession_number": "1916.1715", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sword, c.1550. Italy, 16th century. Steel, hilt russetted, leather grip; overall: 100 cm (39 3/8 in.); blade: 87 cm (34 1/4 in.); quillions: 6.3 cm (2 1/2 in.); grip: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1715", "current_location": null, "title": "Sword", "creation_date": "c.1550", "creation_date_earliest": 1545, "creation_date_latest": 1555, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "steel, hilt russetted, leather grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 100 cm (39 3/8 in.); Blade: 87 cm (34 1/4 in.); Quillions: 6.3 cm (2 1/2 in.); Grip: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.0}, "blade": {"length": 0.87}, "quillions": {"width": 0.063}, "grip": {"length": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson (1843-1929), England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "There are three unidentified marks inlaid on the <em>ricasso</em> or the unsharpened blade just above the guard.", "description": "The hilt of this sword is russeted, a decorative technique popular in France and England that imparts a brownish color to the surface of the metal. It was achieved by a chemical process that involved treating the steel surface with a mild corrosive medium. As an added benefit the process also helps protect against rust.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79478291"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1715-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. #446", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94, E24; Reproduced: Plate XXIII, E24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n141"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 182, p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 130, p. 188", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1715", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1715/1916.1715_web.jpg", "width": "536", "height": "900", "filesize": "112382", "filename": "1916.1715_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1715/1916.1715_print.jpg", "width": "2026", "height": "3400", "filesize": "629417", "filename": "1916.1715_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1715/1916.1715_full.tif", "width": "2646", "height": "4440", "filesize": "35267652", "filename": "1916.1715_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:51:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1715/1916.1715_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "532", "height": "893", "filesize": "274286"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1715/1916.1715_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2026", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5201412"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1715/1916.1715_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2646", "height": "4440", "filesize": "35265956"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95981, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1545, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:55.465000"}, {"id": 95807, "accession_number": "1916.1495", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pillow Sword, c. 1650. Italy, 17th century. Steel, pierced; leather and wood; overall: 93 cm (36 5/8 in.); blade: 77.8 cm (30 5/8 in.); quillions: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1495", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Pillow Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1650", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1655, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "steel, pierced; leather and wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 93 cm (36 5/8 in.); Blade: 77.8 cm (30 5/8 in.); Quillions: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.93}, "blade": {"length": 0.778}, "quillions": {"width": 0.095}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat.# 81.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The \"pillow-sword\" is so-named because of where it was kept. A sword like this one, with a straight blade and relatively simple hilt, would have been suspended above a headboard within arm's reach for bedside defense should an intruder attack while the household was asleep and vulnerable.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762489"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour.</em> Vol. 2, <em>16th century. </em>[Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (81) 83", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour2_201602/page/n322"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 115, E66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n176"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1495", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1495/1916.1495_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "141727", "filename": "1916.1495_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1495/1916.1495_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "928962", "filename": "1916.1495_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1495/1916.1495_full.tif", "width": "3535", "height": "4458", "filesize": "47301148", "filename": "1916.1495_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1495/1916.1495_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "249246"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1495/1916.1495_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1937", "filesize": "401314"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1495/1916.1495_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1937", "filesize": "8928980"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 95807, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1650", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:28.130000"}, {"id": 95806, "accession_number": "1916.1494", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1730. Italy, 18th century. Steel, iron, copper wire, wood; overall: 95.2 cm (37 1/2 in.); blade: 78.8 cm (31 in.); guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1494", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, iron, copper wire, wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 95.2 cm (37 1/2 in.); Blade: 78.8 cm (31 in.); Guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.952}, "blade": {"length": 0.788}, "guard": {"width": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "AMOR VINCIT OMNIA", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #492.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780095"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131, E101", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n198"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1494", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1494/1916.1494_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1494_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1494/1916.1494_print.jpg", "width": "2707", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1494_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1494/1916.1494_full.tif", "width": "3540", "height": "4447", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1494_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1494/1916.1494_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "279523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1494/1916.1494_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1930", "filesize": "489976"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1494/1916.1494_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1930", "filesize": "8896708"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 95806, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:23.383000"}, {"id": 95810, "accession_number": "1916.1498", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rapier, c. 1630\u201350. Germany. Steel; blued, gilded, and perforated blade; overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); blade: 86.5 cm (34 1/16 in.); quillions: 13 cm (5 1/8 in.); grip: 12.3 cm (4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1498", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Rapier", "creation_date": "c. 1630\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1625, "creation_date_latest": 1655, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "steel; blued, gilded, and perforated blade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); Blade: 86.5 cm (34 1/16 in.); Quillions: 13 cm (5 1/8 in.); Grip: 12.3 cm (4 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.003}, "blade": {"length": 0.865}, "quillions": {"width": 0.13}, "grip": {"width": 0.123}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #485.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The rapier was a sword worn with civilian dress and used in duels. The term rapier derives from a 16th-century French word rapi\u00e8re, which in turn derived from the Spanish espada ropera, or \u201cdress sword.\u201d The rapier was a light weapon with a straight double-edged and pointed blade that, with the development of the art of fencing in the 1500s and 1600s, gradually became narrower and lighter, and thus suitable for thrusts only. With the new technique of swordplay emphasizing the point of the blade, sword guards became more complex to protect the duelist\u2019s unarmored hand. These elaborate guards were frequently decorated by various techniques\u2014chiseling, bluing, russeting, and damascening.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778504"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1498-rapier"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126, E88; Reproduced: Plate XXXII, E88", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n189"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1498", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1498/1916.1498_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "900", "filesize": "177215", "filename": "1916.1498_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1498/1916.1498_print.jpg", "width": "2700", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1635443", "filename": "1916.1498_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1498/1916.1498_full.tif", "width": "3269", "height": "4116", "filesize": "40390324", "filename": "1916.1498_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1498/1916.1498_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "893", "filesize": "328728"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1498/1916.1498_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1934", "filesize": "1862037"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1498/1916.1498_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1934", "filesize": "8915148"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95810, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1625, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1630\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:21.729000"}, {"id": 95326, "accession_number": "1916.1093", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c.1650\u201360. Netherlands. Steel, wood, copper wire; chiseled hilt; engraved blade; overall: 95.3 cm (37 1/2 in.); blade: 78 cm (30 11/16 in.); grip: 11.8 cm (4 5/8 in.); guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1093", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c.1650\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1665, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "steel, wood, copper wire; chiseled hilt; engraved blade", "support_materials": [{"description": "chiseled pommel", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 95.3 cm (37 1/2 in.); Blade: 78 cm (30 11/16 in.); Grip: 11.8 cm (4 5/8 in.); Guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.953}, "blade": {"length": 0.78}, "grip": {"width": 0.118}, "guard": {"length": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #472.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Despite its small size the hilt and handle of this sword include numerous details, both figurative and geometric. Look for men on horseback, nude women, and a battle scene.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779743"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1093-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127-128, E92", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n192"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1093", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1093/1916.1093_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1093_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1093/1916.1093_print.jpg", "width": "2704", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1093_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1093/1916.1093_full.tif", "width": "3601", "height": "4528", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1093_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1093/1916.1093_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "304085"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1093/1916.1093_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1931", "filesize": "1700801"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1093/1916.1093_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1931", "filesize": "8901324"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95326, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1650\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:10.403000"}, {"id": 162192, "accession_number": "2002.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small-Sword, c. 1790\u20131800. Switzerland, Geneva(?) (blade: Germany, Solingen, early 18th c.), late 18th Century. Hilt:  gold with blue translucent enamel;   blade:  etched, blued and gilded steel; overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); blade: 81 cm (31 7/8 in.); hilt: 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2002.1", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small-Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Switzerland, Geneva(?) (blade: Germany, Solingen, early 18th c.), late 18th Century"], "technique": "hilt:  gold with blue translucent enamel;   blade:  etched, blued and gilded steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); Blade: 81 cm (31 7/8 in.); Hilt: 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.97}, "blade": {"length": 0.81}, "hilt": {"length": 0.165}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marshall M. Fredericks Coll.; Peter Finer, Warwickshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This example shows the small-sword at its latest and most refined stage of development. Though highly reflective of French taste, it was probably fashioned in a Swiss workshop under French influence or by a French craftsman working in Switzerland. Worn publicly as an emblem of social rank, this sword was likely custom-made for an affluent individual to use on formal or court occasions. So-called because of its short blade, the small-sword emerged as the light and quick weapon of choice for aristocratic civilians during the 1700s. Such a sword was traditionally suspended at about mid-thigh from the left side of a belt, the hilt exposed through the opening of the gentleman's coat. Highly visible, the hilt invited lavish decoration through precious materials such as gold and enamels, as seen here. Considered a type of masculine jewelry at that time, small-swords featured a variety of hilt styles that went in and out of fashion. Many were decorated to match personal costume, and jewelers worked on the finest small-swords of the day.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752824"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2002.1-small-sword"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.1/2002.1_web.jpg", "width": "343", "height": "900", "filesize": "41271", "filename": "2002.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.1/2002.1_print.jpg", "width": "1297", "height": "3400", "filesize": "298669", "filename": "2002.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.1/2002.1_full.tif", "width": "2524", "height": "6616", "filesize": "50118224", "filename": "2002.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-11-12T18:20:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": 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"7056", "filesize": "111534096"}}, {"date_created": "2015-10-27T13:46:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "900", "filesize": "87694"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2356", "height": "3400", "filesize": "837369"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4889", "height": "7056", "filesize": "103513580"}}, {"date_created": "2009-11-12T18:20:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "900", "filesize": "295498"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2938", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6625195"}, "full": {"url": 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"height": "3400", "filesize": "7005278"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt7_full.tif", "width": "6112", "height": "7072", "filesize": "129693264"}}, {"date_created": "2015-10-27T13:46:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "900", "filesize": "344185"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2938", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2884077"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.1/2002.1_alt8_full.tif", "width": "6112", "height": "7072", "filesize": "129701960"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162192, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:34.471000"}, {"id": 97110, "accession_number": "1916.752", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sword (Kampilan), before 1916. Philippines, Mindanao. Blade: forged steel; handle: wood with braided cane cord; overall: 95.3 x 14.2 cm (37 1/2 x 5 9/16 in.); blade: 71.6 x 4.6 cm (28 3/16 x 1 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1916.752", "current_location": null, "title": "Sword (Kampilan)", "creation_date": "before 1916", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1916, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Philippines, Mindanao"], "technique": "Blade: forged steel; handle: wood with braided cane cord", "support_materials": [], "department": "Oceania", "collection": "Oceanic Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 95.3 x 14.2 cm (37 1/2 x 5 9/16 in.); Blade: 71.6 x 4.6 cm (28 3/16 x 1 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.953, "width": 0.142}, "blade": {"height": 0.716, "width": 0.046}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The <em>kampilan</em> was both a functional weapon and a symbol of warrior status.", "description": "This sword features a long, straight, single-edged steel blade that widens near the tip. The hilt is carved from dark hardwood and takes the shape of a stylized zoomorphic figure, possibly a bird, <em>buwaya</em> (crocodile), or <em>naga</em>. The materials, carving style, and blade form correspond to <em>kampilan</em>-type swords made among the Maranao and Maguindanao people of northern and central Mindanao.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79481239"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.752-sword-kampilan"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.752", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.752/1916.752_web.jpg", "width": "392", "height": "900", "filesize": "107643", "filename": "1916.752_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.752/1916.752_print.jpg", "width": "1479", "height": "3400", "filesize": "356469", "filename": "1916.752_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.752/1916.752_full.tif", "width": "5644", "height": "12979", "filesize": "219783800", "filename": "1916.752_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-08-13T15:21:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.752/1916.752_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "392", "height": "900", "filesize": "107906"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.752/1916.752_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1479", "height": "3400", "filesize": "363606"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.752/1916.752_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5644", "height": "12972", "filesize": "219665276"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97110, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "before 1916", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:06.796000"}, {"id": 102586, "accession_number": "1921.1253", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hand-and-a-Half Sword, c. 1500. South Germany, early 16th Century. Steel, wood, leather; quillions and spirally fluted pommel of blackened steel; overall: 117.5 cm (46 1/4 in.); blade: 90.2 cm (35 1/2 in.); quillions: 26.4 cm (10 3/8 in.); grip: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1921.1253", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Hand-and-a-Half Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1500", "creation_date_earliest": 1495, "creation_date_latest": 1505, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South Germany, early 16th Century"], "technique": "steel, wood, leather; quillions and spirally fluted pommel of blackened steel", "support_materials": [{"description": "quillions and spirally fluted pommel of blackened steel", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 117.5 cm (46 1/4 in.); Blade: 90.2 cm (35 1/2 in.); Quillions: 26.4 cm (10 3/8 in.); Grip: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.175}, "blade": {"length": 0.902}, "quillions": {"width": 0.264}, "grip": {"length": 0.21}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "American Art Association (sale, November 1921);  cat.# 244.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sword came to be called a hand-and-a-half, because it could either be used with both hands or just one.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779532"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.1253-hand-and-a-half-swor"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92, E20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n138"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.1253", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1253/1921.1253_web.jpg", "width": "536", "height": "900", "filesize": "109695", "filename": "1921.1253_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1253/1921.1253_print.jpg", "width": "2024", "height": "3400", "filesize": "324825", "filename": "1921.1253_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1253/1921.1253_full.tif", "width": "2724", "height": "4575", "filesize": "37409412", "filename": "1921.1253_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:48:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1253/1921.1253_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "893", "filesize": "260795"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1253/1921.1253_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2198", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5142219"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.1253/1921.1253_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2957", "height": "4575", "filesize": "40606060"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 102586, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-12-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:31.834000"}, {"id": 97043, "accession_number": "1916.698", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Schiavona Broadsword, 1700s. Italy, Venice. Steel, brass, leather and wood; overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); blade: 84.4 cm (33 1/4 in.); grip: 10.5 cm (4 1/8 in.); guard: 14.8 cm (5 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.698", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Schiavona Broadsword", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "steel, brass, leather and wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); Blade: 84.4 cm (33 1/4 in.); Grip: 10.5 cm (4 1/8 in.); Guard: 14.8 cm (5 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.003}, "blade": {"length": 0.844}, "grip": {"width": 0.105}, "guard": {"width": 0.148}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 401015, "title": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)", "description": "<i>European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)</i>. Birmingham Museum of Art (organizer) (July 1, 1993-July 1, 1995).", "opening_date": "1993-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941) Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sword has what is known as a \"cat's head\" pommel, a spherical knob that serves as a counterweight at the opposite end of the sword from the point.", "description": "This broadsword or basket-hilted sword is a type that was often carried by the bodyguards of the Doge of Venice who came from the Dalmatian Coast of present-day Croatia and were then called Schavoni in Venice. The complex barred guard slopes forward and protects the hand.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779728"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour. </em>[Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. #360", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116-117, E69; Reproduced: Plate XXX, E69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 130, p. 169", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97043, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:18.250000"}, {"id": 95330, "accession_number": "1916.1097", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Smallsword, c. 1730. France, Paris. Steel, blued, with gold encrusted decoration; chased and engraved; silver wire; overall: 94.5 cm (37 3/16 in.); blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); grip: 13.2 cm (5 3/16 in.); guard: 8 cm (3 1/8 in.). 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Severance, 1916.1097", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Smallsword", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "steel, blued, with gold encrusted decoration; chased and engraved; silver wire", "support_materials": [{"description": "gilt and blued shell", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 94.5 cm (37 3/16 in.); Blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); Grip: 13.2 cm (5 3/16 in.); Guard: 8 cm (3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.945}, "blade": {"length": 0.772}, "grip": {"length": 0.132}, "guard": {"width": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. 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The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756326"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1097-smallsword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour. </em>[Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 494", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135, E111", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n204"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 118, 169; cat. no. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 194, p. 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1097", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1097/1916.1097_web.jpg", "width": "540", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1097_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1097/1916.1097_print.jpg", "width": "2039", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1097_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1097/1916.1097_full.tif", "width": "3156", "height": "5263", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1097_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "533", "height": "893", "filesize": "211866"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2030", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3364764"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2986", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44822572"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "533", "height": "893", "filesize": "204032"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2030", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3157098"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2986", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44810180"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "243525"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3897691"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3932", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59001800"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "261612"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4020085"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3932", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59000180"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2687", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4364", "height": "5522", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2020-04-13T13:36:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "658", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2487", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1097/1916.1097_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3422", "height": "4678", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95330, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Court Sword"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:54.749000"}, {"id": 97042, "accession_number": "1916.697", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rapier, c. 1620\u201330. Clemens Horn (German, 1586\u20131617). Steel, blued and gilded; overall: 111.1 cm (43 3/4 in.); blade: 89.2 cm (35 1/8 in.); quillions: 21.3 cm (8 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.697", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Rapier", "creation_date": "c. 1620\u201330", "creation_date_earliest": 1615, "creation_date_latest": 1635, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Solingen, 17th century"], "technique": "steel, blued and gilded", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 111.1 cm (43 3/4 in.); Blade: 89.2 cm (35 1/8 in.); Quillions: 21.3 cm (8 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.111}, "blade": {"length": 0.892}, "quillions": {"width": 0.213}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "NEC TEMPARE NEC TIMIDE / INTER ARMA SILENT LEGE / VERITATEM DILIGE ET PUGNA PRO PATRIA", "inscription_translation": "Neither without cause, nor fearfully/Between arms and silent law/ Prize truth and the fight for one's country.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Unicorn Head", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Mark of the bladesmith Clemens Horn", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson (1846-1929), England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941),  Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The \"Pappenheimer\" hilt seen here is named after Count Pappenheimer (1594-1632) who popularized the style which offered more protection to the hand with its large pierced plates.", "description": "This weapon has an especially handsome configuration of hilt, pommel, quillons, and guard. The blade is also very finely wrought and bears the mark (a unicorn head) of the German swordsmith, Clemens Horn, of Solingen, a town near D\u00fcsseldorf. The Latin inscription on the blade reads in translation: \"Neither without cause, nor fearfully/Between arms and silent law/ Prize truth and the fight for one's country.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779466"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.697-rapier"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n45"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 440", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 111, E57; Reproduced: Plate XXIX, E57", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n171"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 116, 168; cat. no. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 176, p. 191", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.697", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.697/1916.697_web.jpg", "width": "443", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.697_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.697/1916.697_print.jpg", "width": "1673", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.697_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.697/1916.697_full.tif", "width": "2241", "height": "4554", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.697_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "493", "height": "893", "filesize": "231231"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1130", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1379354"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1130", "height": "2048", "filesize": "6945244"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "219554"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2481", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3490985"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3648", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54742240"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "234125"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2481", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3589315"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3648", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54740180"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.697/1916.697_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4404", "height": "5456", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97042, "creators": [{"id": 10388, "description": "Clemens Horn (German, 1586\u20131617)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1586", "death_year": "1617", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1615, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1620\u201330", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:41.999000"}, {"id": 95913, "accession_number": "1916.1627", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hunting Sword, c. 1700. Netherlands, early 1700s. Steel, wood, brass; overall: 81.3 cm (32 in.); blade: 66.7 cm (26 1/4 in.); guard: 16.2 cm (6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. 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