{"info": {"total": 7784, "parameters": {"skip": 0, "limit": 1000, "created_before": 1800, "created_after": 1700, "select": "accession_number,accession_number_sortable,cover_accession_number,department,collection,gallery,classification_type,department"}}, "data": [{"id": 94979, "accession_number": "1915.534", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nathaniel Hurd, c. 1765. John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815). Oil on canvas; framed: 90.5 x 78 x 6.5 cm (35 5/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 64.8 cm (30 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1915.534", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Nathaniel Hurd", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90.5 x 78 x 6.5 cm (35 5/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 64.8 cm (30 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.905, "width": 0.78, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "width": 0.648}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 705378, "title": "Silver and American Tradition", "description": "Silver and American Tradition. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (February 13-March 19, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520707, "title": "Four Centuries of American Masterpieces", "description": "Four Centuries of American Masterpieces. 1964 New York World's Fair, New York, NY (May 1-October 18, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520960, "title": "John Singleton Copley: A Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "John Singleton Copley: A Retrospective Exhibition. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (organizer) (September 18-October 31, 1965); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (November 20, 1965-January 2, 1966); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (January 22-March 6, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444647, "title": "The Face of Liberty", "description": "The Face of Liberty. Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (December 23, 1975-February 8, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-12-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 417433, "title": "John Singleton Copley's America", "description": "John Singleton Copley's America. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (June 7-August 27, 1995); The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (September 26, 1995-January 7, 1996); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (February 4-April 28, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 222076, "title": "Nathaniel Hurd", "description": "Nathaniel Hurd. Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, NY (November 22, 1999-April 10, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-11-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, The Inaugural Exhibition (6 June-20 September, 1916); cat. p. 255.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, One Hundred Colonial Portraits (19 June-21 September 1930), cat. no. 50.", "opening_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October, 1936), illus. plate II, cat. no. 23, pp. 21-22.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, An Exhibition of Paintings by John Singleton Copley: In Commemoration of the Two-Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth (22 December, 1936-14 February, 1937), illus. 16.", "opening_date": "1936-12-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, Baltimore Museum of Art, Two Hundred Years of American Painting, (15 January-28 February, 1938), no. 2.", "opening_date": "1938-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New Haven, Yale University Gallery of Fine Arts, Masterpieces of New England Silver 1650-1800, (18 June-10 September, 1939), ill. no. 224, p. 94.", "opening_date": "1939-06-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Flint, Mich., Flint Institute of Arts, Art Marches On: The Opening and Dedicating Exhibition of the New Flint Institute of Arts (14 November-31 December, 1941), illus no. 53, p. 30.", "opening_date": "1941-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, The Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, The Arts in the Americas in the Eighteenth Century (1946), cat. no. 1 (see Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, vol. III, no. 3 (May, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dallas, The Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Survey of American Painting from 1700 to the Present (5 October - 3 November 1946); cat. 200 Years of American Painting.", "opening_date": "1946-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver, The Denver Art Museum, American Heritage: An Exhibitions of Paintings and Crafts 1770-1790 (7 March-11 April 1948), ill. p. 9.", "opening_date": "1948-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver, The Denver Art Museum, Portraiture Through the Ages (9 January - 15 February 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, George Washington's World (15 January - 14 February 1954), cat. no. 5.", "opening_date": "1954-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Colonial Silversmiths, Masters and Apprentices (13 November - 30 December 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-11-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Jewett Art Center, Wellesley College, Massachusetts, Four Boston Masters (10 April-11 May, 1959), cat. no. 8, repr. p. 25; traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (19 May - 26 June 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Style, Truth and the Portrait (1 October -10 November, 1963), ill. cat. no. 29.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Gallery at The Better Living Center, New York World's Fair, Four Centuries of American Masterpieces (22 May-18 October 1964), p. 18, illus. p. 18; (arranged by the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture).", "opening_date": "1964-05-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, John Singleton Copley, 1738-1815 (18 September - 31 October 1965), pp. 45-9, illus. p. 47; traveled to New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (20 November 1965 - 2 January 1966); traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (22 January - 6 February 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, The Face of Liberty: Founders of the United States (23 December 1975 - 8 February 1976), illus. colorplate 16.", "opening_date": "1975-12-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Silver in American Life (24 June - 16 August 1981); exhibited in gallery but not in catalogue.", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, John Singleton Copley in America (7 June - 27 August 1995), traveled to New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (26 September 1995 - 7 January 1996), traveled to Houston, Museum of Fine Arts (4 February - 28 April 1996), did not travel to Milwaukee, Milwaukee Art Museum; cat. no. 21, p. 57, 93, 119, 208-11, 248, 300, 312.", "opening_date": "1995-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rochester, New York, Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, ABOUT FACE: Copley's Portrait of Nathaniel Hurd, Colonial Silversmith and Engraver, (1 November 1999-1 March 2000), see Porticus journal.", "opening_date": "1999-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Benjamin Hurd [1739-1781], Halifax, Nova Scotia, by descent to his son, John Hurd", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1781", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John Hurd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, by descent to his two daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1781-", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Daughters of John Hurd [d. by 1860], Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Mrs. Thomas Barry", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-by 1860", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Thomas Barry [d. 1869], Halifax, Nova Scotia, by gift to Walter Wesselhoeft", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1860-1869", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Walter Wesselhoeft [1838-1920], Cambridge, MA, consigned to the Copley Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1869-1915", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Copley Gallery, Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1915", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1915-", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["350.1915"], "did_you_know": "The artist Copley\u2019s in-laws were consignees for the cargo dumped during the Boston Tea Party.", "description": "Hurd was a prominent silversmith and engraver in Boston, and the warm gaze and unforced smile in his portrait by Copley suggest the friendship between the two artists. Hurd's open-collared shirt, as well as the rakishly tilted turban that covers his shaved head in place of a ceremonial powdered wig, create an air of informality that is unusual for a portrait of this time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502218"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.534-nathaniel-hurd"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 220; reproduced, p. 221.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lange, Amanda E., \"We Are Family: Heraldic Decorative Arts in Early America,\" Historic Deerfield 14 (Autumn 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 3; reproduced, p. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Perkins, Augustus Thorndike. A Sketch of the Life and a List of Some of the Works of John Singleton Copley. Boston: Priv. Print, 1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, 75-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley: Founded on the Work of Augustus Thorndike Perkins. Boston, MA: Taylor Press, 1915.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 151-152", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. H. D. \"The Fine Arts: Fine Portrait by Copley.\" The Boston Transcript, October, 1915.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The American Art News. 14:23 (March 11, 1916): 1-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Clevel'd Gets Early Am'ns.\" The American Art News. 14:24 (March 18, 1916): 1-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Inauguration.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 3:2 (July, 1916): 1-24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opposite p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bell, Hamilton. \"Early American Portraits at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The American Magazine of Art. 7:12 (October, 1916).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 484-5; Reproduced: p. 485", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. An Appreciation of Copley's \"Nathaniel Hurd\": John Huntington Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1918.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Special Exhibition Cabinet.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 5:1. (January 1918).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136158"}, {"citation": "Dunlap, William. A History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States. 1. Boston: C.E. Goodspeed & Co, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-4; Reproduced: opposite p. 173", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Report of the Museum's Second Year.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 69-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136208"}, {"citation": "Clearwater, Alphonso Trumpbour, and C. Louise Avery. American Silver of the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study Based on the Clearwater Collection. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Early Portrait Study by Copley.\" Art News. 22:19 (February 16, 1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Portrait of Nathaniel Hurd by Copley.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 10:3 (March 1923).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"When Copley Portrayed an Early Craftsman.\" Art News. (June 9, 1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Collection of Fine Arts (U.S.), Washington Loan Exhibition Committee. Exhibition of Early American Paintings, Miniatures and Silver. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-8; Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n10"}, {"citation": "Dow, George Francis. The Arts & Crafts in New England, 1704-1775; Gleanings from Boston Newspapers Relating to Painting, Engraving, Silversmiths, Pewterers, Clockmakers, Furniture, Pottery, Old Houses, Costume, Trades and Occupations, & C... Topsfield, MA: Wayside Press, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; Reproduced: frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n12"}, {"citation": "Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928#page=12"}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. Five Colonial Artists of New England: Joseph Badger, Joseph Blackburn, John Singleton Copley; Robert Feke, John Smibert. Boston, MA: Privately Printed, 1929.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolton, Theodore and Harry Lorin Binsse. \"John Singleton Copley.\" The Antiquarian. 15:6 (December, 1930).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80-81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stark, Harold. Art in America from 1600 to 1865; An Illustrated Guide for a National Radio Broadcast from February 3 to May 19, 1934. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1934.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, Holger, and Alfred H. Barr, Jr., eds. Art in America: A Complete Survey. New York, NY: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Special Number for the 20th Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition.\" The Art News. (June 13, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Louise. \"John Singleton Copley.\" Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 31:12 (December 1936).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \"J. S. Copley, American Master.\" Art News. 35:13 (December 26, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden. \"Copley: Metropolitan Opens Bicentennial Show.\" The New York Times, December 27, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Barbara Neville, and Anne Bolling Wheeler. John Singleton Copley; American Portraits in Oil, Pastel, and Miniature. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118-9, pl. 61A", "url": null}, {"citation": "French, Hollis. Jacob Hurd and His Sons Nathaniel & Benjamin: Silversmiths 1702-1781. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press for the Walpole Society, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: frontispiece; Mentioned: pp. 138-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Hagen, Oskar. The Birth of the American Tradition in Art. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89; Mentioned: pp. 102-105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"A Collection of Early American Silver Gift of Hollis French.\" TheBulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 27:9 (November, 1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flint Institute of Arts. Art Marches on!: The Opening and Dedicating Exhibition of the New Flint Institute of Arts. Flint, MI: The Institute, 1941.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 30, fig. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland's First 25 Years.\" ARTnews. 40:11 (September, 1941).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, 25; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, John, and Macgill James. Great American Paintings from Smibert to Bellows, 1729-1924. London: Oxford University Press, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum.\" Life (September 20, 1943).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "King, Winnifred. \"Their Hands.\" The Christian Science Monitor. November 20, 1943.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, James Truslow. Album of American History. volume 1. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n20"}, {"citation": "\"The Arts in America in the Eighteenth Century.\" Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College. 3:3 (May, 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67, 90, 99; Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Phillips, John Marshall. American Silver. New York, NY: Chanticleer Press, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82-6; Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barker, Virgil. American Painting: History and Interpretation. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144, 147-8; Reproduced: p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A bird's-eye view of early American painting.\" Antiques. 62 (November 1952).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 402", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 529", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n96"}, {"citation": "\"Portraits of American Craftsmen.\" Antiques. 76. (October 1959).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. Art and Life in America. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kindlers Malerei Lexicon. volume 1. Zurich, Switzerland: 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 776", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Saint Petersburg. Inaugural Exhibition, February 7 Through March 7, 1965. Saint Petersburg, FL: 1965.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David. John Singleton Copley: In America 1738-1774. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52-55; Reproduced: no. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Louis B., George B. Tatum, John W. McCoubrey, and Robert C. Smith. The Arts In America: The Colonial Period. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Patricia Boyd. The Christian Science Monitor. January 19, 1966.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Myers, Bernard S. Art and Civilization. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 319-320; Reproduced: p. 319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cirker, Hayward, and Blanche Cirker. Dictionary of American Portraits: 4045 Pictures of Important Americans from Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century. New York, NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 1967", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322", "url": null}, {"citation": "McLanathan, Richard B. K. The American Tradition in the Arts. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Plate, Robert. John Singleton Copley: America's First Great Artist. New York, NY: David McKay Co, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-5; Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glubok, Shirley, and Gerard Nook. The Art of Colonial America. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mooz, Ralph Peter. \"The Art of Robert Feke.\" Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Introduction to The Cleveland Museum of Art. Hannover: Knorr & Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neumeyer, Alfred. \"Nordamerikanische Kunst.\" Die Kunst des 18. Jahrhunderts. ed. Harald Keller. Berlin: Propylaen Verlag, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 431, pl. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fales, Martha Gandy. Early American Silver. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94, 239, 319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adler, Mortimer Jerome, ed. The Revolutionary Years: Britannica's Book of the American Revolution. Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. American Art. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montgomery, Charles F., and Patricia E. Kane. American Art, 1750-1800: Towards Independence. Boston, MA: Published for Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, by the New York Graphic Society, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"American Image.\" Plain Dealer. Section 5 - 8. (January 18, 1976).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Section 5 - 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. American Art to 1900: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101-2; Reproduced: no. 164, p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"Portrait Painting - An Image of Man.\" Arts and Activities. 82 (September 1977).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n218"}, {"citation": "Ward, Barbara McLean, and Gerald W. R. Ward, eds. Silver in American Life: Selections from the Mabel Brady Garvan and Other Collections at Yale University. New York: American Federation of Arts, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boros, Ethel. \"Early American Silver.\" Plain Dealer. (September 22, 1979).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34-5; Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Emlen, Robert P. \"Wedding Silver for the Browns: A Rhode Island Family Patronizes a Boston Goldsmith.\" The American Art Journal. 56:2 (Spring 1984).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janson, H. W. History of Art. Third edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall & Harry Abrams, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20; Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buchanan, Penelope D. \"John Singleton Copley: Portrait of Nathaniel Hurd.\" Art Education. 40:1 (January 1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27-8; Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., ed. Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45; Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kissick, John. Art, Context and Criticism. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 352", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Lawrence S., and John J. Reich. Culture and Values: a Survey of the Western Humanities. Second edition. Fort Worth, IN: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janson, H. W. History of Art. Fifth edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall & Harry Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42, pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barratt, Carrie Rebora. John Singleton Copley in America. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kissick, John. Art, Context and Criticism. Second edition. Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kane, Patricia E., Francis Hill Bigelow, John Marshall Phillips, and Jeannine J. Falino. Colonial Massachusetts Silversmiths and Jewelers: A Biographical Dictionary Based on the Notes of Francis Hill Bigelow & John Marshall Phillips. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 615", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rather, Susan. \"Carpenter, Tailor, Shoemaker, Artist: Copley and Portrait Painting around 1770.\" The Art Bulletin. 79:2 (June 1997).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 284-5; Reproduced: p. 285", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ohlig, Rudolf, and Hildegard Hogen. Der Glanz der Residenzen: Renaissance und Barock in Europa, Schwarzafrika und Altamerika. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 424", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ward, Gerald W. R. \"Nathaniel Hurd.\" American National Biography, v. 2. ed. Garraty, John A., and Mark C. Carnes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 556-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fortune, Brandon Brame, and Deborah Jean Warner. Franklin and His Friends: Portraying the Man of Science in Eighteenth-Century America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 4-14", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kammen, Michael et al. Seeing America: Painting and Sculpture from the Collection of the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Two by Copley\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 08, October 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-08/page/6"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40 - 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ward, Gerald W. R. Paul Revere: Sons of Liberty Bowl. Boston: MFA Publications, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 12; reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rather, Susan. The American School: Artists and Status in the Late-Colonial and Early National Era. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: pp. 41-42, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ripley, Elizabeth. Copley; A Biography. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corey Phelon Geske, \u201cTheoria to practica and Congregational Independency: From John Singleton Copley's portraiture of \u2018Liberty,\u2019 Rev. Jonathan Mayhew identified, to Rev. Lemuel Haynes's Liberty Further Extended, c. 1776,\u201d Granville History Digital Collection, accessed July 18, 2023, Mentioned pp. 49-55; reproduced pp. 50-51. https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1531", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manca, Joseph. \"John Singleton Copley's Portrait of Reverend Joseph Sewall: New England and Transatlantic Contexts.\" Historical Journal of Massachusetts 51, no.2 (Summer 2023): 30-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned p.51; Reproduced p.50, (fig.11)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Filstrup, Chris, and Jane Merrill. The Turban: A History from East to West. London, UK: Reaktion Books, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 112-114", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.534", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "402404", "filename": "1915.534_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_print.jpg", "width": "2849", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5904910", "filename": "1915.534_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_full.tif", "width": "4609", "height": "5500", "filesize": "76080612", "filename": "1915.534_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-08T19:20:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.534/1915.534_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "752", "height": "893", "filesize": "432453"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.534/1915.534_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2865", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6309012"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.534/1915.534_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5406", "height": "6416", "filesize": "104088368"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 94979, "creators": [{"id": 2409, "description": "John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-01-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:36.196000"}, {"id": 122349, "accession_number": "1942.645", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke, c. 1761. Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792). Oil on canvas; framed: 224.5 x 201.3 x 11.4 cm (88 3/8 x 79 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 196 x 170 cm (77 3/16 x 66 15/16 in.); former: 223.5 x 198 x 9 cm (88 x 77 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.645", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of the Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke", "creation_date": "c. 1761", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1766, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 224.5 x 201.3 x 11.4 cm (88 3/8 x 79 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 196 x 170 cm (77 3/16 x 66 15/16 in.); Former: 223.5 x 198 x 9 cm (88 x 77 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.245, "width": 2.013, "depth": 0.114}, "unframed": {"height": 1.96, "width": 1.7}, "former": {"height": 2.235, "width": 1.98, "depth": 0.09}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 706840, "title": "Anglo-Saxon Tradition", "description": "Anglo-Saxon Tradition. Kenyon College, Gambier, OH (October 1-15, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-10-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "The Venetian Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442098, "title": "Sir Joshua Reynolds", "description": "Sir Joshua Reynolds. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 16-March 31, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181714, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)", "description": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation). Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (April 3-June 5, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "British Institution, London, United Kingdom (1813).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Suffolk Street, London, United Kingdom (1833).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Family Portraits,Royal Academy, Burlington House, London, United Kingdom (1875).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Old Masters Exhibition, Grafton Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1895).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Second National Exhibition, Woman and Child in Art, London, United Kingdom (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Museum of Art (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, later Second Earl of Hardwicke [1720-1790], St. James Square, London, by descent to his daughter Amabel Yorke, later Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1761-1790", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Amabel Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey [1751-1833], by descent to her great niece Anne Florence de Grey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1790-1833", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Anne Florence de Grey, Baroness Lucas [died 1880], by descent to her son, Francis Thomas de Grey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1833-1880", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Francis Thomas de Grey, Seventh Earl Cowper, Seventh Baron Lucas and Tenth Baron Dingwall [1834-1905], by descent to his nephew Auberon Thomas Herbert", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1880-1905", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Auberon Thomas Herbert, Eighth Baron Lucas and Eleventh Baron Dingwall [1876-1916], by descent to his sister Nan Ino Cooper", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1905-1916", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Nan Ino Cooper, Ninth Baroness Lucas and Twelfth Baroness Dingwall [1880-1958], consigned to sale at Christie's London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-1922", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Christies\u2019s, London, May 26, 1922, lot 78)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1922", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Agnew, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "John L. Severance, Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 154630, "description": "The Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke, c. 1761. Edward Fisher (British, 1722\u20131785), after Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792). Mezzotint; image: 41.7 x 36.3 cm (16 7/16 x 14 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin 1989.236", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Her family affectionately referred to Mary Jemima (at right) as \"Mouse.\"", "description": "Sisters Amabel (left) and Mary Jemima are shown playing on the grounds of their family\u2019s country estate outside London. They wear loose, flowing garments invented specifically for the portrait rather than their usual outdoor dresses. Their father commissioned the painting to hang in the family\u2019s city home in London\u2019s St. James Square and it highlights their status as landowners. Joshua Reynolds painted this portrait after his return from Italy, where his studies inspired him to incorporate classical references. The famous ancient Roman Statue of a Girl with a Dove is echoed in Mary Jemima\u2019s pose as she shields a dove from the family dog.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514841"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.645-portrait-of-the-ladi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cotton, W., and John Burnet. Sir Joshua Reynolds and His Works. London, 1856.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Clarence. Art and Artists of Our Time. New York, NY: Selmar Hess, 1888.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37; Mentioned: p. 37-38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon, and William Vine Cronin. A History of the Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds. [With Plates.]. London: H. Graves & Co, 1899.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 1084", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. Sir Joshua Reynolds, First President of the Royal Academy. London, United Kingdom: W. Heinemann, 1900.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bryan, Michael, and George Charles Williamson. Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1903.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baldry, A. L. Sir Joshua Reynolds. London: George Newnes, 1905.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. xxxii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912. London, United Kingdom: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pgs. 1020, 1041, 1054, 1085, 1091, vol. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"American Art News, Vol. 20, No. 31.\" American Art News 20, no. 31 (May 13, 1922): 1-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25589970."}, {"citation": "Marillier, H. C. \"Christie's\" 1766 to 1925. London: Constable & Company, Ltd, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toynbee, Paget. \"Horace Walpole's Journals of Visits to Country Seats, etc.\" The Walpole Society, XVI (1927--28)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. Reynolds. London, United Kingdom: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117; Reproduced: p. 121, pl. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [18], Plate VI, cat. no. 14; Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXIX, no. 9 (November, 1942):131-136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133; Mentioned: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richard, Edgar P. \"Recent Acquisitions: Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke, by Reynolds.\" The Art Quarterly VI, no. 2 (Spring 1943): 146-149.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 146-149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. John Singleton Copley. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32, 132; Reproduced: pl. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Thomas Gainsborough: George Pitt, First Lord Rivers.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LVIII, no. 11 (November, 1971): 258-268.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 234-235, vol. II; Reproduced: no. 14, XLVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 469", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n86"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argan, Giulio Carlo. \"Reynolds.\" In Encyclopedia of World Art. Bernard S. Myers, ed., 202-207. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gimpel, Rene\u0301. Journal d'un collectionneur, marchand de tableaux. [Paris]: Calmann-Le\u0301vy, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cormack, Malcolm, \"The Ledgers of Sir Joshua Reynolds.\" The Walpole Society, XLII (1968-70)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, Edward. The Engraved Works, of Sir Joshua Reynolds; A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Engravings Made After His Paintings from 1755-1822, with Descriptions of the States of Each Plate, Biographical Sketches of the Persons Represented, a List of Pictures Which Have Been Engraved, Names of the Possessors, and Other Particulars. Amsterdam, Netherlands: G.W. Hissink, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. Reynolds. New York, NY: Phaidon; [distributed by Praeger], 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 210-212; Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. John Singleton Copley. New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Pl. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kirsh, Andrea, and Rustin S. Levenson. Seeing Through Paintings: Physical Examination in Art Historical Studies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167, no. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiles, Stephanie, \"British Invasion\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 04, April 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-04/page/8"}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter. \"The Picture Collection of the 2nd Earl de Gray at 4 St Jame's Square, London.\" Artibus et Historiae : An Art Anthology 90 (2024): 179-228.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 197, 201, 211, 214, 218, 219; Reproduced: p. 200, fig. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter. Regency Collectors: Buying and Displaying Old Masters in Early Nineteenth-Century England. London: Ad Ilissvm, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 55-57, fig. 2.10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.645", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "480021", "filename": "1942.645_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_print.jpg", "width": "2960", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6549504", "filename": "1942.645_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_full.tif", "width": "4788", "height": "5500", "filesize": "79035068", "filename": "1942.645_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-26T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.645/1942.645_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "564869"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.645/1942.645_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2469", "height": "2820", "filesize": "4814434"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.645/1942.645_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2469", "height": "2820", "filesize": "20930684"}}, {"date_created": "2009-12-01T16:45:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.645/1942.645_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "788", "height": "893", "filesize": "527818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.645/1942.645_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3000", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6475509"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.645/1942.645_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3552", "height": "4026", "filesize": "42943624"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 122349, "creators": [{"id": 2541, "description": "Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1723", "death_year": "1792", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1761", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 19:07:10.696000"}, {"id": 109245, "accession_number": "1927.393", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Elizabeth Shewell West and Her Son, Raphael, c. 1770. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Oil on canvas; framed: 88 x 87.5 x 9 cm (34 5/8 x 34 7/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 66.5 x 66.3 cm (26 3/16 x 26 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Gift, 1927.393", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Elizabeth Shewell West and Her Son, Raphael", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 88 x 87.5 x 9 cm (34 5/8 x 34 7/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 66.5 x 66.3 cm (26 3/16 x 26 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.88, "width": 0.875, "depth": 0.09}, "unframed": {"height": 0.665, "width": 0.663}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515741, "title": "The American Portrait", "description": "The American Portrait. Westmoreland Museum of American Art, Greensburg, PA (organizer) (September 14-October 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516052, "title": "American Masters", "description": "American Masters. Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI (organizer) (September 14-October 19, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, The Royal Academy of Arts, (1770), see Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from its Foundation in 1769 to 1904 p. 212, no. 198.", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibtion of The Cleveland Museum of Art; The Official Great Lakes Exposition (26 January-4 October 1936), no. 53, p. 30.", "opening_date": "1936-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Benjamin West 1738-1820 (1938), cat. no. 18, not illus.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, Akron Art Institute, 40 American Painters: A Survey of American Painting from Colonial to Modern Times, fo the Opening of the Institute (December, 1945), illus. cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1945-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Charlotte, NC, Mint Museum of Art, 10th Anniversary Exhibition (October, 1946), cat. no. 12, not illus.", "opening_date": "1946-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dayton, Dayton Art Institute, The Artist and His Family (3 March-April, 1950), cat. no. 38.", "opening_date": "1950-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Style, Truth, and the Portrait (1 October-10 November 1963) cat. no. 46, illus.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Greensburg, PA, The Westmoreland Country Museum of Art, The American Portrait (19 September-31 October 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kalamazoo, MI, Kalamazoo Art Center, Paintings by American Masters: Fifth Anniversary Exhibition (14 September-19 October 1966), illus. p. 6.", "opening_date": "1966-09-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward S. Harkness [1874-1940], New York, NY, to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, by bequest to her brother-in-law Edward S. Harkness", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Mary Warden Harkness's will states: \u201cI give and bequeath to my husband\u2019s brother, Edward S. Harkness, the paintings described as follows, for his life, and upon his death I give and bequeath the same to the Art Museum of Cleveland, at Cleveland, Ohio, to be known as The Charles W. Harkness Gift.\u201d
"], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Charles W. Harkness [1860-1916], New York, NY, by bequest to his wife Mary Warden Harkness1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The Knoedler inventory cards document the sale of the painting (stock no. F 411) to Harkness in November 1911.
"], "date": "1911-1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, sold to Charles W. Harkness)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1911", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Henry J. Pfungst [1844-1917], Cleveland Square, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Castle Smith, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1909", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Grandson of Benjamin West, Jr., to his widow", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Probably 1848-", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Benjamin West, Jr. [1772-1848], to his grandson", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1820-by 1848", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Benjamin West [1738-1820], London, to his son, Benjamin West, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1770-1820", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Born in colonial America, West eventually became a court painter to George III of England.", "description": "West was the first American artist to study in Italy, where he spent three years before permanently settling in London. He so admired the artistic ideals of the Italian Renaissance master Raphael that he named his eldest son after him, and he imitated Raphael\u2019s celebrated Madonna of the Chair when composing this tender double portrait of his wife and child.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513099"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.393-elizabeth-shewell-we"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Bequests of Mary Warden Harkness,\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15 (February 1928): 43-50.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Benjamin West, Series IV. Inventory cards, 1859-1971, M. Knoedler & Co. Records, box 127, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Connoisseur (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Connoisseur (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Connoisseur (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Connoisseur (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Connoisseur (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "W.M.B. Berger Charitable Trust, and Denver Art Museum. 600 Years of British Painting : The Berger Collection. Denver, [Chailey]: Denver Art Museum ; [Vine House] (distributor), 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 272.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n21"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 532", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n98"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n218"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42 - 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art. London: Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 49; reproduced, front cover (detail) and p. 48.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Klein, Shana. \"Bound and Boarded: Policing Native Motherhood in US Art and Culture.\" The Art Bulletin 106, n. 2 (June 2024): 119-143.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 124, fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.393", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.393/1927.393_web.jpg", "width": "890", "height": "893", "filesize": "515554", "filename": "1927.393_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.393/1927.393_print.jpg", "width": "3387", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6602921", "filename": "1927.393_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.393/1927.393_full.tif", "width": "3626", "height": "3640", "filesize": "39621584", "filename": "1927.393_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Charles W. Harkness Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 109245, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. West with Raphael West", "Mrs. West and Her Son Raphael"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:51.226000"}, {"id": 98268, "accession_number": "1917.946", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "George Washington at Princeton, c. 1779. Charles Willson Peale (American, 1741\u20131827), and Workshop. Oil on canvas; framed: 153 x 144 x 7 cm (60 1/4 x 56 11/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 131 x 121.6 cm (51 9/16 x 47 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Membership Income Fund, 1917.946", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "George Washington at Princeton", "creation_date": "c. 1779", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 153 x 144 x 7 cm (60 1/4 x 56 11/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 131 x 121.6 cm (51 9/16 x 47 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.53, "width": 1.44, "depth": 0.07}, "unframed": {"height": 1.31, "width": 1.216}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art; The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936), cat. no. 38.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Art: The International Language (2 October-4 November 1956)", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Greensburg, PA, The Westmoreland County Museum of Art, Two Hundred and Fifty Years of Art in Pennsylvania (1959), cat. no. 87, illus. plate 8.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists (18 January-5 March 1967); traveled to Utica, NY, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute (19 March-30 April 1967), cat. no. 52, illus. p. 13, listed p. 66-67.", "opening_date": "1967-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976), illus. cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum (6 June-8 September 1991)", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Colonel Frisby Tilghman [1773\u20131847], Talbot County, Maryland, by descent to his son-in-law, Thomas Jefferson McKaig", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The information provided by Macbeth Gallery mentions Tilghman\u2019s \u201chome in Rockland [MD] where the portrait hung for many years, never going out of the family until its recent sale to Macbeth Gallery.\u201d The painting\u2019s ownership prior to Tilghman is uncertain. In his Portraits and Miniatures by Charles Willson Peale (1952), Charles Coleman Sellers suggests that because the painting had been owned by Frisby Tilghman, it was probably painted for his father, Judge James Tilghman (1743-1809), who was well acquainted with the artist. This is purely conjecture, however, as there is no documentation confirming James Tilghman\u2019s ownership of the painting.
"], "date": "Probably until 1847", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "General Thomas Jefferson McKaig [1804\u20131882], Cumberland, Maryland, by descent to his son, Dr. Frisby Tilghman McKaig", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1847\u2013probably 1882", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Dr. Frisby Tilghman McKaig [1859\u20131921], Andrews, North Carolina, consigned to Jonce I. McGurk through Macbeth Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1882\u20131915", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Jonce I. McGurk through Macbeth Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1McKaig authorized McGurk to sell the painting on his behalf upon agreement of a price.
"], "date": "1915\u20131917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Artist and scientist Peale directed the first dig of a mastodon skeleton in the US.", "description": "Because Peale served under General Washington and befriended him during the Revolutionary War, he was an ideal candidate to commemorate Washington's important early victory at Princeton, NJ. Here, in the quiet aftermath of battle, the general is accompanied by his horse and a groomsman, identified by some scholars as William Lee, a mixed-race enslaved man Washington forced to work as his personal assistant. Also present is a line of captured British redcoat soldiers that animates the background at left.
Peale produced several versions of this composition amid a rally of enthusiasm for the American cause. Whereas some were commissioned by American colonists\u2014as in the case here\u2014others were ordered by Washington's admirers in France, Spain, Holland, Cuba, and even England.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503039"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.946-george-washington-at"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Scharf, J. Thomas. History of Western Maryland: Being a History of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett Counties from the Earliest Period to the Present Day ; Including Biographical Sketches of Their Representative Men. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1882.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock Disposition Cards, Sold Paintings, Macbeth Gallery records, 1838-1968, bulk, 1892-1953, Archives of American Art, Washington, DC.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Photographs of Artwork and Records of Paintings Sold, Box 156, Macbeth Gallery records, 1838-1968, bulk, 1892-1953, Archives of American Art, Washington, DC.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "DePrizio, Jennifer. \"Finding Connections: Comparison as an interpretive learning tool.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 62, no. 1: 16-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 16.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Special Exhibition Cabinet.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 1 (1918).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2; Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136158"}, {"citation": "\"Washington at the Battle of Princeton by Charles Wilson Peale.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 2/3 (1918): 19-20.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: p. 19-20", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136170"}, {"citation": "\"Report of the Museum's Second Year.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 69-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 70, 71", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136208"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 527", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n97"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44 - 45", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.946", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.946/1917.946_web.jpg", "width": "823", "height": "893", "filesize": "463886", "filename": "1917.946_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.946/1917.946_print.jpg", "width": "3135", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7462233", "filename": "1917.946_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.946/1917.946_full.tif", "width": "7592", "height": "8232", "filesize": "187529100", "filename": "1917.946_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Membership Income Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 98268, "creators": [{"id": 2523, "description": "Charles Willson Peale (American, 1741\u20131827)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1827", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-12-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1774, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1779", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:12.935000"}, {"id": 147938, "accession_number": "1974.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, 1747. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691\u20131765). Oil on canvas; framed: 147.5 x 120 x 5 cm (58 1/16 x 47 1/4 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 127 x 97.8 cm (50 x 38 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1974.39", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Interior of the Pantheon, Rome", "creation_date": "1747", "creation_date_earliest": 1747, "creation_date_latest": 1747, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 147.5 x 120 x 5 cm (58 1/16 x 47 1/4 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 127 x 97.8 cm (50 x 38 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.475, "width": 1.2, "depth": 0.05}, "unframed": {"height": 1.27, "width": 0.978}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"ROMAE / [I] P. PANINI. 1747.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "Collecting Drawings in England. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "Gallery One 2012. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Year in Review for 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Tyrwhitt-Drake (\"Shardeloes,\" Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK) (sold, Christie\u2019s, London, July 25, 1952, no. 148, to Reder)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "1952 - Reder", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "David Koetser (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "- 1969 Walter P. Chrysler", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "1969 - 1974 Eugene V. Thaw (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Panini's depictions of contemporary and ancient Rome were popular with foreigners who visited the city on their Grand Tours.", "description": "Created as a temple under the Roman emperor Hadrian around the year AD 125, the Pantheon became a Christian church in 609. Significant restoration took place in the early 1700s, a period of renewed attention to early Christian monuments. The site was a major monument of antiquity, an active church, and its portico, visible through the door, held the most important art fair in the city. Panini shows the complexity of this public space by representing foreign tourists, local churchgoers, Roman nobles, and artists mingling under the dome.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472658"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.39-interior-of-the-pant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Portland Art Museum. Paintings from the Collection of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr. An Exhibition Organized 1956 by the Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR: Portland Art Association, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grieg, T. P. \"In the Auction Rooms.\" The Connoisseur CXXX (1959): 137-138.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olsen, Harald. Italian Paintings and Sculpture in Denmark. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arisi, Ferdinando. Gian Paolo Panini. Piacenza, Italy: Cassa di Risparmio, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188, no. 199; Mentioned: p. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, Nancy Coe. \"Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, by Giovanni Paolo Panini,\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXII, no. 9 (November, 1975): 263-269.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 263, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1974.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXII, no.3 (March, 1975):62-103.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76, no. 50; Mentioned: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n165"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382; Mentioned: p. 383-384", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arisi, Ferdinando. Gian Paolo Panini e i fasti della Roma del'700. Roma, Italy: U. Bozzi, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 419, no. 374", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery S. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arisi, Ferdinando. Gian Paolo Panini: Work in Progress. London, United Kingdom: Chaucer Fine Arts, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23-26", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cNew in the Galleries.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n21/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "235779", "filename": "1974.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_print.jpg", "width": "2618", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2593717", "filename": "1974.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_full.tif", "width": "11106", "height": "14424", "filesize": "480609428", "filename": "1974.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2017-01-23T14:00:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.39/1974.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "900", "filesize": "241279"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.39/1974.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2778477"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.39/1974.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11302", "height": "14458", "filesize": "490242860"}}, {"date_created": "2017-01-23T14:11:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.39/1974.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "900", "filesize": "239046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.39/1974.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5044014"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.39/1974.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5914", "height": "7360", "filesize": "130610896"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 147938, "creators": [{"id": 2249, "description": "Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691\u20131765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1691", "death_year": "1765", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1747, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1747", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:25.134000"}, {"id": 103366, "accession_number": "1921.428", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Elizabeth Beltzhoover Mason, c. 1803\u20135. Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828). Oil on canvas; framed: 90 x 78 x 8 cm (35 7/16 x 30 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 73.8 x 61 cm (29 1/16 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from J. H. Wade, 1921.428", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Elizabeth Beltzhoover Mason", "creation_date": "c. 1803\u20135", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90 x 78 x 8 cm (35 7/16 x 30 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 73.8 x 61 cm (29 1/16 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.9, "width": 0.78, "depth": 0.08}, "unframed": {"height": 0.738, "width": 0.61}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700602, "title": "American Portraits", "description": "American Portraits. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (February 23-March 18, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 206136, "title": "Gilbert Stuart", "description": "Gilbert Stuart. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 18, 2004-January 16, 2005); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (March 27-July 31, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "American Painting Before 1865. Washington County Museum of Fine Arts (September 4-26, 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-09-04T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Comparisons, Art Gallery of Toronto (January 11-February 3, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-11T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, George Washington's World (15 January - 14 February 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-15T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1921-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frank W. Bayley, Boston, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Louisa Mason Terry [1844-1921], Washington, DC, consigned to Frank W. Bayley for sale1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Sometimes referred to as Louise, Louisa Terry was married to Rear Admiral Silas Wright Terry [c. 1841-1911]. From 1909 until 1921, the painting was on loan to the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC.
"], "date": "1899-1921", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Margaret Augusta Cowan Mason [1821-1899], Hagerstown, MD, by descent to her daughter, Louisa Mason Terry1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1While not generally included in this painting\u2019s provenance, George C. Mason\u2019s The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart, published in 1879, situates the painting in the collection of \u201cMrs. J. Thompson [sic] Mason\u201d at the time.
"], "date": "1873-1899", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Judge John Thomson Mason, Jr. [1815-1873], Hagerstown, MD, by descent to his wife, Margaret Augusta Cowan Mason", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1836-1873", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Elizabeth Beltzhoover Mason [1781-1836] and John Thomson Mason [1765-1824], Montpelier, Clear Spring, MD, by descent to their son, Judge John Thomson Mason, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1803/1805 - 1836", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Stuart also painted a portrait of George Washington, now immortalized on the dollar bill.", "description": "The sitter\u2019s high-waisted dress, pearl necklace, and elegant hairstyle of cascading ringlets reflect the height of fashion around 1800. Her gaze is assured: her chin is tilted upward but her eyes peer down with confidence. Mason\u2019s husband was a prosperous lawyer, an influential figure in President Thomas Jefferson\u2019s administration, and a plantation owner in Maryland. According to an inventory from 1807, the couple enslaved approximately 185 people, ranging from the newborn Abraham to 79-year-old Rachel. The family\u2019s wealth afforded Mason the opportunity to be painted by Gilbert Stuart, a much sought-after portraitist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503339"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.428-elizabeth-beltzhoove"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. American Painting Before 1865: An Exhibition September 4th to 26th, 1937. Hagerstown, MD: The Museum,", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. American Painting Before 1865: An Exhibition September 4th to 26th, 1937. Hagerstown, MD: The Museum, 1937.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \u201cPortrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart,\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 8, no. 19 (Dec. 1921): 154-155.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mason, George C. The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1879.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mason, George C. The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1879.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. American Painting Before 1865: An Exhibition September 4th to 26th, 1937. Hagerstown, MD: The Museum, 1937.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \u201cPortrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart,\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 8, no. 19 (Dec. 1921): 154-155", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \u201cPortrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart,\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 8, no. 19 (Dec. 1921): 154-15", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mason, George C. The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart: With Selections from Stuart's Portraits Reproduced on Steel and by Photogravure. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"Portrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, no. 10 (December 1921).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154-155; Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"Early American Art.\" The Cleveland Museum of Art Seventh Annual Report (1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorr, Charles Henry. \"The Real Gilbert Stuart.\" The Judd Magazines, Inc. 18, no. 1 (November 1922).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whiting, Frederic Allen. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Art and Archaeology 16, no. 4-5 (1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. Gilbert Stuart: An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"In Memoriam: Jeptha Homer Wade.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 13, no. 4 (April 1926).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cortissoz, Royal. \"The Field of Art.\" Scribners (November 1926).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 576", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"At the Art Museum.\" Bystander (Cleveland, OH), 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Medford, Richard Carl. \"The Fine Arts Exhibits of the National Antietam Commemoration.\" Bulletin of the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts 3, no. 1 (September 1937).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Finest Art in US Goes to Illinois Corn Belt for Big Small-Town Show.\" LIFE, March 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 528", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Mount, Charles Merrill. Gilbert Stuart, A Biography. New York: W.W. Norton, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Checklist: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art (January 1973).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mount, Charles Merrill. Gilbert Stuart in Washington: With a Catalogue of His Portraits Painted between December 1803 and July 1805. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Historical Society, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96; Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Evans, Dorinda. The Genius of Gilbert Stuart. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76; Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barratt, Carrie Rebora, Gilbert Stuart, and Ellen Gross Miles. Gilbert Stuart. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 260, 264-6; Reproduced: p. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "|Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . 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Anne Vallayer-Coster (French, 1744\u20131818). Oil on canvas; unframed: 38 x 46.2 cm (14 15/16 x 18 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1971.47", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Basket of Plums", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 38 x 46.2 cm (14 15/16 x 18 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.38, "width": 0.462}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"M.elle Vallayer / 1769\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304393, "title": "Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France", "description": "Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-August 12, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213405, "title": "Anne Vallayer-Coster: Still-Life Painting in the Age of Marie Antoinette", "description": "Anne Vallayer-Coster: Still-Life Painting in the Age of Marie Antoinette. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (June 30-September 22, 2002); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (October 13, 2002-January 5, 2003); Frick Collection, New York, NY (January 21-March 23, 2003); Centre de la Vieille Charit\u00e9, Marseille, France (April 9-June 23, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-06-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Salon, Paris, France (1771).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "English, French, Italian, Netherlandish, Spanish, and German Art, National museum, Stockholm, Sweden (1918).", "opening_date": "1918-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Three Centuries of Still Life, G\u00f6teborg Art Museum, Sweden, (April 28-May 17, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-04-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Five Centuries of French Art, National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden (15 August-9 November).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Luis Melendez: Bodegones, Museo Nacional del Prado. Madrid, Spain (Feb. 17 - May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Herzog, Budapest, Hungary", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Axel Ryden, Stockholm, Sweden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Osborn Kling, Stockholm, Sweden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale: H. Bukowski, Stockholm, Sweden, September 25-26, 1934, no. 323)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 25-26, 1934", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Thorsten Laurin, Stockholm, Sweden, and his daughter Mrs. B. Stjernsward, Sakanor, Sweden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1938", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotheby's, London, June 24, 1970, no. 4)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 24, 1970", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "[Old Masters Gallery, London, England]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "[H. Shickman Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1971", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist painted a companion to this work\u2014a plate of peaches and branch of cherries.", "description": "During the later part of the 1700s, fruit still lifes were extremely popular, and a basket of plums was a common motif. In Vallayer's painting the details, especially the plums and the basket, emerge from deep shadows. The colors are vivid reds and violets and a sense of immediacy is invoked by the growing moss, the cakes in their crisp papers, and the glass of water with its sparkling highlights and reflections.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471904"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.47-basket-of-plums"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Paris, Salon, 1771.", "page_number": "cat. no. 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Collection des livrets des anciennes expositions depuis 1673 jusqu'en 1800. Paris: Liepmannssohn et Dufour, 1869. .", "page_number": "p. 29, no. 147;", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Engelska, franska, italienska, nederla\u0308ndska, spanka och tyska konstverk: Utst. Nationalmuseum 1918. 1918.", "page_number": "cat. no. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bukowskis (Firm). Mo\u0308bler, bronser, skulptur. mattor ... silver, keramik, oljema\u030alningar. 1934.", "page_number": "no. 323, illus. pl. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Laurin, Thorsten, and Ragnar Hoppe. Katalog o\u0308ver Thorsten Laurins samling av ma\u0308leri och skulptur. Stockholm: [P.A. Norstedt], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 399, pl. 218", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Matthiesen konsthandel A.-B. Stilleben fran tre a\u030arhundraden. [Go\u0308teborg]: [Isacsons], 1938.", "page_number": "cat. no. 52.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nationalmuseum (Stockholm). Fem sekler Fransk konst: bilder fra\u030an utsta\u0308llningen i Nationalmuseum [Stockholm. 15 augusti-9 november 1958]. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1958.", "page_number": "cat. no. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Important Old Master Paintings. 1970.", "page_number": "no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roland Michel, Marianne. Anne Vallayer-Coster, 1744-1818. Paris (5e): C.I.L. [Comptoir international du livre, 24, rue des Carmes], 1970.", "page_number": "no. 183, p. 155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152; Mentioned: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1971.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 59, no. 1 (1972).", "page_number": "cat. no. 56", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Michel, Marianne Roland, and Ursula Korneitchouk. \u201cA Basket of Plums.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 60, no. 2 (1973).", "page_number": "pp. 52-59, figs. 4, 5, 6, 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152471"}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol C. \u201cJean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin: Still Life with Herring.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 9 (1974).", "page_number": "309, 314, n. 2, fig. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152549"}, {"citation": "Fare\u0301, Michel, and Fabrice Fare\u0301. La vie silencieuse en France: la nature morte au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Fribourg: Office du Livre, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 217, fig. 332", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P., and William S. Talbot. Chardin and the Still-Life Tradition in France. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kahng, Eik, Anne Vallayer-Coster, Marianne Roland Michel, and Colin B. Bailey. Anne Vallayer-Coster, Painter to the Court of Marie-Antoinette. [Dallas, TX]: Dallas Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. 2, fig. 7, p. 197;", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cherry, Peter, Juan J. Luna, Natacha Sesen\u0303a, and Luis Mele\u0301ndez. Luis Mele\u0301ndez: bodegones. [Madrid]: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2004.", "page_number": "cat., fig. 42, p. 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Luna, Juan J. \"Mele\u0301ndez and the Development of Spanish and European Still Life Painting in the Eighteenth Century.\" In Mele\u0301ndez: Still Lifes. Peter Cherry, and Juan J. Luna, 44-79. [Dublin]: National Gallery of Ireland, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduction: P. 65-66, fig. 46", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.47", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.47/1971.47_web.jpg", "width": "1076", "height": "893", "filesize": "613361", "filename": "1971.47_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.47/1971.47_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2823", "filesize": "6026441", "filename": "1971.47_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.47/1971.47_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4566", "filesize": "75369940", "filename": "1971.47_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146148, "creators": [{"id": 1978, "description": "Anne Vallayer-Coster (French, 1744\u20131818)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1744", "death_year": "1818", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:20.955000"}, {"id": 130130, "accession_number": "1952.510", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cup with Daoist Figures (\u96d9\u4ed9\u4eba\u8033\u676f), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong period (1736\u201395). Pale greenish-white jade; diameter of mouth: 10.3 cm (4 1/16 in.); overall: 6.5 cm (2 9/16 in.); width with handles: 16 cm (6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1952.510", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Cup with Daoist Figures", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d9\u4ed9\u4eba\u8033\u676f", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong period (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Pale greenish-white jade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Yuan Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 10.3 cm (4 1/16 in.); Overall: 6.5 cm (2 9/16 in.); width with handles: 16 cm (6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.103}, "overall": {"height": 0.065}, "width with handles": {"width": 0.16}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377522, "title": "Chinese Jade", "description": "Chinese Jade. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 30, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207337, "title": "The World of Kubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty", "description": "The World of Kubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 20, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chinese Jade. The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (November 30-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-11-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Y\u00fcan Dynasty (1279-1368). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 2-November 24, 1968); Asia House, New York, NY (January 16-March 2, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chinese Jades from Han to Ch'ing. Asia House Gallery, New York, NY (October 9-December 7, 1980); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (January 12-February 22, 1981); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (March 26-May 10, 1981); Honolulu Academy of Arts, Honolulu, HI (July 17-September 13, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two female immortals serve as handles, while a Daoist procession with immortals, musicians, and attendants winds around the body of the cup.", "description": "During the Qing dynasty, Suzhou\u2019s best products were sent north to the capital. Those that met imperial approval were sometimes graced with Qianlong\u2019s mark, added by calligraphers and jade workers at court. The lack of a Qianlong mark on the Cleveland cup suggests that it might not have reached the court. Previously dated to the Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368), new scholarship dates this cup to the Qing period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760759"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.510-bowl-with-daoist-fig", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.510-cup-with-daoist-figu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cChinese Carved Jades.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 41, no. 4 (April 1954): 67\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141956"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 858", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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XXXIII, no. 3 (Autumn, 1970).", "page_number": "p. 323", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cJean-Baptiste Oudry: Hare and Leg of Lamb.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 5 (1970).", "page_number": "pp. 149-59", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152331"}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol C. \u201cJean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin: Still Life with Herring.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 9 (1974).", "page_number": "pp. 309, 313, n. 1, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152549"}, {"citation": "Fare\u0301, Michel, and Fabrice Fare\u0301. La vie silencieuse en France: la nature morte au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Fribourg: Office du Livre, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 125", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal N. Jean-Baptiste Oudry. New York: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "I, 120, 189, 552, no. P509, and II, 839, 945, 1116, fig. 288", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P., and William S. Talbot. Chardin and the Still-Life Tradition in France. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dunow, Esti. Chaim Soutine, 1893-1943. 1981.", "page_number": "fig. 139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106; Mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal, and Jean-Baptiste Oudry. J.-B. Oudry, 1686-1755: [Exhibition Catalog]. 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 206-7, cat. no. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exposition J.B Oudry, Grand Palais,...: Kunstchronik, v. 36, no. 2, (Feb. 1983).", "page_number": "p. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal, \"J-B. Oudry:Partridge and Young Rabbit Hung by the Feet,\" Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin, Vol. XLII, no. 2, (1987-88).", "page_number": "fig. 6, p. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Musee du Louvre, Department des peintures. Nouvelles Acquisitions du Department des Peintures (1987-1990), Paris:Editions de la Reunion des Musees Nationaux, (1991).", "page_number": "p. 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ebert-Schifferer, S., and Russell Stockman. Still life: a history. New York: Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 248 (repr.), 249, 250, fig. 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Melville, Stephen W. The Lure of the Object. Williamstown, Mass: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2005.", "page_number": "fig. 9, pg. 170", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lippincott, Louise, and Andreas Blu\u0308hm. Fierce Friends: Artists and Animals, 1750-1900. London: Merrell, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daverio, Philippe. The ideal museum: an art lover's dream collection. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 64-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa. The Painter's Touch: Boucher, Chardin, Fragonard. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 111-115; Reproduced: p. 112, 115", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.53", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "333936", "filename": "1969.53_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_print.jpg", "width": "2557", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5125258", "filename": "1969.53_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_full.tif", "width": "4137", "height": "5500", "filesize": "68290944", "filename": "1969.53_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-07-22T13:20:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.53/1969.53_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "893", "filesize": "93217"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.53/1969.53_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2653", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1507398"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.53/1969.53_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3112", "height": "3988", "filesize": "37267732"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144743, "creators": [{"id": 1949, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1742, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1742", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:35.366000"}, {"id": 119326, "accession_number": "1940.228", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Teapot, c. 1755\u201360. Nathaniel Hurd (American, 1730\u20131778). Silver, Wood; with handle: 14.5 x 24.4 cm (5 11/16 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Hollis French, 1940.228", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Teapot", "creation_date": "c. 1755\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Silver, Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "with handle: 14.5 x 24.4 cm (5 11/16 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"with handle": {"height": 0.145, "width": 0.244}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved: coat of arms of Gibbs on side.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 705378, "title": "Silver and American Tradition", "description": "Silver and American Tradition. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (February 13-March 19, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701687, "title": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton", "description": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (June 10-July 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 703567, "title": "Masterpieces of American Silver", "description": "Masterpieces of American Silver. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (organizer) (January 15-February 14, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hollis French, Annisquam, MA.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The master silversmith Nathaniel Hurd, whose portrait hangs nearby, made this teapot engraved with the crest of the family that commissioned it. Tea was a precious commodity in Colonial America and this silver piece would have held a place of honor at the owner's tea table.", "description": "This teapot not only demonstrates Hurd's mastery of the art of forging silver, but of engraving it as well. The design for the coat of arms of the Gibbs family incised on this teapot was probably taken from Guillim's Display of Heraldry, published in 1724. In Hurd's portrait by Copley the words \"Display of Heraldry/J. Guillim\" are visible on the spine of the large book shown at the sitter's elbow.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779298"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.228-teapot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"A Collection of Early American Silver Gift of Hollis French.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 27, no. 9 (November 1940): 131-142.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135; Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140882"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 332", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n177"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n177"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n216"}, {"citation": "Johnston, Phillip M. Catalogue of American Silver: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 136", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.228", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.228/1940.228_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "447608", "filename": "1940.228_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.228/1940.228_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "991992", "filename": "1940.228_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.228/1940.228_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4250", "filesize": "70156508", "filename": "1940.228_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Hollis French", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119326, "creators": [{"id": 33346, "description": "Nathaniel Hurd (American, 1730\u20131778)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1778", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:53.412000"}, {"id": 129300, "accession_number": "1952.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "George III, 1783. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Oil on canvas; framed: 152 x 127 x 9.5 cm (59 13/16 x 50 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 126.5 x 101 cm (49 13/16 x 39 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence S. Robbins, 1952.17", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "George III", "creation_date": "1783", "creation_date_earliest": 1783, "creation_date_latest": 1783, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 152 x 127 x 9.5 cm (59 13/16 x 50 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 126.5 x 101 cm (49 13/16 x 39 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.52, "width": 1.27, "depth": 0.095}, "unframed": {"height": 1.265, "width": 1.01}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"B. West. 17[?]3\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445018, "title": "Heritage Kingston", "description": "Heritage Kingston. Agnes Etherington Art Center/ Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (organizer) (June 3-October 27, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444306, "title": "The Dye is Now Cast, 1774 - 1776", "description": "The Dye is Now Cast, 1774 - 1776. National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC, Washington, DC (organizer) (April 19-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, The Royal Academy of Arts, (1783 (73?)). see Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from its Foundation in 1769 to 1904; see von Erffa and Staley's entry on painting for citation; if 1783, no. 73, p. 214.", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Inaugural Exhibition, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (6 June - 20 September 1916). listed p. 44, cat. no. 163, mistitled Portrait of the Duke of York.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Heritage Kingston, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario (3 June - 28 October 1973). cat. no. 26, pp. 34-35, illus. p. 34.", "opening_date": "1973-06-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": " \"The Dye is Now Cast\" The Road to American Independence, 1774-1776, The National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. (19 April - 16 November 1975). cat. no. 92, illus. p. 146.", "opening_date": "1975-04-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The World Turned Upside Down, Yorktown Victory Center, Yorktown, VA (9 May - 31 December 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "British New York 1664-1783, Museum of the City of New York, New York (15 April - 27 November 1983). illus. inside pamphlet in color.", "opening_date": "1983-04-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. T. Fisher, Sidcup, Kent, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1910", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(S.T. Smith & Son, London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Vose Gallery, Boston, MA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Otto Miller, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Elsa Woolworth Miller, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sale: Kende Galleries at Gimbel Brothers, New York, October 14, 1944)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "October 14, 1944", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence S. Robbins, Shaker Heights, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1952", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Over the king's shoulder is a cape trimmed with ermine, a fur associated with royalty.", "description": "King George III commissioned more than 80 paintings from West, including this portrait that celebrates his military leadership by presenting him in a suit of armor. Such an image likely was intended to bolster George III's reputation, which had been tarnished the previous year when he was forced to formally recognize American independence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515945"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.17-george-iii"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"A Check List: American Paintings and Watercolors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 60, no.1 (January 1973).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.35, no.186", "url": "www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/25152465?seq=15#metadata_info_contents"}, {"citation": " \"The Dye is Now Cast\" The Road to American Independence, 1774-1776, The National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. (19 April - 16 November 1975). cat. no. 92, illus. p. 146.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Kende Sales.\" The Art Digest (October 1, 1944).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.20 (misidentified as \"Duke of York\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freed, Kenneth J. \"How George III Helped the U.S.\" The Bridgeport Connecticut Post (August 17, 1975).", "page_number": "Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de. Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers 1776-1790. Edited by Stanley J. Idzerda. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.336", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, London. British Paintings. July 10 and July 17, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned under Lot 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erffa, Helmut von, and Allen Staley. The Paintings of Benjamin West. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.466", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Frederic A. Whiting: Founding the Museum with Art and Craft.\" In Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Edited by Evan H. Turner. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailyn, Bernard. The Great Republic: A History of the American People. Vol 1. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.258", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hedberg, Gregory. Yanks Paint Brits: From Benjamin West to Nelson Shanks, from King George III to the Princess of Wales. Exh. Cat. New York, N.Y.: Hirschl & Adler Galleries, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denver Art Museum. 600 Years of British Painting: The Berger Collection. Exh. Cat. Denver, CO: Denver Art Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griffin, Patrick. America's Revolution. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ilchman, Frederick, Thomas S. Michie, C. D. Dickerson, and Esther Bell. Casanova: The Seduction of Europe. Boston, MA: MFA Publications, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 195, fig. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gengler, Matthew. \"You Ask, We Answer.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no.5 (September/October 2019), 20.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 20.", "url": "archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-05/page/n9/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "186452", "filename": "1952.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2497673", "filename": "1952.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_full.tif", "width": "10021", "height": "12526", "filesize": "376597996", "filename": "1952.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "445000"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2703", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5775389"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3840", "height": "4831", "filesize": "55680244"}}, {"date_created": "2024-06-06T10:06:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "193339"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3195416"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10338", "height": "12921", "filesize": "400760748"}}, {"date_created": "2024-06-06T09:32:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "900", "filesize": "234005"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2765", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2816852"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.17/1952.17_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9413", "height": "11573", "filesize": "326840264"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence S. Robbins", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 129300, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-01-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1783, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:47.677000"}, {"id": 170235, "accession_number": "2012.41", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Artist's Studio, 1740s\u201350s. Johann Georg Platzer (Austrian, 1704\u20131761). Oil on copper; framed: 55.6 x 73.3 cm (21 7/8 x 28 7/8 in.); unframed: 41.9 x 60 cm (16 1/2 x 23 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund by exchange, 2012.41", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "The Artist's Studio", "creation_date": "1740s\u201350s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "oil on copper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Paintings", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 55.6 x 73.3 cm (21 7/8 x 28 7/8 in.); Unframed: 41.9 x 60 cm (16 1/2 x 23 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.556, "width": 0.733}, "unframed": {"height": 0.419, "width": 0.6}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left \"JG Platzer\"; inscribed on print lower center left \"Spranger\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Delikatesse der Malerei: Meisterwerke von Johann Georg Platzer. Alte Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz (September 19, 2007 - January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-09-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely\u2014there are 12 paintings within this painting!", "description": "Johann Georg Platzer specialized in small, highly detailed paintings scaled for a connoisseur\u2019s cabinet. At the center of this composition is an idealized portrait of the artist himself, clad in a fur-lined robe and holding a painting for the inspection of a visiting connoisseur. This work makes a statement about painting as a noble and intellectual pursuit, and the importance of rigorous training and practice: the artist at the easel is surrounded by a studio teeming with live models, pupils, assistants, and inspiring examples of art from earlier eras. The paintings on the wall, easel, and floor not only reference great artists of the past, but together present an allegory of the five senses.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480966"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.41-the-artist-s-studio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Becker, Ulrich. Delikatesse der Malerei: Meisterwerke von Johann Georg Platzer. Alte Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 19. September 2007-13. Ja\u0308nner 2008. Graz: Landesmuseum Joanneum, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [138]; pp.144-145. cat. #36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krapf, Michael. Johann Georg Platzer: der Farbenzauberer des Barock 1704-1761. Wien: Brandst\u00e4tte, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 116-117; 314, cat. #128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schaefer, Iris, Anna Bungenberg, and Caroline von Saint-George. Entdeckt!: Maltechniken von Martini bis Monet. 2021, 101.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101 and 113; Reproduced: p. 101, Abb. 116 and p. 113, Abb. 135.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.41", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "238893", "filename": "2012.41_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2388", "filesize": "1581309", "filename": "2012.41_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_full.tif", "width": "6277", "height": "4410", "filesize": "83068064", "filename": "2012.41_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-02T18:33:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.41/2012.41_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "890", "filesize": "212629"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.41/2012.41_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2396", "filesize": "1788918"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.41/2012.41_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6613", "height": "4662", "filesize": "92512832"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-02T18:49:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.41/2012.41_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1147", "height": "893", "filesize": "260917"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.41/2012.41_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2646", "filesize": "2067110"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.41/2012.41_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6332", "height": "4928", "filesize": "93635668"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 170235, "creators": [{"id": 62091, "description": "Johann Georg Platzer (Austrian, 1704\u20131761)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1704", "death_year": "1761", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1740s\u201350s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:24.756000"}, {"id": 99445, "accession_number": "1919.1018", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "British Manufactory; A Sketch, 1791. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Oil on paper mounted on wood; framed: 67.4 x 80 x 5.2 cm (26 9/16 x 31 1/2 x 2 1/16 in.); unframed: 51 x 65 cm (20 1/16 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1919.1018", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "British Manufactory; A Sketch", "creation_date": "1791", "creation_date_earliest": 1791, "creation_date_latest": 1791, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on paper mounted on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67.4 x 80 x 5.2 cm (26 9/16 x 31 1/2 x 2 1/16 in.); Unframed: 51 x 65 cm (20 1/16 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.674, "width": 0.8, "depth": 0.052}, "unframed": {"height": 0.51, "width": 0.65}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower center: B. West 1791", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519256, "title": "The World of Benjamin West", "description": "The World of Benjamin West. Allentown Art Museum, Allentown, PA (organizer) (May 1-July 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 455290, "title": "The Age of Neoclassicism", "description": "The Age of Neoclassicism. Arts Council of Great Britain (organizer) (September 7-November 19, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-09-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443389, "title": "Zwei Jahrhunderk Englische Malerei (British Painting and the European Continent)", "description": "Zwei Jahrhunderk Englische Malerei (British Painting and the European Continent). Haus der Kunst, Munich, Munich, Germany (organizer) (November 20, 1979-January 27, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Charitable Mechanics Association, Fine Arts Department, Boston, MA (1878).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raphael L. West [1769-1850] and Benjamin West, Jr. [1772-1849], the artist's sons, by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(London sale, 1829)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1829", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. S.J. Tuttle, Boston, MA, 1878", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1878", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(William Macbeth Gallery, New York, NY, 1919, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Benjamin West was the first American artist to attain international fame.", "description": "As part of his work for the British court, Benjamin West produced several compositions celebrating the strength of the nation's economy. In this example, women in classical costumes paint vases, spin, and weave\u2014a comparison of British manufacturing with the accomplishments of antiquity. One of a series of nine related sketches, this design was copied as a large mural decorating the Queen's Lodge at Windsor Castle, a room eliminated by remodeling in 1823.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503184"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1018-british-manufactory"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gottlieb, Rachel, The Portland Vase:Mania and Muse, exh. cat. (Sacramento, CA: Croker Art Museum, 2024).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 43; reproduced, p. 45, and pp. 107-108 (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brayley, E. W, and J Britton. The Beauties of England and Wales : Or, Original Delineations, Topographical, Historical, and Descriptive of Each Country. London, United Kingdom: Vernor, 1801.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260 vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215, no. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Annmary Brown Memorial, Rush C. Hawkins, and C. H. Collins Baker. Paintings in Oil & Water Colours by Early & Modern Painters. London, United Kingdom: Printed for the owner by the Medici Society, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 132-34.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136315"}, {"citation": "Barker, Virgil. American Painting, History and Interpretation. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 199-211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galt, John. The Life of Benjamin West (1816-1820). Gainesville, FL: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 214, 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Croft-Murray, Edward. Decorative Painting in England, 1537-1837. London, United Kingdom: Country Life, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 290-292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Allentown Art Museum. The World of Benjamin West: Being the Account, Ornamented by Reproductions, of the Art of a Native Pennsylvanian, from His Early Attempts at Face-Painting and the Painting of History to His Final Eminent Station As President of the Royal Academy, & Followed by Notable Examples from the Most Eminent Painters of the British Realm and of the Continent and Those of the Most Assiduous Students of Mr. West's Instruction ... : to Be Freely Admired by the Lovers of Both Art and History, between May 1st and July 31st of This Bi-Centennial Year in Allentown. Allentown, PA: Printed for the Allentown Art Museum, 1962.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art; distributed by H.N. Abrams, New York, 1964.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Skidmore College. American Allegorical Paintings, Drawings and Prints. Saratoga Springs, NY.: Hathorn Gallery, Skidmore College, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Council of Europe, Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain), Victoria and Albert Museum, and Arts Council of Great Britain. The Age of Neo-Classicism: [Catalogue of] The Fourteenth Exhibition of the Council of Europe [Held at] the Royal Academy and the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 9 September - 19 November, 1972. London, United Kingdom: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1972.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Irwin, David G. Neoclassicism. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-175; Reproduced: p.173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maryland Historical Society, and John B. Boles. Maryland Heritage: Five Baltimore Institutions Celebrate the American Bicentennial. Baltimore, MD: The Society, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gage, John, and Michael Kitson. Zwei Jahrhunderte englische Malerei: britische Kunst und Europa 1680 bis 1880. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Haus der Kunst, 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Forty, Adrian. Objects of Desire. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-17; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erffa, Helmut von, and Allen Staley. The Paintings of Benjamin West. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90, 93, 409-411; Reproduced: p.411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boime, Albert. Art in an Age of Revolution, 1750-1800. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 370-382; Reproduced: p. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reilly, Robin. Wedgwood. New York, NY: Stockton Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 663-684; Reproduced: p. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rouet, Philippe. Approaches to the study of Attic vases: Beazley and Pottier. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 21-24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fox, Celina. The Arts of Industry in the Age of Enlightenment. New Haven CT: Yale University Press for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 353-354", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1018", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": "397256", "filename": "1919.1018_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2687", "filesize": "5114182", "filename": "1919.1018_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_full.tif", "width": "9460", "height": "7475", "filesize": "212172044", "filename": "1919.1018_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1130", "height": "893", "filesize": "850521"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2686", "filesize": "6760573"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4366", "height": "3449", "filesize": "45205084"}}, {"date_created": "2023-03-06T16:50:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": "304712"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2716", "filesize": "3457771"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13892", "height": "11099", "filesize": "462596008"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 99445, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-06-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1791, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1791", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:57.747000"}, {"id": 122920, "accession_number": "1943.179", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea Caddy, 1741\u20131742. Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751). Silver gilt; overall: 13.4 x 9.6 x 5.8 cm (5 1/4 x 3 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, 1943.179", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Tea Caddy", "creation_date": "1741\u20131742", "creation_date_earliest": 1741, "creation_date_latest": 1742, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 13.4 x 9.6 x 5.8 cm (5 1/4 x 3 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.134, "width": 0.096, "depth": 0.058}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 704978, "title": "Three Centuries of English Silver", "description": "Three Centuries of English Silver. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (September 29-November 12, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-09-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 703169, "title": "The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect", "description": "The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Thomas S. [Emilie Schmidt] Grasselli [1877-1953], Shaker Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1943", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The curving shape of this tea caddy is echoed by the scrolling lines and swirling naturalistic ornament on all four sides.", "description": "In the 1600s and 1700s, silver played a significant role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life. Tea was likewise a highly valued commodity, and as such, silver caddies like this one were designed to display the social distinction of its owner. This canister\u2019s prominently sloping shoulders were designed by Paul Jacques de Lamerie in the early 1730s and became a standard form for tea caddies by the end of the decade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778610"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.179-tea-caddy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.179", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "826", "filesize": "189366", "filename": "1943.179_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3120", "filesize": "1532686", "filename": "1943.179_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_full.tif", "width": "5891", "height": "5405", "filesize": "95548124", "filename": "1943.179_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-05-05T16:09:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.179/1943.179_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "900", "filesize": "131799"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.179/1943.179_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1472133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.179/1943.179_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3302", "height": "4273", "filesize": "42352796"}}, {"date_created": "2008-05-05T15:50:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.179/1943.179_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "695", "filesize": "110832"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.179/1943.179_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "1234624"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.179/1943.179_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4457", "height": "3444", "filesize": "46073564"}}], "creditline": "The Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122920, "creators": [{"id": 8200, "description": "Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1688", "death_year": "1751", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-04-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1741, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1741\u20131742", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:16.235000"}, {"id": 99443, "accession_number": "1919.1016", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jeremiah Belknap, c. 1758. Joseph Badger (American, 1708\u20131765). Oil on canvas; framed: 121.9 x 97.2 x 7.6 cm (48 x 38 1/4 x 3 in.); unframed: 107 x 84 cm (42 1/8 x 33 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1919.1016", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Jeremiah Belknap", "creation_date": "c. 1758", "creation_date_earliest": 1753, "creation_date_latest": 1763, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 121.9 x 97.2 x 7.6 cm (48 x 38 1/4 x 3 in.); Unframed: 107 x 84 cm (42 1/8 x 33 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.219, "width": 0.972, "depth": 0.076}, "unframed": {"height": 1.07, "width": 0.84}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315762, "title": "Four Centuries of American Art", "description": "Four Centuries of American Art. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, MN (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, Exhibition of Early American Portraits (20 January-8 March 1925), cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1925-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Minneapolis, University Gallery, University of Minnesota, Survey of Colonial and Provincial Painting (1 February-1 March 1939), cat. no. 2, illus. p. 12.", "opening_date": "1939-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, FL, The Society of the Four Arts, From Plymouth Rock to the Armory (9 February-5 March 1950), cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1950-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, OH, Akron Art Institute, Survey of 19th Century American Paintings (November 2\u2013December 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-11-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Elrich Galleries, New York 1919", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["564.19"], "did_you_know": "Badger was also a glazier, a tradesman who fits glass into doors and windows.", "description": "Lacking formal training, Badger got his start painting houses and signs in Boston, then shifted his focus to accommodate the increasing market for portraits in the colonies. Jeremiah Belknap is shown here at about 7 years old, but his attire gives him the appearance of a miniature adult. The artist\u2019s portraits of children often include fruit and animals\u2014the ripening peach in Belknap\u2019s right hand suggests maturation, while the dog at his feet symbolizes loyalty.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503170"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1016-jeremiah-belknap"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, Exhibition of Early American Portraits (20 January-8 March 1925)", "page_number": "cat. no. 1.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 5 (1919): 97-98.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136292"}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Portrait of Jeremiah Belknap by Joseph Badger.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 123-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp.123-125", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136307"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \"Report on the Department of Colonial Art.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 130-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.130", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136313"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \"Joseph Badger of Boston, and His Portraits of Children.\" Old-Time New England 13, no.3 (January 1923). Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, Boston, MA.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.103-105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute. Exhibition of Early American Portraits. Exh. Cat. 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Cat. No.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. Five Colonial Artists of New England: Joseph Badger, Joseph Blackburn, John Singleton Copley, Robert Feke, John Smibert. Boston, MA: Privately Printed, 1929.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.27 (as \"John Joy, Jr.\")", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20; cat. no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "University of Minnesota. Survey of Colonial and Provincial Painting. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.36; Reproduced: p.12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barker, Virgil. American Painting, History and Interpretation. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Society of the Four Arts. From Plymouth Rock to the Armory. Exh. Cat. Palm Beach, FL: The Society of the Four Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Ca. No.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. Art and Life in America. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.52; Reproduced: p.50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Minneapolis Institute of Arts, and Forrest Selvig. Four Centuries of American Art. Minneapolis, MN: The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nylander, Richard C. \"Joseph Badger, American Portrait Painter.\" MA Thesis, State University of New York College at Oneonta at its Cooperstown Graduate Programs, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 60, no.1 (January 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1016", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1016/1919.1016_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "392926", "filename": "1919.1016_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1016/1919.1016_print.jpg", "width": "2684", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5223306", "filename": "1919.1016_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1016/1919.1016_full.tif", "width": "3592", "height": "4551", "filesize": "49056616", "filename": "1919.1016_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 99443, "creators": [{"id": 2547, "description": "Joseph Badger (American, 1708\u20131765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1708", "death_year": "1765", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-03-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1753, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1758", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:45.877000"}, {"id": 111479, "accession_number": "1929.96", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Miracles of Saint James the Greater, 1726. No\u00ebl Nicolas Coypel (French, 1690\u20131734). Oil on canvas; framed: 129.5 x 107.5 x 10.5 cm (51 x 42 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 102 x 80.7 cm (40 3/16 x 31 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Felix Wildenstein, 1929.96", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "The Miracles of Saint James the Greater", "creation_date": "1726", "creation_date_earliest": 1726, "creation_date_latest": 1726, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 129.5 x 107.5 x 10.5 cm (51 x 42 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 102 x 80.7 cm (40 3/16 x 31 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.295, "width": 1.075, "depth": 0.105}, "unframed": {"height": 1.02, "width": 0.807}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"N. Coypel / 1726\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335745, "title": "H\u00e9ritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760", "description": "H\u00e9ritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (organizer) (October 6-November 6, 1961); Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec (November 16-December 6, 1961); National Gallery of Canada (January 4-February 4, 1962); Art Gallery of Ontario (February 16-March 18, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519008, "title": "Heritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760", "description": "Heritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal (October 6-November 6, 1961); Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec, Quebec City, Canada (November 16-December 16, 1961); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (January 4-February 4, 1962); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (February 16-March 18, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335753, "title": "Great Stories in Art", "description": "Great Stories in Art. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (February 13-March 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515898, "title": "Great Stories in Art", "description": "Great Stories in Art. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (February 13-March 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Elliott Gregory (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Felix Wildenstein, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1929.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "No\u00ebl Nicolas Coypel combined two stories associated with Saint James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Christ. In the foreground is the magician Hermogenes, begging forgiveness. Hermogenes had cast a spell on James, but the saint turned the curse back on him. When James offered to protect Hermogenes against the demons assaulting him, the magician cast aside his pagan texts in favor of Christianity. According to the second legend, James miraculously cured a paralytic man (in the middle ground at right), thereby averting his own execution and causing the prosecutor to convert. Although this painting is relatively small, the clear composition, grand architectural setting, and dignified and expressive poses of the figures endow it with monumental presence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513326"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.96-the-miracles-of-sain"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Cleveland.\" ARTnews (May 11, 1929): 22.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. He\u0301ritage De France; French Painting 1610-1760. Montreal: Museum of Fine Arts, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 20, Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 63-65, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, W. S. \"Jean-Francois De Troy: Pan and Syrinx.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXI, no. 8 (October, 1974): 250-259.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition] 1975-1976, the Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7, the Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22, the National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2. [Toledo, OH]: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lomax, David. \"Noe\u0308l-Nicolas Coypel (1690-1734).\" Revue De L'Art 57 (1982): 29-48.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.96", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "404167", "filename": "1929.96_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_print.jpg", "width": "2673", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5404544", "filename": "1929.96_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_full.tif", "width": "4596", "height": "5846", "filesize": "80638252", "filename": "1929.96_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "438069"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5778208"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3965", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59494248"}}, {"date_created": "2009-04-27T19:32:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "893", "filesize": "434044"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6820571"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4877", "height": "6042", "filesize": "88433088"}}, {"date_created": "2009-04-27T15:12:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "758", "height": "893", "filesize": "564607"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2886", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7887658"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.96/1929.96_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5881", "filesize": "88111480"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Felix Wildenstein", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 111479, "creators": [{"id": 1907, "description": "No\u00ebl Nicolas Coypel (French, 1690\u20131734)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1734", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-03-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1726, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1726", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["St. James the Greater and the Magician Hermogenes", "St. James the Great and the Magician"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:41.943000"}, {"id": 302209, "accession_number": "2017.100", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Colonel Charles Heathcote, c. 1771\u201372. Joseph Wright of Derby (British, 1734\u20131797). Oil on canvas; 127 x 100 cm (50 x 39 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2017.100", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Colonel Charles Heathcote", "creation_date": "c. 1771\u201372", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1772, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "127 x 100 cm (50 x 39 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.27, "width": 1.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306886, "title": "Recent Acquisitions", "description": "Recent Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-June 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Recent Acquisitions 2014-2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art (March 17, 2018 - June 6, 2018)", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Colonel Charles Heathcote (1730\u20131803) and by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1771-2 - 1985", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, April 26, 1985, no. 113)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private Collection, USA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, November 12, 1997, no. 69)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, June 8, 1999, no. 13)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, January 26, 2011, no. 35)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011 - 2017", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Thos. Agnew and Sons Ltd., London, from whom purchased by the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The handful of small-scale, full-length portraits Wright painted early in his career include his earliest experiments in landscape painting.", "description": "Assuming a relaxed but commanding pose, Colonel Charles Heathcote (1734\u20131797) stands beside a large oak tree in the foreground of an expansive landscape. He wears military dress, the single epaulette on his right shoulder designating his rank as colonel. Wright\u2019s composition demonstrates his new-found fascination with landscape: while the figure is relatively smoothly painted, the landscape is painted far more energetically, using thickly applied daubs of color.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482915"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2017.100-portrait-of-colonel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bemrose, William, W. Cosmo Monkhouse, and Francis Seymour Haden. The Life and Works of Joseph Wright, A.R.A., Commonly Called \"Wright of Derby\". London, 1885.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. Joseph Wright of Derby: Painter of Light. London: Paul Mellon Foundation for British Art; Routledge and K. Paul, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 17, 36 and 203 (no. 79); Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Egerton, Judy. In Wright of Derby, p. 75 (under no. 31). Exh. cat. London: Tate Gallery Publications, 1990.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Egerton, Judy. National Gallery Catalogues: The British School . London: National Gallery Publications, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Amina. In Joseph Wright of Derby: Bath and Beyond. Exh. cat. Bath: The Holburne Museum, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faroult, Guillaume. De Gainsborough a\u0300 Turner: l'a\u0302ge d'or du paysage et du portrait anglais dans les collections du muse\u0301e du Louvre. Exh. cat. Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Art et d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie de Valence, and Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Quimper, in association with Milan: Silvana, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 146 (under no. 33)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Masterpiece London (Art fair) London, England) (2018 : Masterpiece London 2018 Magazine. London: Apollo, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wieseman, Marjorie E. and Korkow, Cory. \"Acquisition Highlights. European Painting and Sculpture, 1500-1800.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): 21-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 5, 22; Mentioned: P. 7, 21, 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n1/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Reimagining the British Galleries: Our curators preview the new look of the space.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 59, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 5-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 7.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.100", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "900", "filesize": "282129", "filename": "2017.100_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_print.jpg", "width": "2717", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3827009", "filename": "2017.100_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_full.tif", "width": "11393", "height": "14258", "filesize": "487354648", "filename": "2017.100_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2017-08-09T15:17:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.100/2017.100_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "900", "filesize": "212202"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.100/2017.100_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3523448"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.100/2017.100_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5927", "height": "7343", "filesize": "130595284"}}, {"date_created": "2017-11-17T09:04:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.100/2017.100_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "900", "filesize": "294210"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.100/2017.100_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2776", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3733551"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.100/2017.100_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5758", "height": "7052", "filesize": "121846968"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 302209, "creators": [{"id": 25419, "description": "Joseph Wright of Derby (British, 1734\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1734", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2017-09-11T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1771\u201372", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:20.409000"}, {"id": 99429, "accession_number": "1919.1006", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Charles Apthorp, 1748. Robert Feke (American, c. 1707\u2013c. 1752). Oil on canvas; framed: 141.5 x 117.5 x 7.5 cm (55 11/16 x 46 1/4 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 127 x 101.5 cm (50 x 39 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1919.1006", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Charles Apthorp", "creation_date": "1748", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 141.5 x 117.5 x 7.5 cm (55 11/16 x 46 1/4 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 127 x 101.5 cm (50 x 39 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.415, "width": 1.175, "depth": 0.075}, "unframed": {"height": 1.27, "width": 1.015}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: R F P/174[8]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700602, "title": "American Portraits", "description": "American Portraits. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (February 23-March 18, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518612, "title": "200th Birthday of the Apthorp Mansion", "description": "200th Birthday of the Apthorp Mansion. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (October 17-November 5, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518691, "title": "American Realists", "description": "American Realists. Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada (organizer) (March 11-April 23, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444496, "title": "Paul Revere's Boston, 1735 - 1818", "description": "Paul Revere's Boston, 1735 - 1818. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (April 18-October 12, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-04-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1909-14.", "opening_date": "1909-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936) illus. cat. no. 26, plate II, listed p. 23.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, Allen Memorial Art Museum, The Arts in America in the Eighteenth Century (May, 1946), illus. cat. no. 5, p. 70, listed p. 68; see Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum (May, 1946) vol. 3, no. 3 for catalogue.", "opening_date": "1946-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Robert Feke (8-30 October 1946); traveled to Huntington, Long, Island, Heckscher Art Museum (2-10 November 1946); to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (27 November-22 December 1946) illus. cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1946-11-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "[Huntington, New York, Heckscher Art Museum, Robert Feke: Native Colonial Painter (2-10 November, 1946), they had their own, second catalogue; illus. p. 26.", "opening_date": "1946-11-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Likeness of America: 1680-1820 (5 July-4 September 1949) illus. cat. no. 25, plate 7.", "opening_date": "1949-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, Florida, Society of the Four Arts, Plymouth Rock to the Armory (9 February-5 March, 1950) cat. no. 3, not illus.", "opening_date": "1950-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Vancouver, Vancouver Art Gallery, Two Hundred Years of American Painting (8 March-3 April 1955), illus. cat. no. 3, plate 3.", "opening_date": "1955-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum, Recent Rediscoveries in American Painting (3 October-6 November, 1955), cat. no. 38.", "opening_date": "1955-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 200th Birthday Celebration of the Apthorp Mansion (17 October-5 November 1960)", "opening_date": "1960-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hamilton, Ontario, Art Gallery of Hamilton, American Realists: An Exhibition of American Paintings from the Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (11 March-23 April 1961) illus. cat. no. 20.", "opening_date": "1961-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Peoria, IL, Lakeview Center for the Arts and Sciences, 200 Years of American Painting (27 March-28 April 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Paul Revere's Boston: 1735-1818 (18 April-21 October 1975) illus. cat. no. 44, p. 43 listed p. 220; also included pp. 27-57.", "opening_date": "1975-04-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the sitter; To Sarah Apthorp Cunningham Bond, Cambridge, MA (d. 1914); To her son William Cranch Bond, Malden, MA; Thomas B. Clarke, New York ; The Brook Club, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Much remains unknown regarding artist Robert Feke\u2019s life, including his birth and death dates.", "description": "Called \u201cthe greatest merchant on this Continent\u201d in his obituary, Apthorp helped transform Boston into one of the key commercial centers in the American colonies. When the fashionable painter Robert Feke came to town, Apthorp commissioned this elegantly tailored and confidently posed likeness of himself. The sailing ship in the distant background symbolizes Apthorp\u2019s deep financial interests in the Atlantic trade, which included not only textiles, wine, and guns, but also enslaved people. In fact, the slave trade and its attendant commerce comprised a significant portion of colonial Boston\u2019s economy until the decades after the Revolutionary War, when anti-slavery attitudes in New England gained momentum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503163"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1006-charles-apthorp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M., \"Superb Art Display Marks Cleveland Museum's 20th Anniversary,\" Art Digest 10 (July 1, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Portrait of Charles Apthorp by Robert Feke.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 5 (1919): 79-80.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 79-80", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136287"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 6 (1919): 113-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136301"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \"Report on the Department of Colonial Art.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 130-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.130", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136313"}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n19"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 526", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n97"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n179"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n179"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n217"}, {"citation": "Anishanslin, Zara. Portrait of a Woman in Silk: Hidden Histories of the British Atlantic World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 264", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1006", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1006/1919.1006_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "365117", "filename": "1919.1006_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1006/1919.1006_print.jpg", "width": "2722", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5844528", "filename": "1919.1006_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1006/1919.1006_full.tif", "width": "4403", "height": "5500", "filesize": "72680588", "filename": "1919.1006_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 99429, "creators": [{"id": 2550, "description": "Robert Feke (American, c. 1707\u2013c. 1752)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1707", "death_year": "1752", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-03-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1748", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:46.608000"}, {"id": 163042, "accession_number": "2003.6.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry, and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy, 1798. Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832). Oil on canvas; overall: 275 x 235 cm (108 1/4 x 92 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2003.6.3", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry, and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy", "creation_date": "1798", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 275 x 235 cm (108 1/4 x 92 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.75, "width": 2.35}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "In 1819, Nicolas-Antoine de Castella, general of the Swiss regiments in France, purchased the paintings and placed them in his Castle of Wallenreid, Switzerland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "direct descendants", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Pierre de Castella, Mannaz, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2003-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Urania leans on a starry orb, indicating her role as the muse of astronomy.", "description": "A recipient of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1789, Charles Meynier became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1815 and painted large ceiling decorations at the Louvre and numerous pictures glorifying the Napoleonic legend. Erato, Muse of Lyrical Poetry belongs to a cycle of five paintings executed to fulfill a commission from businessman Fran\u00e7ois Boyer-Fonfr\u00e9de. They were intended to decorate his home in his native Toulouse and constitute a rare instance of a complete cycle of major paintings that remain intact rather than being split up and separately dispersed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479815"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.3-apollo-god-of-light"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n3/"}, {"citation": "Bracken Sparks, Amy, \"Disappearing Act.\" Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 48 no. 5 (May/June 2008): 10-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-05/page/10"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.6.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.3/2003.6.3_web.jpg", "width": "759", "height": "893", "filesize": "393947", "filename": "2003.6.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.3/2003.6.3_print.jpg", "width": "2891", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5138378", "filename": "2003.6.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.3/2003.6.3_full.tif", "width": "5101", "height": "6000", "filesize": "91850808", "filename": "2003.6.3_full.tif"}}, 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The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and is likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. The oversized format for Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry, and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy, comprises two canvases that are vertically seamed together (right of the central axis) to form one large canvas. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, and Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:54.897000"}, {"id": 163043, "accession_number": "2003.6.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry, 1798. Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832). Oil on canvas; overall: 275 x 177 cm (108 1/4 x 69 11/16 in.). 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She was also known as the goddess of epic poetry and conferred the gift of eloquence on kings and princes. She stands here before a bust of Homer, the ancient Greek poet who wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad. This painting belongs to a cycle of five works commissioned by businessman Fran\u00e7ois Boyer-Fonfr\u00e9de for his home in Toulouse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479828"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.4-calliope-muse-of-epi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. 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The studio in which Meynier received his training was known by the students of David as the atelier of the\"perruques,\" (the wigs) the name given to royalists or conservatives during that period.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1832", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1798", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": "Before entering the collection, this entire suite of five monumental paintings by Charles Meynier had numerous conservation issues, including pronounced discolored varnish, years of accumulated grime, and canvases that were detaching from their stretchers, creating large buckles along the edges. The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and is likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry displayed the most traction cracking, notably in the green drapery. This area received extensive inpainting within the cracking with reversible conservation grade paint to produce a more unified image. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:30.092000"}, {"id": 145937, "accession_number": "1971.145", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase with Golden Pheasants (\u73d0\u7405\u5f69\u9326\u96de\u82b1\u5349\u849c\u982d\u74f6), 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-95). Porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over transparent glaze; overall: 18.6 x 10.5 cm (7 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.145", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Vase with Golden Pheasants", "title_in_original_language": "\u73d0\u7405\u5f69\u9326\u96de\u82b1\u5349\u849c\u982d\u74f6", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over transparent glaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 18.6 x 10.5 cm (7 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.186, "width": 0.105}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "Year in Review: 1972. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Russell Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1931", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(John Sparks, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1971\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Refined porcelains produced in Jingdezhen kilns were sent to Beijing palace workshops to be decorated in falangcai technique under direct imperial supervision.", "description": "The flower-and-bird painting in this vase was intricately executed in colored enamels (falangcai), with careful modeling, shading, and blending of colors reflecting European influences through missionary-artists at the Qing court. The Jesuit artist Giuseppe Castiglione (1688\u20131766), in particular, exerted tremendous impact at the Qianlong academy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741614"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.145-vase-with-golden-phe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hobson, R. L., Bernard Rackham, and William King. Chinese Ceramics in Private Collections. London: Halton & T. Smith, Ltd, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; Reproduced: plate 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hobson, R. L., Bernard Rackham, and William King. Chinese Ceramics in Private Collections. London: Halton & T. Smith, Ltd, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; Reproduced: plate 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Barbara Hutton Collection of Chinese Porcelain; [Exhibition] Honolulu Academy of Arts, November 1956-January 1957. Honolulu: [Honolulu Academy of Arts], 1957.", "page_number": "p. 30, pl. XXI; p. 31, pl. XXII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 360", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n380"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "cat. no. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hai wai yi zhen. Tao ci. San [Chinese Art in Overseas Collections, Pottery and Porcelain III = \u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u9676\u74f7. \u4e09]. Zhonghua min guo Taibei Shi, Shilin qu \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u58eb\u6797\u5340: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199, plate 199", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.145", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "208012", "filename": "1971.145_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2592261", "filename": "1971.145_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75526588", "filename": "1971.145_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-08-29T18:30:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.145/1971.145_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "199423"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.145/1971.145_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2348", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2632779"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.145/1971.145_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "5932", "filesize": "72921332"}}, {"date_created": "2005-08-29T19:34:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.145/1971.145_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "820", "height": "893", "filesize": "307902"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.145/1971.145_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3798242"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.145/1971.145_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3390", "height": "3691", "filesize": "37567692"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145937, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Suan-t'ou p'ing: Vase"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:04.997000"}, {"id": 115163, "accession_number": "1935.310", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu), 1800s, before 1896. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild. Gold; diameter: 9.8 cm (3 7/8 in.); overall: 1.3 cm (1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.310", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu)", "creation_date": "1800s, before 1896", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1895, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Diameter: 9.8 cm (3 7/8 in.); Overall: 1.3 cm (1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.098}, "overall": {"height": 0.013}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301819, "title": "African Textiles and Decorative Arts", "description": "African Textiles and Decorative Arts. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 11, 1972-January 31, 1973); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (March 20-May 31, 1973); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (July 2-August 31, 1973); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 3-December 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-08-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444266, "title": "The Arts of Ghana", "description": "The Arts of Ghana. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 11-December 11, 1977); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 11-March 26, 1978); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (May 3-July 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum: Masterpieces of African Art, cat. no. 34.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "NY: The Museum of Modern Art, 1972-1973: African Textiles and Decorative Arts. Also to Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1973; M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, 1973; and the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1973, cat. no. 162.", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Dickson Art Center, 1977-1978: The Arts of Ghana, cat. no. 324, p. 153, repr. p. 155. Also to the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, February 11-March 26, 1978, and the Dallas Museum of Art, May 30-July 2, 1978.", "opening_date": "1978-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, African Emblems of Status, October 21, 1982-April 30, 1983.", "opening_date": "1982-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, African Art in the Cycle of Life, September 15, 1987-March 20, 1988.", "opening_date": "1987-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Elmina: Art and Trade on the West African Coast, October 14, 1992-February 28, 1993.", "opening_date": "1992-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 36, p. 117, color repr. p. 32.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Exhibition Catalogue African Negro Art (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card, 9/14/35 (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?-1896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Exhibition Catalogue African Negro Art (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card, 9/14/35 (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Akan goldsmiths were organized into guilds, a kind of specialized group of artisans.", "description": "Gold discs dangling on the chests of Akan state officials and elites showed their rank and duties. Worn by these akrafo (\u201csoul people\u201d) since the 1800s, they are often linked to kradware, officials who represent and purify (\u201cwash\u201d) the king\u2019s soul. To make them, goldsmiths cast or flattened gold. Muslim North African gold coins likely inspired their form and material, while concentric water rings influenced their composition. This small disc is a typical pre-colonial example: asantehene (king) Prempeh I reportedly owned this disk. The British emptied his treasury after deposing and exiling him in 1896. Gold ornament making ceased until 1924; court officials now wear large discs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008268"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.310-disk-pendant-akrafok"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sieber, Roy. African Textiles and Decorative Arts. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1972. P. 137.", "page_number": "P. 137.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \u201cAfrican Textiles and Decorative Arts.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 60, no. 9 (November 1973).", "page_number": "Repr. back cover.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25152495"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d African Arts 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sieber, Roy, and Roslyn Adele Walker. African Art in the Cycle of Life. Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987. Exhibition catalog.", "page_number": "p. 102, cat. no. 53, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Geary, Christraud M. and Andrea Nicolls. Elmina: Art and Trade on the West African Coast. Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Exhibition catalogue.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hudon, Fran\u00e7ois, Line Lamarre, and Michel Vervais. R\u00e9alit\u00e9s : Histoire et \u00e9ducation \u00e0 La Citoyennet\u00e9. Qu\u00e9bec : ERP Inc., 2008.", "page_number": "Fig. 5.18.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32, no. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. African Negro Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M., and Doran H. Ross. The Arts of Ghana. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; reproduced: p. 155, fig. 324", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 202-203, fig. 515", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101, cat. 58", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.310", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_web.jpg", "width": "808", "height": "900", "filesize": "186512", "filename": "1935.310_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_print.jpg", "width": "3051", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2282990", "filename": "1935.310_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_full.tif", "width": "9556", "height": "10650", "filesize": "305343528", "filename": "1935.310_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-06-10T16:13:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.310/1935.310_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "939", "height": "893", "filesize": "519695"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.310/1935.310_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3234", "filesize": "5962830"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.310/1935.310_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4082", "height": "3883", "filesize": "47572344"}}, {"date_created": "2025-10-02T22:29:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.310/1935.310_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "804", "height": "900", "filesize": "183651"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.310/1935.310_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3036", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2204322"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.310/1935.310_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9509", "height": "10650", "filesize": "303841696"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115163, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s, before 1896", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soul Disk Pendant (krakonmu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:10.411000"}, {"id": 123435, "accession_number": "1943.659", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sophie Crouzet, c. 1801. Louis Hersent (French, 1777\u20131860). Oil on fabric; framed: 101 x 85.5 x 12.5 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 x 4 15/16 in.); unframed: 81.2 x 65 cm (31 15/16 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.659", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Sophie Crouzet", "creation_date": "c. 1801", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1806, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th-early 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 101 x 85.5 x 12.5 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 x 4 15/16 in.); Unframed: 81.2 x 65 cm (31 15/16 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.01, "width": 0.855, "depth": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.812, "width": 0.65}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515776, "title": "Problem Pictures", "description": "Problem Pictures. The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center, Poughkeepsie, NY (organizer) (October 13-November 15, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Hartford, Wadsworth Atheneum. Loan Exhibition of Distinguished Works of Art (1928), no. 25, Jacques-Louis David, Portrait of a Woman, lent by Wildenstein & Co.", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum. Exhibition of French Painting of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1929), no. 23 (repr.), David, Citoyenne Crouzet, Wildenstein & Co.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo Museum of Art; Art Gallery of Toronto. The Spirit of Modern France: An Essay on Painting in Society 1745-1946 (1946-47), no. 13, La Citoyenne Courzet [sic] 1795 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein & Co. French XVIIIth Century Paintings (1948), 5, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts. From David to Courbet (1950), no. 3, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle Art Museum. Masterpieces of Nineteenth Century Painting and Sculpture (7 March-6 May 1951), no cat.", "opening_date": "1951-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Omaha, Joslyn Art Museum. Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition-The Beginnings of Modern Painting, France 1800-1900 (1951), 4, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winnipeg Art Gallery. French Pre-Impressionist Painters of the Nineteenth Century (1954), 8, no. 3 (repr.), David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth Art Center. Inaugural Exhibition (1954), no. 18, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet (repr.).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Gallery of Toronto. Comparisons (1957), no. 20, David, La Citoyenne Couzet [sic].", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron (Ohio) Art Institute. Masterpiece of the Month (2-28 September 1958), as David; no cat.", "opening_date": "1958-09-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indianapolis, Herron Museum of Art. The Romantic Era: Birth and Flowering 1750-1850 (1965), no. 26 (repr.), Circle of David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Poughkeepsie, Vassar College Art Gallery. Problem Pictures: Paintings without Authors (1965), no. 22, Circle of Jacques Louis David, La Citoyenne Crouzet (?), ca. 1800.", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum of Fine Arts. The Taste of Napoleon (1969), no. 23 (repr.), Circle of David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sophie Crouzet, retained by, until her death in 1844.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By inheritance to her son F\u00e9lix-Adolphe Crouzet.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "By inheritance to his daughter Sophie Crouzet, wife of Gustave-Fran\u00e7ois Bourotte.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "By inheritance to their first-born son Eug\u00e8ne (d. 1899).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "By inheritance to his brother \u00c9mile Bourotte, then by inheritance to his wife, Mme Jos\u00e9phine Darte-Bourotte, Versailles.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sold to Wildenstein & Co., New York, probably in the early 1920s.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers sale, Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, 18 November 1943 (lot 51), as Jacques-Louis David, Citoyenne Crouzet.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Purchased by the CMA in 1943.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sophie Crouzet, the sitter in this portrait, is a first cousin of the artist.", "description": "The sitter's dress deliberately evokes ancient Roman costume. However, the white muslin and straightforward cut also derives from earlier English fashions that favored simplicity in contrast to the elaborate, colorful clothing favored earlier in the 1700s. The transparency of her dress also carries political and cultural meaning: during the French Revolution in 1789, costume began to signify political allegiance, a sign of the character of the person who wore it. For women, transparency became increasingly literal, as in the sheer fabric worn by Crouzet, who came from a family of active revolutionaries.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514930"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.659-sophie-crouzet"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n41"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Portrait by Jacques Louis David.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 32, no. 6 (June 1945): 83\u201385.
Attributed to: Jacques Louis David", "page_number": "Mentioned : p. 83-85; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141209"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 492", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n90"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n188"}, {"citation": "D\u2019Argencourt, Louise. \u201cThe Story of a Painting: A Romance in Attribution.\u201d Cleveland Studies in the History of Art 1 (1996): 116\u2013129.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116-129; Reproduced: p. 117, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079684"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 357-360, Vol. II, no. 125", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. Chicago, IL : Art Stock Books, Independent Publishers Group, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 3", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.659", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.659/1943.659_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "396865", "filename": "1943.659_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.659/1943.659_print.jpg", "width": "2718", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5374139", "filename": "1943.659_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.659/1943.659_full.tif", "width": "3943", "height": "4932", "filesize": "58373356", "filename": "1943.659_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 123435, "creators": [{"id": 1682, "description": "Louis Hersent (French, 1777\u20131860)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of Romain-Th\u00e9odore Hersent, a silversmith, Louis Hersent was sent to learn the art of painting in the studio of Jean-Baptiste Regnault (1754-1829). He achieved second place for the Prix de Rome in 1797 but became seriously ill the following year and was forced to withdraw from the studio. He then briefly ventured into business but soon returned to art. A cousin of Hersent, Pierre Crouzet, worked as director of the military academy at Compi\u00e8gne. Through this connection Hersent became a drawing instructor to its students in 1800. Crouzet transferred to Saint-Cyr the following year, and Hersent may have followed him there. Hersent was first accepted at the Salon of 1802 with Narcissus (Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Arras). His early work recalls David (q.v.), but soon Hersent expanded his subject matter to include contemporary history; depictions of Native Americans based on legends, stories, or anthropological studies; official portraits; and European history. He enjoyed official success, receiving the Legion of Honor in 1819 and being elected to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1822. His wife, Louise-Marie-Jeanne Mauduit (1784-1862), was a painter herself who ran a studio to teach other women artists. Hersent became professor at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in 1825, replacing Girodet (q.v.). He opened his own studio at that time, and his pupils included Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), Paul Chenavard (1807-1895), and Jacques-Raymond Brascassat (1804-1867). In 1837 he became vice president of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts, and the following year served as its president.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1777", "death_year": "1860", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1801", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:36.762000"}, {"id": 163543, "accession_number": "2004.85", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Staff of Office, early to mid-1800s. Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba. Wood and iron; overall: 170 x 13.3 cm (66 15/16 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2004.85", "current_location": null, "title": "Staff of Office", "creation_date": "early to mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba"], "technique": "Wood and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 170 x 13.3 cm (66 15/16 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.7, "width": 0.133}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 229166, "title": "Art and Power in the Central African Savanna", "description": "Art and Power in the Central African Savanna. Menil Collection, Houston, TX (September 26, 2008-January 4, 2009); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 31, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (June 20-October 11, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2019. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 535628, "title": "Narrative Wisdom and African Arts", "description": "Narrative Wisdom and African Arts. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (October 19, 2024-January 5, 2025) https://www.slam.org/exhibitions/narrative-wisdom-and-african-arts/.", "opening_date": "2024-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chief Msidi (c. 1830\u20131891), Yeke (Garanzange) Kingdom (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo), 1888, given to British missionary Frederick Stanley Arnot.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
\"Msidi's farewell was quite touching in its way. He was anxious that I should wait for his son to go with me. I did not care to encourage this, so declined to wait. At last, after finding that I sought nothing from him, he gave me from his side his rod of authority, or sceptre, assuring me that it would be, to all who knew him, an assurance of the friendship that exists between us.\" March 13, 1888 letter from Frederick Stanley Arnot reproduced in Arnot, Frederick. S. 1893. Bihe\u0301 And Garenganze:Or Four Years' Further Work and Travel in Central Africa. London: J.E. Hawkin, pp. 244\u201345.
", "
Msidi is often referred to as Msiri, or by the fuller name Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi
", ""], "date": "?\u20131888", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Frederick Stanley Arnot [1858-1914], probably Glasgow, Scotland, 1914, by descent to his son Dr. Arthur B. Arnot.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1888\u20131914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Dr. Arthur B. Arnot, New York, NY, 1987, consigned for auction at Sotheby\u2019s.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914\u20131987", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, Important Tribal Art, New York, NY, Nov. 10, 1987, Lot #79, sold to Philippe and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Leloup for George Feher)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "George Feher, New York, NY, 1990s, acquired by Morris Pinto", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987\u20131990s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Morris Pinto, New York, NY, 1996, acquired by Philippe and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Leloup", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Philippe and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Leloup, Paris, France, 2004, donated to Marie Victoire Koch", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u20132004", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Marie Victoire Koch, Saint Mand\u00e9, France, 2004, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2004", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004\u2013", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Yeke kingdom ruler Chief Msidi gave this as a gift of appreciation to the British missionary Frederick Stanley Arnot, whom the chief had invited to his kingdom.", "description": "Sanctified by a ritual specialist and enhanced with medicinal substances, the staff possessed supernatural qualities and was endowed with healing power. Luba staffs are among the most important regalia of Luba kings. The metal point alludes to the kingdom's stability and durability. Each staff has its own distinctive iconography to reflect regional styles. As Chief Msidi (former owner of this staff) ruled over the Yeke kingdom (and not the Luba kingdom), it begs the question of how he acquired this symbol of another realm's power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79989789"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2004.85-staff-of-office"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Arnot, Fred S. Bihe and Garenganze: A record of four years\u2019 work and journeying in Africa. London: J.E. Hawkins & Co, LTD., 1893, front cover.", "page_number": "Front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby\u2019s. Important Tribal Art. New York: Sotheby\u2019s, 1987: Lot. 79.", "page_number": "lot. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nooter, Robert and Nancy. The Art of Collecting African Art. New York City, NY: New York Center for African Art, 1988, 20-21.", "page_number": "p. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacquart, Jean-Baptiste. The Tribal Arts of Africa. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998, 159.", "page_number": "p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Annual Report 2004. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 67.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": "https://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/documents/annual-report/2004_annual_report.pdf"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \u201cMajor Acquisitions: 2000-2005.\u201d In The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine: July/August 2005. (Summer 2005): 12.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. Art and Power in the Central African Savanna: Luba, Songye, Chokwe, Luluwa. Brussels: Mercatorfonds, 2008, 58-9, fig. 39.", "page_number": "p. 58, 59: fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". In African Arts, 44, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 54, fig. 2.", "page_number": "p. 54: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. Fragments of the Invisible: The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture. Milan: 5 Continents, 2013, 107.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2004.85", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.85/2004.85_web.jpg", "width": "277", "height": "893", "filesize": "82866", "filename": "2004.85_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.85/2004.85_print.jpg", "width": "1053", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1157143", "filename": "2004.85_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.85/2004.85_full.tif", "width": "1548", "height": "5000", "filesize": "23239736", "filename": "2004.85_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-28T14:17:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.85/2004.85_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "276", "height": "893", "filesize": "83075"}, "print": {"url": 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Tate, London SW1P 4RG (organizer) (October 14, 1992-January 10, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224007, "title": "Thomas Lawrence: Regency, Power & Brilliance", "description": "Thomas Lawrence: Regency, Power & Brilliance. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (organizer) (February 24-June 5, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1794).", "opening_date": "1794-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "Woman and Child in Art. National Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "property of the artist, Sir Thomas Lawrence [1769-1830]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1794-1830", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London Sir Thomas Lawrence sale, June 18, 1831, no. 147, purchased by Samuel Woodburn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1831", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Samuel Woodburn; sold to Frederick John Fifth Baron Monson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1831-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Frederick John, Fifth Baron Monson [died 1841], and his heirs, Gatton Park, Surrey; sold at Christie's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
correspondence among the Monson papers now deposited in the Lincoln County archives
"], "date": "?-1888", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, May 12, 1888, no. 21, sold to Davis)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Davis", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "William, Fifth Earl of Carysfort", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Lady Carysfort; by descent to her nephew Douglas James Proby", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Colonel Douglas James Proby, Elton Hall, Huntingdonshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Duveen Brothers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Jules S. Bach, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-?", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "John D. Rockefeller, Jr. [1874-1960]; by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1960", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Catherine was an Irish poet who wrote of longing to escape the fashionable world.", "description": "The Irish poet Lady Manners rejected as \u201cunflattering\u201d this portrait representing her as the goddess Juno, symbolized here by the peacock. Thomas Lawrence exhibited the painting at the Royal Academy in 1794 with the label \u201cto be disposed of [sold],\u201d but it was still in the artist\u2019s collection when he died. Though it offended Lady Manners, the painting displays all the hallmarks of Lawrence\u2019s flamboyant style:dazzling, fluid brushwork and an innovative use of unconventional colors that helped secure his role as the most fashionable portrait painter in turn-of-the-century Britain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465933"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.220-portrait-of-catherin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williams, John. Memoirs of the Royal Academicians; Being an Attempt to Improve the National Taste. [London]: H.D. Symonds, P. M'Queen, and T. Bellamy, 1796.", "page_number": "Mentioned:P. 28, no. 173", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qc09z12"}, {"citation": "Redford, George. Art Sales. A History of Sales of Pictures and Other Works of Art. With Notices of the Collections Sold, Names of Owners, Titles of Pictures, Prices and Purchasers, Arranged Under the Artists of the Different Schools in Order of Date. Including the Purchases and Prices of Pictures for the National Gallery. London, United Kindgom: Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Printers, the \"Whitefriars\" Press, 1888.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 454, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gower, Ronald Sutherland, and Algernon Graves. Sir Thomas Lawrence, With a Catalogue of the Artist's Exhibited and Engraved Works. London, United Kingdom: Goupil, J. Boussod, Manzi, Joyant, successors, 1900.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 454", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. Lawrence. New York,, NY: C. Scribner's, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129; Reproduced: p. 150, pl. XIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. Art Sales from Early in the Eighteenth Century to Early in the Twentieth Century (Mostly Old Master and Early English Pictures). London: A. Graves, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, P. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Farington, Joseph, and James Greig. The Farington Diary. London, United Kingdom: Hutchinson, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Proby, Douglas James, Tancred Borenius, James Vaughan Hodgson, and Granville Proby. A Catalogue of the Pictures at Elton Hall in Huntingdonshire, in the Possession of Colonel Douglas James Proby. London, United Kingdom: Medici Society, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garlick, Kenneth. Sir Thomas Lawrence. London, United Kingdom : Routledge & Paul,1954.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saarinen, Aline B. The Proud Possessors: The Lives, Times, and Tastes of Some Adventurous American Art Collectors. New York, NY: Random House, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d October 11, 1961, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0811"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Portrait of the Countess of Dysart as Juno,\u201d October 26, 1961, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0823"}, {"citation": "Garlick, Kenneth. \"A Catalogue of the Paintings, Drawings, and Pastels of Sir Thomas Lawrence.\" The Walpole Society, XXXIX (1962-64)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cLady Louisa Manners, Later Countess of Dysart, as Juno.\u201d Gazette Des Beaux Arts, February 1962, sup36.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n215"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Uerlings, Herbert, Karl Ho\u0308lz, and Viktoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff. Das Subjekt und die Anderen: Interkulturalita\u0308t und Geschlechterdifferenz vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart. Berlin, Germany: Erich Schmidt, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenthal, Angela. 2004. \u201cVisceral Culture: Blushing and the Legibility of Whiteness in Eighteenth-Century British Portraiture.\u201d Art History 27 (4): 563\u201392.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 576-578; reproduced: P. 577", "url": null}, {"citation": "Badea-Pa\u0306un, Gabriel. The Society Portrait: From David to Warhol. New York, NY: Vendome Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56-58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bindman, David, Tim Ayers, and Chris Stephens. The History of British Art. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for British Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108, fig. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palmer, Caroline. \"Brazen Cheek: Face-Painters in Late Eighteenth-Century England.\" Oxford Art Journal 31, no. 2 (2008): 197-213.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 209; reproduced: P. 211", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20108020."}, {"citation": "Albinson, A. Cassandra, Peter Funnell, and Lucy Peltz. Thomas Lawrence: Regency Power & Brilliance. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for British Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118-119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194-195", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Montgomery, Janelle. \"Every Picture Tells a Story: A Family Chronicle in George Romney's Lady Mary Every.\" Transactions of the Romney Society 21, (2016). ", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4-11; Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Day, C.A., et. al. \"Thomas Lawrence's Consumptive Chic: Reinterpretting Lady Manners Hectic Flush in 1794.\" Eighteenth-Century Studies 49, no. 4 (Summer 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned: 455-474; Reproduced: p. 456, fig. 1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.220", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.220/1961.220_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "320390", "filename": "1961.220_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.220/1961.220_print.jpg", "width": "2097", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4420661", "filename": "1961.220_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.220/1961.220_full.tif", "width": "4704", "height": "7628", "filesize": "107677908", "filename": "1961.220_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John D. Rockefeller Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 136682, "creators": [{"id": 2515, "description": "Thomas Lawrence (British, 1769\u20131830)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1769", "death_year": "1830", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-10-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Catherine Gray, Lady Manners", "Lady Louisa (Tollemache) Manners (1745-1840), Later Countess of Dysart, as Juno", "Lady Louisa Manners, later Countess of Dysart, as Juno"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:46.616000"}, {"id": 141476, "accession_number": "1964.89", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna, 1738\u201340. Jacques Andr\u00e9 Joseph Aved (French, 1702\u20131766). Oil on canvas; framed: 153.5 x 121.5 x 13.5 cm (60 7/16 x 47 13/16 x 5 5/16 in.); unframed: 124.5 x 92.4 cm (49 x 36 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.89", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna", "creation_date": "1738\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1738, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 153.5 x 121.5 x 13.5 cm (60 7/16 x 47 13/16 x 5 5/16 in.); Unframed: 124.5 x 92.4 cm (49 x 36 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.535, "width": 1.215, "depth": 0.135}, "unframed": {"height": 1.245, "width": 0.924}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337083, "title": "The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774", "description": "The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774. The Toledo Museum of Art (organizer) (October 26-December 7, 1975); The Art Institute of Chicago (January 10-February 22, 1976); National Gallery of Canada (March 21-May 2, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442299, "title": "Das Meschenbuild in der europ\u00e4ischen Kunst (Images of Man in Western Art)", "description": "Das Meschenbuild in der europ\u00e4ischen Kunst (Images of Man in Western Art). Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany (July 5-September 28, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442651, "title": "Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France", "description": "Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 19-November 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Salon, 1740, cat. no. 85 (\"Un Tableau repr\u00e9sentant M. du Theil, Secretaire du Cabinet du Roy, premier Commis des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, ci-devant Ministre & Pl\u00e9nipotentiaire de Sa Majeste aupr\u00e8s de l'Empereur, au moment qu'il vient de signer un des Actes de la derni\u00e8re Pacification.\")", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Style, Truth, and the Portrait. Cleveland Museum of Art (October 1 - November 10, 1963), cat. no. 48.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Age of Louis XV, French Painting 1710-1774. Toledo Museum of Art (October 26-December 7, 1975); Art Institute of Chicago (January 10-February 22, 1976); Ottawa, National Gallery of Canada (March 21-May 2, 1976), cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1975-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bilder vom Menschen in der Kunst des Abendlandes. Berlin, Nationalgalerie, Staatliche museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz (July 5 - September 28, 1980), cat. no. 43.", "opening_date": "1980-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th-Century France. The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec, Canada (September 19 - November 15, 1981), cat. no. 77.", "opening_date": "1981-09-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edouard Kann [1873-1927], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The circumstances of Edouard's acquisition of the Aved painting are not known. The nephew of Rodolphe Kann and the son of Maurice Kann, both prominent collectors, Edouard does not appear to have inherited the painting from either.
1The original source for the inclusion of Delaney in this provenance is unknown. The Aved catalogue raisonn\u00e9 has several paintings with \"Delaunay\" in their provenances, suggesting the possibility that this name have at some point been incorrectly recorded as \u201cDelaney.\u201d However, a Tiepolo painting in the Samuel Kress Collection at the National Gallery (1952.5.78) contains Edouard Kann in its provenance followed by Mme. D[elaney], indicating that \u201cDelaney\u201d is, in fact, the correct name. A 1933 Galerie Charpentier sale in which the Tiepolo appears lists the owner as \u201cMme. D,\u201d while Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection (1951) identifies Madame Delaney as the owner following Kann. The original source connecting Mme. Delaney to the Tiepolo is unknown. That the Tiepolo was previously owned by Edouard Kann and then by Delaney does give credence to the inclusion of Delaney following Kann in the Aved provenance.
"], "date": "Until 1956?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale: H\u00f4tel Drouot, Dec. 10, 1956, lot J, sold to Wildenstein & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 In addition to the Aved painting, Wildenstein also purchased Rigaud's Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois (CMA 1967.17) at this sale. Madame Delaney may be one of the \u201cdivers amateurs\u201d (various private collectors) whose collection comprised this sale, although this is unconfirmed.
"], "date": "Dec. 10, 1956", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956-1964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Smoke rising from the candle suggests that du Theil has just added his molten wax seal to the document before him.", "description": "As secretary of foreign affairs for Louis XV of France, Jean-Gabriel du Theil (1685\u20131755) helped negotiate the 1738 Treaty of Vienna, which ceded the Duchy of Lorraine to France. The seal du Theil holds in his hand, the silver-gilt writing set, and the thick document all allude to these negotiations, while the wisp of smoke rising from the candle used to melt the sealing wax suggests that the treaty has only just concluded. Du Thiel\u2019s relaxed posture conveys calm assurance, but his sharp gaze is that of a shrewd negotiator. A costume encrusted with gold embroidery and (just visible at his chest) the pink ribbon and star of the royal Order of Saint Lazarus, are visible manifestations of du Theil\u2019s prestigious position.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469450"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.89-portrait-of-jean-gab"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Notice historique er biographique sur J.-G. de la Porte du Theil, ambassadeur du roi Louis XV.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jules Marie Joseph. Collection des livrets des anciennes expositions depuis 1673 jusqu'en 1800. 44 vols in 3. Paris: Liepmannssohn et Dufour, 1869-1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 7 (1), 24.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Le peintre Aved, sa vie et son oeuvre 1702-1766. 2 vols. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, 51, 53-55, 56, 72, 118, 121; vol. 2, no. 47 and reproduced opp. p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Le peintre Aved, sa vie et son oeuvre 1702-1766. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1922.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Claude, Pierre. \"Un grand realiste Jacques Aved,\" La Renaissance de l'Art V no. 6 (June 1922), 374-381.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 376", "url": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k61277151/f732.item"}, {"citation": "Boucher, Francois. Review of Georges Wildenstein, Le Peintre Aved, sa vie et son oeuvre, in Gazette des Beaux-Arts VI, no. 1 (1922), 255-256, pl. opp. 254.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 255; Reproduced: opposite254", "url": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97652932/f289.item"}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Tableaux anciens\u2026Par ou attribu\u00e9s \u00e0: J. Aved \u2013 Moreau L\u2019Ain\u00e9 \u2013 A. van der Neer \u2013 H. Rigaud et des \u00e9coles anglaise, fran\u00e7aise et hollandaise appartenant \u00e0 divers amateurs. Dec. 10, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vodo, Nina Nikolaevna. \"Neopublikovannyj portret dramaturga Krebijona raboty Aveda [An unpublished portrait of the playwright Cr\u00e9billon by Aved].\" Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Muzeja Izobrazitel'nych Iskusstv Imeni A.S. Pus\u030ckina [Travaux du Muse\u00e9 Pouchkine des Beaux-Arts] (1960), 247-260.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 256; Reproduced: 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. Style, Truth, and the Portrait. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1964.\" The Art Quarterly 27 (1964): ", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 383", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1964.\" The Art Quarterly 27 (1964). ", "page_number": "Reproduced: 383", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Portraits by Aved and Gros.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 51, no. 8 (1964): 196-205.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152012"}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred. \"Museum Evaluations, l: Cleveland.\" Art News 63 (December 1964): 26-29, 58-61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 27; Mentioned: 58-59.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts.\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts ser. 6, vol. 65 (February 1965): suppl. ", "page_number": "Reproduced: 45, no. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Comte De Richebourg le Toureil.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 58, no. 1 (1971): 2-9", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 3, fig. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152356"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, in The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774. Exh. cat.Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 13, 19 cat. 2; Reproduced: pl. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "\"Berichte:Bilder vom Menschen in der Kunst des Abendlandes.\" Die Kunst (July 1980): ", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 406", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bilder vom Menschen in der Kunst des Abendlandes: Jubila\u0308umsausstellung der Preussischen Museen Berlin 1830-1980 . Exh. cat. Berlin: Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 187-188(cat. no. 43); Reproduced:color pl. 16.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip. Painting in Eighteenth-Century France. Oxford, England: Phaidon Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 124-125; Reproduced: 128, fig. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenfeld, Myra Nan. Largillierre and the Eighteenth-Century Portrait. Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 368-36, cat. no. 779", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings. Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49-51; Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vincent, Margaret. A Delicate Art: Flemish Lace, 1700-1940: an Exhibition Selected from the Collection of the Allentown Art Museum. Exh. cat. Allentown, PA: Allentown Art Museum, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 12, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lespes, Michelle. 2003 \"Aved, Jacques(-Andr\u00e9-Joseph).\" Grove Art Online.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": "http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000005273."}, {"citation": "Lespes, Michelle. \"Le peintre Aved et la cour de Stanislas.\" Pays Lorrain 101 (September 2005): 167-176.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heyen, E.V. \"Councillors and Officials in the Early Modern Period.\" Yearbook of European Administrative History no. 19 (2007).", "page_number": "p. 240", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilson, Gillian, Charissa Bremer-David, and Jeffrey Weaver. French Furniture and Gilt Bronzes: Baroque and Re\u0301gence: Catalogue of the J. Paul Getty Museum Collection. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 358, fig. 43-e.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Alvin L., ed. Tradition & Transitions: Eighteenth-century French Art from the Horvitz Collection. [Boston, Massachusetts]: The Horvitz Collection, [2017].", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 434, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cock-Starkey, Claire. A Museum Miscellany. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Heyen, Erk Volkmar. Verwaltete Welten: Mensch, Gemeinwesen und Amt in der europa\u0308ischen Malerei. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 249, fig. 7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.89", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "900", "filesize": "299554", "filename": "1964.89_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_print.jpg", "width": "2497", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2842545", "filename": "1964.89_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_full.tif", "width": "5147", "height": "7007", "filesize": "108226132", "filename": "1964.89_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-03-05T17:01:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "394483"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2497", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5289392"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4040", "height": "5500", "filesize": "66691520"}}, {"date_created": "2019-04-25T15:10:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "900", "filesize": "281294"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2542", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4091433"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5374", "height": "7188", "filesize": "115915424"}}, {"date_created": "2019-04-25T13:06:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.89/1964.89_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5312", "height": "6958", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141476, "creators": [{"id": 1876, "description": "Jacques Andr\u00e9 Joseph Aved (French, 1702\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1702", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1738, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1738\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna", "Portrait of M. Jeam-Gabriel de La Porte du Theil", "Portrait of Jean-Gabriel de la Porte du Theil"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:32.303000"}, {"id": 169465, "accession_number": "2011.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Settee, c. 1802\u201307. Thomas Hope (British, 1769\u20131831), Unknown Maker (British). Gilt-wood, reproduction wool upholstery; overall: 102.2 x 113 x 71.1 cm (40 1/4 x 44 1/2 x 28 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2011.3", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Settee", "creation_date": "c. 1802\u201307", "creation_date_earliest": 1797, "creation_date_latest": 1812, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "gilt-wood, reproduction wool upholstery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 102.2 x 113 x 71.1 cm (40 1/4 x 44 1/2 x 28 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.022, "width": 1.13, "depth": 0.711}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Thomas Hope: Regency Designer. Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture, New York (organizer) (July 17-November 16, 2008); Victoria and Albert Museum, London (March 21-June 22, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-03-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Presumably Thomas Hope [1769-1831], Duchess Street, London and later at Deepdene, Surrey, and by descent to his son;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c.1802-1831", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Henry Thomas Hope [1808-1862] and by descent to his wife", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1831-1862", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Anne Adele Bichat Hope [died 1884], by descent to her grandson", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1862-1884", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lord Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope [1866-1941], later 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884-1917", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, July 18, 1917, no. 293; bought by Bridge for \u00a39 9s)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Whereabouts unknown", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-2001", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Gorringe\u2019s Auctioneers, Lewes, Sussex, June 7, 2001, lot 1204, sold to H. Blairman & Sons and Jeremy Ltd, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(H. Blairman & Sons and Jeremy, Ltd., London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Philip Hewat-Jaboor [born 1953]; sold by (Carlton Hobbs, Ltd., New York, as agent) to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2011", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The acorn finials, ram\u2019s heads, and clusters of stylized honeysuckle flowers along the settee\u2019s frame are typical of Thomas Hope\u2019s neoclassical designs.", "description": "An art collector, designer, and champion of neoclassicism, Thomas Hope designed this settee for display in his London house. Hope\u2019s design exemplifies the continued interest in neoclassical ornament around 1800 through the use of elaborately carved friezes, a central pediment, and a lavishly gilded surface. In 1807 Hope published Household Furniture and Interior Decoration, featuring descriptions of his renowned collection of antiquities and the interior furnishings from his London house, including this settee. Many architects and cabinetmaking firms took inspiration from Hope\u2019s designs, adapting Greek and Roman forms to create bold expressions of neoclassicism in their architecture and decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80076793"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.3-settee"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hanson, Robin. \u201cBehind the Scenes: A day in the textile conservation lab.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 62, no. 1: 22-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 22.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hope, Thomas, and Thomas Ustick Walter. Household Furniture and Interior Decoration. London: Printed by T. Bensley ... for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1807.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Watkin, David, Philip Hewat-Jaboor, Daniella Ben-Arie, and Elizabeth Angelicoussis. Thomas Hope: Regency Designer. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press [for] The Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture, New York, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 402-403", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lennard, Frances, Patricia Ewer, and Laura Mina. Textile Conservation: Advances in Practice. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 583-591, fig. 8.3.1 & fig. 8.3.3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "736", "filesize": "228883", "filename": "2011.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2781", "filesize": "1792866", "filename": "2011.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_full.tif", "width": "9901", "height": "8097", "filesize": "240531984", "filename": "2011.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-05-09T15:50:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.3/2011.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1061", "height": "893", "filesize": "570479"}, "print": {"url": 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 169465, "creators": [{"id": 61264, "description": "Thomas Hope (British, 1769\u20131831)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1769", "death_year": "1831", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 61326, "description": "Unknown Maker (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1797, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1802\u201307", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:05.717000"}, {"id": 130163, "accession_number": "1952.542", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Young Woman with a Turban, c. 1780. 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Kendrick, 1952.542", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Young Woman with a Turban", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76 x 66 x 8 cm (29 15/16 x 26 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 55.2 x 46 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.76, "width": 0.66, "depth": 0.08}, "unframed": {"height": 0.552, "width": 0.46}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter. 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Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (October 26, 1988-February 12, 1989); Mus\u00e9e National de Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles, 78 008 Versailles cedex, France (October 26, 1988-February 12, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-10-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "David et Ses El\u00e8ves, Palais des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris (Petit Palais), Paris, France (April 7-June 9, 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Art since Eighteen Hundred, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 26 to October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Golden Gate International Exposition. Masterworks of Five Centuries, San Francisco, CA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sculpture by Houdon. Paintings and drawings by David. Loan exhibition, Century Association, New York, NY (February 19 to April 10, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sale?: Ho\u0302tel de Bullion, Didot Collection, Paris, France, 6 April 1825 (lot 114).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "6 April 1825", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sale: Baron Gros, Paris, France, November-1 December 1835 (lot 127).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November-1 December 1835", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Augustin Alexandre Dumont (1801-1884), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mme Audard", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1913", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henry G. Dalton (1862-1932), Cleveland, OH, left to his grandson, George S. Kendrick", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1929-1932", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "George S. Kendrick (1899-1979), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932-1952", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["102.42", "2426.29"], "did_you_know": "The high quality of this painting was of such renown that David\u2019s students requested permission to copy it.", "description": "Known as a t\u00eate d'expression or \"expressive head,\" this painting represents an essential part of the academic training of history painters who specialized in religious, mythological, or historical subjects. In 1760, such exercises became standard at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) in Paris, then known as Acad\u00e9mie royale de peinture et de sculpture. Focusing on the relationship between morality and beauty, the goal of a history painter is not only to create a pleasing image, but also to represent the emotions of the soul.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516167"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.542-young-woman-with-a-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa, and Jacques Louis David. Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David After the Terror. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Didot, Lacoste, Gibe\u0301, and Henry. Catalogue d'une pre\u0301cieuse collection de tableaux choisis dans toutes les e\u0301coles anciennes et modernes. Paris: Se distribue\u0301 ... chez M. Lacoste, commissaire-priseur, M. Gibe\u0301, commissaire-priseur, M. Henry, commissaire-expert des Muse\u0301es royaux, 1825.", "page_number": "lot 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, J. L. Jules. Le peintre Louis David, 1748-1825; souvenirs & documents ine\u0301dits. Paris: V. Havard, 1880.", "page_number": "1:634", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais (Paris, France). Exposition David et ses e\u0301le\u0300ves, 7 avril-9 juin, 1913, Palais des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris: catalogue. 1913.", "page_number": "no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cFrench Art since Eighteen Hundred.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 16, no. 9 (1929)", "page_number": "p. 159", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137246"}, {"citation": "Arts 16 (January 1930).", "page_number": "pp. 322, 324", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cantinelli, R., Jacques Louis David, and R. Cantinelli. Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825. 1930.", "page_number": "No. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 267", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Art News (13 June 1936).", "page_number": "13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "San Francisco (Calif.). Historical American Paintings; Official Catalog, Department of Fine Arts, Golden Gate International Exposition. 1939.", "page_number": "no. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs; The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 7 Through March 7, 1940. 1940.", "page_number": "no. 228", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs; The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 7 Through March 7, 1940. 1940.", "page_number": "no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holma, Klaus. David, son evolution et son style. Paris: [P. Lejay], 1940.", "page_number": "126, no. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Century Association (New York, N.Y.), William Mathewson Milliken, and James Thrall Soby. Sculpture by Houdon. Paintings and Drawings by David. Loan Exhibition, February 19 to April 10, 1947. 1947.", "page_number": "no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel. David: exposition en l'honneur du deuxie\u0300me centenaire de sa naissance [juin-septembre, 1948]. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1948.", "page_number": "41, 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. 1955.", "page_number": "2:45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lindsay, Jack. Death of the Hero; French Painting from David to Delacroix. London: Studio, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 40, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cJean Auguste Dominique Ingres: Antiochus and Stratonice.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 55, no. 4 (1968)", "page_number": "p. 112, n.9", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152209"}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. France in the Eighteenth Century. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1968.", "page_number": "62, no. 177", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n188"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n222"}, {"citation": "Sloane, Joseph C., and John Minor Wisdom. French Nineteenth Century Oil Sketches, David to Degas: An Exhibition in Honor of the Retirement of Joseph Curtis Sloane ... : the William Hayes Ackland Memorial Art Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 5 Through April 16, 1978. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, Jacques Louis, Antoine Schnapper, Arlette Se\u0301rullaz, and Elisabeth Agius-d'Yvoire. Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825. Paris: Eds. de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1989.", "page_number": "no. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bordes, Philippe \"Paris and Versailles: David.\" Burlington Magazine (February 1990).", "page_number": "154", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Scott, Barbara. \"Letter from Paris: David's Portraits.\" Apollo 131 (February 1990).", "page_number": "115-6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Michel, Re\u0301gis. David contre David: actes du colloque organise\u0301 au Muse\u0301e du Louvre par le Service culturel du 6 au 10 de\u0301cembre 1989. Paris: Documentation franc\u0327aise, 1993.", "page_number": "2: 899", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie, and Jacques Louis David. David and Neo-Classicism. Paris: Terrail, 1999.", "page_number": "66-67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 190-193, Vol. I, no. 71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ge\u0301ricault, The\u0301odore, and Bruno Chenique. Ge\u0301ricault, au coeur de la cre\u0301ation romantique: e\u0301tudes pour Le radeau de la Me\u0301duse. [Paris]: Chaudun, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 34, fig 111.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc. \"Lot 11 : Jacques-Louis David.\" Revolution, April 13, 2016: [46]-[51].", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [48], fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.542", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.542/1952.542_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "893", "filesize": "448297", "filename": "1952.542_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.542/1952.542_print.jpg", "width": "2846", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6284260", "filename": "1952.542_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.542/1952.542_full.tif", "width": "3983", "height": "4759", "filesize": "56896308", "filename": "1952.542_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of George S. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130163, "creators": [{"id": 1643, "description": "Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The founder and leading painter of the neoclassical movement in France, Jacques-Louis David was born in Paris to a prosperous family of artists and archi-tects. In 1766 he entered the Acad\u00e9mie Royale as the pupil of Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809). After several failed attempts, David won the Prix de Rome in 1774. The following year he left for Italy, where he studied antique art and envisioned replacing the frivolity of the rococo with an art of grandeur, simplicity, and moral virtue. After returning to Paris in 1780, he established his reputa-tion with three spectacular successes at the Salon: The Oath of the Horatii (1785, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), The Death of Socrates (1787, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), and The Lictors Bring-ing Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). Widely interpreted as moral parables for contemporary political events, these archetypes of neoclassical aesthetics set the standard for academic painting of the next century. In the 1790s David joined the radical Jacobin Club and played an active role in the French Revolution. He allied himself with Robespierre, served a short term as president of the Convention, and voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He also placed his artistic talents at the service of the Revolution by creating paintings that glorified its martyrs and by organizing public festivals that celebrated the new political order. As the most prominent artist in the revolutionary ranks, he led the attack against the Acad\u00e9mie Royale that culminated in its abolish-ment in 1793. When the excesses of the Reign of Terror precipitated the fall of Robespierre in 1794, David was imprison-ed but spared execution. Authorities released him the following year due to ill health. Around 1798 David developed a new alliance with the brilliant young general of the Directory, Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. David's painting The Intervention of the Sabine Women (1799, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) coalesced perfectly with Napoleonic propaganda urging national reconciliation. After the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1799, Napol\u00e9on was named first consul and began supplying David with important commissions. Upon Napol\u00e9on's coronation in 1804, David was appointed first painter to the emperor. David's monumental painting The Coronation of Napol\u00e9on, or Le Sacre (1805-7, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), introduced a less spartan, more colorful and emotive style. However, as seen in his life-size portrait Napol\u00e9on in His Study (1812, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), David increasingly searched to balance this new heroic-romanticism with an exacting realism. In 1816, following Napol\u00e9on's defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the monarchy, David went into exile in Belgium. He spent the last nine years of his life in Brussels, painting mostly mythological subjects and portraits. David died of a stroke in 1825 and was denied burial in France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madame Dugazon as Andromache"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:52.520000"}, {"id": 543981, "accession_number": "2023.122", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Dutton Family in the Drawing Room of Sherborne Park, Gloucestershire, c. 1772. Johann Zoffany (German, 1733\u20131810). Oil on canvas; unframed: 101.5 x 127 cm (39 15/16 x 50 in.); framed: 124.5 x 149.9 x 7.6 cm (49 x 59 x 3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2023.122", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "The Dutton Family in the Drawing Room of Sherborne Park, Gloucestershire", "creation_date": "c. 1772", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1772, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 101.5 x 127 cm (39 15/16 x 50 in.); Framed: 124.5 x 149.9 x 7.6 cm (49 x 59 x 3 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.015, "width": 1.27}, "framed": {"height": 1.245, "width": 1.499, "depth": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1907), no. 143.", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "English Conversation Pieces: Exhibition in Aid of the Royal Northern Hospital. Royal Northern Hospital, 25 Park Lane, London (March 1930), no. 59.", "opening_date": "1930-03-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "English Eighteenth-Century Portraits. Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, R.I. (November 12-30, 1932)", "opening_date": "1932-11-12T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "A Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June 1 - November 1 1933) no. 208.", "opening_date": "1933-06-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "La Peinture Anglaise, XVIII et XIX sie\u0300cles. Muse\u0301e du Louvre, Paris (March-July 1938), no. 157.", "opening_date": "1938-03-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "European Masters of the Eighteenth Century. Royal Academy, London. (November 27, 1954 - February 27, 1955), no. 100.", "opening_date": "1954-11-27T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Le sie\u0300cle de l'e\u0301le\u0301gance: la demeure anglaise au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. (February - May 1959), no. 215.", "opening_date": "1959-02-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "The Eye of Thomas Jefferson. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. (June 5 - September 6, 1976), no. 76.", "opening_date": "1976-06-05T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Rococo: Arts and Design in Hogarth's England. Victoria and Albert Museum, London (May 16 - September 30, 1984), no. M31.", "opening_date": "1984-05-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Johann Zoffany RA: Society Observed. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven and Royal Academy, London (October 27, 2011 - June 10, 2012), London only.", "opening_date": "2011-10-27T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by James Lenox Dutton (1712-1776), Sherborne Park, Gloucestershire, and by descent to his son", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1772-1776", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne (1744-1820), and thence by descent to James Huntly Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne (1873-1949)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1776-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie's London, June 28, 1929 (lot 72), where acquired for 7000 gns by Daniel Haddock Farr)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(with Daniel Haddock Farr (1876-1976), dealer, New York, NY and Philadelphia, PA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Walter Samuel, 2nd Viscount Bearsted (1882-1948), London, and thence by descent to Peter Samuel, 4th Viscount Bearsted (1911-1996)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1938-1996", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Descendants of Peter Samuel, 4th Viscount Bearsted; (Sotheby's London, June 14, 2001 (lot 16), where acquired by European Private Collection)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-2001", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "European Private Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001-2023", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Christie's Private Sale to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2023-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is an idealized, not actual, room showing the sitters\u2019 fashionable interior decorating aspirations.", "description": "This type of picture, known as a conversation piece, was invented in England in the 1700s and popular for the informal way it represented families. A father and daughter, mother and son, are strategizing over the next hand in a game of cards. The family recently lost a loved one, so the parents are dressed in full mourning (black clothing), and the siblings in lesser mourning (mauve, white, and gray).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122778439"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.122-the-dutton-family-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Willoughby, L. \"Sherborne House.\", Connoisseur Vol. XXX (1911):", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10,12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manners, Victoria, and George C. Williamson. John Zoffany, R.A., His Life and Works. 1735-1810. London: John Lane, 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154, 233, 277", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williamson, George C. English Conversation Pictures of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries. London: B.T. Batsford, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, 14-15; Reproduced: pl. xl", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sitwell, Sacheverell, Michel Sevier, and Rex Whistler. Conversation Pieces: A Survey of English Domestic Portraits and Their Painters. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-25, 34, 36-37, 40, 43, 46-47, 94; Reproduced: pl.29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mann, Harrington. The Technique of Portrait Painting. London: Seeley Service & Company, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78; Reproduced: pl. 72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Praz, Mario. Conversation Pieces; A Survey of the Informal Group Portrait in Europe and America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99-100; Reproduced: fig. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paulson, Ronald. Emblem and Expression: Meaning in English Art of the Eighteenth Century. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156-7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ward-Jackson, Peter W. Le sie\u0300cle de l'e\u0301le\u0301gance: la demeure anglaise au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Muse\u0301e des Arts Decoratifs, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 215", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, William Howard. The Eye of Thomas Jefferson: [Exhibition]. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Snodin, Michael. Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth's England : [Exhibition] the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: Trefoil Books, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. M31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Webster, Mary. Johan Zoffany, 1733-1810. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-3; Reproduced: fig. 152", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zoffany, Johann, Martin Postle, and Clarissa Campbell Orr. Johan Zoffany RA: Society Observed. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 256; Reproduced: no. 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rhode Island School of Design. Exhibition of English Eighteenth-Century Portraits. [Providence]: Rhode Island School of Design, 1932.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bradbury, Oliver. \"One family's 'heroic age': The forgotten treasures of Dutton patronage - and remnants of lost William Kent?\" The British Art Journal 14, no. 3 (2013/2014): 21-26.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory. \"The Conversation Piece. Zoffany's 'The Dutton Family' debuts in the British Gallery.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 64, no. 1 (2024): 28-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28; Mentioned: p. 28-29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-01"}, {"citation": "\"Looking Back to Look Forward: A Year in Highlights.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 65, no. 3 (2024): 38.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.122", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "717", "filesize": "338100", "filename": "2023.122_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2707", "filesize": "3307325", "filename": "2023.122_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_full.tif", "width": "10252", "height": "8161", "filesize": "251030860", "filename": "2023.122_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-07-14T15:09:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.122/2023.122_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "751", "filesize": "271373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.122/2023.122_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2838", "filesize": "2797507"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.122/2023.122_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11961", "height": "9985", "filesize": "358321568"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 543981, "creators": [{"id": 543978, "description": "Johann Zoffany (German, 1733\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": "German painter, 1733-1810, active in England", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-09-11T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1772", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:15.768000"}, {"id": 147479, "accession_number": "1973.212", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pan and Syrinx, 1720. Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy (French, 1679\u20131752). Oil on canvas; framed: 123.5 x 159.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 62 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 106 x 139 cm (41 3/4 x 54 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1973.212", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Pan and Syrinx", "creation_date": "1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123.5 x 159.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 62 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 106 x 139 cm (41 3/4 x 54 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.235, "width": 1.595, "depth": 0.12}, "unframed": {"height": 1.06, "width": 1.39}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower center: \"De Troy 1720\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "Year in Review: 1973. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Herner Wengraf/Old Masters Galleries, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, sale, June 29, 1973, no. 93, sold to Herner Wengraf)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "George Ortiz [1927-2013], Geneva, consigned to Christie\u2019s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Untiel 1973", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Graziella Pati\u00f1o de Ortiz-Linares [b. c. 1908-1980], to her son, George Ortiz", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1934-before 1973", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Page?1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1\"Page\" is written in as the buyer of this painting in the Galerie Charpentier auction catalogue. His or her identity, and whether he or she was a collector, a dealer, or an agent for Graziella Pati\u00f1o de Ortiz-Linares, the subsequent owner, is unknown at this point.
"], "date": "1934-", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Galerie Charpentier, Paris, Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange sale, Dec. 11, 1934, lot 46, sold to \u201cPage\u201d)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Family of Gustave Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange III, consigned to Galerie Charpentier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1923-1934", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Gustave Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange III [1863-1923], by descent to his family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-1923", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Jeanne Sipi\u00e8re Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange [1843-1917], to her son, Gustave Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange III", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1882-1917", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Subjects drawn from classical mythology posed a challenge for painters: they demanded skill in depicting the human body in complex poses, as well as knowledge of ancient texts and an ability to interpret them imaginatively. Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy\u2019s rich colors and voluptuous figure types were ideal for depicting the sorts of mythological subjects favored by his elite patrons, which generally focused on themes of love. In a myth recounted in the Roman poet Ovid\u2019s Metamorphoses, the nymph Syrinx fled from the lecherous advances of the god Pan. Trapped at the edge of a river, she begged for a way to escape, and the gods transformed her into reeds. Pan later gathered these reeds to form the pan pipes, the musical instrument forever associated with him.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472514"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.212-pan-and-syrinx"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Highly Important Pictures by Old Masters: The Properties of the Parish of All Hallows Berkyngechirche by the Tower ... and from Other Sources, Which Will Be Sold at Auction by Christie, Manson & Woods ... Friday, June 29, 1973. London: Christie, Manson & Woods, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Charpentier. Collection Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange, partie de cette collection appartenant \u00e0 Monsier le Comte de X\u2026.Tableaux anciens\u2026don\u2019t la vente\u2026aura lieu \u00e0 Paris, Galerie Jean Charpentier\u202611 d\u00e9cembre 1934. Paris, 1934.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, letter to Philipe-Gerard Chabert, Dec. 15, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Philipe-Gerard Chabert, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Aug. 8, 1978, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Du Teil, Baron Josef. \"La Collection Chaix d'Est-Ange.\" Les Arts VI, no. 67 (July 1907): 2-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Jean-Francois de Troy, Pan and Syrinx.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXI, no. 10 (October, 1974): 250-259.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 249, p. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 2 (1974): 31-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74, cat. no. 44; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition Catalogue] 1975-1976, Toledo, OH: The Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7; Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22; Ottawa, Ontario: The National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2; Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 143-144; Reproduced: p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bordeaux, Jean-Luc. Franc\u0327ois Le Moyne and His Generation, 1688-1737. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: Arthena, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129, fig. 363", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B., and Carrie A. Hamilton. The Loves of the Gods: Mythological Painting from Watteau to David. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sestieri, Giancarlo. Repertorio della pittura romana della fine del Seicento e del Settecento. Torino, Italy: U. Allemandi, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. no. 1108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru. Rokoko. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Sho\u0304gakkan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 53, vol. 18-92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leribault, Christophe. Jean-Franc\u0327ois de Troy, 1679-1752. Paris, France: Arthena, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, p. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gustin-Gomez, Cle\u0301mentine. L'ave\u0300nement du plaisir dans la peinture franc\u0327aise: de Le Brun a\u0300 Watteau. Que\u0301tigny, France: Faton, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 318", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.212", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_web.jpg", "width": "1173", "height": "893", "filesize": "744124", "filename": "1973.212_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2589", "filesize": "6022435", "filename": "1973.212_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4568", "filesize": "82256968", "filename": "1973.212_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2017-09-22T10:45:44.088000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "730", "filesize": "305753"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2759", "filesize": "2854697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6493", "height": "5268", "filesize": "102667892"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-23T15:37:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1140", "height": "893", "filesize": "160691"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2664", "filesize": "1999528"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6784", "height": "5316", "filesize": "108215024"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-23T14:59:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "167742"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "1138559"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.212/1973.212_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144045440"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 147479, "creators": [{"id": 1965, "description": "Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy (French, 1679\u20131752)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1679", "death_year": "1752", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:57.905000"}, {"id": 168417, "accession_number": "2010.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Candelabra, c. 1790\u201395. Russia, Tula. Cut and polished steel with gold and silvered decoration; overall: 40.7 x 24.8 cm (16 x 9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.2", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Candelabra", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1880, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Tula"], "technique": "cut and polished steel with gold and silvered decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 40.7 x 24.8 cm (16 x 9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.407, "width": 0.248}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection (Hotel Druot, Paris, Piasa, 18 June 1999).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Kraemer Family Collection (Kraemer & Cie, Paris).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Decorative works in steel like this pair of candelabra were made by gun makers in the town of Tula, Russia, to impress the empress, Catherine the Great.", "description": "Founded in 1705 by Peter the Great, the armory at Tula developed steadily over the 18th century to become the center of Russian metalworking, especially in arms manufacturing. In the 1770s and 1780s, Catherine the Great took a keen interest in the work produced there, sending several of the most proficient craftsmen to England to study the decorative application of steel in armories in Sheffield and London. Subsequently, the Tula artisans surpassed the metalworkers in Britain and elsewhere in Europe, producing decorative wares that were as precious and precise as their brilliantly embellished firearms. Empress Catherine was so pleased that she commissioned diplomatic and royal gifts of Tula ware as well as several noted examples of furniture in the distinctive Tula style of cut steel, gilt-bronze, silver, and gold.
The most recognizable characteristic of Tula ware was the use of beads of steel that replicated faceted diamonds and crystals. No other region was able to achieve the vividness of this technique in cut steel. Most works in Tula steel were small and precious such as inkstands, bobbin holders, buttons, footstools, single candlesticks, etc. These candelabra typify the Neoclassical taste in Russia during the late 1700s, a significant moment in Russian design because of the mature level of craftsmanship and style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756979"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.2-pair-of-candelabra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Cleveland Museum of Art Announces Newest Acquisitions,\" September 7, 2010, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4979"}, {"citation": "Negrotti, Rosanna. \"Acquisition of the Year.\" Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors. V. CLXXII, no. 582 (December 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 42, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen. \"Museum Accessions: Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Antiques (Jan/Feb 2011).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 222-223", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\"Recent acquisitions (2005-11) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Burlington Magazine 1312, no.154 (July 2012): 525-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 530, fig. XIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 138", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.2/2010.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "648", "filesize": "140926", "filename": "2010.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.2/2010.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2449", "filesize": "1234629", "filename": "2010.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.2/2010.2_full.tif", "width": "5958", "height": "4291", "filesize": "76723056", "filename": "2010.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "0bc8645f4e6c4289a666d258f39f816a", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/0bc8645f4e6c4289a666d258f39f816a", "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 168417, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:02:52.931000"}, {"id": 122347, "accession_number": "1942.643", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman as Diana, 1752. Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766). Oil on canvas; framed: 127.5 x 107.5 x 10 cm (50 3/16 x 42 5/16 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 100.4 x 79.5 cm (39 1/2 x 31 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.643", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman as Diana", "creation_date": "1752", "creation_date_earliest": 1752, "creation_date_latest": 1752, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 127.5 x 107.5 x 10 cm (50 3/16 x 42 5/16 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 100.4 x 79.5 cm (39 1/2 x 31 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.275, "width": 1.075, "depth": 0.1}, "unframed": {"height": 1.004, "width": 0.795}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left: Nattier P.x. / 1752", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517563, "title": "France in the 18th Century", "description": "France in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 5-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219132, "title": "Jean Marc Nattier (1685-1766)", "description": "Jean Marc Nattier (1685-1766). Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles et de Trianon, France (October 25, 1999-January 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "C.M.A, 1934: \"Art of the XVII and XVIIIth centuries\".", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "C.M.A., 1936: \"20th Anniversary Exhibition,\" cat. no. 62.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "C.M.A, 1942: \"Exhibition of the John L Severance Collection\", cat. no. 11, pl. VIII.", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein &Co., Nov. 7-Dec. 15, 1951: \"Jubillee Exhibition\", (Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Firm's Establishment in N.Y.City.).", "opening_date": "1951-11-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Oct. 1-Nov 10, 1963: \"Style, Truth, and the Portrait\", cat. no. 54, repr..", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Royal Academy of Arts, London, January 5 to March 3, 1968, \"France in the 18th Century.\" cat. no. 498.", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Versailles, France: Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles et de Trianon (10/25/99 - 1/30/00) \"Jean Marc Nattier (1685-1766)\" exh. cat. no. 69, pp 244-246.", "opening_date": "1999-10-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Comte de Pimodan (probably Georges Pimodan [1822-1860]), Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1860", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Madame Dhainaut", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "Possibly until 19130", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to John L. Severance)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-1936", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1936-1942", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio\n \nBequest of John L. Severance", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sitter was once thought to be King Louis XV\u2019s daughter Henriette or his mistress Madame de Pompadour. Today, her identity is unknown.", "description": "For many years, this sitter was identified as Madame de Pompadour, but she bears little resemblance to this pivotal figure in French art and politics of the mid 1700s. Nattier specialized in portraits of women in mythological guises\u2014in this case, the bow, quiver, and leopard skin, all attributes of Diana, goddess of the hunt.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514834"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.643-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18. 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Renard, Philippe, and Jean-Marc Nattier. Jean-Marc Nattier (1685-1766): un artiste parisien a\u0300 la cour de Louis XV. Saint-Re\u0301my-en-l'Eau: Monelle Hayot, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": " Salmon, Xavier. Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": " Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18. 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [20], Plate VIII, cat. no. 11; Mention: p. 22, cat. no. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130; Mentioned: p. 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cTwo Portraits by Aved and Gros.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 51, no. 8 (October 1964): 196\u2013205.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 198, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152012"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 102; Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 361-362, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. The Enlightenment against the Baroque: Economics and Aesthetics in the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Book Jacket", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.643", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.643/1942.643_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "384643", "filename": "1942.643_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.643/1942.643_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5372672", "filename": "1942.643_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.643/1942.643_full.tif", "width": "3900", "height": "4845", "filesize": "56718672", "filename": "1942.643_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122347, "creators": [{"id": 1935, "description": "Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1685", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1752, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1752", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madame de Pompadour as Diana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:48.971000"}, {"id": 111702, "accession_number": "1930.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Capriccio: A Palace with a Courtyard by the Lagoon, c. 1750\u201355. Antonio Canaletto (Italian, 1697\u20131768). Pen and brown ink and brush and gray and black washes over traces of graphite (?); framing lines in pen and brown and black ink; sheet: 26.9 x 42.1 cm (10 9/16 x 16 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.23", "current_location": null, "title": "Capriccio: A Palace with a Courtyard by the Lagoon", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u201355", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and gray and black washes over traces of graphite (?); framing lines in pen and brown and black ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.9 x 42.1 cm (10 9/16 x 16 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.269, "width": 0.421}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361226, "title": "Antonio Canaletto: 1697-1768", "description": "Antonio Canaletto: 1697-1768. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361222, "title": "Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings", "description": "Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings. Lyman Allyn Art Museum, New London, CT (organizer) (March 2-April 15, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-03-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361223, "title": "Tiepolo and His Contemporaries", "description": "Tiepolo and His Contemporaries. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 14-April 24, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-03-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361224, "title": "Exhibition of Eighteenth-Century Italian Landscape Painting and Its Influence in England", "description": "Exhibition of Eighteenth-Century Italian Landscape Painting and Its Influence in England. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347343, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356654, "title": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780", "description": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (December 1-20, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361225, "title": "Topographical Viewpoint", "description": "Topographical Viewpoint. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30-December 18, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311919, "title": "Views of Venice", "description": "Views of Venice. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 26, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361227, "title": "Canaletto and Bellotto", "description": "Canaletto and Bellotto. Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, MA (organizer) (August 2-31, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-08-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520372, "title": "Eighteenth-Century Venetian Drawings From Correr Museum", "description": "Eighteenth-Century Venetian Drawings From Correr Museum. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (January 21-February 16, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361228, "title": "Canaletto", "description": "Canaletto. Art Gallery of Ontario (organizer) (October 17-November 15, 1964); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (December 4, 1964-January 10, 1965); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (January 29-February 28, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442392, "title": "33 Etchings and Related Works of Canaletto", "description": "33 Etchings and Related Works of Canaletto. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (March 31-May 21, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Obach & Co. (est. 1884), London, sold to Dr. Guy Bellingham Smith.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Guy Bellingham Smith [1856-?], London, UK.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1911-1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Frederik Muller & Co., Amsterdam, sold July 6, 1927, cat. no. 9.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew and Sons (est. 1817), Ltd., London, UK, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Jan. 1930.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "possibly 1927-1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The round building in the distance, across the lagoon, is reminiscent of the Pantheon\u2014a former Roman temple located in Rome.", "description": "Privileged young Europeans embarking on the Grand Tour during the 1700s invariably visited Venice, where they purchased paintings, prints, and drawings to commemorate their trip. Canaletto\u2019s vedute (view paintings) were particularly desirable as mementos of the city. This drawing is a capriccio\u2014an artistic fantasy of architecture and landscape. Canaletto often referred to actual buildings in his capricci, manipulating and combining them to create his invented views. The palatial structure in this composition appropriates the neo-Palladian portal to the Palazzo Tasca in Venice; however, the lagoon, peasant figures, and architectural details are artifice. Traces of Canaletto\u2019s graphite underdrawing are visible in the cloudy sky, as are the black chalk lines he carefully ruled in before delineating the building with pen and brush. The brown ink outlines of the composition contrast with Canaletto\u2019s tints of transparent gray wash, which animate the drawing through their effect of flickering sunlight. Though three large, painted capricci paintings share compositional elements with this drawing, it is unclear whether it is a preliminary study, or an independent work of art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004138"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.23-capriccio-a-palace-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hadeln, Detlev von. The Drawings of Antonio Canal, called Canaletto. London: Duckworth, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "H. S. F. \"A Wash Drawing by Canaletto.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 20, no. 2 (1933): 23-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 23-26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ames, Winslow. \u201cNotes on Drawings: Antonio Canal, Called Canaletto.\u201d Old Master Drawings 12, no. 48 (March 1938).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 53-54, plate 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Tiepolo and His Contemporaries. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yale University Gallery of Fine Arts. Exhibition of Eighteenth Century Italian Landscape Painting and its Influence in England. New Haven, CT: Gallery of Fine Arts, Yale University, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 11, plate 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith College Museum of Art. Italian Drawings 1330-1780. Northampton, MA: Smith College Museum of Art, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. Venetian Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in America. New York: H. Bittner, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 36-37 under no. 49, plate 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 576", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n108"}, {"citation": "The Berkshire Museum. Canaletto and Bellotto (August 2- 31, 1960). Pittsfield, MA: The Berkshire Museum, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W.G. Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio Canal. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 426 under nos. 502, 504, p. 557 no. 819, plate 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W. G. Canaletto:Giovanni Antonio Canal, 1697-1768: Ex. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 133, no. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n171"}, {"citation": "Puppi, Lionello. The Complete Paintings of Canaletto. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118 under no. 310", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n171"}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. Venetian Drawings from American Collections. Washington, DC: International Exhibitions Foundation, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48 under no. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W.G. and J.G. Links. Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio Canal 1697-1768, vol 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 606- 607, no. 819", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Wallen, Burr. The William A. Gumberts Collection of Canaletto Etchings. Santa Barbara, CA: The Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 28-29, fig.11.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. Disegni Antichi del Museo Correr di Venezia, vol 1. Venice: Neri Pozza, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corboz, Andre. Canaletto: Una Venezia immaginaria, vol. 1. Milan: Alfiera Electa, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 119-120, 283, 286, 288, 291, 306, 311, 350, 356, 359, 360, 364, 438, 461, 466, 737 D133; Reproduced: p. 120 fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Treasures on Paper: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W.G. and J.G. Links. Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio Canal 1697-1768, vol 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 463 under no. 502, p. 464 under no. 504, p. 606-607 no. 819; Reproduced: Plate 154 no. 819.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baetjer, Katherine and J.G. Links. Canaletto. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 267 under no. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Masterpieces from East and West. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 23, pp. 4, 66-67, 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane and Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cTreasures on Paper: The Cr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me of the museum\u2019s prints and drawings collection is now on view.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 54, no. 2 (March/April 2014): 6-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-02"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Von Halden 14; Constable-Links 819", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "812", "filesize": "237433", "filename": "1930.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2186", "filesize": "1866051", "filename": "1930.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_full.tif", "width": "7459", "height": "4796", "filesize": "107342148", "filename": "1930.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.23/1930.23_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "804", "filesize": "886716"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.23/1930.23_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1303", "filesize": "2345594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.23/1930.23_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1303", "filesize": "8008420"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111702, "creators": [{"id": 11939, "description": "Antonio Canaletto (Italian, 1697\u20131768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1697", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u201355", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Imaginary View of a Palace on the Shore of the Lagoon", "The Villa Contarini"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:08.500000"}, {"id": 97996, "accession_number": "1917.626", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Britannia, c. 1756. Made by Longton Hall Porcelain Factory (British, Staffordshire, 1749\u201360), decorated by Vauxhall Porcelain Factory (British, 1751\u20131764). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 28 x 24.5 x 13.7 cm (11 x 9 5/8 x 5 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.626", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Britannia", "creation_date": "c. 1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Staffordshire"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 28 x 24.5 x 13.7 cm (11 x 9 5/8 x 5 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.28, "width": 0.245, "depth": 0.137}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 706804, "title": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850", "description": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (January 19-February 28, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The creation of this triumphant personification of the nation was likely spurred on by Great Britain\u2019s conflict with France in the Seven Years\u2019 War (1756\u201363).", "description": "In this depiction of Britannia, the figure is surrounded by symbols of England\u2019s power and military might. On one side, she and a lion, another symbol of Britain, support a shield adorned with the Union flag. Below it lay motifs associated with war such as armor, a trumpet, and a flag. On her left, Britannia presents a medallion to the viewer as she rests her feet on a globe, a symbol of the nation\u2019s territorial aspirations. The portrait may depict the reigning king, George II (1683\u20131760), or Prince Frederick Louis (1707\u20131751), his recently deceased heir.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747145"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.626-figure-of-britannia"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p.11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 (February 1928): 57-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 58-9", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.626", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_web.jpg", "width": "933", "height": "893", "filesize": "426758", "filename": "1917.626_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3255", "filesize": "5215978", "filename": "1917.626_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_full.tif", "width": "4142", "height": "3965", "filesize": "49302112", "filename": "1917.626_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-02-27T16:41:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "297597"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2494", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3886892"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3249", "height": "4430", "filesize": "43210908"}}, {"date_created": "2007-02-27T17:01:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "871", "height": "893", "filesize": "370515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3315", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5068784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3828", "height": "3926", "filesize": "45118972"}}, {"date_created": "2007-02-27T17:10:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "266510"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2509", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3815752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3055", "height": "4140", "filesize": "37974032"}}, {"date_created": "2007-02-27T18:09:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1220", "height": "893", "filesize": "532400"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2489", "filesize": "3928038"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.626/1917.626_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5328", "height": "3900", "filesize": "62369492"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97996, "creators": [{"id": 57145, "description": "Longton Hall Porcelain Factory (British, Staffordshire, 1749\u201360)", "extent": "made by", "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "The first porcelain factory in Staffordshire, it was run by a salt-glaze potter, William Littler, from c. 1749 to 1760 and produced both decorative and useful wares in rather heavy soft-paste similar to that of Chelsea. Dishes, sauce-boats, teapots and small tureens composed of simulated overlapping leaves were a specialty. The Longton factory closed in 1760. (Dictionary of Decorative Arts. 1977, p. 493)", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 343599, "description": "Vauxhall Porcelain Factory (British, 1751\u20131764)", "extent": "decorated by", "qualifier": null, "role": "decorator", "biography": "English porcelain manufactory, 1751-1764. The Vauxhall porcelain factory was run by the partnership of Nicholas Crisp, a merchant and owner of a jewelry shop in London, and John Saunders, a delftware potter.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1751", "death_year": "1764", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:37.390000"}, {"id": 145999, "accession_number": "1971.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of George Pitt, First Baron Rivers, 1769. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Oil on canvas; framed: 261 x 181 x 9 cm (102 3/4 x 71 1/4 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 234.3 x 154.3 cm (92 1/4 x 60 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1971.2", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of George Pitt, First Baron Rivers", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 261 x 181 x 9 cm (102 3/4 x 71 1/4 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 234.3 x 154.3 cm (92 1/4 x 60 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.61, "width": 1.81, "depth": 0.09}, "unframed": {"height": 2.343, "width": 1.543}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228295, "title": "Vittorio Alfieri: Aristocratico Ribelle (1749-1803)", "description": "Vittorio Alfieri: Aristocratico Ribelle (1749-1803). Turin State Archives, Torino, Italy (October 8, 2003-January 12, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181714, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)", "description": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation). Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (April 3-June 5, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1769).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Works by Old Masters (Winter Exhibition).Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1881).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "The First Hundred Years of the Royal Academy (Winter Exhibition) Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1951-1952).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Pitt, First Lord Rivers [1721-1803], Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire, by descent to his grandson, William Horace Pitt-Rivers, 3rd Lord Rivers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1769-1803", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Horace Pitt-Rivers, 3rd Lord Rivers [1777-1831], Rushmore, Dorset, by descent to Horace, 6th Lord Rivers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1803-1831", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Horace, 6th Lord Rivers [1814-1880], by descent to his cousin, Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1831-1880", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt [1827-1900], by descent to his grandson George Henry Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt was the second son of Marcia Lucy [died 1822], the youngest sister of George, 2nd Lord Rivers.
"], "date": "1880-1900", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "George Henry Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers [1890-1966], Hinton St. Mary, Dorset, passed to his common-law wife Stella", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900-1966", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Stella Pitt-Rivers, sold to E.V. Thaw", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Stella was the common-law wife of George Henry Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers, and later married M. Robert Maumen
"], "date": "1966-1970", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-1971", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gainsborough was famous for his portraits, but he especially loved painting landscapes.", "description": "Although George Pitt reputedly led a life of debauchery and was a cruel husband, Thomas Gainsborough\u2019s portrait endows him with an aura of dignity and refinement. This work was painted between Pitt\u2019s appointments as ambassador to Turin, Italy, and Madrid, Spain, but he is very much the English gentleman at home on his country estate. Gainsborough balances the deep scarlet and green facing of Pitt\u2019s military uniform with the cool, woodland landscape painted with wide, liquid brushstrokes of mauves, grays, and silvers.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471879"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.2-portrait-of-george-p"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters. New Haven, CT. Yale University Press, 2019. p. 712-714.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brock-Arnold, George M. Gainsborough. London, United Kingdom: S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, 1889.", "page_number": "p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monkhouse, Cosmo. \"Thomas Gainsborough.\" In Dictionary of National Biography. Leslie Stephen, ed., 361-367. New York: Macmillan, 1885.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. XX, P. 363", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. Gainsborough and His Place in English Art. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1898.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110-111, vol. I; Mentioned: p. 117, 201, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gower, Ronald Sutherland, Lord. Thomas Gainsborough. [with Illustrations.]. London: George Bell & Sons, 1903.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 53", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t2k651k8g"}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. Gainsborough and His Place in English Art: With 48 Plates. London: Heinemann, 1904.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 116, 147, 155, 277", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t0xq0fr90"}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191, vol III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulton, William Biggs. Thomas Gainsborough: His Life, Work, Friends, and Sitters ... With Forty Illustrations. Methuen & Co: London, 1905.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 165", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t98666g77"}, {"citation": "Menpes, Mortimer, and James Greig. Gainsborough. London, United Kingdom: A. and C. Black, 1909.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79-80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912. London, United Kingdom: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 384, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitley, William T. Artists and Their Friends in England, 1700-1799. London, United Kingdom & Boston, MA: Medici Society, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 378", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis K. \"Preliminary Check List of Portraits by Thomas Gainsborough.\" The Walpole Society, XXXIII (1948-50).", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, E. K. \"The Exhibition 'The First Hundred Years of The Royal Academy'.\" The Burlington Magazine 94, no. 587 (1952): 48-54.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 51, fig. 17", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/870794"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. Gainsborough. London], United Kingdom: E. Hulton, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21, no. 577, pl. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Thomas Gainsborough, George Pitt, First Lord Rivers.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LVIII no. 11 (November, 1971): 258-268.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 257, and details; fig. 1,7,8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d May 12, 1971, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1895"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis. \u201cBath and Gainsborough.\u201d Apollo: The International Magazine of Art & Antiques 98 (November 1973): 360\u201365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 365; reproduced: P. 363, fig. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n213"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189-191; Reproduced: p. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sloman, Susan. Gainsborough in Bath. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49, fig. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maggio Serra, Rosanna. Vittorio Alfieri: aristocratico ribelle (1749-1803) : [Torino, Archivio di Stato, 5 ottobre 2003-11 gennaio 2004]. Milano, Italy: Electa, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiles, Stephanie, \"British Invasion\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 04, April 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-04/page/8"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, James. Gainsborough: A Portrait. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters. New Haven : Published for the Paul mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 1, 4, 12, 278, 548, 712-714, cat. 770", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_web.jpg", "width": "591", "height": "900", "filesize": "232942", "filename": "1971.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_print.jpg", "width": "2234", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2065976", "filename": "1971.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_full.tif", "width": "9068", "height": "13800", "filesize": "375441880", "filename": "1971.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-05-18T19:32:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "343929"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2244", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5174254"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3642", "height": "5519", "filesize": "60334536"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "893", "filesize": "349972"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2224", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4811393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3271", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49088688"}}, {"date_created": "2020-02-27T10:06:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "900", "filesize": "227265"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2264", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2706928"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9376", "height": "14083", "filesize": "396152500"}}, {"date_created": "2009-05-18T19:31:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "420527"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6022305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.2/1971.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4614", "height": "6456", "filesize": "89398052"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 145999, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["George Pitt, First Lord Rivers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:06.776000"}, {"id": 170257, "accession_number": "2012.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Desk and Bookcase, c. 1780\u201395. Attributed to John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809). \"Plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass; overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper, 2012.43", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Desk and Bookcase", "creation_date": "c. 1780\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Rhode Island, Newport, 18th century"], "technique": "\"Plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.4, "width": 1.08, "depth": 0.648}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Oliver Wolcott, Sr [1726-1797], a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, commissioned from the maker.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "probably 1785", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Thence by descent through the Wolcott, Tuckerman, Minturn, Draper, Buchanan families.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1785-2012", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of Connecticut.", "description": "In the 1700s, Newport, Rhode Island, was the fifth largest city in North America and one of the most important centers of shipping and trade along the Eastern Seaboard. Orders for furniture from its celebrated cabinetmakers came in from far and wide. This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of the State of Connecticut. Eventually, the desk passed down through his family to Dorothy Draper, an important 20th-century interior decorator, and ultimately to her daughter, Penelope Draper Buchanan, whose husband gave it to the museum after her death\u2014a rare, unbroken line of succession.
Large desks were designed to hold all the necessary components of a gentleman\u2019s office under lock and key: books, papers, pens and ink, and important documents. To serve such a function desks also became complicated masterworks of the cabinetmaker\u2019s art, incorporating many parts from small drawers to large panels cut from a single tree, making them among the most expensive types of furniture available. This desk and bookcase exhibits the characteristic traits of classic Newport furniture\u2014\u201cplum pudding\u201d mahogany, cupcake-like finials, and a carved shell on the inside of the desk.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755900"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.43-desk-and-bookcase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. vol. 53 no. 02, (March/April 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-02/page/n21"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 137", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 20", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_web.jpg", "width": "538", "height": "893", "filesize": "68083", "filename": "2012.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_print.jpg", "width": "2050", "height": "3400", "filesize": "827713", "filename": "2012.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_full.tif", "width": "4824", "height": "8000", "filesize": "115804448", "filename": "2012.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-01-07T16:32:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "893", "filesize": "67229"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2138", "height": "3400", "filesize": "795115"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5004", "height": "7957", "filesize": "119475108"}}, {"date_created": "2013-01-07T16:41:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "72672"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2362", "height": "3400", "filesize": "845821"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5558", "height": "8000", "filesize": "133418196"}}, {"date_created": "2013-01-07T16:36:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "70652"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "801582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5719", "height": "8000", "filesize": "137284604"}}, {"date_created": "2013-01-07T16:40:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "70552"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "800469"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.43/2012.43_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5719", "height": "8000", "filesize": "137284956"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 170257, "creators": [{"id": 63187, "description": "John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:00.043000"}, {"id": 123431, "accession_number": "1943.657", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Invocation to Love, c. 1781. Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806). Brush and brown wash with graphite squaring lines and underdrawing on cream laid paper; sheet: 33.5 x 41.6 cm (13 3/16 x 16 3/8 in.); secondary support: 37.6 x 47.8 cm (14 13/16 x 18 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.657", "current_location": null, "title": "Invocation to Love", "creation_date": "c. 1781", "creation_date_earliest": 1776, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Brush and brown wash with graphite squaring lines and underdrawing on cream laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper, laid down on board (mount by Fran\u00e7ois Renaud, second half of 18th Century)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 33.5 x 41.6 cm (13 3/16 x 16 3/8 in.); Secondary Support: 37.6 x 47.8 cm (14 13/16 x 18 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.335, "width": 0.416}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.376, "width": 0.478}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Secondary support, lower right, in graphite: 62 [L?]3", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso of secondary support, center left, in graphite: Salon", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361353, "title": "The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England", "description": "The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (April 27-May 31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-04-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360892, "title": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse", "description": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518662, "title": "French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism", "description": "French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (March 5-April 18, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361355, "title": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections", "description": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (April 4-May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361356, "title": "Rubenism", "description": "Rubenism. David Winton Bell Gallery, Providence, RI (January 30-February 23, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361357, "title": "Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections", "description": "Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (November 16, 1978-January 21, 1979); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (February 15-April 1, 1979); Frick Collection, New York, NY (April 20-June 3, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361358, "title": "\u30d5\u30e9\u30b4\u30ca\u30fc\u30eb\u5c55 (Fragonard Exhibition)", "description": "\u30d5\u30e9\u30b4\u30ca\u30fc\u30eb\u5c55 (Fragonard Exhibition). National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (March 18-May 11, 1980); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (May 24-June 29, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-03-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361359, "title": "Fragonard", "description": "Fragonard. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (organizer) (September 24, 1987-January 4, 1988); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 2-May 8, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361360, "title": "Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing", "description": "Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (July 22-September 19, 1993); Philadelphia Museum of Art (October 30, 1993-January 2, 1994); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (February 6-April 3, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-07-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217099, "title": "Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Pictures of Love", "description": "Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Pictures of Love. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA (October 28, 2007-January 21, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Fran\u00e7ois Renaud [active late 18th-early 19th century; Lugt 1042], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The provenance of this work has been confused in the literature because of a similar sheet in the Princeton University Art Museum. Two eighteenth-century sale catalogues could refer to either work: that of M de Sireul (Lugt 3329) and an anonymous catalogue for March 24, 1783 (experts: Le Brun and Boileaux), under no. 39 (according to O'Neill 1981). The Princeton drawing, which measures 35.4 x 46.3 cm, has been connected to the Sireul sheet (recorded as measuring 35.1 x 45.9 cm) as their dimensions correspond fairly closely, but whether the two are the same is difficult to know with absolute certainty. The drawing in the Marcille sale could also have been either sheet. The Princeton drawing is traceable directly back to the Walferdin sale (Ross 1983). Most of the literature on the Cleveland sheet lists the French painter Pierre-D\u00e9sir\u00e9-Eug\u00e8ne Franc Lamy (Lugt 949b) as a previous owner and either states or implies that his mark is present on the sheet's mount (see Grace Rainey Rogers sale, Parke Bernet Galleries, New York, 18-20 November 1943, no. 46; Rotterdam et al. 1958-60; Los Angeles 1961; Ananoff 1961-70; Toronto et al. 1972-73; Providence 1975; Washington et al. 1978-79; Tokyo/Kyoto 1980; Los Angeles et al. 1993-94). His mark is not present, however.
"], "date": "?-by 1781", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Possibly M. Sireul", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-by 1781", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Chez M. Boileau, Paris, Tableaux et dessins pre\u0301cieux qui composent le cabinet de M. de Sireul, December 3, 1781, no. 241, possibly sold to Fran\u00e7ois-Martial Marcille)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"une jeune fille invoquant l'Amour, au pied de sa Statue; le fond pr\u00e9sente une intention de Paysage.\"
"], "date": "1781", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Possibly Fran\u00e7ois-Martial Marcille [1790-1856], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1857", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Paris, M. Marcille sale, March 4-7, 1857, under no. 416, sold to Pierre D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Eug\u00e8ne Franc Lamy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"pri\u00e8re \u00e0 l'amour et sc\u00e8ne de famille 2 dessins lav\u00e9s au bistre.\"
According to letter from F\u00e9lix Wildenstein, CMA files.
"], "date": "1857-about 1922", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., Inc., New York, sold to Grace Rainey Rogers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
According to letter from F\u00e9lix Wildenstein, CMA files.
"], "date": "about 1922", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867-1943], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
According to letter from F\u00e9lix Wildenstein, CMA files.
"], "date": "1922-1943", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, Notable...Paintings and Drawings...Property of the Estate of the Late Grace Rainey Rogers, November 18-20, 1943, no. 46, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing contains squaring\u2014a grid underlying the image\u2014suggesting it's a smaller drawn replica of a related oil painting.", "description": "Fragonard used gardens as the setting for love and courtship in some of his most important works. One such scene, this drawing depicts a woman pleading for help from a statue of Eros, the god of love. He wears a blindfold, suggesting an uncertain outcome for the woman, as does a Cupid who indifferently leans on an orb nearby. Like other artists in 18th-century France, Fragonard was deeply influenced by historic imagery of the Garden of Love\u2014a pastoral and idyllic contained landscape. He revisited the specific image seen here multiple times, in two oil paintings (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre and private collection, New York) and another drawing (Princeton University Art Museum).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760332"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.657-invocation-to-love"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue des tableaux et dessins pr\u00e9cieux qui composent le cabinet de M. de Sireul. Paris: Chez M. Boileau, 1791.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portalis, Roger. Honore\u0301 Fragonard, sa vie et son oeuvre. Paris: J. Rothschild, 1889.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "Notable French Furniture of the Eighteenth Century, Paintings and Drawings...Property of the Estate of the Late Grace Rainey Rogers. New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: plate 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing by Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 32, no. 6 (June 1945): 88, 91.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England. Exh. Cat. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 590", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n110"}, {"citation": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959. (also published in French and Dutch)", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 51; Reproduced: plate 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: UCLA Art Galleries, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. L'oeuvre dessine\u0301 de Jean-Honore\u0301 Fragonard (1732-1806): catalogue raisonne\u0301. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 4, p. 154, no. 2422; Reproduced: fig. 612", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius. European Art and the Classical Past. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 129-130; Reproduced: no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Watrous, James. The Craft of Old-Master Drawings. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 80-82; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Elsa Durand Mower Collection of French and Italian Drawings. Exh. Cat. Princeton: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n165"}, {"citation": "\"Fragonard.\" Praeger Encyclopedia of Art. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 703", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. French Master Drawings of the 17th & 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubenism. Exh. Cat. Providence: Bell Gallery, Brown University, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206"}, {"citation": "Williams, Eunice. Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Eunice. \"Rescuing Fragonard from 'a Kind of Limbo.'\" Artnews 78, no. 5 (May 1979): 74-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leach, Mark Carter. \"The Literary and Emblematic Activity of Herman Hugo, S.J. (1588-1629).\" PhD diss., University of Delaware, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 215-216, 379; Reproduced: fig. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russell, John. \"A Fragonard Festival at the Frick.\" New York Times Magazine (April 15, 1979): 29-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. Fragonard. Exh. Cat. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ross, Barbara T. \"Notes on Selected French Old Master Drawings from the Permanent Collection.\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 42, no. 1 (1983): 4-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Neill, Mary. Les Peintures de l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise des XVIIe et XVIIIe si\u00e8cles. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts d'Orl\u00e9ans, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63, under no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. Fragonard. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre. Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard: Life and Work, Complete Catalogue of the Oil Paintings. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ashton, Dore. Fragonard in the Universe of Painting. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 217-218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Campbell, Richard J. and Victor Carlson. Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1993,", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, pp. 122-123, no. 47, 289-290; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Diana. \"The Evolution of a Collection: Drawings in Cleveland.\" Master Drawings 38, no. 3 (Fall 2000).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 252; Reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Molotiu, Andrei. Fragonard's Allegories of Love. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Getty Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 29-37; Reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Allegories of Love.\" Journal of the Print World (Winter 2008): 32.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupuy-Vachey, Marie-Anne. \"Every Possible Combination: Between Inspiration and Finish in Fragonard's Oeuvre.\" In Fragonard: Drawing Triumphant: Works from New York Collections. Perrin Stein, et. al., 15-46. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, p. 273 no. 65; Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 32", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Ananoff 2422", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.657", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_web.jpg", "width": "1102", "height": "893", "filesize": "223407", "filename": "1943.657_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2756", "filesize": "1884721", "filename": "1943.657_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_full.tif", "width": "4940", "height": "4005", "filesize": "59378704", "filename": "1943.657_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123431, "creators": [{"id": 2002, "description": "Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1776, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1781", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Vow to Love"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:05.112000"}, {"id": 151444, "accession_number": "1983.28", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar (\ubc31\uc790\ud638 (\u767d\u78c1\u58fa)), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Glazed porcelain; overall: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.); outer diameter: 31.6 cm (12 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1983.28", "current_location": null, "title": "Jar", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790\ud638 (\u767d\u78c1\u58fa)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "glazed porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.); Outer diameter: 31.6 cm (12 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"outer diameter": {"width": 0.316}, "overall": {"height": 0.343}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.117}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.116}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 290449, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 13-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 368005, "title": "Conversation about Diversity in Korean Embroidery Arts", "description": "Conversation about Diversity in Korean Embroidery Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 452567, "title": "Old and New in Korean Art", "description": "Old and New in Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 28, 2022-April 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Osborne I. Hauge [1913-2004] and Victor L. Hauge [1919-2013], Falls Church, VA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1983", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Known as a \u201cmoon\u201d jar, this vessel is named for its circular form and color.", "description": "This white jar reflects values of frugality and pragmatism, political ideals encouraged by the ruling house\u2019s government. The absence of underglaze cobalt blue decoration could be the artist\u2019s response to the socioeconomic crisis caused by famines in the late 1600s. The Korean ruling house then enforced strict laws banning luxuries, including cobalt blue, to preserve state finances. Such challenges did not stop the artist from experimenting with a new aesthetics. The concept of minimalism, often phrased as \u201cless is more,\u201d is powerfully exercised in this jar.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79934944"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.28-jar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "White Porcelain Jars: Embracing the Joseon ideals and Rituals [\ubc31\uc790 \ud56d\uc544\ub9ac: \uc870\uc120\uc758 \uc778\uacfc \uc608\ub97c \ub2f4\ub2e4]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. History of Korean Ceramics [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Kyu-rim. \"The Characteristics of White Round Jar in the 17th-18th Centuries of the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120 17~18\uc138\uae30 \ubc31\uc790\uc6d0\ud638(\u767d\u78c1\u5713\u58fa)\uc758 \uc870\ud615\uacfc \uc131\uaca9].\" Hanguk munhwa yeongu (2019): 153-180.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09242637"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Stories from Storage.\" The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries 24, i. 5 (May 2021): 6-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \u201cPlaybook for Solitude.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 12.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 12.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa. \"The Politics of Frugality.\" In Forces of Nature: New Perspectives on Korean Environments, David Fedman, Eleana Jean Kim, and Albert L. Park, 65-75. Ithaca [New York]: Cornell University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 68, fig. 3.2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Politics of Frugality: Environmental Crisis and Artistic Production in Eighteenth-Century Korea.\" In Forces of Nature: New Perspectives on Korean Environments, pp. 65\u201375. David Fedman, Eleana Jean Kim, and Albert L. Park, eds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 3.2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.28/1983.28_web.jpg", "width": "937", "height": "893", "filesize": "49127", "filename": "1983.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.28/1983.28_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3240", "filesize": "758248", "filename": "1983.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.28/1983.28_full.tif", "width": "4296", "height": "4095", "filesize": "52810460", "filename": "1983.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "1f0a28465735411fb4292e63debf3ffa", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/1f0a28465735411fb4292e63debf3ffa", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151444, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Moon Jar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:00:54.249000"}, {"id": 136656, "accession_number": "1961.198", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nursing Woman with Child, 1800s-1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, reportedly Korhogo area, Senufo-style carver. Wood and organic material; overall: 63.6 cm (25 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert and Mary Gardiner Ford Memorial Fund, 1961.198", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Nursing Woman with Child", "creation_date": "1800s-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1961, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, reportedly Korhogo area, Senufo-style carver"], "technique": "Wood and organic material", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 63.6 cm (25 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.636}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "The Imagination of Primitive Man. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "Images of the Mind. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 204227, "title": "Senufo: Art and Identity in West Africa", "description": "Senufo: Art and Identity in West Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-May 31, 2015); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (June 28-September 27, 2015); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (November 28, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-02-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "The Language of Beauty in African Art. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mathias Komor, New York, NY, 1961, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The mother\u2019s face, adorned with incisions and markings, resembles that of women who have reached puberty.", "description": "Beyond its specific depiction of a mother nursing her child, this sculpture symbolizes a larger concept of ancestral motherhood that is central to Senufo society, in which cultural inheritance is matrilineal. The darkened areas of wood come from oils applied to its surface as both libations and surface protectants. In some Senufo beliefs, one of the most important founding ancestors is the Great Mother or Ancient Woman (Katyeleeo or Maleeo). In groups that believe in the Great Mother, she suckles male initiates with the \"milk of knowledge.\" Through this process, youths gain the information they need to become adults (that is, fully human). The simplified appearance of the \"child\" in this sculpture reflects his unformed, pre-initiated state.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760770"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.198-nursing-woman-with-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kjersmeier, Carl, and Franc\u0327oise Juliette Isabelle Gleizal. 1967. Centres De Style De La Sculpture Ne\u0300gre Africaine. New York: Hacker Art Books, figs. 38-41.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lem, F. H. 1948. Sculptures Soudanaises. Paris: Arts et Me\u0301tiers Graphiques, figs. 40-46.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muensterberger, Werner. 1955. Sculpture of Primitive Man. New York: H.N. Abrams, fig. 9.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Sculpture of Africa : 405 Photographs. 1958. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, figs. 96, 103.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elsy Leuzinger, Africa (New York, 1960), Senufo seated female cf. fig. 26 and standing, pl. 12.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Primitive Art (New York, N.Y.), and Robert Goldwater. 1964. Senufo Sculpture from West Africa. Greenwich, Conn: Distributed by New York Graphic Society, p. 24.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1961.\" In Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 48, no. 9 (November 1961): 248, cat. 24; repr. p. 233.", "page_number": "p.248, cat. 24; repr. p. 233", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142473"}, {"citation": "The Nelson Gallery of Art. The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-literate People of the World. Kansas City, MO: The Nelson Gallery of Art and Atkins Museum, 1962, 22, no. 27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966, 302.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n326"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969, 302.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n326"}, {"citation": "Elizabeth Broudy and Elizabeth Youngblood. Icon and Symbol: The Cult of the Ancestor in African Art. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbrook Academy of Art & Museum, 1975, cat. 9.", "page_number": "cat. no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P. Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975, cat. no. 54.", "page_number": "cat. no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978, 410.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 410", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n430"}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989, fig. 21.", "page_number": "fig. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991, 149.", "page_number": "p.149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Gibbons, Martha B., and Jo Zuppan. Interpretations: Sixty-five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991, 42.", "page_number": "p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. South of the Sahara: Selected Works of African Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003, 47, color plate 8.", "page_number": "p.47, color plate 8.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A New Installation for African Art in Cleveland.\" In Tribal 3, no. 36 (Autumn/Winter 2004): 68-73.", "page_number": "p.68-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth, and Constantijn Petridis. Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "p. 146, fig. 97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth and Constantine Petridis. \"Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa.\" In African Arts 48, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 6-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8, fig. 2.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cyvoct, Colin. \u201cL'Afrique des Senufo au Musee Fabre.\u201d In L'\u0152il 687 (Janvier 2016): 90.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": "https://www.lejournaldesarts.fr/expositions/lafrique-des-senufo-au-musee-fabre-127856"}, {"citation": "Geoffroy-Schneiter, B\u00e9r\u00e9nice. \u201cL'Art Senufo au Sommet.\u201d L'Estampille/L'Objet d'Art 520 (F\u00e9vrier 2016): 6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6.", "url": "https://www.estampille-objetdart.com/numero-520/lyon-musees-tissus-arts-decoratifs-peril/l-art-senufo-sommet.40220.php"}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M. Maternity: Mothers and Children in the Arts of Africa. Brussels: Mercatorfonds, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 145-146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily, Nadiah Fellah, and William Griswold. Picturing Motherhood Now. Cleveland : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: P. 10-11, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. The language of beauty in African art. 2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.198", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_web.jpg", "width": "563", "height": "893", "filesize": "239923", "filename": "1961.198_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_print.jpg", "width": "2143", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3620299", "filename": "1961.198_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_full.tif", "width": "3582", "height": "5682", "filesize": "61091168", "filename": "1961.198_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-27T13:21:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "893", "filesize": "257000"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2294", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3917149"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3764", "height": "5579", "filesize": "63030428"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-27T13:22:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "543", "height": "893", "filesize": "225395"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2066", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3512124"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3538", "height": "5822", "filesize": "61826744"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-27T13:24:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "243625"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2130", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3702316"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3566", "height": "5692", "filesize": "60925232"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-27T13:23:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "547", "height": "893", "filesize": "230120"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2084", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3503674"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.198/1961.198_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3538", "height": "5772", "filesize": "61296152"}}], "creditline": "James Albert and Mary Gardiner Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "867a30f081df40d09597b4fb140b4cf3", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/867a30f081df40d09597b4fb140b4cf3", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136656, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Woman and Child (ancestor or maternity group?)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:02:24.250000"}, {"id": 149041, "accession_number": "1977.182", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Covered Tureen on Stand (Pot-\u00e0-oille), 1735\u201338. Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonnier (French, 1695\u20131750), Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Bonnestrenne (French), Henry Adnet (French, 1745). Silver; overall: 36.9 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (14 1/2 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.); average: 35 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (13 3/4 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1977.182", "current_location": null, "title": "Covered Tureen on Stand (Pot-\u00e0-oille)", "creation_date": "1735\u201338", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1738, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 36.9 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (14 1/2 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.); Average: 35 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (13 3/4 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.369, "width": 0.384, "depth": 0.318}, "average": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.384, "depth": 0.318}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Pierre\u2212Fran\u00e7ois Bonnestrenne, beneath platter; inside tureen (two marks)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1734\u22121735, beneath platter; inside tureen; inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark of Hubert Louvet, Paris, 1732-1738, on platter border; beneath platter; beneath tureen; inside cover; inside tureen (two marks)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Louis Robin mostly used for stamping small work, Paris 1738\u22121744, on platter border; beneath tureen]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1736\u22121737, on platter border]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Possibly British import mark, London, 1925, on platter border]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Possibly mark of the British firm Charles & Richard Comyns, on platter border]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge of Louis Robin mostly used for stamping gold and silver between 1738 and 1744, beneath tureen; outside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Henry-Guillaume Adnet, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Two small undefined marks, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Under the surface of the platter the engraved signature]: \u201cFAIT-PAR-I-A-MEISSONIER-ARCHITECTTE\u201d; [and the weight] \u201c673=5\"; \u201cNo. [v] I 50 \u00a3 b76Sol\u201d; [and the numbers] \u201cA n\u00ba 1\u201d; \u201cA n\u00ba2\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On tureen lip]: \"MEISSONIER\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On tureen lip]: \u201cA n\u00ba 3\u201d; \u201cA n\u00ba2\u201d [in order to place the tureen correctly on the stand]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Numbers engraved on the stand, the tureen, and the cover to show how the piece should be assembled]:\n \u201cA n\u00ba 1\u201d [on the base of the tureen; beneath the cover; on the platter],\n\u201cA n\u00ba 2\u201d [on the platter],\n\u201cA n\u00ba 3\u201d [on the exterior rim of the tureen],\n\u201cA n\u00ba4\u201d; \u201cA n\u00ba 5\u201d [outside the cover],\n\u201cA n\u00ba 7\u201d [on the border of the platter]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Two warden's marks for Paris, 1735-1736, beneath tureen]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442564, "title": "Tanke och form i rokokon (18th Century: Thought and Form in the Rococo Age)", "description": "Tanke och form i rokokon (18th Century: Thought and Form in the Rococo Age). Nationalmuseum, 103 24 Stockholm, Sweden (organizer) (October 4, 1979-January 6, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220590, "title": "Rococo: The Continuing Curve 1720-2008", "description": "Rococo: The Continuing Curve 1720-2008. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 7-July 6, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Evelyn Pierrepont, 2nd Duke of Kingston [1711\u20131773], England, by descent to his wife, Elizabeth Chudleigh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1740-1773", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Elizabeth Chudleigh, sometime Duchess of Kingston [1721\u20131788], England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1773-1788", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Prince Alexander Bezborodko [1747\u20131799], Russia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788-1799 (?)", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Count Elie Bezborodko [1756\u20131815], Russia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1799-1815 (?)", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Count Alexander Kushelev-Bezborodko [1800-1855], Russia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1815-1855 (?)", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsoff [1832-1909], Russia, by descent to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1855-1909 (?)", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann [1858-1923], Paris, France, 1909, sold to John Pierpont Morgan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "John Pierpont Morgan [1837-1913]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1909-1913 (?)", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Charles and Richard Comyns, London, England, 1925-1926, sold to anonymous buyer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925-1926", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Peter Zervudachi [b. 1921], Galerie du Lac, Vevey, Switzerland, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 161718, "description": "Works of Juste-Aurele Meissonier (Oeuvre de Juste- AurPle Meissonier), plate 115: Silver Sculptural Project for a Large Centerpiece and Two Tureens Which Have Been Executed for His Lordship the Duke of Kingston, plate 115 from Works of Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonier (Oeuvre de Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonier), c. 1735\u201337. Gabriel Huquier (French, 1695\u20131772), after Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonnier (French, 1695\u20131750). Etching; sheet: 42 x 66.8 cm (16 9/16 x 26 5/16 in.); platemark: 38 x 64 cm (14 15/16 x 25 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund 2000.76", "relationship": "model for"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The langoustine, pigeon, and vegetables were cast using real examples giving the silver copies lifelike detail and appearance.", "description": "This tureen exemplifies the French Rococo style, an artistic movement celebrating naturalistic forms that developed in Paris during the early 1700s. In contrast to classical, controlled symmetry, Rococo forms morph, twist, and spill into the space around them. Meissonnier embellished this tureen in a picturesque arrangement of vegetables and creatures, transforming a utilitarian object into a decadent display of wealth and abundance. This masterpiece comes from a set of two tureens commissioned by the English Duke of Kingston during an extended stay in Paris in the 1730s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758901"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.182-covered-tureen-on-st"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum of Art Has Purchased Jointly with Stichting Collectie Thyssen\u2014Bornemisza the Kingston Tureens,\u201d January 4, 1978, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2515"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"Meissonnier's Silver for the Duke of Kingston.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 65, no. 10 (December 1978): 312-352.", "page_number": "Reproduced: figs. 3, 7, 16", "url": "wwww.jstor.org/stable/25159607"}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u2013378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 366-367, fig. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "Truman, Charles. Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Silver. London: Conran Octopus, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 93", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=29221527"}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M, \"A Discerning Eye\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 39 no. 05, May 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 40, p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jolly, Anna. Seidengewebe des 18. Jahrhunderts. 2. Riggisberg: Abegg-Stiftung, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuhring, Peter. \"The Silver Inventory from 1741 of Louis, duc d'Orleans.\" Cleveland Studies in the History of Art 8 (2003): 130-145.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 130-131, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079735"}, {"citation": "Caillaud-de Guido, Laurence. \"La courbe rocaille, lien entre les si\u00e8cles.\" L'Estampille, l'objet d'art, no. 435 (May 2008).
1989.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bo\u0308hmer, Achim, and Sara Hausmann. Retrodesign: stylelab. Mainz: Verlag Hermann Schmidt, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=456565304"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: pp. 214-215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. Baroque and Rococo. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 293, fig. 179", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=804911527"}, {"citation": "Truman, Charles, Seoyoung Kim, and Rebecca Wallis. The Wallace Collection: Catalogue of Gold Boxes. London: The Trustees of the Wallace Colection, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67, fig. 4.1", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=746463344"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schroder, Timothy. \"Rococo Silver.\" In Scrolls of Fantasy: The Rococo and Ceramics in England, C. 1735-C. 1775. Charles Dawson, ed., 7-26. London: English Ceramic Circle, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manners, Errol. \"The Rococo Porcelain of Europe and its influence on British Ceramics.\" In Scrolls of Fantasy: The Rococo and Ceramics in England, C. 1735-C. 1775. Charles Dawson, ed., 27-38. London: English Ceramic Circle, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Welcome, Ada de Wit: The museum's new curator of decorative art.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 63, no. 3 (2023): 22-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-03/page/22/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.182", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.182/1977.182_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "646", "filesize": "137475", "filename": "1977.182_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.182/1977.182_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2439", "filesize": "1545427", "filename": "1977.182_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.182/1977.182_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "10189", "filesize": "434201868", "filename": "1977.182_full.tif"}}, 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "a8255220644f492a992d80986b1da8d2", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/a8255220644f492a992d80986b1da8d2", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149041, "creators": [{"id": 13916, "description": "Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonnier (French, 1695\u20131750)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1750", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 13934, "description": "Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Bonnestrenne (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Master 1714", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 13926, "description": "Henry Adnet (French, 1745)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Master 1712", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1745", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1735\u201338", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tureen"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:08.006000"}, {"id": 143206, "accession_number": "1967.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois, 1723. Hyacinthe Rigaud (French, 1659\u20131743). Oil on canvas; framed: 180.5 x 148 x 15 cm (71 1/16 x 58 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); unframed: 146.7 x 113.7 cm (57 3/4 x 44 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1967.17", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois", "creation_date": "1723", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1723, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 180.5 x 148 x 15 cm (71 1/16 x 58 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); Unframed: 146.7 x 113.7 cm (57 3/4 x 44 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.805, "width": 1.48, "depth": 0.15}, "unframed": {"height": 1.467, "width": 1.137}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on base of clock: fait par Hyacinthus Rigaud, 1723", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337083, "title": "The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774", "description": "The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774. The Toledo Museum of Art (organizer) (October 26-December 7, 1975); The Art Institute of Chicago (January 10-February 22, 1976); National Gallery of Canada (March 21-May 2, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 287121, "title": "Opulent Fashion in the Church", "description": "Opulent Fashion in the Church. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2016-October 2, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 376102, "title": "Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) or the Sun Portrait", "description": "Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) or the Sun Portrait. Mus\u00e9e National de Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles, 78 008 Versailles cedex, France (organizer) (May 19-June 13, 2021) http://en.chateauversailles.fr/news/exhibitions/hyacinthe-rigaud-sun-portrait.", "opening_date": "2021-05-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "L'Exposition de la Jeunesse. Place Dauphne, Paris, France (1723)", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Exposition d'oeuvres de l'art fran\u00e7ais au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Berlin, Germany (1910)", "opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Painter as Historian. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (1962)", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1956-1957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, sale, Dec. 10, 1956, lot Q, sold to Wildenstein & Co.)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1In addition to the Rigaud painting, Wildenstein also purchased Aved's Portrait of Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna (CMA 1964.89) at this sale. Prior to this auction, the Rigaud, like the Aved, may have been in the Delaney collection. The Aved painting, as well as Tiepolo painting currently in the Samuel Kress Collection at the National Gallery (1952.5.78), were both owned by Edouard Kann and then by \u201cMme. Delaney,\u201d who may or may not have been the consignor to the 1956 Drouot sale. Because both the Rigaud and Aved were owned by Edouard Kann and were later sold in the 1956 sale, it is likely that the intervening owner(s) were also the same. The exact path that the Rigaud and Aved took after Kann is unknown; the Tiepolo was sold at the Galerie Charpentier in 1933, but neither the Rigaud nor the Aved appears in that sale.
1 The Duveen Brothers stock book indicates, through a \"K\" in the \"remarks\" column, that on August 4, 1907, Edouard Kann, Rodolphe's son, purchased the Rigaud and other works from his father's collection
"], "date": "1907", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Duveen Brothers, Paris, sold to Edouard Kann)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 In 1905, shortly after Rodolphe Kann's death, Duveen announced its purchase of Kann's entire collection, which would be sold from the firm's new office in Paris (Catherine Scallen, Rembrandt, Reputation, and the Practice of Connoisseurship). Because Kann had left no will, problems ensued and it took over two years for the transaction to be officially completed; on August 7, 1907 the completion of the sale was published (James Henry Duveen, The Rise of the House of Duveen). The Rigaud appears under stock no. 156 in the Duveen stock book that inventories the Rodolphe Kann collection.
"], "date": "1905-1907", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Rodolphe Kann, Paris, collection purchased by the Duveen Brothers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1900-1907", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Possibly P. & D. Colnaghi, London) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1According to the Frick Art Reference Library's annotated copy of the 1892 Christie's sale catalogue, the painting was purchased by Colnaghi. Unfortunately, Colnaghi's stock books do not go back as far as 1892 and thus this purchase cannot be confirmed. Furthermore, there are no published versions of the painting's provenance that include Colnaghi.
"], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, May 21, 1892, no. 68, possibly sold to P. & D. Colnaghi)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 The sale does include the collection of the 4th Earl of Egremont, but the whereabouts of the painting from his death in 1845 until the sale in 1892 are unknown.
"], "date": "1892", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "George Francis Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont [1786 \u2013 1845]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1845", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Mlle. Violat (heiress of Cardinal Dubois), Chateau de Villemenon, near Brie-Comte-Robert 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The Archives de l'art franc\u0327ais; recueil de documents ine\u0301dits publie\u0301 par la Socie\u0301te\u0301 de l'histoire de l'art franc\u0327ais, vol. 19, pp. 312-315 contains the correspondence between Charles-Nicolas Cochin and the Marquis de Marigny that refer to Violat's possession of the painting.
"], "date": "by 1764", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "With his luxurious, flamboyant dress\u2014a voluminous wrap of scarlet silk topped by a short fur cape\u2014the subject of Hyacinthe Rigaud\u2019s portrait was clearly a man of consequence. Guillaume Dubois gained the favor of Louis XIV as tutor to his nephew, Philippe Charles, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, and served as chief minister under Louis\u2019s successors, the regent Duke of Orl\u00e9ans and Louis\u2019s great-grandson, Louis XV. Dubois was appointed a Cardinal in the Catholic Church in 1721, a lofty aspiration at least partly motivated by political ambition: the title gave him the ability to remove political adversaries with impunity. Dubois holds a letter with the words Au Roy (to the king); this portrait was painted in the same year the young Louis XV ascended to the throne.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469754"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.17-portrait-of-cardinal"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan. Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre. Se\u0300te, France: Nouvelles Presses de Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Tableaux anciens\u2026Par ou attribu\u00e9s \u00e0: J. Aved \u2013 Moreau L\u2019Ain\u00e9 \u2013 A. van der Neer \u2013 H. Rigaud et des \u00e9coles anglaise, fran\u00e7aise et hollandaise appartenant \u00e0 divers amateurs. Dec. 10, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alison Cathie, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 22, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Duveen Brothers records, 1876-1981 (bulk 1909-1964), Series 1. Business records, 1876-1964, box 115, reel 38, Stock book 1: Rodolfe Kann Collection, 1907, page 12. Digitized. Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan. Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre. Se\u0300te, France: Nouvelles Presses de Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Duveen Brothers records, 1876-1981 (bulk 1909-1964), Series 1. Business records, 1876-1964, box 115, reel 38, Stock book 1: Rodolfe Kann Collection, 1907, page 12. Digitized. Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the Rodolphe Kann Collection: Pictures. Paris: C. Sedelmeyer, 1907.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alison Cathie, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 22, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Fifty Capital Pictures by Ancient and Modern Masters. 1892.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan. Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre. Se\u0300te, France: Nouvelles Presses de Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alison Cathie, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 22, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the Rodolphe Kann Collection: Pictures. Paris: C. Sedelmeyer, 1907.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "De la Chavignerie, Emile Bellier. \"Notes pour Servir a L'Histoire de L'Exposition de la Jeunesse.\" Revue Universelle des Arts XIX (1864): 58-67.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carriera, Rosalba, Giovanni Vianelli, and Alfred Sensier. Journal de Rosalba Carriera pendant son se\u0301jour a\u0300 Paris en 1720 et 1721. Paris: J. Techener, 1865.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von. Gema\u0308ldesammlung des Herrn Rudolf Kann in Paris: 100 photogravuren mit text. Wien: Gesellschaft fu\u0308r vervielfa\u0308ltigende Kunst, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 88, pl.88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michel, Emile. \"La galerie de M. Rodolphe Kann.\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts XXV (March 1901): 493-507.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 503", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marguillier, Auguste. \"La Collection de M. Rodolphe Kann.\" Les Arts II, no. 15 (March 1903): 2.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Furcy-Raynaud, Marc. \"Correspondance de M. de Marigny.\" Nouvelles Archives de l'Art Fran\u00e7ais, third series XIX (Paris, 1904): 312-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 312-315", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorbec, Prosper. \"L'Exposition de la Jeunesse au XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle.\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts XXXIII (1905): 456-470.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 460", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kann, Rodolphe, Jules Mannheim, and Edouard Rahir. Catalogue of the Rodolphe Kann Collection: Objets D'art. Paris, France: [publisher not identified], 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66, pl. 156; vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Esposizione di opere d'arte francese del settecento a Berlino,\" Rassegna d'Arte X, no. 4 (April 1910): 59-65.", "page_number": "Mentioned. p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roman, J. Le livre de raison du peintre Hyacinthe Rigaud. Paris, France: Laurens, 1919.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Anne Tzeutchier. \"Hyacinthe Rigaud Portrait of Cardinal Dubois.\" TheBulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIIII, no 10 (October, 1967): 230-239.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1,2,8 and cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions to American and Canadian Museums.\" The Art Quarterly XXX, no. 2 (Summer 1967): 153-176.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159; mentioned: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 10 (1967): 302-46.", "page_number": "Referenced: no. 64, p. 343", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183."}, {"citation": "\"Chronique des Arts.\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts Supplement (February 1968): 1-140.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, fig. 246", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Rigaud's Portrait of Cardinal Dubois.\" The Burlington Magazine 116, no. 860 (November 1974): 667-69.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 667-668; reproduced: p. 669", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition] 1975-1976, the Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7, the Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22, the National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2. [Toledo, Ohio]: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 86, p. 71-72, Reproduced: pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Anne Tzeutchier. \"A Note on Rigaud's Portrait of Cardinal Dubois.\" TheBulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXII, no 11 (November,1975): 276-279.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Ottawa, Le Siecle de Louis XV.\" Vie des Arts XX (Spring, 1976): 70.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"Portrait Painting-An Image of Man.\" Arts and Activities (September 1977): 33-38.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 125-128; Reproduced: p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Robert W. Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jamin, Pierre-Andre\u0301. Guillaume Dubois, cardinal libertin de Que la fe\u0302te commence. Paris, France: Artena, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover page", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walczak, Gerrit. \"Unter Freiem Himmel: Die Pariser Kunstausstellungen Auf Der Place Dauphine.\" Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte 74, no. 1 (2011): 77-98.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan. Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre. Languedoc,France: Nouvelles presses du Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 267, pl. 1309", "url": null}, {"citation": "James-Sarazin, Ariane and Jean-Yves Sarazin. Hyacinthe Rigaud: 1659-1743. Dijon: E\u0301ditions Faton, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 1: p. 195, pl. 139; Mentioned: p. 188, 208, 310, 331, 347, 358, 410, 424, 498, 545, 551, 554, 556, 585, 586; Reproduced: v. 2: p. 474-475, pl. 1390", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rigaud, Hyacinthe, Ariane James-Sarazin, and Hyacinthe Rigaud. Hyacinthe Rigau, ou, le portrait soleil. 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 310-310, no. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watrelot, Michaela. Wilhelm von Bode and the American Art Market : The Rudolphe Kann Collection. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 76-77, fig. 3.33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "104885", "filename": "1967.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1328559", "filename": "1967.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_full.tif", "width": "5629", "height": "7249", "filesize": "122445852", "filename": "1967.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-12T15:01:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "399410"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5743258"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4645", "height": "6000", "filesize": "83642388"}}, {"date_created": "2008-11-03T16:36:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "893", "filesize": "374609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2633", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5525444"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4316", "height": "5573", "filesize": "72194332"}}, {"date_created": "2013-01-28T14:57:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "75349"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1067803"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5548", "height": "7187", "filesize": "119646520"}}, {"date_created": "2013-01-28T16:11:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "109222"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1326204"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "265389876"}}, {"date_created": "2013-01-28T15:40:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "87991"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1260571"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.17/1967.17_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021716"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 143206, "creators": [{"id": 1952, "description": "Hyacinthe Rigaud (French, 1659\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1659", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cardinal Guillaume Dubois", "Portrait of Cardinal Dubois"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:08.551000"}, {"id": 164629, "accession_number": "2006.138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Prestige stool (Kuo fo), possibly 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Bandjoun Kingdom, Bamileke makers. Wood, cotton, plant fiber, glass beads, and indigo; overall: 51 x 38 x 43 cm (20 1/16 x 14 15/16 x 16 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2006.138", "current_location": null, "title": "Prestige stool (Kuo fo)", "creation_date": "possibly 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Bandjoun Kingdom, Bamileke makers"], "technique": "Wood, cotton, plant fiber, glass beads, and indigo", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 51 x 38 x 43 cm (20 1/16 x 14 15/16 x 16 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.51, "width": 0.38, "depth": 0.43}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "The Language of Beauty in African Art. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pierre Harter, Arts anciens du Cameroun (Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique Noire, 1986), p. 280 (reproduces the field-photograph Father Frank Christol made in 1925, the original of which is preserved in the archives of the Mus\u00e9e de l'Homme, Paris).", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pierre Harter, Les Rois sculpteurs, exh. cat. (Paris: RMN, 1993), p. 61.", "opening_date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Jean-Paul Notue & Bianca Triaca, Bandjoun (Milan: 5 Continets, 2005), p. 54.", "opening_date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bettina von Lintig, Cameroun, exh. cat. (Paris: Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2006), p. 125-26 (field photo), 127-29 (object as such).", "opening_date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Fo (King) Fotso I and Fo Fotso II, Bandjoun Kingdom, Cameroon", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Harter Pierre. 1986. Arts Ancien Du Cameroun. Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique Noire, p. 282
"], "date": "19th century", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Fo Kamga II Joseph (1902-1975; r. 1925-1975), Bandjoun Kingdom, Cameroon possibly by descent from the above", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by at least 1925-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "possibly Rev. Frank Christol (1884\u20131979)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Pierre Harter (b. 1928) suggested this may have been amongst a group of objects that Christol sold to Ratton. Unpublished/undated text, curatorial file.
"], "date": "1925", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Charles Ratton (1895\u20131986), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1940 (perhaps earlier) to 1974", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Ratton (son of Charles), Paris by gift from the above", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Nouveau Drouot auction house, Arts Primitifs, July 2, 1987. Lot 216, p 39. Note: though listed, this work did not sell at this auction.
Email with Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2/23/2021; CMA Curatorial File.
"], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Private collection, Paris by purchase from Yves Develon (sold on their behalf by Galerie Bernard Dulon, Paris, France, to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Email with Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2/23/2021; CMA Curatorial File.
"], "date": "-2006", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2006-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The beads on this stool were sewn on by hand. Look underneath the stool, however, and you can see commercially made printed fabric.", "description": "Bead-covered wooden stools and thrones are one of the most prevalent art forms among the various kingdoms and chiefdoms in the Cameroon Grassfields region. This example, once part of the royal treasury, belongs in the category of \"travel stools,\" usually used in conjunction with more private, minor ceremonies and rituals at the palace. The leopard imagery confirms the object\u2019s royal status. It alludes to the belief that the king could temporarily transform himself into this feared predator.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757358"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.138-prestige-stool-kuo", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.138-prestige-stool-kuo-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Biro, Yae\u0308lle. 2018. \u201cThe Canon and Its Consequences : The Reception of Bamileke Tsesah Crests.\u201d Tribal Art: 22 (2) No. 87 Spring 2018 Pages 118-131. Fig. 17 (ca. 1925 photograph by Frank Christol)", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Print: Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"Sitting Pretty.\" Apollo Magazine, July/August 2023, pp. 60\u201365
Online: Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"How a leopard stool from Cameroon got its spots.\" Apollo Magazine. July 3, 2023.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.apollo-magazine.com/cameroonian-leopard-stool-cleveland-museum-of-art/"}, {"citation": "Harter, Pierre. Arts anciens du Cameroun. Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique noire, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 280", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Arts primitifs. 1987.", "page_number": "lot 216", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e national des arts africains et oce\u0301aniens, Louis Perrois, and Henri Marchal. Les rois sculpteurs: art et pouvoir dans le grassland camerounais : legs Pierre Harter. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Notue\u0301, Jean-Paul, and Bianca Triaca. Bandjoun: tre\u0301sors royaux au Cameroun : Bandjoun, tradition dynamique, cre\u0301ation et vie : catalogue du Muse\u0301e de Bandjoun. Milan: 5 continents, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von, and Hughes Dubois. Cameroun. [Montreuil]: [Gourcuff Gradenigo Paris], 2006.", "page_number": "pp. 127-29, 168-69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Annual Report, July 1, 2006--July 30, 2007. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 30-31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, \"King Kamga's Travel Stool\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 47 no. 05, May/June 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \u201cNew Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d African Arts 44, no. 1 (2011).", "page_number": "pp. 52-67, fig. 8, note 12", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41330706"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. The Cleveland Museum of Art. London: Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56 - 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "244-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von. 2014. \"A Grasslands Beaded Leopard Skin.\" Tribal Art vol. 18:3, no. 72 (summer).", "page_number": "pp. 108-117, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. The language of beauty in African art. 2022.", "page_number": "cat. no. 22, pp. 52, 316", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. 2022. \"The Language of Beauty in African Art.\" Tribal Art vol. 26:4, no. 105 (autumn).", "page_number": "pp. 70-79 [reproduced as Fig. 6 on p. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"The Language of Beauty in African Art.\" Kimbell Art Museum Members' Guide (March\u2013September 2022): 2-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 3.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2006.138", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.138/2006.138_web.jpg", "width": "768", "height": "900", "filesize": "241222", "filename": "2006.138_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.138/2006.138_print.jpg", "width": "2902", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1981210", "filename": "2006.138_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.138/2006.138_full.tif", 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"accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-09-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Leopard Caryatid Stool (Kuo)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:02:26.080000"}, {"id": 139729, "accession_number": "1963.502", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sleep, c. 1771. Jean Bernard Restout (French, 1732\u20131797). Oil on canvas; framed: 127.5 x 160 x 14 cm (50 3/16 x 63 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 97.6 x 130 cm (38 7/16 x 51 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.502", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Sleep", "creation_date": "c. 1771", "creation_date_earliest": 1766, "creation_date_latest": 1776, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 127.5 x 160 x 14 cm (50 3/16 x 63 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 97.6 x 130 cm (38 7/16 x 51 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.275, "width": 1.6, "depth": 0.14}, "unframed": {"height": 0.976, "width": 1.3}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517693, "title": "Gods and Heroes, Baroque Images of Antiquity", "description": "Gods and Heroes, Baroque Images of Antiquity. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (October 29, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192790, "title": "A Painting in Focus: Jean-Bernard Restout's Sleep and the French Royal Academy", "description": "A Painting in Focus: Jean-Bernard Restout's Sleep and the French Royal Academy. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 14-May 23, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221185, "title": "Neoclassicism: A Taste for the Antique, 1720-1790", "description": "Neoclassicism: A Taste for the Antique, 1720-1790. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (March 20-May 30, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177314, "title": "America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting", "description": "America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (May 21-August 20, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-05-21T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "possibly exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1771, cat. 137 (\"Sommeil, figure d'etude)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1771", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "possibly exhibited at the Salon de la Correspondance of 1783, cat. 144 (as \"Morph\u00e9e\")", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1783", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "possibly listed as \"Morph\u00e9e\" in the inventory made at the artist's death, 1797", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1797", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sold, Boussod, Valadon et Cie., Paris [as attributed to Fragonard])", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(sold, Hotel Drouot, Paris, December 2, 1910, no. 13, as attributed to Fragonard)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 2, 1910", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Octave Linet (1870-1962), Paris and Tours, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Octave Linet, sold, Palais Galliera, Paris, March 23, 1963, no. 16, as \"Le genie du sommeil,\" as by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 23, 1963", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Galerie Cailleux, Paris, France), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1963", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A source of inspiration for this painting was probably the Roman poet Ovid's Metamorphoses, which describes the god of sleep as living in a cave with sleep-inducing poppies at the entrance.", "description": "The tradition of painting nude male figures in a studio setting was the cornerstone of artistic practice, teaching artists to depict the human body in complex poses in order to create larger narratives. However, by the late 1700s, some artists began to see these studies as independent works of art. By adding the wings and the poppies, Restout transformed his study into a more specific subject, and he first exhibited the work in a privately organized exhibition in 1783 under the title of Morpheus, the god of sleep.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469068"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.502-sleep"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, L, (December, 1963): 278-279.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 278-279; Reproduced: no. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cJean Honor\u00e9 Fragonard: Morpheus.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 3 (1966)", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152093"}, {"citation": "Wildenstein and Company. Gods & Heroes: Baroque Images of Antiquity. New York, NY, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 15, pl. 38", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/452359"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France). De David a\u0300 Delacroix: la peinture franc\u0327aise de 1774 a\u0300 1830 : [exposition], Grand Palais, 16 novembre 1974-3 fe\u0301vrier 1975. Paris: Secre\u0301tariat d'E\u0301tat a\u0300 la culture, E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Welu, James A. \"Sleeping Endymion by Nicolas-Guy Brenet,\" Worcester Art Museum Bulletin, no. 1 (1974).", "page_number": "7, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition] 1975-1976, the Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7, the Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22, the National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2. Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry, and David Levine. Eighteenth-century French life-drawing: selections from the Collection of Mathias Polakovits. Princeton, NJ.: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88-89; Reproduced: fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206"}, {"citation": "Sandoz, Marc, and Gabriel Briard. Gabriel Briard, 1725-1777: avec des remarques liminaires sur Jean-Baptiste Alizard. Paris, France: Editart-Quatre Chemins, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 157-160; Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B., and Carrie A. Hamilton. The Loves of the Gods: Mythological Painting from Watteau to David. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 493; Reproduced: fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ian Woodner Master Drawings Symposium, and Diana Dethloff. Drawing: Masters and Methods: Raphael to Redon : Papers Presented to the Ian Woodner Master Drawings Symposium at The Royal Academy of Arts, London. London, United Kingdom: Philip Wilson in association with the Royal Academy of Arts, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dethloff, Diana. Drawing: Masters and Methods : Raphael to Redon. London: P. Wilson Publishers in association with the Royal Academy of Arts, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 2.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foster, Carter E. \"Jean-Bernard Restout's Sleep: Figure Study: Painting and Drawing from Life at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture,\" Cleveland Studies in the History of Art 3 (1998): 48-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 48-49, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079698"}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts 133 (1999).", "page_number": "p. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Poulet, Anne L., and Jean Antoine Houdon. Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment. Washington, DC: Published by the National Gallery of Art in association with the University of Chicago Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Poulet, Anne L., and Jean Antoine Houdon. Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment. Washington, DC: Published by the National Gallery of Art in association with the University of Chicago Press, 2003.", "page_number": "fig. 3, p. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. Only in America: One Hundred Paintings in American Museums Unmatched in European Collections. Milano, Italy: Skira, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144-145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scherf, Guilhem, and Jean Antoine Houdon. Houdon, 1741-1828: statues, portraits sculpte\u0301s--. Paris, France: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "B\u00e9dard, Sylvain \"Le nu histori\u00e9: les envois des pensionnaires de l'Aacd\u00e9mie de France \u00e0 Rome us XVIII si\u00e8cle,\" in Studiolo: Revue de l'Art de l'Acad\u00e9mie de France \u00e0 Rome, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 217, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Faroult, Guillaume, Christophe Leribault, Guilhem Scherf, Edgar Peters Bowron, and Helga Kessler-Aurisch. Antiquity Revived: Neoclassical Art in the Eighteenth Century. Paris, France: Gallimard, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jollet, Etienne. Anti-Pygmalion: Body Movement and Equivocalities in Jean-Baptiste Restout's \"Diogenes Asking for Alms.\" In Body Narratives: Motion and Emotion in the French Enlightenment. Susanna Caviglia, editor., 63-80: Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 66; Reproduced: p. 164. pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willk-Brocard, Nicole. Jean-Bernard Restout: 1732-1796: Peintre du Roi et Re\u0301volutionnaire. Paris: Arth\u00e9na, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 4; 49, #67 P; 156; Mentioned: pp. 156-157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. 2017. Pl. 50.", "page_number": "226-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. Chicago, IL: Art Stock Books, Independent Publishers Group, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226-227, pl. 50, 258-259 (detail); Mentioned: pp. 279", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmuckli, Claudia, Kehinde Wiley, Valerie Cassel Oliver, Emil Kraig Wilbekin, Janna Keegan, Thomas P. Campbell, Darren Walker, and Justin Steele. Kehinde Wiley: An Archaeology of Silence. San Francisco, California : Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco ; New York, NY : DelMonico Books/D.A.P., 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 129, fig. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Sculpteurs Du Roi: Les Morceaux de R\u00e9ception \u00c0 l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture (1657-1791). Edited by Val\u00e9rie Carpentier-Vanhaverbeke and Guilhem Scherf. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 426-428, fig. 208", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.502", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.502/1963.502_web.jpg", "width": "1190", "height": "893", "filesize": "652390", "filename": "1963.502_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.502/1963.502_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2551", "filesize": "5372301", "filename": "1963.502_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.502/1963.502_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4127", "filesize": "68127700", "filename": "1963.502_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139729, "creators": [{"id": 1991, "description": "Jean Bernard Restout (French, 1732\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1766, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1771", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sleep---Figure Study", "Somnus", "Allegorical Figure of Sommeil (God of Sleep)", "Morpheus or Allegory of Sleep"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 11:08:35.738000"}, {"id": 152006, "accession_number": "1984.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rocky, Wooded Landscape with a Dell and Weir, c. 1782\u20131783. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Oil on canvas; framed: 89.5 x 110 x 8 cm (35 1/4 x 43 5/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 70.5 x 91 cm (27 3/4 x 35 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1984.59", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Rocky, Wooded Landscape with a Dell and Weir", "creation_date": "c. 1782\u20131783", "creation_date_earliest": 1777, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 89.5 x 110 x 8 cm (35 1/4 x 43 5/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 70.5 x 91 cm (27 3/4 x 35 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.895, "width": 1.1, "depth": 0.08}, "unframed": {"height": 0.705, "width": 0.91}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "Year in Review for 1984. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pictures Illustrative of the Evolution of Painting from the 18th century to the present day, Norwich Castle Museum, Norfolk, United Kingdom (1925).", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "A well-known private collection of the Dutch and early English schools formed during the last 30 years. Agnew's, London, United Kingdom (1915).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ipswich, United Kingdom (1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sassoon, United Kingdom (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "La Peinture Anglaise XVIII and XIX Siecles. The Louvre Museum, Paris, France (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Madrid, Lisbon,and British Arts Council. (1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Le Paysage Anglais de Gainsborough a Turner. Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (February to April 1953)", "opening_date": "1953-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Prague, National Gallery and Bratislava, National Gallery of Slovakia, British Council, (1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Zwei Jahrhunderte Britischer Maleri: Das grosse Zietalter von hogrth bis Turner, Museum for Volerkunde, Vienna, Austria, British Council,(1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art-Commerce-Scholarship: A Window onto the Art World: Colnaghi 1760-1984. P & D Colnaghi & Co., LTd, London, United Kingdom ( November 7- December 15, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-11-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "F. Fleischmann (1904), sold to O. Ashscroft", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "O. Ashscroft, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Colnaghi, London, United Kingdom, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1984", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gainsborough collected and was inspired by Dutch landscape painting.", "description": "In a sketchy manner, Gainsborough convincingly singled out the various elements comprising this sweeping landscape\u2014meadow, rocks, trees\u2014by only slightly varying colors and brushstrokes. At the same time, however, a great sense of unity prevails. Although the bulk of Gainsborough's artistic output was portraits, he insisted that landscape was his first love.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.59-rocky-wooded-landsca"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1984.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXII (April 1985): 163-207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, no. 16; Mentioned: p. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.59", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.59/1984.59_web.jpg", "width": "1166", "height": "893", "filesize": "638460", "filename": "1984.59_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.59/1984.59_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2603", "filesize": "5403198", "filename": "1984.59_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.59/1984.59_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4211", "filesize": "69512736", "filename": "1984.59_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 152006, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-09-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1777, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1782\u20131783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 13:15:36.765000"}, {"id": 128056, "accession_number": "1950.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Louis XV Savonnerie Carpet with Royal Arms, c. 1740\u201350. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627), Pierre Josse Perrot (French). Savonnerie knotted pile (symmetrical ruf knot), wool, hemp; overall: 546 x 615.6 cm (214 15/16 x 242 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.8", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Louis XV Savonnerie Carpet with Royal Arms", "creation_date": "c. 1740\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Savonnerie knotted pile (symmetrical ruf knot), wool, hemp", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Carpet", "measurements": "Overall: 546 x 615.6 cm (214 15/16 x 242 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 5.46, "width": 6.156}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 216 textile rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28, 2008-present).", "opening_date": "2008-05-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "made for Louis XV to present to Stanislaus of Poland (1677-1766), the son of Raphael Leczinsky, Grand Treasurer of Poland. When Charles XII of Sweden dethroned August II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, Stanislaus was elected King of Poland in 1705; the result of the Battle of Pultowa obliged him to abdicate, and he lived afterwards in the Castle of Nancy, France, where is seems likely this carpet was placed. (A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This spectacular carpet, one of three with this royal pattern, was originally designed for Louis XV\u2019s dining room at chateau La Muette by the prominent Savonnerie artist Pierre-Josse Perrot in 1735. The royal arms of France on the orb are topped by a crown with eagle\u2019s wings. Cornucopia issue from corner pieces that alternate with military trophies. The lively artistic style was simplified for faster weaving and a brown ground was used to heighten the brilliant colors.The Savonnerie factory was founded in the early 1600s to create French versions of Oriental carpets, whose import had created a drain on the economy. The technique, copying Turkish carpets, has wool pile formed with symmetrical rug-knots, wool warps, and hemp wefts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761525"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.8-louis-xv-savonnerie"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n58"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Langeois, David, Daniel Alcouffe, and Sandrine Riahi. Quelques chefs-d'oeuvre de la collection Djahanguir Riahi: ameublement franc\u0327ais du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. [Milano]: Franco Maria Ricci, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 170-171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 368-369", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.8/1950.8_web.jpg", "width": "1212", "height": "893", "filesize": "996877", "filename": "1950.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.8/1950.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2506", "filesize": "6618909", "filename": "1950.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.8/1950.8_full.tif", "width": "4151", "height": "3059", "filesize": "38142208", "filename": "1950.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128056, "creators": [{"id": 11823, "description": "Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 33373, "description": "Pierre Josse Perrot (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": "worked at Savonnerie from 1725 to 1750.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-01-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Carpet"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:41.965000"}, {"id": 117766, "accession_number": "1938.387", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Young Woman Buying a Pink from a Young Man, c. 1740. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black crayon (wetted and rubbed) heightened with white chalk on faded blue paper; sheet: 42.7 x 54.9 cm (16 13/16 x 21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.387", "current_location": null, "title": "A Young Woman Buying a Pink from a Young Man", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black crayon (wetted and rubbed) heightened with white chalk on faded blue paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper (faded to green-gray)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 42.7 x 54.9 cm (16 13/16 x 21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.427, "width": 0.549}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356654, "title": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780", "description": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (December 1-20, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356657, "title": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice", "description": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (April 20-June 15, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356660, "title": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century", "description": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century. Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 30-November 2, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361348, "title": "Mozart and the Age of Reason", "description": "Mozart and the Age of Reason. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 15-February 29, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of eighteenth-century Italian Painting held in Venice, 1929 (no. 47).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, \"Twenty-Four Eighteenth Century French and Italian Drawings,\" Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 8 (Jan. 4-31, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-04T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nov. 1938.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The flower the woman in this drawing plucks from the bouquet\u2014a \u201cpink\u201d\u2014was associated with marriage and love in 18th-century Europe.", "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta was celebrated for his finished drawings of saints, portraits, and teste di carattere (character heads). Cleveland\u2019s sheet belongs to the latter genre, which describes portraits embellished with props to suggest a character type or types. Here, Piazzetta united three independent studies of individuals into a single scene, in which a young woman appears to purchase a pink\u2014a type of flower related to the carnation\u2014from a boy with a second young woman looking on.The image bristles with tantalizing narrative potential, but it is left to the viewer to interpret the scene as they wish. Drawings of this size and quality of finish were displayed on walls like paintings, rather than stored in portfolios, with the unfortunate consequence that the Venetian blue paper often faded to a grayish-tan as here. However, the virtuosity of Piazzetta\u2019s technique endures on this sheet. His method of modeling\u2014wetting and rubbing his black crayon rather than hatching\u2014produces the density of tone and velvety shadow. Textural details are supplied by white chalk, evoking the silky weave of the boy\u2019s shirt and the hard substance of the figures\u2019 fingernails. Piazzetta's drawings were in high demand among affluent foreign visitors and helped to supplement his income.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012471"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.387-a-young-woman-buying"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. \u201cVenice: Piazzetta at S. Giorgio Maggiore.\u201d The Burlington Magazine 125, no. 969 (December 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 786 n.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rava, Aldo. G.B. Piazzetta. Firenze: Fratelli Alinari, 1921.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiocco, Giuseppe. \u201cLa Peinture \u00e0 l\u2019Exposition du XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle \u00e0 Venise.\u201d La Renaissance 12, no. 12 (December 1929).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 565", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ojetti, Ugo et al. Il Settecento Italiano. Milan: Fratelli Treves Editori, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L\u2019Arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender Editore, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 58, 100, fig. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cCleveland: A Museum\u2019s New Acquisitions.\u201d The Art News 38, no. 40 (1940): 13-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Drawings by Piazzetta.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 27, no. 7 (1940): 108-109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith College, and Ruth Wedgwood Kennedy. Italian Drawing, 1330-1780, Smith College Museum of Art. Northampton, MA: Press-work by A. Wilson, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goering, Max. \u201cGiovanni Battista Piazzetta als Zeichner.\u201d Pantheon 14, no. 11 (November 1941): 259-263.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 261-263", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mongan, Agnes. \u201cItalian Drawings 1330-1780: an Exhibition at the Smith College Museum of Art.\u201d The Art Bulletin 24, no. 1 (March 1942): 92-94.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. Giovanni Battista PIazzetta, con cinquantasei tavole. Rome: Tumminelli, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 22, pl. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. Venetian Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in America. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 29, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. European Master Drawings in the United States. New York: J.J. Augustin Publishers, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 172-73, no. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Museum of Art. Venice in the Eighteenth Century (May 7- June 10, 1948). Cambridge: Harvard University, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cL\u2019arte Italiana nel Museo di Cleveland.\u201d Le Vie del Mondo 12, no. 9 (September 1950): 897-908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 908", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Detroit Institute of Arts, John Herron Art Museum, Indianapolis, and E.P. Richardson. Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of Venice and the Eighteenth Century. Detroit: The Detroit Institute of Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \u201cUna Mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit.\u201d Arte Veneta: Rivista Trimestrale di Storia dell\u2019Arte 25 (1953).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 572", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n107"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \u201cTreasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d Art in America 24, no.3 (May-June 1966).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 23, 28.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Precerutti-Garberi, Mercedes. Giambattista Piazzetta e l\u2019accademia: disegni. Milan: Castello Sforzesco, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, 23 under nos. 1 and 2, 28 under no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bean, Jacob and Felice Stampfle. Drawings from New York Collections III: The Eighteenth Century in Italy. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, Pierpont Morgan Library, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34 under no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n162"}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo and Adriano Mariuz. L\u2019opera completa del Piazzetta. Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 131, 133, no.d12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, 30, 37, 126, 134, cat. no. 51, Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo et al. Giambattista Piazzetta: Il suo tempo, la sua scuola. Venice: Marsilio Editori, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, under no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Alessandro Bettagno, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. G.B. Piazzetta: disegni, incisioni, libri, manoscritti. Vicenza: Pozza, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, under no. 16, p. 30, under no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wallraf-Richartz-Museum and Uwe Westfehling. Meisterzeichnungen von Leonardo bis zu Rodin. Cologne: Museen der Stadt Ko\u0308ln, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1991. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, John Russell, and Evan H. Turner. Masterpieces from East and West. New York: Rizzoli, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 126.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no 65, p. 145, 147, 474", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. \u201cPost-Genius Venice.\u201d Art in America, March 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66.", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Art. 1995 Annual Report. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Romanelli, Giandomenico and Filippo Pedrocco. Lorenzo Tiepolo e il suo tempo. (Milan: Electa, 1997).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 21, p. 4, pp. 62-62, p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Annual Report 2000, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82.", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Pallucchini D12", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.387", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.387/1938.387_web.jpg", "width": "1138", "height": "893", "filesize": "842366", "filename": "1938.387_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.387/1938.387_print.jpg", "width": "1957", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2555529", "filename": "1938.387_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.387/1938.387_full.tif", "width": "1957", "height": "1536", "filesize": "9021108", "filename": "1938.387_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117766, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Il fiorellin d'Amore (Little flower of love)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:23.570000"}, {"id": 115161, "accession_number": "1935.308", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 6.9 cm (2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.308", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1896, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 6.9 cm (2 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.069}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portland Art Museum, Exhibition of Jewelry, November 21-December 28, 1952.", "opening_date": "1952-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum, Masterpieces of African Art, October 18, 1954-January 2, 1955.", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Original object card, 9/14/35 (Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold objects like this were frequently melted down to make new objects in new fashions.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (sikay), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies lifeforce (kra) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008265"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.308-knife-sheath-tip-sik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ratton, Charles. \u00ab Les bijoux en forme de disque etc. \u00bb Special Issue, Pr\u00e9sence Africaine : L'Art N\u00e8gre 10-11. Paris : Aux Editions du Seuil (1951).", "page_number": "Ill. opp. p. 192, no. 101, text p. 152.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d African Arts 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "L'Art Negre, Presence Africaine, 10-11, Aux Editions du Seuil, opp. p. 192, no. 101, text p. 152.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. African Negro Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 388", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 202-203, fig. 517", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29; Reproduced: p. 95, cat. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.308", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.308/1935.308_web.jpg", "width": "636", "height": "893", "filesize": "337502", "filename": "1935.308_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.308/1935.308_print.jpg", "width": "2423", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4771087", "filename": "1935.308_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.308/1935.308_full.tif", "width": "3116", "height": "4372", "filesize": "40890524", "filename": "1935.308_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115161, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ornament"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:38.618000"}, {"id": 122344, "accession_number": "1942.640", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mary Anne Jolliffe, after 1788. Gainsborough Dupont (British, 1754\u20131797). Oil on canvas; unframed: 75.5 x 63.5 cm (29 3/4 x 25 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.640", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Mary Anne Jolliffe", "creation_date": "after 1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1797, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 75.5 x 63.5 cm (29 3/4 x 25 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.755, "width": 0.635}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 706840, "title": "Anglo-Saxon Tradition", "description": "Anglo-Saxon Tradition. Kenyon College, Gambier, OH (October 1-15, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-10-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Gainsborough, R.A., and J. M. W Turner. R.A., M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY (January 14 - January 31, 1914).", "opening_date": "1914-01-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "the sitter, Mary Anne Jolliffe, n\u00e9e Twyford [1756-1802], and Thomas Samuel Jolliffe [1746-1824], Ammerdown House, Somerset, by descent to William Jolliffe", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1788-1824", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Jolliffe, Esq., Ammerdown House, Somerset, by descent to Lord Hylton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lord Hylton, Ammerdown Park, Somerset, sold to A.G. Temple", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1911", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mr. A.G. Temple", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Arthur J. Sulley, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1912", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, sold to John L. Severance)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Knoedler purchased the painting from Arthur J. Sulley on April 30, 1912 for $90,000
"], "date": "1912-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
John L. Severance purchased the painting from Knoedler for $115,000
"], "date": "?-1936", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gainsborough Dupont was the only assistant that his famous uncle Thomas Gainsborough ever took.", "description": "The only assistant his famous uncle ever had, Gainsborough Dupont apprenticed with Thomas Gainsborough before setting up his own studio. It is often difficult to distinguish the late works of both artists. This painting is among Dupont\u2019s best portraits. He captures the beauty of his sitter with soft, flickering brushstrokes, detailing her frilly collar and impressive hairstyle, curled and powdered according to the current style. This portrait originally hung alongside that of her husband Thomas in the drawing room of the couple\u2019s home, Ammerdown House in Somerset, where Thomas\u2019s portrait still hangs today.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514811"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.640-portrait-of-mary-ann"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "
Belsey, Hugh. Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019. p. 1014-15.
", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Description of the Mansion, Marbles, and Pictures, at Ammerdown, in Somersetshire. London, United Kingdom: Saunders and Otley, 1857.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gainsborough, Thomas. A Portrait of Lady Hylton by Thomas Gainsborough, 1727-1788. London, United Kingdom: M. Knoedler & Co.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Twentieth-Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Art News, XXXIV (June 1936): 6-14.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [17], Plate V, cat. no. 6; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936\". The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXIX, no. 11 (November, 1942):132-136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"The John L. Severance Collection at Cleveland.\" Connoisseur, CXI (1943): 61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis K. \"Preliminary Check List of Portraits by Thomas Gainsborough.\" The Walpole Society, XXXIII (1948-1950): 63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Oberlin, OH, Department of Fine Arts, Oberlin College. 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, vol. II, no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 473", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. Gainsborough. London, United Kingdom: E. Hulton, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76, no. 405", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186; Mentioned: p. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorment, Richard. British Painting in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Seventeenth Through the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135, fig. 34-1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.640", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_web.jpg", "width": "813", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1942.640_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_print.jpg", "width": "3070", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1942.640_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_full.tif", "width": "9492", "height": "10511", "filesize": "", "filename": "1942.640_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-12-18T14:24:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.640/1942.640_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "382589"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.640/1942.640_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2847", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5977189"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.640/1942.640_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4382", "height": "5233", "filesize": "68828808"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 122344, "creators": [{"id": 2507, "description": "Gainsborough Dupont (British, 1754\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "after 1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Thomas Joliffe"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:50.763000"}, {"id": 120827, "accession_number": "1941.552", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Catherine Clemens and Her Son, John Marcus Clemens, c. 1800. Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821). Watercolor on ivory in a gold and split pearl frame; framed: 9 x 7.3 cm (3 9/16 x 2 7/8 in.); sight: 8 x 6.1 cm (3 1/8 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.552", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Catherine Clemens and Her Son, John Marcus Clemens", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold and split pearl frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9 x 7.3 cm (3 9/16 x 2 7/8 in.); Sight: 8 x 6.1 cm (3 1/8 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.09, "width": 0.073}, "sight": {"height": 0.08, "width": 0.061}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335533, "title": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting", "description": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 18-March 19, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335560, "title": "Chefs d\u2019Oeuvre de la Miniature et de la Gouache", "description": "Chefs d\u2019Oeuvre de la Miniature et de la Gouache. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Geneva, Switzerland (organizer) (June 15-August 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation, Gallery 202, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation, Gallery 202, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1930-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Portraits of mothers with their children were much more common in the 1700s and 1800s in Britain than were portraits of fathers with their children.", "description": "This sensitive portrait of Catherine Clemens and her son, John Marcus, was painted around 1800 and exemplifies the prettiness for which Cosway was so well known. The artist\u2019s trademark turquoise blue sky is reflected in the boy\u2019s brilliant blue eyes and the bow on the frock that slips informally off his shoulder. This miniature also showcases Cosway\u2019s mature technique of delicate stipplework throughout the faces, contrasted with looser brushstrokes for the hair and garments. Both John Marcus and his mother are swathed in white ruffled fabric, against which the paleness of their skin seems even more pronounced. Like his contemporaries, Cosway used the bare ivory ground to enhance the creaminess of flesh tones. John Marcus wears a coral necklace, frequently given to children during this period as a talisman believed to ward off illness. His innocent, childish gesture of reaching down his mother\u2019s dress for her breast is awkward considering his disproportionately large size. The fact that he is still young enough to wear a gown rather than breeches suggests that he is under four years old, and yet his head and lips are larger than his mother\u2019s. During the final decades of the eighteenth century, aristocratic women as prominent as the Duchess of Devonshire were electing to breastfeed their children rather than send them to wet nurses, and this may be a delicate reference to Catherine Clemens\u2019s philosophy of \u201cnatural\u201d parenting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016471"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.552-portrait-of-catherin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Think (International Business Machines Corp.) (March 1950).", "page_number": "16 (repr.)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 8; reproduced: pl. VI, no. 8, cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n53"}, {"citation": "Comstack, Helen. \"The Edward B. Greene Collection of Miniatures.\" The Connoisseur 128, no. 532 (October 1951): 137-144.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lister, Raymond. \u201cEdward B. Greene Collection of Portrait Miniatures.\u201d Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 55 (January 1952): 20.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20; reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Geneva (Switzerland). Chefs-d'oeuvre de la miniature et de la gouache. Gen\u00e8va: Le Mus\u00e9e, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Masterpieces of Miniatures and Gouache.\" The Connoisseur 138 (October 1956): 82-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 282", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.35, 86, 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 67, pp. 255-257", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 197", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.552", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "168863", "filename": "1941.552_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1572116", "filename": "1941.552_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_full.tif", "width": "11116", "height": "11116", "filesize": "370725880", "filename": "1941.552_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-05T20:44:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "100534"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1115074"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022184"}}, {"date_created": "2004-05-24T14:17:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "382226"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4110085"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3288", "height": "4746", "filesize": "46836660"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-02T19:31:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "399601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2408", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4474473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3942", "height": "5566", "filesize": "65856468"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T18:03:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "391659"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4590766"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3523", "height": "4507", "filesize": "47664848"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:30:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "143775"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1674337"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt4_full.tif", "width": "11116", "height": "11116", "filesize": "370724488"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-05T20:35:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "109401"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1191355"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.552/1941.552_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021752"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120827, "creators": [{"id": 3700, "description": "Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Richard Cosway was Arguably the most fashionable miniature painter in London during the art form\u2019s golden age in late-eighteenth-century Britain. Also an accomplished painter in oils, Cosway was equally well known for his flamboyant character and the stunning art collection that secured his reputation as an arbiter of taste and model of connoisseurship. His elegant portraits in miniature were coveted by sitters who sought glamour even if it was at the expense of truthfulness. Cosway and his wife, Maria (ne\u00e9 Hadfield), maintained an elite circle of friends who helped define what was au courant for the age and who consisted primarily of cultural luminaries and young members of high society revolving around George Augustus Frederick, the prince of Wales himself. His steady patronage from 1780 until 1808 fixed Cosway\u2019s popularity within fashionable society. From 1785 Cosway\u2019s miniatures were signed on the back: \u201cPrimarius Pictor Serenissimi Walliae Principis\u201d (Principal Painter to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales), a pompous Latin designation that garnered the artist both fame and ridicule. Cosway was a successful artist-celebrity in his own time, and, in spite of being criticized periodically for being too superficially pretty, his miniatures have always been among the most desired by collectors. The Cleveland Museum of Art owns five miniatures by Cosway, painted between 1785 and 1805, that are representative of the artist\u2019s stylistic range during the height of his career.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1742", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:09.854000"}, {"id": 123778, "accession_number": "1944.290", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu), 1800s, before 1871; pin added later. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild. Gold; overall: 7 x 7.6 x 1.6 cm (2 3/4 x 3 x 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1944.290", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu)", "creation_date": "1800s, before 1871; pin added later", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1870, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 7 x 7.6 x 1.6 cm (2 3/4 x 3 x 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.07, "width": 0.076, "depth": 0.016}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "The Imagination of Primitive Man. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444266, "title": "The Arts of Ghana", "description": "The Arts of Ghana. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 11-December 11, 1977); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 11-March 26, 1978); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (May 3-July 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "College of Science Dublin - c. 1870s or 1880s", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Portland Art Museum (11/21/1952 - 12/28/1952): \"Exhibition of Jewelry\"", "opening_date": "1952-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City (1/18/1962 - 2/25/1962): \"The Imagination of Primitive Man\"", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "UCLA Museum of Cultural History, Los Angeles (September 1977 - 8/1/1978): \"The Arts of Ghana\", traveling exhibition", "opening_date": "1978-08-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Harry T. Reilly reportedly by gift from three Asante chiefs", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Letter from Jennie Devin Reilly, March 23, 1886 (CMA Curatorial File)
Letter from Jennie Devin Reilly, March 23, 1886 (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "about 1871\u20131886", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Thomas F. Meehan, by descent to his son-in-law Alfred B. Cadley", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Letter from Alfred B. Cadley, May 5, 1944; Letter from Jeannie Devin Reilly, March 23, 1886 (CMA Curatorial File). For ID of \"father in law\" of Cadley, as described in Reilly letter, see p. 119 \u201cNotes and Comments.\u201d The Catholic Historical Review 29, no. 1 (1943): 118\u201332. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25014264.
"], "date": "1886\u2013", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Alfred B. Cadley Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Letter from Alfred B. Cadley, May 5, 1944 (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, December 1944
"], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An 1886 letter indicates that the English doctor Harry T. Reilly received this disk as a gift from three Asante chiefs for providing them with medical care while they were imprisoned in Cape Coast Castle in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Ashanti war (1863-64).", "description": "Gold discs dangling on the chests of Akan state officials and elites showed their rank and duties. Worn by these akrafo (\u201csoul people\u201d) since the 1800s, they are often linked to kradware, officials who represent and purify (\u201cwash\u201d) the king\u2019s soul. To make them, goldsmiths cast or flattened gold. Muslim North African gold coins likely inspired their form and material, while concentric water rings influenced their composition. This small disc is a typical pre-colonial example. Gold ornament making ceased until 1924; court officials now wear large discs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901173"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.290-disk-pendant-akrafok"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \u201cA Gold Ornament from Ashanti.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 10 (December 1944): p. 180-181.", "page_number": "Image p. 178.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141167"}, {"citation": "Coe, Ralph T. The Imagination of Primitive Man. Catalogue of the exhibition. Kansas City, KS: The Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, 1962: no. 34.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, December 1944:180-181, image p. 178", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32, no. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M., and Doran H. Ross. The Arts of Ghana. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; reproduced: p. 156, fig. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World. Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cMuseum News.\u201d Tribal Art 30, i. 2 (Spring 2026): 28-41.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.290", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "824", "filesize": "175076", "filename": "1944.290_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3114", "filesize": "2067142", "filename": "1944.290_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_full.tif", "width": "10157", "height": "9303", "filesize": "283499572", "filename": "1944.290_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-06-12T15:14:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.290/1944.290_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "612", "filesize": "217503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.290/1944.290_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2313", "filesize": "1490473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.290/1944.290_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4966", "height": "3379", "filesize": "50364292"}}, {"date_created": "2025-10-02T22:42:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.290/1944.290_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "807", "filesize": "161320"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.290/1944.290_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3049", "filesize": "1968497"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.290/1944.290_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10373", "height": "9303", "filesize": "289528076"}}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123778, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s, before 1871; pin added later", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soul Disk Pendant (krakonmu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:46.961000"}, {"id": 107008, "accession_number": "1925.1005", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Presentation in the Temple, c. 1770. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, and black chalk, heightened with white paint; framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 32.3 x 20 cm (12 11/16 x 7 7/8 in.); framed: 66 x 50.9 x 6.4 cm (26 x 20 1/16 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1925.1005", "current_location": null, "title": "The Presentation in the Temple", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, and black chalk, heightened with white paint; framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 20 cm (12 11/16 x 7 7/8 in.); Framed: 66 x 50.9 x 6.4 cm (26 x 20 1/16 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "width": 0.2}, "framed": {"height": 0.66, "width": 0.509, "depth": 0.064}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, center, in graphite: G; lower left, in graphite: Lest R./-oc-.\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360891, "title": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces", "description": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces. Society of the Four Arts (organizer) (December 12, 1952-January 4, 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360892, "title": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse", "description": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360893, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings", "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (December 23, 1973-March 15, 1974); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (April 1-May 20, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-12-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309855, "title": "I and Thou", "description": "I and Thou. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 21-May 27, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218303, "title": "The Drawings of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher", "description": "The Drawings of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Frick Collection, New York, NY (October 24-December 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-10-24T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The French Eighteenth Century: Drawings Coming From the J. P. Heseltine Collection. E. Gimpel & Wildenstein, New York (March 21 - April 16, 1914).", "opening_date": "1914-03-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Barth\u00e9lemy-Augustin Blondel d'Azincourt [1719-1783], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1770", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Paris, Cabinet curieux...de M. d'Azincourt, April 18, 1770, no. 61, sold to Chariot)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Une Pr\u00e9sentation au Temple: dessein tr\u00e8s spirituel, \u00e0 la plume, par M. Boucher: hauteur 11 pouces 3 lignes, largeur 7 pouces 3 lignes.\" Sold to Chariot for 58.19 livres, according to annotated catalogue in Rijksbureau voor kunsthistorische en ikonografische Documentatie, The Hague.
"], "date": "1770", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "M. Chariot, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1770-1788", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(possibly Hotel de Bullion, Paris, Collection choisie...du Cabinet de M. Chariot, January 28, 1788, no. 128, sold to Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Basan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
\"La Pr\u00e9sentation au Temple, tr\u00e8s-beau dessin \u00e0 la plume, lav\u00e9 de bistre & de sanguine, dans le stile de Rembrandt. Hauteur 14 pouces, largeur 10 pou. De la vente de M. Baudoin, Peintre\" Sold for 34 livres, according to annotated copy of catalogue in library of the Institut de France, Paris.
"], "date": "1883", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "John Postle Heseltine [1843-1929; Lugt 1507], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1900-after 1914", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Richard Owen, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr., Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1925", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was probably a sketch for an oil painting that Boucher was unable to complete before his death.", "description": "Late in his career, Fran\u00e7ois Boucher adopted a drawing style characterized by strong pen lines and loosely brushed washes. This sheet, which dates from that period, depicts the blind priest Simeon, at left, who was promised that he would see the Messiah before his death. When the Christ child was brought into the temple near him, Simeon regained his sight. Boucher emphasized the miraculous event by showing divine light streaming down onto the priest from the dove above, which represents the Holy Spirit. The drawing is similar to an oil sketch (Louvre, Paris) that Boucher completed during the last year of his life -- one of the very last projects he ever completed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894209"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.1005-the-presentation-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue d'une collection choisie de tableaux originaux et dessins pr\u00e9cieux des trois \u00e9coles...du cabinet de M. Chariot. Paris: Paillet, 1788.", "page_number": "Possibly mentioned: no. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heseltine, J[ohn] P[ostle]. Drawings by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, Jean Honor\u00e9 Fragonard, and Antoine Watteau in the Collection of J[ohn] P[ostle] H[eseltine]. London: Autotype Company, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michel, Andr\u00e9. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Paris: H. Piazza, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45, no. 819", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heseltine, J[ohn] P[ostle] and Lucien Guiraud. Dessins de l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise du dix-huiti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle provenant de la collectoin H[eseltine]. Paris: Frazier-Soye, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The French Eighteenth Century: Drawings Coming from the J.P. Heseltine Collection. Exh. Cat. New York: E. Gimpel & Wildenstein, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sizer, Theodore. \"Drawings by Boucher and Fragonard.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 13, no. 1 (January 1926): 5-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 5-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces. Exh. Cat. Palm Beach, FL: Society of the Four Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 593", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "Houghton, Amory and Jacqueline Bouchot Saupique. Les Dessins fran\u00e7ais dans les collections am\u00e9ricaines, de Clouet \u00e0 Matisse. Paris: Art et Style, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959. (also published in French and Dutch)", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. L'Oeuvre dessin\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703-1770): catalogue raisonn\u00e9. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1966", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 175, no. 651", "url": null}, {"citation": "S\u00e9rullaz, Maurice. Great Drawings of the Louvre Museum: The French Drawings. New York: George Braziller, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, gravures et dessins provenant du Cabinet des Dessins et de la Collection Edmond de Rothschild au Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. French Master Drawings of the 17th & 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 138, under no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Regina Shoolman. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Lausanne: La Biblioth\u00e8que des Arts, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 311, under no. 686", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre and Daniel Wildenstein. L'opera completa di Boucher. Milan: Rizzoli, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 143, under no. 724", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, p. 7, pp. 104-105, 288, no. 38; Reproduced: p. 105", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Michel 819; Ananoff 651", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.1005", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1005/1925.1005_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "486660", "filename": "1925.1005_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1005/1925.1005_print.jpg", "width": "1307", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2509684", "filename": "1925.1005_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1005/1925.1005_full.tif", "width": "1307", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8033124", "filename": "1925.1005_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 107008, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:12.318000"}, {"id": 117894, "accession_number": "1938.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Idiophone/Staff (ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd), possibly 1800s. Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild. Copper alloy; overall: 36.2 x 9.9 cm (14 1/4 x 3 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1938.5", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Idiophone/Staff (ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd)", "creation_date": "possibly 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 36.2 x 9.9 cm (14 1/4 x 3 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.362, "width": 0.099}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312477, "title": "Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin", "description": "Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-April 11, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701305, "title": "The Bird in Art", "description": "The Bird in Art. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (organizer) (June 6-August 12, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445213, "title": "Baldwin Lectures of Mr. Roy Sieber", "description": "Baldwin Lectures of Mr. Roy Sieber. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (March 5-31, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-03-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Knoedlers, NY, Exhibition of Bronzes and Ivories from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin, November 25-December 4, 1935, cat. no. 28, fig. 28.", "opening_date": "1935-11-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1937: Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin, cat. #28.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle, WA, Seattle Art Museum, The Bird in Art, June 6-August 12, 1956.", "opening_date": "1956-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, OH, Allen Art Museum, Baldwin Lectures of Mr. Roy Sieber, March 5-March 31, 1972.", "opening_date": "1972-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned from the Igun Eronmwon", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "possibly 1800s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By descent to \u1eccba Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n (Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n Nogbaisi, [c. 1857\u20131914; r. 1888\u201397], Royal Palace, Benin City", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c.1857\u20131897", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Brought to Europe following the Siege of Benin", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1897", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Fosters & Co., London or France, probably sold to Louis Carr\u00e9 and/or Charles Ratton)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Savoy, B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte, Charlotte Guichard, and Christine Howald. 2018. Acquiring cultures: histories of world art on Western markets. P. 274
"], "date": "c. 1929\u20131932", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Louis Carr\u00e9, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, January 17, 1938)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Louis Carr\u00e9 by at least 1935 \u2022 Exhibited at M. Knoedler and Company NYC Nov-December 1935; as number 28 (described and illustrated) Louis Carr\u00e9, Paris, by at least 1937 \u2022 Illustrated in Negatives 963447 and 963448, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives
"], "date": "by at least 1935", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Purchase/Carr\u00e9 provenance publicized in CMA Bulletin March 1938 (Helen S. Foote, \u201cTwo Bronzes from Benin, pp. 49-50, 48)
"], "date": "1938\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An image of the ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd (bird of prophecy) once sat atop the roof of the palace in the Benin Kingdom.", "description": "Courtiers, priests, and senior chiefs strike instruments like this during the Ugie \u1eccr\u1ecd festival. The long-legged metal bird refers to the 16th-century ruler \u1eccba \u1eb8sigie. Wings outstretched with long, textured feathers, it is the ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd (bird of prophecy). It stares outward, a likely magical substance clenched in its beak. Such a bird prophesied \u1eb8sigie\u2019s defeat and death during the Idah War (about 1515\u201317), leading his people to resist fighting for him. When \u1eb8sigie triumphed, bronze bird effigies were beaten for days on end throughout the year. This punished the false avian prophet and shamed the cowardly men.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741605"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.5-idiophone-staff-ahia"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Two Bronzes from Benin.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 25, no. 3 (1938): 48-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; illustrated p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "CMA 1938: Bulletin (March 1938)", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lane, James W. \"Current Exhibitions.\" Parnassus Vol. 7, no. VII (December 1935): 26-31, 35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Au Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Mouseion. (April 1938) 13-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4, p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bronzes and Ivories from the Old Kingdom of Benin: Exhibition from November 25 to December 14, 1935 At the Galleries of M. Knoedler and Company 14 East 57 Street New York City. New York: M. Knoedler and Company, [1935].", "page_number": "Mentioned: Fig. 28 (illustrated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cArt from the Benin Kingdom.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 34-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34; Mentioned: P. 35.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Digital Benin, Markk Museum Am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Kunste der Welt, (Last Updated: 2021-02-13)", "page_number": "ID 117894", "url": "https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/8_117894"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "893", "filesize": "196855", "filename": "1938.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_print.jpg", "width": "2398", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2845973", "filename": "1938.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_full.tif", "width": "3527", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52916744", "filename": "1938.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "893", "filesize": "189323"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2373", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2688075"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3490", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52361660"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "184025"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2309", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2602347"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3395", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50936276"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "893", "filesize": "196154"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2330", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2728378"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.5/1938.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3427", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51416672"}}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117894, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ideophone in the Form af an Ibis (Rhythm Instrument)", "Clapper"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:08.806000"}, {"id": 110060, "accession_number": "1928.661", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for \"The Romancer\" (Le Conteur), c. 1716. Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721). Red chalk; red and black chalk (upper left figure); sheet: 35 x 27.5 cm (13 3/4 x 10 13/16 in.); secondary support: 35.1 x 27.8 cm (13 13/16 x 10 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1928.661", "current_location": null, "title": "Study for \"The Romancer\" (Le Conteur)", "creation_date": "c. 1716", "creation_date_earliest": 1711, "creation_date_latest": 1721, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "red chalk; red and black chalk (upper left figure)", "support_materials": [{"description": "two sheets (joined) of yellow-beige(2) laid paper laid down on cream(3) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 35 x 27.5 cm (13 3/4 x 10 13/16 in.); Secondary Support: 35.1 x 27.8 cm (13 13/16 x 10 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.275}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.351, "width": 0.278}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361222, "title": "Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings", "description": "Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings. Lyman Allyn Art Museum, New London, CT (organizer) (March 2-April 15, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-03-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361361, "title": "Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings", "description": "Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-March 27, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361403, "title": "The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists", "description": "The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (January 24-March 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Mask of Comedy: The Art of Italian Commedia. J. B. Speed Memorial Art Museum, Louisville, KY (September 11 - November 4, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Watteau, 1684-1721. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (June 17 - September 23, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "17th and 18th Century Genre and French Drawings. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 31 - August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The 18th Century: 100 Drawings by 100 Artists. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (January 24 - March 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "F\u00eates Galantes. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond (January 20 - March 5, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Eighteenth Century. Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. (April 26 - May 31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection. Cleveland Museum of Art (June 21 - September 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Forty Drawings from the Collection. Cleveland Museum of Art (May 21 - November 25, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-05-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exhibition of Lace, Drawings, and Furniture from the Museum Collection. Cleveland Museum of Art (July 11 - September 3, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-07-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Andrew James, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sarah Ann James, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1891", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(her sale, London, Christie's, June 22-23, 1891, no. 334)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Agnew, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Richard Owen, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean Antoine Watteau likely drew this sheet from a combination of life study and imagination, working from a model and adding other elements of his own creation.", "description": "This sheet was a preparatory study for the painting The Romancer. An actor in the costume of Mezzetin, a stock character of the commedia dell\u2019arte (a type of satirical theatrical entertainment of Italian origin popular in aristocratic circles in 18th-century France), interrupts a guitarist with a bold sexual advance. Another actor dressed as the French pantomime stock character Pierrot peers lasciviously over the young musician\u2019s shoulder. A more detailed study of Pierrot\u2019s head occupies the upper left corner of the sheet, demonstrating Jean Antoine Watteau\u2019s experimentation with how to most effectively depict a lecherous gaze.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753702"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.661-study-for-the-romanc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "H. S. F. \u201c\u2018The Romancer,\u2019 a Drawing by Jean Antoine Watteau.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 16, no. 10 (1929): 179\u201381.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; mentioned: pp. 179-181.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137253."}, {"citation": "H. S. F. \"Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 19, no. 10 (1932): 166-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 167", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137511"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91; Reproduced: p. 104", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 591", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "The Mask of Comedy: The Art of Italian Commedia. Exh. Cat. Louisville, KY: J. B. Speed Memorial Art Museum, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 10", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.661", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "106596", "filename": "1928.661_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_print.jpg", "width": "2664", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2198726", "filename": "1928.661_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_full.tif", "width": "5705", "height": "7279", "filesize": "124602144", "filename": "1928.661_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1928.661/1928.661_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "893", "filesize": "516740"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1928.661/1928.661_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1957", "filesize": "2521332"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1928.661/1928.661_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1957", "filesize": "9021172"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 110060, "creators": [{"id": 14067, "description": "Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1684", "death_year": "1721", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1711, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1716", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Study for \"Le Conteur\"", "The Story Teller", "Study for the Romancer"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:04.719000"}, {"id": 129250, "accession_number": "1952.14", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Panel: Spring, c. 1715. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627). Savonnerie knotted-pile (144 symmetrical rug knots per square inch); wool, hemp; overall: 274.3 x 219.7 cm (108 x 86 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.14", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Panel: Spring", "creation_date": "c. 1715", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1717, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, early 18th century"], "technique": "Savonnerie knotted-pile (144 symmetrical rug knots per square inch); wool, hemp", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Carpet", "measurements": "Overall: 274.3 x 219.7 cm (108 x 86 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.743, "width": 2.197}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517563, "title": "France in the 18th Century", "description": "France in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 5-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. London, UK (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chefs d'oeuvre de l'art francais. Palais National des Arts: Exposition Internationale, Paris, France (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Five Centuries of History Mirrored in Five Centuries of French Art. Pavillon de la France, 1939 New York's World Fair, New York (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winter Exhibition 1968: France in the Eighteenth Century. London, Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 6-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 215 textile rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 15, 2008 June 14, 2010); (June 27, 2011-June 10, 2013); (May 22, 2014-June 27, 2016); (December 14, 2018- ).", "opening_date": "2011-06-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "formed part of original suite of tapestries and furniture made for marriage of Isabella Merode-Westerloo and Franz Joseph Czernin de Chaudnitz in 1717; remained in the family until 1930 or 1931, when they were sold to a dealer. (A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 124763, "description": "Savonnerie Panel: Autumn, c. 1717. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627). Knotted pile, silk and wool; overall: 297.2 x 218.5 cm (117 x 86 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1946.247", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Courtiers and aristocrats anxious to model their lifestyles on the king also commissioned works from the same state manufactories that produced tapestries, carpets, and upholstery for the French monarchy. Established in the early 1600s, the Savonnerie factory provided both domestic furnishings for the king\u2019s palaces and diplomatic gifts for foreign heads of state. The double coat of arms in this tapestry suggests that it was made for a count and countess who married in 1717. One of a group of four tapestries depicting the seasons, this work depicts the abundant flora and fauna of spring. The Cleveland Museum of Art rotates this tapestry with another from this group. The other two tapestries in the suite can be seen at the Toledo Museum of Art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746401"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.14-panel-spring"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 291", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n58"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 133", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.14", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.14/1952.14_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "632817", "filename": "1952.14_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.14/1952.14_print.jpg", "width": "1534", "height": "2048", "filesize": "3264778", "filename": "1952.14_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.14/1952.14_full.tif", "width": "1534", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9428356", "filename": "1952.14_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 129250, "creators": [{"id": 11823, "description": "Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1715", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Savonnerie Panel: Spring"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:02.909000"}, {"id": 117028, "accession_number": "1937.573", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children): A Spring Shower, 1797\u20131804. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper; image: 29.6 x 41.5 cm (11 5/8 x 16 5/16 in.); sheet: 35.5 x 47.1 cm (14 x 18 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1937.573", "current_location": null, "title": "A Spring Shower", "series": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children)", "creation_date": "1797\u20131804", "creation_date_earliest": 1797, "creation_date_latest": 1804, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 29.6 x 41.5 cm (11 5/8 x 16 5/16 in.); Sheet: 35.5 x 47.1 cm (14 x 18 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.355, "width": 0.471}, "image": {"height": 0.296, "width": 0.415}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, bottom right, in brown ink: Dom. Tiepolo f", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "upper left, in purple crayon: 74", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso, top right, in black chalk: 1", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "top right, in blue crayon: 7 [written over the \"1\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "bottom right, in graphite: [Painting?] small of 4 figures only [upside down]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361233, "title": "Master Drawings: An Exhibition of Drawings from American Museums and Private Collections", "description": "Master Drawings: An Exhibition of Drawings from American Museums and Private Collections. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 361229, "title": "Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the Younger Tiepolo", "description": "Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the Younger Tiepolo. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 30-April 30, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-03-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356677, "title": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums", "description": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356660, "title": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century", "description": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century. Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 30-November 2, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443086, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (organizer) (September 2-October 6, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361232, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (organizer) (September 2-October 6, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443086, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Stanford University Museum of Art, Stanford, CA (November 13-December 30, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361232, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Stanford University Museum of Art, Stanford, CA (November 13-December 30, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443086, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Frick Collection, New York, NY (January 22-March 30, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "The Tiepolos and Their World. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995); Galleria dell'Accademia, 30121 Venezia, Italy (May 25-July 30, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, 1921.", "opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, Palace of Fine Arts. Golden Gate International Exposition (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-04-10T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge, London, anonymous sale, July 6, 1920, lot 41: \"one hundred and two Carnival Scenes, with many figures,\" sold to P. & D. Colnaghi.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi, London.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Richard Owen [1873-1946], Paris.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, purchased by The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dec. 1937.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, who often depicted multiple Punchinellos (a clown figure) in his drawings, added two in this scene\u2014the figure on the left with a cloak comically draped over his head, and another on the right holding an umbrella.", "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, an important Venetian fresco painter of the 18th century, is best known today for his highly finished historical drawings that ingeniously incorporate details from daily life. In his series of 104 drawings known as Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children), he featured the Punchinello character from the Italian tradition of popular theater, a picaresque clown figure with a hooked nose, hunched back, and bloated belly. The character appears repeatedly in Tiepolo's sprawling narrative that rehearses the social mores of late 18th-century Venice through genre scenes of daily life, comic misadventures, and pathetic tragedies. In this enigmatic scene, one of nine sheets from the Divertimento at the CMA, the artist depicted a group of seven figures from the back as they wander aimlessly amid a shower that literally drips down the white paper. Domenico's characteristically tremulous lines and broad, simple washes of brown ink, laid down over an initial sketch in black chalk, capture a fresh and misty atmospheric effect that magnifies the pensive quality of the scene. The artist made this and other drawings from the series as finished works without correlations in other media.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80011388"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1937.573-a-spring-shower"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cArt Throughout America: Cleveland: Tiepolo Drawings from a Famous Series.\u201d The Art News 37, no. 34 (May 20, 1939): 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the Younger Tiepolo.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 26, no. 4 (April 1939): 46-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 48", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25138005"}, {"citation": "Golden Gate International Exposition, and Annemarie Henle. Master Drawings, An Exhibition of Drawings from American Museums and Private Collections. San Francisco, Calif: Palace of Fine Arts, Golden Gate International Exposition, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, cat. no. 99. Reproduced: p. 43 no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palace of Fine Arts. Golden Gate International Exhibition, Official Catalog. San Francisco: Palace of Fine Arts, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99, cat. no. 498.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. European Master Drawings in the United States. New York: J.J. Augustin Publishers, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 198-199, no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. Venetian Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in America. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums: Detroit Institute of Arts, June 1-September 15, 1950. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts, and E. P. Richardson. Venice, 1700-1800: An Exhibition of Venice and the Eighteenth Century. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Art and John Herron Art Museum, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 63-64, no. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \u201cUna Mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit.\u201d Arte Veneta: Rivista Trimestrale di Storia dell\u2019Arte 25 (1953).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 53-54. Reproduced: p. 53 fig. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muraro, Michelangelo and Andre Grabar. Treasures of Venice. Geneva: Skira, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "Mariuz, Adriano. Giandomenico Tiepolo. Venice: Alfieri, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Vetrocq, Marcia E., Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, and Adelheid M. Gealt. Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Bloomington: Indiana University Art Museum, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, p. 82; Reproduced: p. 83, no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vetrocq, Marcia. \u201cThe Divertimento per li Regazzi of Domenico Tiepolo.\u201d PhD diss., Stanford University, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 143-144, cat. no. 55. Reproduced: p. 230 no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fehl, Philipp P. \u201cFarewell to Jokes: The Last Capricci of Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo and the Tradition of Irony in Venetian Painting.\u201d Critical Inquiry 5, no. 4 (Summer 1979): 761-791.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 791, fig. 23.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid Medicus.\u201dThe courtship, marriage, and other exploits of Punchinello.\u201d Art News 78, no.9 (November 1979): 134-137.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 136-137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carmean, E.A.. Picasso: The Saltimbanques. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 20, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cMuseum and Dealer\u2019s Catalogues: Frick Collection\u201d The Print Collector\u2019s Newsletter 11, no. 1 (March-April 1980).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ashbery, John. \u201cPunch Lines.\u201d New York Magazine, February 18, 1980. 80.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 80.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George. \"Domenico Tiepolo\u2019s Punchinello Drawings: Satire, or Labor of Love?\" In Satire in the 18th Century, edited by J.D. Browning, 124-146. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 145 no .74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"Three Guitars: Reflections of Italian Comedy in Watteau, Daumier, and Picasso.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 4 (1984): 116-29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122; Reproduced: p. 23 fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159858"}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid Medicus and James Byam Shaw. Domenico Tiepolo: The Punchinello Drawings. New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 21, 160; Reproduced: frontispiece, pl. 68.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. Giambattista Tiepolo: His Life and Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 134 fig. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mariuz, Adriano. \u201cI disegni di Pulcinella di Giandomenico Tiepolo.\u201d Arte Veneta 40, (1986).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273 fig. 11.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Succi, Dario, Madelein Barbin, Annalia Delneri, Arnaldo Momo, and Michelangelo Muraro. I Tiepolo: Virtuosismo e ironia. Turin: Umberto Allemandi & Co., 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 303 under no. 10, 322; Reproduced: p. 322.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pedrocco, Filippo. Disegni di Giandomenico Tiepolo. Milan: Berenice, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90 no. 39; Reproduced: pl. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fehl, Philipp P. Decorum and Wit: The Poetry of Venetian Painting, Essays in the History of The Classical Tradition. Vienna: IRSA, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 348 fig. 224.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 329-30, 505, no. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. \u201cPost-Genius Venice.\u201d Art in America (March 1995): 62-69.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scir\u00e9, Giovanna Nepi, et al. Splendori del Settecento Veneziano. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 476, no. 204.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid M., George Knox, Giuseppe Bergamini, and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman. Milan, Italy: Electa, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246, no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paulin, Roger and Peter Hutchinson. Rilke\u2019s Duino Elegies. London: Duckworth and Ariadne Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 77, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolk-Simon, Linda. \"Domenico Tiepolo: Drawings, Prints, and Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.\" The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 54, no. 3 (1996): 1-68.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 26 under no. 39, 68 no. 107", "url": "doi:10.2307/3269143"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 27, p. 4, pp. 74-75, pp. 286-287; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mariuz, Adriano and Giuseppe Pavanello. Tiepolo: Ironia e comico. Venice: Marsilio, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calasso, Roberto. Il Rosa Tiepolo. Milan: Adelphi, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59; Reproduced: p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "McHale, Katherine. \u201cChild\u2019s Play? Giandomenico Tiepolo\u2019s Punchinello Drawings and the Fall of Venice.\u201d Master Drawings 50, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 95-114.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110; Reproduced: p. 111 fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 159", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.573", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.573/1937.573_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "229199", "filename": "1937.573_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.573/1937.573_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2549", "filesize": "1696825", "filename": "1937.573_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.573/1937.573_full.tif", "width": "5730", "height": "4296", "filesize": "73877208", "filename": "1937.573_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117028, "creators": [{"id": 1185, "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1797, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1797\u20131804", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Punchinello in a Rainstorm", "Walking in the Rain"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:05.095000"}, {"id": 123616, "accession_number": "1944.190", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Amphora Vase (\u96cd\u6b63\u7c89\u9752\u91c9\u53cc\u9f99\u5c0a), 1723\u201335. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and period (1723-35). Porcelain with celadon glaze; overall: 52.1 cm (20 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.190", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Amphora Vase", "title_in_original_language": "\u96cd\u6b63\u7c89\u9752\u91c9\u53cc\u9f99\u5c0a", "creation_date": "1723\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and period (1723-35)"], "technique": "porcelain with celadon glaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 52.1 cm (20 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.521}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Yongzheng mark", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Francis F. [Elisabeth Severance Allen] Prentiss [1865-1944], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shape of the vase derives from Greece and was introduced to China via the Middle East.", "description": "This elegant vase, modeled in the shape of an amphora with dragon handles has perfect symmetry. Its celadon glaze is of exceptional purity and of subtle green color, all characteristics of classical Yongzheng-era monochrome porcelains.
The amphora shape and dragon handles of this vase, seen earlier in the glazed stoneware of the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), were revived during the Yongzheng period for achieving \"antique-elegance\" (guya) in aesthetics as well as technical perfection in ceramic art.
Only four vases of this size and glaze are known to exist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746610"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection; Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944. Published as: Vase in Shape of T'ang Amphora with Ovoid Body, Tall Neck, with \"Bamboo Joints\" and Projecting Lip.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82; Reproduced: Plate XXXVII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cChinese and Korean Ceramics: Japanese Lacquer.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 6 (June 1944): 103\u2013106.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141135"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.190", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "37839", "filename": "1944.190_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_print.jpg", "width": "2280", "height": "3400", "filesize": "352349", "filename": "1944.190_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_full.tif", "width": "3797", "height": "5660", "filesize": "64495080", "filename": "1944.190_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-09-18T15:42:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.190/1944.190_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "36076"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.190/1944.190_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2217", "height": "3400", "filesize": "338425"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.190/1944.190_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3688", "height": "5655", "filesize": "62588948"}}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123616, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vase in Shape of T'ang Amphora with Ovoid Body, Tall Neck, with \"Bamboo Joints\" and Projecting Lip"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:23.779000"}, {"id": 149978, "accession_number": "1980.202", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Anna Dummer Powell, 1764. John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815). Oil on canvas; framed: 143.5 x 119 x 7 cm (56 1/2 x 46 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 126.6 x 100.6 cm (49 13/16 x 39 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Ellery Sedgwick Jr., in memory of Mabel Cabot Sedgwick, 1980.202", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Anna Dummer Powell", "creation_date": "1764", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1764, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 143.5 x 119 x 7 cm (56 1/2 x 46 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 126.6 x 100.6 cm (49 13/16 x 39 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.435, "width": 1.19, "depth": 0.07}, "unframed": {"height": 1.266, "width": 1.006}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "Year in Review: 1980. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston, Musuem of Fine Arts, Boston, Loan Exhibition of One Hundred Colonial Portraits (19 June - 21 September 1930), illus. p. 72.", "opening_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, National Gallery of Art, John Singleton Copley, 1738-1815 (18 September - 31 October 1965), traveled to New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (20 November 1965 - 2 January 1966), traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (22 January - 6 March 1966); exhibition catalogue, pp. 36, 136, illus. no. 21.", "opening_date": "1965-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, Year in Review for 1981 (1981).", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. [1908-1991], Cleveland, OH, to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1937-1980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mabel Cabot Sedgwick [1873-1937], by descent to her son, Ellery Sedgwick, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1920-by 1937", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Elizabeth Rogers Mason Cabot [1834-1920], by descent to her daughter, Mabel Cabot Sedgwick", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-by 1920", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Anna Powell Rogers?", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
There is question as to whether this painting was ever owned by Anna Powell Rogers. The suggestion comes from Frank W. Bayley's \"The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley\" (1915), which lists \"Miss A.P. Rogers\" as the current owner of the portrait. A note in the curatorial file, however, remarks that Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. did not believe she owned the painting, but rather thought that Mrs. Henry Rogers passed it directly to Elizabeth Cabot.
"], "date": "By 1915", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mr. or Mrs. Henry Rogers, possibly by descent to Mrs. Rogers' sister, Elizabeth Cabot", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Barbara Neville Parker's and Anne Bolling Wheeler's John Singleton Copley (1938) includes Mrs. Henry Rogers in the provenance, while Augustus Thorndike Perkin's A Sketch of the Life and a List of Some of the Works of John Singleton Copley (1873) lists Henry Rogers as the current owner.
"], "date": "By 1873", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Anna Powell Perkins, Boston, by descent to her granddaughter, Mrs. Henry Rogers, or to Mr. Henry Rogers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1783", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The museum also owns Copley\u2019s original bill of sale for this painting and its frame.", "description": "Less than two months before the 80-year-old Powell passed away, one of her sons commissioned this portrait in order to commemorate her life and create an heirloom for future generations. According to the sitter\u2019s granddaughter, Powell was \u201ca little woman of sober conviction and strong Presbyterian faith.\u201d The painting passed through a line of female descendants until shortly before it was given to the museum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474387"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.202-anna-dummer-powell"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Note written by \u201cL,\u201d in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Note written by \u201cL,\u201d in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": " Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Barbara Neville, and Anne Bolling Wheeler. John Singleton Copley; American Portraits in Oil, Pastel, and Miniature. Boston, Mass: Museum of Fine Arts, 1938.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Maine Historical Society. Collections of the Maine Historical Society. Portland, Me: Maine Historical Society, 1831.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Back Cover; Mentioned: p. 212, no. 39", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38 - 39", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.202", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.202/1980.202_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "373611", "filename": "1980.202_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.202/1980.202_print.jpg", "width": "2713", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5154603", "filename": "1980.202_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.202/1980.202_full.tif", "width": "3665", "height": "4593", "filesize": "50524808", "filename": "1980.202_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Ellery Sedgwick Jr., in memory of Mabel Cabot Sedgwick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 149978, "creators": [{"id": 2409, "description": "John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1764", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Anna Dummer Powell"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:00.264000"}, {"id": 115165, "accession_number": "1935.312", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.312", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1896, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.087}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum, Masterpieces of African Art, October 18, 1954-January 2, 1955, no 31.", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Exhibition Catalogue African Negro Art (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Exhibition Catalogue African Negro Art (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold objects like this were frequently melted down to make new objects in new fashions.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (sikay), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies life force (kra) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of a soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008272"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.312-knife-sheath-tip-sik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d African Arts 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. African Negro Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 202-203, fig. 513", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29; reproduced: p. 95, cat. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.312", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.312/1935.312_web.jpg", "width": "510", "height": "893", "filesize": "210858", "filename": "1935.312_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.312/1935.312_print.jpg", "width": "1941", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3289177", "filename": "1935.312_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.312/1935.312_full.tif", "width": "2905", "height": "5088", "filesize": "44362988", "filename": "1935.312_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115165, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:00.388000"}, {"id": 159309, "accession_number": "1996.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sweet Melancholy, 1756. Joseph-Marie Vien (French, 1716\u20131809). Oil on canvas; framed: 86.4 x 76.2 x 6.5 cm (34 x 30 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 68 x 55 cm (26 3/4 x 21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1996.1", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Sweet Melancholy", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 86.4 x 76.2 x 6.5 cm (34 x 30 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 68 x 55 cm (26 3/4 x 21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.864, "width": 0.762, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.68, "width": 0.55}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"jos. m. vien / 1756\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 222896, "title": "More Light. Europe Around 1770. Art and Enlightenment", "description": "More Light. Europe Around 1770. Art and Enlightenment. St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (August 22, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-08-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205940, "title": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour", "description": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Tours, Tours, France (October 11, 2008-January 12, 2009); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (February 7-May 17, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibited at the Salon of 1757. no. 31", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Madame Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Geoffrin [1699-1777], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Geoffrin, one of Vien\u2019s patrons and host of a salon that he frequently attended, purchased the painting directly from the artist for 400 livres, possibly at the Salon of 1757.
"], "date": "Probably from 1757", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jean Louis Antoine le Vaillant de Damery, Chevalier de l\u2019Ordre Royal Militaire de St-Louis [1723-1803]", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Some versions of the painting\u2019s provenance list Damery followed by Durbarry, while they appear in the reverse order in others. Although this is not confirmed, it seems that Damery should appear first for the following reasons: 1) An engraving after the painting by Beauvarlet, published c. 1765, situates the painting in the Damery collection; 2) In all versions of this provenance, Conti is followed, directly or indirectly, by the Marquis de Saint-Marc; if the painting appeared in the November 18-19, 1803 sale of Damery\u2019s collection, Damery would fall between Conti and the Marquis in the provenance, which is the never the case; 3) This painting, a prominent titled work by Vien, is not listed by title in the 1803 Damery sale, which includes a lot containing works by Vien, some of which are named; 4) Pierre Remy came into posession of the the painting at the 1774 Dubarry sale, sold it to the Prince de Conti, and then auctioned off the Conti collection in 1777; that Remy acquired the painting at the Dubarry sale and is then associated with the painting for the next three years strongly suggests that Damery was not involved with the painting by this point. It is possible that Damery sold the painting in 1764, when he was forced to sell off part of his paintings collections for financial reasons.
Remy, who is indicated as the buyer at the Dubarry sale by an annotation in the catalogue, presided over both the Dubarry and Prince de Conti auctions, and thus he was likely not the \"buyer\" of the painting. Rather, the painting was probably unsold or was bought in at the Dubarry sale, and thus the Vien remained with the auction house or with Remy, in his capacity as an agent, until the Prince de Conti somehow acquired it.
"], "date": "1774-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Louis Fran\u00e7ois, 6th Prince de Conti [1717-1776], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1776", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sale: Pierre Remy, Paris, France, Prince de Conti sale, April 17, 1777, no. 732, sold to Quenet)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 17, 1777", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Quenet, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
According to the Getty Provenance Index, Quenet purchased several hundred objects at auctions in the 1770s and 1780s, but beyond this, nothing is known about his identity.
"], "date": "1777-", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Jean Paul Andr\u00e9 des Rasins, Marquis de Saint-Marc [1723-1818], Paris, France, by descent to his daughter, Marie de la Roze", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1818", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Marie de la Roze", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Marie de la Roze (n\u00e9e de Saint-Marc) inherited the paintings in her father's collection, eventually putting them up for sale at H\u00f4tel Drouot in 1859.
"], "date": "Probably 1818 - 1859", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Sale: H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, Marquis de Saint-Marc sale, Paris, Feb. 23, 1859, no. 17)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Feb. 23, 1859", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Company, New York, NY, sold to a private collector, UK)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1955-1980", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Private noble collection, UK, sold to Danny Katz and Simon Dickinson through William Thuillier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980 - probably 1995", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "(William Thuillier, Paris, France, sold to Danny Katz and Simon Dickinson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "(Danny Katz and Simon Dickinson, London, the latter bought out by the former)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Katz and Dickinson purchased the painting from Thuillier; Katz then bought out Dickinson and sold the painting to Moatti and Kilgore within several days.
"], "date": "1995", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "Danny Katz, London, sold to Emmanuel Moatti and Jack Kilgore", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995", "sortorder": 16}, {"description": "(Emmanuel Moatti and Jack Kilgore, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995-1996", "sortorder": 17}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-", "sortorder": 18}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely\u2014three strands of pearls appear in this painting.", "description": "The chair, brazier, table, and the setting all show Vien's interest in bringing archaeological accuracy to a new level of precision. Yet his delicate handling and graceful palette derive squarely from 18th-century French painting. The gesture of the melancholic figure, with her head on her hand, has roots going back to the Renaissance. Nonetheless, the painting has a wistful rather than tragic tone. Indeed, images of women in interiors, contemplating a letter with longing or sadness, derive from earlier Dutch paintings of daily life, here transformed into an ancient context.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3208356"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.1-sweet-melancholy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Exhibited at the Salon of 1757.", "page_number": "no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Brun, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre, Jean-Baptiste Du Barry, and Pierre Remy. Catalogue de tableaux originaux des bons maitres des trois ecoles, figures et bustes de marbre et de bronze, porcelaines et autres objets curieux qui composent le cabinet de M.L.C. de D. 1774.", "page_number": "pp. 37-38, no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pierre Remy (Firm). Catalogue d'une riche collection de tableaux des mai\u0302tres les plus ce\u0301lebres des trois e\u0301coles: qui composent le cabinet de feu son Altesse Se\u0301renissime Monseigneur le Prince de Conti, prince du sang, & grand prieur de France. Paris: Muzier pe\u0300re, Pierre Remy, 1777.", "page_number": "pp. 199-200, no. 732", "url": null}, {"citation": "H\u00f4tel Drouot, Eug\u00e8ne Escribe, and Charles Rouillard. Catalogue des 17 tableaux originaux de l\u2019\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise et d\u2019un tableau de l\u2019\u00e9cole italienne composant la collection de feu M. le Marquis de Saint-Marc. Paris: Union des Arts, 1859.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lejeune, The\u0301odore. Guide the\u0301orique et pratique de l'amateur de tableaux, e\u0301tude sur les imitateurs et les copistes ... par The\u0301odore Lejeune. Paris: Vve J. Renouard (-Gide), 1863.", "page_number": "p. 275", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lejeune, The\u0301odore. Guide the\u0301orique et pratique de l'amateur de tableaux E\u0301tudes sur les imitateurs et les copistes des mai\u0302tres de toutes les e\u0301coles dont les oeuvres forment la base ordinaire des galeries. 1. 1. Paris: Renouard, 1864.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Roy, E. \"Vien et son temps,\" Revue du XIX siecle (October 1, 1866).", "page_number": "p.92", "url": ""}, {"citation": "La Roque, Louis de. Peintres, sculpteurs et architectes [montpellie\u0301rains]. 1877.", "page_number": "p. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Se\u0301gur, Pierre de. Le Royaume de la rue Saint-Honore\u0301, Mme Geoffrin et sa fille, par Pierre de Se\u0301gur. (15 janvier 1897.). Paris: C. Le\u0301vy, 1897.", "page_number": "p. 404", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saint-Aubin, Gabriel de, and E\u0301mile Dacier. Catalogues de ventes et livrets de salons illustre\u0301s par Gabriel de Saint-Aubin. Paris: Socie\u0301te\u0301 de reproduction des dessins de mai\u0302tres, 1910.", "page_number": "pp. 22, 27-8. no. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mireur, Hippolyte. Dictionnaire des ventes d'art faites en France et a\u0300 l'e\u0301tranger pendant les XVIIIme & XIXme sie\u0300cles. Paris: Maison D'E\u0301ditions d'\u0153uvres artistiques, Ch. de Vincenti, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 369", "url": ""}, {"citation": "G. de Lastic Saint-Jal, \"La reine de la rue Sainte-Honore,\" L Veil, 33 (September 1957).", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gaehtgens, Thomas W., and Jacques Lugand. Joseph-Marie Vien: peintre du roi (1716-1809). Paris [France]: ARTHENA, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 26, 76, 80, 161-62, no. 141, pi, X", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Vien, Vers un Nouveau Style\" Connaissance de Arts no. 446 (April 1989).", "page_number": "pp. 94-95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peck, Amelia. Period Rooms in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Major Works,\u201d March 18, 1996, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4027"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art Annual Report, 1996 (Cleveland: Cleveland Musuem of Art, 1997).", "page_number": "pp. 37, 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main. Mehr Licht: Europa um 1770 : Die bildende Kunst der Aufkla\u0308rung. Munich: Klinkhard & Biermann, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 25-26, no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clair, Jean. Melancholie: Genie und Wahnsinn in der Kunst ; zu Ehren von Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005), dem grossen Gelehrten und Erforscher der Geschichte der Melancholie ; Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, (10. Okober 2005 bis 16. Januar) ; Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (17. Februar bis 7. Mai 2006). Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 278, no. 6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rochebrune, Marie-Laure de, and Catherine Gougeon. El gusto \"a la griega\": nacimiento del neoclasicismo france\u0301s. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 99, fig, 70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hunter-Stiebel, Penelope, Philippe Le Leyzour, Olivier Baumont, Noe\u0301mi Rime, Vincent Lievre-Picard, Olivier Baumont, Franc\u0327ois Bazola, Destouches, and Philibert Cardonne. La Volupte\u0301 Du Gou\u0302t: French Painting in the Age of Madame De Pompadour. Paris: Somogy, 2008.", "page_number": "cat. no. 54, 200-201", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roggeman, Anouchka. \"De la beaut\u00e9 au temps de la Pompadour\". L'\u0153il ; Tour voir - Tout savoir - Tout l'Art! no. 607, (Nov. 2008).", "page_number": "p. 100.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mazur, Aneta. Pod znakiem Saturna: topika melancholii w po\u0301z\u0301nej two\u0301rczos\u0301ci Elizy Orzeszkowej. Opole: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 377, nr 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "John Stephen Hallam, Paris Salon Exhibitions: 1667-1880 (A History in Collage), 2012, (October 23, 2012).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://sites.google.com/a/plu.edu/paris-salon-exhibitions-1667-1880/"}, {"citation": "Beauvarlet, \u201cLa douce m\u00e9lancolie,\u201d The British Museum, accessed Nov. 11, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1435804&partId=1&searchText=beauvarlet+la+douce+melancolie&people=104168paGE=1."}, {"citation": "Matthiesen Gallery, accessed Dec. 3, 2013, http://www.matthiesengallery.com/info.asp?Id_painting=432.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.matthiesengallery.com/info.asp?Id_painting=432"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bu\u0308ckling, Mareike. Gefa\u0308hrliche Liebschaften Kunst und Sinnlichkeit im Rokoko. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Hirmer, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: P. 36, abb. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nolan, Dennis. Keepers of the Flame: Parrish, Wyeth, Rockwell and the Narrative Tradition. Stockbridge: MA, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michel, Cecilia. \u201cPrologue: Les apories du discours th\u00e9orique: lumi\u00e8re et couleur dans la litt\u00e9rature artistique et la pratique des peintres. In Lexicographie artistique: formes, usages et enjeux dans l'Europe modern, 11\u201325. Miche\u0300le-Caroline Heck, ed. Montpellier: Presses universitaires de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41; Reproduced: p. [42]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schneider, Marlen, Aude Virey-Wallon, and Philippe Bordes. Belle comme Ve\u0301nus: le portrait historie\u0301 entre Grand Sie\u0300cle et Lumie\u0300res. Collection Passages, Volume 59. Paris: Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274, fig. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ziskin, Rochelle. Private Salons and the Art World of Enlightenment Paris. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 240-240, fig. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "397418", "filename": "1996.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_print.jpg", "width": "2751", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5421777", "filename": "1996.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_full.tif", "width": "4450", "height": "5500", "filesize": "73457220", "filename": "1996.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-30T18:08:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "419262"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2733", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6099793"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4348", "height": "5409", "filesize": "70592764"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-30T17:16:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "893", "filesize": "468936"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2873", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7868558"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4803", "height": "5685", "filesize": "81948028"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-30T15:06:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "813", "height": "893", "filesize": "493575"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3097", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6182108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.1/1996.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "5314", "filesize": "77195068"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159309, "creators": [{"id": 1999, "description": "Joseph-Marie Vien (French, 1716\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born and trained in Montpellier, Vien moved to Paris in 1740 where he quickly achieved success, largely with the support of Natoire and Boucher. Vien won the Grand Prix in 1743 which allowed him to study in Rome until 1750. He entered the Academy in 1754. In 1775 he became director of the French academy in Rome and served as first painter to Louis XVI for less than a year in 1789.\r\nIn the 1750s, Vien abandoned the Rococo style of Boucher and Natoire in favor of a Neoclassical mode. Besides taking up ancient or \"Greek\" subjects, his brushwork became smoother and harder, his palette increasingly cooler. Vien is considered on of the earliest Neo-classical painters and in that sense his career parallels that of Benjamin West in Britain. Vien's Neo-classicism was of supreme importance to the formation of the art of Jacques-Louis David, his pupil.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1716", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:31.308000"}, {"id": 117774, "accession_number": "1938.392", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dancers in a Pavilion, 1720s. Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736). Oil on canvas; framed: 79.5 x 70 x 10.5 cm (31 5/16 x 27 9/16 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 55.3 x 47 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Commodore Louis D. Beaumont, 1938.392", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Dancers in a Pavilion", "creation_date": "1720s", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1729, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 79.5 x 70 x 10.5 cm (31 5/16 x 27 9/16 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 55.3 x 47 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.795, "width": 0.7, "depth": 0.105}, "unframed": {"height": 0.553, "width": 0.47}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355594, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 3-August 29, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300842, "title": "The Dance in Art", "description": "The Dance in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 20-August 17, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-05-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361348, "title": "Mozart and the Age of Reason", "description": "Mozart and the Age of Reason. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 15-February 29, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518973, "title": "Masterpieces of Art", "description": "Masterpieces of Art. Century 21 Exposition, Seattle, WA (organizer) (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Ausstellung von Gem\u00e4lden \u00e4lterer Miester im Berliner Privatbesitz, Ko\u0308nigl Akademie der Ku\u0308nste, Berlin, Germany (1883).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "French XVIII-Century Art, Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Three French Reigns, Louis XIV, XV, and XVI, 25 Park Lane, London, England (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masterpieces of Art, New York World's Fair, New York, NY, (May 11-October 28, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Painting, 1100-1900, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (October 18-December 2, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "18th Century French Painting, Minneapolis Institute of Art, (October 5-November 5, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Great French Paintings-An Exhibition in Memory of Chauncey McCormick, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (January 20-February 20, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Age of Elegance, The Rococo and Its Effect, Baltimore Museum of Art, (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masterpieces of Art, Fine Arts Pavilion, Seattle World's Fair, (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frederick the Great (1712-1786), Palace Sans-Souci, Potsdam, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably by 1773", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "German Imperial Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1926", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Joseph Duveen (1869-1939), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1931", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont, (1857-1942), Cap d'Antibes, France, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1938", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Pater was the sole student of the early 18th-century artist Antoine Watteau (1684\u20131721). Upon Watteau's death, Pater finished some of his teacher's compositions and copied them for reproduction. Due to this association, Pater was in the position to capitalize on the popularity of the f\u00eate galante genre invented by Watteau. This genre was based on the f\u00eates held by the aristocracy to escape the tedium of life at the French court, and depict the same amusements: conversation, music, dance, and the pursuit of love. Dancers in a Pavilion is a pastiche of several works by Watteau. The couple in this painting is most likely performing the minuet, which was considered the most flirtatious of dances.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514201"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.392-dancers-in-a-pavilio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Oesterreich, Matthieu. De\u0301scription de tout l'inte\u0301rieur des deux palais de Sans-Souci, de ceux de Potsdam, et de Charlottenbourg. 1773.", "page_number": "p. 107, no. 543", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ad. Braun & Cie. Ausstellung von Gema\u0308lden a\u0308lterer Meister im Berliner Privat-Besitz ... in der Ko\u0308nigl. Akademie der Ku\u0308nste in Berlin ... 1883. [Dornach i. Els.]: [A. Braun & Cie], 1883.", "page_number": "cat. no. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seidel, Paul. Franzo\u0308sische kunstwerke des XVIII jahrhunderts im besitze seiner majesta\u0308t des deutschen kaisers und ko\u0308nigs von Preussen. 1900.", "page_number": "p. 144, no. 153", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Staley, Edgcumbe. Watteau and His School. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1902.", "page_number": "p. 136", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seidel, Paul, Wilhelm Bode, and Max J. Friedla\u0308nder. Gema\u0308lde alter meister: im besitze Seiner Majesta\u0308t des deutschen Kaisers und ko\u0308nigs von Preussen. Berlin: R. Bong, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 138", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seidel, Paul. Friedrich der Grosse und die franzo\u0308sische Malerei seiner Zeit. Berlin & Leipzig, 1912.", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foerster, C. F. Das Neue Palais bei Potsdam. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1923.", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ingersoll-Smouse, Florence. Pater. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 55, no. 241", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dimier, Louis. Les peintres franc\u0327ais du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle, histoire des vies et catalogue des \u0153uvres. Paris: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.", "page_number": "I, 40, no. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold, Ludwig Burchard, and Alfred Scharf. Unknown Masterpieces in Public and Private Collections. New York: E. Weyhe, 1930.", "page_number": "I, 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gilman, Margaret E. Fogg Art Museum, Notes. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1931.", "page_number": "310, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301. Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. [London]: [publisher not identified], 1933.", "page_number": "cat. no 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201c\u2018La Danse Dans Un Pavillon\u2019 by Jean Antoine Watteau: Gift of Commodore Louis D. Beaumont.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 26, no. 2 (1939).", "page_number": "pp. 16-17, illus. p. 14 and cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137985"}, {"citation": "New York World's Fair, Walter Pach, and Christopher Lazare. Catalogue of European & American Paintings, 1500-1900; Introduction and Descriptions by Walter Pach, Biographies and Notes Compiled by Christopher Lazare, with the Assistance of Anne A. Wallis, Marion Haviland and Simonetta De Vries. Masterpieces of Art, New York World's Fair, May to October, 1940. [New York]: Art Aid Corporation, 1940.", "page_number": "p. 145, cat. no. 211", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duveen Brothers. Duveen Pictures in Public Collections of America: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 with Three Hundred Illustrations of Paintings by the Great Masters, Which Have Passed Through the House of Duveen. New York: William Bradford Press, 1941.", "page_number": "no. 239", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Reproduced\" p. 95; Mentioned: p. 106", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n37"}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. French Painting, 1100-1900. 1951.", "page_number": "cat. no. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Art Institute of Chicago. Great French Paintings: An Exhibition in Memory of Chauncey McCormick ; January 20th Through February 20th. 1955.", "page_number": "cat. no. 39, pl. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 484", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Baltimore Museum of Art. Age of Elegance: The Rococo and Its Effect. Baltimore. Mus. Of Art. Catalogues. 1947-1967. 1959.", "page_number": "p. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Century 21 Exposition, and William Mathewson Milliken. Masterpieces of Art: Fine Arts Pavilion, April 21 to September 4, 1962 : Catalogue : Seattle World's Fair, April 21 to October 21, 1962. [Seattle, Wash.]: Century 21 Expositions, 1962.", "page_number": "cat. no. 34, repr. p. 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael, \"The Cleveland Museum of Art: The Figurative Arts of the West ca. 1400-1800,\" Apollo LXVIII (December 1963).", "page_number": "p. 457", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n156"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "Ferre\u0301, Jean, Raoul Brie\u0301, Georges Mathieu, Michel Watteau, and Ismael Torrecilla. Watteau. 1972.", "page_number": "II, pl. 512, and III, 1073, no. p62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108; Mentioned: p. 109-110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vogtherr, Christoph Martin, Jens Bartoll, Ursula Baumer, Johann Koller, and Irene Fiedler. Franzo\u0308sische Gema\u0308lde. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2011.", "page_number": "pp. 656-657, Kat# A5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwarzer, Marjorie. Riches, Rivals, and Radicals: A History of Museums in the United States. 2020.", "page_number": "Referenced and mentioned; p. 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.392", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.392/1938.392_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "494617", "filename": "1938.392_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.392/1938.392_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7057323", "filename": "1938.392_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.392/1938.392_full.tif", "width": "4511", "height": "5419", "filesize": "73369768", "filename": "1938.392_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Commodore Louis D. Beaumont", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117774, "creators": [{"id": 1927, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1736", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1720s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Minuet in a Pavilion"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:51.498000"}, {"id": 169684, "accession_number": "2011.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger, 1774. Elisabeth Louise Vig\u00e9e-LeBrun (French, 1755\u20131842). Oil on canvas; framed: 58.6 x 51.9 x 5.7 cm (23 1/16 x 20 7/16 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 37.4 x 44.1 cm (14 3/4 x 17 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Dr. Paul J. Vignos Jr., 2011.49", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger", "creation_date": "1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 58.6 x 51.9 x 5.7 cm (23 1/16 x 20 7/16 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 37.4 x 44.1 cm (14 3/4 x 17 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.586, "width": 0.519, "depth": 0.057}, "unframed": {"height": 0.374, "width": 0.441}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger (1704-1778), Paris, France, by inheritance to the Lemoyne Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1774-1778", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Lemoyne Family, by inheritance to Yves Le Moyne", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yves Le Moyne, sold through Hotel Drouot", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1912", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sale: Hotel Drouot, Paris, France, February 5, 1912, lot 76", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 5, 1912", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Paul J. Vignos, Jr. (1919-2010), Cleveland, OH, upon his death, held in trust by the estate.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-2010", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Estate of Paul J. Vignos, Jr., by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010-2011", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne was a sculptor--there's one of his works in the CMA's collection.", "description": "This signed portrait reinterprets a well-known pastel by Maurice-Quentin de La Tour of the important French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the younger (1704\u20131778). The sculptor, seen toward the end of his life, appears in working garb. His close-cropped grey hair, frank, observant stare, and bemused smile all demonstrate the closeness of the young painter to the elder sculptor. The work also speaks to Vig\u00e9e-LeBrun\u2019s interest in naturalistic portraiture (as opposed to her more formal, commissioned portraits), and\u2014in the handling of the paint as well as her source image\u2014her debt to pastel painting, her original medium.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480843"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.49-portrait-of-jean-bap"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Tableaux et dessins anciens, aquarelles, gouaches, pastels, gravures. 1912.", "page_number": "lot 76", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.49", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.49/2011.49_web.jpg", "width": "753", "height": "893", "filesize": "110053", "filename": "2011.49_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.49/2011.49_print.jpg", "width": "2867", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2032892", "filename": "2011.49_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.49/2011.49_full.tif", "width": "5692", "height": "6749", "filesize": "115269680", "filename": "2011.49_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-10-26T19:00:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "411696"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2721", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6828408"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4324", "height": "5403", "filesize": "70113516"}}, {"date_created": "2011-10-26T18:35:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "783", "height": "893", "filesize": "548639"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2980", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8334529"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4852", "height": "5535", "filesize": "80599808"}}, {"date_created": "2013-09-23T15:10:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "759", "height": "893", "filesize": "131386"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2891", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2243885"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7056", "filesize": "127031780"}}, {"date_created": "2013-09-23T15:16:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "752", "height": "893", "filesize": "103133"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2862", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1788676"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7126", "filesize": "128291772"}}, {"date_created": "2013-09-23T15:56:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "131178"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2856", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1825437"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7142", "filesize": "128588368"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-20T18:01:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "768", "height": "893", "filesize": "571974"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2923", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8050011"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4469", "height": "5198", "filesize": "69720276"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-20T18:06:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "534585"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2977", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8580911"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.49/2011.49_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4556", "height": "5202", "filesize": "71129952"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Dr. Paul J. Vignos Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169684, "creators": [{"id": 60227, "description": "Elisabeth Louise Vig\u00e9e-LeBrun (French, 1755\u20131842)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1755", "death_year": "1842", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-06-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1774, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1774", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:25.845000"}, {"id": 111689, "accession_number": "1930.218", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Flirtatious Type, from Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women (\u5a66\u4eba\u76f8\u5b66\u5341\u8eb0\u6d6e\u6c17\u4e4b\u76f8), c. 1793. Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806). Color woodblock print; 36.9 x 25.4 cm (14 1/2 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.218", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "The Flirtatious Type, from Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women", "title_in_original_language": "\u5a66\u4eba\u76f8\u5b66\u5341\u8eb0\u6d6e\u6c17\u4e4b\u76f8", "creation_date": "c. 1793", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "36.9 x 25.4 cm (14 1/2 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.369, "width": 0.254}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5a66\u4eba\u76f8\u5b66\u5341\u8eb0\uff0f\u76f8\u898b\u3000\u6b4c\u9ebf\u753b\u3000\u6975\uff0f\u8526\u5c4b \u91cd\u4e09\u90ce\u306e\u5c4b\u53f7", "inscription_translation": "Titled: Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women; signed: Physiognomy and design by Utamaro; censor's seal kiwame; published: Emblem of Tsutaya J\u016bzabur\u014d", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301790, "title": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World", "description": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309857, "title": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking", "description": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 30, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "Highlights of Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Murata Kinbei \u6751\u7530\u91d1\u5175\u885b, Kanagawa-ken, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u2013September 21, 1917", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Yamanaka & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917\u2013?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward L. Whittemore, [1862\u20131930], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Only two impressions from this series have pink mica.", "description": "Kitagawa Utamaro was well known for his close-up portraits that belonged to a genre, or category, of images called bijinga (pictures of beautiful people). This print is from a series that invites comparisons of the attractiveness of different figures. It comes from a series that assigns personality traits to women based on their physical appearance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004102"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.218-the-faddish-type-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cThe Edward Loder Whittemore Collection of Japanese Prints.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 4 (1930): 64\u201366.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137291"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108; cat. no. 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n127"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. no. 647, p. 488", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. no. 647, p. 488", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hane, Mikiso. Japan: A Historical Survey. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. Japanese Culture; a Short History. New York: Praeger, 1973.", "page_number": "fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. Japanese Culture: A Short History. New York: Praeger, 1977.", "page_number": "fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 388", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n408"}, {"citation": "Chung, Young Yang. The Art of Oriental Embroidery: History, Aesthetics, and Techniques. New York: Scribner, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 8-3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. Japanese Culture. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 199\u2013201, fig. 58", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.218", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "900", "filesize": "231246", "filename": "1930.218_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_print.jpg", "width": "2274", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3412766", "filename": "1930.218_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_full.tif", "width": "8042", "height": "12022", "filesize": "290073412", "filename": "1930.218_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.218/1930.218_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "581", "height": "893", "filesize": "413584"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.218/1930.218_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2213", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5086558"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.218/1930.218_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3254", "height": "5000", "filesize": "48837732"}}, {"date_created": "2014-07-24T10:49:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.218/1930.218_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "900", "filesize": "183450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.218/1930.218_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2285", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2301831"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.218/1930.218_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5137", "height": "7643", "filesize": "117815660"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111689, "creators": [{"id": 23355, "description": "Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u559c\u591a\u5ddd \u6b4c\u9ebf", "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1793", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Inconstant Type, from the series Studies in Physiognomy: Ten Kinds of Women", "Woman Drying Her Hands (from the series Ten Aspects of the Physiognomy of Women)", "Woman drying her hands", "The Faddish Type from the series Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women", "The Flirtatious Type from the series Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 14:16:05.960000"}, {"id": 124080, "accession_number": "1944.82", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mary Wise, c. 1774. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Oil on canvas; unframed: 76.2 x 63.6 cm (30 x 25 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.82", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Mary Wise", "creation_date": "c. 1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1773, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 76.2 x 63.6 cm (30 x 25 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.762, "width": 0.636}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 708877, "title": "Masterworks from Giotto to the Impressionists", "description": "Masterworks from Giotto to the Impressionists. Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, MI (organizer) (October 4-30, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-10-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 700140, "title": "Montgomery Arts Festival", "description": "Montgomery Arts Festival. Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, AL (organizer) (April 29-May 13, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, Burlington House, London, United Kingdom (1778).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Second National Exhibition, Woman and Child in Art, Grosvenor Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Henry Christopher Wise (n\u00e9e Mary Wathen) [born 1751] by descent to her great-granddaughter, Catherine Waller", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1776-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Catherine [1804-1861] and Sir Thomas Wathen Waller, 2nd Bt [1805-1892], by descent to their grandson, Sir Francis Grant Waller", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1892", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sir Francis Grant Waller, 4th Bt, sold to Agnew", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892-1910", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Agnew, London, sold to Duveen)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
purchased by Duveen through Romer Williams on June 2, 1910
"], "date": "1910", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(F. Kleinberger Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Duveen)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Elizabeth Severance Prentiss Allen [1865-1944], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed by her to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1944", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The portrait shows Mary in her twenties, with her hair powdered fashionably grey.", "description": "Mary\u2019s modest and contemplative demeanor is a counterpoint to a rather elaborate ensemble consisting of a gown embroidered with gold flower sprigs, trimmed with lace and pearls, and tied with a gold sash, as well as a gold-striped veil and a bracelet with eight gold bands. Gainsborough\u2019s compact oval format and the sitter\u2019s informal pose lend this portrait an air of intimacy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515029"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.82-portrait-of-mary-wis"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "
Belsey, Hugh. Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. p. 884-885.
", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gainsborough, Thomas. Portrait of Mrs. Wise by Thomas Gainsborough, R.A., 1727-1788. Paris, France, New York, NY: F. Kleinberger Galleries, [date of publication not identified].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, vol. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [20], Plate VIII, cat. no. 5; Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis K. \"Preliminary Check List of Portraits by Thomas Gainsborough.\" The Walpole Society, XXXIII (1948-1950)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. Gainsborough. London, United Kingdom: E. Hulton, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, no. 729", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 187-189; Reproduced: p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitley, William T. Thomas Gainsborough. London: Unicorn, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters. New Haven : Published for the Paul mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 884-886, cat. 956", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Paintings in the Pretiss Bequest.\"The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXI, no. 6 (June, 1944): 87-89.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.82", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.82/1944.82_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "445135", "filename": "1944.82_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.82/1944.82_print.jpg", "width": "2815", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6692542", "filename": "1944.82_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.82/1944.82_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "4974", "filesize": "61486952", "filename": "1944.82_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 124080, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1773, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1774", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mary Wise", "Portrait of Mrs. Wise"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 14:34:39.993000"}, {"id": 121273, "accession_number": "1942.1144", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Lady Grace Anna Newenham, 1784. Horace Hone (British, 1756\u20131825). Watercolor on ivory; framed: 9 x 7.6 cm (3 9/16 x 3 in.); sight: 7.6 x 6 cm (3 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1144", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Lady Grace Anna Newenham", "creation_date": "1784", "creation_date_earliest": 1784, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9 x 7.6 cm (3 9/16 x 3 in.); Sight: 7.6 x 6 cm (3 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.09, "width": 0.076}, "sight": {"height": 0.076, "width": 0.06}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed right: HH / 1784 [HH in monogram; inscribed on frame: \"THOUGH LOST TO SIGHT TO MEMORY EVER DEAR. I.W. 28th NOVr 1821.\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335533, "title": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting", "description": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 18-March 19, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 691463, "title": "British Portrait Miniatures: Tokens of Love and Loss", "description": "British Portrait Miniatures: Tokens of Love and Loss. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 18, 2025-February 15, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-08-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 20, 2008 - September 22, 2008). [Verso on display].", "opening_date": "2008-06-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George William Panter (d. 1929), Ireland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof, (1886-1966) Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1942", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Human hair was frequently incorporated into miniatures and was especially appropriate for mourning miniatures because it transformed the object into a kind of reliquary.", "description": "Lady Grace Anna Newenham (n\u00e9e Burton, 1725\u20131807) was the wife of Sir Edward Newenham (1734\u20131814), a prominent radical Protestant Irish politician and MP for Dublin, whom she married in 1754 at St. Thomas in Dublin. Lady Newenham herself came from a highly influential family with deep Whig political roots in Dublin. This miniature was painted in 1784, when she was nearly 60 years old and had been married for 30 years. This period found her husband, Edward, deeply in debt, going to great lengths to secure employment for his children, and planning a trip to America. While the former conditions would not encourage an artistic expenditure, the latter might have provided the impetus for this portrait to be commissioned.
Lady Newenham wears a gray wrap with a high white collar and a white low-neck dress. Her costume is summarily painted with quick strokes, and the ivory ground is allowed to show through particularly at her breast, enhancing the delicacy of her complexion. She is not, however, overly flattered as she would have been in the hands of a miniature painter like Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821). Instead, Horace Hone gently described her sagging jaw line as well as the wrinkles and moles on her face. She has the eyes of an older woman, beneath which Hone\u2019s trademark glowing pink cheeks seem almost to suggest cosmetics. The texture of her lightly powdered brown hair that falls to her shoulders is delineated by Hone\u2019s technique of scraping the surface of the watercolor paint with extremely fine lines that reflect light and suggest individual strands of hair. The background is a muddy gray sky with a hint of pale blue.
Among the 18 children that Lady Newenham gave birth to over the course of two decades, six died at a young age. Lady Newenham wears a miniature on her breast, possibly depicting one of the children she lost. The back of the miniature contains plaited hair under glass, bordered with an elaborate woven hair \u201cbelt,\u201d a typically Irish form of hairwork.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017065"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1144-portrait-of-lady-gra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Four Centuries of Miniature Painting: A Special Exhibition, Including Loans from Museums and Private Collections and Examples from the Museum's Own Collection, Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the American Society of Miniature Painters, January 19 - March 19, 1950. 1950. .", "page_number": "p. 6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, no 18, pl. XIX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 292", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 51, pp. 209-211", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 53 no. 06, November/December 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-06/page/6"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1144", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "179353", "filename": "1942.1144_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1620390", "filename": "1942.1144_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_full.tif", "width": "10141", "height": "10140", "filesize": "308518652", "filename": "1942.1144_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-07T14:21:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "101324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "940333"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144065328"}}, {"date_created": "2007-12-18T19:51:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "769", "height": "893", "filesize": "517115"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2929", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6421006"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3274", "height": "3801", "filesize": "37369012"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T17:39:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "491104"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2950", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5986000"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3588", "height": "4136", "filesize": "44551132"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T15:49:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "241169"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3086968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt3_full.tif", "width": "10141", "height": "10140", "filesize": "308518204"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T20:47:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "99614"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1054690"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022104"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121273, "creators": [{"id": 3733, "description": "Horace Hone (British, 1756\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Horace Hone was a miniature painter, enameler, and engraver trained at the Royal Academy Schools in London and by his father, the Irish painter Nathaniel Hone (1718\u20131784). Horace worked in Dublin from 1782 until moving back to London around 1804, after the union of England and Ireland brought about the emigration of much of his clientele. He was appointed miniature painter to the Prince of Wales (the future king George IV) in 1795 and painted elite members of society, including the politician Charles James Fox and the theater doyenne Sarah Siddons. Hone was a friend of the famous diarist Joseph Farington, who wrote in 1795 of Hone\u2019s receiving 12 guineas for painting a portrait for which the sitter\u2019s wife was going to spend \u00a3300 on the setting. This payment suggests that in the 1790s, when his practice was thriving, Hone\u2019s rates were similar to those charged by his successful contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u2013 1829) and Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821).3 By the 1810s, however, Hone was suffering from mental illness, his practice was in decline, and he was sufficiently financially desperate to appeal to the Royal Academy for charity on several occasions between 1814 and 1821. Hone was appointed an associate member of the Royal Academy in 1779 and exhibited at twenty-nine of its annual exhibitions between 1772 and 1822. The quality of his miniatures varies widely, but his best works are vibrantly colored and minutely worked, suggesting psychological depth and intimacy without being cloying. His work in enamel is rare but often regarded as superior to his portraits in watercolor on ivory. Indeed, the enamels less often fell victim to the redundancy and haste of execution evidenced in many of the ivories. Hone is known especially for his elegant portraits of women, who were frequently placed against a golden olive brown background and exhibit the artist\u2019s distinctive dark eyes, rosy cheeks, and painting of individual eyelashes. The Cleveland Museum of Art possesses two portraits on ivory by Hone, each dating from the mid-1780s, when he was a young artist enjoying success in Dublin. Both works depict fashionably dressed women wearing large portrait miniatures.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1756", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1784, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1784", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lady in White Dress and Gray Wrap"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:47.122000"}, {"id": 94966, "accession_number": "1915.527", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Catherine Greene, 1769. John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815). Oil on canvas; framed: 145.5 x 121 x 7 cm (57 5/16 x 47 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 125.7 x 101 cm (49 1/2 x 39 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1915.527", "current_location": null, "title": "Catherine Greene", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 145.5 x 121 x 7 cm (57 5/16 x 47 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 125.7 x 101 cm (49 1/2 x 39 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.455, "width": 1.21, "depth": 0.07}, "unframed": {"height": 1.257, "width": 1.01}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"JSCp. 1769 [JSC in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518795, "title": "64th Anniversary of Opening of Gallery", "description": "64th Anniversary of Opening of Gallery. Vose Gallery, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 7-25, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221909, "title": "Turkish Fashion in 18th-century America", "description": "Turkish Fashion in 18th-century America. Timken Museum of Art, San Diego, CA (organizer) (December 10, 1998-April 11, 1999); Canton Museum of Art, Canton, OH (April 25-June 13, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-12-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Providence, RI, Rhode Island School of Design (1915 or before?) (see R.C. Vose letter 28 June 1015).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland School of Art, A Group of Paintings by Early American Artists (17 January - 1 February 1915).", "opening_date": "1915-01-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition (6 June - 20 September 1916), cat. no. 127, p. 38, illus. p. 251.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October, 1936), cat. no. 22, pp. 21-22.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus, OH, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, The Colonial Americas (9 October - 9 November 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Vose Galleries of Boston, Inc., A Loan Exhibition Honoring Robert Churchill Vose on Commencing his Sixty-Fifth Year as Head of this Firm: Forty Paintings Which have Passed Through his Hands (7 - 25 March 1961), cat. no. 9.", "opening_date": "1961-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum (6 June - 8 September 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Diego, CA, The Timken Museum of Art, John Singleton Copley and Margaret Kemble Gage: Turkish Fashion in 18th Century America (10 December 1998 - 11 April 1999); traveled to Canton, OH, Canton Art Museum (25 April - 13 June 1999), cat. no. 3, p. 17.", "opening_date": "1999-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29 - December 17, 2006): \"CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits\"", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Margaret Greene Spencer, sister of the sitter; Phebe Greene Ward; John Ward, son of Phebe Greene Ward; Charles Henry Ward, grandnephew of John Ward, inherited in 1866; Mary M. Ward, widow of Charles Henry Ward; (New York sale 1914); (Vose Gallery, Boston: the first painting bought by the Museum, 1915).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["202.1915"], "did_you_know": "Small, shimmering pearls in the woman's hair and on her sleeves add an opulent touch to this portrait.", "description": "The Boston painter Copley's virtuosity at rendering luxurious textiles was precisely the kind of talent that appealed to his patrons. In 1769 the prosperous merchant John Greene commissioned a portrait of himself and this portrait of his wife, Catherine (1735\u20131785), after thirteen years of marriage. Shown at the age of 34, Mrs. Greene wears a fanciful costume inspired by ancient styles, strikes a pose derived from an English engraving, and pretends to lean against a rock that looks as insubstantial as a theatrical prop. This likeness places Mrs. Greene in an ideal realm far removed from mundane matters. The frame is original.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502211"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.527-catherine-greene"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Perkins, Augustus Thorndike. A Sketch of the Life and a List of Some of the Works of John Singleton Copley. Boston: Priv. Print, 1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clarke, Louise Brownell, George Sears Greene, and F. V. Greene. The Greenes of Rhode Island: With Historical Records of English Ancestry, 1534-1902. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1903.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley: founded on the Work of Augustus Thorndike Perkins. Boston: Taylor Press, 1915.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129-130", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Collection of Paintings.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 2, no. 2 (1915): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; mentioned: p. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136018"}, {"citation": "Bell, Hamilton. \"Early American Portraits at The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The American Magazine of Art. 7:12 (October, 1916). p. 484-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 484-488; Reproduced: p. 488", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Katharine. The Goldsmith of Florence: A Book of Great Craftsmen. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150-70; Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolton, Theodore and Harry Lorin Binsee. \"John Singleton Copley.\" The Antiquarian. 15:6 (December, 1930). p. 76-84.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76-84; Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Barbara Neville, and Anne Bolling Wheeler. John Singleton Copley; American Portraits in Oil, Pastel, and Miniature with Biographical Sketches. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90-91; Reproduced: plate 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sellers, Charles Coleman. \"Mezzotint Prototypes of Colonial Portraiture: A Survey Based on the Research of Waldron Phoenix Belknap, Jr.\" The Art Quarterly. 20:4 (Winter, 1957). p. 407-68.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 407-68; Reproduced: p. 448, fig. 37A", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 530", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n98"}, {"citation": "Belknap, Waldron Phoenix, Jr. American Colonial Painting: Materials for a History. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 307, no. 40A, plate XXXVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David. John Singleton Copley: In America 1738-1774. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216, fig. 261", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 60:1 (January, 1973). p. 1-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, fig. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n218"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tieken, Nancy B., et. al. American Art from the Currier Gallery of Art. New York: The American Federation of Arts, 1995", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. X, cat. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hecksher, Morrison H. \"Copley's Picture Frames.\" John Singleton Copley in America. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barratt, Carrie Rebora. John Singleton Copley and Margaret Kemble Gage: Turkish Fashion in 18th-Century America. San Diego, CA: Putnam Foundation, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, cat. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Two by Copley.\" Cleveland Art. 46 (October, 2006).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-08/page/6"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n15/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.527", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "384811", "filename": "1915.527_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_print.jpg", "width": "2730", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5774818", "filename": "1915.527_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_full.tif", "width": "4817", "height": "6000", "filesize": "86738588", "filename": "1915.527_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-08-13T13:40:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.527/1915.527_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "493901"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.527/1915.527_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2853", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6714070"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.527/1915.527_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3294", "height": "3925", "filesize": "38831800"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 94966, "creators": [{"id": 2409, "description": "John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1915-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. John Greene"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:08.292000"}, {"id": 150115, "accession_number": "1980.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kitchen Utensils with Leeks, Fish, and Eggs, c. 1734. Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779). Oil on canvas; framed: 52.5 x 60.5 x 7.5 cm (20 11/16 x 23 13/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 32.2 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1980.37", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Kitchen Utensils with Leeks, Fish, and Eggs", "creation_date": "c. 1734", "creation_date_earliest": 1729, "creation_date_latest": 1739, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 52.5 x 60.5 x 7.5 cm (20 11/16 x 23 13/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 32.2 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.525, "width": 0.605, "depth": 0.075}, "unframed": {"height": 0.322, "width": 0.407}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Chardin\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "Year in Review: 1980. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "Conserving the Past for the Future. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chardin, 1699-1779, Grand Palais, Paris, France (January 29-April 30, 1979); Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-Aug. 12, 1979); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September 11- November 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Baron Maurice Sigismund Sulzbach [1853-1922], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Possibly until 1922", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Charlotte de Castellan, Comtesse de Forges", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(David Carritt, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Chardin was already famous by 1730, when he began to paint small, sparse still lifes of kitchen utensils. He often used the same elements in his compositions, varying slightly the position of the objects and adding or subtracting a utensil\u2014always carefully placing each in relation to the rest to achieve a balanced design. Chardin was the contemporary of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703\u20131770) and he taught Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (1732\u20131806), but his work is a contrast to theirs, representing the naturalistic tendency that persisted alongside the more fashionable lightness, grace, and playfulness of the Rococo. Chardin discovered a hidden poetry in even the most humble objects, bringing the viewer into an earthly world experienced with directness and simplicity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474697"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.37-kitchen-utensils-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on Chardin, and Sally W. Goodfellow. Chardin, 1699-1779: A Special Exhibition Organized by the Re\u0301union Des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, Paris, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (1981).", "page_number": "cat. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Gazette des Beaux Arts, (March 1981).", "page_number": "p. 34, fig. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on, and Pierre Rosenberg. L'opera completa di Chardin. Milano: Rizzoli, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 84 fig. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Old Master Paintings: Day. London: Sotheby's, 2006.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Important rhinoceros horn and jade carvings from a distinguished European collection. London: Christie's, 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.37/1980.37_web.jpg", "width": "1134", "height": "893", "filesize": "721094", "filename": "1980.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.37/1980.37_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2677", "filesize": "6841211", "filename": "1980.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.37/1980.37_full.tif", "width": "4790", "height": "3772", "filesize": "54242948", "filename": "1980.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150115, "creators": [{"id": 1896, "description": "Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1699", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-05-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1729, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1734", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:50.162000"}, {"id": 294155, "accession_number": "2017.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "St. Matthew, 1799. William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827). Tempera on canvas; overall: 38.5 x 26.5 cm (15 3/16 x 10 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2017.4", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "St. Matthew", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "tempera on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 38.5 x 26.5 cm (15 3/16 x 10 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.385, "width": 0.265}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Works of William Blake. Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, United Kingdom (1876).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "International Exhibition of Industry, Science and Art: Pictures of Works of Art. The Meadows, Edinburgh, Scotland (May 6 \u2013 Oct 30, 1886).", "opening_date": "1930-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Eighteenth Century English Paintings. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA. (May 5 \u2013May 19, 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "William Blake. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Butts [1757 - 1845], London, by descent to his son, Thomas Butts, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1799-1845", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Thomas Butts, Jr. [died 1862], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1845-1862", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "William Michael Rossetti [1829-1919], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1863-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William Bell Scott [1811-1890], consigned to sale at Sotheby's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1876-1892", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, July 14, 1892, no. 238, sold to Quaritch)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1892", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Quaritch, sold to E.H. van Ingen for Mrs. William Emerson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Purchased by Quaritch at Sotheby's sale for \u00a327
"], "date": "1892-1893", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mrs. William Emerson, consigned to sale at Sotheby's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
E.H. van Ingen purchased the painting for Mrs. William Emerson from Quaritch, were it was listed in catalogue 62 of 1893 for \u00a336
"], "date": "1893-1958", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sotheby's London, May 19, 1958, no.12, bought by Agnew for Lady Melchett)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Lady Melchett [1928-], sold at Christie's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Agnew purchased the painting for Lady Melchett from the Sotheby's sale for \u00a31,300
"], "date": "1958-1971", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Christie's London, November 9, 1971, no. 71, bought by Piccadilly Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1971-?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Piccadilly Gallery, London, sold to Galleria Galatea)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The painting was purchase by the Piccadilly Gallery, London from Christie's for 5,000 gns
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From childhood Blake experienced visions that are reflected in the otherworldliness of his work. While Blake was not embraced by the fine art establishment, a small group of patrons believed in his genius and commissioned works in which his unusual visions had free rein.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482851"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2017.4-st-matthew"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Butlin, Martin. The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. vol. 1, p. 323.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Alexander, Anne Gilchrist, W. J. Linton, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, Charles Edwin West, and Charles Henry Jeens. Life of William Blake, \"Pictor Ignotus\": With Selections from His Poems and Other Writings. London, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co., 1863.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204, no. 28, 1880; Reproduced: p. 210, no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Philadelphia Museum of Art. William Blake, 1757-1827; A Descriptive Catalogue of an Exhibition of the Works of William Blake Selected from Collections in the United States. Philadelphia, PA: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blunt, Anthony. The Art of William Blake. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin. The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake. New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. I, p. 323; Reproduced: vol II, plate 488", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wieseman, Marjorie E and Korkow, Cory. \u201cAcquisition Highlights: European Painting and Sculpture, 1500-1800.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58. no. 2 (March/April 2018): 21-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Luckow, Almuth, and William Blake. Die Gottesbilder des William Blake: Kunst und Philosophie. Darmstadt : WBG Academic, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 220-221, Abb. 52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "900", "filesize": "275408", "filename": "2017.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_print.jpg", "width": "2354", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3788895", "filename": "2017.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_full.tif", "width": "4536", "height": "6552", "filesize": "89188180", "filename": "2017.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2017-01-23T14:39:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.4/2017.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "900", "filesize": "262423"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.4/2017.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4071955"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.4/2017.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4880", "height": "6892", "filesize": "100928092"}}, {"date_created": "2017-01-23T15:27:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.4/2017.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "900", "filesize": "287951"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.4/2017.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2695", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3772029"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.4/2017.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5302", "height": "6690", "filesize": "106441424"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. 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Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.514", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Cane Handle (Poign\u00e9e de canne)", "creation_date": "c. 1745", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. 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This cane handle, molded in the shape of the head and torso of an Asian man, is representative of the popularity of chinoiserie, European designs that attempted to imitate the art, culture, and techniques of China and Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757924"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.514-cane-handle-poignee"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. LII (November 1965).", "page_number": "p. 153, listed no. 50, illus. p. 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Casanova, Maria Letizia. Le porcellane francesi nei Musei di Napoli. Napoli: Di Mauro Editore, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 102, no. 34 (as Chantilly)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dike, Catherine, and Guy Bezzaz. La canne, objet d'art. Paris: Editions de l'Amateur, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 236-42, illus. p. 236, no. 6 (as Chantilly)", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.514", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_web.jpg", "width": "1162", "height": "893", "filesize": "404113", "filename": "1964.514_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_print.jpg", "width": "3036", "height": "2334", "filesize": "2918323", "filename": "1964.514_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_full.tif", "width": "3036", "height": "2334", "filesize": "21286780", "filename": "1964.514_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-19T15:16:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1199", "height": "893", "filesize": "389151"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3246", "height": "2418", "filesize": "3122108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3246", "height": "2418", "filesize": "23574900"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-19T15:23:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1124", "height": "893", "filesize": "379033"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3006", "height": "2388", "filesize": "2863394"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3006", "height": "2388", "filesize": "21563680"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-19T15:38:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1139", "height": "893", "filesize": "417220"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2916", "height": "2286", "filesize": "2787940"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.514/1964.514_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2916", "height": "2286", "filesize": "20026840"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141290, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1745", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:37.611000"}, {"id": 142294, "accession_number": "1966.126", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "David Victorious over Goliath, 1722. Giovanni Battista Foggini (Italian, 1652\u20131725). Terracotta; overall: 41.3 x 47.6 x 31.5 cm (16 1/4 x 18 3/4 x 12 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harold T. Clark in memory of Mrs. William B. Sanders, 1966.126", "current_location": "301 Baroque Sculpture Mezzanine", "title": "David Victorious over Goliath", "creation_date": "1722", "creation_date_earliest": 1722, "creation_date_latest": 1722, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 18th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.3 x 47.6 x 31.5 cm (16 1/4 x 18 3/4 x 12 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.413, "width": 0.476, "depth": 0.315}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage. 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Nonziata,\" Florence, 1724, p. 8.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "CMA, 1966: \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions,\" Bulletin, LIII (September 1966), p. 277, no. 9, repr. p. 233.", "opening_date": "1966-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1971: Florence and the Arts - Five Centuries of Patronage, July 13 - Sept. 19, 1971, cat. no. 38, repr.", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, MI: Detroit Institute of Arts, The Twilight of the Medici, March 25-September 29, 1974, cat. no. 11, repr. p. 49 (also traveled to Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy).", "opening_date": "1974-03-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Venuti Collection (Florence, Italy), 1724", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "David was a popular figure in Florentine art and often embodied civic liberty.", "description": "This terracotta model was used to cast part of a series of bronzes on religious subjects. Foggini depicted David humbly, a compelling contrast to the more traditional Florentine approach of David as a proud victor. The subject of David was especially important because he had long symbolized Florence: the city was often able to overcome its larger rivals, much like David defeated the giant Goliath.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780821"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.126-david-victorious-ove"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Broeder, Frederick Den, and John D. Cooney. \u201cGiovanni Battista Foggini: David with the Head of Goliath.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 1 (January 1967): 22\u201326.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23-24; Reproduced: p. 22-23, figs. 1-2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152136"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n167"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n162"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.126", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_web.jpg", "width": "971", "height": "893", "filesize": "484623", "filename": "1966.126_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3128", "filesize": "5135888", "filename": "1966.126_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_full.tif", "width": "4007", "height": "3687", "filesize": "44352892", "filename": "1966.126_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-05-08T15:04:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1035", "height": "893", "filesize": "491050"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2933", "filesize": "4535349"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4199", "height": "3622", "filesize": "45657296"}}, {"date_created": "2006-05-08T15:20:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "863", "height": "893", "filesize": "390545"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3287", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4914968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3513", "height": "3634", "filesize": "38329192"}}, {"date_created": "2006-05-08T15:30:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "893", "filesize": "376425"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2938", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4825014"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.126/1966.126_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3182", "height": "3682", "filesize": "35179160"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Harold T. Clark in memory of Mrs. William B. 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John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in an amalgam frame; framed: 4.4 x 3.8 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/2 in.); unframed: 3.2 x 3.1 cm (1 1/4 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1940.1219", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of a Man, Possibly Sir Soulden Lawrence", "creation_date": "1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in an amalgam frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 4.4 x 3.8 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/2 in.); Unframed: 3.2 x 3.1 cm (1 1/4 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.044, "width": 0.038}, "unframed": {"height": 0.032, "width": 0.031}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed left: J.S. / 177[9]. [disagreement over whether this last number is a 9,8 or 0]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335553, "title": "John Smart - Miniaturist", "description": "John Smart - Miniaturist. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 9-31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display].", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Friedrich Neuberg (d. 1985), Litomerice, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(M.F. Neuberg Sale: Hotel Drouot, Paris, France, March 27, 1939, Lot 90).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 27, 1939", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-1940", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature is signed by the artist John Smart, who used his initials JS.", "description": "This portrait is an excellent example of John Smart\u2019s early work. The unknown sitter has blue eyes and wears a light blue coat embroidered in gold, a white waistcoat, and a high white collar with a lace frill down the front. He also dons a powdered wig\u2014still fashionable in 1770. While the sitter\u2019s cheeks are flushed with a delicate pink, his complexion does not have the ruddy quality so often seen in Smart\u2019s later work. The intricate gold embroidery on the sitter\u2019s jacket exemplifies the ornamentation lavished upon menswear during the early and mid-eighteenth century\u2014a male fashion trend replaced two decades later by one that stressed greater sobriety. The date on the miniature is difficult to decipher but probably reads 1770. Not only is the date in keeping with its size, but the number 0 is elevated, as is the case in another Smart miniature in the Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s collection, Portrait of Constantine Phipps, also dated 1770. Furthermore, as early as 1948, Smart expert Arthur Jaff\u00e9 was casting doubt that the portrait could have been painted at any date later than 1773 because of the nature of the costume.
The miniature is housed in a period gold frame with a pin on the back, indicating that it was worn as jewelry. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, miniatures were commonly worn, especially by women, mounted on rings, bracelets, necklaces, or, in this case, a brooch. The back features a coat of arms placed in a cartouche. The formation of the arms is that of a cross raguly gules, or red indented cross. The color red is conveyed in engraving through vertical perpendicular lines. The cartouche is surmounted by what appear to be either four broken columns or a crenellated wall, terminating in a sky or bits of foliage. The cross raguly gules, as seen on the back of the frame, is the basic element of the coat of arms of the Lawrence family in England, though there are numerous modifications and additions among the various branches of the family.
A possible candidate for the identity of this sitter is Sir Soulden Lawrence (1751\u20131814), who graduated from St. John\u2019s College, Cambridge, in 1771, embarked on a legal career, and became justice of the Court of King\u2019s Bench in 1794. His book collection was bequeathed to St. John\u2019s library, wherein can be seen the bookplate containing his arms. The presence of this coat of arms on Soulden Lawrence\u2019s bookplate indicates that he may have been inclined to have the device inscribed on the frame of a portrait miniature as well. A portrait of Lawrence was painted by John Hoppner (1758\u20131810) around 1804. Over three decades would have separated the Smart and the Hoppner portraits, which could account for differences in the gentleman\u2019s appearance. Although the resemblance between the two portraits is not immediately striking, there are similarities in the softness of the eyes, the delicacy of the skin tone, and the expression of the mouth.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014252"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1219-portrait-of-a-man-po"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot, and R. G. Boisgirard. Tableaux et aquarelles ... miniatures ... objets de vitrine du XVe au XIXe sie\u0300cle. 1939.", "page_number": "lot 90, pl. III", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no. 33; Reproduced: pl. VIII, no. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n55"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 467", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n85"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Smart, John, and Rose E. Taggart. John Smart - Miniaturist, 1741/42-1811: Starr Collection of Consecutively Dated Miniatures and Special Loan Exhibition : William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, Decmeber 9, 1965 to January 2, 1966. Kansas City, Mo: The Gallery, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n214"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 29, pp. 143-145", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1219", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "181320", "filename": "1940.1219_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1790828", "filename": "1940.1219_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_full.tif", "width": "5353", "height": "5353", "filesize": "85992224", "filename": "1940.1219_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-13T15:13:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "893", "filesize": "120041"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3032", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1294248"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5612", "height": "6292", "filesize": "105954544"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-25T19:21:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "460995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5029784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2772", "height": "3587", "filesize": "29862836"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-26T19:46:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "508627"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2958", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5787207"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3012", "height": "3462", "filesize": "31325276"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:23:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "204117"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1888114"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5353", "height": "5353", "filesize": "85992936"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T15:49:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "130017"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2951", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1237960"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4150", "height": "4781", "filesize": "59546508"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T16:34:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "121676"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1273390"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023516"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119033, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Man", "Young Man in Blue"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:56.074000"}, {"id": 130553, "accession_number": "1953.286", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Christ at the Column, 1756. Johann Baptist Hagenauer (Austrian, 1732\u20131810). Gilt bronze; overall: 19.6 x 10.2 x 11.3 cm (7 11/16 x 4 x 4 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.286", "current_location": null, "title": "Christ at the Column", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 19.6 x 10.2 x 11.3 cm (7 11/16 x 4 x 4 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.196, "width": 0.102, "depth": 0.113}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "at base of stake: IOANNES HAGENAUER SALISBURGENSIS INVENIT ED FECIT 1756.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 703169, "title": "The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect", "description": "The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520873, "title": "Baroque Sculpture", "description": "Baroque Sculpture. Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA (organizer) (March 7-27, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 336672, "title": "Central Europe: 1600-1800", "description": "Central Europe: 1600-1800. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (January 27-February 27, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441340, "title": "Georg Raphael Donner", "description": "Georg Raphael Donner. Osterreichische Galeri, Vienna, Austria (organizer) (May 1-August 1, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-05-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Darmstadt, Germany, Deutsches Barock und Rokoko, 1914, vol. I, p. L, vol. II, pl. 1126.", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Vienna, Sch\u00f6nbrunn, Maria-Theresia Ausstellung, 1930, p. 156, no. 8, illus. (date incorrectly cited as \"1786\").", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Paris, France, Mus\u00e9e du Jeu de Paume, 1937, Exposition d'Art Autrichien, 1937, cat. no. 104, illus. pl. 21.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Zurich, Austria, Kunsthaus, Osterreichische Kunst, 1937, no. 129.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Bern, Switzerland, Kunstmuseum, Kunst und Kunstgewerbe, Sonderausstellung, Privat-sammlung <Dr. E. Delmar>,\"1939-40, cat. no. 13, pl. 13.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Lawrence, Kansas, University of Kansas Museum of Art, German and Austrian Sculpture of the Eighteenth Century, October 15 to November 30, 1955. cat. no.5.", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Kansas City, MO, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, The Century of Mozart, Jan. 15 to Mar. 4, 1956. cat. no.51.", "opening_date": "1956-01-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Baltimore, MD, The Baltimore Museum of Art, The Age of Elegance: Rococo and its Effect, April 25 to June 14, 1959. no. 285 in catalog; repr. p. 74.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Oberlin, OH, Allen Memorial Art Museum, October 29- December 15, 1991: \"Art in the Age of Mozart,\"", "opening_date": "1991-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emil Delmar [1876-1959], Budapest, Hungary, sold to R. Stora and Company", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913-52", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(R. Stora and Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-53", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "With the energy of the imbalanced composition, Hagenauer emphasizes this heightened moment of the Passion of Christ.", "description": "Considered to be one of the masterpieces of his youth, Hagenauer cast this bronze while a student at the Vienna Academy, where he studied between 1754 and 1759. The authorship and date is verified by an inscription found at the base of the stake: IOANNES HAGENAUER SALISBURGENSIS INVENIT ED FECIT 1756. This signature appears on several of Hagenauer's early works.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912422"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.286-christ-at-the-column"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hans Friedeberger, \"Die Jahrhundertausstellung deutscher Kunst 1650-1800, Darmstadt 1914, Mu\u0308nchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, VIII (1913)", "page_number": "305, figure 25.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biermann, Georg. Deutsches Barock und Rokoko. Leipzig: E.E. Schwabach, 1914.", "page_number": "p. 656 no.1126, repr; listed p. LXXVI.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Georg Sobotka, \"Johann Baptist Hagenauer,\" Jahrbuch des Kunsthistorischen Institutes, Wien, XIV (1920)", "page_number": "4-6, figures 3, 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze-Conrat, E. O\u0308sterreichische barockplastik. Wien: A. Schroll & Co., g. m. b. h, 1920.", "page_number": "p. 31, pl. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Hagenauer,\" Thieme-Becker, vol. XV, (1922)", "page_number": "466", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Planiscig, Leo. Die Bronzeplastiken: Statuetten, Reliefs, Gera\u0308te und Plaketten : Katalog mit den Abb. sa\u0308mtlicher Stu\u0308cke. 1924", "page_number": "cat. no. 378.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stix, Alfred. Exposition d'art autrichien: mai-juin, 1937. Paris: Braun, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 21, plate 21, cat. no.104", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kunstmuseum Bern. Kunst und Kunstgewerbe: Sonderausstellung 1939/40. [Bern]: Kunstmuseum, 1940.", "page_number": "#13, listed and repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Feulner, Adolf, and Theodor Mu\u0308ller. Geschichte der deutschen Plastik. Mu\u0308nchen: F. Bruckmann, 1953.", "page_number": "vol. II, 593-94, figure 487", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. Milliken, \"'Christ at the Column' by Hagenauer,\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, XLI (March 1954), Cleveland, Ohio", "page_number": "p.48, 53, p. 49 repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Edward A. Maser, \"A Monument for a Patron of Mozart,\" University of Kansas. The Register of the Museum of Art (January 1956)", "page_number": "67, n. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 256", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n54"}, {"citation": "William Mathewson Milliken, The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958", "page_number": "p. 44, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Edward A. Maser, \"German and Austrian Rococo in American Collections,\" Connoisseur, CXLV (March 1960)", "page_number": "p. 133-4, figure 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jennifer Montagu, Bronzes, Pleasures and Treasures (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963)", "page_number": "p. 105, figure 113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eberhard Hempel, Baroque Art and Architecture in Central Europe, trans. Elisabeth Hempel and Marguerite Kay, Pelican History of Art (Harmondsworth/Baltimore: Penguin, 1965)", "page_number": "p. 295", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jewett Art Center, Baroque Sculpture and the Decorative Arts: A Loan Exhibition (Wellesley, MA,: Wellesley College, 1965)", "page_number": "no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baroque Sculpture and the Decorative Arts, Wellesley: Wellesley College Jewish Arts Center, March 1965", "page_number": "fig. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Hans R. Weihrauch, Europ\u00e4ische Bronzestatuetten, (Braunschweig: Klinckhardt and Biermann, 1967)", "page_number": "p. 442, figure 525", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art, PhD. Dissertation (Ohio, Case Western Reserve University, 1985)", "page_number": "p. 362", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Krapf, Michael, Sabine Grabner, Georg Raphael Donner. 1693-1741, (Wien, Austria: Osterreichische Galerie, 1993)", "page_number": "pp. 525-527, cat. #146, p. 527, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galavics, Geza. Budapesti Torteneti Muzeum. Baroque Art in Central-Europe (Budapest: Budapesti Torteneti Muzeum, 1993)", "page_number": "mentioned p. 412", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brucher, Gunter, Die Kunst des Barock in \u00d6sterreich, (Salzburg: Residenz, 1994)", "page_number": "p. 189", "url": ""}, {"citation": "R\u00f3zsav\u00f6lgyi, Andrea. \"20 Years in Emigration. Emil Delmar and His Collection\" In Hungary in context: studies on art and architecture, edited by Anna Tu\u0308ske\u0301s, A\u0301ron To\u0301th, Miklo\u0301s Sze\u0301kely, pp. 239-251. Budapest: CentrArt, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 247-248", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.286", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "370344", "filename": "1953.286_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_print.jpg", "width": "2629", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4918633", "filename": "1953.286_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_full.tif", "width": "3198", "height": "4136", "filesize": "39746688", "filename": "1953.286_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-16T16:59:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "893", "filesize": "315761"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2375", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4497267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3047", "height": "4362", "filesize": "39923148"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-16T18:48:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "625", "height": "893", "filesize": "330826"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2380", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4439869"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2964", "height": "4234", "filesize": "37699996"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-16T19:06:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "316314"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2468", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4620340"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.286/1953.286_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3166", "height": "4361", "filesize": "41477860"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130553, "creators": [{"id": 12130, "description": "Johann Baptist Hagenauer (Austrian, 1732\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-07-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:47.365000"}, {"id": 100489, "accession_number": "1919.910", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Baron FitzGibbon, 1789. Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828). Oil on canvas; framed: 272 x 181 x 11 cm (107 1/16 x 71 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 245 x 154 cm (96 7/16 x 60 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, General Income Fund, 1919.910", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Baron FitzGibbon", "creation_date": "1789", "creation_date_earliest": 1789, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 272 x 181 x 11 cm (107 1/16 x 71 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 245 x 154 cm (96 7/16 x 60 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.72, "width": 1.81, "depth": 0.11}, "unframed": {"height": 2.45, "width": 1.54}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206136, "title": "Gilbert Stuart", "description": "Gilbert Stuart. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 18, 2004-January 16, 2005); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (March 27-July 31, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-18T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilbert Stuart (21 October 2004-16 January 2005); traveled to Washington, DC, for the National Portrait Gallery at the National Gallery of Art (27 March-31 July 2005) illus. cat. no. 19, p. 81; text pp. 75-83.", "opening_date": "2005-03-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare [1748-1802], County Limerick, by descent to his sons", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1789-probably 1802", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "John Fitzgibbon, 2nd Earl of Clare [1792-1851] and Richard Hobart Fitzgibbon, 3rd Earl of Clare [1793-1864], sons of Baron FitzGibbon1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The Fitzgibbon sons likely received this painting upon the death of their father in 1802.
"], "date": "Probably 1802-1864", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alexander James Beresford-Hope [1820-1887], Bedgebury, Kent, by descent to his son, Alexander James Beresford-Hope1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The painting passed to Beresford-Hope, a descendant of the first earl's sister, upon the death of the third earl, Richard Hobart Fitzgibbon, in 1864.
Beresford-Hope received the painting upon the death of his father in 1887.
"], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Isaac Lewis, Esq. [1849-1927], Bedgebury, Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1919", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Bedgebury Mansion sale, Knight Frank & Rutley, London, May 12-19, 1919, no. 23, sold to Knoedler & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This portrait was painted on a large piece of textured linen, likely a tablecloth.", "description": "A fearless politician who engineered the act of uniting Ireland with England, FitzGibbon was the newly appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland (whose duties included that of chief judge) when Stuart painted his portrait. The crownlike upper portion of FitzGibbon's mace, or ceremonial staff, is seen on the table at the right. Propped against the table is a satin and velvet purse embroidered with the royal coat of arms. Worn around the neck like an apron, the purse held the official texts of FitzGibbon's speeches. At the time he painted this work, Stuart was living in Dublin, having spent a dozen years in London. In fact, his Irish patrons regarded him as a British painter. Stuart returned to his native America in 1793, where he remained the rest of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503218"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.910-baron-fitzgibbon"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Margaret C. Conrads, Lauren Lessing, and Randall R. Griffey. The Collections of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. American Paintings to 1945. Vol. 1. Kansas City, Mo., Seattle, WA: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art ; Distributed by University of Washington Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 505, 507, 508; reproduced p. 507.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Knight Frank & Rutley. Catalogue of the Contents of the Mansion of Bedgebury. London: Knight Frank & Rutley, 1919.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Gilbert Stuart's Portrait of Lord Fitzgibbon.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 7, no. 1 (1920): 3-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 3-5", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136337"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kirsh, Andrea, and Rustin S. Levenson. Seeing Through Paintings: Physical Examination in Art Historical Studies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 30-31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46 - 47", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.910", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.910/1919.910_web.jpg", "width": "553", "height": "893", "filesize": "299009", "filename": "1919.910_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.910/1919.910_print.jpg", "width": "2106", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3970000", "filename": "1919.910_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.910/1919.910_full.tif", "width": "3716", "height": "6000", "filesize": "66918820", "filename": "1919.910_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "General Income Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 100489, "creators": [{"id": 2556, "description": "Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1755", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1789, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1789", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:42.600000"}, {"id": 111691, "accession_number": "1930.22", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Interior of a Synagogue, c. 1725\u201335. Alessandro Magnasco (Italian, 1667\u20131749). Oil on canvas; framed: 140.5 x 167.5 x 6 cm (55 5/16 x 65 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 122 x 148.5 cm (48 1/16 x 58 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.22", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Interior of a Synagogue", "creation_date": "c. 1725\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 140.5 x 167.5 x 6 cm (55 5/16 x 65 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 122 x 148.5 cm (48 1/16 x 58 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.405, "width": 1.675, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 1.22, "width": 1.485}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312374, "title": "Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs", "description": "Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "Paths of Abstract Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380216, "title": "Alessandro Magnasco - 1667-1749", "description": "Alessandro Magnasco - 1667-1749. Palazzo Reale (organizer) (March 20-July 7, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-03-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Venice, 1929: \"Il Settecento Italiano,\" cat. no. 14.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 158, pl. XXXVIII.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Springfield (Massachusets) Museum of Fine Arts, 1938: \"Alessandro Magnasco, ca. 1677-ca. 1749,\" cat. no. 3. cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938: \"Tiepolo and His Contemporaries,\" cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, World's Fair, May 27-Oct. 31, 1939: \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. no. 230.", "opening_date": "1939-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, M.H de Young Memorial Museum, Dec. 28, 1939-Jan. 28, 1940: \"Seven Centuries of Painting,\" cat. no. Y-86.", "opening_date": "1939-12-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Feb. 7-Mar. 7, 1940: \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. no. 47, pl. XVI.", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Genoa, Palazzo Bianco, June 18-October 15, 1949: \"Mostra del Magnasco,\" cat. no. 72, pls. 80, 81; L'Orangerie, Paris, France.", "opening_date": "1949-06-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia Museum of Art, Nov. 3, 1950- Feb. 11, 1951: \"Diamond Jubilee Exhibition, Masterpieces of Painting,\" cat. no. 32.", "opening_date": "1950-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The International Language,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1960: \"Paths of Abstract Art,\" cat. no. 7.", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milan, Italy, Comune di Milano, Palazzo Reale, March 20-July 7, 1996: \"Alessandro Magnasco,\" cat #", "opening_date": "1996-03-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, sold Hotel Drouot, Paris, 1928", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "D'Atri Gallery (Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Benno Geiger, 1882-1965 (Vienna, Austria)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Italico Brass (Venice, Italy), 1870-1943, sold through Harold Parsons to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1930.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Jewish synagogue was among Magnasco's most frequently painted subjects, here presented in a mystical and imaginative way. Expansive architectural space creates room for a multitude of tiny, fantastical figures with elongated limbs. These characters respond to the service with emotion and expressive gestures. Flashes of light dash across the surface against a dark, muted palette of earthy tones suggesting an otherworldly presence. The composition invites the viewer to enter the space and experience the service. Though he used characteristic elements of Baroque composition and was strongly influenced by Venetian painting, Magnasco's loose brushwork, elongated figures, and mysterious subject matter set him apart. Magnasco peers into a world of which he was not part: he was not Jewish and probably perceived Jews as outsiders. At the dawn of the Enlightenment in Europe progressive aristocratic families commissioned paintings by Magnasco, suggesting the painter's support for Enlightenment ideals which included religious tolerance, but Magnasco's personal views on Judaism in Italy remain unknown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513349"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.22-interior-of-a-synago"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Synagogue, by Alessandro Magnasco.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 4, part. 1 (April 1930): 66-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66-68, 73; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137292"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Prasse, Leona. \"A Drawing by Alessandro Magnasco.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 36, no. 4 (April 1949): 55-57.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141548"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 430", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning. Paths of Abstract Art. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 7, p. 6; mentioned: pp. 6, 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n161"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 374-376; Reproduced: p. 375", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franchini Guelfi, Fausta, and Veronique Damian. Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749): les anne\u0301es de la maturite\u0301 d'un peintre anticonformiste (Exh. cat. Galerie Canesso, Paris, and Museo di Strada Nuova--Palazzo Bianco, Genoa, 2015).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25-26; Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mende, Charlotte, and Alessandro Magnasco. Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749): eine visuelle Religionsgeschichte. Berlin : Reimer, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.53; reproduced: p. 55, abb. 9", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.22", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_web.jpg", "width": "1092", "height": "893", "filesize": "691822", "filename": "1930.22_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2780", "filesize": "6437825", "filename": "1930.22_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4497", "filesize": "74233148", "filename": "1930.22_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-08-26T09:58:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1068", "height": "893", "filesize": "144760"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2843", "filesize": "1601586"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7096", "height": "5935", "filesize": "126368080"}}, {"date_created": "2013-08-26T10:03:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "88118"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1918082"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023540"}}, {"date_created": "2013-08-26T10:05:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "83171"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2011782"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023648"}}, {"date_created": "2013-08-26T08:59:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1078", "height": "893", "filesize": "175056"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2816", "filesize": "1560059"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.22/1930.22_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7244", "height": "6000", "filesize": "130418560"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 111691, "creators": [{"id": 2215, "description": "Alessandro Magnasco (Italian, 1667\u20131749)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1667", "death_year": "1749", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1725\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Synagogue"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:55.504000"}, {"id": 115162, "accession_number": "1935.309", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 6.4 x 2.1 cm (2 1/2 x 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.309", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 6.4 x 2.1 cm (2 1/2 x 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.021}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Original catalogue card (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Original catalogue card (CMA Curatorial File)
"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This chape would have been secured to the very tip of a knife sheath, modeled after European style sheaths.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (sikay), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies life force (kra) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of a soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008267"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.309-knife-sheath-tip-sik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d African Arts 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. African Negro Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 202-203, fig 516", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, cat. 43", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.309", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.309/1935.309_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "216615", "filename": "1935.309_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.309/1935.309_print.jpg", "width": "2018", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3315229", "filename": "1935.309_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.309/1935.309_full.tif", "width": "2582", "height": "4350", "filesize": "33716168", "filename": "1935.309_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115162, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:43.664000"}, {"id": 125951, "accession_number": "1948.183", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1748. Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766). Oil on canvas; framed: 108 x 92.5 x 11 cm (42 1/2 x 36 7/16 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 82 x 65 cm (32 5/16 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.183", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1748", "creation_date_earliest": 1743, "creation_date_latest": 1753, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 108 x 92.5 x 11 cm (42 1/2 x 36 7/16 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 82 x 65 cm (32 5/16 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.08, "width": 0.925, "depth": 0.11}, "unframed": {"height": 0.82, "width": 0.65}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2019. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York World's Fair: Pavilion of France, 1939: \"Five Centuries of History Mirrored in Five Centuries of French Art.\" Cat. no. 212.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Arts, October 1-November 5, 1950: \"Twentieth-Anniversary Celebration,\" cat. no. 23.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "University of Michigan Museum of Art, (Ann Arbor), Nov. 1-Nov. 28, 1951: \"Italian, Spanish, and French Paintings of the 17th and 18th Centuries,\" cat. no. 40. Grand Rapids (Michigan) Art Gallery, Dec. 12, 1951-Jan 9, 1952.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Tulsa, Oklahoma, Philbrook Art Center, April-May, 1953: \"18th and 19th Century French Painting.\u201d", "opening_date": "1953-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Zanesville, (Ohio), April 4-April 28, 1954: \"Masterpieces of Paintings Owned by Ohio Museums.\u201d", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, Duc de Dino, Paris, France, to second wife, Ms. Adele Livingston Sampson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ms. Adele Livingston Sampson, by descent to her daughter, Mrs. Frederick H. Allen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? - 1912", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H. Allen, Pelham Manor, New York, from whom purchased by Duveen Brothers", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1912 - 1930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Duveen Brothers (New York, NY), sold to Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930 - ?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont, Cap d'Antibes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1948.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? - 1948", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948 -", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Though the sitters in his portraits often lack individualized traits, Nattier was fervently sought by French aristocratic women.", "description": "Jean-Marc Nattier was a favorite portraitist of King Louis XV of France. He held the lucrative position as the court painter for Queen Mary Lesczynski, the daughter of the exiled king of Poland. The portrait was long thought to be of Madame Henriette de France, one of the daughters of Louis XV and Queen Mary Lesczynski, but this identification is no longer accepted and the sitter remains unknown. There has been considerable confusion over the identity of many of Nattier's sitters, as they tend to conform to an idealized concept of female beauty.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515574"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.183-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 10 (December 1948): 221-224.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 221; Reproduced: p. 225", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141515"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 481", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104; Mentioned: p. 105", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.183", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.183/1948.183_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "371381", "filename": "1948.183_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.183/1948.183_print.jpg", "width": "2728", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5308120", "filename": "1948.183_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.183/1948.183_full.tif", "width": "4023", "height": "5014", "filesize": "60545352", "filename": "1948.183_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125951, "creators": [{"id": 1935, "description": "Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1685", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1743, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1748", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mlle de Savigny (?)", "Mlle. De Savigny"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:10.642000"}, {"id": 141927, "accession_number": "1965.467", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monteith Bowl, 1715\u201316. Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727). Silver gilt; diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.); overall: 26.9 x 37.5 cm (10 9/16 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning, 1965.467", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Monteith Bowl", "creation_date": "1715\u201316", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.); Overall: 26.9 x 37.5 cm (10 9/16 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.329}, "overall": {"height": 0.269, "width": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved, center of bowl: arms, crest of Byam family (mantling and helmet were probably engraved at time bowl was made, crest and arms were altered to those of Byam at later date). Rim engraved with Byam Crest (also presumably not original).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "Collecting Drawings in England. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anthony de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Warren Holmes [1841-1899] and Mary Helen Wick [1841-1929] Corning, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The name Monteith is said to come from a mythical Scotsman named Monteigh, who wore cloaks with a similar notched pattern.", "description": "This bowl\u2019s notched rim allows for glasses to be suspended in water for cooling and cleansing between courses during a long dinner. The rim can be removed and the bowl used for punch as well. A year before Benjamin Pyne began this bowl, he was appointed Subordinate Goldsmith to the King in preparation for George I\u2019s coronation (r. 1714\u20131727). Like much of his work, this Monteith bowl is characterized by its scale and simplicity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759523"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.467-monteith-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277; Reproduced: p. 224, listed no. 14", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Birk, Eileen F. \"Current and Coming - Anniversary Year Celebrations.\" Antiques 90 (September 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=STIDN&submit=Search&request=0003-5939"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n175"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Lee, Georgina E., and Ronald A. Lee. Monteith Bowls, Including American and European Examples. Byfleet: Manor House Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46; Reproduced: pl. 47", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=5099949"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.467", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "810", "filesize": "187930", "filename": "1965.467_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3061", "filesize": "1233872", "filename": "1965.467_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_full.tif", "width": "7446", "height": "6703", "filesize": "149757252", "filename": "1965.467_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-05-05T19:07:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467/1965.467_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "483263"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467/1965.467_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "4021269"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467/1965.467_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67978416"}}, {"date_created": "2008-05-05T19:17:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467/1965.467_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "448361"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467/1965.467_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "3879813"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467/1965.467_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67977968"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141927, "creators": [{"id": 8799, "description": "Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715\u201316", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Monteith", "Monteith Punch Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:59.895000"}, {"id": 117767, "accession_number": "1938.388", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Flying Angel (recto); Studies of Hands Playing Instruments (verso), 1723\u201327. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk; sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.388", "current_location": null, "title": "A Flying Angel (recto); Studies of Hands Playing Instruments (verso)", "creation_date": "1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1727, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.563, "width": 0.426}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356657, "title": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice", "description": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (April 20-June 15, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361625, "title": "Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy", "description": "Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (January 1-31, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nov. 1938.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Venetian blue paper (carta azzurra) of this sheet was the preferred medium for preparatory drawings among artists in Venice at the time this drawing was made.", "description": "This drawing was completed in preparation for the most prestigious religious commission of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta\u2019s career, the ceiling painting of the Glory of St. Dominic for the church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. Both the finished painting, which depicts St. Dominic\u2019s arrival in heaven amid a thundery vortex, and Piazzetta\u2019s study for the angel, who carries St. Dominic on a cloud, depart from Venetian tradition. To execute this airborne subject, he likely drew from wax or clay models suspended in midair in order to study the illusionistic di sotto in su (from below to above) perspective and the play of light found on the angel\u2019s shadowed form. He worked out the angel\u2019s twisting pose, imbuing it with a lively sense of movement, and accentuated the drapery\u2019s folds with heavy lines as though considering their visibility from afar. There are only slight changes in the angel\u2019s pose between this drawing and the completed painting. As few of Piazzetta\u2019s preparatory studies for paintings exist, Cleveland\u2019s sheet offers rare insight to the artist\u2019s working methods.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012475"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.388-a-flying-angel-recto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cCleveland: A Museum\u2019s New Acquisitions.\u201d The Art News 38, no. 40 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Millikan, William M. \u201cTwo Drawings by Piazzetta.\u201d Burlington Magazine 76, no. 444 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 88-89, pl. C", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Drawings by Piazzetta.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 27, no. 7 (1940): 108-109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Museum of Art. Venice in the Eighteenth Century (May 7- June 10, 1948). Cambridge: Harvard University, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cExhibition of Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy.\u201d Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 8, no. 2 (1951).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 54, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 54, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Leslie. \u201cThe Paintings of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta.\u201d Doctoral diss., New York University, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo and Adriano Mariuz. L\u2019opera completa del Piazzetta. Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 84 no. 37a, p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, cat. no. 15, Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Puglisi, Catherine R. \u201cPiazzetta\u2019s Glory of Saint Dominic.\u201d Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell\u2019Arte 41 (1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 210, p. 15 n. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 166, 480, no. 87.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scir\u00e9, Giovanna Nepi, et al. Splendori del Settecento Veneziano. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 199, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. Tiepolo and His Circle: Drawings in American Collections. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. Tiepolo and His Circle: Drawings in American Collections. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4, 60-61, 86; Reproduced: P. 61, cat. no. 20", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.388", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "592", "filesize": "177573", "filename": "1938.388_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2237", "filesize": "3099663", "filename": "1938.388_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_full.tif", "width": "18902", "height": "12439", "filesize": "705394986", "filename": "1938.388_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-02-27T18:47:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388/1938.388_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "900", "filesize": "220075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388/1938.388_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2672", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3835852"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388/1938.388_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3266", "height": "4156", "filesize": "40745632"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117767, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Angel"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:43.136000"}, {"id": 127561, "accession_number": "1950.239", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Holy Family (Christ in the Lap of Truth), c. 1805. William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827). Black, gray, and brown ink applied with pen and point of brush; gray, pink, yellow, and green wash; sheet: 37.9 x 32.5 cm (14 15/16 x 12 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.239", "current_location": null, "title": "The Holy Family (Christ in the Lap of Truth)", "creation_date": "c. 1805", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "black, gray, and brown ink applied with pen and point of brush; gray, pink, yellow, and green wash", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.9 x 32.5 cm (14 15/16 x 12 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.379, "width": 0.325}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in black ink: [artist's monogram:8 inv / wb]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso, upper center, in graphite: G [collector's mark? (not in Lugt)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "across bottom, in graphite: no. 9 [S?]ingle", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "across bottom, in graphite: The Holy Family / Jesus-Mary-Joseph-Elizabeth + St. John", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "lower center, in graphite: 50/ [7?]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361393, "title": "77th Annual Exhibition of Water-Colour Drawings", "description": "77th Annual Exhibition of Water-Colour Drawings. Thomas Agnew & Sons, Ltd., London (organizer).", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361394, "title": "The Art of William Blake", "description": "The Art of William Blake. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 19-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of the Works of William Blake. Burlington Fine Arts Club, London (1876).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Exhibition of Works by William Blake. Carfax and Co. Ltd., London (June 14 - July 31, 1906).", "opening_date": "1906-06-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Century of Art Exhibition of the International Society of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers. Grafton Galleries, London (June - July, 1911).", "opening_date": "1911-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "William Blake (1757 \u2013 1827). Tate Gallery, London (1947).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Butts [1757-1845], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1805-by 1845", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Thomas Butts Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably after 1845-by 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(his sale, Property of Thomas Butts, Esq., Messrs. Foster and Son, London, June 29, 1853, no. 127, sold to Henry George Bohn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
as Holy Family.
"], "date": "1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Henry George Bohn [1796-1884], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Alexander Anderdon Weston [1822-1901; Lugt 65], by descent to his widow", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1901", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mrs. Alexander Anderdon Weston", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1901-1904", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(her anonymous sale, Christie's, London, June 28, 1904, no. 5, sold to E. Parsons)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "E. Parsons, sold to W. Graham Robertson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "W. Graham Robertson [1866-1948], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904-1949", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(his sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, Ltd., London, July 22, 1949, no. 24, probably sold to Thomas Agnew and Sons, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew and Sons, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-1950", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was first owned by Thomas Butts, an English civil servant who became William Blake's most important patron and supporter for about two decades.", "description": "Although he rejected institutionalized religion, Blake was intensely spiritual, and much of his art was inspired by a highly personal reading of the Bible or by literature based upon it, such as John Milton\u2019s Paradise Lost (1667). The Virgin Mary is centered in this highly stylized composition. Upon her lap she clasps the infant Christ whose outstretched arms foreshadow the Crucifixion. The Mother and Child are flanked by Saint Joseph on the left, and Saint Anne (the Virgin\u2019s mother), on the right. Below, Saint John the Baptist, who foretold Christ\u2019s death and resurrection, plays with a lamb.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79907658"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.239-the-holy-family-chri"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Alexander and William Michael Rossetti. Life of William Blake: \"Pictor Ignotus,\" with Selections from His Poems and Other Writings. London: R. Clay, Son, and Taylor, 1863.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 230, no. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exhibition of the Works of William Blake. Exh. Cat. London: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1876.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Alexander and William Michael Rossetti. Life of William Blake with Seleions from His Poems and Other Writings. London: Macmillan, 1880.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 243, no. 207 or 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richter, Helene. William Blake. Strassburg: J.H. Ed. Heitz, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173; Reproduced: pl. V", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exhibition of Works by William Blake. Exh. Cat. London: Carfax and Co., Ltd., 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Selincourt, Basil. William Blake. London: Duckworth, 1909.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 200-202; Reproduced: between pp. 200 and 201", "url": "https://archive.org/details/williamblake007928mbp/"}, {"citation": "The Century of Art Exhibition of the International Society of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers. Exh. Cat. London: Grafton Galleries, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35, no. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russell, Archibald. \"The Graham Robertson Collection.\" Burlington Magazine 37, no. 208 (July 1920): 27-29, 32-35, 39.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/861049"}, {"citation": "Russell, Archibald. William Blake (1757-1827). Exh. Cat. London: Tate Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37, no. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "77th Annual Exhibition of Water-Colour Drawings. Exh. Cat. London: Thomas Agnew & Sons, Ltd., 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Preston, Kerrison. The Blake Collection of W. Graham Robertson. London: Faber and Faber, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 144-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keynes, Sir Geoffrey. William Blake's Illustrations to the Bible. London: Trianon, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 30-31, no. 104; Reproduced: pl. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Art of William Blake. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 608", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n113"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 117, no. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoover, Suzanne. \"Pictures at the Exhibition.\" Blake Newsletter 21 (1973): 6-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8-9; Reproduced: fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mellor, Anne Kostelanetz. Blake's Human Form Divine. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 332-35; Reproduced: pl. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin. The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 351, no. 471, 484, under no. 671; Reproduced: pl. 556", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heppner, Christopher. Reading Blake's Designs. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 7, 188-89, no. 77; Reproduced: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, 54-55, 143, no. 16; Reproduced: p. 17 (detail), 55", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Butlin 471", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.239", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_web.jpg", "width": "773", "height": "893", "filesize": "141470", "filename": "1950.239_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_print.jpg", "width": "2942", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1842917", "filename": "1950.239_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_full.tif", "width": "4585", "height": "5297", "filesize": "72916440", "filename": "1950.239_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.239/1950.239_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "586813"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.239/1950.239_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1793", "filesize": "2324530"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.239/1950.239_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1793", "filesize": "8265196"}}, {"date_created": "2012-06-13T15:11:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.239/1950.239_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "770", "height": "893", "filesize": "147061"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.239/1950.239_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2931", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1898452"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.239/1950.239_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4491", "height": "5209", "filesize": "70234104"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127561, "creators": [{"id": 1257, "description": "William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1827", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1805", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Christ in the Lap of Truth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:52.333000"}, {"id": 130150, "accession_number": "1952.529", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fountain with Two Tritons Blowing Conch Shells, c. 1736. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Black chalk with stumping, and red chalk, heightened with white chalk on beige laid paper; sheet: 37.7 x 22.2 cm (14 13/16 x 8 3/4 in.); secondary support: 39.6 x 24.2 cm (15 9/16 x 9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.529", "current_location": null, "title": "Fountain with Two Tritons Blowing Conch Shells", "creation_date": "c. 1736", "creation_date_earliest": 1731, "creation_date_latest": 1741, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Black chalk with stumping, and red chalk, heightened with white chalk on beige laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, laid down on beige laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.7 x 22.2 cm (14 13/16 x 8 3/4 in.); Secondary Support: 39.6 x 24.2 cm (15 9/16 x 9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.377, "width": 0.222}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.396, "width": 0.242}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in brown ink: Boucher; secondary support, in graphite: [195?]; verso of secondary support, upper center, in brown ink: M / No. 53; center, in graphite: B / [illegible]\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361403, "title": "The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists", "description": "The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (January 24-March 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361355, "title": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections", "description": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (April 4-May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360893, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings", "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (December 23, 1973-March 15, 1974); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (April 1-May 20, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-12-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361404, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher", "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (April 24-June 23, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310008, "title": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention", "description": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 7-May 17, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-04-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Gabriel Huquier [1695-1772], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1771?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(his sale, Paris, Tableaux, Gouaches, Desseins...du Cabinet de M. ***, 1771, no. 89)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Quatorze desseins de fontaines, cartouches &c. par Boucher\"
"], "date": "1771", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(possibly sale, Paris, Tableaux...composant le cabinet de M. Rochaz, February 11, 1856, no. 3)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
A group of four drawings described as fountain designs by Boucher in \"encre de Chine, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s \u00e0 la plume et teint\u00e9s de couleur\" are listed under lot 3 in this sale. The composition of the Cleveland drawing is clearly described (\"Dans le second, ce sont des dauphins qui soutiennent dans une vasque des tritons qui lancent de l'eau par leurs conques\"). However, the disparity of media suggests the Rochaz work was possibly a copy after the Huquier print. The description of it as \"tinted with color\" does not suggest a drawing by Boucher.
"], "date": "1856", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Probably M. Marmontel", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1883", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Aquarelles et Dessins...composant la collection de M. Marmontel, January 25-26, 1883, no. 44)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Projet de fontaine. Crayon. Haut., 35 cent., larg.; 22 cent.\"
"], "date": "1883", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Possibly \"M[onsieur] S.\"", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1883-1896", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Dessins Anciens et Modernes...Appartenant \u00e0 M. S..., June 1, 1896, no. 2)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1896", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Franz Lederer [1899-2000], Palm Springs, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Erich Lederer, Geneva, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1952", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While translating this drawing into etching, the printmaker Gabriel Huquier replaced Boucher's grotto setting with an architectural niche.", "description": "In this early chalk drawing, Fran\u00e7ois Boucher combined plants, dolphins, rocks, shells, and tritons (mythological creatures that are part man and part fish) into a design that was meant to suggest a fountain in a rocky garden grotto. This sheet represents l'art rocaille, or \"rock and shell art,\" a style of ornament that developed in France during the 1730s and featured decorative compositions with abundant detail. The image was one of seven that the printmaker Gabriel Huquier translated as etchings around the time Boucher completed them. These reproductions helped to bring Boucher's work to a broader audience, including other artists who emulated his style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79911893"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.529-fountain-with-two-tr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Michel, Andr\u00e9. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Paris: L'\u00c9dition d'Art, H. Piazza et Cie, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141, no. 2554", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1953.\" Art Quarterly 16, no. 4 (Winter 1953): 346-365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 594", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, Hylton. The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists. Exh. Cat. Minneapolis: University of Minnesoty, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, no. 6; Reproduced: plate I", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. L'Oeuvre dessin\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703-1770): catalogue raisonn\u00e9. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1966", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 968?", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 136-137, no. 12; Reproduced: plate 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Regina Shoolman. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Lausanne: La Biblioth\u00e8que des Arts, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Jean-Richard, Pierrette. L'Oeuvre grav\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ois Boucher dans la Collection Edmond de Rothschild. Paris: \u00c9ditions des Mus\u00e9es Nationaux, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 274, under no. 1096", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Exh. Cat. Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 189, 245, no. 83; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u2013378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 367-368, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, pp. 100-101, 288, no. 36; Reproduced: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. Le dessin franc\u0327ais au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Louvre \u00e9ditions: Somogy, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174, no. 293", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Michel 2554?; Ananoff 968?", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.529", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_web.jpg", "width": "553", "height": "900", "filesize": "284655", "filename": "1952.529_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_print.jpg", "width": "2088", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3859179", "filename": "1952.529_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_full.tif", "width": "8079", "height": "13156", "filesize": "637754586", "filename": "1952.529_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-11-14T15:48:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.529/1952.529_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "144899"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.529/1952.529_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2096", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2158250"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.529/1952.529_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4836", "height": "7844", "filesize": "113822808"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.529/1952.529_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "524", "height": "893", "filesize": "460696"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.529/1952.529_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1202", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2504963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.529/1952.529_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1202", "height": "2048", "filesize": "7388004"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130150, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1731, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1736", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Fountain"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:32.477000"}, {"id": 97971, "accession_number": "1917.611", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figures Depicting the Four Seasons, c. 1775. Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381). Hard-paste porcelain; part 1: 28.4 x 16.2 x 13.7 cm (11 3/16 x 6 3/8 x 5 3/8 in.); part 2: 27 x 14.5 x 9.4 cm (10 5/8 x 5 11/16 x 3 11/16 in.); part 3: 27 x 15.9 x 11.7 cm (10 5/8 x 6 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.); part 4: 27.2 x 13 x 11.5 cm (10 11/16 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.611", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figures Depicting the Four Seasons", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Bristol"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 28.4 x 16.2 x 13.7 cm (11 3/16 x 6 3/8 x 5 3/8 in.); Part 2: 27 x 14.5 x 9.4 cm (10 5/8 x 5 11/16 x 3 11/16 in.); Part 3: 27 x 15.9 x 11.7 cm (10 5/8 x 6 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.); Part 4: 27.2 x 13 x 11.5 cm (10 11/16 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.284, "width": 0.162, "depth": 0.137}, "part 2": {"height": 0.27, "width": 0.145, "depth": 0.094}, "part 3": {"height": 0.27, "width": 0.159, "depth": 0.117}, "part 4": {"height": 0.272, "width": 0.13, "depth": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Allegorical figures most often decorated a table during the dessert course, providing amusing subjects for conversation.", "description": "In this group depicting the four seasons, a young boy in ice skates represents winter; a young lady adorns her hair with flowers in spring; a young man guards his beehive in summer; and a girl gathers fruit in autumn.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.611-figures-depicting-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925. Only Summer (1917.611.3) and Autumn (1917.611.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928. Only Summer (1917.611.3) and Autumn (1917.611.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "\"The Bequests of Mary Warden Harkness: A Tribute and an Accounting.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 part II (February 1928): 43-50", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137106"}, {"citation": "\"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 part II (February 1928): 57-59", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. Only Autumn (1917.611.2) reproduced. Incorrectly published as Spring (1917.611.1).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n55"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.611", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "383", "filesize": "", "filename": "1917.611_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1447", "filesize": "", "filename": "1917.611_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_full.tif", "width": "18288", "height": "7785", "filesize": "", "filename": "1917.611_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-01-16T16:29:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611/1917.611_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "900", "filesize": "96975"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611/1917.611_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2110", "height": "3400", "filesize": "653090"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611/1917.611_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3400", "height": "5478", "filesize": "55899612"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97971, "creators": [{"id": 14385, "description": "Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Benjamin Lund produced soft-paste porcelain known as Lund's Bristol Ware between 1749 and 1752. When William Cookworthy (1705-1784) moved his pottery works to Bristol from Plymouth, he began to produce England's first hard-paste porcelain. The works were soon transferred to his factory manager then partner Richard Champion (1743-1791), who directed the factory until its demise around 1782.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Spring; Autumn; Summer; Winter"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:59.648000"}, {"id": 148861, "accession_number": "1976.97.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Colonnade of St. Peter's, Rome, during the Conclave, c.1769. Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808). Oil on canvas; framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1976.97.1", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "The Colonnade of St. Peter's, Rome, during the Conclave", "creation_date": "c.1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.56, "width": 0.475, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.426, "width": 0.334}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "back of the original canvas : Mr de/Lafert\u00e9", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Salon of 1769, nos. 95 and 96.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Charpentier, June 1922: \"Hubert Robert et Louis Moreau,\" cat. nos. 31 and 32.", "opening_date": "1922-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Cailleux, 1975: \"Eloge del'ovale,\" cat. nos. 26 and 27, repr.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, February 1977: \"Year in Review,\" cat., Bull., LXIV (Feb. 1977), p. 49, nos. 41 and 42, illus.", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Denis-Pierre Papillon de la Ferte", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Marius Paulme (sold, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, November 22, 1923, lots 76 and 77, to Henri Boudonneau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1923 - 1949 Henri Boudonneau (Paris, France), by inheritance to his son, Rene Boudonneau, 1949", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1949 - 1961 Rene Boudonneau, by inheritance to his wife, Mme S. A. Boudonneau, 1961", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1961 - 1974 Mme S. A. Boudonneau (Geneva, Switzerland) (sold, Christie's, London, December 13, 1974, lot 146, to Gallerie Cailleux", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1974 - 1976 Gallery Cailleux (Paris, France) sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1976.97"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Hubert Robert studied and worked in Italy from 1754\u201365. Upon returning to Paris, he entered the Royal Academy as an architectural painter and full member in 1766. His time in Italy would prove to be influential and classical architectural subjects would dominate his subsequent oeuvre. Interior of the Colonnade of St. Peter's is based on a drawing dated 1758, the same year that Pope Clement XIII Rezzonico was elected. Given his interest in classical subjects, Robert has antiquated his subject by aging the condition of the columns and including a soldier dressed in ancient Roman armor. Similarly, Robert imaginatively portrays the Grotto of Posillipo. Measuring over 2000 feet in length, this tunnel was carved from the volcanic rock by ancient Romans to connect Naples with Pozzuoli. While this passageway was improved by repaving and reinforcing the arches during the reign of Charles III of Naples (1734\u201359), this structure was never the grand tunnel Robert depicts with coffered vaults and engaged columns.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19603220"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 53A, p. 128 - 131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n207"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.97.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.1/1976.97.1_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "328916", "filename": "1976.97.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.1/1976.97.1_print.jpg", "width": "2764", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4405109", "filename": "1976.97.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.1/1976.97.1_full.tif", "width": "4852", "height": "5969", "filesize": "86921828", "filename": "1976.97.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 148861, "creators": [{"id": 1955, "description": "Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-10-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1976.97", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:47.561000"}, {"id": 125700, "accession_number": "1947.60", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Bottle Coolers (seaux \u00e0 rafra\u00eechir), c. 1740. Villeroy Factory, Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 15.7 x 21.9 x 18.8 cm (6 3/16 x 8 5/8 x 7 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1947.60", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Pair of Bottle Coolers (seaux \u00e0 rafra\u00eechir)", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Villeroy, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.7 x 21.9 x 18.8 cm (6 3/16 x 8 5/8 x 7 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.157, "width": 0.219, "depth": 0.188}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The four figures on horseback are derived from prints French designer Jean Antoine Fraisse modeled after textiles, lacquers, and porcelains found in the collection of Louis-Henri, duke of Bourbon.", "description": "These bottle coolers combine a traditionally European form based on silver models with designs and compositions that emulate Chinese and Japanese porcelain. Towering over the figures the luxuriant, vividly colored vegetation is characteristic of chinoiserie, imitations of East Asian decoration and design common in 18th-century European decorative arts. Distorted by the European imagination, these imitations were not accurate representations of the cultures from which they drew inspiration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779776"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.60-pair-of-bottle-coole"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Darblay, Ayme. Villeroy: son passe\u0301, sa fabrique de porcelaine, son e\u0301tat actuel. Paris: Picard, 1901.", "page_number": "p. 88, pl. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"French Soft-Paste Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34 (December 1947): 249-250.", "page_number": "p. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain in France.\" Art Quarterly XI (Autumn 1948)", "page_number": "p. 340, 344; figs. 11, 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 256; no. 786", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p, 59; Reproduced: p. 59, fig. 61 and colorplate 61 after p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duchon, Nicole. La Manufacture de porcelaine de Mennecy Villeroy. Le Me\u0301e-sur-Seine: Editions Amatteis, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 108", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.60", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "752", "filesize": "85601", "filename": "1947.60_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2025", "filesize": "488190", "filename": "1947.60_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_full.tif", "width": "7796", "height": "4644", "filesize": "108635860", "filename": "1947.60_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-10-22T19:21:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.60/1947.60_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "795", "filesize": "98002"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.60/1947.60_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2140", "filesize": "539608"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.60/1947.60_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7568", "height": "4764", "filesize": "108183852"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125700, "creators": [{"id": 452186, "description": "Villeroy Factory", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-04-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cachepot"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:10.508000"}, {"id": 136472, "accession_number": "1960.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Raja Dilip Singh of Guler on a dais, c. 1707. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 22.7 x 15.3 cm (8 15/16 x 6 in.); overall: 27.1 x 19.8 cm (10 11/16 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1960.49", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Raja Dilip Singh of Guler on a dais", "creation_date": "c. 1707", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 22.7 x 15.3 cm (8 15/16 x 6 in.); Overall: 27.1 x 19.8 cm (10 11/16 x 7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.227, "width": 0.153}, "overall": {"height": 0.271, "width": 0.198}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, in Takri: Shri Dalip Singh", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518572, "title": "Rajput Painting", "description": "Rajput Painting. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 308686, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 2-November 18, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "He holds a manuscript, possibly referencing his court chronicle the Diliparanjani, completed in 1707.", "description": "Dilip Singh (reigned 1695\u20131741) holds a manuscript page with alternating lines of red and black ink, which may be a sacred text that announces his devotion to the Hindu god Vishnu, whose mark appears on his forehead. He inaugurated the practice of commissioning paintings and manuscripts for the royal collection at Guler. Some members of a family of artists of Guler had worked in the Mughal imperial workshop in Lahore in present-day Pakistan. They brought a vision of naturalism and delicate refinement evident in the trees, his facial features, Mughal-style belted tunic, and carpet with floral patterns.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465681"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.49-raja-dalip-singh-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Asia Society, Sherman E. Lee, and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68; plate 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heeramaneck, Alice N. Masterpieces of Indian Painting: From the Former Collections of Nasli M. Heeramaneck. Verona, Italy: A.N. Heeramaneck, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 96, color plate 97, p. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 107", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.49", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.49/1960.49_web.jpg", "width": "671", "height": "900", "filesize": "298885", "filename": "1960.49_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.49/1960.49_print.jpg", "width": "2534", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3920299", "filename": "1960.49_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.49/1960.49_full.tif", "width": "8205", "height": "11009", "filesize": "271017888", "filename": "1960.49_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-25T15:47:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "900", "filesize": "230051"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3003201"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4708", "height": "6772", "filesize": "95679444"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-25T15:51:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "900", "filesize": "187323"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2504", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2312534"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5791", "height": "7863", "filesize": "136634028"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-26T11:01:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "671", "height": "900", "filesize": "285738"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2534", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3551543"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.49/1960.49_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8205", "height": "11009", "filesize": "271017740"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136472, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-03-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1707", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Raja Dalip Singh of Guler on a Dias"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:36.909000"}, {"id": 142292, "accession_number": "1966.124", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Costumed Dancers Performing in a Garden Tavern, 1756. Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (French, 1724\u20131780). Brush and brown and gray wash, with gouache, watercolor, and traces of graphite; sheet: 19.8 x 31.3 cm (7 13/16 x 12 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1966.124", "current_location": null, "title": "Costumed Dancers Performing in a Garden Tavern", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "brush and brown and gray wash, with gouache, watercolor, and traces of graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper, laid down on cream(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 19.8 x 31.3 cm (7 13/16 x 12 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.198, "width": 0.313}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in brown ink: 17[60?]; lower left, in graphite: G de St Aubin [partially cut off]; verso, visible through transmitted light, lower left: [aif?]; lower left: Fragonard; lower right: 22 / [illegible] / 22; verso of secondary support, center, in graphite: N\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361355, "title": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections", "description": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (April 4-May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361508, "title": "Prints and Drawings by Gabriel de Saint-Aubin, 1724-1780", "description": "Prints and Drawings by Gabriel de Saint-Aubin, 1724-1780. Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT (March 7-April 13, 1975); The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 8, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222387, "title": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin", "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (October 30, 2007-January 27, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "French Painting, 1100-1900. Carnegie Institute, Department of Fine Arts, Pittsburgh, PA (October 18 - December 2, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Stage: A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association. Jacques Seligmann & Co, Inc., New York (April 3 - April 22, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-04-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John S. Thacher [1904-1982], Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Washington", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Listed as owner in Tietze 1947, 216. Letter in CMA curatorial files confirms that Thacher still owned the work in 1951. Most of Thacher's collection is now in the Morgan Library, New York; see Stephanie Wiles, \"The John S. Thacher Bequest,\" in Charles Ryskamp, ed. Twenty-First Report to the Fellows of the Pierpont Morgan Library 1984-1986 [New York, 1989], 311-13.
"], "date": "?-at least 1951", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Member of the Rothschild family", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
According to letter from Saemy Rosenberg, CMA archives.
"], "date": "?-by 1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin reused the female dancer in another drawing from 1760.", "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin was known for his rapidly executed, sketchy style, often used to depict performances and social scenes. The exaggerated lifted legs of the dancers seen here imply a comic, theatrical style; no social dance during the 18th century would have permitted such pronounced gestures, especially for a woman. Both dancers wear jackets with irregular hemlines decorated with round bells similar to those found on jesters\u2019 costumes. The lanterns and swags of flowers strung from trees and the small orchestra playing on the right suggest a guinguette, or outdoor tavern with a pleasure garden.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80041922"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.124-costumed-dancers-per"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Parker, K.T. \"Notes on Drawings: Gabriel de Saint-Aubin.\" Old Master Drawings 48 (March 1938): 58.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58; Reproduced: plate 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Stage: A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association. Exh. Cat. New York: Jacques Seligmann & Co., Inc., 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. European Master Drawings in the United States. New York: J.J. Augustin, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "French Painting, 1100-1900. Exh. Cat. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cailleux, Jean. \"An Unpublished Painting by Saint-Aubin: 'Le Bal champ\u00eatre.\" Burlington Magazine 102, no. 686 (May 1960): i-iv,", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. iii-iv", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" Artnews 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Collections et collectionneurs.\" La Chronique des Arts, suppl\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Gazette des Beaux-Arts 1173 (October 1966): 4-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"Gabriel de Saint-Aubin: F\u00eate in a Park with Costumed Dancers.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54 (September 1967): 215-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 215-218", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. French Master Drawings of the 17th & 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 208, no. 130; Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carlson, Victor, Ellen D'Oench, and Richard S. Field. Prints and Drawings by Gabriel De Saint-Aubin, 1724-1780. Exh. Cat. Middletown, CT: Davison Art Center, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 76-77, no. 41; Reproduced: 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n203"}, {"citation": "McCullagh, Suzanne Folds. \"The Development of Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (1724-1780) as a Draughtsman.\" PhD diss., Harvard University, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 183-185; Reproduced: no. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Beaumont, Kim. \"Reconsidering Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (1724-1780): The Background for his Scenes of Paris.\" PhD diss., New York University, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 318-319, 336 n. 326; Reproduced: p. 724", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 112-113, p. 289, no. 42; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B., Kim de Beaumont, Suzanne Folds McCullagh, et al. Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (1724-1780). Exh. Cat. New York: Frick Collection, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 49", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.124", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.124/1966.124_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "802", "filesize": "877561", "filename": "1966.124_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.124/1966.124_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2159", "filesize": "6842680", "filename": "1966.124_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.124/1966.124_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "3902", "filesize": "71951272", "filename": "1966.124_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142292, "creators": [{"id": 1960, "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (French, 1724\u20131780)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1780", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["F\u00eate in a Park with Costumed Dancers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:41.523000"}, {"id": 117026, "accession_number": "1937.571", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children): The Game of Bowls, 1797\u20131804. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash, over traces of black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper; image: 29.7 x 41.6 cm (11 11/16 x 16 3/8 in.); sheet: 35.5 x 47.3 cm (14 x 18 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1937.571", "current_location": null, "title": "The Game of Bowls", "series": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children)", "creation_date": "1797\u20131804", "creation_date_earliest": 1797, "creation_date_latest": 1804, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash, over traces of black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 29.7 x 41.6 cm (11 11/16 x 16 3/8 in.); Sheet: 35.5 x 47.3 cm (14 x 18 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.355, "width": 0.473}, "image": {"height": 0.297, "width": 0.416}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in brown ink: Dom\u00b0. Tiepolo f ; upper left, in brown ink: 20 ; upper left, in graphite: o ; lower right, in graphite: 20 [sideways] ; VERSO, upper right, in blue crayon: 3", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443086, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (organizer) (September 2-October 6, 1979); Stanford University Museum of Art, Stanford, CA (November 13-December 30, 1979); Frick Collection, New York, NY (January 22-March 30, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "The Tiepolos and Their World. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 212345, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman. Civici Musei e Gallerie di Storia ed Arte, Castello, Udine (September 14-December 31, 1996); Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (January 15-March 9, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224778, "title": "Comicity and Caricature in Tiepolo's Art", "description": "Comicity and Caricature in Tiepolo's Art. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy (September 3-December 5, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-09-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Baltimore Museum of Art, The Age of Elegance: Rococo and Its Effect (Apr. 25-June 14, 1959), no. 223.", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"End of Continuous Exhibition of CMA Old Master Drawings in Director's Corridor in Old Bldg.\" (closed Mar. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, installed, director's corridor (Oct. 19, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Five Centuries of Drawings (Oct. 15-Nov. 15, 1953), no. 67.", "opening_date": "1953-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (rearranged: Jan. 21, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 30-Dec. 8, 1950; rehung Jan. 8, 1951, \"with small changes\").", "opening_date": "1950-06-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May. 14, 1946- ).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (July 27, 1944- ).", "opening_date": "1944-07-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Paintings and Drawings from the Collection\" (Dec. 14, 1943-Jan. 4, 1944).", "opening_date": "1943-12-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (hung Oct. 13, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco?, Golden Gate International Exposition (May 25-Sep. 29, 1940), no. 499.--NOTE: from Reg. file: \"in a separate cat., \"Master Drawings,\" this is no. 100 (illus.)--publ. Art News (20 May 1939)\"--", "opening_date": "1940-05-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (Mar. 12-Apr. 21, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-03-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Life of Pulcinella\" Series (Mar. 30-Apr. 30, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection (June 21-Sep. 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-06-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Sotheby's, London, 6 July 1920, lot 41]; [Colnaghi & Co.]; Richard Owen, Paris (all Udine & Bloomington, 1996, p. 216, no. 155; see departmental card for 1937.569). Italico Brass, Venice (according to departmental card)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing is part of a larger series that depicts the life of Punchinello, a clown-like character derived from Italian popular theater.", "description": "Here, Punchinello characters sporting their signature conical hats and hooked-nosed masks compete against a group of men in a lively game of bocce,an Italian bowling game. While their exaggerated movements infuse the drawing with a sense of whimsy, the massive prison fortress behind them suggests surveillance and control. Although not overtly political, this detail may allude to Venice\u2019s fall to the French in 1797, which led to a ban on the commedia dell\u2019arte, Italy\u2019s popular theater tradition with its mocking Punchinellos.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746858"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1937.571-the-game-of-bowls"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the younger Tiepolo.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 26, no. 4 (April 1938): 46-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48; Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138005"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 575", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n107"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.571", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.571/1937.571_web.jpg", "width": "1190", "height": "893", "filesize": "228503", "filename": "1937.571_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.571/1937.571_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2551", "filesize": "1865394", "filename": "1937.571_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.571/1937.571_full.tif", "width": "7193", "height": "5397", "filesize": "116483920", "filename": "1937.571_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117026, "creators": [{"id": 1185, "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1797, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1797\u20131804", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:59.610000"}, {"id": 140413, "accession_number": "1964.357", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altarpiece with Relics, c. 1735\u201340. Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760), and Workshop. Gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper; overall: 165.1 x 108 x 20 cm (65 x 42 1/2 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.357", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Altarpiece with Relics", "creation_date": "c. 1735\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Bavaria, 18th century"], "technique": "gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 165.1 x 108 x 20 cm (65 x 42 1/2 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.651, "width": 1.08, "depth": 0.2}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, Styria, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Kurt Rossacher (1918-1988), Salzburg, Austria, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "G\u00f6tz covers every surface in gold leaf, giving each part of the object equal importance, rather than simply framing a central picture. In this distinctively Central European approach, figural narrative is subordinate to the overall ensemble. G\u00f6tz designed this object to rest on top of an altar, probably in front of a larger painted or sculpted decorative scheme. The work contains relics seen through the small windows on the perimeter. These small remains of holy figures demonstrate the persistence of a medieval Catholic tradition well into the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763587"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.357-altarpiece-with-reli"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"An Austrian Alterpiece.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIII, no. 12 (December, 1966): 361-366.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 360,362, front and back covers", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152126"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1426"}, {"citation": "\"Art - The Cleveland's Golden Show,\" Newsweek (September 12, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 7. Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110."}, {"citation": "Wolfgang Stechow, \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" ARTnews (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44; reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard. \u201cFifty Years of the Cleveland, Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\u201d Connoisseur 163 (October 1966): 128\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 132-133", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201c\u2018Golden Anniversary\u2019 Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d Burlington Magazine 108, no. 764 (November 1966): 573\u2013577.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 579, fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "M\u00f6ller, Lise, and Christian Theuerkauff. \"S\u00fcddeutschland, Passau oder Ober\u00f6sterreich, Um 1730, Hausaltar.\" In Die Bildwerke des 18. Jahrhunderts. Christian Theuerkauff, and Lise Lotte Mo\u0308ller, 3eds., 36-39. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt und Biermann, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Diemer, Claudia. Georg Raphael Donner: die Reliefs : Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakulta\u0308t der Ruprecht-Karl-Universita\u0308t zu Heidelberg. Nu\u0308rnberg, Germany: [publisher not identified], 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192; Mentioned: p. 282-283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baum, Elfriede. Katalog des O\u0308sterreichischen Barockmuseums im Unteren Belvedere in Wien. Vienna, Austria: Herold, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heisig, Alexander. Joseph Matthias Go\u0308tz: (1696-1760) : Barockskulptur in Bayern und O\u0308sterreich. Regensburg, Germany: Schnell + Steiner, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 348-349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.357", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "893", "filesize": "121976", "filename": "1964.357_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_print.jpg", "width": "2776", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1418859", "filename": "1964.357_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6112", "filesize": "91573080", "filename": "1964.357_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-06-23T13:45:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "598", "height": "893", "filesize": "380772"}, "print": {"url": 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"99884024"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-18T18:00:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "274264"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "1888312"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99884160"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-18T18:06:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "159568"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1520914"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99884048"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-18T19:15:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "893", "filesize": "99599"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2651", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1286963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357/1964.357_alt8_full.tif", "width": "4500", "height": "5770", "filesize": "77921508"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140413, "creators": [{"id": 12755, "description": "Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1760", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["House Altarpiece"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:30.872000"}, {"id": 144689, "accession_number": "1969.31", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts (\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377), 1736\u201370s. Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766), and others (Chinese). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.31", "current_location": null, "title": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377", "creation_date": "1736\u201370s", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); Painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.538, "width": 11.545}, "painting only": {"height": 0.53, "width": 6.883}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "9 seals of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736\u201395).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The Qianlong emperor had unrolled and viewed the scroll in his old age, as indicated by the impression of the seals he used after abdicating in 1796.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "The eighth month, first year of Qianlong [1736] \u4e7e\u9686\u5143\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5409\u65e5.\nThe Empress (Xiaoxian) \u7687\u540e (1712\u20131748), \nThe Guifei (Huixian) \u8cb4\u5983 (?-\u20131745), \nChunfei \u7d14\u5983 (1713\u20131760), \nJiafei \u5609\u5983 (?\u20131755), \nLingfei \u4ee4\u5983 (1727\u20131775), \nShufei \u8212\u5983 (1728\u20131777), \nQingbin \u6176\u5b2a (1724\u20131774), \nYingbin \u7a4e\u5b2a (1731\u20131800), \nXinbin \u5ffb\u5b2a (?\u20131764), \nDunfei \u60c7\u5983 (1746\u20131806), \nXunfei \u9806\u5983 (1749\u20131788), \nShunbin \u5faa\u5b2a (?\u20131797).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The inscription dates Qianlong\u2019s portrait to an auspicious day in the eight month, the first year of Qianlong (1736). He was twenty-six years old and had ascended the throne only a year earlier, following the death of his father the Yongzheng Emperor. \nNone of the wives was older than 20 at the time she was painted.", "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "The Twain Shall Meet. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227385, "title": "Art Under Emperor Ch'ien-lung", "description": "Art Under Emperor Ch'ien-lung. National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. (October 5-December 20, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2013-July 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-21T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperor Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1736\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, France. December 17\u201318, 1928 sale. Lot 329)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 17\u201318, 1928", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1966\u20131969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 144690, "description": "Carved Lacquer Scroll Box (\u96d5\u9f8d\u6f06\u5323), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Red carved lacquer on wood; overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.32", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lingfei \u4ee4\u5983 (1727\u20131775), the first consort depicted in the maroon or \u201cincense-colored\" \u9999\u8272 robe, was the mother of six of Qianlong\u2019s children, including the future Emperor Jiaqing.", "description": "This portrait shows the Qianlong emperor at 26, in the first year of his reign. His likeness is followed by portraits of the empress and eleven consorts. Their portraits document the appearances of the court women around the time when they received their respective imperial titles, which occurred at different stages of the emperor's life. The first three portraits were done by the Jesuit (Roman Catholic) missionary artist Giuseppe Castiglione, whereas the later ones were by Chinese court painters.
Formal portraiture contributed to the affirmation of status and construction of role and identity. This scroll served as both familial documentation and a \"mind picture\" of the Qianlong emperor, suggesting that his constructed image of emperorship was inseparable from concepts of self and family. It was stored in a carved red lacquer box bearing the original painting title Mind Picture of a Well-Governed and Tranquil Reign (see CMA 1969.32).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470589"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.31-portraits-of-the-qia"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "I\u00b0 Collection de M. J. Poberejsky (Premi\u00e8re Vente), Importante Suite de Pierres Dures de La Chine ..., II\u00b0 Appartenant \u00c0 Divers Amateurs, C\u00e9ramique de La Chine, Laques de P\u00e9kin, Sculptures Cambodgiennes et Siamoises, Importants Brule-Parfums et Paravent En \u00c9maux Cloisonn\u00e9s ..., Belle Suite de Peintures Provenant Du Palais Imp\u00e9rial (XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle) ... 17 and 18 December 1928 sale. Ho\u0302tel Drouot, Paris, France.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced; lot no. 329, pp. 34 and pl. XIV (between p. 32 and 33)", "url": ""}, {"citation": " Octagon III, No. 4 (Winter 1966). London: Spink & Son, pp. 12\u201313", "page_number": "pp. 12, 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1969.\u201d Archives of Asian Art, vol. 24, 1970, pp. 86\u2013117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111025"}, {"citation": "Beurdeley, Ce\u0301cile, and Michel Beurdeley. Giuseppe Castiglione, a Jesuit Painter at the Court of the Chinese Emperors. Rutland, Vt: C.E. Tuttle Co, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 41, 43, 98\u2013100, 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beurdeley, Ce\u0301cile, and Michel Beurdeley. \"Le fre\u0300re Castiglione.\" Connaissance des arts, 1971, 235, pp. 72\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toynbee, Arnold, and Else\u0301 Glahn. Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sung, Yu. \"A Comparison of Two Versions of the Ch\u00fc jui t'u \u805a\u745e\u5716 by Giuseppe Castiglione.\" National Palace Museum Bulletin \u6545\u5bae\u901a\u8a0a, XI, no. 3 (July-August 1976).", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 119\u2013122, cover pls., figs. 1, 2", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 358", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 355\u2013357, cat. no. 262", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bunker, Emma C., Dieter Kuhn and Ronald Y. Otsuka. Secret Splendors of the Chinese Court: Qing Dynasty Costume from the Charlotte Hill Grant Collection, Denver Art Museum, Stanton Gallery, December 30, 1981-March 21, 1982. Denver, CO: The Denver Art Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 355, fig. 60", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 8 (1990): 286\u2013323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 35, p. 322", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Garrett, Valery M. A Collector's Guide to Chinese Dress Accessories. Singapore: Times Editions, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 100\u2013101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paludan, Ann. Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 159 and 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, cat. no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spence, Jonathan D. The search for modern China. New York/London: W. W. Norton, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vollmer, John E. \"Clothed to Rule the Universe: Ming and Qing Dynasty Textiles at The Art Institute of Chicago.\" The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, 2000, pp. 13\u2013105.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 3", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/4104402"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 83, pp. 78-9; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chan Tat Chuen, William. A la table de l'empereur de Chine. Arles: \u00c9ditions Philippe Picquier, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berriedale-Johnson, Michelle. The British Museum Festive Feasts Cookbook. London: British Museum, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sale, Giovanni and Gauvin A Bailey. Ignazio e l'arte dei gesuiti. Milano: Jaca Book, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Chuimei, and Bennet Bronson. Splendors of China's Forbidden City: The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong. London: Merrell, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 203, p. 294", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Chuimei. \"The Relations between Qianlong and His Consorts: Stories of a Man with Forty Wives.\" Orientations 35, no. 2 (March 2004): pp. 66\u201373.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Chuimei . \"Building a Cultural Great Wall.\" Calliope, December 2004, Vol. 15 Issue 4, pp. 30\u201332.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 30\u201331", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hsi&AN=15325579&site=ehost-live."}, {"citation": "Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Mich\u00e8le. \u201cGiuseppe Castiglione Et Le Renouveau Du Portrait Imp\u00e9rial Au XVIII e. Arts Asiatiques, vol. 60, 2005, pp. 22\u201330.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 24. fig. 3", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/43484209"}, {"citation": "Elliott, Jeannette Shambaugh, and David L. Shambaugh. The odyssey of China's Imperial art treasures. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brummett, Palmira Johnson et al, eds. Civilization Past & Present, 11th edition, Volume B: 500-1815. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 602", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schoppa, R. Keith. Revolution and Its Past: Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History, 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. Noble patronage and Jesuit missions: Maria Theresia von Fugger-Wellenburg (1690-1762) and Jesuit missionaries in China and Vietnam. Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chen, Pao-chen \u9673\u8446\u771f. \"A Study of the Portraits of Emperor Qianlong and His Consorts and Its Related Problems \u300a\u5fc3\u5beb\u6cbb\u5e73\u300b\u2014 \u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u540e\u5983\u5b2a\u5716\u5377\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e.\" Mei shu shi yan jiu ji kan (Taida Journal of Art History = \u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u520a), no. 21 (September 2006): pp. 89\u2013150.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schoppa, R. Keith. East Asia: Identities and Change in the Modern World, 1700-Present. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elliott, Mark C. Emperor Qianlong: Son of Heaven, Man of the World. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fong, Wen, and Jerome Silbergeld, editor. Bridges to Heaven: Essays on East Asian Art in Honor of Professor Wen C. Fong. Princeton, NJ: P.Y. and Kinmay W. Tang Center for East Asian Art, Dept. of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 336\u2013337, 344, figs 1 & 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleutghen, Kristina. \"Contemplating Eternity: An Illusionistic Portrait of the Qianlong Emperor's Heir.\" Orientations, 42, Number 4 (May 2011).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 77, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cover and pp. 216\u2013217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. Ai Weiwei: Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads: July 27, 2013-January 26, 2014, the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18, fig. 3 (detail); pp. 26\u201327, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 53 no. 05, September/October 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 14\u201315", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05/page/14"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 434\u2013439", "url": null}, {"citation": "Xu, Jay and Li He, eds. Emperors' Treasures: Chinese Art from the National Palace Museum, Taipei. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clunas, Craig. Chinese Painting and Its Audiences. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 218\u2013219, fig. 6.30", "url": null}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \u201cThe Power of Writing: A new display in the Chinese galleries focuses on inscriptions.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 5 (September/October 2018): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-05/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Wang, Daisy Yiyou. \"Deciphering Portraits of Qing Empresses.\" In Empresses of China's Forbidden City: 1644-1912. Daisy Yiyou Wang, and Jan Stuart, eds., 88\u2013109. Salem, Massachusetts: Peabody Essex Museum; Washington, DC: Freer/Sackler, Smithsonian Institution, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 101, 144; Reproduced: p. 103, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wang, Daisy Yiyou. \"Family, Gender and Power: Portraying Qing Imperial Women.\" Arts of Asia, vol. 49, no. 1 (January-February 2019): pp. 20\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, pp. 20\u201321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vinograd, Richard Ellis. Facing China: Truth and Memory in Portraiture. London: Reaktion Books, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 28\u201329, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wang, Liangming. \"A World Dotted with Kingfisher Blue: Feather Tributes and the Qing Court.\" in Social Lives of Chinese Objects, edited by Alice Bianchi and Lyce Jankowski, 228\u2013267. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 264, fig. 7.20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Xiaofei Tian, Richard von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 366, no. 200", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.31", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.31/1969.31_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "854", "filesize": "666671", "filename": "1969.31_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.31/1969.31_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2300", "filesize": "4896460", "filename": "1969.31_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.31/1969.31_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4511", "filesize": "90272568", "filename": "1969.31_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-03-03T20:04:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.31/1969.31_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "94", "filesize": "100451"}, "print": {"url": 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Worcester Porcelain Factory (British, established 1751). Soft-paste porcelain; face: 11.5 x 27.7 cm (4 1/2 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Given in memory of John MacGregor Jr. and Mary Folger MacGregor, by Mrs. John F. McGuire, 1938.331", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Punch Bowl", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Worcester"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Face: 11.5 x 27.7 cm (4 1/2 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"face": {"height": 0.115, "width": 0.277}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Julia Folger MacGregor McGuire (Mrs. John Francis) [1869-1945] New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The subtle scale-like pattern on this dish was closely associated with porcelain designs from Worcester during the 1700s.", "description": "Encircling the exterior of this bowl are four segments containing fanciful birds with wide eyes, long necks, and colorful feathers. Both the birds and their frames were inspired by Chinese motifs that had been adapted and popularized by the French. During the 1700s, punch drinking was well suited for large social gatherings and served as a popular alternative to tea drinking. In fact, the exotic birds and scrolling cartouches featured on this porcelain punch bowl also adorned many of Worcester\u2019s tea services.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747758"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.331-punch-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"A Worcester Punch Bowl.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 25, no. 9 (November 1938): 164-165.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137962"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 67, no. 71", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.331", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "519127", "filename": "1938.331_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4393892", "filename": "1938.331_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_full.tif", "width": "3985", "height": "3188", "filesize": "38143256", "filename": "1938.331_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-14T18:41:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1240", "height": "893", "filesize": "565796"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2448", "filesize": "3959819"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5430", "height": "3910", "filesize": "63724532"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-14T18:33:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "884", "filesize": "556287"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2379", "filesize": "3784232"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5608", "height": "3924", "filesize": "66047732"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-14T18:52:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "561460"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2389", "filesize": "3866775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5520", "height": "3879", "filesize": "64266388"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-14T18:59:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1245", "height": "893", "filesize": "578429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2438", "filesize": "4043923"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.331/1938.331_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "3900", "filesize": "63678468"}}], "creditline": "Given in memory of John MacGregor Jr. and Mary Folger MacGregor, by Mrs. John F. McGuire", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117714, "creators": [{"id": 14375, "description": "Worcester Porcelain Factory (British, established 1751)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "The longest-lived and considered one of the best English porcelain factories, the Worcester factory was founded in 1751. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1952.84", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Diameter: 11 cm (4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.11}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "The Imagination of Primitive Man. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Brooklyn Museum (10/18/1954 - 1/2/1955): \"Masterpieces of African Art\"", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City (1/18/1962 - 2/25/1962): \"The Imagination of Primitive Man\"", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art at The Museum of Contemporary Art, Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Cecil Hamilton Armitage, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1900", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131952", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold miners from the Akan region once mined gold to make local objects like this and to supply gold for trade across trans-Saharan routes and into places as far away as Europe.", "description": "Gold discs dangling on the chests of Akan state officials and elites showed their rank and duties. Worn by these akrafo (\u201csoul people\u201d) since the 1800s, they are often linked to kradware, officials who represent and purify (\u201cwash\u201d) the king\u2019s soul. To make them, goldsmiths cast or flattened gold. Muslim North African gold coins likely inspired their form and material, while concentric water rings influenced their composition. This small disc is typical of pre-colonial examples. Gold ornament making ceased until 1924; court officials now wear large discs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912055"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.84-disk-pendant-akrafok"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ratton, Charles. \u00ab Les bijoux en forme de disque etc. \u00bb Special Issue, Pr\u00e9sence Africaine : L'Art N\u00e8gre 10-11. Paris : Aux Editions du Seuil (1951)", "page_number": "Ill. opp. p. 129, no. 53; text p. 146.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jopling, Carol F., ed. Art and Aesthetics in Primitive Societies. NY: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1971: 66.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Simms, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006: 32.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World. Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 34", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.84", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_web.jpg", "width": "869", "height": "900", "filesize": "240106", "filename": "1952.84_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_print.jpg", "width": "3281", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2893468", "filename": "1952.84_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_full.tif", "width": "9060", "height": "9388", "filesize": "255195536", "filename": "1952.84_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-06-12T15:19:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.84/1952.84_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "946", "height": "893", "filesize": "653385"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.84/1952.84_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3209", "filesize": "2197002"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.84/1952.84_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4226", "height": "3988", "filesize": "50580928"}}, {"date_created": "2025-10-02T22:15:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.84/1952.84_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "900", "filesize": "248711"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.84/1952.84_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3349", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3179485"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.84/1952.84_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9246", "height": "9388", "filesize": "260434424"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130309, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soul Disk Pendant (krakonmu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:26.914000"}, {"id": 122341, "accession_number": "1942.638", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Marquise d'Aguirandes, 1759. Fran\u00e7ois Hubert Drouais (French, 1727\u20131775). Oil on canvas; framed: 138.6 x 111.9 x 13.7 cm (54 9/16 x 44 1/16 x 5 3/8 in.); unframed: 101 x 85.6 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.638", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of the Marquise d'Aguirandes", "creation_date": "1759", "creation_date_earliest": 1759, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 138.6 x 111.9 x 13.7 cm (54 9/16 x 44 1/16 x 5 3/8 in.); Unframed: 101 x 85.6 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.386, "width": 1.119, "depth": 0.137}, "unframed": {"height": 1.01, "width": 0.856}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: \"Drouais fecit 1759\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 217080, "title": "Paris: Life & Luxury", "description": "Paris: Life & Luxury. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 26-August 7, 2011); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (September 18, 2011-January 1, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Representative Art through the Ages. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8- December 2, 1928).", "opening_date": "1928-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exhibition of French Art form 1200-1900, Roual Academy of Arts, Burlington House, London (January 4-March 5, 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "20th Anniversary Exhibition, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 26-October 12, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portraits: Mirror of Man, The Winnipeg Art Gallery, Canada (September 30 to October 28, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-09-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Rococo Age: French Masterpieces of the 18th Century, The High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (5 October-31 December 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Magic Mirror: the Portrait in France 1700-1900, Houston Museum of Fine Arts, TX (October 10, 1986-January 25, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-10-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "M. de Callieux, Lyons, France, descendant of the sitter", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John L. Severance (1863-1936), Cleveland Heights, OH, purchased from CMA exhibition, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1936", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance Collection, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-1942", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Like many French portraitists active during the ancien r\u00e9gime, Fran\u00e7ois-Hubert Drouais was skilled at veiling the physical imperfections of his subjects. This portrait certainly has this quality: the face has been idealized, smoothed, and perfected, but the focus of the painting is less on the Marquise and more on her elegant gown, which is a particularly fine rendering of eighteenth-century printed cloth, with the brilliant gold and white fabric strewn with meticulously detailed flowers and lace.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514804"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.638-portrait-of-the-marq"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wildenstein, George \"Le XVIIIe Siecle,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, vol. VII (January 1932).", "page_number": "p. 65, fig. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le\u0301on, Paul, W.G. Constable, and Trenchard Cox. Exhibition of French art, 1200-1900 [second ed.]. London: Burlington House, 1932.", "page_number": "no. 249, cat. no. 160", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, George \"Paintings from America in the French Exhibition,\" Fine Arts, vol XIX (January 193?).", "page_number": "p. 26, repr. p. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of French Art, 1200-1900. London: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Connoisseur (November 1934).", "page_number": "p. 335", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. Meisterwerke europa\u0308ischer Malerei in Amerika, mit u\u0308ber 300 Kupfertiefdrucktafeln. Wien: Phaidon-Verlag, 1935.", "page_number": "p. 259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 58, p. 32. repr. plate IV", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken., W. M. \"World Art at Cleveland,\" American Magazine of Art, XXIX (July 1936).", "page_number": "p. 435", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Art News, (June 13, 1936).", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [20], Plate VIII, cat. no. 4; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Art Digest, vol. XVII (December 1, 1942).", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cDepartment of Paintings.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 9 (1942).", "page_number": "pp. 130, 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen \"The John L Severance Collection at Cleveland,\" Connoisseur, CXI (March 1943).", "page_number": "pp. 61, 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum,\" Life Magazine, (September 20, 1943).", "page_number": "p. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n39"}, {"citation": "Kertesz, M. Wagner de. Historia universal de las joyas. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Centurion, 1945.", "page_number": "p. 513", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond de, and Jules de Goncourt. French XVIII Century Painters. New York: Phaidon, 1948.", "page_number": "p. v", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. 1955.", "page_number": "p. 231, no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Winnipeg Art Gallery. Portraits, Mirror of Man: [Exhibition] September 30 to October 28, 1956. Winnipeg: The Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": "cat. no. 24, pp. 1, 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 483", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "\"Francois Boucher review of Gunnar W Lundberg's Alexander Roslin: Liv och verk (sa vie et son oeuvre)\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, LVI (1960).", "page_number": "p. 243, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. Style, Truth, and the Portrait. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "cat. no. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ruth \"Features-Special Events,\" (\"Portraits in Cleveland\"), Antiques, vol. LXXXIV (October 1963).", "page_number": "p. 464", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"The Artist View of Man: Portraiture Through Four Centuries,\" the Illustrated London News, vol. 243 (October 5, 1963).", "page_number": "p. 521", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spar, Francis, \"La Lettre d'information de Francis Spar: Les nouveaux go\u00fbts,\" Connaissance des Arts, no. 140 (October 1963).", "page_number": "p. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boucher, Franc\u0327ois. Histoire du costume en Occident, de l'antiquite\u0301 a nos jours, [par] Franc\u031cois Boucher. [Paris]: Flammarion, 1965.", "page_number": "p. 297, fig. 716", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "\"Apollo Magazine\" advertisement, Art In America, (May-June 1967).", "page_number": "p. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66; Mentioned: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zafran, Eric. The Rococo Age: French Masterpieces of the Eighteenth Century. Atlanta, Ga: High Museum of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "cat. no. 33, pp. 73, 88", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M., and Mary Tavener Holmes. A Magic Mirror: The Portrait in France, 1700-1900 : the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, October 12, 1986-January 25, 1987. Houston, Tex: The Museum, 1986.", "page_number": "cat. no. 13, p. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Kindai Bijutsukan, and Kyo\u0304to Fukushoku Bunka Kenkyu\u0304 Zaidan. Karei na kakumei: rokoko to shin koten no isho\u0304 ten : 1989-nen 4-gatsu 4-nichi--5-gatsu 28-nichi, Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Kindai Bijutsukan. [Kyoto]: Kyo\u0304to Fukushoku Bunka Kenkyu\u0304 Zaidan, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ribeiro, Aileen. Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Pls. 92-93, 105, pp. 140, 143, 156", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeJean, Joan. \"Extravagent display: Paris Life and Luxury\". Antiques (May/June 2011).", "page_number": "p. 145, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bremer-David, Charissa. Paris: Life & Luxury in the Eighteenth Century. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011.", "page_number": "Fig. 63, p. 106", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.638", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "893", "filesize": "451739", "filename": "1942.638_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_print.jpg", "width": "2749", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5864415", "filename": "1942.638_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_full.tif", "width": "3924", "height": "4853", "filesize": "57162604", "filename": "1942.638_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-01-24T20:47:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.638/1942.638_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "544665"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.638/1942.638_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6500129"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.638/1942.638_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3991", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59890776"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122341, "creators": [{"id": 1921, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Hubert Drouais (French, 1727\u20131775)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1775", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1759, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1759", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Comtesse d'Aiguirande de Pouligny", "La Marquis d'Aiguirandes", "Portrait of la Marquis d'Aguirandes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:47.159000"}, {"id": 124796, "accession_number": "1946.277", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for \"The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian\" (for the Augustinian monastery at Diessen, Germany), 1739. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 67.5 x 45.5 x 6 cm (26 9/16 x 17 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 51.7 x 31.7 cm (20 3/8 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1946.277", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Study for \"The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian\" (for the Augustinian monastery at Diessen, Germany)", "creation_date": "1739", "creation_date_earliest": 1739, "creation_date_latest": 1739, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67.5 x 45.5 x 6 cm (26 9/16 x 17 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 51.7 x 31.7 cm (20 3/8 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.675, "width": 0.455, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.517, "width": 0.317}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 356660, "title": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century", "description": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century. Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 30-November 2, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "The Venetian Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "The Tiepolos and Their World. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335892, "title": "Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch", "description": "Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (September 18-December 12, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380181, "title": "Heaven on Earth (Tiepolo in W\u00fcrzburg)", "description": "Heaven on Earth (Tiepolo in W\u00fcrzburg). W\u00fcrzburg Residenz (organizer) (February 14-May 19, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts and John Herron Art Museum (Indianapolis), 1952.: Venice, 1700\u20141800, An Exhibition of Venice and the Eighteenth Century, cat. no. 66;", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956. Akron Art Institute, October 1-October 31, 1957: \"Masterpieces Series,\" (no cat.)", "opening_date": "1957-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wurzburg, Germany, State Gallery of the Wurzburg Residence, February 14-May 19, 1996: \"Tiepolo in Wurzburg,\" cat. #.", "opening_date": "1996-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paintings, Drawings and Prints by the Two Tiepolos, Giambattista and Giandomenico. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venetian Painting from the Fifteenth Century through the Eighteenth Century. Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sale, Munich, 1804, unsold and then transferred to the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
After the secularization of the monasteries, including the one at Diessen, many works were transferred immediately to the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie (the predecessor of the Bayerische Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen), while others first went to the Conservatorium der aufgehobenen Kl\u00f6ster, a depot in the Theatiner monastery (today, Odeonsplatz). From there they were auctioned off, and if they failed to sell, as was the case with the Tiepolo (lot 1084), they were given to the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie; the Tiepolo was transferred there on August 20, 1804. This auction had no printed catalogue, only a handwritten list currently at the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv in Munich.
"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Bayerischen Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen, Munich, deaccessioned and sold at auction", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Soon after it was transported to Schlei\u00dfheim castle, a repository for the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie\u2019s rapidly growing holdings, on August 20, 1804 the Tiepolo was entered as No. 2186 in the \"Zweibr\u00fccker Nachtragsinventar,\" the inventory of the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie's acquisitions. Tiepolo\u2019s sketch for \u201cThe Stoning of St. Stephen\u201d was No. 2187 in the inventory. In the new inventory of 1822, the \u201cSt. Sebastian\u201d and \u201cSt. Stephen\u201d were listed as Nos. 4150 and 4151, respectively.
"], "date": "1804-1852", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale, Schloss Schlei\u00dfheim, Augsburg, April 13-23, 1852, lot 16, sold to \u201cEberle\u201d)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Both Tiepolo sketches for Diessen were sold by the Bayerischen Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen (formerly the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie) at auction in 1852. The \u201cSaint Stephen\u201d was sold to a \u201cVicentini\u201d or \u201cVecentini.\u201d
"], "date": "1852", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Possibly Robert Eberle [1815-1860], Munich, probably by descent to a Vienna collector1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1\u201cEberle,\u201d the name listed as the buyer in the inventory of the 1852 sale, may be Robert Eberle, a painter living in Munich. This would be consistent with the fact that a Munich family (Eberle?) is mentioned in \"Dr. Fr\u00f6hlich\u2019s\" (likely Otto Fr\u00f6hlich, a Jewish art dealer who focused on works by the Old Masters) letter of Oct. 27, 1928 to Seligmann as having owned the painting. Robert\u2019s son Adolf, also a painter, had an art collection as well (his collection was sold on June 6, 1916), but given that Fr\u00f6hlich says that the painting passed, by inheritance (\u201cErbgang\u201d), to a collector in Vienna \u2013 presumably a relative of Eberle - in the second half of the nineteenth century, it is more likely that only Robert owned it, as Adolf died in 1914.
"], "date": "1852-1860", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Collector, Vienna, sold to a \u201cminor collector\u201d1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1According to Fr\u00f6hlich's letter to Seligmann of Oct. 27, 1928, the Viennese collector was a \u201cwell-positioned official\u201d (\u201choheren Beamten\u201d) who sold the painting to a \u201cminor collector\u201d (\u201ckleiner Sammler\u201d) in 1921.
"], "date": "Late 19th century -1921", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "\u201cMinor collector,\u201d Vienna, probably sold or consigned to Galerie Fr\u00f6hlich1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1Fr\u00f6hlich\u2019s letter to Seligmann says that the Tiepolo was acquired in 1921 by a \u201cminor collector and distrustful odd, old man.\u201d Fr\u00f6hlich notes that several years prior to 1928, the owner entrusted the Tiepolo to a Swiss dealer who was going to show the painting to a collector interested in the painting. It does not appear, however, that any transactions were made involving this dealer or collector. Because Fr\u00f6hlich never mentions the name Kadisch, it is unlikely that the unidentified old man is Kadisch; a more likely scenario is that Seligmann sold the painting to Kadisch and that it was somehow returned to Seligmann by 1937/1938 (see note 9).
"], "date": "1921-1928?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Galerie Fr\u00f6hlich, Vienna, sold to Jacques Seligmann & Co.)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1Correspondence between Dr. Fr\u00f6hlich and Jacques Seligmann from 1928 indicates that Fr\u00f6hlich sold the painting to Seligmann in 1928.
"], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, NY, probably sold to Dr. Max Kadisch)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1Because Fr\u00f6hlich does not mention Kadisch in his account of the painting\u2019s recent provenance, and because it is in the Seligmann records that we first see a reference to Kadisch, it seems probable that Fr\u00f6hlich did not acquire the painting from Kadisch (and thus, Kadisch is not the \u201codd, old man\u201d referred to by Fr\u00f6hlich). Rather, because the Tiepolo appears in the Seligmann records under two different inventory numbers, it seems that Seligmann likely sold the painting to Kadisch sometime after 1928 (inv. no. 4370, 1928-1929 Seligmann stock book) and then, the painting made its way back to Seligmann from Kadisch, perhaps after the latter\u2019s death, which had occurred by 1938, according to Lili Fr\u00f6hlich-Bume's article published that year. It should be noted, however, that a review of the Seligmann credit/debit records, ledgers, stock books, and purchase receipts from 1928-1936, do not reveal any reference to the Tiepolo, and thus a sale to Kadisch has not been pinpointed.
"], "date": "1928-by 1930?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Probably Dr. Max Kadisch, Vienna, to Jacques Seligmann & Co.1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The Seligmann & Co. file on the Tiepolo lists the last owner as \u201cDr. Max Kadisch\u201d of Vienna; beyond this information, nothing is known about Kadisch, but research continues. There is an unconfirmed reference in the museum\u2019s files that the painting was with Kadisch by 1930. Lili Fr\u00f6hlich-Bume comments in her 1938 article in the Burlington Magazine that the Tiepolo \u201cturned up a few years ago in the collection of the late Dr. Kadisch at Vienna,\u201d suggesting that Kadisch had the painting more recently than prior to 1928, further supporting Kadisch\u2019s not having been the \u201codd, old man\u201d from whom Fr\u00f6hlich acquired the painting. There is, however, no reference in the Seligmann records to the painting\u2019s having gone back and forth between Seligmann and Kadisch.
"], "date": "By 1930? - 1917/1938", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The painting was back with Seligmann & Co. by 1937/1938, when it is listed in the stock book with inv. no. 6508. The Tiepolo also appears, under the same inventory number, in the list of \u201cWorks of Art Sold or Taken out of Stock 1946-1948.\u201d
"], "date": "1937/1938 - 1946", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio\n \nDelia E. Holden and L.E. Holden Funds", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In 1739 a pair of monumental altarpieces by two Venetian painters (Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Giambattista Pittoni) were installed in a church in southern Germany, part of a carefully orchestrated decorative program that included architecture, painting, sculpture, and decorative stuccowork. This sketch is Tiepolo\u2019s initial design for his altarpiece, submitted for approval before beginning the final work. With quick, assured brushstrokes, he represents the Christian martyr Sebastian bound to a tree and shot with arrows, flooded with radiant light to symbolize his devotion to his faith.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.277-study-for-the-martyr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, 1928-1946, 1910. Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, undated. Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock Catalogs, New York Office: Stock Catalog, 1937-1938, Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 6.1: Stock Catalogs, New York Office, 1923-1971, undated. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lili Fr\u00f6hlich-Bume, \u201cNotes on some works by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo,\u201d Burlington Magazine 72 (Jan.-June 1938): 82.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, 1928-1946, 1910. Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, undated. Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock Catalogs, New York Office: Stock Catalog, 1937-1938, Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 6.1: Stock Catalogs, New York Office, 1923-1971, undated. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "(Otto?) Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Otto Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "(Otto?) Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cDie sogenannte Schlei\u00dfheimer Versteigerung - Liste aller Inventarnummern,\u201d Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte, http://www.zikg.eu/photothek/projekte/schleissheimer-versteigerung/pdf, retrieved Jan. 27, 201", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "(Otto?) Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cDie sogenannte Schlei\u00dfheimer Versteigerung - Liste aller Inventarnummern,\u201d Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte, http://www.zikg.eu/photothek/projekte/schleissheimer-versteigerung/pdf, retrieved Jan. 27, 2014.
", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sack, Edward. Giambattista und Domenico Tiepolo: ihr leben und ihre werke. Hamburg, Germany: H. v. Clarmanns Kunstverlag, 1910.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187; no. 318", "url": null}, {"citation": "Froelich-Bume, L. \"Notes on Some Works by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.\" Burlington Magazine LXXII, no. 419 (February 1938): 82-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 1A; mentioned: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Middeldorf, Ulrich. \"Eine Tiepolo-Ausstellung in Chicago.\" Pantheon xxi (May 1938): 139-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 426; Mentioned: p. 425-427", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Tiepolo's Modello for The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian at Kiessen, \" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIV, no. 1(January 1947)", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 3-4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. \"Giovan Battista Tiepolo.\" L'Illustrazione Italiana VI (1951): 59.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"Una mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit,\" Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte VII (1953): 49-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. Merchants of Art: 1880-1960; Eighty Years of Professional Collecting. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. A Complete Catalogue of the Paintings of G.B. Tiepolo. London, UK: Phaidon Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Anna.L'opera completa di Giambattista Tiepolo. Milano, IT: Rizzoli, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, no. 125a; vol. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 196, 449, 574", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n164"}, {"citation": "Brown, Beverly Louise, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Terisio Pignatti, Oreste Ferrari, and Teresa Longyear. Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch. Milan: Electa, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 45, p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kru\u0308ckmann, Peter Oluf. Tiepolo in Wu\u0308rzburg: der Himmel auf Erden. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Prestel, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126-127; pl. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petzet, Michael, Susanne Bo\u0308ning-Weis, Karlheinz Hemmeter, and York Langenstein. Monumental: Festschrift fu\u0308r Michael Petzet zum 65. Geburtstag am 12. April 1998. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Bayerisches Landesamt fu\u0308r Denkmalpflege, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 626", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pedrocco, Filippo. Tiepolo: the complete paintings. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.277", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_web.jpg", "width": "518", "height": "893", "filesize": "388114", "filename": "1946.277_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_print.jpg", "width": "1974", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6255723", "filename": "1946.277_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_full.tif", "width": "3806", "height": "6554", "filesize": "74862124", "filename": "1946.277_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-01-18T16:56:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "535", "height": "893", "filesize": "376099"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2038", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5276048"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3396", "height": "5665", "filesize": "57747752"}}, {"date_created": "2010-11-10T13:52:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "393818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2356", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5956878"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3834", "height": "5532", "filesize": "63657612"}}, {"date_created": "2010-11-10T13:34:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "433892"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2495", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6324675"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.277/1946.277_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4320", "height": "5886", "filesize": "76315972"}}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 124796, "creators": [{"id": 2329, "description": "Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1739, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1739", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:49.426000"}, {"id": 125723, "accession_number": "1947.62", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Budai or Hotei with Jar, c. 1735\u201340. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1947.62", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure of Budai or Hotei with Jar", "creation_date": "c. 1735\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Chantilly, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.172}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Mark of the Chantilly factory (red hunting horn), on bottom]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1735, the Chantilly factory was given a 25-year royal privilege for the manufacture of objects that imitated Japanese porcelain.", "description": "The production of decorative figures like this one, referred to as magots or pagodes in European texts, was the result of an 18th-century European interest in Chinese and Japanese culture and porcelain. Budai, pronounced Hotei in Japanese, was a semilegendary Chinese monk known in Japan through the transmission of Chan Bhuddism. This figure\u2019s decoration with multicolor overglaze enamels on a milky-white is typical of Japanese Kakiemon style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757149"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.62-figure-of-budai-or-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"French Soft-Paste Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 34 (December 1947).", "page_number": "p. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain of France.\" The Art Quarterly XI (Autumn 1948).", "page_number": "p. 336, 343, 344, 347; fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ballu, Nicole. \"Influence de l'Extre\u0302me-Orient sur le style de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle.\" Cahiers de la ce\u0301ramique et des arts du feu: Revue trimestrielle 1958: 100-112.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 1, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 253; no. 768", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60, fig. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Vivian S. Hawes, and Christina S. Corsiglia. The Rita & Frits Markus Collection of European Ceramics & Enamels. Boston, Mass: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 163-65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "D'Agliano, Andreina. \"Eine ho\u0308chst seltene Porzellan-Statuette aus Chantilly\". Keramos 112 (April 1986): 3-8.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevie\u0300ve. Porcelaine tendre de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle: he\u0301ritages des manufactures de Rouen, Saint-Cloud et Paris et influences sur les autres manufactures de XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Hazan, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 89-99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Linda Horvitz Roth, and Clare Le Corbeiller. French Eighteenth-Century Porcelain at the Wadsworth Atheneum: The J. Pierpont Morgan Collection. Hartford, CT: Wadsworth Atheneum, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 40-41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Corbeiller, Clare. \"A Chantilly Magot with Globe: Suggested Evolution of a Model.\" The French Porcelain Society Journal 1 (2003): 91-101.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brunel, Georges. Pagodes et dragons: exotisme et fantaisie dans l'Europe rococo, 1720-1770. Paris: Paris-Muse\u0301es, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 160; no. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_web.jpg", "width": "865", "height": "900", "filesize": "215428", "filename": "1947.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_print.jpg", "width": "3268", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1334731", "filename": "1947.62_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_full.tif", "width": "6938", "height": "7218", "filesize": "150262412", "filename": "1947.62_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-19T19:56:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.62/1947.62_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "850", "height": "900", "filesize": "132895"}, "print": {"url": 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"width": "6938", "height": "7267", "filesize": "151282232"}}], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125723, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-04-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Chinese with a Pot", "Figure of a Chinese with Jar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:22.600000"}, {"id": 117768, "accession_number": "1938.388.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Flying Angel (recto), 1723\u201327. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk ; sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.388.a", "current_location": null, "title": "A Flying Angel (recto)", "creation_date": "1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1727, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk ", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper (discolored)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.563, "width": 0.426}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356657, "title": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice", "description": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (April 20-June 15, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361625, "title": "Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy", "description": "Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (January 1-31, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nov. 1938.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Venetian blue paper (carta azzurra) of this sheet was the preferred medium for preparatory drawings among artists in Venice at the time this drawing was made.", "description": "This drawing was completed in preparation for the most prestigious religious commission of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta\u2019s career, the ceiling painting of the Glory of St. Dominic for the church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. Both the finished painting, which depicts St. Dominic\u2019s arrival in heaven amid a thundery vortex, and Piazzetta\u2019s study for the angel, who carries St. Dominic on a cloud, depart from Venetian tradition. To execute this airborne subject, he likely drew from wax or clay models suspended in midair in order to study the illusionistic di sotto in su (from below to above) perspective and the play of light found on the angel\u2019s shadowed form. He worked out the angel\u2019s twisting pose, imbuing it with a lively sense of movement, and accentuated the drapery\u2019s folds with heavy lines as though considering their visibility from afar. There are only slight changes in the angel\u2019s pose between this drawing and the completed painting. As few of Piazzetta\u2019s preparatory studies for paintings exist, Cleveland\u2019s sheet offers rare insight to the artist\u2019s working methods.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012478"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.388.a-a-flying-angel-recto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cCleveland: A Museum\u2019s New Acquisitions.\u201d The Art News 38, no. 40 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Millikan, William M. \u201cTwo Drawings by Piazzetta.\u201d Burlington Magazine 76, no. 444 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 88-89, pl. C", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Drawings by Piazzetta.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 27, no. 7 (1940): 108-109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Museum of Art. Venice in the Eighteenth Century (May 7- June 10, 1948). Cambridge: Harvard University, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cExhibition of Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy.\u201d Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 8, no. 2 (1951).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 54, no. 12.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 54, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Leslie. \u201cThe Paintings of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta.\u201d Doctoral diss., New York University, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo and Adriano Mariuz. L\u2019opera completa del Piazzetta. Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 84 no. 37a, p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George. Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, cat. no. 15; Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Puglisi, Catherine R. \u201cPiazzetta\u2019s Glory of Saint Dominic.\u201d Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell\u2019Arte 41 (1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 210, p. 15 n. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 166, 480, no. 87.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scir\u00e9, Giovanna Nepi, et al. Splendori del Settecento Veneziano. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 199, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. Tiepolo and His Circle: Drawings in American Collections. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4, 60-61, 86; Reproduced: P. 61, cat. no. 20", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.388.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "234507", "filename": "1938.388.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3962538", "filename": "1938.388.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_full.tif", "width": "9523", "height": "12439", "filesize": "355400034", "filename": "1938.388.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "893", "filesize": "451373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2016", "filesize": "2541051"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2016", "filesize": "9293140"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-22T14:46:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "287272"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4759243"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9523", "height": "12439", "filesize": "355400914"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117768, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1938.388", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Angel"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:54.452000"}, {"id": 97997, "accession_number": "1917.627", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Candelabra Depicting Allegorical Figures of Liberty and Matrimony, c. 1775. Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; part 1: 31.1 x 25.7 x 15.6 cm (12 1/4 x 10 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.); part 2: 32.4 x 25.6 x 14.2 cm (12 3/4 x 10 1/16 x 5 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.627", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Candelabra Depicting Allegorical Figures of Liberty and Matrimony", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, London, Chelsea"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 31.1 x 25.7 x 15.6 cm (12 1/4 x 10 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.); Part 2: 32.4 x 25.6 x 14.2 cm (12 3/4 x 10 1/16 x 5 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.311, "width": 0.257, "depth": 0.156}, "part 2": {"height": 0.324, "width": 0.256, "depth": 0.142}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The canopy of foliage surrounding these figures was inspired by the arbors popular in theatrical stage designs during the mid-1700s.", "description": "This pair of allegorical figures depicts the attributes of solitude and marriage as a shepherd and shepherdess adorned in richly patterned designs. Here \u201cLiberty\u201d (the shepherd), is accompanied by a dog and a bird that perches on his outstretched arm. In contrast \u201cMatrimony\u201d (the shepherdess) holds a birdcage in one hand and subtly directs the viewer\u2019s gaze toward the sheep resting nearby with the other.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750270"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.627-pair-of-candelabra-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925. Only Candelabrum with Shepherd and Dog (1917.627.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928. Only Candelabrum with Shepherd and Dog (1917.627.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 (February 1928): 57-59.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.627", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "605", "filesize": "269759", "filename": "1917.627_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2287", "filesize": "1609663", "filename": "1917.627_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_full.tif", "width": "6722", "height": "4522", "filesize": "91218256", "filename": "1917.627_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-01-16T16:15:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.627/1917.627_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "900", "filesize": "179121"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.627/1917.627_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1285079"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.627/1917.627_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3543", "height": "4454", "filesize": "47368356"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97997, "creators": [{"id": 18307, "description": "Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "the Chelsea-Derby period began in 1770, when William Duesbury, one of the owners of the Derby Factory, acquried the Chelsea factory, and lasted until he closed it in 1784. During these years the products of both factories bore the same mark.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:34.634000"}, {"id": 124084, "accession_number": "1944.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Declaration of Love, c. 1720. Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743). Oil on canvas; framed: 103 x 90.5 x 9 cm (40 9/16 x 35 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 80.1 x 64 cm (31 9/16 x 25 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.86", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Declaration of Love", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 103 x 90.5 x 9 cm (40 9/16 x 35 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 80.1 x 64 cm (31 9/16 x 25 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.03, "width": 0.905, "depth": 0.09}, "unframed": {"height": 0.801, "width": 0.64}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "The Venetian Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 215208, "title": "Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century France", "description": "Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century France. Hood Museum of Art (organizer) (October 4, 1997-January 4, 1998); The Toledo Museum of Art (February 14-May 8, 1998); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (May 26-August 18, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, 1934: \"Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1944: \"Exhibition of the Eliabeth Severance Prentiss Collection,\" cat. no. 8, p. 25, color frontispiece.", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Arts, February 4-March 5, 1949: \"Hats in History,\" cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1949-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, April 26-May 31, 1950: \"The Eighteenth Century Art of France and England,\" cat. no. 28, p. 11.", "opening_date": "1950-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Museum of Art, November 1-November 28, 1951: \"Italian, Spanish, and French Paintings of the 17th and 18th Centuries,\" cat. no. 35, frontispiece; Grand Rapids (Michigan) Art Gallery, December 12 1951-January 9, 1952.", "opening_date": "1951-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Coe-College Art Gallery, May 16-June 16, 1952: \"Centennial Exhibition,\" cat. no. 10, repr.", "opening_date": "1952-05-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "West Palm Beach, Florida, Society of the Four Arts, December 12-1952-January 4, 193: \"Eighteenth-Century Masterpieces,\" cat. no. 13.", "opening_date": "1952-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Richmond, Virginia, Museum of Fine Arts, January 20-March 5, 1956: \"Les F\u00eates Galantes,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1956-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, 1956 \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 21, p. 25.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore Museum of Art, April 25-June 14, 1959: \"Age of Elegance: The Rococo and Its Effect,\" cat. no. 18, illus. p. 47. reproduced on Frontispiece of the Baltimore Museum of Art News.", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hanover, NH; Toledo Museum of Art (Ohio); Houston, TX; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. \"Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-century France\" (10/4/97 - 8/18/98), p. 94-96, cat. no. 4, color repr. p. 95.", "opening_date": "1997-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "William Sharp Ogden (1845-1926), Finchley, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 6, 1927, no. 50)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 6, 1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss (Mrs. Francis Fleury Prentiss) (1865-1944), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1944", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A category of painting invented in France in the early 1700s is the f\u00eate galante (gallant party), with subject matter that hovers between fantasy and reality. The figures in theatrical costume derive from Italian street performers seen in Paris, while the playful outdoor garden party connects to leisure activities enjoyed by certain Parisian elites. The arts of conversation, music, and painting\u2014all highly valued by French aristocracy\u2014intersect in this work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515034"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.86-declaration-of-love"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "MOCATTA, Ernest G. Catalogue of the Collection of Objects of Art of the 15th, 16th and 17th Centuries, Porcelain and Faience, Formed by Ernest G. Mocatta ... Which, by Order of the Executors, Will Be Sold by Auction by Messrs. Christie, Manson & Woods ... December 6, 1927, Etc. William Clowes & Sons: London, 1927.", "page_number": "no. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [6], cat. no. 8; Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n29"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Important Acquisitions of American Collections\", Art Quarterly, VII, no. 3 (1944).", "page_number": "pp. 222-25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cPaintings in the Prentiss Bequest.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 6 (1944).", "page_number": "cover, p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141132"}, {"citation": " Art News, XLIII (October 1, 1944).", "page_number": "cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 486", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Remy G. \"The Rococo as a Dream of Happiness,\" Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, XIX (Winter 1960).", "page_number": "p. 150, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79-81; Reproduced: p, 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rand, Richard, Juliette M. Bianco, and Mark Ledbury. Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century France. [Hanover, N.H.]: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 94-96, cat. no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.86/1944.86_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "448962", "filename": "1944.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.86/1944.86_print.jpg", "width": "2706", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6611337", "filename": "1944.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.86/1944.86_full.tif", "width": "4213", "height": "5294", "filesize": "66950380", "filename": "1944.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124084, "creators": [{"id": 1885, "description": "Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 14:34:41.101000"}, {"id": 149399, "accession_number": "1978.54", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin, 1757. Jean-Etienne Liotard (Swiss, 1702\u20131789). Pastel on parchment; unframed: 38 x 46.3 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1978.54", "current_location": null, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin", "creation_date": "1757", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1757, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Switzerland"], "technique": "pastel on parchment", "support_materials": [{"description": "parchment", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Swiss", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Unframed: 38 x 46.3 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.38, "width": 0.463}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated, in black crayon, at lower right: par. J.E. Liotard / 1757", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "on verso, in red: TH / 51; mark of the Tronchin family", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "Year in Review: 1978. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "De Gen\u00e8ve a\u0300 l'Ermitage: les collections de Franc\u0327ois Tronchin. Muse\u0301e Rath, Geneva (June 21 - September 15, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exposition Jean Etienne Liotard, Johann Heinrich F\u00fcssli. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris (April - June 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exposition d'oeuvres de Jean Etienne Liotard. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Geneva (May 1 - 31, 1925).", "opening_date": "1925-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exposition Jean-Etienne Liotard. Socie\u0301te\u0301 des arts, Geneva (1886).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin [1704-1798], Geneva, by descent to Jean-Louis Robert Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1757-1798", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jean-Louis Robert Tronchin [1763-\n?], Geneva, by descent to Armand Henri Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1798-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Armand Henri Tronchin [1794-1865], Bessinge, Sweden, by descent to Louis-R\u00e9my-Nosky Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-after 1865", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Louis-R\u00e9my-Nosky Tronchin [1825-1873], Geneva, by descent to Henry Tonchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1865-after 1873", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henry Tronchin [1853-1891], by descent to Robert Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1873-after 1891", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Robert Tronchin [1883-?], by descent to Christiane Tronchin, Marquise de Hillerin, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1925-by 1948", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Christiane Tronchin, Marquise de Hillerin, Paris, sold as part of the Tronchin collcetion to Xavier Givaudan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1948-1950", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Xavier Givaudan, Geneva, by descent to Andr\u00e9 Givaudan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950-by 1973", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Andr\u00e9 Givaudan, Geneva", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1973-after 1974", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(L\u00e9on Givaudan, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1974-1978", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Etienne Liotard created portraits of eight other members of the Tronchin family around the same time as this pastel.", "description": "This pastel drawing depicts Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin, a prominent figure in his native Geneva and an impassioned patron of the arts. The table before Tronchin features a book, mathematical instruments, and papers that indicate his interests in architecture and music. Rembrandt's Lady in Bed, a painting that the Dutch master created around 1645 (today in the collection of the Scottish National Gallery) and the most highly prized painting in Tronchin's collection, rests on an easel nearby. Liotard considered the portrait of Tronchin among his finest works, and the meticulous rendering of the sitter's powdered wig, transparent flesh, and lace cuffs suggest the skill he had developed in pastel at this time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780789"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.54-francois-tronchin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mou\u0308cke, Francesco. \"Liotard.\" In Serie di ritratti degli eccellenti pittori: dipinti di propria mano che esistono nell'Imperial galleria di Firenze, 273-76. Florence: Mou\u0308cke, 1762.", "page_number": "Mentioned.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tronchin, Fran\u00e7ois. Catalogue des tableaux du cabinet de M. Tronchin, conseiller d'Etat \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve. Geneva: Tronchin, 1765.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=TXm0qodKB5cC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=catalogue%20des%20tableaux%20de%20mon%20cabinet&pg=PP5#v=onepage&q&f=false"}, {"citation": "Liotard, Jean-Etienne. Trait\u00e9 des principes et des r\u00e8gles de la peinture [1781] Repr. Geneva: Pierre Cailler, 1945.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-9", "url": "http://doc.rero.ch/record/208704/files/BAA_IA_21.pdf"}, {"citation": "Sinner, Johann Rudolph. Voyage historique et litte\u0301raire dans la suisse occidentale. Neuch\u00e2tel: Imprimerie de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 typographique, 1781.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exposition Jean-Etienne Liotard. Exh. Cat. Geneva: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des arts, 1886.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7, no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giron, C. \"L'Exposition Liotard.\" Journal de Gene\u0300ve (May 12, 1886).", "page_number": "Mentioned: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tronchin, Henry. Le Conseiller Franc\u0327ois Tronchin et ses amis Voltaire, Diderot, Grimm. Paris: Plon, 1895. ", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 258", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.319510021301824"}, {"citation": "Humbert, E\u0301douard, Alphonse Revilliod, and J.W.R. Tilanus. La Vie et les oeuvres de Jean Etienne Liotard, \u00e9tude biographique et iconographique. Amsterdam: C.M. Van Gogh, 1897.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 129-30, no. 78; Reproduced: p. 129", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lavieetlesoeuvre00humbuoft/page/n10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Baud-Bovy, Daniel. \"Le Mouvemeent d'art en suisse, peintres genevois (XVIIIe si\u00e8cle et commencement du XIXe), premier article.\" Gazette des beaux-arts, no. 542 (August 1902): 101-113.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crosnier, Jules. Nos Anciens et leurs oeuvres. Geneva: L\u00e9on Bovy, 1908.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104; Reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vaillat, L\u00e9andre. \"Liotard.\" Les Arts 10 (October 1911): 1-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clouzot, Henri. \"Les Pastels de Gen\u00e8ve.\" La Renaissance de l'art franc\u0327ais et des industries de luxe 3 (1920): 158-165.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Catalogue des oeuvres de Liotard expos\u00e9s au Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire, du 1er au 31 mai 1925.\" Pages d'art, revue mensuelle suisse illustr\u00e9e (January 1925).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gielly, Louis. \"Les pastels de J.-\u00c9. Liotard \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve,\" Revue de l'art ancien et moderne (1926).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 256, 271", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gielly, Louis Jules. L'e\u0301cole genevoise de peinture. Geneva: Sonor, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 46, 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ratouis de Limay, Paul. Le Pastel en France au XVIIIe\u0300me sie\u0300cle. Paris: Baudini\u00e8re, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exposition Jean Etienne Liotard, Johann Heinrich F\u00fcssli. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13, 25, no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benisovich, Michel N. \"Les collections de tableaux du conseiller Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin et le mus\u00e9e de l'Ermitage.\" Geneva 1 (1953): 25-51.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 40, no. 80, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fosca, Fran\u00e7ois. \"Un peintre genevois du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle: Jean-Etienne Liotard.\" Jardin des arts 27 (1957): 164-169.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168; Reproduced: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adair, Virginia and Lee. Eighteenth Century Pastel Portraits. London: John Gifford Ltd, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Gen\u00e8ve a\u0300 l'Ermitage: les collections de Franc\u0327ois Tronchin. Exh. Cat. Geneva: Muse\u0301e Rath, 1974. ", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 175-78, no. 347; Reproduced: p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23; Mentioned: p. 43, no. 36", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 520; Mentioned: p. 521-522", "url": null}, {"citation": "Georgel, Pierre and Anne-Marie Lecoq. La peinture dans la peinture. Exh. Cat. Dijon: Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duffin, Ross. R\u00e9pertoire international d'iconographie musicale/International Repertory of Music Iconography Inventory of Music Iconography. New York: Research Center for Music Iconography, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 8, p. 11, no. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Christopher, Jan Kelch, and Pieter J. J. van Thiel. Rembrandt: The Master and His Workshop. Exh. Cat. London: National Gallery, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herdt, Anne de. Dessins de Liotard: suivi du catalogue de l'oeuvre dessine\u0301. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "L'Age d'or flamand et hollandais: collections de Catherine II, Mus\u00e9e de l'Ermitage, Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. Exh. Cat. Dijon: Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Apgar, Garry, and Jean Huber. L\u2019art Singulier de Jean Huber : Voir Voltaire. Paris: A. Biro, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168; reproduced: p. 166, no. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kathke, Petra. Portra\u0308t und Accessoire: eine Bildnisform im 16. Jahrhundert. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 303; Reproduced: fig. 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 12-13; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koos, Marianne. \"'Malerei ohne Pockenspuren': Oberfl\u00e4che im Werk von Jean-Etienne Liotard.\"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte 4, no. 70 (2007): 545-72.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 563-70; Reproduced: p. 564", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roethlisberger, Marcel and Rene\u0301e Loche. Liotard: catalogue, sources et correspondance. Doornspijk: Davaco, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 503-506, no. 349; Reproduced: vol. 2, fig. 499", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bark, Julianna M. \"Liotard, History Painting, and Mimesis.\" Cantor Arts Center Journal 6 (2008-9): 19-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lorenzo, Andrea di. \"Sotto segno di Correggio. Due progetti per soffitti illusionistici: Una proposta per il Giovane Primaticcio.\" Nuovi Studi 14, no. 15 (2009): 153-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154; Reproduced: fig. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buyssens, Danielle. La question de l'art a\u0300 Gene\u0300ve, du cosmopolitisme des lumie\u0300res au romantisme des nationalite\u0301s. Ph.D. diss. Universite\u0301 de Lille 3, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. V", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blumle, Claudia. \"Das Bild als Vorhang.\" In Hinter dem Vorhang: Verh\u00fcllung und Enth\u00fcllung seit der Renaissance - von Tizian bis Christo. Oakar Ba\u0308tschmann, et.al. Munich: Hirmer, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wetering, Ernst van de, Murray Pearson, Carin van Nes, and Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Rembrandt's Paintings Revisited - a Complete Survey : a Reprint of A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings VI. 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; vol. 2 p. 585, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guichard, Charlotte. La griffe du peintre: la valeur de l'art (1730-1820). Paris: \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 6-8, fig. 1; Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Pastels in the Muse\u0301e Du Louvre: 17th and 18th Centuries. 2018.", "page_number": "p. 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grijzenhout, F., and Jean-Etienne Liotard. Liotard in Nederland. Utrecht: Kwadraat, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guichard, Charlotte. \"Signatures, Authorship and Autographie in Eighteenth-Century French Painting.\" Art History 41, no. 2 (April 2018): 266-291.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 272-273, fig. 3 & 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oberli, Matthias. Mit Pinsel, Palette und Peru\u0308cke: Barocke Malerei in der Schweiz. Basel : Schwabe Verlag, Schwabe Verlagsgruppe AG, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38-39, Abb. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kruse, Jillian. \u201cImagination in the Age of Reason: Prints and drawings showcase imagination's power.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 65, no. 3 (2024): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6; Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}, {"citation": "Black, Emily, and Philippe Clerc. Collection Du Crest: Artistes de L\u2019Ecole Genevoise. Gene\u0300ve: E\u0301ditions Notari, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26, fig. 8", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Roethlisberger 349", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.54", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.54/1978.54_web.jpg", "width": "1076", "height": "893", "filesize": "638452", "filename": "1978.54_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.54/1978.54_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2822", "filesize": "6845996", "filename": "1978.54_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.54/1978.54_full.tif", "width": "5463", "height": "4535", "filesize": "74352688", "filename": "1978.54_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149399, "creators": [{"id": 12028, "description": "Jean-Etienne Liotard (Swiss, 1702\u20131789)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1702", "death_year": "1789", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1757, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1757", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:29.759000"}, {"id": 147607, "accession_number": "1974.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Still Life with Herrings, c. 1735. Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779). Oil on canvas; framed: 58.5 x 50.5 x 8.5 cm (23 1/16 x 19 7/8 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 41 x 33.6 cm (16 1/8 x 13 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1974.1", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Still Life with Herrings", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 58.5 x 50.5 x 8.5 cm (23 1/16 x 19 7/8 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 41 x 33.6 cm (16 1/8 x 13 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.585, "width": 0.505, "depth": 0.085}, "unframed": {"height": 0.41, "width": 0.336}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"chardin\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443315, "title": "Chardin, 1699 - 1779", "description": "Chardin, 1699 - 1779. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (co-organizer) (January 26-April 30, 1979); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (June 6-August 12, 1979); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (co-organizer) (September 11-November 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "The Magic of Still Life. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "Conserving the Past for the Future. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231503, "title": "Jean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin", "description": "Jean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin. Palazzo dei Diamanti, 44110 Ferrara, Italy (October 17, 2010-January 30, 2011); Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (February 28-May 29, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exposition Retrospective, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Tours, France, (1873).", "opening_date": "1873-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "Exposition Chardin et Fragonard, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, France (June-July, 1907).", "opening_date": "1907-06-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "French Still Life from Chardin to C\u00e9zanne, Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries, New York, NY (October 29-November 22, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-29T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Benoist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1857", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Benoist sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, March 30, 1857, no. 12, probably sold to Monsieur R.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 30, 1857", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Monsieur R., Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1857-1860", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Monsieur R. collection sale, Rouillard, Paris, April 28, 1860, no. 12, possibly sold to Henri", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 28, 1860", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henri Viollet [1849-1926?], Tours, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Viollet may have purchased the painting at the 1860 Lecocq sale of the collection of Monsieur R. The 1881 sale at H\u00f4tel Drouot of Viollet's collection does not include this painting, and thus, it was most likely no longer in his possession by that point.
"], "date": "Possibly 1860-by 1881", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Alfred [1811-1893] and Paul [1833-1903] Mame, Tours, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Alfred and Paul Mame were father and son.
"], "date": "Until 1904", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Mame sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, France, April 26-29, 1904, no. 7, sold to Alexis Vollon)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 26-29, 1904", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Alexis Vollon [1865-1945], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904-1909", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "David David-Weill [1871-1952], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 David David-Weill was a prominent art collector in Paris. In 1937 he sold many objects to Wildenstein & Co., and then in 1940, he fled Paris. At this time, much of his collection was seized by the Nazis, and many of these items were returned to him after the war. This painting, however, appears to have remained in David-Weill\u2019s collection throughout the war and until 1952; it appears in no databases of looted objects or in NARA\u2019s archival records.
"], "date": "By 1925-1952", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to Sidney J. Lamon)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Rosenberg and Stiebel purchased this painting from Lazard Fr\u00e8res, the financial firm of which David-Weill was chairman.
"], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Sidney J. Lamon [d. 1973], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-1973", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Sale, Christie\u2019s, London, June 29, 1973, no. 21, sold to Frederick Mont/Newhouse Galleries) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 The buyer listed in the catalogue is \"Newhoune\" [sic].
"], "date": "June 29, 1973", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "(Frederick Mont and Newhouse Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973-1974", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1974-", "sortorder": 14}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Chardin reflected intensely on the act of observation. Still life became a forum for sophisticated performances in paint, and his complex technique\u2014he famously worked in private\u2014uses a staggering combination of delicate glazes and roughly dragged thick paint to capture the varied surfaces, atmospheres, and spaces in this humble pantry shelf. Acutely aware of recent developments in optics and physics, Chardin explored ideas about light, shadow, and color, and fully expected his work to be inspected closely.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472554"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.1-still-life-with-herr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Tableaux anciens et modernes de l'e\u0301cole franc\u0326aise. March 30, 1857.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Chronique, Documents, Faits Divers,\" Revue Universelle des Arts, VI (1857).", "page_number": "p. 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rouillard. Tableaux anciens. April 28, 1860.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Album de l'Exposition re\u0301trospective des beaux-arts de Tours. Tours: Georget-Joubert, 1873.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Darcel, Alfred. Exposition re\u0301trospective de Tours, par ... Alfred Darcel. Tours: Georget-Joubert, 1873.", "page_number": "cat.no. 501", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. Tableaux anciens et modernes. April 26-29, 1904.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Comite\u0301 Chardin et Fragonard (Paris), and Galerie Georges Petit (Paris). Exposition Chardin et Fragonard: Galeries Georges Petit, Paris ; juin-juillet 1907. 1907.", "page_number": "cat. no. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jean \"Exposition Chardin-Fragonard,\" Revue de l'Art Ancien et Moderne, XXII, (1907).", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurice Tourneux, \"L'Exposition Chardin-Fragonard,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, XXXVIII (1907).", "page_number": "p. 98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henri Frantz, \"The Chardin-Fragonard Exhibition in Paris,\" The Studio, XLII (1908).", "page_number": "p. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Otto Grautoff, \"Jean-Baptiste Simeon Chardin,\" Kunst und K\u00fcnstler, VI (1908).", "page_number": "p. 498", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jean. Catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'\u0153uvre peint et dessine\u0301 de J.-B. Sime\u0301on Chardin: suivi de la liste des gravures exe\u0301cute\u0301es d'apre\u0300s ses ouvraves. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1908.", "page_number": "p. 90, no. 220", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dayot, Armand, and Le\u0301andre Vaillat. L'\u0153uvre de J.-B.-S. Chardin et de J.-H. Fragonard. Paris: F. Gittler, 1908.", "page_number": "see Introduction, and nn. on p. iv, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Furst, Herbert. Chardin. London: Methuen & Co, 1911.", "page_number": "2, pl. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henriot, Gabriel. Collection David-Weill. Paris : Braun & Cie, 1926.", "page_number": "pp. 35- 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Chardin. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1933.", "page_number": "no. 896, fig. 125, and no. 898", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries. French Still Life from Chardin to Cezanne. Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Quaker Emergency Service. 1947.", "page_number": "cat. no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Chardin. [Zu\u0308rich]: Manesse, 1963.", "page_number": "), no. 272., fig. 127, and no. 56, fig. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges, and Daniel Wildenstein. Chardin. Greenwich, Conn: New York Graphic Society, 1969.", "page_number": "no. 272, fig. 127, and no. 56, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Highly Important Pictures by Old Masters. 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Davis, Frank. \"Talking about Salerooms: 'King of Pots and Pans'\" Country Life (August 16, 1973).", "page_number": "p. 434", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol C. \u201cJean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin: Still Life with Herring.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 9 (1974).", "page_number": "p. 285, figs. 3 and 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152549"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 62, no. 3 (1975).", "page_number": "cat.no. 46", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on Chardin, and Sally W. Goodfellow. Chardin, 1699-1779: A Special Exhibition Organized by the Re\u0301union Des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, Paris, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat.no. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Chardin, 1699-1799: notes on the exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979. Cleveland: [s.n.], 1979.", "page_number": "p. 16, figs. 10 and 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60-61; Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \u201cThe Watteau and Chardin of Marcel Proust.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 69, no. 1 (1982).", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159754"}, {"citation": "Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on, and Pierre Rosenberg. Chardin: il pittore del silenzio. Ferrara: Ferrara arte, 2010.", "page_number": "ex. cat. no. 21, p. 112-113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourg, Alexis Merle Du. \"Il Maestro Delle Nature \"Inanimate.\"\" Chardin suppl. no. 272 (Dec. 2010).", "page_number": "p. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on, and Pierre Rosenberg. Chardin, 1699-1779. Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 21, pp 112-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 193", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Merle du Bourg, Alexis. Chardin. Paris: Citadelles & Mazenod, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 219-221, no. 202 & 203", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.1/1974.1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "468869", "filename": "1974.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.1/1974.1_print.jpg", "width": "2754", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6776239", "filename": "1974.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.1/1974.1_full.tif", "width": "4455", "height": "5500", "filesize": "73539532", "filename": "1974.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147607, "creators": [{"id": 1896, "description": "Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1699", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-01-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:24.254000"}, {"id": 120839, "accession_number": "1941.562.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1795. Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822). Watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame; framed: 9.2 x 7.7 cm (3 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.); sight: 6.7 x 5.3 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.562.1", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1795", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9.2 x 7.7 cm (3 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.); Sight: 6.7 x 5.3 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.092, "width": 0.077}, "sight": {"height": 0.067, "width": 0.053}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1941.562"], "did_you_know": "This piece has a companion in the collection, 1941.562.2, although their relationship is unknown.", "description": "The sitter's powdered hair is tied with a dark bow below the shoulders. He has gray eyes and wears a greenish-gray coat, white shirt, and cravat tied in a bow under his chin. The background is very pale, with ivory ground visible, but faintly light blue close to the head. Among the hallmarks of Nathaniel Plimer\u2019s technique was the use of delicate stippling for the shadows of the face and the application of individual dots of paint to create the lower eyelashes. This portrait is probably the pendant to 1941.562.2. The female portrait is slightly larger than the male, and both date from c. 1795, the date at which a British man would have worn his hair powdered and his cravat tied in a bow. It is impossible to know for certain if these unidentified sitters were married, but the fact that they are housed in identical frames, which date from the same period as the paintings, suggests that they are a pair. Although husbands and wives often commissioned portraits in miniature simultaneously, the pairs were frequently divided over time through inheritance, loss, breakage, or independent sale. Both miniatures are housed in identical, elaborate period gold frames with braided hairwork. The blue glass back of each has a plait of brown hair in its center. The hair incorporated into the framing of each miniature is approximately the same color, suggesting either that the couple had the same color hair or that the same hair was used in each frame. Traditionally, it was the hair of the sitter that was mounted with his or her miniature portrait. They are both unsigned, as was typical for Plimer\u2019s works during this period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016497"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.562.1-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "p. 29, no. 32, pl. XX", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters. London: Faber and Faber, 1972.", "page_number": "p 451", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Referenced: p.83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 53, pp. 215-217", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 53 no. 06, November/December 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-06/page/6/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.562.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "145910", "filename": "1941.562.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1536503", "filename": "1941.562.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_full.tif", "width": "11190", "height": "11190", "filesize": "375676792", "filename": "1941.562.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-06T19:31:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "92029"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1165341"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022648"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-02T18:02:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "893", "filesize": "400504"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2459", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4919006"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3948", "height": "5458", "filesize": "64676756"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T13:20:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "893", "filesize": "417922"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2816", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4983047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3272", "height": "3950", "filesize": "38803268"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:18:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "121565"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1384227"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "11122", "height": "11122", "filesize": "371125044"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T19:44:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84219"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1024930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022076"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120839, "creators": [{"id": 3721, "description": "Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1822", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1795", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1941.562", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man in Pale Green Coat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:41.201000"}, {"id": 142470, "accession_number": "1966.235", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Group of Love Carried by the Three Graces, c. 1768\u201378. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), after a design by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit); overall: 25.4 x 12.8 x 14 cm (10 x 5 1/16 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1966.235", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure Group of Love Carried by the Three Graces", "creation_date": "c. 1768\u201378", "creation_date_earliest": 1768, "creation_date_latest": 1778, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 25.4 x 12.8 x 14 cm (10 x 5 1/16 x 5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.128, "depth": 0.14}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised on top of base]: \"B\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The design of this figure group appeared among the 38 porcelain figure groups included in a service commissioned for Catherine of Russia in 1779.", "description": "This figure group was likely modeled after the designs of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, whose designs appeared as figures or paintings on S\u00e8vres porcelain. The scene represented is pulled from classical antiquity; the child wreathed in flowers is a physical manifestation of love and the women who hold him aloft are the three daughters of Zeus, Greek god of the sky.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780851"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.235-figure-group-of-love"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 72, repr. p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Goupil, 1909.", "page_number": "Vol. 2, p. 12, pl. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile, and Georges Lechevallier-Chevignard. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres: recueil des mode\u0300les de la manufacture de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: P. Lafitte, 1914.", "page_number": "no. 597, pl. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Re\u0301au, Louis. Etienne-Maurice Falconet. Paris: Demotte, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 270, Vol. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. Les oeuvres de la Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. Vol. 1, La Sculpture de 1738 \u00e0 1815. Paris: Ministe\u0300re d'e\u0301tat charge\u0301 des affaires culturelles, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 11, no. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Birjukova, Nina. Figurines et Groupes en Porcelaine des Manufactures Francaises du XVIIIe Sie\u0300cle. Leningrad: Ermitaz\u030c, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 293, no. 40; Reproduced: no. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schlumberger, Eveline. \"Pourquoi certains collectionneurs reprennent gou\u0302t au biscuit de S\u00e8vres.\" Connaissance des Arts (April 1962).", "page_number": "p. 51, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman, E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7(September 1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 277, no. 19; Reproduced: P. 227, fig.19", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Berges, Ruth. \"Soft-Paste Biscuit Figures from Vincennes and Se\u0300vres.\" Connoisseur, vol. 166, no. 669 (November 1967).", "page_number": "p. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dal Carlo, Elisabetta. Le porcellane dell'ambasciatore. Venezia: Arsenale, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 160-61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Birioukova, Nina, and Natalia Kazakevitch. Sevrskii\u0306 farfor XVIII veka: katalog kollektsii. Saint Petersburg: Izdatel\u0301stvo Gosudarstvennogo\u0306 E\u0307rmitazha, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 426-47, no. 1319", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.235", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "254302", "filename": "1966.235_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_print.jpg", "width": "2606", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3563040", "filename": "1966.235_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_full.tif", "width": "3747", "height": "4888", "filesize": "54977664", "filename": "1966.235_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-10T20:13:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.235/1966.235_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "893", "filesize": "255448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.235/1966.235_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2573", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3533202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.235/1966.235_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3672", "height": "4852", "filesize": "53481516"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142470, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1768, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1768\u201378", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cupid Carried by the Graces", "FIgure Group of Love Carrying the Three Graces or the Three Graces Carrying Love (L'amour portant les trois gr\u00e2ces, or Les trois gr\u00e2ces portant l'amour)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:27.650000"}, {"id": 163924, "accession_number": "2005.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure (iginga), probably 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lega-style maker. Elephant ivory, tukula, and oil; overall: 16.7 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm (6 9/16 x 2 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2005.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Figure (iginga)", "creation_date": "probably 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lega-style maker"], "technique": "Elephant ivory, tukula, and oil", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 16.7 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm (6 9/16 x 2 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.167, "width": 0.055, "depth": 0.045}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "The Language of Beauty in African Art. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Ratton, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "ca. 1950s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Guy Ladriere, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "no date recorded", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Pierre Dartevelle, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1980-1983", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Vranken-Hoet Collection, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-2005", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH by purchase", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005 to present", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The dark surface (patina) of this sculpture comes from years of handling and the application of oil and a red powder called tukula; it was originally cream-colored!", "description": "The life of Lega men and women is structured around their advancement through the different grades of the Bwami association. Fulfilling political, social, religious, and other roles, the members\u2019 ultimate purpose is the pursuit of wisdom and excellence. Ivory figurines were reserved for members of the two highest Bwami grades, in which the core of the Lega\u2019s moral philosophy is revealed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778754"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.3-figure-iginga"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rachewiltz, Boris de. Arte Africana. [Rome]: [Istituto Grafico Tiberino], 1967.", "page_number": "14-15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Debbaut, Jan, Dominique Favart, and G. van Geertruyen. Utotombo: l'art d'Afrique noire dans les collections prive\u0301es belges : Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles, 25 mars-5 juin 1988. Bruxelles: Palais des beaux-arts, 1988.", "page_number": "243, cat. 246", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cornet, Joseph, Angelo Turconi, and Mobutu Sese Seko. Zaire: peuples/art/culture. Anvers: Fonds Mercator, 1989.", "page_number": "120.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., and Michel Boulanger. Ethique et beaute\u0301 Lega au c\u0153ur de l'Afrique. Bruxelles: Snoeck-Ducaju, 2002.", "page_number": "152, cat. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Annual Report. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "22, 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Good and Beautiful.\" Cleveland Museum of Art Member's Magazine. Cleveland Museum of Art, September 2006.", "page_number": "7-11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-07"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". African Arts. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011.", "page_number": "53; 56, Fig. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "240-1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Felix, Marc Leo. White gold, black hands: ivory sculpture in Congo. Qiquhar, Heilungkiang, China: Gemini Sun, Volume 6, June 2013.", "page_number": "Fig. 27a & b, p. 190-191, 242", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. The language of beauty in African art. 2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "893", "filesize": "253903", "filename": "2005.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_print.jpg", "width": "2292", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3208680", "filename": "2005.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_full.tif", "width": "3277", "height": "4862", "filesize": "47827224", "filename": "2005.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-03-02T19:44:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "517", "height": "893", "filesize": "214140"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt0_print.jpg", 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"2005-03-02T21:07:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "519", "height": "893", "filesize": "214217"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "1975", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2957895"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt8_full.tif", "width": "2905", "height": "5000", "filesize": "43593980"}}, {"date_created": "2006-04-04T20:08:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "246504"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "2305", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3170994"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.3/2005.3_alt9_full.tif", "width": "3318", "height": "4895", "filesize": "48753636"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163924, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-02-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:03.701000"}, {"id": 131673, "accession_number": "1954.263", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Conversation in Autumn (\u8b1b\u79cb\u5716), 1732. Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; overall: 218.5 x 71.7 cm (86 x 28 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.263", "current_location": null, "title": "Conversation in Autumn", "title_in_original_language": "\u8b1b\u79cb\u5716", "creation_date": "1732", "creation_date_earliest": 1732, "creation_date_latest": 1732, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 218.5 x 71.7 cm (86 x 28 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 1.16, "width": 0.4}, "overall": {"height": 2.185, "width": 0.717}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.185, "width": 0.803}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 2 seals: \n\nOn a winter day in the renzi year [1732], while leisurely sitting in my mountain pavilion, I happened to have imitated the brush style of Yuan masters on the two verses: \"A guest came from the dusty world for a visit; in the small cottage we talked about the sound of autumn.\"\n\nXin luo shan ren \u65b0\u7f85\u5c71\u4eba [seals] Hua Yan \u83ef\u55a6; Qiuyue \u79cb\u5cb3.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "\"The Sound of Autumn\" is the title of a famous rhymed prose by the great Song scholar, Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072).", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "1 colophon and 2 seals of Zhang Tingji \u5f35\u5ef7\u6fdf (1768\u20131848): \n\nOld Hua [Yan], in this painting, was able to evoke the mood of desolation in nature and match the poetry elegantly. If Fangweng [Lu You \u9678\u6e38 (1125\u20131210)] saw this, he would inscribe the painting with two words \"idyllic world \u8a69\u5883.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "\u65b0\u7f85\u5c71\u4eba\u70ba\u543e\u9109\u8001\u8f29\uff0c\u64c5\u9577\u5beb\u751f\u3002\u7f85\u81f4\u7fbd\u65cf\uff0c\u7feb\u5176\u98db\u9cf4\u98f2\u5544\u3002\u6545\u6240\u4f5c\u5225\u6709\u751f\u8da3\u3002\u5c71\u6c34\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u4f5c\u5ba2\u51ac\u5728\u897f\u6ce0\uff0c\u898b\u6240\u767d\u96f2\u677e\u820e\u5716\u3002\u7a7a\u9748\u66e0\u9038\uff0c\u5f97\u672a\u66fe\u6709\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u61b6\u4e4b\u3002\u5179\u5e45\u4ee5\u84bc\u79c0\u52dd\uff0c\u8352\u5bd2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fa9\u9952\u9038\u8da3\u3002\u5982\u5750\u6211\u9d60\u7063\u3001\u9f8d\u7003\u9593\u77e3\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1825, and 2 seals of Chen Wenshu \u9673\u6587\u8ff0 (1771\u20131842): \n\nXinluo the Mountain Man was of an older generation in my native place. He is skilled in drawing from life, having encompassed all the feathered creatures and studied their [habits] in flight, calling, drinking and pecking. Consequently, his paintings in this genre are noted for lively exuberance. His landscapes are rarer. When I was a winter visitor in Xileng, I chanced to see his White Clouds over Pine Lodge. In its emptiness, its spiritual essence, its vastness and its untrammeled flavor, it is without peer. Even today, I could remember it distinctly. The painting here is known for its aged elegance. In the chilling wilderness, it is fraught with an untrammeled spirit. [With these two paintings,] it is as if I were sitting between the Snowgoose Bay and the Dragon Pool. \n\nMy good nephew P'iao-sheng obtained the painting from Yufeng and showed it to me. So I write a few lines here to commemorate this \"ink-relationship.\" In the yiyou year of Daoguang [1825], at the end of the autumn, the lay-Buddhist Yi dao ju shi, Wenshu wrote this at the cottage of Xiang shan hua yin (Meditation in Fragrance and Reclusion among Flowers).", "inscription_remark": "The catalogue Silent Poetry only gives a transcription of the first part of the inscription.", "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "1 colophon and 1 seal of Zhu Angzhi \u6731\u6602\u4e4b (1764\u20131841): \n \nThe highest achievement in the art of painting is to penetrate deeply into the chamber of old masters, but at the same time transcend the bounds of conventional rules. This painting of Xinluo is derived from [the style of] Baishi (Shen Zhou \u6c88\u5468, 1427\u20131509) and Baoshan (Lu Zhi \u9678\u6cbb, 1496\u20131576) with splashed-ink technique of Wang Qia \u738b\u6d3d (Wang Mo \u738b\u9ed8, ?\u2013805), in addition to his own innovative ideas. Hence the distinctive style. Truly, he is one of those who passed through the net of the Six Canons [of Xie He \u8b1d\u8d6b, 479\u2013502]; treasure it.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"inscription": "2 seals of Ye Tingguan \u8449\u5ef7\u742f (b. 1791); \n\n1 seal unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 5}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300427, "title": "Chinese Landscape Painting", "description": "Chinese Landscape Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520238, "title": "Master of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Master of Landscape: East and West. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (September 15-October 13, 1963); Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (November 1-December 1, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516263, "title": "Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting", "description": "Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 23-May 28, 1967); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (June 20-August 13, 1967); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (September 15-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 3, 1982-February 28, 1983).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310041, "title": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia", "description": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-December 13, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 203084, "title": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen", "description": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-July 31, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chinese Landscape Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masters of Landscape. Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY (September 15-October 13, 1963); The Rochester Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (November 1-December 1, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fantastics and Eccentrics. Asia House Gallery, New York, NY, (March 23-May 28, 1967); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, CA (June 20-August 13, 1967); and M. H. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (September 15-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29, 2003-March 15, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ye Tingguan \u8449\u5ef7\u742f [b. 1791]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sun Zutong \u5b6b\u7956\u540c [1894\u20131937]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yu Zituo \u865e\u5b50\u579e [early 20th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A barren tree on the lower left has a hole in its lower trunk through which is visible a young servant carrying food to the gentlemen in the cottage.", "description": "Two figures sit conversing in a thatched cottage. This painting illustrates two poetic lines:
My guest came to sit beyond the dust, In a narrow room, we talked about the autumnal sounds of autumn.
Hua Yan presented an intimate world\u2014simple and rustic\u2014amid a landscape. The cool wilderness depicted in this work conveys an aloofness that may reveal the inner world of a scholar-artist who failed the civil service examination but preserved a sense of pride and endurance in his humble surroundings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516462"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.263-conversation-in-autu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Deng, Qiumei \u9127\u79cb\u679a. Shen zhou da guan \u795e\u5dde\u5927\u89c0. Shanghai: Shen zhou guo guang she, 1912.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. (18)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kawai, Senro \u6cb3\u4e95\u8343\u5eec, editor. Shina nanga taisei \u652f\u90a3\u5357\u756b\u5927\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304bunsha, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: X, pl. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pan, Zunqi \u6f58\u9075\u7948. Xu jing zhai suo cang ming hua ji \u865b\u975c\u9f4b\u6240\u85cf\u540d\u756b\u96c6. Shanghai: Shang wu yin shu guan, Minguo 24 [1935].", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. A History of Later Chinese Painting. London: The Medici Society, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: II, Lists, 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "O\u0304mura, Seigai \u5927\u6751\u897f\u5d16 and O\u0304mura Kido\u0304 \u5927\u6751\u6587\u592b. Chu\u0304goku meigashu\u0304. 8 [\u4e2d\u56fd\u540d\u753b\u96c6. \u7b2c8\u518a = Collection of famous Chinese paintings]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ryu\u0304bunshokyoku, 1945.", "page_number": "VIII, pl. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Chinese Landscape Painting. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 157, cat. no. 110; Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 880", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Chinese Landscape Painting. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126, no. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Masters of Landscape: East and West. Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 455, fig. 601", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n293"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James, and Virginia Field. Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting. [New York]: Asia Society; distributed by Abrams, 1967.", "page_number": "cat. no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n293"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. \"Ch\u016bgoku kaiga niokeru kis\u014d to gens\u014d\" [Fantastics and eccentrics in Chinese painting] (part II). Kokka (1975): no. 979, pp. 2-21.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 358", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 265, p. 361", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnhart, Richard M. The Jade studio: masterpieces of Ming and Qing painting and calligraphy from the Wong Nan-p\u02bbing collection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 61, p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art, 5th Edition. London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 16.5, p. 696", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art, 7th Edition. London: Laurence King, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 690, fig. 16.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 440-446", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.263", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_web.jpg", "width": "363", "height": "893", "filesize": "224340", "filename": "1954.263_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_print.jpg", "width": "1381", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3300314", "filename": "1954.263_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_full.tif", "width": "2574", "height": "6337", "filesize": "48961120", "filename": "1954.263_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-04-02T20:14:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "388", "height": "893", "filesize": "254450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1476", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3113562"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2170", "height": "5000", "filesize": "32564708"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "388", "height": "893", "filesize": "245515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1476", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2934436"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2170", "height": "5000", "filesize": "32563516"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-06T18:19:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "181722"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2466", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1773962"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4806", "height": "6626", "filesize": "95557652"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-06T18:17:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "440893"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6566582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99889868"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-06T18:24:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "330", "height": "900", "filesize": "166057"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1247", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1156084"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.263/1954.263_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2376", "height": "6477", "filesize": "46192080"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131673, "creators": [{"id": 23570, "description": "Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u83ef\u55a6", "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1756", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-05-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1732, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1732", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Conversation in Autumn \u8b1b\u79cb\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:38.354000"}, {"id": 149684, "accession_number": "1979.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an [Temporary Retreat] (\u4e5d\u65e5\u884c\u5eb5\u6587\u8b8c\u5716), 1743. Fang Shishu (Chinese, 1693\u20131751), and Ye Fanglin (Chinese, active late 1600s\u2013mid-1700s). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; image: 32.4 x 201.2 cm (12 3/4 x 79 3/16 in.); overall: 33.5 x 893 cm (13 3/16 x 351 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1979.72", "current_location": null, "title": "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an [Temporary Retreat]", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e5d\u65e5\u884c\u5eb5\u6587\u8b8c\u5716", "creation_date": "1743", "creation_date_earliest": 1743, "creation_date_latest": 1743, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 32.4 x 201.2 cm (12 3/4 x 79 3/16 in.); Overall: 33.5 x 893 cm (13 3/16 x 351 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.324, "width": 2.012}, "overall": {"height": 0.335, "width": 8.93}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Fang Shishu's seal at beginning of painting: Ou ran shi de \u5076\u7136\u62fe\u5f97. \n\nYe Fanglin's seal at end of painting: Fanglin \u82b3\u6797.\n\nFrontispiece title dated 1743 and 3 seals of Chen Bangyan \u9673\u90a6\u5f66 (1678-1752).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": 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"inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1744, and 3 seals of Li E \u53b2\u9d9a (1692\u20131752).\n\nThe Xing\u2019an [Temporary Retreat] is located at the northern outskirts of Yangzhou, near the western corner of the Tianning Temple. It was purchased by Ma Yueguan and his younger brother, Ma Yuelu, when it was but unused land of the Buddhist monastery and built as a place for rest and recreation. The monastery itself was the country villa of Xie An of the Jin dynasty. Its western corner is especially luxuriant and shady, densely wooded with ancient trees. Once inside the secluded areas of the woods, people would not know that they are not far from the city. The \u201cretreat\u201d is right at the center of this secluded spot, totally devoid of any artificial ornamentation of carving, engraving, lacquer, or bright colors, but rich in refreshing shade and in its balconies and courtyards. For this reason, people who come here for rest always linger and do not want to leave. On the Double-Ninth Day of guihai [1743] of the Qianlong era, after a prolonged period of rain, the weather was pleasant and fine. So the members [of the poetry club] were all invited to gather here. There, in the center, the portrait of Tao Jingjie [Tao Qian] by Qiu Ying was hung; yellow chrysanthemums were picked, and white wine was offered as a libation. The fourteen words in Du Fu\u2019s lines, \u201cren shi nan feng kai kou xiao, ju hua xu cha man tou gui\u201d (In this mortal world, there is hardly any occasion for a hearty laugh; so with chrysanthemums, let\u2019s go home full of flowers in our hair), were chosen as rhymes for making poetry. And so, dizzily and merrily, we all drank and hummed the whole day. \n\nA month later, Ye Jingchu, the portrait painter active in Suzhou, happened to be here and was asked to do a group portrait of the gathering on a scroll, with Fang Huanshan completing the background scenery. The painting was titled A Literary Gathering at the Temporary Retreat on the Ninth Day. Upon the completion of its mounting, every participant was asked to write his composition at the end of the scroll, and I was entrusted with recording the event in an essay. \n\nIn the picture there are two gentlemen sitting together on a short couch. The one on the right, who squats with outspread legs, is Hu Fuzhai, Qiheng, from Wuling; and the one on the left who holds his right knee is Tang Nanxuan, Jianzhong, from Tianmen. Two other gentlemen are sitting on matted chairs: the one holding a piece of writing is Fang Huanshan, Shishu, of Shexian; the other on the left, who is looking up as if he is about to speak, is Min Yuzheng, Hua, of Jiangdu. One gentleman who is sitting on a rattan stool and fingering his beard is Quan Xieshan, Zuwang, of Ningbo. The other, seated, leaning against a rock as though he is deep in thought, is Zhang Yuchuan, Sike, of Lintong. Two gentlemen are standing under trees, away from other people. The one holding a chrysanthemum is Li Fanxie, E, from Qiantang; the other, clasping his hands in his sleeves, is Chen Zhuding, Zhang, from Qiantang. One gentleman is playing on a qin on the stone table; this is Cheng Xiangxi, Mengxing, of Jiangdu. Among the three listeners, the one standing behind him with sleeve down is Ma Bancha, Yuelu, of Qimen. Two gentlemen are sitting on porcelain stools: the one leaning against a tree on the left is Fang Xizhou, Shijie; the other on the right, with legs crossed, is Wang Tianzhai, Yushu; both are from Shexian. Two gentlemen, seated facing each other and unrolling a scroll, are Ma Xiegu, Yueguan, of Qimen on the left, and Wang Meiyi, Zao, on the right. One onlooker on the right, with both hands clasped behind his back, is Lu Nanqi, Zhonghui, of Jiangdu. The other leaning forward [behind Mr. Lu] is Hong Quxi, Zhengke, of Shexian. Among the boy servants, three are planting chrysanthemums, one is waiting among the trees, one holds a walking stick while the other holds a scroll. Plants in the painting are banana, bamboo, and trees of various kinds. They are represented in colors of reddish yellow and greenish blue to give a seasonal feeling.\n\nNow the auspicious name of Double Ninth is universally respected by tradition. But [the Tang poet] Gao Shi [d. 675] had to scratch his head lamenting his loneliness, while Lu Guimeng [d. 881] had to shut himself indoors to dream of the joy of climbing up high. The reasons for their misfortunes were simply their lack of right time, right place, and right people. As for us, we are lucky in being born during a reign of peace, in a place of beauty, and in the company of friends who are cultured and understanding. How rare indeed are such gatherings in this world. On the other hand, among the sixteen of us, some are natives [of Yangzhou], and others are only visitors. Our meetings and partings are irregular and unpredictable. Some day, when enough time has gone by, when we are brought back to our memories by the change of seasons, we may unroll this painting and feel like seeing each other again. For the people in the future who have a chance to see this painting, perhaps they will not feel differently from us.\n\nIn the jiazi year [1744], on the fifty-fourth day of the summer, Li E recorded and inscribed.", "inscription_remark": "This translation is adapted from Wai-kam Ho\u2019s in Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting, no. 275, pp. 373\u201375.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u63da\u5dde\u70ba\u6c5f\u5317\u5927\u90fd\u6703\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u9023\u750d\u63a5\u6979\uff0c\u7b19\u6b4c\u8f3f\u5f9e\uff0c\u7adf\u65e5\u55a7\u805a\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u6df8\u6b4c\u96c5\u96c6\uff0c\u8462\u7f55\u77e3\u3002\u57ce\u5317\u5929\u5be7\u5bfa\uff0c\u70ba\u6649\u8b1d\u516c\u99d0\u7bc0\u6642\u6240\u6e38\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u884c\u5eb5\uff0c\u543e\u53cb\u99ac\u541b\u5db0\u8c37\u3001\u534a\u67e5\u5144\u5f1f\u4e4b\u5c0f\u7bc9\u4e5f\u3002\u5730\u4e0d\u8e30\u4e94\u755d\uff0c\u800c\u8001\u6a39\u53e4\u85e4\uff0c\u68ee\u851a\u76f8\u671b\uff0c\u7686\u5343\u767e\u5e74\u7269\uff0c\u9593\u4ee5\u4fee\u7af9\uff0c\u6625\u9ce5\u79cb\u87f2\uff0c\u66f4\u5531\u8fed\u548c\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u66f2\u5eca\u9ad8\u69ad\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9591\u9069\u3002\u51fa\u9580\u672a\u6578\u767e\u6b65\uff0c\u5373\u9ec3\u5875\u6fc1\u6d41\u6975\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f5c\u60e1\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u4e2d\u7368\u856d\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u5916\u4e4b\u601d\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u516b\u5e74\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u5db0\u8c37\u5144\u5f1f\u62db\u96c6\u540c\u793e\u4e00\u5341\u56db\u4eba\u7940\u9676\u516c\uff0c\u51fa\u6240\u85cf\u4ec7\u5be6\u7236\u767d\u63cf\u50cf\u61f8\u65bc\u95a3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u8ce6\u4e00\u8a69\u3002\u4e88\u65b9\u7559\u6eef\u897f\u6ce0\uff0c\u672a\u5f97\u9810\u4e5f\u3002\u53c8\u8e30\u65ec\u800c\u4e88\u81f3\uff0c\u8af8\u541b\u65b9\u64ec\u7e6a\u5716\u8a18\u4e8b\uff0c\u5db0\u8c37\u66f0\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7121\u541b\u3002\u4e43\u4ee5\u5c55\u65e5\u66f4\u8209\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e88\u5f97\u966a\u5377\u8ef8\u4e4b\u672b\uff1b\u800c\u6d2a\u541b\u66f2\u6eaa\uff0c\u5169\u5ea6\u7686\u4ee5\u75c5\u5931\u7d04\uff0c\u7136\u6545\u541f\u793e\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ea6\u88dc\u5165\u7109\u3002\u4e88\u592a\u606f\u8b02\u8af8\u541b\u66f0\uff1a\u8b1d\u516c\u4e4b\u98a8\u6d41\uff0c\u5343\u53e4\u5982\u5728\uff1b\u7136\u5176\u6e38\u606f\u65bc\u65af\u4e5f\uff0c\u5247\u8207\u6771\u5c71\u8cd3\u5f9e\u4e4b\u6a02\u7a0d\u4e0d\u540c\u77e3\u3002\u516c\u4e4b\u70ba\u662f\u884c\u4e5f\uff0c\u84cb\u4ee5\u7b26\u6c0f\u4e4b\u4e82\uff0c\u601d\u5317\u5b9a\u4e2d\u539f\u4e5f\u3002\u800c\u5176\u6642\u516c\u5df3\u56f0\u65bc\u8b92\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u5b89\u65bc\u671d\uff1b\u96d6\u5728\u6cb3\u6714\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u4e58\u4e4b\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u660e\u5167\u7d22\uff0c\u5f98\u5f8a\u4e0d\u514b\u81ea\u524d\u3002\u8001\u5e2b\u5de6\u6b21\uff0c\u7adf\u7121\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u5750\u5931\u4e8b\u5e7e\u3002\u543e\u5e38\u904e\u90b5\u4f2f\u4e4b\u57ed\uff0c\u540a\u6cd5\u96f2\u4e4b\u8352\u7960\uff0c\u672a\u5617\u4e0d\u559f\u7136\u7d2f\u557c\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u660e\u5fb7\u4e4b\u8870\u4e5f\u3002\u81f3\u82e5\u4e5d\u65e5\u5609\u540d\uff0c\u9676\u516c\u9ad8\u683c\uff0c\u56fa\u5728\u7fb2\u7687\u61f7\u845b\u4e4b\u9593\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8b80\u5176 \u6b62\u9152\u4e4b\u8a69\uff0c\u84bc\u68a7\u6f22\u6c34\u4e4b\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7626\u8a5e\u5bc4\u5176\u5b64\u61a4\u5247\u592b\u9ec3\u82b1\u767d\u9152\uff0c\u84cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df3\u800c\u6f2b\u8207\u7109\u8005\u3002\u4eca\u543e\u8f29\u751f\u9022\u592a\u5e73\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u66f8\u6deb\u58a8\u7656\uff0c\u662f\u8655\u7559\u9023\uff0c\u80f8\u6b21\u4e2d\u4e86\u7121\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u70ba\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e4b\u5e78\u6c11\uff0c\u8ad6\u4eba\u96d6\u751a\u5abf\uff0c\u8ad6\u5176\u6642\u8207\u5730\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u79c1\u76f8\u6176\u4e5f\u3002\u8af8\u541b\u66f0\uff1a\u5584\u3002\u5716\u4e4b\u8a73\u5df3\u898b\u65bc\u53b2\u541b\u6a0a\u69ad\u8a18\u4e2d\u3002\u4e88\u4e4b\u8a31\u70ba\u5db0\u8c37\u5144\u5f1f\u5e8f\u65af\u5716\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u65bc\u8332\uff1b\u4eca\u590f\u91cd\u62ab\u5716\u6349\u7b46\uff0c\u800c\u5510\u4e08\u5357\u8ed2\uff0c\u5df3\u5316\u70ba\u7570\u7269\u77e3\u3002\u5c0d\u9152\u7576\u6b4c\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u5e7e\u4f55\uff0c\u9858\u8207\u8af8\u541b\u4e26\u65e5\u76f8\u9047\u5f9e\u7109\u3002\u4e19\u5bc5\u590f\u676a\u5b64\u5c71\u793e\u5c0f\u6cc9\u7fc1\u5168\u7956\u671b\u5e8f\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1746, and 1 seal of Quan Zuwang \u5168\u7956\u671b (1705\u20131755): \n\nYangzhou is a metropolis of Jiangbei (north of the Yangzi River). There are endless rows of houses and hustle and bustle\u2014of music and songs, of carriages and crowds\u2014that last throughout the day. Rare indeed are the refined joys of elegant gatherings. \n\nTo the north of the city, the Tianning Temple once served as a place for pleasure and rest for Master Xie of the Jin dynasty, when he was stationed [in the vicinity]. This is the Xing\u2019an, the exquisite residence of my friends the brothers Ma Xiegu [Yueguan] and Ma Bancha [Yuelu]. In size, it does not exceed five mou; but ancient trees and vines abound, [likely] to be hundreds or a thousand years old. Against their dense growth are tall bamboo, spring birds, and autumn insects singing and chirping in harmony. The winding corridors and tall kiosks are spaced in a fitting and comfortable way. [Indeed], if we were to step outside of the door several hundred paces, [we will find] dusty trails and polluted streams, causing one to cringe to see them. Within, however, its quiet atmosphere stirs one to otherworldly thoughts.\n\nOn the [Double] ninth day, the eighth year of Qianlong, Xiegu and his brother summoned fourteen members of the [poetry] club. And, to commemorate the Master Tao [Qian], they brought from their collection his portrait done by Qiu Ying in simple contour line drawing and hung it in the pavilion. [On this occasion], each was to compose one poem. At that time, I was detained in Xileng [Hangzhou], unable to participate. More than several scores of ten days later, when I did arrive, these gentlemen were considering a pictorial document for this event. Xiegu stated: \u201cwe could not do it without you!\u201d and [in so saying] it was decided to extend further its completion, thereby allowing my inclusion in the least conspicuous portion of the scroll. In addition, on account of illness, Mr. Hong Chuxi was twice absent [meaning from the literary gathering itself as well as from the planning session for the painting]. However, since he was a member of the [Hanjiang] Yinshe, his portrait too was to be added.\n\nI sighed and said to these gentlemen: \u201cThe elegant presence of Master Xie is indeed timeless. However, when he rested and took pleasure here, it was quite a different sort than when he had been at the Eastern Mountain, surrounded then by friends and intimates. Master Xie\u2019s emergence from [his carefree lifestyle] was due largely to [his desire] to quell the rebellion of Fu [Jian], with the hope of bringing peace to the Central Plain. [While he was at Yangzhou], however, the Master himself was already beset by slander and felt insecure [about his own position] at the court. Even though he had the opportunities to advance to the north of the river, his mind was turning inward, causing him to hesitate and preventing him from moving forward. In spite of having at his disposal an experienced army, he could not achieve even an inch or a foot of victory. Thus the chance was lost.\n\n\u201cIn the past, I have visited the Shaobo Dam [which the Master had built] and paid homage to the deserted shrine at Fayun. During every one of these occasions, I noted and lamented repeatedly at [what I perceived] as the decline of his will and intelligence.\n\n\u201cAs to this Ninth Day, which commemorated Master Tao, it is true that his lofty personality lies among such ancient emperors as Fu [Fuxi], Wu [Wuhuai], and Ge [Getian], but when I read his poem Stop Drinking, and his lament on the Verdant Trees, and on the Han River, [I find him] cloaking his anger in elegant language. Such is the case that, even with yellow flowers and white wine, they were but his way of obtaining release. \n\n\u201cNow that we are born in a time of peace, we can indulge ourselves in books and writings. Wandering about, without a single worry in our bosoms, we are indeed the fortunate men of the world. Privately, we may still be plagued by guilt, but when it comes to the given time and place, we could not but congratulate ourselves [on our good fortune].\u201d\n\n[Upon hearing this], these gentlemen responded: \u201cHow true it is!\u201d\n\nIn Mr. Li Fanxie\u2019s essay, one can gauge the specifics of the painting. As to my own piece, I have promised to Xiagu and his brother for three years. This summer, as I reopened the scroll and held my brush, [I noted that] Master Tang Nanxian is no longer with us. \u201cHolding a cup of wine, let us sing, before our lives come to end!\u201d It is my wish to spend time with you gentlemen.\n\nThe end of the summer, the year of bingyin [1746], in Gushan She [The Lone Hill Lodge], I, Xiaoquan Weng Quan Zuwang wrote the postscript.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "6 additional colophons and 15 additional seals: \n\n1 colophon, dated 1746, and 1 seal of Huang Zhijun \u9ec3\u4e4b\u96cb (1668-after 1746); \n\n1 colophon and 2 seals of Zha Xiang \u67e5\u7965 (1718 jinshi); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1746, and 3 seals of Zhang Siwen \u5f35\u601d\u554f; \n\n1 colophon, dated 1748, and 4 seals of Shao Dong \u5372\u6771 (1721 jinshi); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1753, and 2 seals of Fang Shiju \u65b9\u4e16\u8209 (signing as Fang Funan \u65b9\u6276\u5357); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1808, of Ruan Yuan \u962e\u5143 (1764\u20131849); \n\n3 seals unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "Year in Review: 1979. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "The Elegant Brush: Chinese Painting under the Ch'ien-lung. Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ (August 25-October 6, 1985); Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (February 8-March 23, 1986); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (May 13-August 13, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-08-25T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "The Eccentric Painters of Yangzhou. China Institute in America, New York, NY (October 20-December 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-10-20T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2013-July 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-21T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ma Yueguan \u99ac\u66f0\u742f [1688\u20131755] and Ma Yuelu \u99ac\u66f0\u7490 [1697\u2013after 1766], Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Brothers Ma Yueguan and Ma Yuelu, who hosted the Ninth Day Literary Gathering at their Xing\u2019an garden, were wealthy salt merchants, poets, collectors, and patrons of the arts.
"], "date": "1743\u2013after 1766", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Chen Kuilin \u9673\u5914\u9e9f [1855\u2013after 1915]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Wan-go Weng \u7fc1\u842c\u6208 [1918\u20132020], Lyme, NH, sold sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Inspired in part by this painting, Wan-go Weng painted a handscroll to commemorate an \u201celegant gathering\u201d of his own that took place in April 1985, when six of the most respected historians of Chinese painting and calligraphy met to view the Weng collection. Elegant Gathering at the Laixi Residence \u840a\u6eaa\u96c5\u96c6\u5716\u5377 is now in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (accession number 2018.2899).
"], "date": "?\u20131979", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two hosts and their fourteen guests were all officials, scholars, poets, painters, and salt merchants.", "description": "By the 1700s, Yangzhou was flourishing both economically and culturally as the most prosperous city in China, having surpassed all other Jiangnan cities in their creation of gardens. This group portrait commemorates a literary gathering in the private garden of the salt merchants and art patrons Ma Yueguan (1688\u20131755) and his brother Ma Yuelu (1697\u2013after 1766) in Yangzhou. Ma Yueguan received imperial recognition for providing financial aid and food relief for those affected by flood and drought. Ma Yueguan is seen seated at the end of the painting holding an open scroll while Ma Yuelu stands behind the qin instrument player. Among the guests were officials, scholars, poets, painters, and merchants, a mix of local members of a poetry club reflecting increasing social diversity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474098"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.72-the-ninth-day-litera"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Li, Dou \u674e\u6597, Wang Beiping \u6c6a\u5317\u5e73, and Tu Yugong \u6d82\u96e8\u516c. Yangzhou hua fang lu \u63da\u5dde\u756b\u822b\u9304. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju chu ban; Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing, 1960. (Preface dated 1795).", "page_number": "Mentioned: IV, 6(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chen, Kuilin \u9673\u5914\u9e9f. Bao yu ge shu hua lu \u5bf6\u8fc2\u95a3\u66f8\u756b\u9304 . Shanghai: [publisher not identified], 1915. (Preface dated 1855).", "page_number": "Mentioned: III, 57(b)-61(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferguson, John C \u798f\u958b\u68ee. Li dai zhu lu hua mu \u6b77\u4ee3\u8457\u9304\u7575\u76ee. Nanjing: Chin-ling University, Zhong guo wen hua yan jiu suo \u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: I, supp., p. 9(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013178, pl. 82, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 67, no. 3 (March 1980): 58\u201399.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 115, p. 86; Mentioned: p. 62", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 275, pp. 372\u2013376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi, and Claudia Brown. The Elegant Brush: Chinese Painting Under the Qianlong Emperor, 1735-1795. Phoenix, AZ: Phoenix Art Museum, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 34, p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graham, Patricia J. \"Lifestyles of Scholar-Painters in Edo Japan.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 7 (1990): 262\u2013283.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265; Mentioned: pp. 264\u2013265, 282", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161293"}, {"citation": "Giacalone, Vito, and Ginger Cheng-chi Hsu\u0308. The Eccentric Painters of Yangzhou. New York City: China House Gallery, China Institute in America, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 1, p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist, Robert E., and Gonglin Li. Painting and Private Life in Eleventh-Century China: Mountain Villa by Li Gonglin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 46, p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thorp, Robert L., and Richard Ellis Vinograd. Chinese Art & Culture. New York: Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 345, 9-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nelson, Susan E. \"Revisiting the Eastern fence: Tao Qian's chrysanthemums.\" Art Bulletin, September 2001, Vol. 83, Issue 3, pp. 437\u2013460.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 445", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita, Massoud Saidpour, \"Reflections of Art and Theater\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 44 no. 08, October 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-08/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Pirazzoli-t\u02bcSerstevens, Miche\u0300le, and Anne Kerlan-Stephens. Autour des collections d'art en Chine au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Gene\u0300ve: Librairie Droz, 2008.", "page_number": "pg. 146, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chiem, Kristen. \"Picturing Common Ground: Painting and Poetic Exchange Beyond Eighteenth-Century Yangzhou.\" Artibus Asiae 73, no. 1 (2013): 181\u2013218.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 202, 203, fig. 13", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/24240771"}, {"citation": "Finnane, Antonia. Speaking of Yangzhou: A Chinese City, 1550-1850. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 22, p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 447\u2013453", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zhang, Jinhua, and Don Cohn. The Classical Chinese Furniture of Weiyang: Literati Culture and Craftsmanship in the Yangzhou Region During the Ming and Qing Dynasties. London: Rasika/Sylph Editions, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 36\u201337, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vinograd, Richard Ellis. Facing China: Truth and Memory in Portraiture. London: Reaktion Books, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013177, fig. 84", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 378\u2013379, no. 208", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.72/1979.72_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "205", "filesize": "225343", "filename": "1979.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.72/1979.72_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "552", "filesize": "1560000", "filename": "1979.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.72/1979.72_full.tif", "width": "10000", "height": "1624", "filesize": "48738544", "filename": "1979.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-02-07T16:33:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.72/1979.72_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "58", "filesize": "67216"}, "print": {"url": 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active late 1600s\u2013mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u8449\u82b3\u6797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1743, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1743", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Literary Gathering at a Yangchou Garden", "The Literary Gathering at a Yangzhou Garden", "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an \u4e5d\u65e5\u884c\u5eb5\u6587\u8b8c\u5716", "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:19.299000"}, {"id": 150955, "accession_number": "1982.36", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saints Presenting a Devout Woman to the Virgin and Child, 1720s. Giovanni Battista Pittoni (Italian, 1687\u20131767). Oil on canvas; framed: 185 x 149 x 6.5 cm (72 13/16 x 58 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 172 x 135.5 cm (67 11/16 x 53 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1982.36", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Saints Presenting a Devout Woman to the Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "1720s", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1729, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 185 x 149 x 6.5 cm (72 13/16 x 58 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 172 x 135.5 cm (67 11/16 x 53 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.85, "width": 1.49, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 1.72, "width": 1.355}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "The Year in Review for 1982. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228379, "title": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art", "description": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Newhouse Galleries, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1982", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Baron Andr\u00e9 Descamps, Brussels, possibly consigned to Newhouse Galleries", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Possibly 1941-1982", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Fievez, Brussels, sale, June 23-24, 1941, no. 232", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
This auction was organized by the Belgian royal family to benefit l\u2019Oeuvre Nationale de Service Social aux Familles de Militaires. The catalogue\u2019s preface, written by Princess Jean de M\u00e9rode, indicates that the objects in the auction were donated by various collectors, connoisseurs, and philanthropists, although these individuals are not identified in the catalogue.
"], "date": "1941", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galerie Georges Giroux, Brussels, Broerman sale, March 21, 1927, lot 24, as Giambattista Tiepolo)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Eugene Broerman [1860-1930], Brussels, consigned to Galerie Georges Giroux", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Possibly 1924-1927", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Piccoli collection, Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The Piccoli collection may be that of Giuseppe Piccoli, a collector who lived in Venice. The museum\u2019s records originally listed Piccoli later in the provenance \u2013 in between the 1927 Galerie Georges Giroux sale and the 1941 Galerie Fievez sale. However, this chronology seems incorrect: If Giuseppe Piccoli is indeed the Piccoli in question, he could not have purchased it at the 1927 sale, since he had died in 1924. Furthermore, the geographical trajectory indicated by the museum\u2019s original provenance (Belluno/Brussels/Venice/Brussels) is less logical than a provenance in which the painting went from Belluno to Venice, and then to Brussels for a longer, uninterrupted period of time. Verification of this new proposed provenance is ongoing.\u201d
The individual who commissioned the painting is unknown, as is the original location of the chapel, which secondary sources have not identified, but have cited as since demolished.
"], "date": "1720s", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A devout woman, shown at lower right, is presented by saints and an angel to the central Virgin and Child. In clockwise order from her is Saint Lucy, identified by the cauldron and sword at her feet; Saint Agnes, by the lamb; Saint Scholastica, by the dove she holds; and Saint Benedict, characterized by his crozier and Benedictine habit. Slightly below the central Madonna is Saint Veronica, whose head is covered. Behind Saint Veronica, Saint Anthony of Padua, wearing a Franciscan habit and holding a lily stalk, stands in a pose of adoration. Below Saint Anthony and next to the woman is an angel. The identity of the woman is uncertain, but she may be the painting's patron. Pittoni uses dramatic gestures and elegant drapery, while the soft treatment of light and rich colors reflect Pittoni's study of French Rococo art during his stay in France in 1720. In the crowded composition, Pittoni has emphasized the importance of the religious event. His experimentation with composition is evident in the legs of Saint Agnes's lamb; as the painting has aged, a third front leg that Pittoni had painted over has become visible.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475019"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.36-saints-presenting-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Broerman, Eug. Catalogue de la collection Euge\u0300ne Broerman: tableaux anciens detout premier ordre, dessins et meubles anciens, tapis pre\u0301cieux : la vente publique en aura lieu, par le ministe\u0300re de mai\u0302tre E. Denayer, huissier, 19, rue Ernest-Allard, a\u0300 Bruxelles le lundi 21 mars 1927, a\u0300 2 heures dans les salles de la Galerie Georges Giroux. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1927.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Fievez. Tableaux anciens et modernes, sculptures, mobiliers, argenteries, bijoux; verres grave\u0301s, antiquite\u0301s, dessins, gravures, livres. Bruxelles: Galerie Fievez, 1941.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Broerman, Eug. Catalogue de la collection Euge\u0300ne Broerman: tableaux anciens detout premier ordre, dessins et meubles anciens, tapis pre\u0301cieux : la vente publique en aura lieu, par le ministe\u0300re de mai\u0302tre E. Denayer, huissier, 19, rue Ernest-Allard, a\u0300 Bruxelles le lundi 21 mars 1927, a\u0300 2 heures dans les salles de la Galerie Georges Giroux. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1927.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Fievez. Tableaux anciens et modernes, sculptures, mobiliers, argenteries, bijoux; verres grave\u0301s, antiquite\u0301s, dessins, gravures, livres. Bruxelles: Galerie Fievez, 1941.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Zava Boccazzi, Franca. Pittoni. Venezia: Alfieri, 1979", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Fievez. Tableaux anciens et modernes, sculptures, mobiliers, argenteries, bijoux; verres grave\u0301s, antiquite\u0301s, dessins, gravures, livres. Bruxelles: Galerie Fievez, 1941.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie George Ciroux: Catalogue de la Collection Euge\u0300ne Broerman. 1927.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 48, no. 24, pl. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Co\u0300ggiola Pittoni, Laura. Opere Inedite, Rivendicate o poco note di Giambattista Pittoni. Venezia, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P.31, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pittoni, Laura Cogiola. \"Pseudo influenza francese nell'arte di Giambattista Pittoni.\" Rivista di Venezia XII, no. 8 (August 1933): 399-412.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 410, no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Fievez (Brussels). Catalogue d'une vente publique de tableaux anciens et modernes, sculptures, mobiliers, argenteries,bijoux, collection de verres grav\u00e9s, antiquit\u00e9s, dessins, gravures, livres. La vente, organis\u00e9e au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l'Oeuvre Nationale de Service Social aux Familles de Militaires aura lieu \u00e0 la Galerie Fernand Fievez par minist\u00e8re de Me. H. Nicaise, huissier, ... \u00e0 Bruxelles les lundi 23 et mardi 24 juin 1941. Bruxelles: Fievez, 1941.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 48, no. 232, pl. VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ruggeri, Ugo. Corpus graphicum Bergomense. Disegni inediti di collezioni bergamasche. Bergamo, Italy: Monumenta Bergomensia, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29. (drawing)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zava Boccazzi, Franca. Pittoni. Venezia, Italy: Alfieri, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1982.\" The Bulletin of The ClevelandMuseum of Art LXX, no. 1(January, 1983): 3-55.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 14; Mentioned p. 50, no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, p. 486", "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arslan, W. \"Breve Nota su Pittoni.\" Bollettino d'Arte del Ministero della Educazione Nazionale Ser. IV, no. XXXVI (1951): 27-30.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 30, n. 6", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.36", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.36/1982.36_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "435880", "filename": "1982.36_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.36/1982.36_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6060036", "filename": "1982.36_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.36/1982.36_full.tif", "width": "4658", "height": "6000", "filesize": "83878064", "filename": "1982.36_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-02-23T19:41:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.36/1982.36_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "90842"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.36/1982.36_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2061509"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.36/1982.36_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4483", "height": "5567", "filesize": "74898520"}}, {"date_created": "2012-02-23T18:36:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.36/1982.36_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "138488"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.36/1982.36_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2763", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1856657"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.36/1982.36_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4532", "height": "5576", "filesize": "75838536"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 150955, "creators": [{"id": 2268, "description": "Giovanni Battista Pittoni (Italian, 1687\u20131767)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1687", "death_year": "1767", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1720s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:50.561000"}, {"id": 123676, "accession_number": "1944.225", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Covered Sugar Bowl (Pot \u00e0 sucre), 1745\u201348. Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory (French, 1740\u20131756). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.225", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Covered Sugar Bowl (Pot \u00e0 sucre)", "creation_date": "1745\u201348", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.081, "width": 0.162}, "No Extent Specified": {}, "whole": {"height": 0.153, "width": 0.162}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "In red on bottom of bowl: P.M.\nIn red on interior of lid: P.M. 16 4.8B", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Three separate shades of purple, one of the most expensive colors to produce on porcelain during this time, are used extensively in this object\u2019s paintings.", "description": "This covered bowl, likely intended for sugar, is one of the earliest surviving examples of Vincennes porcelain, a reputed French factory moved to S\u00e8vres in 1756. The continuous landscape is painted on this object en pointill\u00e9, a method by which a painter forms images with tiny dots. This style may have been influenced by their German competitors at the Meissen Porcelain Factory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741230"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.225-covered-sugar-bowl-p"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Morgan, J. Pierpont, and Xavier Roger Marie Chavagnac. Catalogue des porcelaines franc\u0327aises de m. J. Pierpont Morgan. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1910.", "page_number": "p. 49-50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alfassa, P., and Jacques Gue\u0301rin. Porcelaine franc\u0327aise du XVIIe au milieu du XIXe sie\u0300cle. Paris: A. Le\u0301vy, 1931.", "page_number": "p. 45, plate 35B", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \u201cEarly French and German Porcelain Formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan Collection.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 9 (1944): 160\u201366. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141159.", "page_number": "p. 160-66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. 1948. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain of France.\" Art Quarterly 11, no. 4 (Autumn 1948): 335-347.", "page_number": "p. 339, 345-46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. III/278", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Vincennees-Se\u0300vres Porcelain at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Antiques 85, no. 3 (March 1964): 322-325.", "page_number": "p. 322-23", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.225", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.225/1944.225_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "793", "filesize": "177249", "filename": "1944.225_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.225/1944.225_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2995", "filesize": "1126472", "filename": "1944.225_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.225/1944.225_full.tif", "width": "6343", "height": "5588", "filesize": "106359640", "filename": "1944.225_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": 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"width": "2914", "height": "2835", "filesize": "845701"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2914", "height": "2835", "filesize": "24813656"}}, {"date_created": "2021-09-20T18:58:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "791", "filesize": "181324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2990", "filesize": "1179098"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6343", "height": "5579", "filesize": "106188568"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-18T20:27:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "875", "height": "900", "filesize": "136461"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2875", "height": "2957", "filesize": "865764"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt7_full.tif", "width": "2875", "height": "2957", "filesize": "25534736"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-18T20:32:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "858", "height": "900", "filesize": "132269"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2880", "height": "3020", "filesize": "874518"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225/1944.225_alt8_full.tif", "width": "2880", "height": "3020", "filesize": "26123376"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123676, "creators": [{"id": 301841, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory (French, 1740\u20131756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French porcelain factory, active ca. 1740-1756", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1745\u201348", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Covered Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:33.902000"}, {"id": 311742, "accession_number": "2018.27", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bow Stand, 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver. Wood and plant fiber; without base: 57.9 x 23 x 10 cm (22 13/16 x 9 1/16 x 3 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.27", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Bow Stand", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver"], "technique": "Wood and plant fiber", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "without base: 57.9 x 23 x 10 cm (22 13/16 x 9 1/16 x 3 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"without base": {"height": 0.579, "width": 0.23, "depth": 0.1}, "with base": {"height": 0.632}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 324225, "title": "African art rotation", "description": "African art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20, 2019-October 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Utotombo: l'art d'Afrique Noire dans les Collections Prive\u0301es Belges, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (25 March-5 June, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-03-25T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Luba, aux Sources du Za\u00efre, Mus\u00e9e Dapper, Paris (25 November 1993-17 April 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-25T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ex: Belgian Colonial Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Pierre Danhaive, Namur, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Christine Valluet, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Dr. William McGuire, Minnesota, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20132018", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shape of this wooden bow stand is based on a more practical version in metal used by hunters.", "description": "A powerful symbol of the Luba king, bow stands were ceremonial objects that resided within the king\u2019s private vicinity in the palace and were never displayed in public. Typically, bow stands depict a female figure, but the sculptor has carved a figure with ambiguously gendered human traits. This is a symbolic depiction that may allude to how divine rulers (mulopwe) were believed to have both \u201cmale\u201d and \u201cfemale\u201d character traits, which allowed this sculpture to act as a vessel for spirits of any gender.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79873615"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.27-bow-stand"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Debbaut, Jan, Dominique Favart, and G. van Geertruyen. Utotombo: l'art d'Afrique noire dans les collections prive\u0301es belges : Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles, 25 mars-5 juin 1988. Bruxelles: Palais des beaux-arts, 1988.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neyt, Franc\u0327ois. Luba: to the sources of the Zaire. 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Anne-Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson (French, 1767\u20131824). Pen and brown and black ink, point of brush and brown and gray wash, with black chalk and graphite, heightened with white gouache, on cream wove paper; sheet: 28.5 x 21.8 cm (11 1/4 x 8 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1989.101", "current_location": null, "title": "The Meeting of Orestes and Hermione", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, early 19th Century"], "technique": "pen and brown and black ink, point of brush and brown and gray wash, with black chalk and graphite, heightened with white gouache, on cream wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 28.5 x 21.8 cm (11 1/4 x 8 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.285, "width": 0.218}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in brown ink: ALG [artist\u2019s monogram] / INV.; lower left, in black chalk: A L GIRODET INV.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "The Year in Review for 1989. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 219170, "title": "Girodet: Romantic Rebel", "description": "Girodet: Romantic Rebel. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (September 19, 2005-January 2, 2006); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (May 22-August 27, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Salon de 1800. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris (1800).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Master Drawings, 1760\u20131880. W. M. Brady & Co., New York (May 2\u201322, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Pierre Didot l\u2019Ain\u00e9 [1760\u20131853], Paris, given with other drawings in vellum edition to his brother, Firmin Didot", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Firmin Didot [1764\u20131836], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
A mention in the 1824 book catalogue by Van Praet suggests that the drawing was still in Firmin Didot's possession that year.
"], "date": "?-1810", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(his sale, De Bure, Paris, 1810, no. 679 [withdrawn from sale])", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1810", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Didot family collection, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1810-by 1947", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Frederick J. Cummings [1933\u20131990], New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1989", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(W. M. Brady & Co. Inc., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Master Drawings 1760-1880. New York: W. M. Brady & Co. Inc., 1990, no. 17 (repr.).
"], "date": "1989", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1989-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The leg of the table behind Hermione has the form of a siren, a dangerous mythological creature that destroys anyone who hears its song.", "description": "When the French painter Jacques-Louis David was approached to work on a new edition of Jean Racine\u2019s plays, he passed the task to his pupil Girodet, who excelled at illustrating literature. This highly refined drawing depicts a scene from Racine\u2019s Andromaque, a complicated story of unrequited love and political treachery. Cl\u00e9one introduces the love-blind Orestes to Hermione, who exploits his affection to make him do her bidding. Girodet skillfully contrasts Orestes\u2019s eagerness and Hermione\u2019s calculating character. With folded arms, she turns away, as if a statue between the columns of a cool marble interior. Yet Hermione\u2019s sly, backward glance alerts the viewer of her cunning manipulation, which eventually drives Orestes mad.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759965"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.101-the-meeting-of-orest"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Explication des ouvrages de peinture et dessins, sculpture, architecture et gravure, des artistes vivans [sic]. Paris: Imprimerie des sciences et arts, 1800.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no. 170.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Annales du muse\u0301e et de l\u2019\u00e9cole moderne des beaux-arts, premi\u00e8re collection, tome compl\u00e9mentaire. Paris: C. P. Landon, 1809.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 71, 162; Reproduced: pl. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue des livres rares, pre\u0301cieux, et tre\u0300s-bien conditionne\u0301s, du cabinet de M. Firmin Didot. Paris: De Bure, 1810.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue de livres imprim\u00e9s sur v\u00e9lin. Paris: De Bure, 1824.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 168", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coupin, P. A. \u0152uvres posthumes de Girodet-Trioson. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1829.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1: p. xxxix, lxxviij; vol. 2: p. 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "Collection des livrets des anciennes expositions depuis 1673 jusqu\u2019en 1800: Exposition de 1800. Paris: Liepmannssohn, 1872.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35, no. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "L\u2019Illustration en France et en Belgique de 1800 a\u0300 1914: Cent livres de la re\u0301serve pre\u0301cieuse du muse\u0301e royal de Mariemont. Exh. cat. Mariemont: Muse\u0301e royal de Mariemont, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Osborne, Carol Margot. Pierre Didot the Elder and French Book Illustration, 1789\u20131822. New York: Garland, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 37, 120-121, 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Master Drawings, 1760\u20131880. Exh. cat. New York: W. M. Brady & Co., 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "E. H. T. \u201cThe Year in Review: Selections 1989.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 2 (February 1990): 38\u201378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50; Mentioned: p. 74, no. 149", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160106"}, {"citation": "Campbell, Richard J., and Victor Carlson. Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawings. Exh. cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 37, 216-17, no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 9, 124, 290, no. 48; Reproduced: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain, Girodet 1767\u20131824. Exh. cat. Paris: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 175n35, 440\u201341 (ill.), no. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. Le Dessin franc\u0327ais au XIXe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Louvre e\u0301ditions, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 66-69, no. 1", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.101", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.101/1989.101_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "332996", "filename": "1989.101_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.101/1989.101_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4439581", "filename": "1989.101_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.101/1989.101_full.tif", "width": "9919", "height": "12955", "filesize": "385532188", "filename": "1989.101_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "527577"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2040", "filesize": "2877542"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2040", "filesize": "9403764"}}, {"date_created": "2013-12-19T11:22:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "243557"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2618", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2961074"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5575", "height": "7241", "filesize": "121138056"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-09T12:46:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "900", "filesize": "405954"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2807", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5421288"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "12904", "filesize": "412391848"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-09T12:54:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "900", "filesize": "226866"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3410638"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.101/1989.101_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8782", "height": "11380", "filesize": "299844816"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154305, "creators": [{"id": 1697, "description": "Anne-Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson (French, 1767\u20131824)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "On the advice of his architecture instructor \u00c9tienne-Louis Boull\u00e9e (1728-1799), Girodet enrolled in the atelier of David (q.v.) in 1783 to study painting, working alongside other young artists like Gros (q.v.) and Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Wicar (1762-1834) who were also taught in David's neoclassical style. Girodet's early works display the influence of David in the linear and sculptural quality of his figures. After three consecutive years of competing for the Prix de Rome, he finally won at his fourth effort in 1789. Later that year the Revolution broke out in France and Girodet made numerous drawings of the fall of the Bastille. In 1790 he left for Italy where he stayed for five years. During that time his style changed and softened under the influence of the works of Leonardo (1452-1519) and Correggio (1489/94-1534). Girodet strove to be unique and original in his depictions and even went to great lengths to oppose David's neoclassicism. His new interest in atmospheric and light effects differed from that of his teacher. He made a name for himself at the Salon of 1793, with his submission of Sleep of Endymion (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). After his return to Paris from Italy, Girodet became known as a portrait painter and accepted numerous commissions, but many of them were either late in delivery or never completed. Girodet's tendency to interpret commissions to prove his own originality often offended and alienated his patrons. He did not find official success at the Salon again until 1808 and produced little after 1815.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1767", "death_year": "1824", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:24.486000"}, {"id": 163793, "accession_number": "2005.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sculptural Element from a Reliquary Ensemble (mbulu ngulu), probably 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Gabon, Kota-style maker. Wood, copper alloy, and iron; overall: 61 x 27.5 x 3 cm (24 x 10 13/16 x 1 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2005.2", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Sculptural Element from a Reliquary Ensemble (mbulu ngulu)", "creation_date": "probably 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Gabon, Kota-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, copper alloy, and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 61 x 27.5 x 3 cm (24 x 10 13/16 x 1 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.61, "width": 0.275, "depth": 0.03}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 34, p. 117, color repr. p. 11.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Willem Vranken-Hoet, Brussels, Belgium, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132005", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Purchased by the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The diamond-shaped \"body\" of this sculpture was originally pushed into a container of ancestral relics (bones) up to its \"shoulders.\" Metal covers only areas of the wood that were left visible.", "description": "The ethnic map of eastern Gabon is extremely complicated as a result of continuous migratory movements since the 17th century. Kota is the name of one of three culturally closely related people. All share the tradition of commemorating and honoring ancestors through the preservation and worship of sacred ancestral relics within cylindrical bark containers or bound in fiber packets. Covered with sheets of copper and brass, this abstract wooden human-shaped figure\u2014distilled to a planar surface\u2014served as a guardian set atop a basket container holding the skull, certain bones, and other relics of a deceased man. It belonged to a religious institution that honored the memory of individuals who made major contributions during their lifetime. The luminosity of the copper and brass covering was considered intimidating and spiritually empowered to deflect harm and thus protect the owner and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757903"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.2-sculptural-element-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Debbaut, Jan, Dominique Favart, G. van Geertruyen, and Palais des beaux-arts (Brussels, Belgium). 1988. Utotombo : L\u2019art D\u2019afrique Noire Dans Les Collections Prive\u0301es Belges : Socie\u0301te\u0301 Des Expositions Du Palais Des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles, 25 Mars-5 Juin 1988 Ed. franc\u0327aise ed. Bruxelles: Palais des beaux-arts, Illustration of piece on p. 90, catalogue entry on p. 293-4.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". African Arts. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011. Pg. 54; 58-59, Fig. 6.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, C. Griffith Mann, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 2012. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, p. 236-7.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Perrois, Louis. Kota. Milan: 5 Continents Editions; New York : Distributed in the United States and Canada by Harry N. Abrams, 2012. Pg 47, pl 25.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"An Obsession with Heads: The Impact of African Arts, Anthropology, and Photography on the Works of Alberto Giacometti,\" Medium (May 2022).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/an-obsession-with-heads-968e8e8c2d30"}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 11, no. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. The Visual Arts of Africa : Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 237, no. 8.10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nzewi, Ugochukwu-Smooth C. \"Martin Puryear and Africa.\" In Martin Puryear: Nexus, edited by Emily Liebert, 142-151. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 147-148, fig. 61", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.2/2005.2_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "176925", "filename": "2005.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.2/2005.2_print.jpg", "width": "2270", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1008304", "filename": "2005.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.2/2005.2_full.tif", "width": "3316", "height": "4966", "filesize": "49414968", "filename": "2005.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-03-02T19:26:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.2/2005.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "893", "filesize": "222019"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.2/2005.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2204", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3216871"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.2/2005.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3241", "height": "5000", "filesize": "48633916"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163793, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-02-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:06.812000"}, {"id": 296871, "accession_number": "2018.203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Candle Stands (torch\u00e8res), c. 1773. Thomas Chippendale (British, 1718\u20131779). Gilt-wood, gesso; each: 154 x 56 x 51 cm (60 5/8 x 22 1/16 x 20 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2018.203", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Candle Stands (torch\u00e8res)", "creation_date": "c. 1773", "creation_date_earliest": 1768, "creation_date_latest": 1778, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "Gilt-wood, gesso", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Each: 154 x 56 x 51 cm (60 5/8 x 22 1/16 x 20 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"each": {"height": 1.54, "width": 0.56, "depth": 0.51}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne [1748-1819], commissioned from the maker, then by descent to Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr [1839-1927].", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "probably 1773-1923", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Talbot Kerr [1839-1927]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131923", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Messrs. Foster, house sale at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, March 9, 1923, no. 364, sold to Sir Charles Nall-Cain, 1st Lord Brocket [1866-1934]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1923\u20131934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sir Charles Nall-Cain, 1st Lord Brocket [1866-1934], then by descent to the Lord Brocket Will Trust", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1923\u20131934", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Lord Brocket Will Trust", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934\u2013?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, November 16, 1995, lot 357, sold to Mr. S. Jon Gerstenfeld, Washington, DC)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "S. Jon Gerstenfeld, Washington, DC", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995\u2013?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, July 5, 2018, no. 9, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Candle stands usually held silver or crystal candelabra that were lit for evening entertainment.", "description": "This pair of gilded candle stands was made by Thomas Chippendale, the most renowned cabinetmaker in eighteenth-century London, for the grand drawing room of Brocket Hall, a large country house in Hertfordshire, England. With finely carved acanthus leaves, swags, fluting, and oval masks depicting the Roman goddess Diana, these candle stands exhibit Chippendale\u2019s masterful understanding of neoclassical proportion, scale, and ornament. His landmark book of furniture designs, The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker\u2019s Director (first published in 1754), was highly admired as a source of inspiration by cabinetmakers and architects around England as well as in Europe and America.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758186"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.203-pair-of-candle-stand"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Tipping. H. Avray. \"Brockett Hall-III: The Seat of Sir Charles Nall-Cain.\" Country Life 58, no. 1489 (July 18, 1925) 96-103.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97, pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tipping, H. Avray. English Homes, Period VI - Volume 1, Late Georgian, 1760-1820. London: Offices of Country Life, 1926.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, plate 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilbert, Christopher. The Life and Work of Thomas Chippendale. London: Studio Vista, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 263 (v. 1); Reproduced: p. 10, figs. 18 & 19 (v. 2) ; p. 209, (v. 2) figs. 381-381", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's London. Important English Furniture. July 7, 1994. no. 100.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120; Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's London. Important English Furniture. November 16, 1995. Lot 357.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 178; Reproduced: p. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lennox-Boyd, Edward. Masterpieces of English Furniture: The Gerstenfeld Collection. London: Christie's Books, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 96-97; Mentioned: pp. 95-96.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's London. Thomas Chippendale: 300 Years. July 5, 2018, Lot 9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p 56; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen. \u201cAcquisitions 2018: Decorative Art and Design.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 2 (March/April 2019): 10-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-02/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Griswold, William M. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2013-20) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d Burlington Magazine 163, no. 1414 (January 2021): 93-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 96, no. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.203/2018.203_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "2018.203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.203/2018.203_print.jpg", "width": "2608", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "2018.203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.203/2018.203_full.tif", "width": "9070", "height": "11824", "filesize": "", "filename": "2018.203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-08-31T13:42:11.062000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "900", "filesize": "129570"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2671", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1173123"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5792", "height": "7372", "filesize": "128135092"}}, {"date_created": "2018-08-31T13:43:51.056000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "900", "filesize": "130786"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2724", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1200439"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5792", "height": "7229", "filesize": "125649876"}}, {"date_created": "2020-03-13T11:21:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2686", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.203/2018.203_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9337", "height": "11820", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "6e65ba98b92a4f8ab973a618bc63670f", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/6e65ba98b92a4f8ab973a618bc63670f", "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 296871, "creators": [{"id": 16318, "description": "Thomas Chippendale (British, 1718\u20131779)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1718", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-07-05T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1768, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1773", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:02:49.198000"}, {"id": 119036, "accession_number": "1940.1221", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1735. Christian Friedrich Zincke (German, 1683/85\u20131767). Enamel on copper in a gold frame with a blue glass and hair reverse; framed: 5.1 x 4.3 cm (2 x 1 11/16 in.); unframed: 4.5 x 3.6 cm (1 3/4 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1940.1221", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1737, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "enamel on copper in a gold frame with a blue glass and hair reverse", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 5.1 x 4.3 cm (2 x 1 11/16 in.); Unframed: 4.5 x 3.6 cm (1 3/4 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.051, "width": 0.043}, "unframed": {"height": 0.045, "width": 0.036}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23, 2013 - May 20, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-07-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "William Edward Hurcomb, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(S. J. Phillips, London, England, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1940", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Unlike fragile portrait miniatures painted in watercolor on vellum or ivory, which are prone to cracking, fading, and flaking, enamels are resilient, impervious to the effects of light, and retain their striking original colors over time.", "description": "The unknown sitter's shoulders are turned to the right, and he is painted almost full face. He wears a bright blue velvet coat with covered buttons, deep yellow embroidered waistcoat, and white stock collar with double lace frill down the front. His powdered wig falls to his shoulders. He has gray eyes and is clean shaven with rosy cheeks, and the background is dark brown. The miniature is set in a gold locket-style frame. The back displays a lock of dark brown hair inside a border of bright blue foiled glass\u2014a popular framing style for miniatures in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and, therefore, surely a later addition.
Since the publication of the Greene collection catalogue in 1951, the attribution of this miniature has been disputed, with experts alternately suggesting Christian Friedrich Zincke and possibly Charles Boit (1663\u20131727). The evidence in favor of Zincke, however, is far stronger than it is for Boit, who had not worked in England for over a decade before his death in 1727, several years before the most plausible date for this portrait. Among Zincke\u2019s hallmarks are lips painted two different colors\u2014here, purplish pink on top and orange on the bottom\u2014a practice that became increasingly pronounced later in his career. This portrait also exhibits Zincke\u2019s characteristic treatment of the eyes during this period: he framed the eyes with individually painted black dots to represent eyelashes. The counter-enamel is not inscribed but has the smooth appearance of the counter-enamels customarily associated with Zincke\u2019s later career.
A miniature identical in all but the facial features appeared at Christie\u2019s, London, in 2004. Zincke often used this costume consisting of a blue (or sometimes brown) velvet jacket with covered buttons, yellow embroidered waistcoat, and frilled lace cravat. An example that sold at Christie\u2019s in 1996 is signed and dated 1734. Another closely related and unsigned example by Zincke in the Metropolitan Museum of Art has been dated to c. 1745, indicating when this attire was frequently employed by Zincke\u2019s studio.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014258"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1221-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; p. 32, no. 50, pl. IV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n51"}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 23, pp. 120-122", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1221", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1221/1940.1221_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "142741", "filename": "1940.1221_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1221/1940.1221_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1636796", "filename": "1940.1221_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1221/1940.1221_full.tif", "width": "6961", "height": "6961", "filesize": "145394760", "filename": "1940.1221_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-25T19:54:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "62952"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "601473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144025056"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-25T19:03:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "420214"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4889737"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3728", "height": "4833", "filesize": "54084880"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-26T19:47:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "728", "height": "893", "filesize": "420562"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2773", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5131528"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3426", "height": "4200", "filesize": "43208932"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:49:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "152418"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1775821"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6961", "height": "6961", "filesize": "145394476"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-16T18:43:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "415309"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2913", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5797119"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2927", "height": "3416", "filesize": "30024676"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-16T18:51:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "345028"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2806", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4260258"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2971", "height": "3599", "filesize": "64180324"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-25T20:09:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "79015"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "902806"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1221/1940.1221_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023352"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119036, "creators": [{"id": 3697, "description": "Christian Friedrich Zincke (German, 1683/85\u20131767)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Christian Friedrich Zincke was born in Dresden, Germany, where he apprenticed with his goldsmith father.1 At the invitation of the master enamelist Charles Boit (1663\u20131727), Zincke traveled to England in 1706, became Boit\u2019s pupil, and later established the most successful enamel-painting studio in England. Several generations of British monarchs patronized Zincke, including Queen Anne, King George I, and particularly King George II, a great lover of enamels. During the early years of his practice, Zincke charged under 7 guineas for a portrait, and although inflation remained steady, he was able to command up to 30 guineas by the end of his career. This substantial increase not only indicates the artist\u2019s rise in popularity, but it also speaks to his deteriorating vision, as the larger fees were implemented to limit the number of commissions taxing Zincke\u2019s failing eyesight, which forced him to give up painting professionally in the mid-1740s. The enameling techniques utilized in portrait miniatures were developed during the early seventeenth century, but the first half of the eighteenth century was the heyday of enamel painting in Britain. The art form was prized for its resilience and brilliant colors, though the complicated and labor-intensive process of individually firing multiple layers of colored metal oxide made it more difficult to create a faithful likeness. Zincke executed portraits from life as well as copied older portraits in oil from artists including Peter Lely (1618\u20131680) and Godfrey Kneller (1646\u20131723). Always willing to flatter his sitters, Zincke was known to make some of his sitters appear more youthful and to work from earlier portraits. In spite of the fact that many miniatures by Zincke are signed on the counter-enamel, attribution is complicated by the fact that he kept an industrious studio populated with students and assistants of varying talents. He began to teach over a decade after his eyesight failed, and among his better-known students were William Prewett (active 1733\u2013c. 1750) and Jeremias Majer (1735\u20131789), whose work is also in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1767", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man in Blue Coat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:23.610000"}, {"id": 152003, "accession_number": "1984.58", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hen and Chicks Covered Tureen on Stand, c. 1755. Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 24.8 x 34.9 x 25.7 cm (9 3/4 x 13 3/4 x 10 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1984.58", "current_location": null, "title": "Hen and Chicks Covered Tureen on Stand", "creation_date": "c. 1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, London, Chelsea"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 24.8 x 34.9 x 25.7 cm (9 3/4 x 13 3/4 x 10 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.248, "width": 0.349, "depth": 0.257}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "Year in Review for 1984. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Winifred Williams, London, 1984, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1984", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 161652, "description": "Stand for a Hen and Chicks Tureen, c. 1755. Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 48.7 x 37.7 x 6.4 cm (19 3/16 x 14 13/16 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2000.3", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Though the form of a soup tureen suggests a functional role at the dining table, such large, expensive porcelains were probably only used for decoration because hot liquids might have easily caused them to crack.", "description": "The ceramic factory at Chelsea, located along the river Thames in western London, was Britain\u2019s most renowned factory of decorative porcelain in the mid-1700s. Large tureens in the form of chickens or rabbits appealed to wealthy aristocrats, who took great care in developing specimen animal and poultry breeds on their country estates. The design for this particular tureen was taken from a popular seventeenth-century print by Francis Barlow depicting a farmyard.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779948"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.58-hen-and-chicks-cover"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1984.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 2 (April 1985): 163\u2013207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181; Mentioned: p. 201, no. 26", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159897"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 136", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\"Reimagining the British Galleries: Our curators preview the new look of the space.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 59, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 5-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 6; Mentioned: P. 6, 7.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.58", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.58/1984.58_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "651", "filesize": "188345", "filename": "1984.58_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.58/1984.58_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2459", "filesize": "1048499", "filename": "1984.58_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.58/1984.58_full.tif", "width": "9533", "height": "6896", "filesize": "197245348", "filename": "1984.58_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-03-01T17:39:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "712", "filesize": "128304"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2691", "filesize": "1003707"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3957", "filesize": "59380368"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "739", "filesize": "171712"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2790", "filesize": "1204839"}, "full": {"url": 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"900", "height": "779", "filesize": "107964"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2944", "filesize": "813665"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt7_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4330", "filesize": "64974384"}}, {"date_created": "2020-03-03T21:30:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "863", "filesize": "205102"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3262", "filesize": "1625070"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.58/1984.58_alt8_full.tif", "width": "6507", "height": "6242", "filesize": "121876660"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152003, "creators": [{"id": 18265, "description": "Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-09-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Hen and Chicks Tureen"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:54.748000"}, {"id": 97973, "accession_number": "1917.611.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Spring from the Four Seasons, c. 1775. Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381). Hard-paste porcelain; overall: 27 x 14.5 x 9.4 cm (10 5/8 x 5 11/16 x 3 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.611.2", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Spring from the Four Seasons", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Bristol"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 27 x 14.5 x 9.4 cm (10 5/8 x 5 11/16 x 3 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.27, "width": 0.145, "depth": 0.094}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1917.612"], "did_you_know": "Allegorical figures most often decorated a table during the dessert course, providing amusing subjects for conversation.", "description": "The modern notion of childhood as a time of innocence and simplicity emerged during the second half of the eighteenth century. This understanding of adolescence led to numerous depictions of children as personifications of the four seasons. Here spring is portrayed as a young girl adorning her hair with flowers. The flowers filling her basket and growing in the grass around her signal spring\u2019s arrival.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756827"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.611.2-figure-of-spring-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "\"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 part II (February 1928): 57-59", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. Incorrectly published as Spring (1917.611.1)", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n55"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.611.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "900", "filesize": "196173", "filename": "1917.611.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_print.jpg", "width": "2475", "height": "3400", "filesize": "924552", "filename": "1917.611.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_full.tif", "width": "5828", "height": "8006", "filesize": "140004448", "filename": "1917.611.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-01-16T17:03:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "241476"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2309", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2927115"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3936", "height": "5796", "filesize": "68469196"}}, {"date_created": "2006-01-16T17:10:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "590", "height": "893", "filesize": "234208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2247", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2855510"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3702", "height": "5602", "filesize": "62245724"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:29:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "900", "filesize": "185283"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2191", "height": "3400", "filesize": "846120"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5025", "height": "7797", "filesize": "117566912"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:58:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "900", "filesize": "183889"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "3400", "filesize": "862052"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "7910", "filesize": "130542364"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:59:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "571", "height": "900", "filesize": "171935"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2156", "height": "3400", "filesize": "746422"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4979", "height": "7853", "filesize": "117327148"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T21:02:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "727", "filesize": "196729"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2748", "filesize": "1082226"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.2/1917.611.2_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4578", "height": "3700", "filesize": "50843264"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97973, "creators": [{"id": 14385, "description": "Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Benjamin Lund produced soft-paste porcelain known as Lund's Bristol Ware between 1749 and 1752. When William Cookworthy (1705-1784) moved his pottery works to Bristol from Plymouth, he began to produce England's first hard-paste porcelain. The works were soon transferred to his factory manager then partner Richard Champion (1743-1791), who directed the factory until its demise around 1782.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.611", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figure of Autumn from the Four Seasons"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:26.146000"}, {"id": 97974, "accession_number": "1917.611.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Summer from the Four Seasons, c. 1775. Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381). Hard-paste porcelain; overall: 27 x 15.9 x 11.7 cm (10 5/8 x 6 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.611.3", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Summer from the Four Seasons", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Bristol"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 27 x 15.9 x 11.7 cm (10 5/8 x 6 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.27, "width": 0.159, "depth": 0.117}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1917.613"], "did_you_know": "Allegorical figures most often decorated a table during the dessert course, providing amusing subjects for conversation.", "description": "The modern notion of childhood as a time of innocence and simplicity emerged during the second half of the eighteenth century. This understanding of adolescence led to numerous depictions of children as personifications of the four seasons. Here summer is portrayed as a young boy holding a sheaf of wheat as he leans against the beehive next to him. Both grain and honey have been associated with summer harvests and their accompanying festivals since antiquity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755954"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.611.3-figure-of-summer-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "\"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 part II (February 1928): 57-59", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n55"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.611.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "900", "filesize": "196938", "filename": "1917.611.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_print.jpg", "width": "2378", "height": "3400", "filesize": "960185", "filename": "1917.611.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_full.tif", "width": "5314", "height": "7598", "filesize": "121154880", "filename": "1917.611.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-10-28T21:07:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "545", "height": "900", "filesize": "173977"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2059", "height": "3400", "filesize": "774336"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4645", "height": "7669", "filesize": "106894536"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-29T14:37:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "650", "height": "900", "filesize": "187446"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2455", "height": "3400", "filesize": "885826"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5410", "height": "7492", "filesize": "121622468"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-29T14:42:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "900", "filesize": "181031"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2165", "height": "3400", "filesize": "828415"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4657", "height": "7315", "filesize": "102224876"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-29T14:44:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "784", "filesize": "198594"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2962", "filesize": "1135290"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.3/1917.611.3_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4094", "height": "3566", "filesize": "43825184"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97974, "creators": [{"id": 14385, "description": "Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Benjamin Lund produced soft-paste porcelain known as Lund's Bristol Ware between 1749 and 1752. When William Cookworthy (1705-1784) moved his pottery works to Bristol from Plymouth, he began to produce England's first hard-paste porcelain. The works were soon transferred to his factory manager then partner Richard Champion (1743-1791), who directed the factory until its demise around 1782.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.611", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:57.191000"}, {"id": 97998, "accession_number": "1917.627.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Candelabrum Depicting an Allegorical Figure of Matrimony, c. 1775. Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 31.1 x 25.7 x 15.6 cm (12 1/4 x 10 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.627.1", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Candelabrum Depicting an Allegorical Figure of Matrimony", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, London, Chelsea"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 31.1 x 25.7 x 15.6 cm (12 1/4 x 10 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.311, "width": 0.257, "depth": 0.156}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The canopy of foliage surrounding these figures was inspired by the arbors popular in theatrical stage designs during the mid-1700s.", "description": "This allegorical figure depicts a shepherdess dressed in richly patterned garments. Here the figure (Matrimony) holds a birdcage in one hand and subtly directs the viewer\u2019s gaze toward the sheep resting nearby with the other. An accompanying figure, a shepherd (Liberty) is joined by a dog and a bird that perches on his outstretched arm.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757527"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.627.1-candelabrum-depictin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925. Only Candelabrum with Shepherd and Dog (1917.627.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928. Only Candelabrum with Shepherd and Dog (1917.627.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 (February 1928): 57-59.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.627.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627.1/1917.627.1_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "397334", "filename": "1917.627.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627.1/1917.627.1_print.jpg", "width": "2705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4375183", "filename": "1917.627.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627.1/1917.627.1_full.tif", "width": "3543", "height": "4454", "filesize": "47374132", "filename": "1917.627.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-01-16T16:21:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.627.1/1917.627.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "353499"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.627.1/1917.627.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2694", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3933571"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.627.1/1917.627.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3499", "height": "4416", "filesize": "46386716"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97998, "creators": [{"id": 18307, "description": "Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "the Chelsea-Derby period began in 1770, when William Duesbury, one of the owners of the Derby Factory, acquried the Chelsea factory, and lasted until he closed it in 1784. During these years the products of both factories bore the same mark.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.627", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:14.340000"}, {"id": 97999, "accession_number": "1917.627.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Candelabrum Depicting an Allegorical Figure of Liberty, c. 1775. Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 32.4 x 25.6 x 14.2 cm (12 3/4 x 10 1/16 x 5 9/16 in.). 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1917.628"], "did_you_know": "The canopy of foliage surrounding these figures was inspired by the arbors popular in theatrical stage designs during the mid-1700s.", "description": "This allegorical figure depicts a shepherd dressed in richly patterned garments. Here the figure (Liberty) is accompanied by a dog and a bird that perches on his outstretched arm. An accompanying figure, a shepherdess (Matrimony) holds a birdcage in one hand and subtly directs the viewer\u2019s gaze toward the sheep resting nearby with the other.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740250"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.627.2-candelabrum-depictin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soup Tureen", "Covered Tureen with Tray", "Tureen and Platter"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:19.514000"}, {"id": 314406, "accession_number": "2018.121", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Feast where Vishnu decides he will incarnate as King Dasharatha\u2019s sons, from Chapters 14\u201315 of the \"Bala Kanda\" (Book of Childhood) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey), c. 1810. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.121", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Feast where Vishnu decides he will incarnate as King Dasharatha\u2019s sons, from Chapters 14\u201315 of the \"Bala Kanda\" (Book of Childhood) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)", "creation_date": "c. 1810", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 27.7 x 39.4 cm (10 7/8 x 15 1/2 in.); Painting: 23.5 x 34.7 cm (9 1/4 x 13 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.277, "width": 0.394}, "painting": {"height": 0.235, "width": 0.347}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[verso]] v\u0101la[k\u0101nda] 17", "inscription_translation": "[Chapter] 17 [of] Childhood (First Book of Ramayana)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Manifestations of Shiva, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (March 29\u2013June 7, 1981) and other museums (August 1, 1981\u2013May 30, 1982)", "opening_date": "1981-06-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Antiqarts, Bombay, India, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969\u20132018", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Vishnu and Indra have taken off their crowns for the meal; the crowns are being guarded on raised platforms in the background.", "description": "The women\u2019s quarters of a palace occupy the right side of the composition. In the courtyard to the left, gods, including the blue Vishnu, four-headed Brahma, Surya (Sun), Chandra (Moon), Indra with eyes all over his body, and Shiva with snakes in his hair who sits with his minions, feast on food served on plates and bowls of leaves. Vishnu and Indra have taken off their crowns for the meal; the crowns are guarded on raised platforms in the background. The Pahari artist has depicted Dhaam, a local feast prepared by hereditary priest-chefs in accordance with strict Hindu rules of nutritional purity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483096"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.121-gods-rishis-and-demo", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.121-gods-sages-and-demon", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.121-feast-where-vishnu-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kramrisch, Stella. Manifestations of Siva. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P-28, p. 191", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bond, Constance. \"India's Divine Art Reveals a God as Savant and Rogue.\" Smithsonian Magazine (May 1981):", "page_number": "reproduced p. 60.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bowles, John H. \"Manifestations of Shiva.\" Orientations 12, no. 7 (July 1981).", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 18, p. 23.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243-244, no. 73", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.121", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.121/2018.121_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "641", "filesize": "289237", "filename": "2018.121_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.121/2018.121_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2422", "filesize": "2896417", "filename": "2018.121_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.121/2018.121_full.tif", "width": "7952", "height": "5664", "filesize": "135162152", "filename": "2018.121_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T12:38:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.121/2018.121_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "648", "filesize": "175258"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.121/2018.121_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2447", "filesize": "2329421"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.121/2018.121_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7956", "height": "5727", "filesize": "136728572"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314406, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1810", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Feast for the Gods", "Gods, Rishis, and Demons at the Feast of Rama\u2019s Birth, from a Ramayana", "Gods, sages, and demons feast, as the gods decide that Vishnu will incarnate as King Dasharatha\u2019s sons, from Chapters 14\u201315 of the Bala Kanda (Book of Childhood) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:49.689000"}, {"id": 123679, "accession_number": "1944.226", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Bottle Coolers (Seaux \u00e0 rafra\u00eechir), c. 1730. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 11 x 11.5 cm (4 5/16 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.226", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Pair of Bottle Coolers (Seaux \u00e0 rafra\u00eechir)", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 11 x 11.5 cm (4 5/16 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.11, "width": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "The Porcelain Connection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection; (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These bottle coolers would have been used to cool glasses or small bottles.", "description": "The Saint-Cloud Porcelain Factory was known for its innovation in color. Shades of green and blue are used to paint the main decoration of these bottle coolers, a palette typical of the Chinese porcelain famille verte. The alternating red and gold outlines of the figures and objects is relatively rare and generally only seen on two shapes produced at Saint-Cloud, bottle coolers and cream pots.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757337"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.226-pair-of-bottle-coole"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Morgan, J. Pierpont, and Xavier Roger Marie Chavagnac. Catalogue des porcelaines franc\u0327aises de m. J. Pierpont Morgan. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1910.", "page_number": "p. 4, pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Early French and German Porcelain Formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31 (November 1944).", "page_number": "p. 160-61, 166", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Savage, George. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century French Porcelain. New York: Macmillan, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 340, 342", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Vol. 3. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 266", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevieve, and Regine de Plinval de Guillebon. \"Saint-Cloud autour de 1700.\" L'Estampille 265 (January 1993): 74-82.", "page_number": "p. 82", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.226", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.226/1944.226_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "776", "filesize": "80699", "filename": "1944.226_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.226/1944.226_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2088", "filesize": "437484", "filename": "1944.226_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.226/1944.226_full.tif", "width": "7424", "height": "4560", "filesize": "101582308", "filename": "1944.226_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-10-22T18:40:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226/1944.226_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "731", "filesize": "81447"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226/1944.226_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1969", "filesize": "450712"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226/1944.226_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7292", "height": "4224", "filesize": "92426224"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123679, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cachepot"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:11.146000"}, {"id": 136297, "accession_number": "1960.183", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals (\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u6b4c\u4ed9\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), mid 1700s. Attributed to Tatebayashi Kagei (Japanese, active mid-1700s). Two-fold screen; ink, color, and gold on paper; image: 170 x 182.8 cm (66 15/16 x 71 15/16 in.); overall: 174.4 x 187.2 cm (68 11/16 x 73 11/16 in.); closed: 94 x 4 cm (37 x 1 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1960.183", "current_location": null, "title": "Thirty-Six Poetic Immortals", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u6b4c\u4ed9\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "mid 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "two-fold screen; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 170 x 182.8 cm (66 15/16 x 71 15/16 in.); Overall: 174.4 x 187.2 cm (68 11/16 x 73 11/16 in.); Closed: 94 x 4 cm (37 x 1 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.7, "width": 1.828}, "overall": {"height": 1.744, "width": 1.872}, "closed": {"width": 0.94, "depth": 0.04}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309646, "title": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art", "description": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-May 1, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-03-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227833, "title": "Silver Wind: The Art of Sakai Hoitsu (1761-1828) and His Circle", "description": "Silver Wind: The Art of Sakai Hoitsu (1761-1828) and His Circle. Japan Society Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (September 28, 2012-January 6, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 374890, "title": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)", "description": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23-October 3, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Masterpieces of Japanese Art. Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas (October 4-November 30, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Victor L. Hauge [1919\u20132013], Falls Church, VA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The green surface edged with stripes at the upper left of the painting represents tatami matting with a silk border.", "description": "Fujiwara no Kint\u014d (996\u20131075), a Japanese courtier, scholar, and poet, compiled select examples by the most celebrated composers of 31-syllable poems (waka) from the 600s to the 1000s. Painters soon made these \u201cthirty-six poetic immortals\u201d a favorite subject, traditionally presenting the poets in sequential, idealized portraits paired with their poems. In this interpretation, a chronologically impossible gathering of these great talents is in progress. The screen\u2019s composition follows one devised by design virtuoso Ogata K\u014drin (1658\u20131716).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465414"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.183-thirty-six-poetic-im"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86, p. 91; Reproduced: p. 91; cat. no. 86", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n105"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n307"}, {"citation": "Masterpieces of Japanese Art; [Catalogue of the Exhibition] October 4 Through November 30, 1969, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n402"}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129, cat. no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 46\u201347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walter, Sheri. \"Exhibitions in 2009.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 49, no. 1 (January 2009): 3\u20135.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2009-01/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "McKelway, Matthew P. Silver Wind: The Arts of Sakai Ho\u0304itsu (1761-1828). New York: Japan Society, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 11, pp. 74\u201376", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.183", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.183/1960.183_web.jpg", "width": "965", "height": "893", "filesize": "208181", "filename": "1960.183_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.183/1960.183_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3145", "filesize": "2159245", "filename": "1960.183_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.183/1960.183_full.tif", "width": "8566", "height": "7926", "filesize": "203705720", "filename": "1960.183_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-12-07T15:47:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "959", "height": "893", "filesize": "227512"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3165", "filesize": "2516407"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4038", "height": "3760", "filesize": "45581448"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-19T17:50:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "518", "height": "893", "filesize": "106829"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1973", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1306132"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4644", "height": "8000", "filesize": "111478404"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-19T17:50:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "495", "height": "893", "filesize": "104871"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1884", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1242835"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4434", "height": "8000", "filesize": "106439056"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-20T16:33:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "852", "height": "893", "filesize": "150800"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3245", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2268127"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6285", "filesize": "113155804"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-20T18:42:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "86690"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2351", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1248964"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1979", "height": "2862", "filesize": "17027112"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-20T12:03:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "848", "height": "893", "filesize": "183951"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3227", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2644697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.183/1960.183_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6321", "filesize": "113812168"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136297, "creators": [{"id": 6050, "description": "Tatebayashi Kagei (Japanese, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u7acb\u6797\u4f55\u5e20", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sanjuroku-kasen: The Thirty-Six Immortal Poets", "Thirty-Six Immortal Poets"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:58.336000"}, {"id": 120873, "accession_number": "1941.594", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Miniature Mountain with Daoist Paradise, 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Green jade with brown markings; overall: 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Memorial Gift, 1941.594", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Miniature Mountain with Daoist Paradise", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "green jade with brown markings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Overall: 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.175}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. 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It is recorded that Daoist practitioners drank morning dews with scraps of jade as an elixir of immortality.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757178"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.594-miniature-mountain-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Three Ch'ien Lung Jades.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 8 (October 1942): 123\u2013124.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 123\u2013124", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141011"}, {"citation": "Watson, William. L'Art de l'Ancienne Chine. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen. Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China : the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988 = [Ch\u02bbien Ching]. 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"1941-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:31.961000"}, {"id": 115635, "accession_number": "1936.353", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fruit Basket, 1729. Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751). Silver; overall: 9.1 cm (3 9/16 in.); center: 33 x 29 cm (13 x 11 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Grace Studebaker Fish in memory of her father, John Mohler Studebaker, 1936.353", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Fruit Basket", "creation_date": "1729", "creation_date_earliest": 1729, "creation_date_latest": 1729, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 9.1 cm (3 9/16 in.); Center: 33 x 29 cm (13 x 11 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.091}, "center": {"height": 0.33, "width": 0.29}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355715, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Historic Flower Containers", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Historic Flower Containers. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 31, 1952-March 3, 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-12-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701687, "title": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton", "description": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (June 10-July 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Grace Anna Studebaker Fish [Mrs. Frederick S. Fish, 1862-1946], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1936", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1936-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The presence of handles suggests that this fruit basket was designed to be passed among guests after dinner.", "description": "Silver fulfilled a prominent role in projecting wealth, status, and power in British life during the 1600s and 1700s. During this time, the arrival of silversmiths from continental Europe infused Dutch, French, and German influences within established English taste. For example, this basket was produced by Paul Jacques de Lamerie, who, despite being the preeminent silversmith in Britain during the early 1700s, was born in the Netherlands to minor French nobility. Unlike later designs, this work, with its rope-twisted handles, scalloped edges, and interweaving pattern, still closely resembles the straw baskets that inspired its shape and decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781177"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1936.353-fruit-basket"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"A Silver Bread Basket by Paul de Lamerie.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 24, no. 1 (January 1937): 8-10", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2; Mentioned: p. 8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137816"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.353", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.353/1936.353_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "784", "filesize": "608068", "filename": "1936.353_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.353/1936.353_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2111", "filesize": "1124466", "filename": "1936.353_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.353/1936.353_full.tif", "width": "5820", "height": "3614", "filesize": "63130672", "filename": "1936.353_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Grace Studebaker Fish in memory of her father, John Mohler Studebaker", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115635, "creators": [{"id": 8200, "description": "Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1688", "death_year": "1751", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1729, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1729", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:12.968000"}, {"id": 151490, "accession_number": "1983.55", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Footed Dish (soucoupe \u00e0 pied), 1786. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Etienne Evans (French, 1733\u20131806). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 4 x 22.4 cm (1 9/16 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1983.55", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Footed Dish (soucoupe \u00e0 pied)", "creation_date": "1786", "creation_date_earliest": 1786, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 4 x 22.4 cm (1 9/16 x 8 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.04, "width": 0.224}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Painted in blue, beneath base]: \"Harle hup\u00e9, M\u00e2le\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Incised twice]: \"22\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Interlaced Ls with date letter]: \"ii\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Painter's mark of a dagger for Etienne Evans", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309656, "title": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts", "description": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8, 1983-June 3, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 223229, "title": "Jefferson in Paris: Fashion on the Eve of the French Revolution", "description": "Jefferson in Paris: Fashion on the Eve of the French Revolution. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 5, 2002-January 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio (10/5/2002 - 1/5/2003), \"Jefferson in Paris: Fashion on the Eve of the French Revolution\"", "opening_date": "2002-10-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The dark blue ground that rings the edge of this plate is known as beau bleu (beautiful blue) and derived its color from cobalt added to the enamel.", "description": "These dishes may have supported cups of sweet ices or pyramidal displays of fruits or sweetmeats as part of a dessert or tea service. On the reverse of the plate the two birds pictured are identified as a Petit Perruche, du P\u00e9rou (budgerigar from Peru) and Harle hupp\u00e9, M\u00e2le (male red-breasted merganser.) Their images were modeled after engravings in naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc\u2019s Natural History of Birds, a book which regularly inspired S\u00e8vres porcelain paintings in the 1780s and 90s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781035"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.55-footed-dish-soucoupe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"French Ceramics: The Norweb Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 71 (January 1984).", "page_number": "p. 13, fig. 12", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.55", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.55/1983.55_web.jpg", "width": "949", "height": "893", "filesize": "571773", "filename": "1983.55_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.55/1983.55_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3199", "filesize": "6037591", "filename": "1983.55_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.55/1983.55_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "5646", "filesize": "101663852", "filename": "1983.55_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-05-10T14:20:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.55/1983.55_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1009", "height": "893", "filesize": "288283"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.55/1983.55_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3010", "filesize": "3195560"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.55/1983.55_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4212", "height": "3729", "filesize": "47150444"}}, {"date_created": "2007-05-10T14:31:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.55/1983.55_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "685", "filesize": "391575"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.55/1983.55_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1844", "filesize": "2898089"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.55/1983.55_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4065", "height": "2205", "filesize": "26920168"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151490, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 12271, "description": "Etienne Evans (French, 1733\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "decorated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1786, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1786", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Footed Saucer"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:41.266000"}, {"id": 97957, "accession_number": "1917.601", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pairs of Figures from the Four Continents, c. 1760. Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; part 1: 24.6 x 18.9 x 16.9 cm (9 11/16 x 7 7/16 x 6 5/8 in.); part 2: 23.5 x 17.6 x 18.7 cm (9 1/4 x 6 15/16 x 7 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.601", "current_location": null, "title": "Pairs of Figures from the Four Continents", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1665, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Chelsea, mid-18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 24.6 x 18.9 x 16.9 cm (9 11/16 x 7 7/16 x 6 5/8 in.); Part 2: 23.5 x 17.6 x 18.7 cm (9 1/4 x 6 15/16 x 7 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.246, "width": 0.189, "depth": 0.169}, "part 2": {"height": 0.235, "width": 0.176, "depth": 0.187}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 706804, "title": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850", "description": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (January 19-February 28, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Figural representations of the four continents date back to the 1500s, but such imagery became even more popular in the 1700s as European empires expanded.", "description": "Often collected by wealthy British merchants who were beneficiaries of colonial expansion, figural groups were frequently part of elaborate table decorations meant to signify wealth and global prominence. In one pair, Europe is seen holding an orb and wearing a crown as queen of the world, suggesting Europe\u2019s supremacy over the other continents. She is entangled with America, who is wearing feathers with a bow and arrow at her feet. Africa, who wears an elephant headdress and holds a scorpion in one hand, wrestles with Asia, who is surrounded by perfumes and native fruits. Today we recognize these depictions of America, Africa, and Asia as racial stereotypes, revealing a purely imagined understanding of other cultures and continents at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760667"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.601-pairs-of-figures-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "F. A. W. \"The Bequests of Mary Warden Harkness: A Tribute and an Accounting.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 (February 1928): 43-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137106"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.601", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.601/1917.601_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "233214", "filename": "1917.601_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.601/1917.601_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "1404768", "filename": "1917.601_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.601/1917.601_full.tif", "width": "6001", "height": "4494", "filesize": "80932908", "filename": "1917.601_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-10T20:21:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.601/1917.601_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "900", "filesize": "147987"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.601/1917.601_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2932", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1236231"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.601/1917.601_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3508", "height": "4068", "filesize": "42838176"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97957, "creators": [{"id": 18265, "description": "Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufactured by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Europe and America; Asia and Africa"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:59.804000"}, {"id": 132645, "accession_number": "1955.164.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Procession of Triumphal Cars in the Piazza San Marco, Venice, Celebrating the Visit of the Conti del Nord (recto), 1782. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Pen and brown ink with brush and brown wash; sheet: 25.9 x 36.8 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.164.a", "current_location": null, "title": "A Procession of Triumphal Cars in the Piazza San Marco, Venice, Celebrating the Visit of the Conti del Nord (recto)", "creation_date": "1782", "creation_date_earliest": 1782, "creation_date_latest": 1782, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink with brush and brown wash", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.9 x 36.8 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.259, "width": 0.368}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304542, "title": "Promenades, Pageants, Processions, and Pilgrimages", "description": "Promenades, Pageants, Processions, and Pilgrimages. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 25, 1981-January 3, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-08-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Eighteenth Century Venice. Whitechapel Art Gallery (January 3 - March 14 1951); Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (March 21 - April 18 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-03-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry Oppenheimer [1859-1932], London.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1936", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sold at Henry Oppenheimer\u2019s sale at Christie's, London, July 10, 1936, cat. no. 93.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1936", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Brinsley Ford [1908-1999], London.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sold at Sotheby's, London, November 10, 1954, cat. no. 39.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Richard H. Zinser, New York, NY, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, March 1955.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "probably 1954-1955", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1955-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Before entering the museum's collection, this sheet may have been cut on the left, possibly to eliminate a sixth carriage that does not appear in Guardi\u2019s other representations of the procession.", "description": "This drawing records a grand procession through Venice's Piazza San Marco on the penultimate day of the 1782 celebrations for the visit of the Russian Grand Duke Paul (Pavel) Petrovitch and his wife Maria Feodorovna. Francesco Guardi was likely commissioned by the Venetian state to document the ducal visit. Drawing from the vantage point of the Procuratie Nuove (a palace on one side of the piazza), Guardi sketched five carriages festooned with allegories, which were meant to celebrate the governments of Catherine the Great and Venice. In order to include as much of the procession as possible, he manipulated the perspective of the buildings on the right side of the square.The loose handling and lively immediacy of the pen work suggests he executed it on the spot. One drawing (Museen Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) and two oil paintings (private collections, Venice and Milan) of the same scene survive. Cleveland\u2019s sheet likely preceded these more detailed and polished compositions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80024736"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.164.a-a-procession-of-triu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi:Tutti i Disegni di Antonio, Francesco E. Giacomo Guardi. Milan: Alfieri, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.124 under no. 266; Reproduced: no. 269.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pask, Kelly. \u201cFrancesco Guardi and the Conti del Nord: A New Drawing.\u201d The J. Paul Getty Museum 20, (1992): 45-52.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52 under note 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. \u201cFrancesco Guardi.\u201d Old Master Drawings 9, no. 35 (December 1934).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50 under note 4.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnolds, G\u00fcnter. \"Ein Festzug Auf Dem Marcus-Platz.\" Berliner Museen 62, no. 1/2 (1941): 17-1.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitechapel Art Gallery. Eighteenth Century Venice: An Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings Held at the Whitechapel Art Gallery from January 3 to March 14 and at The Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham from March 21 to April 18. London: Whitechapel Art Gallery, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19 no. 42.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. The Drawings of Francesco Guardi. London: Faber and Faber, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p 28, 69 no. 43; Reproduced: pl. 43.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cAccessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1955.\u201d The Art Quarterly 18, no. 3 (Autumn 1955).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 307", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Four Drawings by Francesco Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 1 (1958): 8-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 12-13; Reproduced: p. 10.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "Bortolatto, Luigina Rossi. L\u2019opera completa di Francesco Guardi. Milan: Rizzoli, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130 under no. 687.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. \u201cSome Guardi Drawings Rediscovered.\u201d Master Drawings 15, no. 1 (Spring 1977): 3-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5 under no.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n166"}, {"citation": "Biadene, Susanna. \u201cLe feste per i Conti del Nord: 'ironico e malinconico' crepuscolo del rococo.\u201d Quaderni di Venezia Arti 1. Rome: Viella, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 102; Reproduced: p. 250.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Visentini, Margherita Azzi. \u201cFeste.\u201d Francesco Guardi: Vedute, Capricci, Feste. Venice: Electa, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192 under no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, 70-71, 286; Reproduced: P. 71, cat. no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 25, pp. 70-71, p. 286", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.164.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164.a/1955.164.a_web.jpg", "width": "1257", "height": "893", "filesize": "892085", "filename": "1955.164.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164.a/1955.164.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2415", "filesize": "6728452", "filename": "1955.164.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164.a/1955.164.a_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "4468", "filesize": "84312296", "filename": "1955.164.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.164.a/1955.164.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "891", "filesize": "952057"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.164.a/1955.164.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1445", "filesize": "2483305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.164.a/1955.164.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1445", "filesize": "8881156"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132645, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-03-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1782, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1782", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1955.164", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Procession of Triumphal Cars in Piazza S. Marco, Venice", "A Procession of Triumphal Cars in Piazza San Marco, Venice, Celebrating the Visit of Archduke Paul and Archduchess Maria Feodorovna of Russia"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:36.236000"}, {"id": 125207, "accession_number": "1947.177", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Caster (Saupoudreuse), c. 1732\u201338. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain, silver mount; overall: 21.9 cm (8 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1947.177", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Caster (Saupoudreuse)", "creation_date": "c. 1732\u201338", "creation_date_earliest": 1727, "creation_date_latest": 1743, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain, silver mount", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 21.9 cm (8 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.219}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Hubert Louvet, 1732-1738 (Dog's head in profile), on both sections of silver mount]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "The Porcelain Connection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Prunus branches, which refer to flowering trees and shrubs including plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds, were a common motif in Chinese porcelain.", "description": "This cylindrical caster with a removable pierced cover may have held sugar. It likely derives its form from silver casters manufactured pre-1700. Its all-white, molded, prunus branch decorations are characteristic of blanc de chine, the term used in France to reference the highly prized porcelain produced in the southeastern Fujian province of Dehua, China, known for its pure color and high degree of translucence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753500"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.177-caster-lanceur", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.177-caster-saupoudreuse"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"French Soft-Paste Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 10 (December 1947): 249-250.", "page_number": "p. 249", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain of France.\" The Art Quarterly 11 (Autumn 1948).", "page_number": "p. 338, 342.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 300", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Lahaussois, Christine. Porcelaines de Saint-Cloud. Paris: Union centrale des arts de\u0301coratifs, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 69-72, 84-87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondot, Bertrand. Discovering the Secrets of Soft-Paste Porcelain at the Saint-Cloud Manufactory, Ca. 1690-1766. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 168-170, 270-271.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.177", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.177/1947.177_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "900", "filesize": "132688", "filename": "1947.177_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.177/1947.177_print.jpg", "width": "2405", "height": "3400", "filesize": "547274", "filename": "1947.177_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.177/1947.177_full.tif", "width": "4765", "height": "6735", "filesize": "96301600", "filename": "1947.177_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-20T16:04:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "444", "height": "900", "filesize": "71246"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1676", "height": "3400", "filesize": "495229"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2774", "height": "5628", "filesize": "46859448"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-20T16:10:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "430", "height": "900", "filesize": "68091"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "458293"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2686", "height": "5628", "filesize": "45373516"}}, {"date_created": "2021-09-20T13:55:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "615", "height": "900", "filesize": "131061"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2325", "height": "3400", "filesize": "519422"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4765", "height": "6969", "filesize": "99646484"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-20T16:19:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "451", "height": "900", "filesize": "70421"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "478648"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2822", "height": "5628", "filesize": "47669776"}}, {"date_created": "2021-09-20T13:56:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "900", "filesize": "130543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2327", "height": "3400", "filesize": "522038"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.177/1947.177_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4765", "height": "6963", "filesize": "99560728"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125207, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-07-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1727, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1732\u201338", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Dredger", "Sugar Caster"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:27.374000"}, {"id": 393706, "accession_number": "1965.467.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bowl, 1715\u201316. Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727). Silver gilt; diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.); overall: 26.9 x 37.5 cm (10 9/16 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning, 1965.467.a", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Bowl", "creation_date": "1715\u201316", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.); Overall: 26.9 x 37.5 cm (10 9/16 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.329}, "overall": {"height": 0.269, "width": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved, center of bowl: arms, crest of Byam family (mantling and helmet were probably engraved at time bowl was made, crest and arms were altered to those of Byam at later date). Rim engraved with Byam Crest (also presumably not original).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anthony de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Warren Holmes [1841-1899] and Mary Helen Wick [1841-1929] Corning, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The name Monteith is said to come from a mythical Scotsman named Monteigh, who wore cloaks with a similar notched pattern.", "description": "This bowl\u2019s notched rim allows for glasses to be suspended in water for cooling and cleansing between courses during a long dinner. The rim can be removed and the bowl used for punch as well. A year before Benjamin Pyne began this bowl, he was appointed Subordinate Goldsmith to the King in preparation for George I\u2019s coronation (r. 1714\u20131727). Like much of his work, this Monteith bowl is characterized by its scale and simplicity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244826"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.467.a-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277; Reproduced: p. 224, listed no. 14", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Birk, Eileen F. \"Current and Coming - Anniversary Year Celebrations.\" Antiques 90 (September 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=STIDN&submit=Search&request=0003-5939"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n175"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Lee, Georgina E., and Ronald A. Lee. Monteith Bowls, Including American and European Examples. Byfleet: Manor House Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46; Reproduced: pl. 47", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=5099949"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.467.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "725", "filesize": "170137", "filename": "1965.467.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2740", "filesize": "1055786", "filename": "1965.467.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_full.tif", "width": "6915", "height": "5572", "filesize": "115616336", "filename": "1965.467.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-06-17T18:20:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "761", "filesize": "176351"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2875", "filesize": "1135088"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6167", "height": "5214", "filesize": "96489708"}}, {"date_created": "2020-06-17T18:51:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "833", "filesize": "270861"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3146", "filesize": "2433481"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.a/1965.467.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6795", "height": "6287", "filesize": "128187316"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 393706, "creators": [{"id": 8799, "description": "Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715\u201316", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1965.467", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Monteith", "Monteith Punch Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:28.433000"}, {"id": 393707, "accession_number": "1965.467.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rim for a Monteith Bowl, 1715\u201316. Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727). Silver gilt; diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning, 1965.467.b", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Rim for a Monteith Bowl", "creation_date": "1715\u201316", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.329}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved, center of bowl: arms, crest of Byam family (mantling and helmet were probably engraved at time bowl was made, crest and arms were altered to those of Byam at later date). Rim engraved with Byam Crest (also presumably not original).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anthony de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Warren Holmes [1841-1899] and Mary Helen Wick [1841-1929] Corning, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The name Monteith is said to come from a mythical Scotsman named Monteigh, who wore cloaks with a similar notched pattern.", "description": "This bowl\u2019s notched rim allows for glasses to be suspended in water for cooling and cleansing between courses during a long dinner. The rim can be removed and the bowl used for punch as well. A year before Benjamin Pyne began this bowl, he was appointed Subordinate Goldsmith to the King in preparation for George I\u2019s coronation (r. 1714\u20131727). Like much of his work, this Monteith bowl is characterized by its scale and simplicity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244828"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.467.b-rim-for-a-monteith-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277; Reproduced: p. 224, listed no. 14", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Birk, Eileen F. \"Current and Coming - Anniversary Year Celebrations.\" Antiques 90 (September 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=STIDN&submit=Search&request=0003-5939"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n175"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Lee, Georgina E., and Ronald A. Lee. Monteith Bowls, Including American and European Examples. Byfleet: Manor House Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46; Reproduced: pl. 47", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=5099949"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.467.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467.b/1965.467.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "476", "filesize": "153020", "filename": "1965.467.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467.b/1965.467.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1800", "filesize": "828893", "filename": "1965.467.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467.b/1965.467.b_full.tif", "width": "5851", "height": "3098", "filesize": "54404148", "filename": "1965.467.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-06-17T18:44:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.b/1965.467.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "739", "filesize": "271026"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.b/1965.467.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2792", "filesize": "2199267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1965.467.b/1965.467.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5234", "height": "4298", "filesize": "67514304"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 393707, "creators": [{"id": 8799, "description": "Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715\u201316", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1965.467", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Monteith", "Monteith Punch Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:25.921000"}, {"id": 99259, "accession_number": "1918.823", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portland Vase, c.1790. Josiah Wedgwood and Sons (Britain, Staffordshire, est. 1759). Jasperware with applied decoration; overall: 26.4 x 17.8 cm (10 3/8 x 7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. L. E. Holden, 1918.823", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portland Vase", "creation_date": "c.1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, Staffordshire"], "technique": "jasperware with applied decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 26.4 x 17.8 cm (10 3/8 x 7 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.264, "width": 0.178}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "Collecting Drawings in England. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918-", "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While the scene depicted here is not known for certain, many scholars believe that the Portland Vase portrays the wedding of Peleus and Thetis from Greek mythology.", "description": "The original Portland Vase is a Roman antiquity, made of dark-blue glass, dating from the first century AD. Such a rare archaeological find fascinated aristocratic collectors and artists alike, and eventually the vase came into the hands of the 3rd Duke of Portland in the 1780s. Around 1790 the duke lent the vase to the potter Josiah Wedgwood to make exact replicas in ceramic, of which the Cleveland example is one of the first editions. Eventually, the 4th Duke of Portland deposited the original Roman vase in the British Museum, where it resides today.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753235"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.823-portland-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Irwin, David G. Neoclassicism. London: Phaidon, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173, fig. 101", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=37550624"}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M. and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 79", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.823", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.823/1918.823_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "278977", "filename": "1918.823_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.823/1918.823_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4251199", "filename": "1918.823_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.823/1918.823_full.tif", "width": "3645", "height": "4556", "filesize": "49850592", "filename": "1918.823_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-12T19:28:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.823/1918.823_alt0_web.jpg", "width": 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"width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3965911"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.823/1918.823_alt7_full.tif", "width": "3433", "height": "4291", "filesize": "44223796"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. L. E. Holden", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 99259, "creators": [{"id": 18291, "description": "Josiah Wedgwood and Sons (Britain, Staffordshire, est. 1759)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Jar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:03.125000"}, {"id": 108522, "accession_number": "1926.229", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1795\u20131800. Nicholas Freese (British, 1762\u2013after 1824). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed hair reverse and opalescent glass over pressed foil and cut gold (or cut paper); framed: 7.6 x 6.5 cm (3 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 7 x 5.8 cm (2 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade Jr., G. G. Wade and Mrs. E. B. Greene, 1926.229", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1795\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, late 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed hair reverse and opalescent glass over pressed foil and cut gold (or cut paper)", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.6 x 6.5 cm (3 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 7 x 5.8 cm (2 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.076, "width": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.07, "width": 0.058}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, Verso on display).", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. H. Wade (1857-1926), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1895-1926", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The back contains a lock of hair arranged as a wheat sheaf cinched with a gold ribbon, over (now cracked) white opalescent glass.", "description": "Little biographical information is available about Nicholas Freese, who is often referred to as N Freese. He exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy from 1794 to 1814. Royal Academy records identify him as a \u201cpainter\u201d rather than a \u201cminiature painter.\u201d
The unknown gentleman in this portrait is painted bust length in three-quarter view and facing right. He wears a blue coat with gold buttons over a white waistcoat and frilled cravat. His eyes are brown, and his powdered hair is worn en queue. There is a slightly yellow pallor to his complexion, and his nose is aquiline. The background is pale gray with a hint of green, executed with crosshatching, particularly near the edges. Freese combined watercolor with gouache, as is visible in the opaque white edges of the frilled cravat. He painted the hair using a technique in which watercolor pigment was applied then lifted away with a brush, creating channels suggesting thick, soft tendrils. The sitter\u2019s bland, pleasant expression is not particularly individualized. His powdered hair and costume indicate that this miniature was executed around 1795\u20131800, when powdered hair was becoming increasingly unfashionable.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80056973"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.229-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 60, pp. 236-239", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.229", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.229/1926.229_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "126383", "filename": "1926.229_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.229/1926.229_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1379173", "filename": "1926.229_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.229/1926.229_full.tif", "width": "10701", "height": "10701", "filesize": "343561580", "filename": "1926.229_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-06T17:38:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "75872"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "942717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022416"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-25T17:59:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "402462"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5120743"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4108", "height": "5316", "filesize": "65546860"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-26T19:42:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "413719"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2697", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4883174"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3384", "height": "4266", "filesize": "43349656"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:28:21", "annotation": "Back", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "900", "filesize": "139637"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1384745"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8822", "height": "11398", "filesize": "301687132"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T18:31:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84712"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1061260"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1926.229/1926.229_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade Jr., G. G. Wade and Mrs. E. B. Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108522, "creators": [{"id": 59686, "description": "Nicholas Freese (British, 1762\u2013after 1824)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1795\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:37.334000"}, {"id": 144663, "accession_number": "1969.287", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hookah Bowl, 1700s. India, Mughal. Glass; overall: 17 cm (6 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.287", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Hookah Bowl", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mughal"], "technique": "glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 17 cm (6 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.17}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription in Farsi, on body:\n\nEven if live charcoal is placed on its head/\nThe hookah, a teacher of etiquette,/\nwill not respond unless drawn upon;/\nThus one can learn from its manners of refinement.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Inscription in Farsi, on shoulder:\n\nIn the name of Allah the clement and merciful is the key to the wise treasure.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207268, "title": "Glass of the Sultans", "description": "Glass of the Sultans. The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY (May 24-September 3, 2001); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 2, 2001-January 13, 2002); Benaki Museum, Athens, Greece (February 20-May 15, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-05-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. R. Henry [Emery May Holden] Norweb [1895-1984], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Around the top of this hookah bowl are incised the opening two lines from the Khamsa (Quintet) of the celebrated Persian poet Nizami (1141\u20131209).", "description": "The inscription around the body of the base speaks to the use of the hookah in the decadent life of the Mughal court. The hookah is commended for being a proper, refined servant who will not \u201crespond unless drawn upon\u201d or, produce water bubbles when smoke is drawn through the hose. Undoubtedly the witty, poetic allusions would have been appreciated at banquets and other courtly gatherings. 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false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Huqqa Bottle"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:28.637000"}, {"id": 129182, "accession_number": "1951.83", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Piazza San Marco, Venice, 1780s. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, with brush and gray wash (possibly chalk) and traces of black chalk, framing lines in brown and black ink; sheet: 31.3 x 46.5 cm (12 5/16 x 18 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1951.83", "current_location": null, "title": "Piazza San Marco, Venice", "creation_date": "1780s", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, with brush and gray wash (possibly chalk) and traces of black chalk, framing lines in brown and black ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 31.3 x 46.5 cm (12 5/16 x 18 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.313, "width": 0.465}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "VERSO, center, in graphite: 588 2 [underlined, upside down] ; lower left, in red chalk: [5 ?]7 [sideways]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311919, "title": "Views of Venice", "description": "Views of Venice. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 26, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361397, "title": "Mostra dei Guardi", "description": "Mostra dei Guardi. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (June 5-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Artists on Architecture. Akron Art Institute (now Akron Art Museum). Akron, OH. 1952.", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collector, Budapest.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale at H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, June 11, 1911, cat. no. 107.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1911", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., London.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Cesar M. De Hauke [1900-1965], Paris, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, March 1951.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1951", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Francesco Guardi painted the Piazza San Marco at least twenty times during his life, in addition to a number of drawings.", "description": "The plaza known as the Piazza San Marco in Venice was as popular among tourists in the 1700s as it is today, and the painter Francesco Guardi provided the wealthiest of these visitors with both painted and drawn images of it. The Cleveland drawing is one of a number by Guardi that depict the same view, showing the facade of the Basilica of San Marco at the far end, the campanile (bell tower), and the Procuratie Nuove, the building seen in perspective at the right. This drawing was likely executed in Guardi\u2019s studio, perhaps from a model made on-site using a camera obscura to capture the wide-angle viewpoint of the square. Traces of black chalk indicate where Guardi carefully worked out the arrangement and perspective of the buildings before delineating them with staccato strokes of his pen, imparting freshness and a sketchlike immediacy to his composition. His painterly handling of brown wash bathes the square in dramatic shadow. The square is populated by stock figures who take leisurely strolls under the late afternoon sun; yet the protagonist of the painting could be said to be Venice itself\u2014the city known as La Serenissima (the Most Serene).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79909923"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.83-piazza-san-marco-ven"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. \u201cNotes on Old and Modern Drawings: Unpublished Guardi Drawings.\u201d The Art Quarterly 17 (1954): 159-166.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 160 under no. 7; Reproduced: p. 163 fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cAccessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1955.\u201d The Art Quarterly 18, no. 3 (Autumn 1955).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 307", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 577", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n108"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Four Drawings by Francesco Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 1 (1958): 8-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12; Reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, K.T. and James Byam Shaw. Canaletto e Guardi: Catalogo della Mostra dei disegni. Venice: Neri Pozza, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 57 under no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zampetti, Pietro. Mostra dei Guardi; catalogo della Mostra. Venezia: Alfieri, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 412", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. Disegni dei Guardi. Florence: La Nuova Italia, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. LIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi:Tutti i Disegni di Antonio, Francesco E. Giacomo Guardi. Milan: Alfieri, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.135 under no. 320; Reproduced: fig. 319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Visentini, Margherita Azzi. \u201cFeste.\u201d Francesco Guardi: Vedute, Capricci, Feste. Venice: Electa, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90 under no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 24, pp. 68-69, p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 25, no. 32", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.83", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.83/1951.83_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "858", "filesize": "912606", "filename": "1951.83_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.83/1951.83_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1391", "filesize": "2376128", "filename": "1951.83_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.83/1951.83_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1391", "filesize": "8549268", "filename": "1951.83_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. 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Marco con Basilica e Campanile"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:34.828000"}, {"id": 143283, "accession_number": "1967.22", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Deicolus and the Boar, 1747\u201348. Johann Wolfgang Baumgartner (German, 1712\u20131761). Pen and brown and gray inks and brush and gray wash heightened with white gouache; incised, verso coated with red chalk; sheet: 52.2 x 73.5 cm (20 9/16 x 28 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1967.22", "current_location": null, "title": "Saint Deicolus and the Boar", "creation_date": "1747\u201348", "creation_date_earliest": 1747, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown and gray inks and brush and gray wash heightened with white gouache; incised, verso coated with red chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "two sheets (joined) of blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - German", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 52.2 x 73.5 cm (20 9/16 x 28 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.522, "width": 0.735}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Upper right, in graphite: a 30", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso, upper left, in graphite: 70_-50", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304508, "title": "German Drawings of the 18th, 19th, and 20th Centuries", "description": "German Drawings of the 18th, 19th, and 20th Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art (April 1-July 13, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361509, "title": "Central European Drawings, 1680-1800: A Selection from American Collections", "description": "Central European Drawings, 1680-1800: A Selection from American Collections. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (October 21-December 3, 1989); Art, Design & Architecture Museum, Santa Barbara, CA (January 10-February 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311557, "title": "The German Tradition", "description": "The German Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "with C. G. Boerner, Inc., Dusseldorf.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-1967", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The rarely depicted St. Deicolus was an Irish monk who lived in the 600s and was known for his retreat to a hermitage in a forest.", "description": "German artist Johann Wolfgang Baumgartner's innovations in rococo design are magnificently demonstrated in this sheet showing the story of Saint Deicolus and the Boar. The format of the work imitates that of a decorative cartouche, an ornamental framework surrounding an open field usually reserved for an inscription or emblem. Baumgartner ingeniously adapted the cartouche form for this scene: the framing elements seem to grow out of the landscape but are clearly artificial, and have the appearance of exuberant metalwork intertwined with vegetation and rocks. Deicolus was an Irish saint who founded an abbey in the Burgundy region of France. Baumgartner shows an incident in which Deicolus saved a boar from the hunting party of the ruler Clotaire II. The highly finished drawing on blue paper was made as a design for print from a suite combining saints with depictions of the hunt.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80043747"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.22-saint-deicolus-and-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "C.G. Boerner (Firm), and Ausstellung. Ausgewa\u0308hlte Druckgraphik und Handzeichnungen aus vier Jahrhunderten. 1966.", "page_number": "no. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "C.G. Boerner (Firm). Handzeichnungen vor 1900. Du\u0308sseldorf: Boerner, 1966.", "page_number": "no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 318; Mentioned: p. 344, no. 72", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1967.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 55, no. 6 (June 1968): 167\u2013205.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: p. 182", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152218"}, {"citation": "Rowlands, John. Reviewed Works: Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg. Die Deutschen Handzeichnungen, I: Die Handzeichnungen bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts by Fritz Zink; Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg. Die Deutschen Handzeichnungen, IV: Die Handzeichnungen des 18. Jahrhunderts by Monika Heffels. Master Drawings 8, no. 3 (1970): 290-95.", "page_number": "p. 294", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/1553059."}, {"citation": "Sotheby Mak van Waay V. V., Amsterdam, Sale Catalogue 320 Fine Dutch, Flemish, and German Drawings, 18 November 1980.", "page_number": "p. 67, under no. 187.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Theilmann, Rudolf, Gert Reising, and Johann Eckart von Borries. 100 Zeichnungen und Drucke aus dem Kupferstichkabinett. Karlsruhe: Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 102, under no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta. Central European Drawings, 1680-1800: A Selection from American Collections. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University in association with Princeton University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 9, p. 21, pp. 119-20, cat. no. 39, under cat. no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "C.G. Boerner (Firm). Aus unseren Mappen 1989. Du\u0308sseldorf: C.G. Boerner, 1989.", "page_number": "no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 63, pp. 9-10, pp.156-57, p. 292; Reproduced: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "C.G. Boerner (Firm), \"Notable Works of Art Now on the Market: Supplement.\" The Burlington Magazine 109, no. 777 (1967).", "page_number": "under plate XLIII", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/875515."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.22", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.22/1967.22_web.jpg", "width": "1249", "height": "893", "filesize": "1072180", "filename": "1967.22_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.22/1967.22_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1464", "filesize": "2974395", "filename": "1967.22_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.22/1967.22_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1464", "filesize": "8997924", "filename": "1967.22_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143283, "creators": [{"id": 2870, "description": "Johann Wolfgang Baumgartner (German, 1712\u20131761)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1761", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1747, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1747\u201348", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Large Boar Hunt"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:17.333000"}, {"id": 129888, "accession_number": "1952.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Covered Tureen (Terrine ancienne or Terrine ordinaire), c. 1752. Attributed to Louis-Denis Armand (French, active c. 1745\u20131783), Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; overall: 25.8 x 38.5 cm (10 3/16 x 15 3/16 in.); container: 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.3", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Covered Tureen (Terrine ancienne or Terrine ordinaire)", "creation_date": "c. 1752", "creation_date_earliest": 1746, "creation_date_latest": 1757, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 25.8 x 38.5 cm (10 3/16 x 15 3/16 in.); Container: 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.258, "width": 0.385}, "container": {"height": 0.154}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Interlaced foliate 'L's surmounted by a fleur-de-lys (indicating royal commision), in blue]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This object was manufactured in soft-paste porcelain, a material used by many European porcelain factories before they were able to emulate the hard-paste porcelain of China and Japan.", "description": "The intricately painted birds that decorate this tureen are the work of Louis-Denis Armand. Armand was known for his depictions of birds and landscapes, a specialty that may have come from his work as a painter of lacquered furniture with similar compositions. This tureen was likely designed by master goldsmith Jean-Claude Duplessis who began working as an artistic director at the Vincennes Porcelain Factory in 1748.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760043"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.3-covered-tureen-terri"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Vincennes and Meissen Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 39 (June 1952).", "page_number": "p. 124-27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Vincennes-S\u00e8vres Porcelain at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Antiques LXXXV (March 1964).", "page_number": "p. 322-25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 278", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Adele Zeidman Silver. Guide to the Galleries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "page_number": "n.p.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Adele Z. Silver. Guide to the Galleries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 70-71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 61, fig. 64", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.3/1952.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "709", "filesize": "182971", "filename": "1952.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.3/1952.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2677", "filesize": "1104939", "filename": "1952.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.3/1952.3_full.tif", "width": "9938", "height": "7825", "filesize": "233320288", "filename": "1952.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-20T16:44:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.3/1952.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1155", "height": "893", "filesize": "534747"}, "print": {"url": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.3/1952.3_alt13_print.jpg", "width": "1056", "height": "660", "filesize": "96921"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.3/1952.3_alt13_full.tif", "width": "1056", "height": "660", "filesize": "2118768"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-20T20:45:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.3/1952.3_alt14_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "702", "filesize": "91373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.3/1952.3_alt14_print.jpg", "width": "936", "height": "730", "filesize": "101622"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.3/1952.3_alt14_full.tif", "width": "936", "height": "730", "filesize": "2077944"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129888, "creators": [{"id": 57109, "description": "Louis-Denis Armand (French, active c. 1745\u20131783)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "painter", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11807, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "The French National Manufacture of soft-paste porcelain was established at Vincennes in 1738 before it moved in 1756.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 452198, "description": "Jean-Claude Duplessis le P\u00e8re (French, 1690\u20131774)", "extent": "modeled by", "qualifier": "probably by", "role": null, "biography": "French and Italian goldsmith and silversmith, ca. 1695-1774", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1774", "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-01-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1746, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1752", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tureen"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:58.164000"}, {"id": 130499, "accession_number": "1953.25", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Covered Tureens on Stand (Paire de pots-\u00e0-oille), 1757\u201358. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.25", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Pair of Covered Tureens on Stand (Paire de pots-\u00e0-oille)", "creation_date": "1757\u201358", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1758, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "dimensions": {"overall": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised 'L' with three dots in blue (1953.25.1c)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Interlaced 'L's in blue with date letter 'E' (1953.25.1a)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Interlaced 'L's in blue with date letter E; incised 'L' (1953.25.2c)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Countess Redorte, Paris; (Rosenberg and Stiebel, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Oille, which may come from the Spanish word for cooking pot, olla, refers to a Spanish stew of meat and vegetables popularized by Anne of Austria and Maria-Theresa, respective wives of Louis XIII and Louis XIV.", "description": "A misconception influenced by 19th-century art historical texts, the pale pink that appears on S\u00e8vres porcelain is commonly and incorrectly called rose Pompadour after Madame de Pompadour, official mistress of French King Louis XV. Though she was a great patron of the factory, this pale pink ground did not carry her name during its mid-18th-century production. Instead, factory records refer to this striking pink simply as rose.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780807"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.25-pair-of-covered-ture"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Alfassa, Paul, and Jacques Gue\u0301rin. Porcelaine franc\u0327aise du XVIIe au milieu du XIXe sie\u0300cle. Paris: A. Le\u0301vy, 1931.", "page_number": "p. 51; pl. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"A Pair of Soft-Paste Tureens and Platters.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 40 (November 1953).", "page_number": "p. 200-202", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 301", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Vincennes-S\u00e8vres Porcelain at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Antiques LXXXV (March 1964).", "page_number": "p. 322-25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n164"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n164"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 268", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n204"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63; Reproduced: p. 63, fig. 66 and color plate 66 after p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 112", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.25", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.25/1953.25_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "475", "filesize": "156533", "filename": "1953.25_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.25/1953.25_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1793", "filesize": "800086", "filename": "1953.25_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.25/1953.25_full.tif", "width": "11614", "height": "6125", "filesize": "213432204", "filename": "1953.25_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-05-08T17:41:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.25/1953.25_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "327", "filesize": "162809"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.25/1953.25_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1237", "filesize": "728373"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.25/1953.25_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11661", "height": "4242", "filesize": "148419244"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130499, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-02-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1757, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1757\u201358", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tureen with Platter", "Pair of Covered Tureens with Platters (Paire de terrines couvert du roi et plateaux)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:07.490000"}, {"id": 131789, "accession_number": "1954.365", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Satan Starts from the Touch of Ithuriel's Spear, 1776. Henry Fuseli (Swiss, 1741\u20131825). Pen and brown ink and brush and gray wash; sheet: 30.9 x 42.5 cm (12 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.); secondary support: 31 x 42.7 cm (12 3/16 x 16 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1954.365", "current_location": null, "title": "Satan Starts from the Touch of Ithuriel's Spear", "creation_date": "1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1776, "creation_date_latest": 1776, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and gray wash", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(2) laid paper, laid down on cream(2) modern? laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.9 x 42.5 cm (12 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.); Secondary Support: 31 x 42.7 cm (12 3/16 x 16 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.309, "width": 0.425}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.31, "width": 0.427}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, at lower center, in brown ink: Roma Oct. 76; at lower left, in brown ink: 17", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300326, "title": "The Drawings of Henry Fuseli", "description": "The Drawings of Henry Fuseli. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 16-March 10, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-02-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361414, "title": "The World of Benjamin West", "description": "The World of Benjamin West. Allentown Art Museum, PA (organizer) (May 1-July 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Johann Heinrich Fussli, 1741-1825. Kunsthaus, Zurich (May 17 \u2013 July 6 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fuseli. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 16 - March 7, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-02-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Johann Heinrich Fu\u0308ssli, 1741-1825: zur Zweihundertjahrfeier und Geda\u0308chtnisausstellung. Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich (August 17 - October 15, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-08-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. John Percy [1817-1889; Lugt 1504], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sir James Knowles, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Eva Tr\u00fceb-Baumann, Chateau d'Hauterive, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Dr. G. A. Gericke, Zurich)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing is one of three almost identical drawings depicting the same scene from Paradise Lost; the other sheets are in the collections of the National Gallery, Stockholm, and the British Museum, London.", "description": "Henry Fuseli's lifelong interest in the work of the English poet John Milton (1608-1674) inspired many drawings that interpreted passages from Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost (1667). This early example illustrates the moment when the angels Ithuriel and Zephon discover Satan disguised as a toad in the bower where Adam and Eve are sleeping. Ithuriel forces Satan to reveal himself by prodding him with a spear. The lion in the background alludes to an earlier passage in the poem, when Satan takes on the shape of the beast in order to spy on the couple.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80023379"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.365-satan-starts-from-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wartmann, Wilhelm. Johann Heinrich Fu\u0308ssli, 1741-1825: zur Zweihundertjahrfeier und Geda\u0308chtnisausstellung. Exh. Cat. Zu\u0308rich: Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76, no. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" Art Quarterly 17 (Winter 1954): 412.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 412.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The World of Benjamin West. Exh. Cat. Allentown, PA: Allentown Art Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76, no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wartmann, Wilhelm. Johann Heinrich Fu\u0308ssli, 1741-1825. Zurich: Kunsthaus. 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schiff, Gert. Johann Heinrich Fu\u0308ssli 1741-1825: Text und Oeuvrekatalog. Zurich: Berichthaus, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 76, 110, 456, no. 483a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pressly, Nancy. The Fuseli Circle in Rome: Early Romantic Art of the 1770s. Exh. Cat. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for British Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40, under no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bjurstro\u0308m, Per. Du\u0308rer to Delacroix: Great Master Drawings from Stockholm. Exh. Cat. Fort Worth, TX: Kimbell Art Museum, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84, no. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Important Old Master Pictures. New York: Christie's: 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 296-7, under no. N146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 30-31, 145, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moster-Hoos, Jutta, ed. Die Geister, die sie riefen...: Lust- und Angstphantasien von Horst Janssen und Johan Heinrich Fu\u0308ssli. M\u00fcnchen: Hirmer, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47, fig. 9; Mentioned: p. 48", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Schiff 483a", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.365", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.365/1954.365_web.jpg", "width": "1182", "height": "893", "filesize": "196970", "filename": "1954.365_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.365/1954.365_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2569", "filesize": "1558830", "filename": "1954.365_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.365/1954.365_full.tif", "width": "5876", "height": "4440", "filesize": "78317820", "filename": "1954.365_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.365/1954.365_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1221", "height": "893", "filesize": "922864"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.365/1954.365_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1498", "filesize": "2622062"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.365/1954.365_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1498", "filesize": "9206892"}}, {"date_created": "2012-06-13T16:03:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.365/1954.365_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1219", "height": "893", "filesize": "211406"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.365/1954.365_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2491", "filesize": "1558867"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.365/1954.365_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5790", "height": "4243", "filesize": "73747600"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131789, "creators": [{"id": 1262, "description": "Henry Fuseli (Swiss, 1741\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1776, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:37.531000"}, {"id": 95328, "accession_number": "1916.1095", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Court Sword, c. 1790. England, London or Birmingham, late 18th Century. Steel; silver hilt, polished and faceted; blade partially blued and gilded; overall: 99.7 cm (39 1/4 in.); blade: 82.9 cm (32 5/8 in.); guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1095", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Court Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London or Birmingham, late 18th Century"], "technique": "steel; silver hilt, polished and faceted; blade partially blued and gilded", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 99.7 cm (39 1/4 in.); Blade: 82.9 cm (32 5/8 in.); Guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.997}, "blade": {"length": 0.829}, "guard": {"width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blue color on the blade was achieved by adding heat to the metal.", "description": "The hilt of this sword is finely finished with cut or faceted steel burnished to resemble cut stones. The neoclassical urn shape of the pommel was especially fashionable in England after 1780 up to the turn of the century. The upper portion of this blade is blued and gilded to provide a feel of great luxury. By the end of the 1700s, civilians no longer regularly wore swords nor used them as weapons. The court sword (or \"small\" sword as it was known in England) had become a piece of costume jewelry to be worn only with court dress or by military officers in dress uniform. The hilt and often the upper part of the blade became lavishly decorated as is illustrated by this example.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763123"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1095-court-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. # 487", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, E109", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 122; cat. no. p. 140, p. 169", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance, 1916.40", "current_location": "210B Firearms", "title": "Wheel-Lock from a Hunting Rifle", "creation_date": "c. 1720\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Munich, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, engraved", "support_materials": [{"description": "chiselled with grotesques, masks and foliage", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 29.2 x 11.7 cm (11 1/2 x 4 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.292, "width": 0.117}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on lock: IOAN GEORG DAX IN MUNCHEN; engraver's signature: I.C. Stenglin Sr.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 401015, "title": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)", "description": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan). Birmingham Museum of Art (organizer) (July 1, 1993-July 1, 1995).", "opening_date": "1993-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The engraver's signature, I.C. Stenglin Sr., can be seen on the edge running vertically.", "description": "At the beginning of the 1500s a new type of ignition system was invented: the wheel-lock, the first self-igniting mechanism for guns. This type of ignition involved a piece of iron pyrites held in the jaws of a cock. When the trigger was pulled the pyrites pressed against the serrated edge of a prewound revolving wheel, creating a shower of sparks that ignited priming powder in a pan on top of the lock. This action sent a flash of flame through the vent hole to explode the main charge in the breech of the barrel. Originally part of a deluxe hunting rifle, the lock plate's entire surface is engraved in a chaotic scene. Combating cavaliers, Turks, acanthus leaves, and trophies cover every bit of space.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60739935"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.40-wheel-lock-from-a-hu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 4, 17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (243) 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n439"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 168, F81", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n242"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 174, cat. no. 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 194, cat. no. 235", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.40/1916.40_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "707", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.40/1916.40_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2672", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.40/1916.40_full.tif", "width": "4588", "height": "3605", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.40/1916.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "601", "filesize": "620877"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.40/1916.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1617", "filesize": "1797214"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.40/1916.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3853", "height": "1832", "filesize": "21183596"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96671, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Wheel-Lock"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:45.579000"}, {"id": 96788, "accession_number": "1916.50.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flintlock Pistol (2 of 2), early 1700s. Franco-Flemish, Li\u00e8ge, early 18th Century. Steel with gold inlay, gilt-brass mounts; walnut burl stock; chiseled high-relief decoration; overall: 49.5 cm (19 1/2 in.); barrel: 32.1 cm (12 5/8 in.); bore: 1.5 cm (9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.50.2", "current_location": "210C Firearms", "title": "Flintlock Pistol (2 of 2)", "creation_date": "early 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Franco-Flemish, Li\u00e8ge, early 18th Century"], "technique": "steel with gold inlay, gilt-brass mounts; walnut burl stock; chiseled high-relief decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 49.5 cm (19 1/2 in.); Barrel: 32.1 cm (12 5/8 in.); Bore: 1.5 cm (9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.495}, "barrel": {"length": 0.321}, "bore": {"width": 0.015}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on barrel: G. MASSIN", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. 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The gilded lock-plate and mounts may be compared to the finest contemporary work in other media, such as furniture with ormolu mounts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754918"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.50.2-flintlock-pistol-2-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 4, 17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (261) 288", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n519"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149, F16; Reproduced: Plate XXXIV, F16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n221"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 173, cat. no. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96788, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1916.50", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:58.943000"}, {"id": 97043, "accession_number": "1916.698", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Schiavona Broadsword, 1700s. Italy, Venice. Steel, brass, leather and wood; overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); blade: 84.4 cm (33 1/4 in.); grip: 10.5 cm (4 1/8 in.); guard: 14.8 cm (5 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.698", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Schiavona Broadsword", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "steel, brass, leather and wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 100.3 cm (39 1/2 in.); Blade: 84.4 cm (33 1/4 in.); Grip: 10.5 cm (4 1/8 in.); Guard: 14.8 cm (5 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.003}, "blade": {"length": 0.844}, "grip": {"width": 0.105}, "guard": {"width": 0.148}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 401015, "title": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan)", "description": "European Arms and Armor from the Cleveland Museum of Art (Long-term Loan). 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The complex barred guard slopes forward and protects the hand.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779728"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. #360", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116-117, E69; Reproduced: Plate XXX, E69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 130, p. 169", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 171, p. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.698", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.698/1916.698_web.jpg", "width": "596", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.698_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.698/1916.698_print.jpg", "width": "2253", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.698_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.698/1916.698_full.tif", "width": "3130", "height": "4723", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.698_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.698/1916.698_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "534", "height": "893", "filesize": "275655"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.698/1916.698_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1225", "height": "2048", "filesize": "774851"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.698/1916.698_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1225", "height": "2048", "filesize": "7529316"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97043, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:18.250000"}, {"id": 136409, "accession_number": "1960.276", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Myriad of Birds (\u523a\u7e61\u79bd\u9ce5\u5716), 1700s\u20131800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911). Silk: satin weave with polychrome silk embroidery; overall: 118.7 x 76.2 cm (46 3/4 x 30 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1960.276", "current_location": "240A Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy", "title": "A Myriad of Birds", "title_in_original_language": "\u523a\u7e61\u79bd\u9ce5\u5716", "creation_date": "1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"], "technique": "silk: satin weave with polychrome silk embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 118.7 x 76.2 cm (46 3/4 x 30 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.187, "width": 0.762}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 673747, "title": "A Myriad of Flowers and Birds in Chinese Art", "description": "A Myriad of Flowers and Birds in Chinese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 2025-May 24, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This magnificent textile, probably executed by a woman, demonstrates the tradition of making embroidered pictures in imitation of paintings.", "description": "This embroidered panel, made with extremely fine silk threads, presents a lavishly detailed composition filled with fortuitous imagery. Pairs of birds, including mandarin ducks, peacocks, cranes, swallows, and pheasants, move among flowering trees, ornamental rocks, and aquatic plants, symbolizing harmony, prosperity, and longevity. Cranes stand for longevity, while a pair of mandarin ducks convey wishes for a harmonious marriage. Inspired by the decorative bird-and-flower paintings of the artist L\u00fc Ji, the work prioritizes symbolism over spatial logic. With vibrant colors, meticulous stitching, and fortuitous meaning, the embroidery exemplifies the technical brilliance of Qing dynasty textile art, rivaling the quality of imperial production.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80030326"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.276-embroidered-panel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "A similar embroidery is in the collection of the Yale University Art Gallery.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/59339"}, {"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von. \"From the SIlk Road to the Imperial Court: Chinese Textiles in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia 48, no. 3(May-June 2018): 50\u201356.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Silberstein, Rachel. \"\u201cOne Hundred Birds\u201d hanging scroll.\" Smarthistory (August 4, 2022).", "page_number": "Comparable Material", "url": "https://smarthistory.org/one-hundred-birds-hanging-scroll/"}, {"citation": "Silberstein, Rachel. \u201cA window into a Qing embroidery shop.\u201d HALI; the international journal of Oriental carpets and textiles. Issue 224, Summer 2025.", "page_number": "pp. 74\u201377", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.276", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.276/1960.276_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "900", "filesize": "341733", "filename": "1960.276_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.276/1960.276_print.jpg", "width": "2200", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3896604", "filename": "1960.276_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.276/1960.276_full.tif", "width": "10038", "height": "15512", "filesize": "467165752", "filename": "1960.276_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "597", "height": "893", "filesize": "583578"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1369", "height": "2048", "filesize": "3094062"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1369", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8414596"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-12T14:57:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "590", "height": "900", "filesize": "387779"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2230", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4389219"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10084", "height": "15374", "filesize": "465129912"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-12T15:20:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "385172"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5208640"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144036756"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-12T15:15:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "434717"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5413182"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144037724"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-12T15:25:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "425209"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5404681"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt4_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144036516"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-12T15:14:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "495818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5778698"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.276/1960.276_alt5_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144037876"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 136409, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s\u20131800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "Textiles are light sensitive, and damage to textiles from overexposure to light is cumulative and irreversible. One of the signs of light damage in textiles is the fading of dyes. In the case of this embroidered textile, by comparing the silk embroidery colors on the front to those on the back that have been protected from light, we know the silk embroidery colors have faded to more muted tones.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Embroidered Panel"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:27.157000"}, {"id": 168429, "accession_number": "2010.208", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure (kg\u00f6ngwana-tshingwana/Ngwana seh\u00f4), 1800s\u20131900s. Southern Africa, Lesotho, Southern Sotho-style maker. Wood, glass beads, cloth, thread, and copper alloy; overall: 25.4 cm (10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.208", "current_location": "108B Southern African", "title": "Figure (kg\u00f6ngwana-tshingwana/Ngwana seh\u00f4)", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern Africa, Lesotho, Southern Sotho-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, glass beads, cloth, thread, and copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 25.4 cm (10 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.254}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 78", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jonathan Lowen, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Bowmint Collection [Nicolas Maritz], Pretoria, South Africa", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal Art Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These figures were symbolic infants that recently married women would take care of until their first child was born.", "description": "Fertility figures like these were used during the initiation ceremonies of pubescent girls. Integrating talismanic materials in their fabrication, the figures were meant to guarantee fertility and prevent or cure barrenness\u2014a gourd\u2019s womblike shape and the seeds within symbolize fecundity. They are sometimes also called \u201cchild figures\u201d because a young bride would care for them as she would for her future children, carrying them on her back and sleeping with them until her first child was born.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760088"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.208-figure-kgongwana-tsh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Riep, David M. M. 2014. \"Hot Women!: South Sotho Female Arts in Context\". African Arts. 47, no. 3: 24-39.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constatine. \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa. \" Tribal Art. (Summer 2011). Pg. 66, Fig. 3", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M. Maternity: Mothers and Children in the Arts of Africa. Brussels : Mercatorfonds, 2017", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123, fig. 105; mentioned: p. 124", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.208", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.208/2010.208_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "286682", "filename": "2010.208_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.208/2010.208_print.jpg", "width": "2406", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4722563", "filename": "2010.208_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.208/2010.208_full.tif", "width": "3968", "height": "5606", "filesize": "66760316", "filename": "2010.208_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-24T17:37:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "679", "height": "893", "filesize": "288364"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2587", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4945754"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4363", "height": "5732", "filesize": "75052368"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-24T18:03:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "286012"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2431", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4911176"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3999", "height": "5592", "filesize": "67113636"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-24T17:54:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "301915"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2560", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5159081"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.208/2010.208_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5468", "filesize": "67578164"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168429, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Doll", "Fertility Figure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:06.242000"}, {"id": 145135, "accession_number": "1970.31", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Anne Louis Goislard de Montsabert, Comte de Richbourg-le-Toureil, 1734. Nicolas de Largilli\u00e8re (French, 1656\u20131746). Oil on canvas; framed: 108.5 x 91.5 x 11 cm (42 11/16 x 36 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 80.6 x 63.8 cm (31 3/4 x 25 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1970.31", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Portrait of Anne Louis Goislard de Montsabert, Comte de Richbourg-le-Toureil", "creation_date": "1734", "creation_date_earliest": 1734, "creation_date_latest": 1734, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 108.5 x 91.5 x 11 cm (42 11/16 x 36 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 80.6 x 63.8 cm (31 3/4 x 25 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.085, "width": 0.915, "depth": 0.11}, "unframed": {"height": 0.806, "width": 0.638}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on back of original canvas: peint par / N. de Largillierre / 1734", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337423, "title": "N. De Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France", "description": "N. De Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (September 15-November 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442651, "title": "Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France", "description": "Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 19-November 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Annual Exhibition. Thomas Agnew & Sons, London, United Kingdom (1905).", "opening_date": "1905-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Art of the Eighteenth Century.,Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, United Kingdom (1913).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anne Louis Goislard de Montsabert and the Montsabert family", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Possibly Comte Andr\u00e9 de Ganay [1863-1912], Paris1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The catalogue of the 1914 Galerie Georges Petit sale of the Fairfax Murray collection says that this painting was formerly in the Comte de Ganay collection. A June 4, 1903 sale of the Ganay collection contains a painting entitled \u201cPortrait d\u2019homme\u201d with this description: \u201cVu de trois quarts \u00e0 droite, il et coiff\u00e9 d\u2019une volumineuse perruque poudr\u00e9e; il est envelope dans un manteau de velours rouge. La t\u00eate seule est du ma\u00eetre.\u201d The painting is 75 x 60 cm; CMA\u2019s painting is 80.6 x 63.8 cm. Timing-wise and based on the description of the painting\u2019s composition, this would appear to be the CMA painting: Fairfax Murray sold the painting to Thomas Agnew & Sons in 1905, and so it is certainly feasible he would have purchased it in 1903. The dimensions, while not exact, are close enough to refer to the same work. However, the notation that only the head is the work of Largilli\u00e8re is puzzling, as CMA has not come across any research suggesting Largilli\u00e8re was responsible for the head only. Jean Cailleux, who handled the painting in the 1960s, wrote that he was unable to identify a catalogue which situates the painting in the Ganay collection, and that it does not appear in the June 3, 1903 sale. It is possible that the Galerie Georges Petit incorrectly assumed that the Largilli\u00e8re in the 1903 sale was the painting in Fairfax Murray\u2019s collection, and that Ganay should not be in this provenance.
"], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Charles Fairfax Murray [1849 \u2013 1919], London, sold to Thomas Agnew & Sons", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew & Sons, London, sold to Calouste S. Gulbenkian)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 After buying the painting from Charles Fairfax Murray in June 1905, Thomas Agnew & Sons sold it to Gulbenkian in June 1907, only to buy it back and sell it again to Murray.
"], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Calouste S. Gulbenkian [1869 \u20131955], sold to Thomas Agnew & Sons", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew & Sons, London, sold to Charles Fairfax Murray)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Charles Fairfax Murray [1849 \u2013 1919], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, Fairfax Murray sale, June 15, 1914, no. 24, sold to Bousquet)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Bousquet 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 The Frick Art Reference Library copy of the Fairfax Murray sale catalogue has a handwritten notation listing Bousquet as the buyer.
"], "date": "1914-", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Galerie Cailleux, Paris, sold to the Detroit Institute of Arts with funds provided by Ernest Kanzler 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Cailleux purchased the painting on the Parisian art market and did not pay attention to its owners prior to Ganay. He also did not know when the painting left Bousquet\u2019s collection, indicating that Cailleux did not purchase it directly from Bousquet.
1 In January 1966 the Detroit Institute of Arts acquired the painting from Cailleux with funds provided by Kanzler, who also served as broker in the sale. Kanzler, however, had reservations about the work entering the museum\u2019s permanent collection, and thus reserved the right to buy the painting back from the museum. The portrait was temporarily placed in the DIA\u2019s study collection between 1966 and 1967 and was never officially accessioned. During those two years, the painting traveled back and forth between the museum and Kanzler several times before Kanzler officially purchased the painting from the DIA in June 1967.
"], "date": "1966-1967", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The estate of Ernest Kanzler and Rosemarie Kanzler, sold to Eugene V. Thaw", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-1970", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "(Eugene V. Thaw, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1Thaw purchased the painting from Kanzler's estate through Mrs. Kanzler's agent.
"], "date": "1970", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 14}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "By positioning the figure close to the picture plane and engulfed in a swirl of drapery, Nicolas de Largilli\u00e8re created a remarkably informal likeness of the 26-year-old Goislard. This impression is enhanced by the sitter\u2019s open shirt and the drift of wig powder that dusts the shoulders of his velvet doublet. Warm hues and thick brushstrokes reveal the artist\u2019s study of earlier Flemish painters, notably Anthony van Dyck. Despite his youth and seeming nonchalance, Goislard was a figure of prominence. He may have commissioned this work to commemorate his appointment to the Parlement, or governing council, of France in 1732, or earning the title Lord of Montsabert the following year.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470851"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.31-portrait-of-anne-lou"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene Victor Thaw, letter to William S. Talbot, June 18, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene Victor Thaw, letter to William S. Talbot, June 18, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Frederick J. Cummings, letter to William S. Talbot, June 8, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Willis F. Woods, letter to Ernest Kanzler, March 14, 1966, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordon H. Robertson, letter to Ernest and Rosemarie Kanzler, July 1, 1966, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Virginia Reynolds, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Nov. 22, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Frederick J. Cummings, letter to William S. Talbot, June 8, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jean Cailleux, letter to William Talbot, Oct. 6, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clovis Whitfield, letter to William S. Talbot, June 1, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. Tableaux anciens. June 15, 1914", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clovis Whitfield, letter to William S. Talbot, June 1, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clovis Whitfield, letter to William S. Talbot, June 1, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clovis Whitfield, letter to William S. Talbot, June 1, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clovis Whitfield, letter to William S. Talbot, June 1, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Monsieur Montsabert, Nov. 3, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. Tableaux anciens. June 15, 1914.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Largillierre: Comte de Richebourg-le Toureil.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LVIII, no. 1 (January 1971): 1-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2, 4, cover; mentioned: 3-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1970.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 58, no. 2 (1971): 22-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66, cat. no. 43; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361."}, {"citation": "Winchester, Alice. \"Antiques.\" Magazine Antiques 100, no. 5 (November 1971): 723-733.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 732-733", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "\"Brief Aus New York.\" Du: die Kunstzeitschrift 490 (December 1981): 104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88; Mentioned: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenfeld, Myra Nan. Largillierre and the Eighteenth-Century Portrait. Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277, cat. no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Insight/On Site.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 78, no. 6 (1991): 246-71.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 256", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161330"}, {"citation": "Laine, Merit, and Carolina Brown. Gustaf Lundberg: 1695-1786 : en portra\u0308ttma\u030alare och hans tid. Stockholm, Sweden: Nationalmuseum, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, pl. 25; Mentioned: p. 197", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.31", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.31/1970.31_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "382018", "filename": "1970.31_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.31/1970.31_print.jpg", "width": "2706", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5908188", "filename": "1970.31_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.31/1970.31_full.tif", "width": "4429", "height": "5565", "filesize": "73983524", "filename": "1970.31_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 145135, "creators": [{"id": 1902, "description": "Nicolas de Largilli\u00e8re (French, 1656\u20131746)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1656", "death_year": "1746", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1734, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1734", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Anne Louis Goislard de Montsabert", "Anne Louis Goislard de Montsabert, Comte de Richbourg-le- Toureil"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:46.673000"}, {"id": 119017, "accession_number": "1940.1203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Woman Putting Flowers in Her Hair, c. 1710. Rosalba Carriera (Italian, 1675\u20131757). Watercolor on ivory in a tortoiseshell pique-point frame; framed: 10.6 x 12.7 cm (4 3/16 x 5 in.); unframed: 8.6 x 10.5 cm (3 3/8 x 4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1940.1203", "current_location": null, "title": "A Woman Putting Flowers in Her Hair", "creation_date": "c. 1710", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1715, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a tortoiseshell pique-point frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 10.6 x 12.7 cm (4 3/16 x 5 in.); Unframed: 8.6 x 10.5 cm (3 3/8 x 4 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.106, "width": 0.127}, "unframed": {"height": 0.086, "width": 0.105}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 372027, "title": "By Her Hand: Artemisia Gentileschi and Women Artists in Italy, 1500\u20131800", "description": "By Her Hand: Artemisia Gentileschi and Women Artists in Italy, 1500\u20131800. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (September 30, 2021-January 9, 2022); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (February 6-May 29, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 454621, "title": "Making Her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800", "description": "Making Her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (co-organizer) (October 1, 2023-January 7, 2024) https://artbma.org/exhibition/making-her-mark-a-history-of-women-artists-in-europe-1400-1800.", "opening_date": "2023-10-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Internationalen Miniaturen-Ausstellung, Albertina, Vienna, Austria (May-June, 1924).", "opening_date": "1924-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Women Artists: 1550-1950, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1976/12/21 - 1977/03/13); The University Art Museum, Austin, TX (1977/04/12 - 1977/06/12); Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (1977/07/14 - 1977/09/04); The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (1977/10/08 - 1977/11/27).", "opening_date": "2004-07-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Victor Emanuel Pollak, Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1924-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotheby\u2019s, London, November 30, 1938, lot 125)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 30, 1938", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland ,OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-1940", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Its extraordinary thickness indicates that this is one of Carriera's earliest experiments painting on ivory.", "description": "Scholars generally agree that Rosalba Carriera (1675-1757) developed the art of painting miniatures on ivory, in place of the traditional support of vellum, a fine animal skin. Although she became famous as a pastel painter, in her early career, Carriera decorated ivory snuff boxes-containers used to hold powdered tobacco taken by sniffing up the nostrils-for tourists. This miniature likely served as a lid to a snuff box, due to its elliptical shape in contrast to the oval or occasionally round shapes of most other miniatures. Although painters of ivory snuff boxes used watercolor, the same media artists used on vellum, the finished images on ivory were crude in comparison to those painted on vellum because ivory presents a greasy, non-absorbent surface, causing watercolor to run. Carriera revolutionized the art of watercolor painting on ivory through a process she termed her fondelli, or foundation. She developed a way in which to work in watercolor on ivory that emulated the soft powdery sophistication of her pastels. She used opaque gouache, essentially watercolor paint mixed with a gummy white, a combination of media which adhered to the oily surface of ivory. News of Carriera's innovation spread through Europe, and in the first few decades of the 1700s, most miniaturists abandoned vellum in favor of ivory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014209"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1203-a-woman-putting-flow"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Oberer, Angela, and Rosalba Carriera. Rosalba Carriera. London: Lund Humphries, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 27-28, fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gesellschaft der Bilder- und Miniaturenfreunde (Vienna, Austria), and Leo Schidlof. Katalog der Internationalen Miniaturen-Ausstellung in der Albertina, Wien, mai-juni, 1924. Wien: Gesellschaft der Bilder- und Miniaturenfreunde, 1924.", "page_number": "cat. no. 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38, cat. 84, p. 21; Reproduced: plate XXXVII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures"}, {"citation": "Lister, Raymond, \"The Edward B. Greene Collection of Portrait Miniatures\", Apollo LV (Jan. 1952).", "page_number": "p. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harris, Ann Sutherland, and Linda Nochlin. Women Artists, 1550-1950. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "cat. no. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Review of exhibition Women Artists: 1550-1950 at the Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute\", Museologist no. 141 (June 1977).", "page_number": "p. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sani, Bernardina. 1981. \"Pastelli e miniature di Rosalba Carriera nella collezione di Giovanni Guglielmo Pfalz\". Itinerari. 133-143.", "page_number": "p. 136, illus. pl. 61a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eschwey, Maymie. Portraits in Miniature: An Introductory Guide. Edina, Mn: Alpha editions, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carriera, Rosalba, and Bernardina Sani. Rosalba Carriera. Torino: U. Allemandi, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 277, cat no. 17, fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sani, Bernardina, and Rosalba Carriera. Rosalba Carriera: 1673-1757 : maestra del pastello nell'Europa ancien re\u0301gime. Torino: U. Allemandi, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 71, no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arenas, Amelia, and Tetsuo Kinoshita. Efude o totta redi: josei gaka no gohyakunen. Kyo\u0304to: Tanko\u0304sha, 2008.", "page_number": "pp. 58-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 196-197", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gentileschi, Artemisia, Eve Straussman-Pflanzer, Oliver Tostmann, and Sheila Barker. By Her Hand: Artemisia Gentileschi and Women Artists in Italy, 1500-1800. Detroit, Michigan : Detroit Institute of Arts, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 164-165, no. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Oberer, Angela. \"The 'White Rose' of Venice.\" In Rosalba Carriera: Perfection in Pastel edited by Roland Enke and Katja Paul, 43-54. Exh. cat. Dresden: Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, 2023", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Banta, Andaleeb Badiee, Alexa Greist, and Theresa Kutasz Christensen. Making Her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800. Fredericton, New Brunswick : Goose Lane Editions ; Toronto, Ontario : AGO ; Baltimore, Maryland : Baltimore Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 203, cat. 97, p. 204, illus. p. 204", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1203/1940.1203_web.jpg", "width": "1060", "height": "893", "filesize": "620293", "filename": "1940.1203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1203/1940.1203_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2863", "filesize": "5729694", "filename": "1940.1203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1203/1940.1203_full.tif", "width": "4852", "height": "4086", "filesize": "59507008", "filename": "1940.1203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-01-05T18:46:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1203/1940.1203_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1009", "height": "893", "filesize": "311455"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1203/1940.1203_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3010", "filesize": "3743149"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1203/1940.1203_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4592", "height": "4065", "filesize": "56032684"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119017, "creators": [{"id": 3670, "description": "Rosalba Carriera (Italian, 1675\u20131757)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1675", "death_year": "1757", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lady at Her Dressing Table"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:53.822000"}, {"id": 124990, "accession_number": "1946.431", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Juan Maria Osorio, c. 1786. Agust\u00edn Esteve y Marques (Spanish, 1753\u2013c. 1820). Oil on canvas; framed: 143.8 x 107.6 x 6.4 cm (56 5/8 x 42 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 120 x 84 cm (47 1/4 x 33 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1946.431", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Juan Maria Osorio", "creation_date": "c. 1786", "creation_date_earliest": 1781, "creation_date_latest": 1791, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 143.8 x 107.6 x 6.4 cm (56 5/8 x 42 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 120 x 84 cm (47 1/4 x 33 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.438, "width": 1.076, "depth": 0.064}, "unframed": {"height": 1.2, "width": 0.84}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed at bottom: \"EL Sr. Dn. JUAN MARIA, OSORIO, ALVAREZ. D TOLEDO; NACIO EN 28 DAGOSTO, D 1780 Y FALLECIO, EN.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "Art, A Means to World Understanding. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519416, "title": "El Greco to Goya, A Loan Exhibition of Spanish Paintings of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "El Greco to Goya, A Loan Exhibition of Spanish Paintings of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN (organizer) (February 10-March 24, 1963); Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (February 10-March 24, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207472, "title": "Goya and the Altamira Family", "description": "Goya and the Altamira Family. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 22-August 3, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-04-22T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Birmingham (Alabama) Museum of Art, April 8-June 3, 1951: \"Opening Exhibition,\" (No catalogue).", "opening_date": "1951-04-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, Florida, The Society of the Four Arts, January 11-February 3, 1952: \"Spanish Painting Exhibition,\" cat. no. 16.", "opening_date": "1952-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chattanooga (Tennessee) Art Association, The George Thomas Hunter Gallery of Art, May 1952: \"First Loan Exhibition, Formal Opening,\" cat. p. 1.", "opening_date": "1952-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Arts, October 8-November 14, 1954: \"Masterpieces of Spanish Paining,\" cat. no. 12.", "opening_date": "1954-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winnipeg (Manitoba) Art Gallery, April 16-may 15, 1955: \"El Greco to Goya,\" cat. no. 19.", "opening_date": "1955-04-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Urbana, Illinois, University of Illinois, October 23-November 27, 1955 \" Paintings from Midwest Museums,\" cat. no. 13.", "opening_date": "1955-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Syracuse (New York) Museum of Fine Arts, February 3-28, 1957: \"Goya, Zurubar\u00e1n, and Spanish Primitives-An Exhibition of Spanish Painings,\" cat. no. 35; Atlanta (Georgia) Art Association, Galleries, March 1957. Addenda for catalogue published, no. 33.", "opening_date": "1957-02-03T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Don Vicente Osorio Moscoso Fernandez de Corboba, Count of Altamira and Astorga.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "by 1864 Altamira Family (Madrid, Spain)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "- 1931", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection (Paris, France), sold to Joseph Duveen, 1931", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1931-1946 Duveen Brothers (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1946.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The boy holds a string attached to a linnet, a type of finch popular as a pet.", "description": "Esteve y Marques enjoyed a successful early career as a court painter and society portraitist, working as an assistant to the Spanish painter Francisco de Goya before becoming court painter to King Charles IV. The young subject of this portrait is Juan Maria Osorio, one of three sons of Don Vicente Osorio Moscoso Fernandez de Cordoba, the 13th count of Altamira, who also commissioned multiple family portraits from Goya. Esteve and Goya often shared aristocratic patrons, and there are also portraits of the count and his wife attributed to Esteve. The portrait of Juan Maria is somewhat static in execution, the subject lacking vigor and psychological intensity in Esteve's depiction. Yet some of the stiffness of the Cleveland portrait may be due to the fact that this work was probably a posthumous portrait of Juan Maria, who died in 1785 at the age of five.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515279"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.431-portrait-of-juan-mar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 483; Mentioned: p. 482-484", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Don Juan Maria Osorio-Alvarez: The Boy with a Linnet' by Goya.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 6 (June 1947): 112-116.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112; Reproduced: p. 115-117", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141374"}, {"citation": "Spanish Paintings of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Indianapolis, Indiana, The Art Association, John Herron Museum of Art 1963:", "page_number": "cat. no. 26, pl. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salomon, Xavier F. \"Goya and the Altamira Family.\" Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 71, no. 4 (Spring 2014).", "page_number": "44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . 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Turkey, Ottoman period (1299\u20131922). Wood, steel, brass, mother-of-pearl inlay, and leather; overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); barrel: 68.3 cm (26 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1916.828", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Matchlock Musket", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1710, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Turkey, Ottoman period (1299\u20131922)"], "technique": "Wood, steel, brass, mother-of-pearl inlay, and leather", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); Barrel: 68.3 cm (26 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.035}, "barrel": {"length": 0.683}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 289554, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 21, 2016-December 4, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-12-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A matchlock musket was loaded from the muzzle end with a scouring stick kept in a sleeve on the underside of the barrel.", "description": "Collectively, the Safavid, Mughal, and Ottoman empires are known as the Gunpowder Empires. Particularly from the 1500\u20131700s, they were among the strongest economic, cultural, and militaristic powers. Each trained and equipped their armies with the latest gunpowder firearms, particularly cannons and muskets. While used in battle, muskets were also used for leisure activities, particularly hunting. The decoration on this musket suggests it was a courtly item, fitted with a leather pad to protect the shooter from the force of the explosion after firing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79481321"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.828-matchlock-musket"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Strong, Meghan E. \u201cArt of the Islamic World.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 28-30.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 29.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.828", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.828/1916.828_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "438", "filesize": "60530", "filename": "1916.828_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.828/1916.828_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1656", "filesize": "432852", "filename": "1916.828_print.jpg"}, 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"width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "1286237"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.828/1916.828_alt10_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144027932"}}, {"date_created": "2015-09-17T11:28:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.828/1916.828_alt11_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "146820"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.828/1916.828_alt11_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "1790053"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.828/1916.828_alt11_full.tif", "width": "7813", "height": "5859", "filesize": "137359236"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97193, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:22.637000"}, {"id": 97972, "accession_number": "1917.611.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Autumn from the Four Seasons, c. 1775. Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381). Hard-paste porcelain; overall: 28.4 x 16.2 x 13.7 cm (11 3/16 x 6 3/8 x 5 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.611.1", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Autumn from the Four Seasons", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Bristol"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 28.4 x 16.2 x 13.7 cm (11 3/16 x 6 3/8 x 5 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.284, "width": 0.162, "depth": 0.137}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1917.611"], "did_you_know": "Allegorical figures most often decorated a table during the dessert course, providing amusing subjects for conversation.", "description": "The modern notion of childhood as a time of innocence and simplicity emerged during the second half of the eighteenth century. This understanding of adolescence led to numerous depictions of children as personifications of the four seasons. Here autumn is portrayed as a young girl playfully jostling her overskirt as she balances a basket of fruit against her hip. The grapes, plums, and apples filling her basket allude to a plentiful fall harvest.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763677"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.611.1-figure-of-autumn-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n55"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.611.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "900", "filesize": "195074", "filename": "1917.611.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_print.jpg", "width": "2279", "height": "3400", "filesize": "918747", "filename": "1917.611.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_full.tif", "width": "4969", "height": "7414", "filesize": "110547848", "filename": "1917.611.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-01-16T16:29:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "554", "height": "893", "filesize": "228230"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2110", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2710398"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3400", "height": "5478", "filesize": "55905328"}}, {"date_created": "2006-01-16T16:35:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "607", "height": "893", "filesize": "231485"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2312", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2873483"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3782", "height": "5562", "filesize": "63135968"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:11:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "900", "filesize": "177075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2299", "height": "3400", "filesize": "779905"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5054", "height": "7473", "filesize": "113332384"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:13:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "581", "height": "900", "filesize": "183123"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2195", "height": "3400", "filesize": "838261"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4813", "height": "7454", "filesize": "107655372"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:15:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "900", "filesize": "182155"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2397", "height": "3400", "filesize": "829393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5388", "height": "7641", "filesize": "123535984"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-28T20:17:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "684", "filesize": "191938"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2583", "filesize": "1111797"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.1/1917.611.1_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4368", "height": "3318", "filesize": "43506136"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97972, "creators": [{"id": 14385, "description": "Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Benjamin Lund produced soft-paste porcelain known as Lund's Bristol Ware between 1749 and 1752. When William Cookworthy (1705-1784) moved his pottery works to Bristol from Plymouth, he began to produce England's first hard-paste porcelain. The works were soon transferred to his factory manager then partner Richard Champion (1743-1791), who directed the factory until its demise around 1782.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.611", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:41.266000"}, {"id": 97975, "accession_number": "1917.611.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Winter from the Four Seasons, c. 1775. Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381). Hard-paste porcelain; overall: 27.2 x 13 x 11.5 cm (10 11/16 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.611.4", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Winter from the Four Seasons", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Bristol"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 27.2 x 13 x 11.5 cm (10 11/16 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.272, "width": 0.13, "depth": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1917.614"], "did_you_know": "Allegorical figures most often decorated a table during the dessert course, providing amusing subjects for conversation.", "description": "The modern notion of childhood as a time of innocence and simplicity emerged during the second half of the eighteenth century. This understanding of adolescence led to numerous depictions of children as personifications of the four seasons. Here winter is portrayed as a young boy wearing ice skates, a fur-lined jacket, and a hat adorned with holly branches. In his satchel he carries a goose and rabbit, both of which are commonly hunted in the winter.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755761"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.611.4-figure-of-winter-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n55"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.611.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "900", "filesize": "186869", "filename": "1917.611.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_print.jpg", "width": "2152", "height": "3400", "filesize": "859076", "filename": "1917.611.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_full.tif", "width": "4905", "height": "7751", "filesize": "114083440", "filename": "1917.611.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-10-29T15:01:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "590", "height": "900", "filesize": "173126"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2228", "height": "3400", "filesize": "782915"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5042", "height": "7693", "filesize": "116391168"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-29T15:04:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "645", "height": "900", "filesize": "185950"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2437", "height": "3400", "filesize": "897067"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5452", "height": "7607", "filesize": "124447456"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-29T15:07:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "900", "filesize": "175051"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2213", "height": "3400", "filesize": "792665"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4811", "height": "7391", "filesize": "106701252"}}, {"date_created": "2019-10-29T15:08:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "809", "filesize": "210958"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3057", "filesize": "1242962"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.611.4/1917.611.4_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3752", "height": "3374", "filesize": "38005468"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97975, "creators": [{"id": 14385, "description": "Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Benjamin Lund produced soft-paste porcelain known as Lund's Bristol Ware between 1749 and 1752. When William Cookworthy (1705-1784) moved his pottery works to Bristol from Plymouth, he began to produce England's first hard-paste porcelain. The works were soon transferred to his factory manager then partner Richard Champion (1743-1791), who directed the factory until its demise around 1782.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.611", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:58.103000"}, {"id": 143916, "accession_number": "1968.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Trophy Cup and Cover, 1792\u20131793. Peter Bateman (British, 1740\u20131825), Anne Bateman (British, 1748\u20131813). Silver gilt; overall: 59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous gift in memory of Margaret Quayle Kerruish; the Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, and various donors by exchange, 1968.30", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Trophy Cup and Cover", "creation_date": "1792\u20131793", "creation_date_earliest": 1792, "creation_date_latest": 1793, "artists_tags": ["female", "male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.597, "width": 0.4}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Engraved arms: Grosvenor impaling Egerton and Grey (arms of Robert Grosvenor (1767\u20131845), the first Marquess of Westminster, and Lady Eleanor Egerton (1770\u20131846))", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The graceful form of this trophy by Peter Bateman and his sister-in-law Anne Dowling Bateman is reminiscent of the elegant designs produced by their mother Hester Bateman (1708\u20131794), one of the most celebrated female silversmiths of all time.", "description": "Silver fulfilled a prominent role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life during the 1600s and 1700s. Elaborate forms such as this trophy, with its swags of flowers, neoclassical rosettes, acanthus spears, and acorn finial, not only represented wealth in its sheer silver weight but also provided royal and aristocratic owners a surface for displaying engraved coats of arms. Engraved on one side of this trophy cup can be found the arms of Robert Grosvenor (1767\u20131845), the first Marquess of Westminster, and Lady Eleanor Egerton (1770\u20131846), whom he married in 1794, a year after the trophy\u2019s completion. The other side depicts preparations for a horserace, the most culturally significant leisure activity enjoyed by aristocratic families in the 1700s. Grosvenor owned a number of famous horses and was likely awarded this trophy following a successful race.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745978"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.30-trophy-cup-and-cover"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 230-234, figs. 1-3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152223"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.30", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30/1968.30_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "900", "filesize": "176738", "filename": "1968.30_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30/1968.30_print.jpg", "width": "2632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1063203", "filename": "1968.30_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30/1968.30_full.tif", "width": "9627", "height": "12438", "filesize": "359247140", "filename": "1968.30_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-05-06T18:07:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30/1968.30_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "99684"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30/1968.30_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "830104"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30/1968.30_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67970960"}}, {"date_created": "2008-05-06T18:12:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30/1968.30_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "101257"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30/1968.30_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "845603"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30/1968.30_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67971056"}}], "creditline": "Anonymous gift in memory of Margaret Quayle Kerruish; the Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, and various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143916, "creators": [{"id": 8963, "description": "Peter Bateman (British, 1740\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Peter Bateman, second son of Hester Bateman, bon 1740. Apprenticed to Richard Clarke, husband of his sister Letitia. Married first, Elizabeth Beaver (widow) 1763, and second Sarah - 1776. Lived at 86 Bunhill Row. First mark entered in partnership with Jonathan, 7 December 1790, and six further marks on 9 December. On Jonathan's death entered mark with Ann and William, January 1800. \r\nFourth mark with William, 8 November 1805. Probably retired in 1815 on entry of William Bateman's single mark. He died 19 November 1825, leaving in his will \u00a350 each to the Evangelical Institution at Newport Pagnall and the Baptist Academy, Stepney. In 1805 he gave a chandelier to the Meeting House at Newport Pagnall, whose minister William Bull, intimate of the poet Cowper, was a friend of the goldsmith and whose son, the Rev. T. B. Bull married Letitia, daughter of Jonathan and Ann Bateman.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1740", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 21370, "description": "Anne Bateman (British, 1748\u20131813)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Ann Bateman, born Dowling 1748. Married Jonathan Bateman 1769 at St. Luke\u2019s, Old Street. On her husband\u2019s death in 1791 joined her brother-in-law Peter in partnership, their mark entered 2 May 1791. Address: Bunhill Row. Her son William was added to the partnership in January 1800. She retired in 1805 and died before 1813.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1813", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1792, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1792\u20131793", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:59.894000"}, {"id": 144931, "accession_number": "1970.136", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Brush Washer in Shape of a Leaf, 1723\u201335. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng reign (1723-1735). Porcelain with camellia-leaf green glaze; overall: 19.7 cm (7 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lois Clarke, 1970.136", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Brush Washer in Shape of a Leaf", "creation_date": "1723\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng reign (1723-1735)"], "technique": "porcelain with camellia-leaf green glaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 19.7 cm (7 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.197}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Miss Lois Clarke, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The potter detailed the edge of this plantain leaf with holes to make it appear as if a worm had snacked on it.", "description": "The leaf-shaped brush washer came with a carved wooden stand that was made separately. It reflects how the object was previously used, displayed, and appreciated.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762936"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.136-brush-washer-in-shap"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70, no. 133", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.136", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.136/1970.136_web.jpg", "width": "1224", "height": "893", "filesize": "525212", "filename": "1970.136_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.136/1970.136_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2481", "filesize": "3357426", "filename": "1970.136_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.136/1970.136_full.tif", "width": "3748", "height": "2735", "filesize": "30781552", "filename": "1970.136_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-09-09T14:54:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.136/1970.136_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1224", "height": "893", "filesize": "512035"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.136/1970.136_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2480", "filesize": "3226468"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.136/1970.136_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3521", "height": "2568", "filesize": "27154424"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Lois Clarke", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144931, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Brush Washer in Shape of a Lotus Leaf"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:09.022000"}, {"id": 144960, "accession_number": "1970.155", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scepter in the Shape of a Ruyi Fungus, 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Carved boxwood; overall: 38.1 cm (15 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund, 1970.155", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Scepter in the Shape of a Ruyi Fungus", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "carved boxwood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 38.1 cm (15 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.381}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 16-October 28, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Asian Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Boxwood is a small, slow-growing evergreen tree found in Southeast China and as far as Europe.", "description": "The ruyi scepter was among the decorative items collected by the Chinese literati. It was thought that lofty and refined men of ancient times\u2014the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove of the late 200s CE\u2014carried ruyi scepters during the so-called pure conversations of the Daoists. The name ruyi (literally, as one wishes) conveys blessings of wish fulfillment. The fungus-shaped head is an emblem of immortality.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762814"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.155-scepter-in-the-shape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71, no. 162", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.155", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.155/1970.155_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "35747", "filename": "1970.155_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.155/1970.155_print.jpg", "width": "2360", "height": "3400", "filesize": "413455", "filename": "1970.155_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.155/1970.155_full.tif", "width": "5068", "height": "7299", "filesize": "111009964", "filename": "1970.155_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-08-29T17:54:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.155/1970.155_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "33140"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.155/1970.155_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "394100"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.155/1970.155_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4633", "height": "6687", "filesize": "92981020"}}], "creditline": "Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144960, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:37.637000"}, {"id": 148725, "accession_number": "1976.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box, 1771. Thomas Heming (British, 1722/23\u20131801). Silver gilt; overall: 12.4 x 18 x 14.4 cm (4 7/8 x 7 1/16 x 5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1976.17", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Box", "creation_date": "1771", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1771, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 12.4 x 18 x 14.4 cm (4 7/8 x 7 1/16 x 5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.124, "width": 0.18, "depth": 0.144}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Spink & Son Ltd, London, 1976, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This small box likely held jewelry and may have been accompanied by a mirror, scent bottles, brushes, combs, candlesticks, and small covered bowls on a wealthy woman\u2019s dressing table.", "description": "Produced by King George III\u2019s principal goldsmith, Thomas Heming, this silver gilt box closely resembles those he produced for the Queen of Denmark and the ladies of the British court in the 1760s. Adorning the hinged lid is an unidentified scene along with four scallop shells and acanthus leaves. Similarly, the curvilinear sides are ornamented with an array of swirling flora and serpentine lines.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781094"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.17-box"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1976.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 2 (February 1977): 39-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40; reproduced: p. 47", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152676"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.17/1976.17_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "695", "filesize": "123847", "filename": "1976.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.17/1976.17_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "1243318", "filename": "1976.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.17/1976.17_full.tif", "width": "4823", "height": "3727", "filesize": "53950460", "filename": "1976.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-05-05T15:32:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.17/1976.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "695", "filesize": "150635"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.17/1976.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "1464134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.17/1976.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4995", "height": "3860", "filesize": "57867456"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148725, "creators": [{"id": 9002, "description": "Thomas Heming (British, 1722/23\u20131801)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1722", "death_year": "1801", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1771", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Casket"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:06.528000"}, {"id": 154265, "accession_number": "1988.75", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Brush Holder with Figures in Landscape and Poetic Inscription by Wang Meilin from Jiading (\u7b46\u7b52), 1800s. Wang Meilin (Chinese, active c. 1825). Carved bamboo; overall: 16 x 12.4 cm (6 5/16 x 4 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1988.75", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Brush Holder with Figures in Landscape and Poetic Inscription by Wang Meilin from Jiading", "title_in_original_language": "\u7b46\u7b52", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Daoguang reign (1821-50)"], "technique": "carved bamboo", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 16 x 12.4 cm (6 5/16 x 4 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.16, "width": 0.124}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "A ten-acre [home], a five-acre yard with a water pool, and a thousand bamboos. Don\u2019t say the field is narrow, or the location remote. It is enough to accommodate the knee and rest the shoulder. It has a hall and a yard, a bridge and a boat. It has books and wine, songs and string [instruments]. An old man in the midst of it, his white beard flowing. [He] is moderate and satisfied, has no demands and needs. Like a bird he chooses a branch, builds a nest, and rests at ease. Like a fish in a swamp, that does not know how wide the ocean is. . . . All I like, lies before me. I drink a cup of wine from time to time, recite a [poem], wife and children play, chicken and dogs are at leisure, and I will grow old here.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Inscribed by Wang Meilin", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310246, "title": "The Year in Review for 1988", "description": "The Year in Review for 1988. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 14, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Masaaki Yoshida, Kyoto, Japan, sold to to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131988", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Bamboo was considered a humble material that suited the Confucian ideals of frugality and modesty.", "description": "This bamboo brush holder shows a scholar inside a mountain retreat under trees. On its back side, a cliff inscribed with a text by the Tang poet Bai Juyi (772\u2013846) describes the carefree life of a scholar among family and servants in the countryside.
The text in cursive script style calligraphy (xingshu) says:
A ten-acre [home], a five-acre yard with a water pool, and a thousand bamboos. Don\u2019t say the field is narrow, or the location remote. It is enough to accommodate the knee and rest the shoulder. It has a hall and a yard, a bridge and a boat. It has books and wine, songs and string [instruments]. An old man in the midst of it, his white beard flowing. [He] is moderate and satisfied, has no demands and needs. Like a bird he chooses a branch, builds a nest, and rests at ease. Like a fish in a swamp, that does not know how wide the ocean is. . . . All I like, lies before me. I drink a cup of wine from time to time, recite a [poem], wife and children play, chicken and dogs are at leisure, and I will grow old here. ", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745903"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.75-brush-holder-with-fi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1988.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 76, no. 2 (1989): 30-75.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 211, p. 74, Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160061."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1988.75", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.75/1988.75_web.jpg", "width": "823", "height": "893", "filesize": "109716", "filename": "1988.75_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.75/1988.75_print.jpg", "width": "3133", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1348069", "filename": "1988.75_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.75/1988.75_full.tif", "width": "5084", "height": "5517", "filesize": "84175084", "filename": "1988.75_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "578", "height": "893", "filesize": "396443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1856", "height": "2868", "filesize": "3322871"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1856", "height": "2868", "filesize": "15974940"}}, {"date_created": "2012-08-28T14:37:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "858", "height": "893", "filesize": "113315"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1420442"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5269", "height": "5482", "filesize": "86684276"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "893", "filesize": "390644"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2014", "height": "3104", "filesize": "3604163"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.75/1988.75_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2014", "height": "3104", "filesize": "18760756"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154265, "creators": [{"id": 388601, "description": "Wang Meilin (Chinese, active c. 1825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u738b\u6885\u90bb", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1988-09-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Brush Holder with Figures in Landscape", "Brush Holder with Figures in Landscape and Poetic Inscription", "Brush Holder with Figures in Landscape and Poetic Inscription by Wang Meilin from Jiading (Qing dynasty)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:48.467000"}, {"id": 153374, "accession_number": "1986.62", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "King Bana in his court, from an Usha-Aniruddha, c. 1760\u201370. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; overall: 21.9 x 32.1 cm (8 5/8 x 12 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Clara Taplin Rankin, 1986.62", "current_location": null, "title": "King Bana in his court, from an Usha-Aniruddha", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 21.9 x 32.1 cm (8 5/8 x 12 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.219, "width": 0.321}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 13, 2003-February 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-08-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George P. Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Alfred M. [Clara Taplin] Rankin [1917\u20132025], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["439.86"], "did_you_know": "Clara Taplin Rankin, the donor of this painting, was a trustee of the CMA as well as the Musical Arts Association and the Cleveland Institute of Music.", "description": "This portrait of a demon king depicts him listening to the report of one of his ministers. He may be hearing the news that his daughter Usha has been secretly receiving Krishna\u2019s grandson Aniruddha in her bedchamber. The artist has depicted Bana with his 20 arms emerging like tentacles from his body. The members of his multicolored demon court are imaginatively rendered combinations of beasts and humans. In the background, demons harass holy men by burning their huts and chasing them away from their settlements.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475900"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.62-king-bana-enjoying-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection: Catalog. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "cat. no. 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1986.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 74, no. 2 (February 1987): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79; Mentioned: p. 76, no. 209", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159974"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.62/1986.62_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "632", "filesize": "239089", "filename": "1986.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.62/1986.62_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2386", "filesize": "2456646", "filename": "1986.62_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.62/1986.62_full.tif", "width": "6735", "height": "4727", "filesize": "95542608", "filename": "1986.62_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-25T11:39:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "657", "filesize": "186787"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2481", "filesize": "2297262"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7686", "height": "5608", "filesize": "129339396"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-25T11:46:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "900", "filesize": "238865"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2606", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2606354"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5491", "height": "7164", "filesize": "118046328"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-25T11:51:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "900", "filesize": "231950"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2508", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2585707"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.62/1986.62_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5317", "height": "7207", "filesize": "114992592"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Clara Taplin Rankin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153374, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-09-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Banasur Enjoying Music in his Court, Usha section of a Krishna Lila", "King Bana enjoying music in his court, from the Usha-Aniruddha section of a Krishna Lila", "King Bana enjoying music in his court, from an Usha-Aniruddha"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:31.150000"}, {"id": 144588, "accession_number": "1969.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Ambrose, c. 1796\u201399. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828). Oil on canvas; framed: 148.7 x 225.3 x 10.3 cm (58 9/16 x 88 11/16 x 4 1/16 in.); unframed: 190 x 113 cm (74 13/16 x 44 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1969.23", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Saint Ambrose", "creation_date": "c. 1796\u201399", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 148.7 x 225.3 x 10.3 cm (58 9/16 x 88 11/16 x 4 1/16 in.); Unframed: 190 x 113 cm (74 13/16 x 44 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.487, "width": 2.253, "depth": 0.103}, "unframed": {"height": 1.9, "width": 1.13}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441959, "title": "Goya y el nacimiento del liberalismo (Goya and the Spirit of Enlightenment)", "description": "Goya y el nacimiento del liberalismo (Goya and the Spirit of Enlightenment). Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 6-December 18, 1988); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (co-organizer) (January 18-March 26, 1989); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (May 9-July 16, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219137, "title": "Goya, un regard libre (Goya, Another Look)", "description": "Goya, un regard libre (Goya, Another Look). Palais des Beaux Arts de Lille, Lille, France (December 11, 1998-March 14, 1999); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (April 17-July 11, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-12-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Rome, Valle Guilia, Galeria Nazionale d'arte Modera, 1930: \"gli Antichi Pittori Spagnoli della collezione Contini-Bonacossi,\" cat. # 28, pl. XIX.", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1970: \"Year in Review 1969,\" Bulletin LVII (January, 1970), cat. # 145, repr. pl. I (clr).", "opening_date": "1970-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Madrid, Spain, Prado Museum, October 4-December 18, 1988: \"Goya and the Spirit of Enlightenment,\" cat. # 22, pp. 50-55, repr. clr. p. 52, detail p. 53 (clr.) Boston, MA, Museum of Fine Arts, January 18-March 26, 1989, New York, NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art, May 9-July 16, 1989", "opening_date": "1988-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lille, France: Palais de Beaux-Arts de Lille 12/11/98 - 3/21/99; Philadelphia Museum of Art 4/11/99 - 7/11/99 \"Goya, un regard libre (Goya, Another Look)\"", "opening_date": "1998-12-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 20 - May 29, 2005. \"Masterworks from The Phillips Collection\". Not in exh. cat.", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marques de la Cueva del Rey, sold to Galerie Heinemann", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 The title of the Marqueses de la Cueva del Rey was created by Carlos II of Spain in 1690, and so it is possible that the family were the original owners of the painting, and that it remained in their possession from its execution in the late 1790s until 1928.
"], "date": "Until 1928", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Heinemann, Munich, sold to Alessandro Contini-Bonacossi)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 The painting\u2019s Heinemann inventory number was 18609.
"], "date": "1928-1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Alessandro Contini-Bonacossi (1878-1955), Florence, Italy, by descent to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Contini-Bonacossi began collecting and dealing works of art around 1918, after settling in Rome. While he acquired the Goya prior to the war, Contini-Bonacossi did engage in wartime art dealing with Hermann G\u00f6ring. Contini-Bonacossi sold a large number of works to G\u00f6ring through art dealer Andreas Hofer; the OSS Consolidated Interrogation Report No. 2 contains a list of 49 artworks purchased by Hofer on behalf of G\u00f6ring from Contini-Bonacossi (Saint Ambrose was not among them). In 1927 Contini-Bonacossi met Samuel H. Kress in Rome and began to sell him works of art. He continued to do so during Kress's annual trips to Italy which lasted until 1941, when both Italy and the United States ceased to be neutral nations in the war. Contini-Bonacossi resumed his art business dealings with Kress in the late 1940s and 1950. He also sold hundreds of works to the Kress Foundation, most of which were later donated to the National Gallery of Art. Contini-Bonacossi promised to bequeath his entire collection to the Italian state, but ultimately, only 144 works were actually given to the Italian state; they are now part of the Uffizi collection. Saint Ambrose was among those works not bequeathed to Italy; the painting instead remained in his family at least until the late 1950s.
"], "date": "1930-probably 1955", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Family of Contini-Bonacossi, probably consigned to Pinakos, Inc.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Contini-Bonacossi\u2019s heirs likely consigned the painting to Pinakos, Inc. after his death in 1955.
"], "date": "Probably 1955-late 1950s", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Pinakos, Inc./Rudolf J. Heinemann, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1I n the 1940s and 1950s, Pinakos, Inc. was the firm name used by Rudolf Heinemann.
"], "date": "Late 1950s-1969", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This work belongs to a series depicting Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory, key figures of early Catholicism. Saint Ambrose (about AD 340\u2013391), the bishop of Milan, resolved important theological conflicts within the church and worked effectively with advocates of Roman paganism. The low viewpoint and large scale suggest that this painting hung high on the wall of a religious institution, but its original location remains unknown. In the late 1700s, Spain expelled all the Jesuits and sparked a transformation of the church. Many of these reformers turned back to early church history for inspiration, and this painting was probably commissioned by one of these new organizations.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470497"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.23-saint-ambrose"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 1 (January 1970): 1\u201350.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: p. 48, no. 145", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cGoya: St. Ambrose.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 5 (May 1970): 131\u2013140.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 131-140", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152329"}, {"citation": "Gudiol, Jos\u00e9. Goya, 1746-1828. New York: Tudor, 1971.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gassier, Pierre, Juliet Wilson Bareau, and Fran\u00e7ois Lachenal. The Life and Complete Work of Francisco Goya; with a Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of the Paintings, Drawings and Engravings. New York: Reynal, in association with W. Morrow, 1971.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 490; Mentioned: p. 491-492", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morales y Mar\u00edn, Jos\u00e9 Luis. Goya: A Catalogue of His Paintings. Saragossa: Real Academia de Nobles y Bellas Artes de San Luis, 1997.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fundaci\u00f3n Goya en Arag\u00f3n, accessed March 14, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.fundaciongoyaenaragon.es/goya/obra/catalogo/"}, {"citation": "Galerie Heinemann Online, accessed March 16, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://heinemann.gnm.de/en/search.html"}, {"citation": "Wilson-Bareau, Juliet and Leah Rosenblatt Lehmbeck. Goya in the Norton Simon Museum. Pasadena: Norton Simon Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85; Reproduced: p. 86, fig. 49", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.23/1969.23_web.jpg", "width": "527", "height": "893", "filesize": "62361", "filename": "1969.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.23/1969.23_print.jpg", "width": "2006", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1107484", "filename": "1969.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.23/1969.23_full.tif", "width": "4580", "height": "7762", "filesize": "106675504", "filename": "1969.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-12T18:14:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "526", "height": "893", "filesize": "269698"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2001", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4042863"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3532", "height": "6000", "filesize": "63606988"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-25T19:55:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "594", "height": "893", "filesize": "93449"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2262", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1377380"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5172", "height": "7772", "filesize": "120615800"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-26T09:15:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "634", "height": "893", "filesize": "122700"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2414", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1386180"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.23/1969.23_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5736", "height": "8076", "filesize": "139009476"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 144588, "creators": [{"id": 2386, "description": "Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1796\u201399", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:45.916000"}, {"id": 122921, "accession_number": "1943.179.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea Caddy, 1741\u20131742. Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751). Silver gilt; overall: 13.4 x 9.6 x 5.8 cm (5 1/4 x 3 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, 1943.179.a", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Tea Caddy", "creation_date": "1741\u20131742", "creation_date_earliest": 1741, "creation_date_latest": 1742, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 13.4 x 9.6 x 5.8 cm (5 1/4 x 3 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.134, "width": 0.096, "depth": 0.058}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 704978, "title": "Three Centuries of English Silver", "description": "Three Centuries of English Silver. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (September 29-November 12, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-09-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Thomas S. [Emilie Schmidt] Grasselli [1877-1953], Shaker Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1943", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This tea caddy is accompanied by a lid. See cover record.", "description": "In the 1600s and 1700s, silver played a significant role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life. Tea was likewise a highly valued commodity, and as such, silver caddies like this one were designed to display the social distinction of its owner. This canister\u2019s prominently sloping shoulders were designed by Paul Jacques de Lamerie in the early 1730s and became a standard form for tea caddies by the end of the decade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755739"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.179.a-tea-caddy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. 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Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (September 29-November 12, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-09-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Thomas S. [Emilie Schmidt] Grasselli [1877-1953], Shaker Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1943", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the lid to a tea caddy. See cover record.", "description": "In the 1600s and 1700s, silver played a significant role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life. Tea was likewise a highly valued commodity, and as such, silver caddies were designed to display the social distinction of its owner. The prominently sloping shoulders of this lid's accompanying canister were designed by Paul Jacques de Lamerie in the early 1730s and became a standard form for tea caddies by the end of the decade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761447"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.179.b-tea-caddy-lid"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. 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France, Paris (?), 18th century. Forged steel blade; partially gilt and russet steel hilt; steel wire, leather bands, wood core; overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); blade: 86.1 cm (33 7/8 in.); guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from the Bascom Little Estate, 1974.57", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris (?), 18th century"], "technique": "forged steel blade; partially gilt and russet steel hilt; steel wire, leather bands, wood core", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 103.5 cm (40 3/4 in.); Blade: 86.1 cm (33 7/8 in.); Guard: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.035}, "blade": {"length": 0.861}, "guard": {"width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Bascom Little Estate, Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1974", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1974-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1022.16"], "did_you_know": "The fashion among gentleman for wearing small-swords with everyday attire began to wane by the end of the 1700s with the exception of the military dress sword.", "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740055"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.57-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1974.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 62, no. 3 (1975).", "page_number": "p. 98, cat. no. 42", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 172; cat. no. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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"width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2715", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1974.57/1974.57_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5540", "height": "4424", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift from the Bascom Little Estate", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147959, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:25.268000"}, {"id": 151498, "accession_number": "1983.60", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Seated on a Lion, c.1740\u201345. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 18.3 x 30.5 x 12.1 cm (7 3/16 x 12 x 4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1983.60", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure Seated on a Lion", "creation_date": "c.1740\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 18.3 x 30.5 x 12.1 cm (7 3/16 x 12 x 4 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.183, "width": 0.305, "depth": 0.121}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309656, "title": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts", "description": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts. 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The practice of housing them in a centralized complex was popularized by French King Louis XIV\u2019s menagerie at Versailles. This lion, along with other animal figurines produced at the factory, may have been modeled after living examples housed in the menagerie established by Louis Henri, duke of Bourbon, prince of Cond\u00e9, and founder of the Chantilly porcelain factory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60739971"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.60-figure-seated-on-a-l"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre. La porcelaine franc\u0327aise de 1673 a\u0300 1914. Paris, 1929.", "page_number": "p. 29, no. 328", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cRecent Ceramic Acquisitions by Major Museums: Supplement.\u201d The Burlington Magazine 127, no. 986 (May 1985).", "page_number": "p. 344, fig. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevie\u0300ve. Porcelaine tendre de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle: he\u0301ritages des manufactures de Rouen, Saint-Cloud et Paris et influences sur les autres manufactures de XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Hazan, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.60", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.60/1983.60_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "525962", "filename": "1983.60_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.60/1983.60_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4312383", "filename": "1983.60_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.60/1983.60_full.tif", "width": "4712", "height": "3770", "filesize": "53324312", "filename": "1983.60_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-15T12:49:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.60/1983.60_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "539839"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.60/1983.60_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4438047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.60/1983.60_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4424", "height": "3539", "filesize": "47001484"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151498, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1740\u201345", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:15.915000"}, {"id": 162680, "accession_number": "2003.249", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Demosthenes, c. 1800. Enoch Wood (British, 1759\u20131840). Lead glazed earthenware; overall: 47.5 x 39.2 x 18.6 cm (18 11/16 x 15 7/16 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Nicholas J. Velloney, 2003.249", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Demosthenes", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, Staffordshire, Burslem"], "technique": "lead glazed earthenware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 47.5 x 39.2 x 18.6 cm (18 11/16 x 15 7/16 x 7 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.475, "width": 0.392, "depth": 0.186}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nicholas J. Velloney [1941-2003], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2003", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2003-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In Victorian times, this figure was thought to depict St. Paul preaching in Athens, but it actually portrays the Greek orator Demosthenes delivering one of his philosophical lectures.", "description": "Ceramic figures often depicted literary or mythological characters as a means of representing knowledge and intellectual refinement. As a result, they became an integral part of the decoration of most middle-class or wealthy houses in the 1700s and early 1800s. This figure depicts the Athenian orator Demosthenes (384\u2013322 BC) delivering one of his philosophical lectures. The adjacent plinth reinforces his identity with a small image of a man lecturing the sea, something Demosthenes was known to do, while Hermes, the Greek god of eloquence, hovers above.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757543"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.249-figure-of-demosthene"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Halfpenny, P. A. English Earthenware Figures, 1740-1840. Woodbridge, Suffolk [England]: Antique Collectors' Club, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 161.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/24740883"}, {"citation": "Poole, Julia. English Pottery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "pp. 84-5", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/30734557"}, {"citation": "Victoria and Albert Museum, and English Ceramic Circle. Fire and Form: The Baroque and Its Influence on English Ceramics C. 1660-C. 1760. 2013.", "page_number": "pp. 181-2", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/857143889"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.249", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.249/2003.249_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "325154", "filename": "2003.249_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.249/2003.249_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3981779", "filename": "2003.249_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.249/2003.249_full.tif", "width": "3378", "height": "4058", "filesize": "41150924", "filename": "2003.249_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.249/2003.249_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "301895"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.249/2003.249_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2673", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3771353"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.249/2003.249_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3002", "height": "3818", "filesize": "34410128"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.249/2003.249_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "397043"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.249/2003.249_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2266", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4347013"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.249/2003.249_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3333", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50025768"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Nicholas J. Velloney", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162680, "creators": [{"id": 360797, "description": "Enoch Wood (British, 1759\u20131840)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Enoch Wood (1759\u20131840) was an English potter and businessman, from one of the major families in Staffordshire pottery. Starting as a modeler, he established a successful business in Burslem in the Staffordshire Potteries, from 1790-1818 trading as Wood and Caldwell. In the 18th century they produced many Staffordshire figures, which Wood modeled himself, and other types of earthenware and stoneware. After 1818 his company, now Enoch Wood & Sons, produced large quantities of blue and white transfer-printed tableware in earthenware, much of which was exported to America.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1759", "death_year": "1840", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:51.392000"}, {"id": 137224, "accession_number": "1962.169", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Piazza San Marco, Venice, c. 1740. Attributed to Bernardo Bellotto (Italian, 1721\u20131780). Oil on canvas; framed: 164.5 x 264 x 12 cm (64 3/4 x 103 15/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 136.2 x 232.5 cm (53 5/8 x 91 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1962.169", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Piazza San Marco, Venice", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 164.5 x 264 x 12 cm (64 3/4 x 103 15/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 136.2 x 232.5 cm (53 5/8 x 91 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.645, "width": 2.64, "depth": 0.12}, "unframed": {"height": 1.362, "width": 2.325}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "Year in Review - 1962. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445664, "title": "Painting in Italy in the Eighteenth Century, Rococo to Romanticism", "description": "Painting in Italy in the Eighteenth Century, Rococo to Romanticism. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (September 19-November 8, 1970); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (December 2, 1970-January 9, 1971); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (February 7-March 21, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 283529, "title": "Bellotto and Canaletto. The Wonder of Light", "description": "Bellotto and Canaletto. The Wonder of Light. Gallerie d'Italia - Piazza Scala, Milan, Italy (organizer) (November 25, 2016-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Catalogue of Pictures, Chiefly by the Old Masters of the Italian, Flemish and Spanish Schools, Birmingham (England), Society of Arts, 1833, cat. no. 112.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Art Treasures of the United Kingdom, Manchester, 1857, cat. no. 827.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "British Institution, London, 1863, cat. no. 63.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Painting in Italy in the Eighteenth Century: Rococo to Romanticism, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Toledo, 1970-71, cat. no. 16, illus.", "opening_date": "1970-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallerie d'Italia - Piazza Scala, Milan, Italy (11/25/2016 - 3/5/2017): \"Bellotto and Canaletto. The Wonder of Light\" catalogue number 15, p. 82-83", "opening_date": "2016-11-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "William, 2nd Earl of Craven [1809-1866], Combe Abbey, Warwickshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1833", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "George Grimstone Craven, 3rd Earl of Craven [1841-1883], Combe Abbey, Warwickshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1866-1883", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "William George Robert, 4th Earl of Craven [1868-1921], Combe Abbey, Warwickshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1883-1921", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cornelia (nee Martin), Countess of Craven [1877-1961], Hamstead Marshall, Berkshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921-1961", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(sale: Sotheby\u2019s, London, November 29, 1961, no. 42 [as by Canaletto]; purchased by Faroni);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This view of the Piazza San Marco, Venice shows Bellotto's devotion to faithful observation. At the left is the church of St. Mark with the Doge's Palace just beyond, leading to the lagoon. Vertically dividing the canvas is the campanile (bell tower) with the Procuratie Nuove (a government building) extending to the right. At the extreme right, opposite St. Mark's, is the fa\u00e7ade of the church of San Geminiano which was removed in the 19th century by Napoleon. The two wings of the Procuratie were then joined across the west end of the piazza. Bernardo Bellotto was the nephew and student of Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal, 1697\u20131768) who ran one of the most productive painting workshops in Italy. Like his uncle, Bellotto specialized in vedute (views) of Italy, especially Venice, which were purchased avidly by British aristocrats traveling on the Grand Tour. Bellotto later worked for the courts of Dresden, Vienna, Warsaw, and Munich, painting topographical and imaginary views of those cities.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466126"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.169-piazza-san-marco-ven"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellotti, Pietro, Canaletto, and Boz\u0307ena Anna Kowalczyk. Bellotto and Canaletto: Wonder and Light. 2016. \ncatalogue number 15", "page_number": "82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d July 20, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0981"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d July 25, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0984"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cCanaletto: Piazza San Marco, Venice.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 49, no. 8 (October 1962): 186\u2013190.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-190, figs. 1, 3-4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151910"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n167"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 316-318; Reproduced: p. 317", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 23; reproduced: P. 25, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kowalczyk, Boz\u0307ena Anna Bellotto and Canaletto: Wonder and Light. Exh. cat. Milan: Gallerie d'Italia. Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 75, 82-83. no. 15; 273", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.169", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.169/1962.169_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "721", "filesize": "617174", "filename": "1962.169_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.169/1962.169_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1941", "filesize": "4733157", "filename": "1962.169_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.169/1962.169_full.tif", "width": "7000", "height": "3996", "filesize": "83946684", "filename": "1962.169_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 137224, "creators": [{"id": 2029, "description": "Bernardo Bellotto (Italian, 1721\u20131780)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1721", "death_year": "1780", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-06-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["View of the Piazza San Marco and the Piazzetta Looking toward San Giorgio Maggiore"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:21.297000"}, {"id": 132644, "accession_number": "1955.164", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Procession of Triumphal Cars in the Piazza San Marco, Venice, Celebrating the Visit of the Conti del Nord (recto); Three Sketches of Arches (verso), 1782. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Pen and brown ink with brush and brown wash; sheet: 25.9 x 36.8 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.164", "current_location": null, "title": "A Procession of Triumphal Cars in the Piazza San Marco, Venice, Celebrating the Visit of the Conti del Nord (recto); Three Sketches of Arches (verso)", "creation_date": "1782", "creation_date_earliest": 1782, "creation_date_latest": 1782, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink with brush and brown wash", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.9 x 36.8 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.259, "width": 0.368}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304542, "title": "Promenades, Pageants, Processions, and Pilgrimages", "description": "Promenades, Pageants, Processions, and Pilgrimages. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 25, 1981-January 3, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-08-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Eighteenth Century Venice. Whitechapel Art Gallery (January 3 - March 14 1951); Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery (March 21 - April 18 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-03-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry Oppenheimer, London; [his sale, Christie's, London, 10 July 1936, no. 93]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Brinsley Ford, London; [his sale, Sotheby's, London, 10 November 1954, no. 39]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Before entering the museum's collection, this sheet may have been cut on the left, possibly to eliminate a sixth carriage that does not appear in Guardi\u2019s other representations of the procession.", "description": "This drawing records a grand procession through Venice's Piazza San Marco on the penultimate day of the 1782 celebrations for the visit of the Russian Grand Duke Paul (Pavel) Petrovitch and his wife Maria Feodorovna. Francesco Guardi was likely commissioned by the Venetian state to document the ducal visit. Drawing from the vantage point of the Procuratie Nuove (a palace on one side of the piazza), Guardi sketched five carriages festooned with allegories, which were meant to celebrate the governments of Catherine the Great and Venice. In order to include as much of the procession as possible, he manipulated the perspective of the buildings on the right side of the square.The loose handling and lively immediacy of the pen work suggests he executed it on the spot. One drawing (Museen Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) and two oil paintings (private collections, Venice and Milan) of the same scene survive. Cleveland\u2019s sheet likely preceded these more detailed and polished compositions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80024733"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.164-a-procession-of-triu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Four Drawings by Francesco Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 1 (January 1958): 8-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142256"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n166"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, 70-71, 286; Reproduced: P. 71, cat. no. 25", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.164", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164/1955.164_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "313", "filesize": "172106", "filename": "1955.164_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164/1955.164_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1184", "filesize": "1290382", "filename": "1955.164_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164/1955.164_full.tif", "width": "12830", "height": "4468", "filesize": "171997404", "filename": "1955.164_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-04T18:05:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.164/1955.164_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "640", "filesize": "198897"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.164/1955.164_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2416", "filesize": "2176136"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.164/1955.164_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6288", "height": "4468", "filesize": "84310788"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132644, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-03-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1782, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1782", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Procession of Triumphal Cars in Piazza S. 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"width": "3293", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1286930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229/1966.229_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4122", "height": "4256", "filesize": "52655904"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142459, "creators": [{"id": 12213, "description": "Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "probably by", "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "established 1747", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:38.031000"}, {"id": 311962, "accession_number": "2019.82", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ancestor Group Portrait, 1796\u20131820. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Jiaqing period (1796-1820). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; overall: 278.2 x 112.2 cm (109 1/2 x 44 3/16 in.); painting only: 157.2 x 90.2 cm (61 7/8 x 35 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Joyce G. Ames in honor of her husband B. Charles Ames, 2019.82", "current_location": null, "title": "Ancestor Group Portrait", "creation_date": "1796\u20131820", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Jiaqing period (1796-1820)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 278.2 x 112.2 cm (109 1/2 x 44 3/16 in.); Painting only: 157.2 x 90.2 cm (61 7/8 x 35 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 1.572, "width": 0.902}, "with frame": {"height": 1.74, "width": 1.077, "depth": 0.023}, "overall": {"height": 2.782, "width": 1.122}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 336424, "title": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 12, 2019-February 2, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christian Lemanissier, Terres D'Ailleurs, Paris, France, sold to B. Charles Ames and Joyce G. Ames)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 2001", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "B. Charles (Chuck) Ames and Joyce (Jay) Grace Ames, Hunting Valley, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 2001\u20132019", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2019\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Court officials' wives could wear the same rank badge as their spouses.", "description": "From top to bottom this scroll features various generations of ancestors with men on the right and women on the left, 30 figures altogether. Inscribed tablets give their rank and relation within the family. Square badges on their robes indicate each figure's rank as an official. Scrolls of this type were displayed for worship at home during the New Year celebrations.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877658"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.82-ancestor-group-portr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von, and Yi-Hsia, Hsiao. \u201cFacing the Ancestors.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 5 (September/October 2019): 14\u201315.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: pp. 14\u201315", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-05/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von, and Yi-Hsia Hsiao. \"Facing the Ancestors.\" The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries 23, no. 2 (Winter 2019): 10.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned p. 10", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.82", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.82/2019.82_web.jpg", "width": "528", "height": "900", "filesize": "296220", "filename": "2019.82_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.82/2019.82_print.jpg", "width": "1996", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2518406", "filename": "2019.82_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.82/2019.82_full.tif", "width": "8074", "height": "13754", "filesize": "333177560", "filename": "2019.82_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-04-20T14:43:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "900", "filesize": "306019"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2109", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2773735"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4922", "height": "7934", "filesize": "117184468"}}, {"date_created": "2020-07-13T12:00:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "410", "height": "900", "filesize": "191663"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1547", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1267007"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6336", "height": "13924", "filesize": "264692732"}}, {"date_created": "2020-07-13T13:09:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "713", "filesize": "343155"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2693", "filesize": "3220858"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt2_full.tif", "width": "13448", "height": "10652", "filesize": "429772980"}}, {"date_created": "2020-07-13T13:10:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "712", "filesize": "383270"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2691", "filesize": "3477651"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13459", "height": "10652", "filesize": "430125772"}}, {"date_created": "2020-07-13T13:18:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "715", "filesize": "357162"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2702", "filesize": "3294306"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.82/2019.82_alt4_full.tif", "width": "13402", "height": "10652", "filesize": "428303388"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Joyce G. Ames in honor of her husband B. Charles Ames", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 311962, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-06-03T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1796\u20131820", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:58.777000"}, {"id": 123963, "accession_number": "1944.472", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mantel, c. 1730. After Inigo Jones (English, 1573\u20131652), probably by William Kent (British, 1685\u20131748). Marble; overall: 153.7 x 204.4 cm (60 1/2 x 80 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Fund, 1944.472", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Mantel", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 153.7 x 204.4 cm (60 1/2 x 80 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.537, "width": 2.044}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hamilton Palace, Scotland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Francis F. Prentiss [1865\u20131944], Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Here the presence of the Roman god of trade and abundance (Mercury) within the decorative scheme of this mantel alludes to prosperity and bounty.", "description": "The cornucopias and scroll-shaped brackets capped by the bust of the youthful Roman god, Mercury, were inspired by the work of Inigo Jones, one of the first British architects of great renown. The mantel was originally installed in Wanstead House, formerly located on the outskirts of London. Working opposite the architect, Colen Campbell (1676\u20131729), William Kent completed the interior decoration of the estate and likely produced this mantel as well. When Wanstead House was pulled down in 1822, the Duke of Hamilton purchased the chimney piece and three others from Wanstead House to display in his own home near Glasgow, Scotland.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745718"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.472-mantel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "No existing citations", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.472", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.472/1944.472_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "718", "filesize": "141331", "filename": "1944.472_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.472/1944.472_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2714", "filesize": "1159848", "filename": "1944.472_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.472/1944.472_full.tif", "width": "7516", "height": "6000", "filesize": "135319732", "filename": "1944.472_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-07-07T13:23:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "864", "filesize": "151501"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3263", "filesize": "1225574"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5851", "height": "5616", "filesize": "98610052"}}, {"date_created": "2014-07-07T13:38:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "135796"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1044740"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144031252"}}, {"date_created": "2014-07-07T13:52:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "900", "filesize": "127657"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2192", "height": "3400", "filesize": "961691"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.472/1944.472_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5048", "height": "7830", "filesize": "118608540"}}], "creditline": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 123963, "creators": [{"id": 381029, "description": "Inigo Jones (English, 1573\u20131652)", "extent": "design by", "qualifier": "after", "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1573", "death_year": "1652", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}, {"id": 8627, "description": "William Kent (British, 1685\u20131748)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "probably by", "role": "architect", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1685", "death_year": "1748", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 14:34:36.678000"}, {"id": 144662, "accession_number": "1969.286", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hookah Base, early 1700s. India, Mughal Dynasty (1526-1756). Glass with colored enamel and gilding; overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.286", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Hookah Base", "creation_date": "early 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mughal Dynasty (1526-1756)"], "technique": "Glass with colored enamel and gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 17.8 cm (7 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.178}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Translation of inscription: \r\n\r\n\"In the name of God, the element, the merciful,\r\nIs the key to the wise treasure\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. R. Henry [Emery May Holden] Norweb [1895\u20131984], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Turquoise five-petaled flowers hang from lime green pedicels.", "description": "Smoking tobacco was introduced to the Mughal court from Iran in the very early 1600s and soon became popular. This base formed part of a hookah, or water pipe, which consisted of a base that held water\u2014sometimes perfumed with herbs or fresh fruit\u2014a detachable bowl to hold tobacco, and a long tube. Early hookahs used existing vessels for bases, including coconut shells. By the late 1600s or early 1700s, richly decorated pieces like this were produced. The jewel-like decoration of blue and green blossoms evokes a garden in which a smoker might have sat.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922131"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.286-hookah-base"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cS\u014dsetsu and Flowers.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 8 (November 1970): 263\u2013271.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 178\u2013179", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152343"}, {"citation": "Desjardins, Tara. Mughal Glass: A History of Glassmaking in India. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 127, no. 47", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.286", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.286/1969.286_web.jpg", "width": "983", "height": "893", "filesize": "97612", "filename": "1969.286_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.286/1969.286_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3090", "filesize": "864844", "filename": "1969.286_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.286/1969.286_full.tif", "width": "4863", "height": "4420", "filesize": "64516108", "filename": "1969.286_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-06-22T13:29:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.286/1969.286_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "956", "height": "893", "filesize": "90448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.286/1969.286_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3177", "filesize": "847558"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.286/1969.286_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5006", "height": "4678", "filesize": "70286748"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144662, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Hookah bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:21.422000"}, {"id": 168422, "accession_number": "2010.201", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Container, 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Northern Nguni-style maker. Wood, glass beads, shell, and cotton; overall: 20.3 cm (8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.201", "current_location": "108B Southern African", "title": "Snuff Container", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Northern Nguni-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, glass beads, shell, and cotton", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Vessels", "measurements": "Overall: 20.3 cm (8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.203}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 21", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christie's Paris, France, June 20, 2006, lot 227)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2006", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal Art Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A man likely made the wooden container while a woman likely made the beaded attachment.", "description": "Combining beauty and functionality, this finely carved wooden snuff container is adorned with twisted strands of colorful glass beads. Once an object of status, it signaled the wealth and taste of its owner. Its general shape and the parallel ridges appear to be the skillful imitation of a fruit. Throughout southern Africa and elsewhere on the continent, smoking tobacco and taking snuff are enjoyed as activities that enhance positive social relationships. Both men and women wore these personal and portable objects attached to cloaks, carried in bags, or adorning the neck, arm, or waist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779398"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.201-snuff-container"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pemberton, John, III. African Beaded Art: Power and Adornment, exh. cat. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College Museum of Art, 2008, cat. 93", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constatine. \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa. \" Tribal Art. (Summer 2011). Pg. 66, Fig. 1.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.201", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.201/2010.201_web.jpg", "width": "522", "height": "893", "filesize": "140409", "filename": "2010.201_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.201/2010.201_print.jpg", "width": "1987", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2970528", "filename": "2010.201_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.201/2010.201_full.tif", "width": "3803", "height": "6506", "filesize": "74251504", "filename": "2010.201_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168422, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:36.153000"}, {"id": 168424, "accession_number": "2010.203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Club (Knobkerrie), 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern Africa, Kingdom of Eswatini, Swazi-style maker. Wood; overall: 66 cm (26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.203", "current_location": "108B Southern African", "title": "Club (Knobkerrie)", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, Kingdom of Eswatini, Swazi-style maker"], "technique": "Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 66 cm (26 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.66}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 46", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Drs. Noble and Jean Endicott, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal Art Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The term knobkerrie refers to a characteristic spherical knob of wood or head atop a cylindrical shaft.", "description": "Relatively short sticks historically used for hunting and fighting are customarily called knobkerries. A combination of Afrikaans and Shona words, the name refers to the characteristic spherical knob of wood (knop) or head atop a cylindrical shaft (kirri). The knobs on these were carved into a tight whorl and a compressed sphere with a central rib. Even though their basic shapes were derived from real weapons, many of these precious objects were rarely if ever used as such. Highly personal, they instead functioned as ceremonial display items or regalia, symbolizing the masculinity and prowess of their owner.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754996"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.203-club-knobkerrie"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ginzberg, Marc, and Lynton Gardiner. 2000. African Forms. 1st ed. Milano, Italy, New York: Skira ; Distributed in North America and Latin America by Abbeville Pub. Group, p. 200.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn, Karel Nel, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 2011. The Art of Daily Life : Portable Objects from Southeast Africa. Cleveland, Milan, New York: Cleveland Museum of Art ; 5 Continents Editions ; Distributed in U.S. by Harry N. Abrams, p. 69, fig. 7.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.203/2010.203_web.jpg", "width": "557", "height": "893", "filesize": "122378", "filename": "2010.203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.203/2010.203_print.jpg", "width": "2120", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2916465", "filename": "2010.203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.203/2010.203_full.tif", "width": "4121", "height": "6608", "filesize": "81718976", "filename": "2010.203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168424, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:54.227000"}, {"id": 314236, "accession_number": "2018.104", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna celebrates Holi, c. 1770. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, gold, and silver on paper; page: 21 x 29.4 cm (8 1/4 x 11 9/16 in.); image: 15.5 x 23.8 cm (6 1/8 x 9 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.104", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Krishna celebrates Holi", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera, gold, and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 21 x 29.4 cm (8 1/4 x 11 9/16 in.); Image: 15.5 x 23.8 cm (6 1/8 x 9 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.21, "width": 0.294}, "image": {"height": 0.155, "width": 0.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painter has sprinkled color on the background to suggest colors thrown in the air.", "description": "During the festival of Holi, Hindus celebrate the coming of spring by playfully throwing and shooting colored water and powders at one another. Among all the cowherd boys with whom he grew up, Krishna, a Hindu god incarnated on earth, is the only one able to reach the heart of a gopi, or milkmaid, with a well-aimed plunger full of colors. Raucous with sound as well as color, some of the boys play the drum, flute, and horns; girls strum a vina (stringed instrument), play a flute, and blow a whistle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483057"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.104-krishna-celebrates-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. 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Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 20.8 x 29.8 cm (8 3/16 x 11 3/4 in.); image: 17.6 x 26.9 cm (6 15/16 x 10 9/16 in.). 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Number 5451 written with pencil", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. 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A dedicated devotee can divert the god\u2019s attention, even from his beautiful wife and a cup of wine.
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A figure of this size and type likely would have served as an important devotional focal point within that context.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877634"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.75-figure-of-the-pieta"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mathew Martin, \u201cThe Chelsea Piet\u00e0,\u201d in Fire and Form: The Baroque and Influence on English Ceramics, c. 1600-c. 1760 (London: English Ceramic Circle, 2013)", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 82-3", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/857143889"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen. \u201cAcquisitions 2019: Decorative Art and Design.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 60, no. 2 (March/April 2020): 27.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 27.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.75", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": 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Museum of Fine Arts Boston (January 22\u2013May 17, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-05-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Horace Wood Brock, Gloucester, MA, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["33.2017"], "did_you_know": "A set of vases and clock, connected visually by the use of the same materials, often adorned a mantlepiece or the top of a large piece of furniture, such as a commode or console, within a room.", "description": "The fascination with Chinese porcelain among aristocratic circles increased during the reign of Louis XV. In reaction to the perceived excesses of elaborate naturalistic ornament of the 1750s, mount makers increasingly turned to neoclassical designs, known as Go\u00fbt Grec (Greek taste) in the 1760s and 1770s. These beautifully chased gilt-bronze mounts feature classical Greco-Roman motifs such as lion masks, acanthus and laurel leaves, and pilasters.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117231091"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.421-garniture-set-one-cl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Clifford Ackley, et al. Splendor and Elegance: European Decorative Art and Drawings from the Horace Wood Brock Collection. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/297567397"}, {"citation": "Clifford Ackley, et al. Splendor and Elegance: European Decorative Art and Drawings from the Horace Wood Brock Collection. 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"accession_number": "1983.89", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jacques Dumont, called Le Romain, c. 1742. Maurice Quentin de La Tour (French, 1704\u20131788). Black and white chalk with pastel; sheet: 30.8 x 20.8 cm (12 1/8 x 8 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1983.89", "current_location": null, "title": "Jacques Dumont, called Le Romain", "creation_date": "c. 1742", "creation_date_earliest": 1737, "creation_date_latest": 1747, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "black and white chalk with pastel", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper (partially faded to brown-green)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.8 x 20.8 cm (12 1/8 x 8 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.308, "width": 0.208}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exposition de l'art fran\u00e7ais au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Charlottenborg Palace, Copenhagen (1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Camille Marcille [1815-1875], Gasville-Ois\u00e8me", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1875", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Tableaux et dessins formant la collection de feu M. Camille Marcille, March 6-7, 1876, no. 152)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Portrait de Dumont le Romain. Il est vu de trois quarts, regardant \u00e0 droite, et coiff\u00e9 d'un fichu nou\u00e9 au haut du front. Dessin sur papier bleu au crayon noire rehauss\u00e9 de blanc. H., om, 30. L., om, 20.\"
Purchased from Drouot sale for 300 F by this seller, according to annotated copy of sale catalogue at Frick Library, New York.
"], "date": "1876-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Edmond and Jules de Goncourt [1822-1896 and 1830-1870; Lugt 1089], Draveil and Neuilly-Auteuil-Passy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1897", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Goncourt sale, February 15-17, 1897, no. 157)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Il est vu de trois quarts, tourn\u00e9 \u00e0 droite, un mazulipatan nou\u00e9 sur la t\u00eate. Pr\u00e9paration sur papier bleu, aux trois crayons.\"
Purchased for \u00a312,320, according to Launay 1991.
"], "date": "1982-1983", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "(David Carritt, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 16}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing resembles two pastel portraits that Maurice Quentin de La Tour made of Jacques Dumont during the 1740s, but one work shows the sitter about to paint, while the other shows him playing a guitar.", "description": "Maurice Quentin de La Tour specialized in portraiture, and was praised by his contemporaries for creating uncanny likenesses of his sitters. He often created these works using pastel, a rich and powdery drawing material. He took up the technique for this quickly drawn sketch, created directly in front of his friend, the painter Jacques Dumont. La Tour used the drawing as a guide for Dumont's face in two different large-scale portraits in pastel, one of which is in the Louvre in Paris. During the 1800s this sheet was owned by Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, the brothers who, as writers and intellectuals, championed the art of 18th-century France and helped to revive interest in La Tour and other artists from that period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79935214"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.89-jacques-dumont-calle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de. \"La Tour (2e et dernier article).\"Gazette des Beaux-Arts 22, no. 3 (April 1867): 350-371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 359", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burty, Philippe. Eaux-Fortes de Jules de Goncourt. Paris: Librairie de l'art, 1876.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, under no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de. L'Art du dix-huiti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Paris: A. Quantin, 1880.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 285", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond de. La Maison d'un artiste. Paris: G. Charpentier, 1881.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de. L'Art du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Paris: Biblioth\u00e8que Charpentier, 1902.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 408-409", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bautier, Pierre. \"Le Carnet d'un curieux: Trois portraits de Jacques-Jean Dumont, dit le Romain, peintre et graveur, par Maurice Quentin De La Tour.\" La Renaissance de l'art fran\u00e7ais et des industriels de luxe 4, no. 7 (July 1921): 7-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 7-8; Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Besnard, Albert. La Tour: La vie et l'oeuvre de l'artiste. Paris: Les Beaux-Arts, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 140, no. 119; Reproduced: plate CXI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bouchot-Saupique, Jacqueline. Mus\u00e9e national du Louvre, catalogue des pastels. Paris: Mus\u00e9es nationaux, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, under no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roustan, M. Mario. Exposition de l'art fran\u00e7ais au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Exh. Cat. Copenhagen: Palais de Charlottenborg, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pastels fran\u00e7ais des collections nationales et du Mus\u00e9e La Tour de Saint-Quentin. Exh. Cat. Paris: Orangerie des Tuileries, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, under no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bury, Adrian. Maurice-Quentin de La Tour: The Greatest Pastel Portraitist. London: Charles Skilton, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under plate 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monnier, Genevi\u00e8ve. Inventaire des collections publiques fran\u00e7aises, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Cabinet des dessins, Pastels XVII\u00e8me et XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cles. Paris: \u00c9ditions des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"A Study for a Pastel Portrait of Jacques Dumont Le Romain by Maurice Quentin de La Tour.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art (December 1984): 341-347.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 341-347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Launay, \u00c9lisabeth. Les fr\u00e8res Goncourt, collectionneurs de dessins. Paris: Arthena, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 66, 86, 350-351, no. 173; Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wintermute, Alan. The French Portrait, 1550-1850. Exh. Cat. New York: Colnaghi, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 95, under plate 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 106-107, p. 288, no. 39; Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. Le dessin franc\u0327ais au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Louvre \u00e9ditions: Somogy, 2017. p. 228", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228, no. 388", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Pastels in the Muse\u0301e du Louvre: 17th and 18th Centuries. Paris: Hazan; Louvre editions, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 169; reproduced: p. 170, fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier, and Maurice Quentin de La Tour. Maurice Quentin de La Tour : L\u2019\u0153il Absolu. Paris: Cohen&Cohen, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 191 & 327. fig. 143 & 368", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Besnard 119", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.89", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.89/1983.89_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "900", "filesize": "210683", "filename": "1983.89_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.89/1983.89_print.jpg", "width": "2315", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3060296", "filename": "1983.89_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.89/1983.89_full.tif", "width": "5446", "height": "8000", "filesize": "130734848", "filename": "1983.89_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151544, "creators": [{"id": 12148, "description": "Maurice Quentin de La Tour (French, 1704\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1704", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-06-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1737, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1742", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:28.520000"}, {"id": 150501, "accession_number": "1981.58", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Departure of Jacob, c. 1755. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Pen and brown-black ink, brown ink wash, and red chalk wash, with black chalk on cream laid paper; sheet: 34.8 x 23.1 cm (13 11/16 x 9 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1981.58", "current_location": null, "title": "The Departure of Jacob", "creation_date": "c. 1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Pen and brown-black ink, brown ink wash, and red chalk wash, with black chalk on cream laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 34.8 x 23.1 cm (13 11/16 x 9 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.348, "width": 0.231}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "ON THREE SEPERATELY APPLIED PIECES OF PAPER (now removed and in departmental file), inscribed in black ink: T[illegible] / Dessin \u00e0 la[illegible] / Boucher - [illegible] / chez Paulme [illegible] 19[illegible] / [illegible] ; printed in black ink: THOS [S superscript] AGNEW & SONS LTD [TD superscript] / N\u00ba 44133 / LONDON, / 43 OLD BOND STREET / PICCADILLY, W1X 4BA ; printed in black ink: Place de la Borde, N\u00ba 2, pr\u00e8s St [t superscript]-Augustin / ALEXANDRE / JOUANEST / DOREUR / Fabricant de bordures dor\u00e9es / pour tableaux, estampes, / glaces, gouaches et des- / sins, et se charge de / l'encadrement. / A PARIS.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "The Year in Review for 1981. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Master Drawings. Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd., London (November 15 - December 22, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-11-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(possibly sold, Drouot, Paris, May 3-5, 1858, no. 48, no. 630)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Le P\u00e2tre, sa Famille et son Troupeau au repos, beau dessin \u00e0 l'encre de Chine lav\u00e9 au bistre.\"
"], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew & Sons Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Inventory no. 44133 on label.
"], "date": "by 1977-1981", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gesture between the couple in this drawing -- in which the man offers the woman a pear -- is seen in several other works by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.", "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher was known for romantic, idealized pastoral scenes and produced relatively few religious works. This drawing, however, is believed to relate to the Old Testament story in which Jacob travels to Canaan with his family. Boucher used a limited palette of brown, red, and black to create dramatic shadows and highlights. The family is seen basking in the dappled sunlight that illuminates the mother and her baby as they rest beneath a palm tree. The sheet may have served as a preparatory study for a similar painting by Boucher that is lost today and known only through a reproductive engraving by the printmaker Elisabeth Cousinet-Lempereur.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79933045"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.58-the-departure-of-jac"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Lausanne: La Biblioth\u00e8que des Arts, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. I, pp. 171-172, under no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Master Drawings. London: Thos. Agnew & Sons Ltd., 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1981.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art (February 1982): 41-80.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 41, 80; Reproduced: p. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldfarb, Hilliard T. \"Boucher's Pastoral Scene with Family at Rest and the Image of the Pastoral in Eighteenth-Century France.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art (March 1984): 82-89.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduce: pp. 82-89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laing, Alastair. \"Boucher et la pastorale peinte.\" Revue de l'art 73 (1986): 55-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61 n. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dessins fran\u00e7ais des XVIIIe et XIXe si\u00e8cles du Mus\u00e9e de Picardie. Exh. Cat. Amiens: Mus\u00e9e de Picardie, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50, under no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, pp. 102-103, 288, no. 37; Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.58", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.58/1981.58_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "140365", "filename": "1981.58_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.58/1981.58_print.jpg", "width": "2304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1902123", "filename": "1981.58_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.58/1981.58_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "7377", "filesize": "110677056", "filename": "1981.58_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150501, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pastoral Scene with Family at Rest"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:08.365000"}, {"id": 145964, "accession_number": "1971.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of An Qi (\u9e93\u6751\u9ad8\u9038\u5716), 1715. Wang Hui (Chinese, 1632\u20131717), Tu Luo (Chinese, active c. 1715), Yang Jin (Chinese, 1644\u20131728). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; image: 122 x 53.6 cm (48 1/16 x 21 1/8 in.); overall: 259.7 x 80.1 cm (102 1/4 x 31 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.17", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of An Qi", "title_in_original_language": "\u9e93\u6751\u9ad8\u9038\u5716", "creation_date": "1715", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1715, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 122 x 53.6 cm (48 1/16 x 21 1/8 in.); Overall: 259.7 x 80.1 cm (102 1/4 x 31 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.22, "width": 0.536}, "overall": {"height": 2.597, "width": 0.801}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.597, "width": 0.893}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[\u5370]\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5343\u5e74.\n\u9e93\u6751\u9ad8\u9038\uff1a\u5eb7\u7155\u4e59\u672a\u5b63\u6625\uff0c\u5ee3\u9675\u6d82\u6d1b\u5beb\u7167\uff0c\u6d77\u865e\u694a\u6649\u5e03\u666f\uff0c\u516b\u5341\u56db\u53df\u738b\u7fec\u88dc\u7af9\u77f3\u3002[\u5370]\u8015\u7159; \u738b\u7fec\u4e4b\u5370.", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 3 seals by Wang Hui \u738b\u7fec: \n\n[seal] Shang xia qian nian. \nThe lofty and free Lucun: In the spring season of yiwei of the Kangxi reign, Tu Luo of Guangling rendered the portrait, Yang Jin of Haiyu provided the scenic background, and I, Wang Hui at eighty-four years of age, added the bamboo and rocks.\n[seals] Gengyan; Wang Hui zhi yin.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "\u4fef\u8996\u5875\u5bf0\u9038\u97fb\u9ad8\uff0c\u895f\u61f7\u6f5a\u7051\u8208\u504f\u8c6a\u3002/\n\u7434\u66f8\u5ea7\u53f3\u89aa\u98a8\u96c5\uff0c\u7af9\u77f3\u6c60\u908a\u62ed\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3002/\n\u8549\u8449\u4e82\u96f2\u906e\u5317\u7900\uff0c\u9db4\u7fce\u51dd\u96ea\u6200\u6771\u768b\u3002/\n\u7fe9\u7fe9\u5ea6\u91cf\u5982\u541b\u5c11\uff0c\u975c\u5c0d\u79cb\u6c5f\u842c\u659b\u6fe4\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon at the top right and 3 seals of Song Dengye \u5b8b\u5b9a\u696d (c. 17th\u201318th c.):\n\nLooking down on the dusty world, your free spirit is indeed aloof./ \nYour bosom is free, and your spirit is heroic./ \nTo your right are a qin and books, so refined are you./ \nTo the right of the bamboo is the pond near which the crane is cleaning its feathers./ \nThe banana leaves and the turbulent clouds conceal the northern torrents./ \nThe crane, with his snowy white feathers, lingers at the eastern slope./ \nThere are so few like you, with so generous a temperament./ \nQuietly you face the autumn river\u2019s myriad loads of waves.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "\u77e5\u541b\u9817\u597d\u9053\uff0c\u4f5c\u610f\u6d17\u7dd0\u7e1f\u3002/\n\u9042\u7aae\u6797\u4ead\u52dd\uff0c\u7fdb\u7136\u5951\u5e7d\u7368\u3002/\n\u81ea\u5f97\u6703\u5fd8\u8a00\uff0c\u9918\u5584\u6642\u5f80\u5fa9\u3002/\n\u5cb8\u5e58\u82e5\u6709\u671f\uff0c\u628a\u5377\u4e00\u505c\u8b80\u3002/\n\u9db4\u99b4\u884c\u8f09\u6b63\uff0c\u96f2\u9591\u65b7\u9084\u7e8c\u3002/\n\u6a58\u67da\u6b0e\u5bd2\u7159\uff0c\u82ad\u8549\u7009\u6df1\u7da0\u3002/\n\u77f3\u6a4b\u9015\u5c62\u8ff4\uff0c\u6697\u6c34\u6d41\u4ea6\u66f2\u3002/\n\u771f\u5fc3\u6063\u5947\u63a2\uff0c\u66e0\u666f\u7e31\u9050\u77da\u3002/\n\u9676\u8b1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b64\u65e8\u66f4\u8ab0\u5c6c\u3002/\n\u7737\u7109\u5c55\u65af\u5716\uff0c\u4ee4\u6211\u6021\u5fc3\u76ee\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon at the middle right and 3 seals of Qian Chenqun \u9322\u9673\u7fa4 (1686\u20131774), dated 1716: \n\nI know you are fond of the Way,/ \nIntending to shed worldly goods./ \nHaving seen all those lovely gardens,/ \nStill you favor seclusion and solitude./ \nIn contentment, words are forgotten./ \nWhat remain are but deeds of kindness./ \nThe official cap may be ready for change./ \nYou open the scroll, but come to a stop./ \nLike a tamed crane, you act properly./ \nA leisurely cloud may break apart but stay connected./ \nCitrus trees attract chilling mist,/ \nAs the banana leaves unleash the deep green./ \nThe path twists and turns toward the stone bridge./ \nThe hidden stream flows and meanders./ \nA sincere heart seeks adventures./ \nAn open scene expands one\u2019s view./ \nWe can no longer emulate Tao and Xie./ \nTo whom can we entrust this idea?/ \nAffectionately, I unroll the picture,/ \nIt will bring delight to my mind and eyes.", "inscription_remark": "Qian Chenqun was the most prominent of the inscribers, although at the time this was written, he was just a juren, a provincial graduate.", "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "\u9038\u8208\u8fe5\u7d76\u5875\uff0c\u98a8\u6d41\u4ef0\u9ad8\u8e85\u3002/\n\u5074\u7121\u9e7f\u89d2\u5dfe\uff0c\u6a2a\u5448\u8c79\u76ae\u8925\u3002/\n\u80f8\u85cf\u5c71\u58d1\u5bcc\uff0c\u5ea7\u5217\u7434\u56ca\u8db3\u3002/\n\u6a59\u61f8\u842c\u9846\u9ec4\uff0c\u8549\u6563\u4e00\u53e2\u7da0\u3002/\n\u6cc9\u6e05\u9db4\u666f\u9577\uff0c\u6a39\u9060\u96f2\u5149\u7e8c\u3002/\n\u62ab\u5716\u8b58\u6027\u60c5\uff0c\u4f0a\u4eba\u6e29\u4f3c\u7389\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon and 2 seals of Cai Erjun \u8521\u723e\u6d5a (c. 18th c.): \n\nYour free spirit leaves behind the dusty world./ \nYour elegance compels us to look up to you./ \nBy your side there is no cap of deer horn./ \nLaid beneath is the leopard skin./ \nYour bosom contains a wealth of hills and ravines./ \nBy your side is a shielded qin./ \nThe yellow oranges hang by the thousands./ \nThe banana plant split to unveil clusters of green./ \nThe stream is clear, and the shadow of the crane lengthens./ \nThe trees are distant, as cloud and light linger./ \nOpen the scroll to savor the man\u2019s inner disposition./ \nSuch a man is as gentle as a piece of jade.", "inscription_remark": "Cai Erjun wrote his poem in clerical script.", "sortorder": 5}, {"inscription": "\u98a8\u96c5\u51fa\u5875\u5bf0\uff0c\u62ab\u5716\u898b\u4e00\u6591\u3002/\n\u6a58\u9999\u65b0\u96e8\u5f8c\uff0c\u7af9\u5f71\u5915\u967d\u9593\u3002/\n\u6d41\u6c34\u9cf4\u524d\u6f97\uff0c\u6b78\u96f2\u6e21\u9060\u5c71\u3002/\n\u5e7d\u68f2\u5982\u53ef\u9042\uff0c\u61c9\u8a31\u5171\u8ffd\u6500\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon at the upper left and 1 seal of Miao Yueqi \u7e46\u66f0\u8291 (c. 18th c.): \n\nHis spirit soars beyond the dusty world./ \nOpen the picture and one can seize the truth./ \nThe orange scent rises after the fresh rain./ \nThe bamboo casts shadows under the setting sun./ \nFlowing water gurgles in the torrent upstream./ \nReturning clouds move across the distant hills./ \nIf a retired seclusion is possible,/ \nPlease allow us to follow you.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"inscription": "\u856d\u7051\u62ab\u895f\u5750\uff0c\u7434\u66f8\u9038\u8208\u9577\u3002/\n\u886b\u5206\u8549\u8449\u78a7\uff0c\u51a0\u5b78\u7af9\u76ae\u9ec4\u3002/\n\u9ad8\u6a39\u7a7f\u96f2\u65b7\uff0c\u6d41\u6cc9\u5e36\u83ca\u9999\u3002/\n\u5e7d\u61f7\u771f\u66e0\u9054\uff0c\u4f55\u5730\u4e0d\u7fb2\u7687\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon at the middle left and 3 seals of Song Shizeng \u5b8b\u5e2b\u66fe (c. 18th c.): \n\nCasually he sits there, collars loosened,/ \nWith a sustained interest in the qin and books./ \nYour long robe splits open like the banana plant\u2019s green leaves,/ \nYour cap emulates the yellow bamboo skin./ \nTall trees shoot up and divide the clouds./ \nA flowing stream is imbued with the scent of chrysanthemum./ \nYour inner mind is truly all-encompassing./ \nWherever he goes, there are kindred spirits to Emperor Xi.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"inscription": "\u79cb\u8272\u6eff\u6797\u58d1\uff0c\u5b64\u7434\u7368\u7384\u9592\u3002/\n\u5883\u6b78\u7c2a\u7d31\u5916\uff0c\u9053\u5728\u6c34\u96f2\u9593\u3002/\n\u68c4\u667a\u5982\u85cf\u749e\uff0c\u6816\u5fc3\u9759\u82e5\u5c71\u3002/\n\u770b\u541b\u6b64\u5716\u756b\uff0c\u6c38\u4ee5\u8b1d\u5875\u984f\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon at the lower left and 2 seals of Tong Hong \u4f5f\u92d0 (c. 18th c.): \n\nAutumn hues fill the forest and ravine./ \nA single qin alone is mysterious and relaxing./ \nThe scene here is beyond one\u2019s grasp./ \nThe true Way is where cloud and water merge./ \nShed one\u2019s wisdom to regain the primordial simplicity./ \nA heart at rest is as still as the mountains./ \nI look at you in this picture./ \nI thank you forever by leaving my dusty face behind.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"inscription": "\u4fee\u7af9\u53e2\u8549\u5750\u7da0\u5929\uff0c\u541b\u5bb9\u65e9\u6b73\u5df2\u5982\u4ed9\u3002/\n\u5c71\u4e2d\u5bc4\u8b1d\u738b\u6469\u8a70\uff0c\u982d\u767d\u65b9\u77e5\u4f4f\u8f1e\u5ddd\u3002/\n\n\u5343\u6a39\u52dd\u5c01\u842c\u6238\u4faf\uff0c\u897f\u98a8\u8f09\u6eff\u674e\u8861\u821f\u3002/\n\u770b\u541b\u9ad8\u81f4\u8f15\u8ed2\u5195\uff0c\u5750\u4eab\u6c5f\u9109\u5bcc\u8cb4\u79cb\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon at the lower left and 2 seals of Zhao Chai \u8d99\u831e: \n\nHe sits amid tall bamboo and banana clusters under a green sky./ \nYour appearance, in early years, already takes on that of an Immortal./ \nAmid the hills, you could perhaps express your thanks to Wang Mojie./ \nUntil one\u2019s hair turns white, can one know that he is already in Wangchuan./ \n\nPlanting thousands of trees is better than being made a marquis./ \nThe western wind carries Li Heng\u2019s loaded boats./ \nI capture your lofty sentiment and your disdain for social climbing,/ \nAs you sit by the riverbank and enjoy a prosperous autumn.", "inscription_remark": "Zhao Chai was apparently a Daoist initiate, claiming a direct link to the Yuqing \u7389\u6e05 sect. His poem is unique among the inscriptions in praising An Qi's commercial acumen. Noting the abundance of oranges in An Qi's garden, Zhao Chai recalled the official Li Heng \u674e\u8861 (active c. AD 220-265), whose groves of orange trees ensured a secure financial foundation for his descendants.", "sortorder": 9}, {"inscription": "6 seals unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 10}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 3, 1982-February 28, 1983).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 298005, "title": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 14, 2017-February 5, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-08-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 12-November 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "An Qi \u5b89\u5c90 [c. 1683\u2013c. 1744]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Xu Bojiao \u5f90\u4f2f\u90ca [1913\u20132002]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cheng Qi \u7a0b\u7426 [1911\u20131988], to his son, Stephen O. K. Chen", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Stephen O. K. Chen [20th century], New York/Tokyo, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Seven of An Qi's close friends wrote poetic inscriptions on the silk brocade mount around his portrait.", "description": "An Qi, the subject of the portrait, was a second-generation salt merchant from Korea. He used part of his wealth to collect art. At the time this painting was commissioned, An was less than 40 years old. He is represented as a Daoist recluse in nature, informally dressed with attributes such as books and a wrapped guqin instrument, a portrait convention for literati-scholars since the Six Dynasties period (220\u2013589 CE). The local Taihu rock, banana plants, and crane suggest a southern garden and a life in seclusion. An\u2019s portrait is evidence of merchants aspiring to the scholar-official class.
According to the inscription, this painting was the joint effort of three men, the eldest and most famous was Wang Hui. While the garden setting is homogenous in style, it contrasts with the application of opaque pigments and shading employed for the depiction of An Qi\u2019s face.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471864"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.17-portrait-of-an-qi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "O\u0304mura, Seigai \u5927\u6751\u897f\u5d16 and O\u0304mura Kido\u0304 \u5927\u6751\u6587\u592b. Chu\u0304goku meigashu\u0304. 8 [\u4e2d\u56fd\u540d\u753b\u96c6. \u7b2c8\u518a = Collection of famous Chinese paintings]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ryu\u0304bunshokyoku, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: VIII, pl. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 430 (Wang Hui), 453 (Yang Jin)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guo, Weiqu \u90ed\u5473\u8556. Song Yuan Ming Qing shu hua jia nian biao \u5b8b\u5143\u660e\u6e05\u66f8\u756b\u5bb6\u5e74\u8868. Beijing: Zhongguo gu dian yi shu chu ban she, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lawton, Thomas. \"The <<Mo-yu\u0308an hui-kuan>> by An Ch\u02bbi [\u5b89\u5c90\u4e4b<<\u58a8\u7de3\u5f59\u89c0>>].\" In Qing zhu Jiang Fucong xian sheng qi shi sui lun wen ji [Symposium in honor of Dr. Chiang Fu-tsung on his 70th birthday = \u6176\u795d\u8523\u5fa9\u7481\u5148\u751f\u4e03\u5341\u6b72\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6]. Shilin: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 27, pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheng, Qi \u7a0b\u7426. Xuanhuitang shuhua lu [\u8431\u6689\u5802\u66f8\u756b\u9304 = Paintings and calligraphy in the collection of Hsu\u0308an-hui-t\u02bbang]. Hong Kong: Xuanhuitang, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 166(b)-168(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hung, Shou-hao. \"Liu Hua Han-kuo shu-hua-chia y\u00fc shou-ts'ang-che t'an-k'ao\" [Investigation of the Korean calligraphy, painters, and collectors in China]. Meishu xue bao \u7f8e\u8853\u5b78\u5831, no. 7 (January 1973), pp. 1071-1186.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 124, 125, figs. 6, 7", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 358", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378"}, {"citation": "Hironobu Kohara \u53e4\u539f\u5b8f\u4f38, Tamaki Ogawa \u5c0f\u5ddd\u74b0\u6a39, and Roderick Whitfield. Un Juhei, O\u0304 Ki \u60f2\u58fd\u5e73 \u738b\u7fec. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304 Ko\u0304ronsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 150, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loehr, Max. The Great Painters of China. Oxford: Phaidon, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 316, 319, figs. 181, 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 351-352, cat. no. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murashige, Yasushi \u6751\u91cd\u5be7. Tenno\u0304 to kuge no sho\u0304zo\u0304 [\u5929\u7687\u3068\u516c\u5bb6\u306e\u8096\u50cf = Japanese Portrait Paintings of Emperors and the Nobility]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shibundo\u0304, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, cat. no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 16.4, p. 695", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. London: Laurence King, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 689, fig. 16.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 416\u2013418", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.17/1971.17_web.jpg", "width": "454", "height": "893", "filesize": "336587", "filename": "1971.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.17/1971.17_print.jpg", "width": "1728", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4663773", "filename": "1971.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.17/1971.17_full.tif", "width": "3472", "height": "6831", "filesize": "71172896", "filename": "1971.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-08T23:26:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.17/1971.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "474", "height": "893", "filesize": "314461"}, "print": {"url": 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145964, "creators": [{"id": 6326, "description": "Wang Hui (Chinese, 1632\u20131717)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u738b\u7fec", "birth_year": "1632", "death_year": "1717", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 6331, "description": "Tu Luo (Chinese, active c. 1715)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6d82\u6d1b", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 6336, "description": "Yang Jin (Chinese, 1644\u20131728)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u694a\u6649", "birth_year": "1644", "death_year": "1728", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of An Qi \u9e93\u6751\u9ad8\u9038\u5716", "Portrait of An Ch'i"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:52.172000"}, {"id": 123569, "accession_number": "1944.151", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bottle-Shaped Vase (\u7c89\u5f69\u842c\u82b1\u9326\u7d0b\u74f6), 1796\u20131820. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Jiaqing reign (1796\u20131820). Porcelain, overglaze colors and gold; overall: 30.8 cm (12 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.151", "current_location": "240A Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy", "title": "Bottle-Shaped Vase", "title_in_original_language": "\u7c89\u5f69\u842c\u82b1\u9326\u7d0b\u74f6", "creation_date": "1796\u20131820", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Jiaqing reign (1796\u20131820)"], "technique": "Porcelain, overglaze colors and gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 30.8 cm (12 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.308}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5927\u6e05\u5609\u6176\u5e74\u5236", "inscription_translation": "Da Qing Jiaqing nian zhi (Made in the Qing dynasty, Jiaqing reign)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. 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Each petal is delicately shaded to suggest volume and depth, creating a vivid yet orderly composition. The mouth is painted with gold pigment to imitate metal, evoking the appearance of copper-body-painted enamel as seen in Qing dynasty court art. Qing palace records indicate that vases with such patterns were used in everyday flower-viewing displays. In late Qing inventories, comparable examples were listed as furnishings for the emperor and his consorts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900759"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.151-bottle-shaped-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss collection : bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n88"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.151", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.151/1944.151_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "165268", "filename": "1944.151_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.151/1944.151_print.jpg", "width": "2618", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1555140", "filename": "1944.151_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.151/1944.151_full.tif", "width": "5736", "height": "7449", "filesize": "128211124", "filename": "1944.151_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2017-09-22T09:11:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "900", "filesize": "164381"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2662", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1534137"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5835", "height": "7452", "filesize": "130475296"}}, {"date_created": "2017-09-22T09:35:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "168233"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1590434"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5835", "height": "7359", "filesize": "128848012"}}, {"date_created": "2017-09-22T10:36:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "900", "filesize": "166428"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2703", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1562649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5868", "height": "7381", "filesize": "129963728"}}, {"date_created": "2017-09-22T11:14:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "900", "filesize": "215454"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2598", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1867992"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5684", "height": "7438", "filesize": "126863160"}}, {"date_created": "2017-09-22T13:10:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "771", "height": "900", "filesize": "239403"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2913", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2145790"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.151/1944.151_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7002", "filesize": "126067072"}}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 123569, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1796\u20131820", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bottle-shaped Vase with Short Foot and Spreading Lip"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:50.690000"}, {"id": 124388, "accession_number": "1945.36", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of a Gardener, c. 1765\u201370. Bow Porcelain Factory (British). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 24.8 cm (9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. A. M. Luntz, 1945.36", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of a Gardener", "creation_date": "c. 1765\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, London, Bow"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 24.8 cm (9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.248}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Frank Stoner, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "?-1945", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Due to the abundance of flowers surrounding this figure, this Gardener has also been considered a personification of Spring.", "description": "Even though this figure and her counterpart (1945.37) are not accompanied by a sheep, these ceramic sculptures were sometimes known as \u201cGarland Shepherds\u201d during the mid-1700s. The name derived from a similar set produced by one of the Bow Porcelain Factory\u2019s rivals, the Derby Porcelain Factory, in which the male figure holds a lamb. While these two factories often produced similar sets of pastoral, allegorical, biographical, and religious figures, the Bow Factory was known as one of the preeminent porcelain manufacturers, rivaled only by the Chelsea Porcelain Factory, with which Bow would later merge.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79902254"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.36-figure-of-a-gardener"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Shepherd and Shepherdess in Bow Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 33, no. 3 (March 1946): 23-24.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141258"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.36", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.36/1945.36_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "900", "filesize": "140441", "filename": "1945.36_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.36/1945.36_print.jpg", "width": "2608", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1317788", "filename": "1945.36_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.36/1945.36_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7822", "filesize": "140825100", "filename": "1945.36_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-02-06T11:53:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.36/1945.36_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "900", "filesize": "119427"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.36/1945.36_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2599", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1143819"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.36/1945.36_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7848", "filesize": "141292964"}}, {"date_created": "2019-02-06T13:37:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.36/1945.36_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "900", "filesize": "116606"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.36/1945.36_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2610", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1084952"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.36/1945.36_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7817", "filesize": "140735212"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. A. M. Luntz", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124388, "creators": [{"id": 18463, "description": "Bow Porcelain Factory (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Bow shares with Chelsea the distinction of being the first porcelain factory in England, but its early history is very obscure. 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Luntz, 1945.37", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of a Gardener", "creation_date": "c. 1765\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, London, Bow"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.245}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Frank Stoner, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1945", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Due to the abundance of grapes, pears, plums, and other fall fruits spilling from the figure\u2019s basket, this Gardener has also been considered a personification of Autumn.", "description": "Even though this figure and his counterpart (1945.36) are not accompanied by a sheep, these ceramic sculptures were sometimes known as \u201cGarland Shepherds\u201d during the mid-1700s. 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While these two factories often produced similar sets of pastoral, allegorical, biographical, and religious figures, the Bow Factory was known as one of the preeminent porcelain manufacturers, rivaled only by the Chelsea Porcelain Factory, with which Bow would later merge.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79902288"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.37-figure-of-a-gardener"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Shepherd and Shepherdess in Bow Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 33, no. 3 (March 1946): 23-24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 23", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141258"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.37/1945.37_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "141101", "filename": "1945.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.37/1945.37_print.jpg", "width": "2595", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1351243", "filename": "1945.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.37/1945.37_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7862", "filesize": "141545620", "filename": "1945.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-02-06T15:38:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.37/1945.37_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "900", "filesize": "130182"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.37/1945.37_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2611", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1267940"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.37/1945.37_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7814", "filesize": "140681200"}}, {"date_created": "2019-02-07T08:57:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.37/1945.37_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "900", "filesize": "126707"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.37/1945.37_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2600", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1194134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1945.37/1945.37_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7845", "filesize": "141239444"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. A. M. Luntz", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124403, "creators": [{"id": 18463, "description": "Bow Porcelain Factory (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Bow shares with Chelsea the distinction of being the first porcelain factory in England, but its early history is very obscure. 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Lee in memory of Professor Donald Weeks, 1981.227", "current_location": "301 Baroque Sculpture Mezzanine", "title": "Andromeda", "creation_date": "c. 1720\u201330", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 25.5 x 32 x 19.5 cm (10 1/16 x 12 5/8 x 7 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.255, "width": 0.32, "depth": 0.195}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "The Year in Review for 1981. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310227, "title": "The Persistence of Classicism in Sculpture", "description": "The Persistence of Classicism in Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1988-January 15, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-11-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(sold, Sotheby's, London, 30 July 1964, no. 113, as \"probably Austrian, early 18th c.,\" to Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-1981", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1981-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Tarsia sculptred the clay to depict different textures: coral-like rock, smooth skin, and rigid scales.", "description": "To stop attacks by a sea monster sent to punish Queen Cassiopeia for bragging that she was more beautiful than the nymphs of the sea, an oracle decreed that her virgin daughter, Andromeda, be tied to a rock and sacrificed to the creature. The hero Perseus would eventually save her, but artists often chose this moment as an opportunity to display a young, nude woman, justified by a veneer of mythology.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759338"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.227-andromeda"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1981.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 69, no. 2 (1982): 39-82.", "page_number": "no. 22, p. 46", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159758"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.227", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.227/1981.227_web.jpg", "width": "1064", "height": "893", "filesize": "532065", "filename": "1981.227_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.227/1981.227_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2853", "filesize": "5581246", "filename": "1981.227_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.227/1981.227_full.tif", "width": "4945", "height": "4149", "filesize": "61587464", "filename": "1981.227_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-28T16:00:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.227/1981.227_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1141", "height": "893", "filesize": "565851"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.227/1981.227_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2660", "filesize": "5227594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.227/1981.227_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4752", "height": "3718", "filesize": "53037440"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee in memory of Professor Donald Weeks", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150452, "creators": [{"id": 5730, "description": "Antonio Tarsia (Italian, 1663\u20131739)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1663", "death_year": "1739", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-03-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720\u201330", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:08.540000"}, {"id": 168415, "accession_number": "2010.198", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Headrest, 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Zulu-style carver. Wood; overall: 10.2 cm (4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. 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This reference services from the fact that these animals are a source of wealth but also act as mediators between the living and the dead. In earlier days, both headrests and cattle were used in dowry transactions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758108"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.198-headrest"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ginzberg, Marc. African Forms, exh. cat., Museum for African Art, New York. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168415, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:30.907000"}, {"id": 168416, "accession_number": "2010.199", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pipe, 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Xhosa-style maker(s). Wood, copper, glass beads, sinew, leather, and thread; overall: 20.3 cm (8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.199", "current_location": "108B Southern African", "title": "Pipe", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Xhosa-style maker(s)"], "technique": "Wood, copper, glass beads, sinew, leather, and thread", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Overall: 20.3 cm (8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.203}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. 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Carved by men, pipes were used by both men and women. A female maker added beaded fringe using a color scheme typical of Xhosa beadwork. The miniature apron suspended from the fringe suggests a woman\u2019s garment, and thus ownership of this pipe. Social and leisure practices, smoking and snuffing tobacco were also associated with the ancestors and with ideas of fertility and procreation. Inherited between individuals and families, pipes have connected clans and generations and thus linked the worldly present with the ancestral past.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757219"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.199-pipe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pemberton, John, and Smith College Museum of Art. African Beaded Art: Power and Adornment. Northampton, MA, Smith College Museum of Art, 2008", "page_number": "cat. 114", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/191867911"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.199", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.199/2010.199_web.jpg", "width": "1173", "height": "893", "filesize": "443179", "filename": "2010.199_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.199/2010.199_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2589", "filesize": "4679000", "filename": "2010.199_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.199/2010.199_full.tif", "width": "5467", "height": "4164", "filesize": "68319860", "filename": "2010.199_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-26T17:31:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.199/2010.199_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1039", "height": "893", "filesize": "419617"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.199/2010.199_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2921", "filesize": "5447572"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.199/2010.199_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5355", "height": "4601", "filesize": "73941700"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168416, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:10.475000"}, {"id": 168421, "accession_number": "2010.200", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Container, 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Zimbabwe or Mozambique, Northern Nguni-style or Shona-style maker. Gourd and copper alloy; overall: 7.5 cm (2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.200", "current_location": "108B Southern African", "title": "Snuff Container", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Zimbabwe or Mozambique, Northern Nguni-style or Shona-style maker"], "technique": "Gourd and copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Vessels", "measurements": "Overall: 7.5 cm (2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.075}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. 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The Zulu Kingdom. New York: Rosen Publishing Group and Franklin Watts Library Edition (First Books on African Civilizations), 1998, cover; Ginzberg, Marc. African Forms, exh. cat., Museum for African Art, New York. Milan: Skira, 2000, p. 120; Sotheby's. \"Collection Marc et Denyse Ginzberg.\" Paris, Sept. 10, 2007, lot 96", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.200", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.200/2010.200_web.jpg", "width": "1090", "height": "893", "filesize": "494817", "filename": "2010.200_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.200/2010.200_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2785", "filesize": "5346141", "filename": "2010.200_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.200/2010.200_full.tif", "width": "4357", "height": "3569", "filesize": "46676428", "filename": "2010.200_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168421, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Snuff Gourd"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:13.642000"}, {"id": 291887, "accession_number": "2016.302", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cake Basket, 1753. Samuel Herbert and Company. Silver; 26.4 x 30.1 cm (10 3/8 x 11 7/8 in.). 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In grand houses, silver teapots, caddies, and cake baskets elevated this afternoon refreshment to a formal gathering.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871136"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2016.302-cake-basket"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "No existing citations", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2016.302", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.302/2016.302_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "736", "filesize": "133838", "filename": "2016.302_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.302/2016.302_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2780", "filesize": "1407753", "filename": "2016.302_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.302/2016.302_full.tif", "width": "7124", "height": "5825", "filesize": "124520456", "filename": "2016.302_full.tif"}}, 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Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 118-119, no. 23", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.85", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.85/2018.85_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "900", "filesize": "220342", "filename": "2018.85_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.85/2018.85_print.jpg", "width": "2571", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1848319", "filename": "2018.85_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.85/2018.85_full.tif", "width": "5733", "height": "7582", "filesize": "130442876", "filename": "2018.85_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T18:38:17.053000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.85/2018.85_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "167299"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.85/2018.85_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2563", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1697776"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.85/2018.85_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5792", "height": "7683", "filesize": "133536060"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314115, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700\u20131725", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vasudeva and Devaki receive homage from their sons Krishna and Balarama, A page from a Bhagavata Purana series", "Touching the Feet of Vasudeva and Devaki, from a Bhagavata Purana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.309000"}, {"id": 314122, "accession_number": "2018.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Taking of the toll, Dana-Lila, c. 1760. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 26.2 x 19.9 cm (10 5/16 x 7 13/16 in.); image: 21.2 x 17.9 cm (8 3/8 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.86", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Taking of the toll, Dana-Lila", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 26.2 x 19.9 cm (10 5/16 x 7 13/16 in.); Image: 21.2 x 17.9 cm (8 3/8 x 7 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.262, "width": 0.199}, "image": {"height": 0.212, "width": 0.179}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One milkmaid points to her mouth in a gesture of surprise.", "description": "Radha, the blue god Krishna\u2019s beloved, raises one hand, reddened with henna (temporary natural dye), to strike him. Cows and her companions look on. This interlude is based on a devotional poem written by Dev Datt (about 1673\u20131745), in which he imagines this scene. Radha has dressed up as a soldier of the evil tyrant Kamsa. She shouts, \u201cYou are accused of taking the toll from milkmaids. . . . You are a traitor!\u201d In the distance at the top of the painting, Krishna\u2019s friends, who do not know that the couple is playing, run away in fear.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483024"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.86-taking-of-the-toll-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 194-195, no. 56", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.86/2018.86_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "223931", "filename": "2018.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.86/2018.86_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2580428", "filename": "2018.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.86/2018.86_full.tif", "width": "5568", "height": "7272", "filesize": "121511512", "filename": "2018.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T18:32:59.047000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.86/2018.86_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "900", "filesize": "158846"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.86/2018.86_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2614", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1919132"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.86/2018.86_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5593", "height": "7275", "filesize": "122103256"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314122, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Dana Lila-the taking of the toll", "Dana Lila", "Taking of the Toll (Dana-Lila)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.385000"}, {"id": 314225, "accession_number": "2018.97", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Adoration of young Krishna, c. 1720\u201325. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera on paper; page: 29.2 x 21.6 cm (11 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.); image: 23.6 x 16.6 cm (9 5/16 x 6 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.97", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Adoration of young Krishna", "creation_date": "c. 1720\u201325", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1730, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 29.2 x 21.6 cm (11 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.); Image: 23.6 x 16.6 cm (9 5/16 x 6 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.292, "width": 0.216}, "image": {"height": 0.236, "width": 0.166}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Number \u201830\u2019 on the verso, Takri Number \u201834/4638\u2019 on the leaflet", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 379162, "title": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings", "description": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2021-February 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Krishna is holding a rattle in his right hand.", "description": "The painting shows Krishna being worshipped under a pipal tree by a group of Shaivite devotees, recognized by the horizontal marks on their foreheads. Krishna is clad in a yellow Mughal jama, or belted Central Asian tunic, instead of the wrapped Indian lower garment (dhoti) traditionally associated with Krishna. The tree has been decorated with garlands and scarves to attract auspicious and divine benevolence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483044"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.97-fertility-worship-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 110-111, no. 20", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.97", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.97/2018.97_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "900", "filesize": "376502", "filename": "2018.97_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.97/2018.97_print.jpg", "width": "2522", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4654945", "filename": "2018.97_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.97/2018.97_full.tif", "width": "9102", "height": "12273", "filesize": "335158798", "filename": "2018.97_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T16:03:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.97/2018.97_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "900", "filesize": "315130"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.97/2018.97_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2518", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3379920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.97/2018.97_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5339", "height": "7209", "filesize": "115508480"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-26T16:06:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.97/2018.97_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "347", "height": "900", "filesize": "92824"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.97/2018.97_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1312", "height": "3400", "filesize": "909077"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.97/2018.97_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3241", "height": "8402", "filesize": "81727892"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314225, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720\u201325", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Worship of Balagopala", "Fertility Worship of Krishna"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.844000"}, {"id": 144655, "accession_number": "1969.28", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Woman Standing among the Friars (recto) Sketches of Heads (verso, left); Two Women (verso, right), c. 1770\u201375. John Brown (British, 1752\u20131787). Graphite and gray and black wash with point of brush; image: 25.8 x 36.9 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1969.28", "current_location": null, "title": "Woman Standing among the Friars (recto) Sketches of Heads (verso, left); Two Women (verso, right)", "creation_date": "c. 1770\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and gray and black wash with point of brush", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 25.8 x 36.9 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.258, "width": 0.369}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443540, "title": "The Poetical Circle: Fuseli and the British", "description": "The Poetical Circle: Fuseli and the British. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (April 24-May 27, 1979); Queensland Art Gallery/Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Austria (June 5-July 29, 1979); Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (organizer) (September 1-27, 1979); Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand (October 24-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310295, "title": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art", "description": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 1-July 22, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chefs-d'oeuvre des collections parisiennes. Mus\u00e9e Carnavalet, Paris (November - December, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Splendor of 18th-Century Rome. Philadelphia Museum of Art (March 16 - May 28, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (June 25 - September 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-03-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William Young Ottley, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sir Thomas Lawrence [1769-1830], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1830", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(sale, Christie's, June 17, 1830, no. 99, purchased by Russell)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1830", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Russell", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1830-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private Collection, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eugene V. Thaw and Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1969", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Brown meant for the dark background of this drawing to evoke the potential danger of Italian nights; the writer Johann Joachim Winckelmann had been murdered in Trieste in 1768, in the most conspicuous example of the period's widespread violence.", "description": "John Brown is known for a small group of monochromatic drawings imbued with sinister overtones. At the age of 20, the Scottish artist traveled to Italy where he spent the next 12 years. This drawing exemplifies his Roman street scenes which often depict women dressed in spectacular, billowing costumes. Here, a figure with bare ankles and plunging d\u00e9colletage is surrounded by a crowd of men who leer at her. The reverse of the sketchbook sheet includes two independent drawings: a study of faces in fierce and intense expressions, and a pair of women wearing swirling gowns. One figure raises her hand in a mysterious gesture, either beckoning or forewarning the viewer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922116"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.28-woman-standing-among"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Todd, Ruthven. Tracks in the Snow. London: Grey Walls Press, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 87-88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chefs-d'oeuvre des collections Parisiennes. Exh. Cat. Paris: Muse\u0301e Carnavalet, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 45, no. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Powell, Nicholas. \"Brown and the Women of Rome.\" Signature: A Quadrimestrial of Typography and Graphic Arts, no. 14 (1952).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42; Reproduced: facing page", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E.. \"The Year in Review for 1969.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 1 (January 1970): 2-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.19, no. 157; Mentioned: p. 48, no. 157", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n214"}, {"citation": "Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century British Watercolours and Drawings. London: Sotheby's,1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66, under no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calvini, Anna Ottani. \"Inglesi in Italia nel secolo XVIII: Benjamin West, James Barry, John Brown, John Flaxman.\" In Pittori europei in Italia: Pittori italiani in Europa. Milan: Edizioni Angelo Guerinie Associati, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 59-81, 76, no. 9; Reproduced: p. 76, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Upstone, Robert. Sketchbooks of the Romantics. Secaucus, NJ: Wellfleet Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 174-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craske, Matthew. Art in Europe, 1700-1830: A History of the Visual Arts in an Era of Unprecedented Urban Economic Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 256, no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Macmillan, Duncan. Scottish Art, 1460-2000. Edinburgh: Mainstream Pub, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 128, no. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bowron, Edgar Peters and Joseph J. Rishel. Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century. Exh. Cat. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 480, no. 323", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28/1969.28_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "319", "filesize": "", "filename": "1969.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28/1969.28_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1205", "filesize": "", "filename": "1969.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28/1969.28_full.tif", "width": "12640", "height": "4481", "filesize": "", "filename": "1969.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-06-13T13:58:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28/1969.28_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "645", "filesize": "218082"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28/1969.28_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2435", "filesize": "2614512"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28/1969.28_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6256", "height": "4481", "filesize": "84149116"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144655, "creators": [{"id": 1307, "description": "John Brown (British, 1752\u20131787)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1787", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:39.838000"}, {"id": 95327, "accession_number": "1916.1094", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c.1750\u201360. After a design by Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755). Steel, gilt and russeted, copper, wood; overall: 105.4 cm (41 1/2 in.); blade: 87.9 cm (34 5/8 in.); guard: 7.9 cm (3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1094", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c.1750\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "steel, gilt and russeted, copper, wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 105.4 cm (41 1/2 in.); Blade: 87.9 cm (34 5/8 in.); Guard: 7.9 cm (3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.054}, "blade": {"length": 0.879}, "guard": {"width": 0.079}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941) Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although fully functional, this sword was used more for show\u2014a perfect accessory for a fashionable gentleman having his portrait painted.", "description": "The hilt, pommel, and guard of this sword are richly chiseled in low relief against a stippled gold background with animals (dogs, a stag, ducks) that appear to be adapted from paintings by Jean-Baptiste Oudry (1686\u20131775). An elegant court sword such as this was an important accessory to a gentleman's attire, yet remained functional\u2014it could be withdrawn for an impromptu duel.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779758"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1094-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no, 491", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, E108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 119, 169; cat. no. 139,", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 196, p. 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1094", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1094/1916.1094_web.jpg", "width": "644", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1094_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1094/1916.1094_print.jpg", "width": "2432", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1094_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1094/1916.1094_full.tif", "width": "3313", "height": "4632", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1094_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "639", "height": "893", "filesize": "270462"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1465", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1758363"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1465", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9004420"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1131", "height": "893", "filesize": "678680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "5656640"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3949", "filesize": "59260560"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1131", "height": "893", "filesize": "680521"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "5435411"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3949", "filesize": "59266772"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T16:33:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1094/1916.1094_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5523", "height": "4361", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95327, "creators": [{"id": 1949, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1750\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:42.214000"}, {"id": 95329, "accession_number": "1916.1096", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, 1700s. France, 18th century. Steel, copper alloy inlays; wood grip with steel wire; overall: 90.7 cm (35 11/16 in.); blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); quillions: 8.6 cm (3 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1096", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, copper alloy inlays; wood grip with steel wire", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 90.7 cm (35 11/16 in.); Blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); Quillions: 8.6 cm (3 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.907}, "blade": {"length": 0.772}, "quillions": {"width": 0.086}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The banded pattern on the hilt was achieved by carefully winding wire over a wooden core. The result was a handle with a textured surface that improved the user's grip.", "description": "The small-sword was a civilian thrusting weapon customarily worn by well-to-do gentleman in civilian dress during the weapon's heyday in the 1700s, and were later worn on formal or court occasions. They were traditionally suspended at about mid-thigh from the left side of the belt, the gilt exposed through an opening in the gentleman's coat. Since it was highly visible it was subject to lavish decoration with precious materials and fashions came and went. Many were decorated to match personal costume and were truly an emblem of social rank.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778706"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 4, 17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (223) 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n280"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123, E82; Reproduced: Plate XXXIII, E82", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n186"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 169; cat. no. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 202, p. 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1096", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1096/1916.1096_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "900", "filesize": "131796", "filename": "1916.1096_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1096/1916.1096_print.jpg", "width": "2528", "height": "3400", "filesize": "945987", "filename": "1916.1096_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1096/1916.1096_full.tif", "width": "3531", "height": "4749", "filesize": "50330016", "filename": "1916.1096_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1096/1916.1096_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "893", "filesize": "243485"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1096/1916.1096_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1523", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1561683"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1096/1916.1096_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1523", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9360772"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95329, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:22.429000"}, {"id": 95330, "accession_number": "1916.1097", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Smallsword, c. 1730. France, Paris. Steel, blued, with gold encrusted decoration; chased and engraved; silver wire; overall: 94.5 cm (37 3/16 in.); blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); grip: 13.2 cm (5 3/16 in.); guard: 8 cm (3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1097", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Smallsword", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "steel, blued, with gold encrusted decoration; chased and engraved; silver wire", "support_materials": [{"description": "gilt and blued shell", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 94.5 cm (37 3/16 in.); Blade: 77.2 cm (30 3/8 in.); Grip: 13.2 cm (5 3/16 in.); Guard: 8 cm (3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.945}, "blade": {"length": 0.772}, "grip": {"length": 0.132}, "guard": {"width": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. 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The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756326"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1097-smallsword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 494", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135, E111", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n204"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 118, 169; cat. no. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95330, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Court Sword"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:54.749000"}, {"id": 95816, "accession_number": "1916.1501", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1770. Germany, 18th century. Steel, gilt-brass, porcelain grip; overall: 90.5 cm (35 5/8 in.); blade: 76.9 cm (30 1/4 in.); grip: 11.3 cm (4 7/16 in.); hilt: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1501", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, gilt-brass, porcelain grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 90.5 cm (35 5/8 in.); Blade: 76.9 cm (30 1/4 in.); Grip: 11.3 cm (4 7/16 in.); Hilt: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.905}, "blade": {"length": 0.769}, "grip": {"width": 0.113}, "hilt": {"width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Small-swords with porcelain grips became fashionable in the mid- to late 1700s and added a colorful splash to male attire.", "description": "The small-sword was a light, quick weapon that emerged during the 18th century. It was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. The porcelain hilt, elaborately decorated, would have been visible even when the sword was sheathed\u2013making this object more an accessory of male attire than a utilitarian weapon.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779293"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 490", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136, E113", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n203"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 120, 170; cat. no. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance, 1916.1686", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Hunting Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "steel; pierced and chiseled cast-iron hilt ; blade engraved", "support_materials": [{"description": "hilt chased and pierced", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 65 cm (25 9/16 in.); Blade: 52.9 cm (20 13/16 in.); Quillions: 8.9 cm (3 1/2 in.); Grip: 11.6 cm (4 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.65}, "blade": {"length": 0.529}, "quillions": {"width": 0.089}, "grip": {"length": 0.116}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Richard Zschille (1847-1903), Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Besides being viewed as a recreation for European nobility and an ancient and hereditary right, hunting was recognized as a necessary and pragmatic skill which supplied an additional source of food and dispatched animals which were considered a menace.", "description": "No gentleman's hunting costume was complete without a hunting sword. These special sidearms, designed primarily as defense against dangerous game in the field, were also used to dispatch game at the end of a chase. It was a point of honor among aristocratic hunters to carve and section the game in the field, a further function for which these swords were well suited. They were often made as a set, or garniture, and included smaller knives, forks, and other implements for carving the carcass.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778047"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1686-hunting-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 2, 16th century. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (100) 103", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour2_201602/page/n452"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131, E100", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 138, 171; cat. no. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95951, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:44.890000"}, {"id": 96725, "accession_number": "1916.45", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flintlock Pistol, 1700s. Bortolo Agazzi (Italian), Lazaro Lazarino (Italian). Steel with traces of gilding; walnut stock; overall: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.); barrel: 12.7 cm (5 in.); bore: 1.2 cm (1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.45", "current_location": "210C Firearms", "title": "Flintlock Pistol", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Brescia, 18th century"], "technique": "steel with traces of gilding; walnut stock", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.); Barrel: 12.7 cm (5 in.); Bore: 1.2 cm (1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.245}, "barrel": {"length": 0.127}, "bore": {"width": 0.012}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on lock: Bortolo Agazzi; on barrel: Lazaro Lazarino", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The term flintlock is used to describe any firearm that uses a flint-striking ignition mechanism.", "description": "The flintlock was the most popular style of lock in all of Europe in the mid 1600s through the 1700s except in Spain and Italy where the snaphance was more dominant. This pistol's shine comes from the gold that was applied to the steel shaft. This shiny surface is set off by the rich walnut stock. Upon close inspection, you can see areas of damage to the walnut and even a missing section of decoration on the rear of the handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779030"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 4, 17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (256) 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n489"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150-151, F20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n222"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 173, cat. no. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance Fund, 1999.15.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Cho Hyun-myeong from Punhyang Cho Family", "title_in_original_language": "\uc870\ud604\uba85 \ucd08\uc0c1 [\u8d99\u986f\u547d\u8096\u50cf]", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "album painting, ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 35.6 x 27.3 cm (14 x 10 3/4 in.); Mounted: 44.4 x 33.2 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.356, "width": 0.273}, "mounted": {"height": 0.444, "width": 0.332}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art (June 12, 2013-January 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-06-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(M. Richard Fish [1941\u20132018], Massachusetts sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These two men belonged to the Pungyang Cho Clan, one of the most important political power houses in 18th-century Korea.", "description": "These two portraits are of members of the Cho family, which originated from the area of Pungyang. Cho Jae-ho (1702-1762) on the left is the cousin of Cho Hyun-myeong on the right. Both were High State Councilors, called yeong-uijeong, and the Cho family ordered these two portraits as a family honor. Korean portraits were copied for sharing at each family Confucian ritual; similar portraits are still in the collection of the Cho family in Korea.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477716"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.15.1-cho-hyun-myeong-from"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Korea portraits from the collection of the National Museum [\ud55c\uad6d\uc758\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 : \uad6d\ub9bd\uc911\uc559\ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc18c\uc7a5\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ud2b9\ubcc4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Portrait Paintings in Korea [\ud55c\uad6d\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c]. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi Tae-ho. \"Portrait of Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654].\" Misulsa Yeongu: Journal of Art History, vol. 12 (December, 1998): 207\u2013224.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE00195368"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik and Tae-ho Yi. \"Image of Figure, Image of Mind: The Portrait of Gentleman in Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u5716\u50cf\uacfc \u5fc3\u50cf: \uc870\uc120 \uc911\ud6c4\uae30 \uc120\ube44 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u4fee\u5df1\u7684 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubcf8 \u518d\u73fe\u7684 \u5716\u50cf\uc758 \u5be6\u5b58\u7684 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc131\ucc30].\" Art History, vol. 15 (August 2001): 7\u201355.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE00758188"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik. \"The Hair and Eye Ritual Assumption and Modelistio Theme for Portraits of the Joseon Dynasty [\ud138\uacfc \ub208: \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u796d\u5100\u7684 \u547d\u984c\uc640 \u9020\u5f62\u7684 \u8ab2\u984c].\" Korean Journal of Art History (December 2005): 95\u2013129.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00999447"}, {"citation": "Portraits of the Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Great Korean Portraits. Seoul: Dolbegae Publishers, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik. \"Five Codes for the Reading Portraits of Joseon [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ub97c \uc77d\ub294 \ub2e4\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \ucf54\ub4dc].\" Misulsahakbo: Reviews on the Art History, no. 38 (June 2012): 135\u2013183.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01889721"}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Yon-suk. \"Formation of DaeChongChung of Poongyang Cho Family and Publication of Family Genealogy during the 18th and 19th Centuries [18\u223c19\uc138\uae30 \ud48d\uc591\uc870\uc528\uc758 \ub300\uc885\uc911 \ud615\uc131\uacfc \uc871\ubcf4\uac04\ud589].\" Journal of Korean Classics, vol. 43 (June, 2014): 335\u2013370.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE02437306"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.15.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15.1/1999.15.1_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "893", "filesize": "113484", "filename": "1999.15.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15.1/1999.15.1_print.jpg", "width": "2616", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2127998", "filename": "1999.15.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15.1/1999.15.1_full.tif", "width": "4646", "height": "6037", "filesize": "84166948", "filename": "1999.15.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160859, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1999.15", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cho Chae-ho, Duke of Pung won (born im-o)", "Double Portrait; Cho Chae-ho, Duke of Pung won (born im-o) and Cho Hyun-myong, Duke of Pung won (born simmi)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:52.623000"}, {"id": 129802, "accession_number": "1952.235.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Sacrifice of Isaac, 1750s. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 71 x 90.5 x 5.5 cm (27 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1952.235.1", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "The Sacrifice of Isaac", "creation_date": "1750s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 71 x 90.5 x 5.5 cm (27 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.71, "width": 0.905, "depth": 0.055}, "unframed": {"height": 0.565, "width": 0.755}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515555, "title": "Old Masters and the Bible", "description": "Old Masters and the Bible. Israel Museum, 91710 Jerusalem, Israel (organizer) (May 11-June 28, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 228379, "title": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art", "description": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Jerusalem, Bezelel National Museum, May 11 - June 28, 1965: \"Old Masters and the Bible,\" cat. no. 14, repr.", "opening_date": "1965-05-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Approved: Trustees' Minutes 1/11/1965", "opening_date": "1965-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oklahoma City Museum of Art (9/9/2010 - 1/2/2011): \"The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art\", cat. no. 8, p. 55.", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1952.235"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This series of paintings primarily tells the Old Testament story of Abraham and Isaac, and each of the canvases depicts the interaction of humans and angels. In three works, angels appear to Abraham, and in one particularly dramatic canvas, an angel intercepts Abraham before he sacrifices his own son. Like another work in this series, Tobias and the Angels, the Sacrifice of Isaac is a narrative about fathers and sons as well as obedience inspired by faith.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516005"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, March 29, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, invoice, July 5, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, Aug. 15, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Antonio Morassi, letter to Neumann, Nov. 24, 1937, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nancy Coe Wixom, letter to Alessandro Bettagno, Oct. 22, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio, \u201cA Signed Drawing by Antonio Guardi and the Problem of the Guardi Brothers,\u201d Burlington Magazine 95 (August 1953): 267.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, Aug. 15, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nancy Coe Wixom, letter to Alessandro Bettagno, Oct. 22, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Binion, Alice. Antonio and Francesco Guardi, Their Life and Milieu: With a Catalogue of Their Figure Drawings. New York: Garland Pub, 1976.
", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L'arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender, editore, 1934.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. The Eighteenth-Century Italian Schools. London: Publications Dept., National Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L'Arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender, editore, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 34-35, n. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. \"Four Paintings by Giovanni Antonio Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 9 (November 1957): 198-203.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 198; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142240"}, {"citation": "Valcanover, Francesco. G. Guardi; le storie di Tobiolo nella chiesa di S. Raffaele Arcangelo in Venezia. Milano: Arti Grafiche Ricordi, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp.pl. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rossacher, Kurt. Visionen des Barock: Entwu\u0308rfe aus der Sammlung Kurt Rossacher : Ausstellung in der Residenzgalerie Salzburg vom 28. Mai bis 31. August 1966 (Meisterwerke aus o\u0308sterr. Privatbesitz I). Salzburg, Austria: Residenzgalerie Salzburg, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 159A, p. 360 - 363", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n163"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.235.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.1/1952.235.1_web.jpg", "width": "1210", "height": "893", "filesize": "781844", "filename": "1952.235.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.1/1952.235.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2510", "filesize": "6280066", "filename": "1952.235.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.1/1952.235.1_full.tif", "width": "5301", "height": "3914", "filesize": "62277972", "filename": "1952.235.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 129802, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1952.235", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:45.473000"}, {"id": 155043, "accession_number": "1989.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seven Jeweled Mountain (\uce60\ubcf4\uc0b0\ub3c4 (\u4e03\u5bf6\u5c71\u5716)), late 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Ten-panel screen; ink and color on silk; overall: 185.2 x 42.9 cm (72 15/16 x 16 7/8 in.); each screen: 158.2 x 42.9 cm (62 5/16 x 16 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1989.6", "current_location": null, "title": "Seven Jeweled Mountain", "title_in_original_language": "\uce60\ubcf4\uc0b0\ub3c4 (\u4e03\u5bf6\u5c71\u5716)", "creation_date": "late 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "ten-panel screen; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 185.2 x 42.9 cm (72 15/16 x 16 7/8 in.); Each screen: 158.2 x 42.9 cm (62 5/16 x 16 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.784, "width": 4.398}, "each screen": {"height": 1.582, "width": 0.429}, "painting only": {"height": 1.547, "width": 4.334}, "overall framed": {"height": 1.858, "width": 4.472}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "If you walk 12 miles southeast from Myeongcheon Prefecture along the ridge, you will reach Munam (Mun Rock). If you look to the east of Munam, you will see large mountains reaching the sky and surrounding all sides of the area. Among them is a rocky mountain whose color resembles a red sunset. Its several peaks rise high, look wild and extraordinary, and show all kinds of forms and figures. The most bizarre among them are Saam (Sa Rock), Chaekam (Chaekam Rock), Juam (Ju Rock), Cheonbulbong (Cheonbul Peak), Mansabong (Mansa Peak), and Hosangdae (Hosang Terrace). They recall flying birds, running beasts, or an assemblage of people and things. Their wonder cannot be compared to clouds that disperse and gather or a mirage that appears and disappears.\n\nGeumjangsa (Geumjang Temple) is 2.4 miles away from Munam, and 4.9 miles from Geumjangsa is Gaesimsa (Gaesim Temple). Behind Gaesimsa is a pavilion where you can catch a glimpse of the entire mountain. If you walk slightly east from Gaesimsa, you come to Manghaedae (Manghae Terrace). Passing Seokbong (Seok Peak) from Manghaedae, you will encounter Geumganggul (Geumgang Cave). Dosolam (Dolsol Hermitage) is 2.4 miles beyond Geumganggul. Dosolam is located below Saam on the terrain with high altitude. It has been said that Chilbosan was named so since seen mountains stood there side by side in ancient times. Now. there stands only one as it has been said that six of them sunk into the sea.\n\nAt present, fossilized seashells can be found on the highest point of this mountain, indicating that the rocks were once submerged in the sea. However, you never know when the six mountains will emerge from the sea or they will sink into the sea again. One strange thing about this mountain is that radishes grow wild here. These radishes serve as food for monks living on its slopes.", "inscription_remark": "Inscription in upper right corner", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "The small inscriptions throughout the composition indicate the names given to the geographic features and many of the small temples and shrines found in the mountain range.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "Notable Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 232747, "title": "Exquisite and Precious: The Splendor of Korean Art", "description": "Exquisite and Precious: The Splendor of Korean Art. Leeum Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (July 2-September 13, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-07-02T00:00:00"}, {"id": 315373, "title": "Mountains and Rivers Beyond the DMZ \u2013 Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Mountains and Rivers Beyond the DMZ \u2013 Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 21-July 21, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665426, "title": "Into the Seven Jeweled Mountain: An Immersive Experience", "description": "Into the Seven Jeweled Mountain: An Immersive Experience. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15-September 29, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 18-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-18T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 26, 2013-January 27, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-04-26T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sydney L. Moss, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131989", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Featuring a spectacular panoramic view and topographical details, this ten-panel folding screen is an excellent 19th-century version of the Korean \u201ctrue-view\u201d landscape painting tradition.", "description": "With a bird\u2019s-eye view, this ten-panel folding screen portrays the famous Seven Jeweled Mountain \uce60\ubcf4\uc0b0 in North Korea. Ancient volcanic eruptions shaped the mountain\u2019s unique and awe-inspiring terrain such as phallic-shaped pillars (panel #5, from the right); a large flat-topped, steep-sided cliff (panels #7 and #8), and a rugged mountain composed of metamorphic and igneous rocks (panels #9 and #10). The tradition of landscape painting that details actual natural sites and captures their topographic features in Korea began in the 1700s and continued onward.
While such natural wonders were beloved as popular destinations for tourism and pilgrimage, after the Korean War (1950\u201353), these sites in North Korea are no longer accessible to the outside world. This folding screen detailing the mountain\u2019s distinctive topography feeds our imagination and longing for such an unattainable place.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476405"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.6-seven-jeweled-mounta"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 78, no. 3 (1991): 63\u2013147.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134; Mentioned: p. 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Yi, Seongmi, \"Artistic Tradition and the Depiction of Reality: True-View Landscape Painting of the Chooso\u0306n Dynasty.\" Arts of Korea. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998: 330\u2013468.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Our Land, Our True-View Landscape [\uc6b0\ub9ac \ub545, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc9c4\uacbd]. Chuncheon: Chuncheon National Museum, 2002.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 210\u2013211", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 254", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Exquisite and Precious: the Splendor of Korean Art [\uc138\ubc00\uac00\uadc0]. Seoul: Leeum, Samsung Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 232\u2013233, pl. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beyond Folding Screens [\uc870\uc120, \ubcd1\ud48d\uc758 \ub098\ub77c]. Seoul: Amorepacific Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa. \"North of the Border: A preview of the Korean gallery's new display, coming in January.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 6 (November/December 2018): 16\u201317.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16; Mentioned: p. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-06/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"Re-Reading Imagery of Tilling and Weaving in the Context of the Little Ice Age.\" In Eco-Art History in East and Southeast Asia, edited by De-nin D. Lee. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, fig. 1-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Through the Eyes of Joseon Painters: Real Scenery Landscapes of Korea [\ud654\uac00\uc758\uc2dc\uc120: \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc2e4\uacbd\uc0b0\uc218\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Past and Present of the Korean Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 22\u201337. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 32\u201333, fig. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 188\u201395, no. 117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eun-kyoung, Kim. \"Art History in the Digital Age: Current Status and Achievements of Digital Heritage Research.\" Art History Research 325 (March 2025): 109\u2013140.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122; Reproduced: p. 121, fig. 6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.6/1989.6_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "521", "filesize": "530801", "filename": "1989.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.6/1989.6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1403", "filesize": "4030979", "filename": "1989.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.6/1989.6_full.tif", "width": "16093", "height": "6642", "filesize": "320707452", "filename": "1989.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "520", "filesize": "619887"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1401", "filesize": "4518175"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2061", "filesize": "30931668"}}, {"date_created": "2011-02-18T18:43:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "463", "height": "893", "filesize": "318103"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1762", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4726372"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3456", "height": "6668", "filesize": "69160872"}}, {"date_created": "2011-02-18T18:47:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "463", "height": "893", "filesize": "317786"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1762", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4681747"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3456", "height": "6668", "filesize": "69160744"}}, {"date_created": "2011-02-18T18:52:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "452", "height": "893", "filesize": "318809"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1722", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4669022"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3378", "height": "6668", "filesize": "67601060"}}, {"date_created": "2011-02-18T18:55:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "471", "height": "893", "filesize": "325514"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1795", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4771323"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3522", "height": "6668", "filesize": "70481320"}}, {"date_created": "2011-02-18T19:02:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "460", "height": "893", "filesize": "307499"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4624132"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.6/1989.6_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3438", "height": "6668", "filesize": "68800472"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155043, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-02-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:47.564000"}, {"id": 150176, "accession_number": "1980.91", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Classical Landscape, 1779. Pierre Henri de Valenciennes (French, 1750\u20131819). 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Wade Fund, 1980.91", "current_location": null, "title": "Classical Landscape", "creation_date": "1779", "creation_date_earliest": 1779, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "black gouache and brush and gray wash, over black chalk and graphite, heightened with white gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "green laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 41.3 x 48.3 cm (16 1/4 x 19 in.); Secondary Support: 43.6 x 52.1 cm (17 3/16 x 20 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.413, "width": 0.483}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.436, "width": 0.521}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in brown ink: Valencienne Fecit / a Rome. 1779 / 1779\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "Year in Review: 1980. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229049, "title": "Views and Visions: French Landscape Painting from Classicism to Naturalism", "description": "Views and Visions: French Landscape Painting from Classicism to Naturalism. Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, South Hadley, MA (organizer) (September 17-December 12, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Nineteenth Century French and Other Continental Watercolors and Oil Sketches. Shepherd Gallery, New York (Winter 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exhibition of French Drawings: Neo-Classicism. Heim Gallery, London (February 20 - March 27, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heim Gallery, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1975-before 1979", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Shepherd Gallery, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Jean-Pierre Selz, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1979-1980", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ritual seen here, in which women cut their hair and offer it to a god, is rarely depicted in the visual arts.", "description": "The leading landscape painter of the late 18th century, Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes was also an important theoretician whose book Elements of Practical Perspective influenced generations of French artists who followed. In the book, the artist described two ways of envisioning nature: \"seeing it as it is,\" and \"seeing it as it could be.\" He preferred the latter, believing that it demanded more of the imagination than merely copying the natural world. The perfection of the setting in this drawing reflects the noble, classical subject: three maidens cutting their hair and offering it on an altar to a river god.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932412"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.91-classical-landscape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Exhibition of French Drawings: Neo-Classicism. Exh. Cat. London: Heim Gallery, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rohowsky, Peter S. Nineteenth Century French and Other Continental Watercolors and Oil Sketches. Exh. Cat. New York: Shepherd Gallery, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192; Mentioned: p. 217, no. 245", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 120-121, p. 289, no. 46; Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marlais, Michael, John Varriano, and Wendy M. Watson. Valenciennes, Daubigny, and the Origins of French Landscape Painting. Exh. Cat. South Hadley, MA: Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.91", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.91/1980.91_web.jpg", "width": "1057", "height": "893", "filesize": "192936", "filename": "1980.91_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.91/1980.91_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2872", "filesize": "1849943", "filename": "1980.91_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.91/1980.91_full.tif", "width": "5248", "height": "4434", "filesize": "69833896", "filename": "1980.91_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1980.91/1980.91_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1049", "height": "893", "filesize": "855550"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1980.91/1980.91_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1805", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2548233"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1980.91/1980.91_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1805", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8320692"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150176, "creators": [{"id": 1968, "description": "Pierre Henri de Valenciennes (French, 1750\u20131819)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1750", "death_year": "1819", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-09-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1779, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1779", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:09.322000"}, {"id": 129805, "accession_number": "1952.235.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Abraham Welcoming the Three Angels, 1750s. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 70.5 x 90.5 x 5.5 cm (27 3/4 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1952.235.4", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Abraham Welcoming the Three Angels", "creation_date": "1750s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 70.5 x 90.5 x 5.5 cm (27 3/4 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.705, "width": 0.905, "depth": 0.055}, "unframed": {"height": 0.565, "width": 0.755}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361397, "title": "Mostra dei Guardi", "description": "Mostra dei Guardi. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (June 5-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 228379, "title": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art", "description": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Venice, Palazzo Grassi, June 5 - October 10, 1965: \"Mostra dei Guardi,\" cat. no. 59, p. 412 (as Francesco)", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Approved: Trustees' Minutes 6/21/1965", "opening_date": "1965-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oklahoma City Museum of Art (9/9/2010 - 1/2/2011): \"The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art\", cat. no. 7, p. 54.", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1952.238"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Three of the four pictures in the series depict episodes from the life of the Old Testament figure of Abraham, beginning with the angels appearing to Abraham. According to Genesis 18, Abraham met three men at midday, and, recognizing that they were angels, humbly bowed down to them with his face touching the ground. The encounter incongruously takes place before a marble, classical portico in which a woman lurks, presumably his wife Sarah.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516052"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, March 29, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, invoice, July 5, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, Aug. 15, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Antonio Morassi, letter to Neumann, Nov. 24, 1937, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nancy Coe Wixom, letter to Alessandro Bettagno, Oct. 22, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio, \u201cA Signed Drawing by Antonio Guardi and the Problem of the Guardi Brothers,\u201d Burlington Magazine 95 (August 1953): 267.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, Aug. 15, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nancy Coe Wixom, letter to Alessandro Bettagno, Oct. 22, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Binion, Alice. Antonio and Francesco Guardi, Their Life and Milieu: With a Catalogue of Their Figure Drawings. New York: Garland Pub, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L'arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender, editore, 1934.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. The Eighteenth-Century Italian Schools. London: Publications Dept., National Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. \"Four Paintings by Giovanni Antonio Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 9 (November 1957): 198-203.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 198; Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142240"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 429", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Heinemann, Fritz. \"Mostra Dei Guardi : Ausstellung in Venedig, Juni Bis September 1965.\" Kunstchronik / Hrsg. Vom Zentralinstitut Fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte 18 (1965): 223-246.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n170"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 159D, p. 360 - 363", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n163"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.235.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.4/1952.235.4_web.jpg", "width": "1206", "height": "893", "filesize": "819115", "filename": "1952.235.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.4/1952.235.4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2517", "filesize": "6648771", "filename": "1952.235.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.4/1952.235.4_full.tif", "width": "5285", "height": "3912", "filesize": "62059688", "filename": "1952.235.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 129805, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1952.235", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:40.943000"}, {"id": 108829, "accession_number": "1926.504", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vaulted Staircase, c. 1770\u201379. Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over graphite; framing lines in brown ink; sheet: 44.1 x 28.2 cm (17 3/8 x 11 1/8 in.); secondary support: 52.9 x 38.7 cm (20 13/16 x 15 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1926.504", "current_location": null, "title": "Vaulted Staircase", "creation_date": "c. 1770\u201379", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over graphite; framing lines in brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, laid down on beige(1) board (18th-century mount?)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 44.1 x 28.2 cm (17 3/8 x 11 1/8 in.); Secondary Support: 52.9 x 38.7 cm (20 13/16 x 15 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.441, "width": 0.282}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.529, "width": 0.387}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "by artist, center, in brown ink: [Villaporta?] / nel S[illegible] / [illegible] / Stroganoff; verso of secondary support, upper left, in red chalk: fragonard delt / Collection de M Denon Directeur du Mus\u00e9e Napoleon\r\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357112, "title": "Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America", "description": "Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (January 1-31, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361101, "title": "Interpretations of Architecture in Drawings and Prints from the Renaissance from Le Corbusier", "description": "Interpretations of Architecture in Drawings and Prints from the Renaissance from Le Corbusier. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (December 15, 1939-January 8, 1940).", "opening_date": "1939-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356677, "title": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums", "description": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360891, "title": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces", "description": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces. Society of the Four Arts (organizer) (December 12, 1952-January 4, 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442444, "title": "Hubert Robert: Drawings and Watercolors", "description": "Hubert Robert: Drawings and Watercolors. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (November 19, 1978-February 4, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304539, "title": "Brush Drawings", "description": "Brush Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 3-May 10, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "The Lessons of the Academy. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Count Alexandre Stroganov [1733-1811], St. Petersburg", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
"], "date": "?-1825", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(P\u00e9rignon, Paris, Objets d'arts qui composent le cabinet de feu M. le Baron V. Denon, May 1-19, 1826, no. 736)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Sold as Fragonard: \"Un dessin \u00e0 la plume et au lavis, au bistre, repr\u00e9sentant un escalier sous des vo\u00fbtes.\"
"], "date": "1826", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Richard Owen, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The inscription on the panel over the arched doorway seems to refer to Robert's Russian patron, Count Alexandre Sergevitch Stroganov, who was in Paris between 1770 and 1779 and commissioned a series of monumental paintings from Robert.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80000590"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.504-vaulted-staircase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Description des objets d'arts qui composent le cabinet de feu M. le Baron V. Denon. Paris: Hippolyte Tilliard, 1826.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 178, no. 736", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portalis, Roger. Honore\u0301 Fragonard, sa vie et son oeuvre. Paris: J. Rothschild, 1889.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 300", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sizer, Theodore. \"A Drawing by Hubert Robert.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 14, no. 9 (November 1927): 143-144.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 143-144; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Duvivier, Brett. \"Intimate Aspects of Hubert Robert.\" International Studio (February 1928): pp. 74-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 19, no. 10 (December 1932): 166-169.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America. Exh. Cat. Buffalo: Albright Art Gallery, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Interpretations of Architecture in Drawings and Prints from the Renaissance Through Le Corbusier. Exh. Cat. Baltimore: Baltimore Museum of Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawing from Midwestern Museums. Exh. Cat. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shoolman, Regina and Charles Slatkin. Six Centuries of French Master Drawings in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96; Reproduced: plate 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boucher, Franc\u0327ois and Philippe Jaccottet. Le dessin franc\u0327ais au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Lausanne: Mermod, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177; Reproduced: plate 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces. Exh. Cat. Palm Beach, FL: Society of the Four Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"'Roman Ruins, Villa Pamfili': A Water-Color Drawing by Hubert Robert.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 43, no. 1 (January 1956): 9-11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 592", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. L'oeuvre dessine\u0301 de Jean-Honore\u0301 Fragonard (1732-1806): catalogue raisonne\u0301. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 3, p. 109, no. 1527", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berckenhagen, Ekhart. Die Franzo\u0308sischen Zeichnungen der Kunstbibliothek Berlin. Berlin: B. Hessling, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 333, under no. 6590", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carlson, Victor. Hubert Robert: Drawings and Watercolors. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112, no. 43; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Deriabina, Ekaterina. \"Hubert Robert et les collectionneurs russes.\" In. Hubert Robert et Saint-Pe\u0301tersbourg, 1733-1808: Les commandes de la famille impe\u0301riale et des princes russes entre 1773 et 1802, 93-107. Exh. Cat. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre and Marie-Anne Dupuy. Dominique-Vivant Denon: l'oeil de Napole\u0301on. Exh. Cat. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 515", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, p. 7, pp. 118-119, 289, no. 45; Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hunter-Stiebel, Penelope. Stroganoff: The Palace and Collections of a Russian Noble Family. Exh. Cat. Portland: Portland Art Museum, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 224", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.504", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.504/1926.504_web.jpg", "width": "593", "height": "893", "filesize": "110496", "filename": "1926.504_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.504/1926.504_print.jpg", "width": "2259", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1448197", "filename": "1926.504_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.504/1926.504_full.tif", "width": "3616", "height": "5442", "filesize": "59059416", "filename": "1926.504_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108829, "creators": [{"id": 1955, "description": "Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770\u201379", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sketch of an Imaginary Roman Building"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:21.660000"}, {"id": 129803, "accession_number": "1952.235.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tobias and the Angel, 1750s. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 70.5 x 90.5 x 6.5 cm (27 3/4 x 35 5/8 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1952.235.2", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Tobias and the Angel", "creation_date": "1750s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 70.5 x 90.5 x 6.5 cm (27 3/4 x 35 5/8 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.705, "width": 0.905, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.565, "width": 0.755}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361397, "title": "Mostra dei Guardi", "description": "Mostra dei Guardi. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (June 5-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 228379, "title": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art", "description": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Venice, Palazzo Grassi, June 5 - October 10, 1965: \"Mostra dei Guardi,\" cat. no. 59, p. 412 (as Francesco)", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Approved: Trustees' Minutes 6/21/1965", "opening_date": "1965-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oklahoma City Museum of Art (9/9/2010 - 1/2/2011): \"The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art\" , cat. no. 9, p. 55.", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Federigo Giovanelli, Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
In 1934, Rodolfo Pallucchini mentions a Guardi painting depicting the \u201cSacrifice of Abraham\u201d as possibly appearing in the 1731 will of Count Giovanni Benedetto Giovanelli. In 1964, Terisio Pignatti argued that several Guardi copies (the Cleveland paintings are all copies after paintings by other artists) listed in the 1800 inventory attached to the will of Federigo Giovanelli could be the same ones recorded in the 1731 will as executed by the \u201cFratelli Guardi.\u201d However, there are two problems with this suggestion: First, the Cleveland Guardi pictures are dated to the 1750s \u2013 twenty years after the 1731 will. Second, Alice Binion notes that the Guardi copies recorded in 1731 did not remain in the possession of the Guardi family, but rather were bequeathed to a certain Antonio de Caroli (Archivio Venice, Atti Marcello Girolamo \u2013 Testamenti 612, No. 345: \u201cAl sunominato Sigr Antonio de Caroli mio amorevole\u2026lascio le copie de quadri, che egli tiene di mia ragione, fatte dalli Fratelli Guardi\u2026\u201d). Thus, if the Cleveland Guardis are indeed those mentioned in the inventory of 1800, they would have come into the Giovanelli family\u2019s possession sometime after 1731 and would not be found in both inventories.
In his 1953 article in Burlington Magazine, \u201cA Signed Drawing by Antonio Guardi and the Problem of the Guardi Brothers,\u201d Antonio Morassi refers to the Cleveland pictures: \u201cfour canvases with scenes from the Old Testament\u2026which twenty years ago I recognized in the Neumann Gallery as works by Guardi and which, after various vicissitudes, have recently been acquired by Cleveland.\u201d If Morassi\u2019s recollection is correct, the paintings would have been with the Neumann Gallery by 1933; this date is consistent with Rodolfo Pallucchini's reference to this \u201crecently discovered\u201d Guardi painting in his L\u2019arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, published in 1934.
"], "date": "By 1933?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Francesco Pospisil, Venice, sold through Alessandro Brass to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1952.236"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This series of paintings predominantly tells the Old Testament story of Abraham and Isaac, and each of the canvases treats the interaction of humans and angels. In three works, angels appear to Abraham. However, the narrative of Tobias and the Angel comes from an entirely different book of the Bible. The blind Tobit sends his son Tobias off to collect a sum of money in the distant town of Media, with the angel Raphael accompanying him in disguise as a human. This particular work depicts Raphael overseeing Tobias catching a fish, which would later be used to cure his father's blindness.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516019"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Binion, Alice. Antonio and Francesco Guardi, Their Life and Milieu: With a Catalogue of Their Figure Drawings. New York: Garland Pub, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L'arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender, editore, 1934.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. The Eighteenth-Century Italian Schools. London: Publications Dept., National Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, Aug. 15, 1952, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nancy Coe Wixom, letter to Alessandro Bettagno, Oct. 22, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, Aug. 15, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Antonio Morassi, letter to Neumann, Nov. 24, 1937, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nancy Coe Wixom, letter to Alessandro Bettagno, Oct. 22, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio, \u201cA Signed Drawing by Antonio Guardi and the Problem of the Guardi Brothers,\u201d Burlington Magazine 95 (August 1953): 267.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. Francis, March 29, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, invoice, July 5, 1952, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. \"Four Paintings by Giovanni Antonio Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 9 (November 1957): 198-203.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 198; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142240"}, {"citation": "Heinemann, Fritz. \"Mostra Dei Guardi : Ausstellung in Venedig, Juni Bis September 1965.\" Kunstchronik / Hrsg. Vom Zentralinstitut Fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte 18 (1965): 223-246.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n170"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 159B, p. 360 - 363", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n163"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.235.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_web.jpg", "width": "1204", "height": "893", "filesize": "753400", "filename": "1952.235.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2521", "filesize": "6024991", "filename": "1952.235.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_full.tif", "width": "5316", "height": "3941", "filesize": "62884544", "filename": "1952.235.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "893", "filesize": "738769"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2531", "filesize": "5437201"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4975", "height": "3703", "filesize": "55292788"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1184", "height": "893", "filesize": "795611"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2565", "filesize": "6679593"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3772", "filesize": "56605276"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "836314"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "5195999"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.235.2/1952.235.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50026844"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 129803, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1952.235", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:05.814000"}, {"id": 150986, "accession_number": "1982.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Waterfall of Marmore at Terni, 1776\u201378. Philipp Hackert (German, 1737\u20131807). Pen and black ink, brush and brown wash, with white gouache and graphite; sheet: 52.2 x 39.9 cm (20 9/16 x 15 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1982.40", "current_location": null, "title": "The Waterfall of Marmore at Terni", "creation_date": "1776\u201378", "creation_date_earliest": 1776, "creation_date_latest": 1778, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and black ink, brush and brown wash, with white gouache and graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - German", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 52.2 x 39.9 cm (20 9/16 x 15 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.522, "width": 0.399}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on fragments of old mount, now removed, in brown ink: No. 177. 13. [crossed out] / No: 17.; in graphite: No [\"o\" underlined] 27.; in graphite: 116\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "The Year in Review for 1982. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311557, "title": "The German Tradition", "description": "The German Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 361550, "title": "Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy", "description": "Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland (organizer) (June 11-August 31, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Galerie Gerda Bassenge (Auktionskatalog Nr. 11), Berlin, 23-27 April 1968, Nr. 581", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "with Lucien Goldschmidt, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "with Sven H.A. Bruntjen, Woodside, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1982", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This work recalls the words written by the artist's close friend, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who declared that an artist should \"give his work of art a content and a form through which it appears both natural and beyond Nature.\"", "description": "Influenced by the landscapes of Claude Lorrain and seventeenth-century Dutch artists, the German Jakob Philipp Hackert was one of the most successful landscape artists based in late 18th-century Rome. His precise renderings of beautiful and historic sites attracted an international clientele on the European grand tour. This finished drawing depicts one of Italy's most spectacular natural phenomena, the Marmore waterfall at Terni, located north of Rome. Hackert carefully crafted the composition so that the detailed cliffs covered with foliage frame the tiered cascade from its soaring heights to its final emptying in the foreground. Hackert was known for traveling to the countryside on foot with large portfolios so that he could execute complete wash drawings like this one directly in nature. He probably drew this scene during one such sketching tour in 1776, or 1778.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79934068"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.40-the-waterfall-of-mar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kr\u00f6nig, Wolfgang. 1971. \"Sepia-zeichnungen aus der Umgebung Neapels von Philipp Hackert\". Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch / Hrsg. Im Auftr. Der Freunde Des Wallraf-Richartz-Museums Und Des Museums Ludwig E.V., K\u00f6ln. 175-204.", "page_number": "p. 192.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldfarb, Hilliard, \"Defining 'Naive and Sentimental' Landscape. Schiller, Hackert, Koch, and the Romantic Experience,\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982: pp. 282-296.", "page_number": "pp. 281, 286-88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wallraf-Richartz-Museum. Heroismus und Idylle: Formen der Landschaft um 1800 : bei Jacob Philipp Hackert, Joseph Anton Koch und Johann Christian Reinhart : [Ausstellung]. Koln: Wallraf-Richartz-Museum, 1984.", "page_number": "pp. 98-99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nordhoff, Claudia, and Hans Reimer. Jakob Philipp Hackert, 1737-1807: Verzeichnis seiner Werke. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1994.", "page_number": "2:54, under no. 131, 434-35, no. 1140, 438, under no. 1150", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chiarini, Paolo. Il paesaggio secondo natura: Jacob Philipp Hackert e la sua cerchia. Roma: Artemide, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 216, under no. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilcox, Timothy. Francis Towne. London: Tate Gallery Pub, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 138-38, under no. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weidner, Thomas, and Philipp Hackert. Jakob Philipp Hackert: Landschaftsmaler im 18. Jahrhundert. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 87, 221, nos. 54, 60.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe, Jo\u0308rg Zutter, and Pierre Chessex. Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: un peintre suisse en Italie. Milan: Skira, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 64, p. 10, pp.158-59, p.292-93; Reproduced: 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe, and Pierre Chessex. Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy. Dublin: National Gallery of Ireland, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ducros, Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe, and Pierre Chessex. Abraham-Louis-Rodolphe Ducros: A Swiss Painter in Italy. [Dublin]: National Gallery of Ireland, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilli, Attilio, Simonetta Neri, and Gabriella Tomassini. La Cascata delle Marmore: Uno scenario del Grand Tour XVII-XVIII secolo. Castello: Edimond, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nordhoff, Claudia, \"Der grosse Weg\" : Jakob Philipp Hackert als Zeichner nach der Natur. Pantheon. 58 (2000): 128-137.", "page_number": "p. 128", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.40/1982.40_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "252954", "filename": "1982.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.40/1982.40_print.jpg", "width": "2601", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2640215", "filename": "1982.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.40/1982.40_full.tif", "width": "11456", "height": "14975", "filesize": "514694544", "filename": "1982.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150986, "creators": [{"id": 2962, "description": "Philipp Hackert (German, 1737\u20131807)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "After having been given a basic artistic education by his father and uncle, who were both painters, Jakob Philipp Hackert attended the drawing classes of Blaise Nicholas le Sueur (1716-1783), the director of the Berlin Academy, in 1758. With an early interest in landscape painting, Hackert began copying the works of Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) and Dutch seventeenth-century artists. He traveled in northern Germany where he received commissions for decorative cycles in Stralsund and R\u00fcgen, and in 1764 he visited Sweden. From 1765 until 1768 Hackert lived in Paris, where he met landscape and marine painter Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) and eventually invited his brother Johann Gottlieb Hackert (1744-1773), also a landscape painter, to join him. In Paris Jakob Philipp's popular paintings, gouaches, and drawings were already being reproduced in print form. In 1768 the Hackert brothers left for Rome, which would remain their main residence until 1786, although they made countless trips in search of different types of landscape. In 1770 they visited Naples, a city that, with its natural and cultural treasures, was an important destination for any traveler to Italy. In 1771 Hackert received an important commission from Catherine II of Russia to paint a series of canvases depicting Russia's sea victory over Turkey, and this truly established his reputation. One year later his brother traveled to London in order to bring commissioned paintings to British clients; he became ill, however, and died in Bath. Jakob Philipp called his other brother, Georg Hackert (1755-1805), to Rome in order for him to engrave his paintings. Hackert's work found many prominent buyers, and he turned down an offer to become court painter in Russia. In 1782 he traveled to Naples again and was introduced to King Ferdinand IV, who commissioned several works. Four years later Hackert became his court painter. In 1787 he met several times with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) during the latter's stay in Naples; Goethe recorded their meetings in his Italienische Reise (Italian Journey, 1816-17). Goethe admired his works, and it was he who eventually urged Hackert to write his autobiog-raphy, which Goethe adapted and published after Hackert's death. Political unrest caused the royal family to seek refuge in Palermo in 1798, and the arrival of French troops in Naples one year later forced Hackert to leave the city and his comfortable existence at court. After a year in Pisa, Hackert and his brother settled in Florence in 1800. Three years later Hackert bought a nearby estate in San Pietro di Careggi, where he worked and made careful studies of rocks, trees, and plants, which he regarded as the basis of his landscapes. Among a few other works Hackert wrote one short treatise on the use of varnish, Sull'uso della vernice nella pittura (1788), and one on landscape painting, Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zum richtigen und geschmackvollen Landschafts-Zeichnen nach der Natur (n.d.).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1737", "death_year": "1807", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1776, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1776\u201378", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Waterfall at Terni"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:53.811000"}, {"id": 135180, "accession_number": "1958.206", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chrysanthemums by a Stream, c. 1715\u201330 or later. Possibly by Ogata K\u014drin (Japanese, 1658\u20131716). Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on gilded paper; overall: 163.2 x 369.9 cm (64 1/4 x 145 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1958.206", "current_location": null, "title": "Chrysanthemums by a Stream", "creation_date": "c. 1715\u201330 or later", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 163.2 x 369.9 cm (64 1/4 x 145 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.632, "width": 3.699}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u8749\u5ddd\u672b\u6d3e\u96a0\u58eb\u3000\u6cd5\u6a4b\u5149\u7433\u3000\u65b9\u795d\uff08\u6731\u4e38\u5370\uff09", "inscription_translation": "Transcription: Semikawa mappa inshi; H\u014dky\u014d K\u014drin; H\u014dshuku\nTranslation: Recluse of the later day Semikawa; Bridge of the Law K\u014drin; H\u014dshuku (red round seal)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520190, "title": "A World of Flowers", "description": "A World of Flowers. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (May 2-June 9, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310278, "title": "Rimpa Painting", "description": "Rimpa Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13\u2013November 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-11-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka & Co., sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The signature used on these screens can perhaps indicate paintings made in the last year of the artist's life, or works completed by his studio after his death.", "description": "These screens recall a painting style so closely identified with Ogata K\u014drin (1658\u20131716) that it is called Rinpa, or \u201cRin School,\u201d after the ideograph \u201crin\u201d in his name. The highly stylized background accentuates floral groupings that have been groomed so as to appear utterly artificial, like the synthetic arrangements available today. K\u014drin's genius derived in large measure from natural phenomena painstakingly observed and then manipulated to create compositions of startling refinement and sparkling isolation. This process may have grown out of K\u014drin's early immersion in the family textile business, a medium that encourages such dramatic distillations of form: the stream's gold-crested waves bring to mind traditional kimono robe designs of K\u014drin's era. Works with the signature seen on this painting, including a style name, or persona suggested to K\u014drin by his brother Kenzan (1663\u20131743), are sometimes considered to have been produced either in the last year of his life, when he was very ill, or after his death. In both scenarios, the lion\u2019s share of the work would have been done by studio assistants, but little is truly known of his studio practice. Given the regularity of the gold waves on the stream, and the tension in the arrangement of the chrysanthemums, it is also possible that the screens were made in emulation of K\u014drin's designs by a later artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517689"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.206-chrysanthemums-by-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 80\u201381, cat. no. 80", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n95"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n306"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n306"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cS\u014dsetsu and Flowers.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 8 (November 1970): 263\u2013271.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 269\u2013270, fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152343"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 381", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n401"}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 12.95, p. 573", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \"Discovering Japanese Screens.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 41, no. 6 (Summer 2001): 4\u20135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 4\u20135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 62\u201363, cat. no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korin ten: kokuho\u0304 \"Kakitsubatazu\" to Metoroporitan Bijutsukan shozo\u0304 \"Yatsuhashizu\" [Irises and Eight bridges: masterpieces by Ko\u0304rin from the Nezu Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art = \u5149\u7433\u5c55 : \u56fd\u5b9d\u300c\u71d5\u5b50\u82b1\u56f3\u300d\u3068\u30e1\u30c8\u30ed\u30dd\u30ea\u30bf\u30f3\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u6240\u8535\u300c\u516b\u6a4b\u56f3\u300d]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nezu Bijutsukan, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.206", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206/1958.206_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "822", "filesize": "", "filename": "1958.206_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206/1958.206_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3104", "filesize": "", "filename": "1958.206_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206/1958.206_full.tif", "width": "18968", "height": "17317", "filesize": "", "filename": "1958.206_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-03-05T14:16:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206/1958.206_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "400", "filesize": "145792"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206/1958.206_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1511", "filesize": "1740217"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206/1958.206_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4009", "height": "1782", "filesize": "21457176"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-25T11:27:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206/1958.206_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "406", "filesize": "152235"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206/1958.206_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1533", "filesize": "1489890"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206/1958.206_alt1_full.tif", "width": "33832", "height": "15256", "filesize": "1548455164"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135180, "creators": [{"id": 11285, "description": "Ogata K\u014drin (Japanese, 1658\u20131716)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "possibly by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u5c3e\u5f62\u5149\u7433", "birth_year": "1658", "death_year": "1716", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-02-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1715\u201330 or later", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:24.089000"}, {"id": 142469, "accession_number": "1966.234", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Group of the Festival at the Chateau (La f\u00eate au ch\u00e2teau) or the Model Fidelity (La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 mod\u00e8le), 1766. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Etienne-Maurice Falconet (French, 1716\u20131791), after a design by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit); overall: 21 x 16.5 x 15.9 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/2 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1966.234", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure Group of the Festival at the Chateau (La f\u00eate au ch\u00e2teau) or the Model Fidelity (La fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 mod\u00e8le)", "creation_date": "1766", "creation_date_earliest": 1766, "creation_date_latest": 1766, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 16.5 x 15.9 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/2 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "width": 0.165, "depth": 0.159}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "'B' incised on top of base", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The incised 'B' indicates that the figure was made during the period from 1766-1773 when Jean-Jacques Bachelier was the director of the sculpture department at Sevres for the second time. [Donna Corbin research, entered by ckang, Feb 2022]", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The introduction of S\u00e8vres porcelain figures modeled after the Op\u00e9ra-Comique\u2019s theatrical productions may have resulted from the friendship between Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, designer of many early S\u00e8vres porcelain figures, and Charles-Sim\u00e9on Favart, director of the theater in 1758.", "description": "Recognizable porcelain figures and figure groups modeled after contemporary theatrical works produced by the Parisian company Op\u00e9ra-Comique were produced at the Vincennes factory as early as 1752. This group illustrates a scene from a play credited to Charles-Sim\u00e9on Favart, F\u00eate au Ch\u00e2teau (Festival at the Castle), when the gardener Jacquot and his love Colette reunite.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780878"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.234-figure-group-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Goupil, 1909.", "page_number": "Vol. 1, p. 63; vol. 2, p. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Les Biscuits de la manufacture nationale de Sevres, XVIIIe siecle & XIXe siecle. Paris: A. Guerinet, 1910.", "page_number": "pl. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile, and Georges Lechevallier-Chevignard. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres: recueil des mode\u0300les de la manufacture de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: P. Lafitte, 1914.", "page_number": "no. 304, pl. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Re\u0301au, Louis. Etienne-Maurice Falconet. Paris: Demotte, 1922.", "page_number": "p. 269, 514", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. Les oeuvres de la Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. Vol. 1, La sculpture de 1738 \u00e0 1815. Paris: Ministe\u0300re d'e\u0301tat charge\u0301 des affaires culturelles, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 10, no. 314", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Biscuits de S\u00e8vres.\" Cahiers de la C\u00e9ramique et des arts de feu (1967).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berges, Ruth. \"Soft-Paste Biscuit Figures from Vincennes and Se\u0300vres.\" Connoisseur, vol. 166, no. 669 (November 1967).", "page_number": "p. 194-99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e national de ce\u0301ramique. Se\u0300vres, Muse\u0301e national de ce\u0301ramique: nouvelles acquisitions, 1979-1989. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 173, no. 246", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Falconet a\u0300 Se\u0300vres, 1757-1766, ou, L'art de plaire. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 156-57", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.234", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.234/1966.234_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "893", "filesize": "316886", "filename": "1966.234_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.234/1966.234_print.jpg", "width": "3031", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4208098", "filename": "1966.234_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.234/1966.234_full.tif", "width": "3196", "height": "3585", "filesize": "34405496", "filename": "1966.234_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-14T15:46:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "279248"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2787", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3827075"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2957", "height": "3607", "filesize": "32029660"}}, {"date_created": "2007-06-14T15:51:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "893", "filesize": "283554"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2843", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3897359"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2890", "height": "3456", "filesize": "29995500"}}, {"date_created": "2007-06-14T15:58:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "797", "height": "893", "filesize": "320073"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3034", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4240285"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.234/1966.234_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3156", "height": "3537", "filesize": "33521040"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142469, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 12835, "description": "Etienne-Maurice Falconet (French, 1716\u20131791)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "modeled by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1716", "death_year": "1791", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1766, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1766", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The F\u00eate at the Ch\u00e2teau"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:36.715000"}, {"id": 122167, "accession_number": "1942.490", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Butterfield Sundial, 1700s. France, 18th century. Silver; overall: 7.7 x 7.4 cm (3 1/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Henry W. Kent, 1942.490", "current_location": null, "title": "Butterfield Sundial", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 7.7 x 7.4 cm (3 1/16 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.077, "width": 0.074}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Engraved signature above the compass in ribbon band]: \"N. BION A Paris\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved on the face of the sundial]: \u201cPour 55\u00b0 4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11 50\u00b0 IIII-V-VI-VII-VIII-IX-X-XI 45\u00b0 5-6-7-8-9-10-11 40\u00b0 -VI-VII-VIII-IX-X-XI'", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved on the other side]: \"Pour 55\u00b0 -8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-0 50\u00b0-VIII-VII-VI-V-IIII-III-II-I 45\u00b0-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 40\u00b0-VII-VI-V-IIII-III-II-I\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved around the compass]: \u201cNORD-OUEST-SUD-EST\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved on the back of the sundial]: \u201cTurin 44 Milan 46 Paris 49 Lion 46 Metz 49 Rome 42 Liege 51 Naples 44 Namur 50 Gennes 44 Marseille 43 Grenoble 45 Bayonne 43 Bruxelle 51 Londres 52 Nantes 47 Vienne 48 Toulon 43 Tours 47 Lille 51\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved around the back of the compass]: \u201cVenise 45 Strasbourg 49 Amsterdam 52 Hambourg 54 Varsovie 52 La Rochelle 46\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "Gallery One 2012. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Butterfield-style sundials were named after Micheal Butterfield, an English scientific and mathematical instrument maker who worked in Paris between 1674 and 1724.", "description": "Butterfield-type sundials are characterized by their adjustable gnomons, metal flaps that cast a shadow on the dial\u2019s face to indicate the hour, and geographical indices. This sundial has a scale adjustable between latitudes of 40\u00b0 to 60\u00b0 north. The latitudes of 26 European towns are engraved on its back for quick reference. With an intricately engraved silver face, it would have functioned as a fashionable traveler\u2019s accessory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018390"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.490-butterfield-sundial"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.490", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.490/1942.490_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "137583", "filename": "1942.490_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.490/1942.490_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3093", "filesize": "1159442", "filename": "1942.490_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.490/1942.490_full.tif", "width": "3996", "height": "3636", "filesize": "43628264", "filename": "1942.490_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-03-14T15:08:03.089000", "annotation": 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Kent", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122167, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-05-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sundial Compass"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:44.642000"}, {"id": 136933, "accession_number": "1961.41", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sanjo Kantaro II in the Role of Urashima Taro, early 1700s. Kaigetsud\u014d Ando (Japanese, c. 1671\u20131743). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; painting only: 105.7 x 59.4 cm (41 5/8 x 23 3/8 in.); including mounting: 189.2 x 64.7 cm (74 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund and various donors, by exchange, 1961.41", "current_location": null, "title": "Sanjo Kantaro II in the Role of Urashima Taro", "creation_date": "early 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 105.7 x 59.4 cm (41 5/8 x 23 3/8 in.); Including mounting: 189.2 x 64.7 cm (74 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 1.057, "width": 0.594}, "including mounting": {"height": 1.892, "width": 0.647}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Nihon giga Kaigetsud\u014d Ando kore [o] zu [su]. \n\u3010\u5370\u3011 \u5b89\u5ea6", "inscription_translation": "Artist's signature: Japanese painting for amusement, this was painted by Kaigetsudo.\nArtist's seal: Ando", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "31-syllable waka poem inscribed on the upper portion of the painting.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445440, "title": "Ukiyo-e Prints and Paintings: The Primitive Period", "description": "Ukiyo-e Prints and Paintings: The Primitive Period. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 4-December 26, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 178454, "title": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections", "description": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Japanese Painters of the Floating World: [Exhibition]. Andrew Dickson White Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY (April-June, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-04-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Later Japanese Rotation (Gallery 113). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 18-June 8, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 236). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 13\u2013November 16, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-11-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Harry C. Nail [1909\u20131990], El Dorado, Arkansas, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The hexagonal design on the actor's robe represents the patterning of a tortoise\u2019s carapace.", "description": "Sanjo Kantaro II was a Kabuki actor who specialized in playing youths (wakashu) and female roles (onnagata). He is shown here in the role of Urashima Taro. He rescues a tortoise, and as a reward, the tortoise carries him to the undersea palace of the Dragon King. He believes he has spent but three days there with the Dragon King's daughter; however, when he returns to the shore, he finds 300 years have passed. The actor holds a fishing pole, indicating his occupation as a fisherman. The upper portion of the painting contains a 31-syllable waka poem.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466024"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.41-sanjo-kantaro-ii-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yoshida, Teruji \u5409\u7530\u668e\u4e8c . Ukiyo-e Taisei \u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u5927\u6210. Vol. 2To\u0304kyo\u0304: \u6771\u65b9\u66f8\u9662, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 227", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 100; cat. no. 99", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n119"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 284", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n308"}, {"citation": "Young, Martie W. and Robert J. Smith. Japanese Painters of the Floating World: [Exhibition]. Ithaca, NY: Office of University Publications, Cornell University, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 19, pp. 18 and 88\u201389", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 284", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n308"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 384", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n404"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.41", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.41/1961.41_web.jpg", "width": "449", "height": "893", "filesize": "284076", "filename": "1961.41_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.41/1961.41_print.jpg", "width": "1710", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3169286", "filename": "1961.41_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.41/1961.41_full.tif", "width": "2514", "height": "5000", "filesize": "37735056", "filename": "1961.41_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.41/1961.41_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "357", "height": "893", "filesize": "223585"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.41/1961.41_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1361", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2712507"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.41/1961.41_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2002", "height": "5000", "filesize": "30053728"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund and various donors, by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136933, "creators": [{"id": 34755, "description": "Kaigetsud\u014d Ando (Japanese, c. 1671\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u61d0\u6708\u5802 \u5b89\u5ea6", "birth_year": "1671", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Actor Sanjo Kantaro", "The Kabuki Actor Sanj\u014d Kantar\u014d"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:09.611000"}, {"id": 142315, "accession_number": "1966.143", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ravana addresses Sita in the garden of Lanka, from Chapters 53 and 54 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey), c. 1725. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, gold, and silver on paper; painting: 55.5 x 79 cm (21 7/8 x 31 1/8 in.); overall: 56.3 x 81 cm (22 3/16 x 31 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of George P. Bickford, 1966.143", "current_location": null, "title": "Ravana addresses Sita in the garden of Lanka, from Chapters 53 and 54 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)", "creation_date": "c. 1725", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1730, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, gold, and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 55.5 x 79 cm (21 7/8 x 31 1/8 in.); Overall: 56.3 x 81 cm (22 3/16 x 31 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.555, "width": 0.79}, "overall": {"height": 0.563, "width": 0.81}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 222298, "title": "The Rama Epic: Hero, Heroine, Ally, Foe", "description": "The Rama Epic: Hero, Heroine, Ally, Foe. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 21, 2016-January 15, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 293147, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 10-November 6, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Rajput Painting. Asia House, New York, NY (December 3, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-12-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Hindu and Muslim Art of India. Duke University Museum of Art, Durham, NC (February 20-April 20, 1985); Dixon Gallery and Gardens, Memphis, TN (May 1-June 1, 1985); J.B. Speed Museum, Louisville, KY (July 10-August 30, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-20T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raja Raghunath Singh of Guler", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ananda K. Coomaraswamy [1877\u20131947]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "George P. Bickford [1901\u20131991] and Clara Louise Gehring Bickford [1903\u20131985], Cleveland Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ravana\u2019s wives take the forms of beautiful women and fearsome demonesses.", "description": "The viewer is cut off from Lanka by the surrounding sea and the city\u2019s golden walls in this expansive composition probably intended for courtly display This choice of perspective cleverly emphasizes the captivity of the Sita, faithful wife of the hero Rama. She kneels beneath an ashoka tree, guarded by demonesses. The princess\u2019s abductor, the 10-headed and 20-armed demon lord of Lanka, Ravana, appears twice in the image. In the palace, he consults his council of minions. At the right, he hears Sita\u2019s refusal to marry him. Ravana neither harms her, nor sets her free.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469558"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.143-ravana-addresses-sit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jain-Neubauer, Jutta. The Ramayana in Pahari Miniature Painting. Ahmedabad: LD Institute of Indology, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 5, plate XI, fig. 22, pp. 38-39.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gilbert, Rita, and William McCarter. Living with Art. New York: Alfred A Knopf, Inc., 1988. 2nd edition.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 66, p. 60.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Diane de Selliers, ed., Ra\u0304ma\u0304yan\u0323a. Volume V. Paris, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: H. N. Abrams, 1994. 5th edition.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215, color plate 24.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 73A, pp. 76-77", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n263"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n263"}, {"citation": "Archer, W. G. Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills; A Survey and History of Pahari Miniature Painting. London: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 1: 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 309", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n329"}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 172-173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Takac Panza, Jane \"Mr. Bickford's Asian Adventures\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 05, May/June 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-05/page/10"}, {"citation": "Brommer, Gerald F. Discovering Art History. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goswamy, B. N. Manaku of Guler: The Life and Work of Another Great Indian Painter from a Small Hill State. New Delhi: Artibus Asiae Publishers [with] Niyogi Books, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67, cat. C5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dixit, Rita. \"Tracing Rama's Footsteps: Through Lanka's Landscape.\" Asian Art: the Newspaper for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries 24, i. 4 (March 2021): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biardeau, Madeleine, and Porcher, Marie-Claude. Ra\u0304ma\u0304yan\u0323a: Illustre\u0301 par les Miniatures Indiennes du XVIe au XIXe Sie\u0300cle. Pairs: Diane de Selliers, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 246-247.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.143", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.143/1966.143_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "641", "filesize": "336991", "filename": "1966.143_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.143/1966.143_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2420", "filesize": "3625333", "filename": "1966.143_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.143/1966.143_full.tif", "width": "15919", "height": "11331", "filesize": "541172876", "filename": "1966.143_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-05-07T18:34:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1252", "height": "893", "filesize": "972056"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2425", "filesize": "7517748"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6292", "height": "4489", "filesize": "84764716"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1260", "height": "893", "filesize": "1051453"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1452", "filesize": "2798828"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1452", "filesize": "8924172"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-07T18:41:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1142", "height": "893", "filesize": "943008"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2659", "filesize": "8019528"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6332", "height": "4952", "filesize": "94099796"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-07T18:48:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "893", "filesize": "579991"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2515", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8704736"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.143/1966.143_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4729", "height": "6391", "filesize": "90701628"}}], "creditline": "Gift of George P. Bickford", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142315, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1725", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "In this large painting on paper, a subdued Sita is depicted in a lush garden surrounded by her captors, a golden castle wall, and a moat. Prior to entering the CMA collection, the painting had incurred several losses to the image whereby the surface layers\u2014paint and paper\u2014were skinned away. In 1984, losses at the perimeter of the composition were structurally repaired and partially retouched for better visual integration, but noticeable losses remained in the spikes on the castle wall and grassy lawn. The conspicuous location of the loss in front of the kneeling Sita and in line with her downward gaze has caused viewers to wonder if something relating to the narrative\u2014and the object of Sita\u2019s attention\u2014had been purposely effaced. With the advantage of being able to inspect the painting closely, there was no question that the location of the loss was accidental and its character entirely consistent with the other major structural damages scattered in the painting, all likely caused by something becoming stuck to the surface and then roughly pulled away. To prevent misinterpretation, a structural and cosmetic conservation treatment was designed to restore visual continuity to the grassy lawn as much as possible. Treatment entailed the following steps: 1) cleaning the area of loss to remove accumulated surface dirt, 2) building up the substrate to receive a toned paper insert that when precisely positioned and adhered would lie flush with the surface, and 3) further disguising the pre-toned insert with inpainting. As is often the case with inpainting, visually tying the repair into the surrounding original material was most challenging where the surrounding material was also altered. This discontinuity is apparent above the insert where the green had been altered to have a bluish cast and below the insert where the green had perhaps shifted to a darker, brown-tinged hue.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sita in the Garden of Lanka with Ravana and His Demons. The Siege of the Lanka Sequence from the Ramayana", "Sita in the Garden of Lanka, From the Ramayana epic of Valmiki"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:46.265000"}, {"id": 95470, "accession_number": "1916.1208", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rumal with Vishnu temple and subsidiary shrines, 1700s. Northern India, Pahari Kingdom of Chamba. Silk and silver embroidery on cotton tabby ground; overall: 62.2 x 63.5 cm (24 1/2 x 25 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1208", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Rumal with Vishnu temple and subsidiary shrines", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari Kingdom of Chamba"], "technique": "Silk and silver embroidery on cotton tabby ground", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 62.2 x 63.5 cm (24 1/2 x 25 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.622, "width": 0.635}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312068, "title": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East", "description": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-March 21, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This reversible embroidery was made using double-sided satin stitch, so the pictorial composition can be viewed from both sides.", "description": "Two women bring gifts of pure water in a golden pot along with a flower garland to the four-armed blue Vishnu, whose favorite plant, the Tulsi basil, grows in an altar in front of the temple. Ten more shrines round out the sacred complex. To the upper right, the temple of Shiva with his trident stands next to that of his red, elephant-headed son, Ganesha. To the lower left, there appears to be temples to the sun and moon.
Silver threads used to denote jewelry have tarnished and appear black. The unfinished border reveals that outlines and stitches for the vines were sewn last.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79476975"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1208-rumal-handkerchief", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1208-rumal-with-vishnu-te"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1208", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1208/1916.1208_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "885", "filesize": "398203", "filename": "1916.1208_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1208/1916.1208_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3344", "filesize": "6416931", "filename": "1916.1208_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1208/1916.1208_full.tif", "width": "9879", "height": "9715", "filesize": "287958712", "filename": "1916.1208_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-02-07T08:44:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1208/1916.1208_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "863", "filesize": "321070"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1208/1916.1208_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3261", "filesize": "3941287"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1208/1916.1208_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5999", "height": "5754", "filesize": "103592324"}}, {"date_created": "2024-07-02T09:15:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1208/1916.1208_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "885", "filesize": "412043"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1208/1916.1208_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3343", "filesize": "6631566"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1208/1916.1208_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9880", "height": "9715", "filesize": "287988340"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95470, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "In the case of this reversible embroidery, the curator wants to display it in the center of the Indian Paintings gallery (242b) so that the visitor can walk around it and see both sides. This required a special mount, a detail of which is seen here. Stitches around the perimeter of this rumal secure the embroidery to the perimeter of the plexi, almost like a trampoline. With nonglare glazing added to both sides, the textile can be displayed vertically and both sides can be seen.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rumal (Handkerchief)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:29.019000"}, {"id": 143917, "accession_number": "1968.30.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Trophy Cup, 1792\u201393. Peter Bateman (British, 1740\u20131825), Anne Bateman (British, 1748\u20131813). Silver gilt; overall: 59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous gift in memory of Margaret Quayle Kerruish; the Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, and various donors by exchange, 1968.30.a", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Trophy Cup", "creation_date": "1792\u201393", "creation_date_earliest": 1792, "creation_date_latest": 1793, "artists_tags": ["female", "male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.597, "width": 0.4}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Engraved arms: Grosvenor impaling Egerton and Grey (arms of Robert Grosvenor (1767\u20131845), the first Marquess of Westminster, and Lady Eleanor Egerton (1770\u20131846))", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This trophy cup has a lid. See cover record.", "description": "Silver fulfilled a prominent role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life during the 1600s and 1700s. Elaborate forms such as this trophy, with its swags of flowers, neoclassical rosettes, and acanthus spears, not only represented wealth in its sheer silver weight but also provided royal and aristocratic owners a surface for displaying engraved coats of arms. Engraved on one side of this trophy cup can be found the arms of Robert Grosvenor (1767\u20131845), the first Marquess of Westminster, and Lady Eleanor Egerton (1770\u20131846), whom he married in 1794, a year after the trophy\u2019s completion. The other side depicts preparations for a horserace, the most culturally significant leisure activity enjoyed by aristocratic families in the 1700s. Grosvenor owned a number of famous horses and was likely awarded this trophy following a successful race.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779213"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.30.a-trophy-cup"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.30.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_web.jpg", "width": "793", "height": "900", "filesize": "196819", "filename": "1968.30.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_print.jpg", "width": "2995", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1282359", "filename": "1968.30.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_full.tif", "width": "8626", "height": "9793", "filesize": "253449148", "filename": "1968.30.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-03-09T16:37:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "900", "filesize": "167872"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2539", "height": "3400", "filesize": "963889"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7470", "height": "10003", "filesize": "224192164"}}, {"date_created": "2020-03-09T16:39:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "793", "height": "900", "filesize": "193999"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2997", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1237557"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8803", "height": "9988", "filesize": "263798824"}}, {"date_created": "2020-03-09T16:56:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "900", "filesize": "165607"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2412", "height": "3400", "filesize": "952460"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7271", "height": "10249", "filesize": "223586364"}}, {"date_created": "2020-03-09T16:59:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "604", "filesize": "243592"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1678", "height": "1127", "filesize": "576437"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1678", "height": "1127", "filesize": "5699864"}}, {"date_created": "2020-03-09T17:01:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "840", "height": "900", "filesize": "294213"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3175", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1969396"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.a/1968.30.a_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4113", "height": "4405", "filesize": "54382132"}}], "creditline": "Anonymous gift in memory of Margaret Quayle Kerruish; the Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, and various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143917, "creators": [{"id": 8963, "description": "Peter Bateman (British, 1740\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Peter Bateman, second son of Hester Bateman, bon 1740. Apprenticed to Richard Clarke, husband of his sister Letitia. Married first, Elizabeth Beaver (widow) 1763, and second Sarah - 1776. Lived at 86 Bunhill Row. First mark entered in partnership with Jonathan, 7 December 1790, and six further marks on 9 December. On Jonathan's death entered mark with Ann and William, January 1800. \r\nFourth mark with William, 8 November 1805. Probably retired in 1815 on entry of William Bateman's single mark. He died 19 November 1825, leaving in his will \u00a350 each to the Evangelical Institution at Newport Pagnall and the Baptist Academy, Stepney. In 1805 he gave a chandelier to the Meeting House at Newport Pagnall, whose minister William Bull, intimate of the poet Cowper, was a friend of the goldsmith and whose son, the Rev. T. B. Bull married Letitia, daughter of Jonathan and Ann Bateman.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1740", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 21370, "description": "Anne Bateman (British, 1748\u20131813)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Ann Bateman, born Dowling 1748. Married Jonathan Bateman 1769 at St. Luke\u2019s, Old Street. On her husband\u2019s death in 1791 joined her brother-in-law Peter in partnership, their mark entered 2 May 1791. Address: Bunhill Row. Her son William was added to the partnership in January 1800. She retired in 1805 and died before 1813.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1813", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1792, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1792\u201393", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1968.30", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:57.865000"}, {"id": 143918, "accession_number": "1968.30.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cover for a Trophy Cup, 1792\u201393. Firm of Peter Bateman (British, 1740\u20131825). Silver gilt; overall: 59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous gift in memory of Margaret Quayle Kerruish; the Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, and various donors by exchange, 1968.30.b", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Cover for a Trophy Cup", "creation_date": "1792\u201393", "creation_date_earliest": 1792, "creation_date_latest": 1793, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 59.7 x 40 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.597, "width": 0.4}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is a lid to a trophy cup. See cover record.", "description": "Silver fulfilled a prominent role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life during the 1600s and 1700s. Elaborate forms such as the trophy that accompanies this lid, with its swags of flowers, neoclassical rosettes, and acanthus spears, not only represented wealth in its sheer silver weight but also provided royal and aristocratic owners a surface for displaying engraved coats of arms. Engraved on one side of the trophy cup can be found the arms of Robert Grosvenor (1767\u20131845), the first Marquess of Westminster, and Lady Eleanor Egerton (1770\u20131846), whom he married in 1794, a year after the trophy\u2019s completion. The other side depicts preparations for a horserace, the most culturally significant leisure activity enjoyed by aristocratic families in the 1700s. Grosvenor owned a number of famous horses and was likely awarded this trophy following a successful race.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750332"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.30.b-cover-for-a-trophy-c"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.30.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30.b/1968.30.b_web.jpg", "width": "824", "height": "900", "filesize": "166316", "filename": "1968.30.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30.b/1968.30.b_print.jpg", "width": "3112", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1036577", "filename": "1968.30.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.30.b/1968.30.b_full.tif", "width": "5694", "height": "6221", "filesize": "106292060", "filename": "1968.30.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-03-09T17:05:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.b/1968.30.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "898", "height": "900", "filesize": "237279"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.b/1968.30.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3392", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1667592"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.30.b/1968.30.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5378", "height": "5391", "filesize": "87005880"}}], "creditline": "Anonymous gift in memory of Margaret Quayle Kerruish; the Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, and various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143918, "creators": [{"id": 8963, "description": "Peter Bateman (British, 1740\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "firm of", "role": "artist", "biography": "Peter Bateman, second son of Hester Bateman, bon 1740. Apprenticed to Richard Clarke, husband of his sister Letitia. Married first, Elizabeth Beaver (widow) 1763, and second Sarah - 1776. Lived at 86 Bunhill Row. First mark entered in partnership with Jonathan, 7 December 1790, and six further marks on 9 December. On Jonathan's death entered mark with Ann and William, January 1800. \r\nFourth mark with William, 8 November 1805. Probably retired in 1815 on entry of William Bateman's single mark. He died 19 November 1825, leaving in his will \u00a350 each to the Evangelical Institution at Newport Pagnall and the Baptist Academy, Stepney. In 1805 he gave a chandelier to the Meeting House at Newport Pagnall, whose minister William Bull, intimate of the poet Cowper, was a friend of the goldsmith and whose son, the Rev. T. B. Bull married Letitia, daughter of Jonathan and Ann Bateman.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1740", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1792, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1792\u201393", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1968.30", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:11.001000"}, {"id": 170085, "accession_number": "2012.302", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shamsher Sen of Mandi with a youth, 1760\u201370. Northern India, Pahari Kingdom of Mandi. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 16.5 x 13.9 cm (6 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.); border: 20.3 x 17.6 cm (8 x 6 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski, 2012.302", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Shamsher Sen of Mandi with a youth", "creation_date": "1760\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari Kingdom of Mandi"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 16.5 x 13.9 cm (6 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.); Border: 20.3 x 17.6 cm (8 x 6 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.165, "width": 0.139}, "border": {"height": 0.203, "width": 0.176}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "sr\u012b da\u1e41y\u0101\u1e47", "inscription_translation": "Lord Minister", "inscription_remark": "Takri inscription, Mandi variant, under the image of Shamsher Sen of Mandi.\n\nThe rulers of Mandi after the reign of Suraj Sen (1637\u201364) styled themselves as ministers (diwans) with the god Krishna as king. Suraj Sen installed Madhava Rai, a form of Krishna, as the titular deity of the kingdom of Mandi and took the title of 'diwan' (minister) for himself. His successors followed this practice.", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 308686, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 2-November 18, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "George P. Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland, OH, to Dr. Norman Zaworski", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Norman Zaworski [1920\u20132013], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132012", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2012\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Shamsher Sen wears a small silver whistle in his turban.", "description": "In 1727, Shamsher Sen inherited the Pahari kingdom of Mandi. The artist has rendered him with an intense gaze directed at a man, possibly his lover, who greets him with respect.
The ashes on his forehead and neck mark Shamsher Sen as a follower of the Hindu god Shiva. In his turban, alongside an array of flowers, he wears a whistle, announcing his participation in a religious order devoted to Shiva. The inscription in the lower border reads shri damyan, meaning \u201cHonorable Minister,\u201d since he ruled as a minister of the Hindu god Krishna. Pahari rulers often pledged loyalty to multiple divinities.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480957"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.302-raja-shamsher-sen-wi"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.302", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.302/2012.302_web.jpg", "width": "783", "height": "900", "filesize": "316611", "filename": "2012.302_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.302/2012.302_print.jpg", "width": "2958", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4339467", "filename": "2012.302_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.302/2012.302_full.tif", "width": "7502", "height": "8624", "filesize": "194123552", "filename": "2012.302_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-08-01T14:24:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.302/2012.302_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "770", "height": "893", "filesize": "124016"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.302/2012.302_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2931", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1641797"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.302/2012.302_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4684", "height": "5432", "filesize": "76352376"}}, {"date_created": "2025-03-26T14:02:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.302/2012.302_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "783", "height": "900", "filesize": "301152"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.302/2012.302_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2958", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4768251"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.302/2012.302_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7502", "height": "8624", "filesize": "194121344"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170085, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-12-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1760\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["\"Maharaja and Attendant\"", "Shamsher Sen (reigned 1727\u201381) of Mandi with a youth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:47.338000"}, {"id": 162295, "accession_number": "2002.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Oedipus at Colonus, 1798. Fulchran Jean Harriet (French, 1778\u20131805). Oil on canvas; framed: 187.5 x 164.5 x 8.5 cm (73 13/16 x 64 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 157 x 134 cm (61 13/16 x 52 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2002.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Oedipus at Colonus", "creation_date": "1798", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 187.5 x 164.5 x 8.5 cm (73 13/16 x 64 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 157 x 134 cm (61 13/16 x 52 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.875, "width": 1.645, "depth": 0.085}, "unframed": {"height": 1.57, "width": 1.34}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on reverse of stretcher: white sticker \"57/78\", \r\nchene label; on obverse: lower right \"harriet fcit an6\"\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2019. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Foucart collection, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
It can reasonably be assumed that it was Foucart who purchased this painting on the Paris art market in 1966, although the de David \u00e0 Delacroix exhibition catalogue does not explicitly state that it was the present owner - whom we know from James Rubin's 1973 article to be Foucart - who purchased it in 1966.
The 1974-1975 exhibition de David \u00e0 Delacroix, held at the Grand Palais, notes that the painting had been purchased on the art market in Paris in 1966.
"], "date": "Until 1966", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Fulchran Jean Harriet died young at age 29, and less than 10 of his works survive today.", "description": "The ancient mythical Greek king Oedipus fulfilled his fate by unknowingly killing his father and marrying his mother. He subsequently blinded himself and was exiled. Here, Oedipus reprimands himself, while protecting his daughter Antigone. Oedipus became popular in France just after the French Revolution, since the subject addressed the return of exiles. The ancient Greek writer Sophocles provided the best-known version of the tragedy, but an interpretation that played in Paris in 1797 inspired Harriet\u2019s work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478392"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2002.3-oedipus-at-colonus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rubin, James H. \u201cOedipus, Antigone and Exiles in Post-Revolutionary French Painting.\u201d Art Quarterly 36 (Fall 1973): 141\u201371.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "James H. Rubin, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 28, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Grand Palais. De David \u00e0 Delacroix: la peinture fran\u00e7aise de 1774 \u00e0 1830. Paris: Editions des Mus\u00e9es Nationaux, 1974.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Korchane, Mehdi. Pierre Gue\u0301rin, 1774-1833. Paris: \u00c9ditions Mare & Martin, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 66, #44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korchane, Mehdi. Figures de l'exil sous la Re\u0301volution: de Be\u0301lisaire a\u0300 Marcus Sextus. Vizille: Mus\u00e9e de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise; Grenoble: D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Is\u00e8re, Patrimoine en Is\u00e8re, 2016. p. 64-65", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64 Mentioned: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milesi, Silvana. Il padre nell'arte e nel tempo. Bergamo : Corponove, 2020, 112.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 112.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "461422", "filename": "2002.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_print.jpg", "width": "2913", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7034378", "filename": "2002.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_full.tif", "width": "4579", "height": "5345", "filesize": "73458536", "filename": "2002.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-05-18T19:09:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.3/2002.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "893", "filesize": "487298"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.3/2002.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2954", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7221809"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2002.3/2002.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4814", "height": "5541", "filesize": "80057616"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162295, "creators": [{"id": 42162, "description": "Fulchran Jean Harriet (French, 1778\u20131805)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1778", "death_year": "1805", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1798", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:25.959000"}, {"id": 114157, "accession_number": "1933.416", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Guitarist, 1720s. Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736). Red chalk. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1933.416", "current_location": null, "title": "The Guitarist", "creation_date": "1720s", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1729, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "red chalk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347233, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Richard Owen, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1933", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1933-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Baptiste Pater worried excessively about his finances and made a prolific number of artworks as a result, with the intention of selling them.", "description": "Like his illustrious master, Watteau, Jean-Baptiste Pater specialized in f\u00eates galantes, paintings that featured elegantly attired men and women in bucolic settings engaged in decorously amorous play. Also like his teacher, Pater worked out his preliminary ideas in red chalk studies. During the 17th century, guitar virtuosos from Italy and Spain made their way to the court of Louis XIV, and by the 18th century, the instrument had become integrated into French culture of gallantry and featured prominently in f\u00eates galantes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006814"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1933.416-the-guitarist"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1933.416", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.416/1933.416_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "793", "filesize": "771298", "filename": "1933.416_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.416/1933.416_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2135", "filesize": "6016720", "filename": "1933.416_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.416/1933.416_full.tif", "width": "6508", "height": "4088", "filesize": "79841848", "filename": "1933.416_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114157, "creators": [{"id": 1927, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1736", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1933-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1720s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:28.438000"}, {"id": 128388, "accession_number": "1951.352", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Partisan, 1729\u201332. Germany, 18th century. Steel, etched, haft broken; overall: 29.1 cm (11 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William F. Wieman, 1951.352", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Partisan", "creation_date": "1729\u201332", "creation_date_earliest": 1729, "creation_date_latest": 1732, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, etched, haft broken", "support_materials": [{"description": "etched", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 29.1 cm (11 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.291, "length": 0.487}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Coat of arms and letters F.L.C.V.M. (Franz Ludwig Kurfurst von Mainz)", "inscription_translation": "Franz Ludwig Elector of Mainz", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg (1664-1732), Prince Elector and Archbishop of Mainz (1792-32)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. William F. Weiman, Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1951", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Partisans were a favored weapon of palace guards and princely bodyguards; the large flat surface of the head lends itself perfectly for decorative coats of arms.", "description": "The partisan, a staff weapon with a symmetrical head, was carried by infantry officers and members of princely bodyguards during the 1600s and 1700s. This one is inscribed with the coat of arms and letters F.L.C.V.M for Franz Ludwig Kurfurst von Mainz. Franz Ludwig (1664-1732) held the office from 1729-32.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779069"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 130, 168; cat. no. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 121, p. 188", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.352", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.352/1951.352_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "153782", "filename": "1951.352_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.352/1951.352_print.jpg", "width": "2467", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1200262", "filename": "1951.352_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.352/1951.352_full.tif", "width": "3294", "height": "4540", "filesize": "44888800", "filename": "1951.352_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.352/1951.352_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "306111"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.352/1951.352_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1486", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1827149"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.352/1951.352_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1486", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9133444"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William F. Wieman", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128388, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-08-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1729, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1729\u201332", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:26.397000"}, {"id": 136532, "accession_number": "1961.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Pair of the Dancer (La Danseuse) and the Bagpiper (Le Joueur de Musette), 1748\u201352. Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356), Pierre Blondeau (French), after a design by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit porcelain). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1961.10", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure Pair of the Dancer (La Danseuse) and the Bagpiper (Le Joueur de Musette)", "creation_date": "1748\u201352", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1752, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit porcelain)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "dimensions": {"overall": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Unglazed porcelain figures were a long-lasting alternative to the decorative sugar sculptures displayed alongside intricately designed 18th-century French dinner services.", "description": "In the mid-18th century, the designs of reputed painter Fran\u00e7ois Boucher were regularly reproduced at the Vincennes factory as figures or paintings on porcelain. A series of eight children designed by Boucher were referred to in factory records as the Enfants de Boucher (children of Boucher) and regularly reproduced. The depictions of these barefoot children in peasant attire engaged in pastoral pursuits represent the virtuous simplicity the 18th-century French elite ascribed to representations of rural life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755278"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.10-figure-pair-of-the-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n159"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n159"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.10", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10/1961.10_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "613", "filesize": "164651", "filename": "1961.10_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10/1961.10_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2317", "filesize": "840104", "filename": "1961.10_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10/1961.10_full.tif", "width": "6245", "height": "4256", "filesize": "79761712", "filename": "1961.10_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-14T14:40:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10/1961.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "805", "height": "900", "filesize": "95832"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10/1961.10_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3040", "height": "3400", "filesize": "840775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10/1961.10_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3247", "height": "3632", "filesize": "35403856"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136532, "creators": [{"id": 11807, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "The French National Manufacture of soft-paste porcelain was established at Vincennes in 1738 before it moved in 1756.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 57115, "description": "Pierre Blondeau (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "modeled by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1748\u201352", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Female Dancer"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:24.012000"}, {"id": 140268, "accession_number": "1964.243", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Screen with European Figures (obverse) and Landscape (reverse) with Stand, 1736\u201395. China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795). Painted enamel, glass painting, and cast-iron stand; painting only: 35.7 x 32.4 cm (14 1/16 x 12 3/4 in.); height with stand: 65.8 cm (25 7/8 in.); screen only: 44.3 x 47.6 x 1.5 cm (17 7/16 x 18 3/4 x 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.243", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Screen with European Figures (obverse) and Landscape (reverse) with Stand", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795)"], "technique": "painted enamel, glass painting, and cast-iron stand", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Painting only: 35.7 x 32.4 cm (14 1/16 x 12 3/4 in.); height with stand: 65.8 cm (25 7/8 in.); screen only: 44.3 x 47.6 x 1.5 cm (17 7/16 x 18 3/4 x 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.357, "width": 0.324}, "height with stand": {"height": 0.658}, "screen only": {"height": 0.443, "width": 0.476, "depth": 0.015}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH, by descent to Severance and Greta Millikin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The screen is balanced on a heavy cast-iron base.", "description": "On the obverse side of this two-sided table screen is an enamel-painted copper plaque with European figures. The image is probably derived from prints. European enamelware was introduced to China through missionary-artists at the Beijing court and foreign trade in Guangzhou.
On the reverse side is a glass painting of architectural landscape in the Chinese style. At the Qing court, imperial commands made possible artistic collaboration and the incorporation of different artistic expressions in a single artwork.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751352"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.243-screen-with-european"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 190", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 110\u2013111", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.243", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243/1964.243_web.jpg", "width": "789", "height": "900", "filesize": "305263", "filename": "1964.243_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243/1964.243_print.jpg", "width": "2982", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2665728", "filename": "1964.243_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243/1964.243_full.tif", "width": "9144", "height": "10425", "filesize": "286007036", "filename": "1964.243_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-21T16:10:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "820", "height": "893", "filesize": "126267"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3121", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1577644"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5714", "height": "6223", "filesize": "106706508"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-21T18:07:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "801", "height": "893", "filesize": "108494"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3049", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1361386"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5669", "height": "6321", "filesize": "107532228"}}, {"date_created": "2020-02-20T20:36:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "856", "height": "900", "filesize": "277215"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3233", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2362241"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243/1964.243_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10083", "height": "10605", "filesize": "320818452"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140268, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:19.338000"}, {"id": 140269, "accession_number": "1964.243.1.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Screen with European Figures (obverse), 1736\u201395. China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795). Painted enamel, glass painting, and cast-iron stand; without base: 65.8 x 32.4 cm (25 7/8 x 12 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.243.1.a", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Screen with European Figures (obverse)", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795)"], "technique": "painted enamel, glass painting, and cast-iron stand", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "without base: 65.8 x 32.4 cm (25 7/8 x 12 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"without base": {"height": 0.658, "width": 0.324}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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European enamelware was introduced to China through missionary-artists at the Beijing court and foreign trade in Guangzhou.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741422"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.243.1.a-screen-with-european"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 190", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 110\u2013111", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.243.1.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.1.a/1964.243.1.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "781", "filesize": "368376", "filename": "1964.243.1.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.1.a/1964.243.1.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2952", "filesize": "3508606", "filename": "1964.243.1.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.1.a/1964.243.1.a_full.tif", "width": "8702", "height": "7555", "filesize": "197260424", "filename": "1964.243.1.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140269, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.243", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:03.824000"}, {"id": 154512, "accession_number": "1989.154", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of an Angel, c. 1750. Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer (German, 1696\u20131770). Painted and gilded wood; overall: 48.1 x 64.3 x 23.6 cm (18 15/16 x 25 5/16 x 9 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.154", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Head of an Angel", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "painted and gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 48.1 x 64.3 x 23.6 cm (18 15/16 x 25 5/16 x 9 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.481, "width": 0.643, "depth": 0.236}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to Severance and Greta Millikin, 1960, upon his death, retained by Greta Millikin.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Greta Millikin, upon her death, held in trust by the estate.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of Greta Millikin, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Part of the angel's wings are made more luxurious by the addition of gold paint, a process called \"gilding.\"", "description": "This decorative bracket was intended to simulate a functional supporting element at the top of a pilaster or beneath an organ loft or pulpit in a church. Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer, a member of a family of artists active in southern Germany and Switzerland, worked in a variety of media including wood and stucco. He often enlisted the aid of assistants, one of whom may have executed this work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761618"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.154-head-of-an-angel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Dissertation. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 266, p. 102", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.154", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.154/1989.154_web.jpg", "width": "1019", "height": "893", "filesize": "518241", "filename": "1989.154_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.154/1989.154_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2980", "filesize": "5262543", "filename": "1989.154_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.154/1989.154_full.tif", "width": "5225", "height": "4580", "filesize": "71820948", "filename": "1989.154_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-01-08T15:42:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "764", "height": "893", "filesize": "339391"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2907", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4918202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4904", "height": "5735", "filesize": "84401728"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-08T16:14:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "312988"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2611", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4612014"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4128", "height": "5375", "filesize": "66591852"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-08T16:42:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1181", "height": "893", "filesize": "584136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2570", "filesize": "5071774"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.154/1989.154_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6254", "height": "4728", "filesize": "88734056"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 154512, "creators": [{"id": 12268, "description": "Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer (German, 1696\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:27.383000"}, {"id": 130529, "accession_number": "1953.269", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of a Monkey on a Dog, c. 1745. Villeroy Factory. Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 15.9 cm (6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., 1953.269", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure of a Monkey on a Dog", "creation_date": "c. 1745", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Mennecy, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.9 cm (6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.159}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised on back of base, filled with manganese (brown)]: D.V.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This monkey may have once held a stick in its outstretched left hand.", "description": "Images of this type, monkeys dressed in human clothing and engaged in human pursuits, were called singeries and were represented in 18th-century French painting and decorative art. This particular figurine was based on a book of engravings that provided designs for contemporary craftsmen and was published by animal painter Christopher Huet in 1748.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763060"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.269-figure-of-a-monkey-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Honey, William Bowyer. French Porcelain of the 18th Century. London: Faber and Faber, 1950.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n164"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n164"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 258; no. 796", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dawson, Aileen. \"The Development of Repertoire in Mennecy Porcelain Sculpture, circa 1738-65.\" Metropolitan Museum Journal 37 (2002).", "page_number": "p. 203", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.269", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.269/1953.269_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "311831", "filename": "1953.269_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.269/1953.269_print.jpg", "width": "2652", "height": "3220", "filesize": "4252716", "filename": "1953.269_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.269/1953.269_full.tif", "width": "2652", "height": "3220", "filesize": "25650436", "filename": "1953.269_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-14T17:34:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.269/1953.269_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "951", "height": "893", "filesize": "401813"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.269/1953.269_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3304", "height": "3102", "filesize": "5145121"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.269/1953.269_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3304", "height": "3102", "filesize": "30779584"}}, {"date_created": "2007-06-14T17:40:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.269/1953.269_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "267258"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.269/1953.269_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2646", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3778694"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.269/1953.269_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2659", "height": "3417", "filesize": "27288560"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130529, "creators": [{"id": 452186, "description": "Villeroy Factory", "extent": "manufactured by", "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-07-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1745", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Monkey on a Dog"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:54.344000"}, {"id": 146192, "accession_number": "1971.82", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Royal Women Celebrating Diwali, c. 1760. Northern India, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 20.5 x 24.7 cm (8 1/16 x 9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.82", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal Women Celebrating Diwali", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 20.5 x 24.7 cm (8 1/16 x 9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.205, "width": 0.247}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5-April 27, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John D. MacDonald, Cambridge, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "\"Diwali\" comes from the Sanskrit words d\u012bpa (lamp) and \u0101vali (rows or series).", "description": "Lined along the eaves, the top of the marble lattice railing, and the rims of the boats on the river are candles and butter lamps lit in celebration of a New Year festival. A princess on a golden armchair lights sparklers with her friends. In the boats and on the far shore men set off sparklers under the light of a magnificent firework display under the full moon.
The style of this work is typical of Mughal painting from the mid-1700s, when scenes of domestic life among women of the court were a favorite subject for the imperial artists.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471932"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.82-royal-women-celebrat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sugimura, To\u0304 \u6749\u6751\u68df . Isura\u0304mu [\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0 = New history of world art, Islam].To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 185, p. 311", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.82", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.82/1971.82_web.jpg", "width": "1055", "height": "893", "filesize": "923160", "filename": "1971.82_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.82/1971.82_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2878", "filesize": "9856948", "filename": "1971.82_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.82/1971.82_full.tif", "width": "5556", "height": "4704", "filesize": "78440520", "filename": "1971.82_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146192, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ladies Celebrating Diwali"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:17.374000"}, {"id": 147777, "accession_number": "1974.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Microscope, c. 1745\u2013 1765. France, mid-18th century. Gilt bronze mounts; overall: 28.6 x 15.4 x 11.5 cm (11 1/4 x 6 1/16 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1974.15", "current_location": null, "title": "Microscope", "creation_date": "c. 1745\u2013 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, mid-18th century"], "technique": "gilt bronze mounts", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 28.6 x 15.4 x 11.5 cm (11 1/4 x 6 1/16 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.286, "width": 0.154, "depth": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2019. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Microscopes, especially ones as elaborate as this example, were luxurious symbols of enlightened aristocratic sophistication in the 1700s.", "description": "Composed of elaborate gold-plated parts, this microscope is not just a decorative work of art; it is also a functional tool for scientific inquiry. Its ornamentation reflects the intermingling of art and science during the European Enlightenment, an era when scholars emphasized the study of science and reason as a means of social and intellectual progress. The two lenses of a compound microscope allow for better focus and magnification, making it easier for scientists\u2014amateur and professional alike\u2014to look closer at a specimen to see more than can be seen by the naked eye. This microscope\u2019s ornate decoration suggests it was probably owned by a wealthy person, possibly an amateur scientist.
A version of an 18th-century English poem playfully describes what can be newly seen with a microscope: Great fleas have little fleas Upon their backs to bite \u2019em The little fleas have lesser fleas And so ad infinitum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927275"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.15-microscope"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 62, no. 3 (March 1975): 62\u2013102.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79; Mentioned: p. 98, no. 38", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "dfb9849f5af049f6a945de6e7e0001d9", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/dfb9849f5af049f6a945de6e7e0001d9", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147777, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-03-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1745\u2013 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:00:57.799000"}, {"id": 135181, "accession_number": "1958.206.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chrysanthemums by a Stream, c. 1715\u201330 or later. Possibly by Ogata K\u014drin (Japanese, 1658\u20131716). One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on gilded paper; image: 163.2 x 369.9 cm (64 1/4 x 145 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1958.206.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Chrysanthemums by a Stream", "creation_date": "c. 1715\u201330 or later", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 163.2 x 369.9 cm (64 1/4 x 145 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.632, "width": 3.699}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310278, "title": "Rimpa Painting", "description": "Rimpa Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13\u2013November 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-11-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka & Co., sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1958.207", "1958.206.2"], "did_you_know": "The signature used on these screens may indicate paintings made in the last year of the artist's life, or works completed by his studio after his death.", "description": "These screens recall a painting style so closely identified with Ogata K\u014drin (1658\u20131716) that it is called Rinpa, or \u201cRin School,\u201d after the ideograph \u201crin\u201d in his name. The highly stylized background accentuates floral groupings that have been groomed so as to appear utterly artificial, like the synthetic arrangements available today. K\u014drin's genius derived in large measure from natural phenomena painstakingly observed and then manipulated to create compositions of startling refinement and sparkling isolation. This process may have grown out of K\u014drin's early immersion in the family textile business, a medium that encourages such dramatic distillations of form: the stream's gold-crested waves bring to mind traditional kimono robe designs of K\u014drin's era. Works with the signature seen on this painting, including a style name, or persona suggested to K\u014drin by his brother Kenzan (1663\u20131743), are sometimes considered to have been produced either in the last year of his life, when he was very ill, or after his death. In both scenarios, the lion\u2019s share of the work would have been done by studio assistants, but little is truly known of his studio practice. Given the regularity of the gold waves on the stream, and the tension in the arrangement of the chrysanthemums, it is also possible that the screens were made in emulation of K\u014drin's designs by a later artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517702"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.206.1-chrysanthemums-by-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 80\u201381, cat. no. 80", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n95"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. 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London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 12.95, p. 573", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \"Discovering Japanese Screens.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 41, no. 6 (Summer 2001): 4\u20135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 4\u20135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 62\u201363, cat. no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korin ten: kokuho\u0304 \"Kakitsubatazu\" to Metoroporitan Bijutsukan shozo\u0304 \"Yatsuhashizu\" [Irises and Eight bridges: masterpieces by Ko\u0304rin from the Nezu Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art = \u5149\u7433\u5c55 : \u56fd\u5b9d\u300c\u71d5\u5b50\u82b1\u56f3\u300d\u3068\u30e1\u30c8\u30ed\u30dd\u30ea\u30bf\u30f3\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u6240\u8535\u300c\u516b\u6a4b\u56f3\u300d]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nezu Bijutsukan, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.206.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206.1/1958.206.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "406", "filesize": "152235", "filename": "1958.206.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206.1/1958.206.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1533", "filesize": "1489890", "filename": "1958.206.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206.1/1958.206.1_full.tif", "width": "33832", "height": "15256", "filesize": "1548455164", "filename": "1958.206.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2002-09-12T13:52:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206.1/1958.206.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "558", "filesize": "594487"}, "print": 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"updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:12.394000"}, {"id": 135182, "accession_number": "1958.206.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chrysanthemums by a Stream, c. 1715\u201330 or after. Possibly by Ogata K\u014drin (Japanese, 1658\u20131716). One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on gilded paper; image: 163.2 x 369.9 cm (64 1/4 x 145 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1958.206.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Chrysanthemums by a Stream", "creation_date": "c. 1715\u201330 or after", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 163.2 x 369.9 cm (64 1/4 x 145 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.632, "width": 3.699}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "the signature and seal of Korin, \"sensen mappa (makko) inshi hokyo Korin\" (late generation hermit of the Kamo stream tradition) is written in two lines. A circular seal which reads \"Hoshuku\" is at the end of the second line on the edge of the first panel from the right.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310278, "title": "Rimpa Painting", "description": "Rimpa Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13\u2013November 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-11-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka & Co., sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1958.206.1"], "did_you_know": "The signature used on these screens may indicate paintings made in the last year of the artist's life, or works completed by his studio after his death.", "description": "These screens recall a painting style so closely identified with Ogata K\u014drin (1658\u20131716) that it is called Rinpa, or \u201cRin School,\u201d after the ideograph \u201crin\u201d in his name. The highly stylized background accentuates floral groupings that have been groomed so as to appear utterly artificial, like the synthetic arrangements available today. K\u014drin's genius derived in large measure from natural phenomena painstakingly observed and then manipulated to create compositions of startling refinement and sparkling isolation. This process may have grown out of K\u014drin's early immersion in the family textile business, a medium that encourages such dramatic distillations of form: the stream's gold-crested waves bring to mind traditional kimono robe designs of K\u014drin's era. Works with the signature seen on this painting, including a style name, or persona suggested to K\u014drin by his brother Kenzan (1663\u20131743), are sometimes considered to have been produced either in the last year of his life, when he was very ill, or after his death. In both scenarios, the lion\u2019s share of the work would have been done by studio assistants, but little is truly known of his studio practice. Given the regularity of the gold waves on the stream, and the tension in the arrangement of the chrysanthemums, it is also possible that the screens were made in emulation of K\u014drin's designs by a later artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517713"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.206.2-chrysanthemums-by-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 80\u201381, cat. no. 80", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n95"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n306"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n306"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cS\u014dsetsu and Flowers.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 8 (November 1970): 263\u2013271.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 269\u2013270, fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152343"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 381", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n401"}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. A World History of Art. London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 12.95, p. 573", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \"Discovering Japanese Screens.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 41, no. 6 (Summer 2001): 4\u20135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 4\u20135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 62\u201363, cat. no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korin ten: kokuho\u0304 \"Kakitsubatazu\" to Metoroporitan Bijutsukan shozo\u0304 \"Yatsuhashizu\" [Irises and Eight bridges: masterpieces by Ko\u0304rin from the Nezu Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art = \u5149\u7433\u5c55 : \u56fd\u5b9d\u300c\u71d5\u5b50\u82b1\u56f3\u300d\u3068\u30e1\u30c8\u30ed\u30dd\u30ea\u30bf\u30f3\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u6240\u8535\u300c\u516b\u6a4b\u56f3\u300d]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nezu Bijutsukan, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.206.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206.2/1958.206.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "425", "filesize": "177935", "filename": "1958.206.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206.2/1958.206.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1605", "filesize": "1422622", "filename": "1958.206.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.206.2/1958.206.2_full.tif", "width": "34076", "height": "16081", "filesize": "1643997252", "filename": "1958.206.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2002-09-12T13:54:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.206.2/1958.206.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "559", "filesize": "623478"}, "print": 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"updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:38.413000"}, {"id": 140476, "accession_number": "1964.386", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Paulownias and Chrysanthemums (\u6850\u83ca\u6d41\u6c34\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), early 1800s. Sakai H\u014ditsu (Japanese, 1761\u20131828). Two-panel folding screen; ink and color on gilded paper; image: 152.7 x 154.9 cm (60 1/8 x 61 in.); overall: 157.5 x 158.5 cm (62 x 62 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the American Foundation for the Maud E. and Warren H. Corning Botanical Collection, 1964.386", "current_location": null, "title": "Paulownias and Chrysanthemums", "title_in_original_language": "\u6850\u83ca\u6d41\u6c34\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1828, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Two-panel folding screen; ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 152.7 x 154.9 cm (60 1/8 x 61 in.); Overall: 157.5 x 158.5 cm (62 x 62 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.527, "width": 1.549}, "overall": {"height": 1.575, "width": 1.585}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscription at right reads: \"Hoitsu hitsu\" (painted by Hoitsu); within circle: (Hoitsu); tiny gourd shape below encloses two characters \"Bun-zen,\" Hoitsu's name.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310278, "title": "Rimpa Painting", "description": "Rimpa Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227833, "title": "Silver Wind: The Art of Sakai Hoitsu (1761-1828) and His Circle", "description": "Silver Wind: The Art of Sakai Hoitsu (1761-1828) and His Circle. Japan Society Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (September 28, 2012-January 6, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 374890, "title": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)", "description": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23-October 3, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "American Foundation for the Maud E. and Warren H. Corning Collection, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "H\u014ditsu often painted two-panel folding screens for urban clients residing in smaller spaces. A painting after this one in the Itabashi Museum in Tokyo shows an extended composition across a pair of two-panel screens.", "description": "In this screen, Sakai H\u014ditsu expertly deployed a painting technique called \u201cdripping-in\u201d (tarashikomi). Ink and color dripped on the surface, and allowed to pool there, created the illusionistic effect of lichen-dotted tree bark and twisted chrysanthemum leaves. Paulownia and chrysanthemum are signifiers of late spring and early autumn as well as emblems of the Japanese imperial house. Paulownia also has medicinal properties and associations with fortitude, while chrysanthemum symbolizes good government.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469394"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.386-paulownias-and-chrys"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 383", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n403"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 29, pp. 64\u201365", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McKelway, Matthew P., and Ho\u0304itsu Sakai. Silver Wind: The Arts of Sakai Ho\u0304itsu (1761-1828). New York: Japan Society, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139-141, ex. cat. no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Summer Exhibitions.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 19.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.386", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.386/1964.386_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "864", "filesize": "281651", "filename": "1964.386_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.386/1964.386_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3264", "filesize": "2956915", "filename": "1964.386_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.386/1964.386_full.tif", "width": "8347", "height": "8012", "filesize": "200674116", "filename": "1964.386_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-12-07T15:46:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "893", "filesize": "219906"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3372", "filesize": "3143162"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3205", "height": "3179", "filesize": "30600652"}}, {"date_created": "2014-06-02T18:06:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "882", "filesize": "302398"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3333", "filesize": "2769427"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4492", "height": "4403", "filesize": "59387680"}}, {"date_created": "2015-04-09T10:08:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "461", "height": "900", "filesize": "172686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1742", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1718095"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3981", "height": "7772", "filesize": "92853140"}}, {"date_created": "2015-04-09T10:14:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "461", "height": "900", "filesize": "157260"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1741", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1659361"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.386/1964.386_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3991", "height": "7794", "filesize": "93349280"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the American Foundation for the Maud E. and Warren H. Corning Botanical Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140476, "creators": [{"id": 35484, "description": "Sakai H\u014ditsu (Japanese, 1761\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9152\u4e95\u62b1\u4e00", "birth_year": "1761", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:10.776000"}, {"id": 145195, "accession_number": "1970.362", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jacob's Dream, c. 1720. Joseph Goupy (British, 1686\u2013before.1770). Gouache; sheet: 28.5 x 42 cm (11 1/4 x 16 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse Collection, 1970.362", "current_location": null, "title": "Jacob's Dream", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "brown kidskin", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 28.5 x 42 cm (11 1/4 x 16 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.285, "width": 0.42}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309855, "title": "I and Thou", "description": "I and Thou. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 21-May 27, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309881, "title": "Leona E. Prasse, Connoisseur and Curator", "description": "Leona E. Prasse, Connoisseur and Curator. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-August 25, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "Collecting Drawings in England. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(sale, Christie's, London, March 25, 1969, no. 32)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As \"Attributed to Marco Ricci.\"
"], "date": "1969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Yvonne Tan Bunzl, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1969-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(William H. Schab, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1970", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was formerly attributed to the Venetian landscape painter Marco Ricci (1676-1730), who worked periodically in England during the early 18th century.", "description": "Joseph Goupy played a significant role in cultivating a taste for Italian art in 18th-century Britain. Here, Goupy copied an oil painting by Salvator Rosa now in the Devonshire Collection at Chatsworth. Copying from Old Masters was a venerated practice in the 18th century. In addition to being an essential aspect of artistic training, the circulation of great works of art served to educate connoisseurs and to shape public opinion. Goupy\u2019s luminous gouaches were highly prized, fetching prices considerably higher than original portraits of the period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79923196"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.362-jacob-s-dream"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Langdon, Helen. Salvator Rosa Paint and Performance. London: Reaktion Books, Limited, 2022. .", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 59, no. 1 (1972): 3-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43 no. 100; Reproduced: p. 17", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. Disegni antichi del Museo Correr di Venezia. Vicenza: Neri Pozza, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael J. Drawing: A Glossary of Materials: Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce, and Robert Dance. \"Joseph Goupy and the Art of the Copy.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 10 (1988): 354-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 354-75; Reproduced: p. 354", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160054"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 22-23, 146, no. 6; Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.362", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.362/1970.362_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "856", "filesize": "824787", "filename": "1970.362_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.362/1970.362_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2305", "filesize": "5941432", "filename": "1970.362_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.362/1970.362_full.tif", "width": "6531", "height": "4428", "filesize": "86786888", "filename": "1970.362_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. 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Huang Shen (Chinese, 1687\u2013after 1768). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; image: 124 x 45 cm (48 13/16 x 17 11/16 in.); overall: 213.2 x 61.2 cm (83 15/16 x 24 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1977.31", "current_location": null, "title": "Eagle on a Tree Trunk", "title_in_original_language": "\u53e4\u69ce\u79cb\u9df9\u5716", "creation_date": "1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 124 x 45 cm (48 13/16 x 17 11/16 in.); Overall: 213.2 x 61.2 cm (83 15/16 x 24 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.24, "width": 0.45}, "overall": {"height": 2.132, "width": 0.612}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.132, "width": 0.674}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u4e59\u4ea5\u5e74\u71c8\u7bc0\u524d\u4e8c\u65e5\u766d\u74e2\u5b50\u614e\u5199\u3002 [\u5370]\u9ec3\u614e; \u606d\u58fd\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 2 seals: \n\nTwo days before the Lantern Festival in the yihai year of Qianlong [1755], drawn by Yingpiaozi, Shen. [seals] Huang Shen; Gongshou.", "inscription_remark": "Huang executed this painting at age 69, two days before the Lantern Festival in 1755.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "Year in Review: 1977. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 12-November 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chiao-y\u00fc-pu. [Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji \u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6= A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanking Art Gallery, Nanjing, China (April 1-23, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-04-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-06T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 16-July 13, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-16T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 28, 2014-January 7, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-28T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Pu Ru \u6ea5\u5112 [1895\u20131963]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Richard Nathanson [20th century], London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131977", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1977\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "With its wings partially lifted and sharp beak open in expectation, the eagle seems intent on some unseen prey below.", "description": "Huang Shen\u2019s swift painting style is paralleled in his calligraphy. The vertical line in running script echoes the fluid form of the eagle on a tree trunk covered with a twisted vine. A native of Fujian province, Huang came to Yangzhou in 1724 to make his living as a painter. He needed years to develop a style that met the taste of his clients. He eventually became known as a figure painter and as one of the Eccentrics from Yangzhou, a group of local artists known for their unorthodox painting style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473363"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.31-eagle-on-a-tree-trun"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji [\u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6= A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanjing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1937.", "page_number": "cat. no. 332", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 348", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 172, pl. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 269, pp. 367-368", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Traditions and The Modernist Vision: Chinese Paintings of Chen Wen Hsi.\" In Convergences: Chen Wen Hsi centennial exhibition [\u6c47\u6d41 : \u9648\u6587\u5e0c\u767e\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5c55 = Hui liu: Chen Wenxi bai nian dan chen ji nian zhan]. Singapore: Singapore Art Museum, 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.192, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 454-456", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.31", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.31/1977.31_web.jpg", "width": "306", "height": "893", "filesize": "193984", "filename": "1977.31_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.31/1977.31_print.jpg", "width": "1166", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2546588", "filename": "1977.31_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.31/1977.31_full.tif", "width": "1714", "height": "5000", "filesize": "25723840", "filename": "1977.31_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "306", "height": "893", "filesize": "184501"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1166", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2377233"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1714", "height": "5000", "filesize": "25720180"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-05T14:46:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "339", "height": "893", "filesize": "44479"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1290", "height": "3400", "filesize": "598036"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3000", "height": "7903", "filesize": "71148872"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-05T14:09:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "302", "height": "893", "filesize": "32730"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "571017"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2633", "height": "7784", "filesize": "61508280"}}, {"date_created": "2013-03-05T15:15:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "89310"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1516734"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1977.31/1977.31_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021696"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149098, "creators": [{"id": 31390, "description": "Huang Shen (Chinese, 1687\u2013after 1768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9ec3\u613c", "birth_year": "1687", "death_year": "1772", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Eagle on a Tree Trunk \u53e4\u69ce\u79cb\u9df9\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:54.093000"}, {"id": 142466, "accession_number": "1966.233", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Potpourri Vase with Cover, c. 1750. 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Cundall. The New Keramic Gallery. London: Reeves and Turner, 1926.", "page_number": "p. 339", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Freg\u0301nac, Claude. Les Porcelainiers du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle franca\u0327is. Paris: Hachette, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 132", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Emerson, Julie, Paul Macapia, and Pamela Meidell. The Collectors, Early European Ceramics and Silver. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 46, no. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dallot-Naudin, Yvonne, and Alain Jacob. Porcelaines tendres franc\u0327aises: Rouen, L. Poterat, St-Cloud, Mennecy, Chantilly, Bourg la Reine, Vincennes. Paris: ABC Collection, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 103", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kevill-Davies, Sally. \"18th-Century Porcelain Pot-Pourri Vases.\" Antique Collecting (June 1998).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peyre, Jean-Gabriel. \"Porcellane in 'gloria': La manifattura di Villeroy-Mennecy (1735-1777).\" CeramicAntica (October 2000).", "page_number": "p. 17", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.233", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.233/1966.233_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "827", "filesize": "173480", "filename": "1966.233_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.233/1966.233_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3123", "filesize": "915059", "filename": "1966.233_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.233/1966.233_full.tif", "width": "8129", "height": "7466", "filesize": "182098904", "filename": 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Clio is depicted here writing and surrounded by objects associated with preserving the memory of historical figures and events: busts, reliefs, and sculptures. This painting belongs to a cycle of works commissioned by businessman Fran\u00e7ois Boyer-Fonfr\u00e9de for his home in Toulouse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479840"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.5-clio-muse-of-history"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: cover, p. 5, p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n3"}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Bracken Sparks, Amy. \"Disappearing Act.\" Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 48, no. 5 (May/June 2008): 10-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-05/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Wat, Pierre. \"Procession des-ismes ou parade des individus? Comment s'ecrit l'histoire de l'art du X\"IX siecle.\" In L'art du XIX siecle: l'heure de la modernite,1789-1914. 20-75. Paris: Citadelles & Mazenod, 2016.", "page_number": "20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wat, Pierre. \"Procession des '-ismes' ou parade des individus? Comment s'ecrit l'histoire de l'art du XIX siecle.\" In L'art du XIXe sie\u0300cle: l'heure de la modernite\u0301 1789-1914. Bertrand Tillier, 21-76. Paris: Citadelles & Mazenod, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Grand Sie\u0300cle, and Fre\u0301de\u0301rique Lanoe\u0308. La curiosite\u0301 a\u0300 l'\u0153uvre: dessins de la donation Pierre Rosenberg. Paris : Le Passage, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74, fig. 31a", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.6.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_web.jpg", "width": "575", "height": "893", "filesize": "318177", "filename": "2003.6.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_print.jpg", "width": "2188", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4403373", "filename": "2003.6.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_full.tif", "width": "3540", "height": "5500", "filesize": "58439708", "filename": "2003.6.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-09-18T17:37:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "374264"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5667697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67977388"}}, {"date_created": "2007-09-18T17:46:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "670612"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "5761523"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67977272"}}, {"date_created": "2007-09-18T17:52:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "367640"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5476868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67977508"}}, {"date_created": "2007-09-18T18:02:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "365760"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6061226"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.5/2003.6.5_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67975568"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. 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The studio in which Meynier received his training was known by the students of David as the atelier of the\"perruques,\" (the wigs) the name given to royalists or conservatives during that period.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1832", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": "Before entering the collection, this entire suite of five monumental paintings by Charles Meynier had numerous conservation issues, including pronounced discolored varnish, years of accumulated grime, and canvases that were detaching from their stretchers, creating large, draped, buckles along the edges. The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and was likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. After removal of the discolored, nearly brown varnish layers, nuanced, dynamic, and balanced color relationships were uncovered, as Meynier skillfully juxtaposed colors within the draperies of the muses. For example, in Clio, the Muse of History, Meynier places her muted yellow costume next to a soft gray-violet drapery. These two complimentary colors are beautifully balanced against each other. Upon closer looking, one can even see violet shadows within the folds of the yellow drapery and faint yellow, bridging the two colors. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:59.230000"}, {"id": 146143, "accession_number": "1971.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scenes from Essays in Idleness (\u5f92\u7136\u8349\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), late 1700s\u2013early 1800s. Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752\u20131811). Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.43", "current_location": null, "title": "Scenes from Essays in Idleness", "title_in_original_language": "\u5f92\u7136\u8349\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "late 1700s\u2013early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1811, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.702, "width": 3.758}, "image": {"height": 1.465, "width": 3.307}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "One morning, when a beautiful blanket of snow covered the ground, I had something on my mind concerning a friend, so I decided to write her a letter. I didn't mention the snow in the letter. In her reply, she wrote, \"What did you think of this morning's beautiful snow? You didn't write a word about it. Why should I have anything to do with such an unrefined person?\"\nI thought this reply was admirable, and although the lady died many years ago, her letter is still unforgettable to me. \n(Excerpt from \"Essays in Idleness\" translated by Donald Keene)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "In Kyushu there was a certain person who served as an oryoshi [a government officer who controls thieves and robbers in outlying districts]. He believed that the radish was an excellent herb for preventing illness, and for many years, he cooked and ate two of them every morning. \nOne day his enemies waited for an opportunity when no one was in his residence, attacked without warning, and surrounded him. Just then two samurai appeared and, fighting without regard for their own lives, repulsed the attackers. The oryoshi thought this very strange and inquired, \"I have never seen you before; may I ask who you are?\" They answered, \"We are the spirits of the radish, which you ate and believed in for so long a time,\" and disappeared into the air. \nIf you believe in things deeply, such occurrences are entirely possible. \n(Excerpt from \"Essays in Idleness\" translated by Donald Keene)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "Seinen, a high priest of the Saidai-ji in Nara, was an old man. Bent with age, eyes framed by whitened eyebrows, he had the appearance of a man of fine character. One day when he appeared at court, Lord Saionji took noticed of Seinen and rematked, \"How refined he looks.\" Consequently, he treated the old priest with the utmost respect. Observing this, Lord Tadatomo remarked, \"Oh, it is only because of his age that you behave like this.\" \nA short while later, Lord Tadatomo brought an old scraggly looking dog whose hair was gradually falling out to Lord Saionji and said, \"There, doesn't this dog look fine too?\" \n(Excerpt from \"Essays in Idleness\" translated by Donald Keene)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "There was a time when a fox lived in the Imperial Palace grounds. Lord Fujii, the chief councilor of state, told the following story about it. As a group of men were playing Go one day, the rattan blinds were raised slightly, as if someone were trying to secretly watch the game. Seeing this, one of the players asked, \"Who is it?\" and looking more carefully saw a fox standing just like a human outside the curtains, peeking in. The players raised quite a fuss shouting, \"My goodness! It's a fox!\" and flex in a great hurry. It must have been a fox that had failed in its attempt to assume human form. \n(Excerpt from \"Essays in Idleness\" translated by Donald Keene)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 374889, "title": "Stories in Japanese Art", "description": "Stories in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 8, 2021-April 3, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-10-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mathias Komor [1909\u20131984], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Matsumura Goshun inscribed passages from Buddhist monk Yoshida Kenk\u014d\u2019s (1283\u20131350) well-known collection of anecdotes, Essays in Idleness, across the top of each of the twelve panels of this pair of screens. Goshun illustrated the episodes with his vision of the figures who feature in them. The texts cascade down from right to left, forming unique compositional relationships with the images below.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471899"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.43-scenes-from-essays-i"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 60\u201361, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. 29a and 29b", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.43/1971.43_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "832", "filesize": "", "filename": "1971.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.43/1971.43_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3142", "filesize": "", "filename": "1971.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.43/1971.43_full.tif", "width": "14229", "height": "13148", "filesize": "", "filename": "1971.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-15T19:41:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43/1971.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "409", "filesize": "129741"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43/1971.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1546", "filesize": "1240868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43/1971.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14227", "height": "6470", "filesize": "276174920"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146143, "creators": [{"id": 6178, "description": "Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u677e\u6751\u5449\u6625", "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s\u2013early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scenes from \"Essays in Idleness\"", "Essays in Idleness"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:13.736000"}, {"id": 147991, "accession_number": "1974.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Boncompagni-Ludovisi-Ottoboni Marriage Casket, 1731. Italy, Rome. Silver, partially gilt, malachite, lapis lazuli, enamel; overall: 19.1 x 40.7 x 22.9 cm (7 1/2 x 16 x 9 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1974.86", "current_location": null, "title": "Boncompagni-Ludovisi-Ottoboni Marriage Casket", "creation_date": "1731", "creation_date_earliest": 1731, "creation_date_latest": 1731, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Rome"], "technique": "silver, partially gilt, malachite, lapis lazuli, enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 19.1 x 40.7 x 22.9 cm (7 1/2 x 16 x 9 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.191, "width": 0.407, "depth": 0.229}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved arms of Boncompagni-Ludovisi and Boncompagni-Ludovisi-Ottoboni families. (Probably made in honor of wedding of Maria Francesca Ottoboni and Pier Gregorio Boncompagni-Ludovisi.)\r\n\r\nInscribed on the lid's central cartouche: AMOR / GIGNIT AMOREM / ROMAE MDCCXXXI", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 212310, "title": "Life and the Arts in the Baroque Palaces of Rome: Ambiente Barocco", "description": "Life and the Arts in the Baroque Palaces of Rome: Ambiente Barocco. Bard Graduate Center: Decorative Arts, Design History, Material Culture, New York, NY (organizer) (March 10-June 13, 1999); The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (July 21-October 3, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207313, "title": "Art of the Royal Court: Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe", "description": "Art of the Royal Court: Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (July 1-September 21, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Life and the Arts in the Baroque Palaces of Rome: Ambiente Barocco. The Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, New York, 10 March-13 June, 1999; The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO, 21 July-3 October, 1999. Exh. cat. edited by Stefanie Walker and Frederick Hammond (New York, Yale University Press), exh. cat. no. 25, p. 146", "opening_date": "1999-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC (7/1/2008 - 9/21/2008): \"Art of the Royal Court: Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe\"", "opening_date": "2008-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (1667-1740); his niece Maria Francesca Ottoboni and her husband, Pier Gregorio Boncompagni-Ludovisi, in 1731.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Latin inscription on this marriage casket, \"amor gignit amorem,\" means \"love begets love,\" an appropriate prediction for an impending union.", "description": "The giving of coins or other valuable items was a powerful symbol of engagement and marriage in Europe in the 1600s and 1700s. Often these valuables were presented and kept in elaborate caskets that remained the property of the wife throughout the marriage, to be drawn upon in time of need, or as a symbol of their wealth and prosperity. This silver and hardstone casket was the gift of Pier Gregorio Boncompagni Ludovisi upon his marriage to Francesca Ottoboni in 1731. Their marriage represented the merger of two very powerful Italian noble families\u2014the Boncompagni Ludovisi from Bologna and the Ottoboni from Venice. Both families had settled in Rome in the 17th century, and each were closely aligned with the papacy, having produced numerous cardinals and popes. Appropriately adorned with scenes from the myth of Cupid and Psyche, in which the two lovers work to overcome obstacles to their marriage, the casket is a masterwork of Roman silversmithing in the Baroque taste prevalent at that time throughout Europe.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927887"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.86-boncompagni-ludovisi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 62, no. 3 (March 1975): 62\u2013102.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75; mentioned: p. 98, no. 37", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \u201cThe Boncompagni-Ludovisi-Ottoboni Casket.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 62, no. 7 (September 1975): 219\u2013228.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 218, 220-224, cover; Mentioned: p. 219-228", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152597"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "reproduced P 140", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n160"}, {"citation": "Walker, Stefanie, and Frederick Hammond, eds. Life and the Arts in the Baroque Palaces of Rome: Ambiente Barocco. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "mentioned P 146, cat. no. 25", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=40267421"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \"The Enlightened Patronage of Cardinal Pietro Ottobini (1667-1740).\" Artibus et Historiae 23, no. 45 (2002): 139-165.", "page_number": "mentioned P 155", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/1483685"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \u201cLiturgical Silver Commissioned by Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (1667-1740).\u201d Cleveland Studies in the History of Art 8 (2003): 96\u2013119.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 109-113; reproduced: p. 96, fig.1, p. 110-112, fig. 17-20", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079733"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. The Inventory of Paintings of Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (1667-1740). New York: Peter Lang, 2004.", "page_number": "mentioned P 302", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=51264105"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni (1667-1740) and the Vatican Tomb of Pope Alexander VIII. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2004.", "page_number": "mentioned P 57", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=56014539"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.86/1974.86_web.jpg", "width": "1128", "height": "893", "filesize": "801816", "filename": "1974.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.86/1974.86_print.jpg", "width": "1941", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2501677", "filename": "1974.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.86/1974.86_full.tif", "width": "1941", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8947380", "filename": "1974.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147991, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1731, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1731", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:46.058000"}, {"id": 148811, "accession_number": "1976.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mrs. Sarah Siddons, 1785. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Black chalk with extensive stump work with traces of white gouache; sheet: 46.8 x 35.3 cm (18 7/16 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1976.6", "current_location": null, "title": "Mrs. Sarah Siddons", "creation_date": "1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "black chalk with extensive stump work with traces of white gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "heavy wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 46.8 x 35.3 cm (18 7/16 x 13 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.468, "width": 0.353}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. P. Roupell, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(sale, Christie's, London, July 14, 1887, no. 1331, sold to Thibaudeau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
As Study for the Portrait of a Lady.
"], "date": "1887", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Thibaudeau", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1887-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Henry J. Pfungst, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1917", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(sale, Christie's, London, June 15, 1917, no. 30, sold to Connell)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Connell", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Andrew T. Reid, Auchterarder", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-by 1933", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Oscar and Peter Johnson Fine Art, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1933-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Otto Wertheimer Gallery, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1976", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sitter for this portrait, Sarah Siddons, was the subject of a competition between Thomas Gainsborough and his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, who exhibited a portrait of the actress at the Royal Academy the year before this drawing was made.", "description": "Although Thomas Gainsborough produced about a thousand portraits in oil, the artist typically worked directly on the canvas rather than making preparatory drawings of his sitters. This study, so closely related to the artist\u2019s finished painting of the famous actress Mrs. Sarah Siddons, is highly unusual. One scholar has hypothesized that because the portrait was not made on commission but conceived for an exhibition in his studio, Gainsborough may have had only a single sitting with the celebrated actress, and knew he would he would have to rely on the drawing as a basis for the finished work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79929343"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.6-mrs-sarah-siddons"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Reid, Andrew T. The Collection of Pictures Formed by Andrew T. Reid of Auchterarder. Glasgow: Andrew T. Reid, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: V, 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, John. The Drawings of Thomas Gainsborough. New Haven: Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 128-9, no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n213"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 56-59, no. 67; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Breitman, Ellen. Art and the Stage. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41; Reproduced: fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Egerton, Judy. The British School. London: National Gallery Publications, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 166; Reproduced: fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Radford, Ron. Island to Empire: 300 Years of British Art, 1550-1850. Exh. Cat. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-41, 145-6, no. 9b; Reproduced: p. 41", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.6/1976.6_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "89673", "filename": "1976.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.6/1976.6_print.jpg", "width": "2613", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1622187", "filename": "1976.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.6/1976.6_full.tif", "width": "4879", "height": "6347", "filesize": "92989516", "filename": "1976.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.6/1976.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "893", "filesize": "463692"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.6/1976.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2033", "filesize": "2471312"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.6/1976.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2033", "filesize": "9371500"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148811, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-02-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Study for the Portrait of Mrs. Sarah Siddons"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:02.120000"}, {"id": 111077, "accession_number": "1929.566", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sandals (mitalawanda / mitawanda) or Clogs (kiatu cha mti), c. 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, unidentified carver. Wood and glass beads; overall: 6 x 10.2 cm (2 3/8 x 4 in.); part 2: 4.5 x 12.4 cm (1 3/4 x 4 7/8 in.); part 3: 6 x 9.5 cm (2 3/8 x 3 3/4 in.); part 4: 3.2 x 12.1 cm (1 1/4 x 4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Educational Purchase Fund, 1929.566", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Sandals (mitalawanda / mitawanda) or Clogs (kiatu cha mti)", "creation_date": "c. 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, unidentified carver"], "technique": "Wood and glass beads", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Overall: 6 x 10.2 cm (2 3/8 x 4 in.); Part 2: 4.5 x 12.4 cm (1 3/4 x 4 7/8 in.); Part 3: 6 x 9.5 cm (2 3/8 x 3 3/4 in.); Part 4: 3.2 x 12.1 cm (1 1/4 x 4 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.06, "width": 0.102, "length": 0.292}, "part 2": {"height": 0.045, "width": 0.124}, "part 3": {"height": 0.06, "width": 0.095, "length": 0.292}, "part 4": {"height": 0.032, "width": 0.121}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 446033, "title": "Arts of Africa", "description": "Arts of Africa. 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Original object card, curatorial file.
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Formerly enslaved people living along the coast wore simpler ones from the 1840s onward, adopting elite footwear to assert their liberation. However, slave traders like the Zanzibari \u201cTippu Tip\u201d (c. 1832\u20131905) likely brought mitalawanda to Central Africa; stylistic elements of this pair hail from that region.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80003247"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.566-patten-type-shoes-wi", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.566-sandals-mitalawanda"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cPermanent Collection Installations: Arts of Africa: Gallery Rotation.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 62, no.4 (December 2022): 12-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 13.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.566", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.566/1929.566_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "556", "filesize": "150055", "filename": "1929.566_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.566/1929.566_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2099", "filesize": "926163", "filename": "1929.566_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.566/1929.566_full.tif", "width": "6902", "height": "4260", "filesize": "88232244", "filename": "1929.566_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-05-06T09:14:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.566/1929.566_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "602", "filesize": "95302"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.566/1929.566_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2273", "filesize": "803486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.566/1929.566_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8772", "height": "5864", "filesize": "154344488"}}], "creditline": "Educational Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "0912b44e99ee4a85b529f99567dcdb84", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/0912b44e99ee4a85b529f99567dcdb84", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111077, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-09-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:02:38.842000"}, {"id": 140259, "accession_number": "1964.237", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase in the Form of Archaic Hu, 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911). Pale greenish-white jade with brown markings; overall: 14.4 cm (5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.237", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Vase in the Form of Archaic Hu", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"], "technique": "pale greenish-white jade with brown markings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Overall: 14.4 cm (5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.144}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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[1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1936?\u20131964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Appreciated for its durability, hardness, luster, and subdued colors, jade was considered one of the most precious materials in China.", "description": "The square vase made entirely of jade imitates a ceramic or metal type with a corded string around its shoulder. Superbly carved are also the rings that hang loosely in handles held by feline animal heads.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759159"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.237-vase-in-the-form-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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Jean-Baptiste Defernex (French, c. 1729\u20131783). Terracotta; overall: 39.3 x 24.6 x 14.7 cm (15 1/2 x 9 11/16 x 5 13/16 in.); without base: 31.5 cm (12 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.155", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "1759", "creation_date_earliest": 1759, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 39.3 x 24.6 x 14.7 cm (15 1/2 x 9 11/16 x 5 13/16 in.); without base: 31.5 cm (12 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.393, "width": 0.246, "depth": 0.147}, "without base": {"height": 0.315}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed on cut of left proper arm: \"p[ar?] j. B, F, Defernex 1759\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "cat. no. 265, p. 102", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.155", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.155/1989.155_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "893", "filesize": "309228", "filename": "1989.155_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.155/1989.155_print.jpg", "width": "2375", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4788894", "filename": "1989.155_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.155/1989.155_full.tif", "width": "4208", "height": "6025", "filesize": "76118508", "filename": "1989.155_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-11T14:26:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "309315"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2467", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4808336"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4336", "height": "5976", "filesize": "77801664"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-11T14:53:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "604", "height": "893", "filesize": "284237"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2299", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4492986"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3914", "height": "5789", "filesize": "68040432"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-11T15:21:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "893", "filesize": "316969"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2519", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4965611"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.155/1989.155_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4256", "height": "5744", "filesize": "73400752"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. 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Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 4.7 x 19.4 cm (1 7/8 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.188", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Saucer (Soucoupe)", "creation_date": "1753\u201354", "creation_date_earliest": 1753, "creation_date_latest": 1754, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 4.7 x 19.4 cm (1 7/8 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.047, "width": 0.194}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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Objects decorated with this color through this complicated process were among the most expensive items produced.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780849"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.188-saucer", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.188-saucer-soucoupe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"European Porcelain: The Millikin Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 1 (1993): 3-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: back cover, p. 27; Mentioned: p. 27-28, fig. 20", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161384"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.188", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.188/1989.188_web.jpg", "width": "915", "height": "893", "filesize": "469033", "filename": "1989.188_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.188/1989.188_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3317", "filesize": "5637242", "filename": "1989.188_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.188/1989.188_full.tif", "width": "3482", "height": "3397", "filesize": "35517868", "filename": "1989.188_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-18T18:24:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.188/1989.188_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "896", "height": "893", "filesize": "304488"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.188/1989.188_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3384", "height": "3372", "filesize": "5393482"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.188/1989.188_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3384", "height": "3372", "filesize": "34262368"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. 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Wade Fund, 2006.3", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Overmantel Mirror", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "carved giltwood and glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 78 x 186 cm (30 11/16 x 73 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.78, "width": 1.86}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). 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He saw himself as much more sophisticated and worldly, and in the world of design, harbored a love of all things French and modern, whereas George II was staunchly conservative and favored earlier historicist styles. The subtle carved plumes carved into this mirror suggest the political leanings of the owner who must have favored the prince over the king, a bold statement that would have been evident to anyone at the time. As it turns out, the rivalry dissipated when Frederick died prematurely at the age of 44, leaving his own eldest son to succeed his grandfather as George III in 1760.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760909"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.3-overmantel-mirror"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Droth, Martina, and Penelope Curtis. Taking Shape: Finding Sculpture in the Decorative Arts: An Exhibition Co-Organised by the Henry Moore Institute, Leeds and the J. 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Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; page: 38 x 24.8 cm (14 15/16 x 9 3/4 in.). 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Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 21.7 x 31 cm (8 9/16 x 12 3/16 in.); image: 19.1 x 28.3 cm (7 1/2 x 11 1/8 in.). 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Ishwari Singh of Sirmur; number 189. sorath\u0101. thak\u012b jara\u1e43ga n\u012b jah\u012b sunata n\u0101da bisa m\u0101dha bha\u012b. tisat\u012b thak\u012b gah\u012b gay\u012b k\u0101ma kam\u012b dhucadh\u0101 imano. caupai. ika tr\u012bya murach\u012b bhum\u012b para para\u012b. ika tr\u012bya g\u012brata ardharadhara dhara\u012b. ek nena so nena m\u012blave. taji sara eka nikata cal\u012b \u0101ve. ek na paharete c\u012bra sambh\u0101r\u0101. vy\u0101kala bha\u012b chut\u012b gaye bar\u0101. ekana bh\u016bkhana dhare ut\u0101r\u012b. ekana taji kancuk\u012b s\u0101r\u012b. eka n\u0101r\u012b cal\u012b uth\u012b sa\u1e43g\u0101. jaise dh\u016bn\u012b mun\u012b cale kura\u1e43ga. doha. k\u0101ma dhukha sara pa\u1e43ca le m\u0101r\u012b tr\u012bha t\u012b s\u012b\u1e6dha\u012b. m\u0101dhavanala mohi save sa\u1e43ga p\u0101ra\u012b k\u012b na\u012b.", "inscription_translation": "Inscription Translation: Some women followed Madhava like elephants in musth. They were so entranced that they fell to the ground as though struck by Kamadeva\u2019s arrows. The women who had come to the well forgot to fetch water and behaved mesmerized. One woman fainted and fell on the ground, while another woman held herself up to keep from falling. One woman\u2019s gaze fixed upon Madhava\u2019s eyes, while the other began walking towards Madhava, entranced. One woman took her clothes off, while the other\u2019s sari began slipping off. One woman began walking away with Madhava. The magic of Madhava\u2019s music has captivated these women. One woman began walking with Madhava like a deer follows one playing music. Like the moon, Madhava enchanted all of these women.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2108\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mesmerized women sitting by the well are removing their jewelry.", "description": "The raptures of Madhava\u2019s audience intensify. As he plays, the music becomes increasingly climactic. Several women stand immobilized; others make emotive gestures. Some faint, while others feel compelled to remove their clothes and jewelry. Written by a Sufi Muslim poet embracing mysticism, the story shows how devotees should feel toward Allah, god of Islam. In the Hindu courts of Pahari India, however, the story provided entertainment for the educated elite. The women\u2019s ecstasies can also be viewed in the context of the Hindu devotional movement (bhakti), characterized by using poetry and art to stir a sense of erotic love for Krishna or Rama.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483039"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.91-a-group-of-women-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 102-109, no. 19c", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.91", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.91/2018.91_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "635", "filesize": "238738", "filename": "2018.91_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.91/2018.91_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2397", "filesize": "2677195", "filename": "2018.91_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.91/2018.91_full.tif", "width": "7757", "height": "5468", "filesize": "127285576", "filename": "2018.91_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T17:17:19.018000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.91/2018.91_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "633", "filesize": "211171"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.91/2018.91_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2390", "filesize": "2329736"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.91/2018.91_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7794", "height": "5478", "filesize": "128124776"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314217, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A group of women in ecstasy before Madhava, from a Madhavanala Kamakandala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.512000"}, {"id": 314218, "accession_number": "2018.92", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "King Vikrama summons Madhava, folio 15 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala, c. 1720. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 21.2 x 30.7 cm (8 3/8 x 12 1/16 in.); image: 18.7 x 28.6 cm (7 3/8 x 11 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.92", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "King Vikrama summons Madhava, folio 15 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 21.2 x 30.7 cm (8 3/8 x 12 1/16 in.); Image: 18.7 x 28.6 cm (7 3/8 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.212, "width": 0.307}, "image": {"height": 0.187, "width": 0.286}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Roman numeral: VIII \nK. Iswari Singh of Sirmoor", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Descendant of the royal family of Bilaspur", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "caupai. calio kataka k\u0101mavat\u012b des\u0101. dharati dhase bh\u0101ra sahe na ses\u0101. j\u0101 d\u012bna gay\u012b to peyano k\u0101\u012b. d\u0101sa kayi digapat\u012b barahara\u012b. tar\u012b k\u012b khur\u012b so khe\u012b ud\u0101\u012b. dharat\u012b suraga eka ho j\u0101\u012b. j\u012bha r\u0101j\u0101 ki sima ja\u012b. le gaja danda mil\u0101\u012b so \u0101\u012b. m\u0101dhavanala \u0101ge kar l\u012b\u0101. j\u012bh\u012b eha prema pasar\u0101 kiy\u0101. doh\u0101. r\u0101j\u0101 b\u012bkramase\u1e43na val\u012b uhane s\u0101na baj\u0101e. k\u0101mavat\u012b ke n\u012bkata \u012bha nad\u012b ta\u1e6da utari jv\u0101e.", "inscription_translation": "Quatrain in Takri: The troops [of King Vikrama] began marching towards the city of Kamavati. The earth quaked at the march of the army and Shesha felt unable to bear the weight of the earth. Dust raised by the horses\u2019 hooves filled the sky and covered the sun; it looked as if the earth and the sky were one. Arriving at the border of Kamavati, King Vikrama set up his encampment on the riverbank and summoned Madhava.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Madhava is depicted in an emaciated form unlike his other representations in the manuscript.", "description": "Having arrived at the border of his enemy\u2019s kingdom, Madhava\u2019s ally, King Vikrama, encamps by the riverbank. A crown and subtle halo behind his face testify to his righteousness. Separated from his beloved, Madhava has become so miserable that he has been unable to eat. Clutching his vina (stringed instrument), he converses with the king about how to accomplish his reunion with Kamakandala. The king promises to bring them back together.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483041"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.92-king-bikramaditya-su"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 102\u2013109, no. 19d", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.92", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.92/2018.92_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "630", "filesize": "244326", "filename": "2018.92_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.92/2018.92_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2380", "filesize": "2633497", "filename": "2018.92_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.92/2018.92_full.tif", "width": "7697", "height": "5387", "filesize": "124431716", "filename": "2018.92_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T17:21:06.024000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.92/2018.92_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "621", "filesize": "203042"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.92/2018.92_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2346", "filesize": "2198542"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.92/2018.92_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7710", "height": "5321", "filesize": "123112840"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314218, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madhava in a Tent before King Bikramaditya", "King Bikramaditya Summons Madhava, from a Madhavanala Kamakandala", "King Vikrama Summons Madhava, from a Madhavanala Kamakandala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.587000"}, {"id": 314219, "accession_number": "2018.93", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Madhava plays his vina before five women drawing water from a well, folio 3 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala, c. 1720. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 19.1 x 28.6 cm (7 1/2 x 11 1/4 in.); page: 21.7 x 30.9 cm (8 9/16 x 12 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.93", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Madhava plays his vina before five women drawing water from a well, folio 3 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 19.1 x 28.6 cm (7 1/2 x 11 1/4 in.); Page: 21.7 x 30.9 cm (8 9/16 x 12 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.217, "width": 0.309}, "image": {"height": 0.191, "width": 0.286}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Takri number: 3; four lines of Takri script; (in English) Roman numeral: X -K. Iswari Singh of Sirmur; number 188. caupai. calio kataka k\u0101mavat\u012b des\u0101. dharati dhase bh\u0101ra sahe na ses\u0101. j\u0101 d\u012bna gay\u012b to peyano k\u0101\u012b. d\u0101sa kayi digapat\u012b barahara\u012b. tar\u012b k\u012b khur\u012b so khe\u012b ud\u0101\u012b. dharat\u012b suraga eka ho j\u0101\u012b. j\u012bha r\u0101j\u0101 ki sima ja\u012b. le gaja danda mil\u0101\u012b so \u0101\u012b. m\u0101dhavanala \u0101ge kar l\u012b\u0101. j\u012bh\u012b eha prema pasar\u0101 kiy\u0101. doh\u0101. r\u0101j\u0101 b\u012bkramase\u1e43na val\u012b uhane s\u0101na baj\u0101e. k\u0101mavat\u012b ke n\u012bkata \u012bha nad\u012b ta\u1e6da utari jv\u0101e.", "inscription_translation": "One morning Madhavanala went out to bathe by the well. After performing ablutions, he put a tilak (sectarian mark) on his forehead and began strumming upon his lute. The womenfolk of Pushpavati who had arrived at the well to fetch water felt so entranced on hearing Madhava\u2019s singing they droppedthe pitchers from their heads on the ground. Madhava captivated the ladies of Pushpavati with his music.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The vina is an Indian stringed instrument with gourd attached on each end as a resonator.", "description": "One morning, Madhava sits beneath a tree to play his vina (stringed instrument). At this hour, women come to a well to draw water. Time unfolds across the figures of the five women. Two pull their full water pots from the well. One stops abruptly, hearing his musical strains. Two have become so entranced that they drop and break their pots in surprise and listen with delight.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483028"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.93-madhava-plays-his-vi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 102-109, no. 19b", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.93", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.93/2018.93_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "640", "filesize": "237816", "filename": "2018.93_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.93/2018.93_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2416", "filesize": "2661794", "filename": "2018.93_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.93/2018.93_full.tif", "width": "7727", "height": "5490", "filesize": "127303536", "filename": "2018.93_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T17:24:16.086000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.93/2018.93_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "632", "filesize": "198283"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.93/2018.93_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2387", "filesize": "2297696"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.93/2018.93_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7762", "height": "5450", "filesize": "126946300"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314219, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madhava Enchants Women Drawing Water from a Well", "Madhava plays his vina before five women drawing water from a well, from a Madhavanala Kamakandala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-06 21:30:26.926000"}, {"id": 314221, "accession_number": "2018.94", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kamakandala dies on hearing the news of Madhava\u2019s death, folio 19 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala of Alam, c. 1720. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 17.6 x 28.5 cm (6 15/16 x 11 1/4 in.); page: 20.2 x 31 cm (7 15/16 x 12 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.94", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Kamakandala dies on hearing the news of Madhava\u2019s death, folio 19 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala of Alam", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 17.6 x 28.5 cm (6 15/16 x 11 1/4 in.); Page: 20.2 x 31 cm (7 15/16 x 12 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.202, "width": 0.31}, "image": {"height": 0.176, "width": 0.285}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Takri number \u201819\u2019 on verso; four lines of Takri script; (in English) Roman numeral: VII; K. Iswari Singh of Sirmur; number 191. caupai. kapata nahe r\u0101j\u0101 ucara\u012b. duhu tana pr\u012bta par\u012bch\u0101 kara\u012b. mai dekhyo m\u0101dhavanala jog\u012b. nagara ujain\u012b birah\u012b biyog\u012b. n\u0101r\u012b b\u012byoge t\u0101h\u012b dukha bhayo. v\u012brahe sula vipa mar\u012b gayo. aise bacana jaba raye sunaye. lobha na dino su\u0101s ko gaye ah\u012b sa\u1e43g\u012b pr\u0101na. sunata hi jaise pi\u1e43gala kin\u0101. vaise jiyu kandal\u0101 jin\u0101. sakhiy\u0101\u1e43 jan jo n\u0101r\u012b dh\u0101r\u012b. jano baras ek ki m\u0101ri. baithe dasan jibha bhari k\u0101ri. jhamake naina chuti gayi n\u0101ri. rovati sakhi chori ke kes\u0101. r\u0101j\u0101 jibha mai kari andes\u0101. jiha laga bipa ito dukha kin\u0101. tina trih\u0101 bacana sunata jiva din\u0101. doh\u0101. ali biyoga jima malat\u012b sukh\u012b pallav\u0101 sul\u0101. dukhata muta bhay\u012b kama basa sah\u012b na sakata ur\u012b sula. caupai. gaye pr\u0101na k\u0101ma mari gayi. r\u0101j\u0101 ke man chint\u0101 bha\u012b. sir dhuni dhuni dehe pr\u0101na. kat ho bacana munavahi k\u0101na. kauna utar\u012b ho b\u012bp\u0101t\u012b deve. vaha mari j\u0101y\u012b dokha yohi leve. chali kar\u012b t\u012braha badha main k\u012bn\u0101. jan\u012b bujh\u012b p\u0101pa mai lin\u0101.", "inscription_translation": "While Bikramaditya was convinced that Kandala's love for Madhava is as strong as Madhava's for her, Bikramaditya intended to put Kandala to a final test. He told Kandala that he saw a hermit in Ujjain by the name Madhavanala who was suffering with pangs of separation from his paramour. Unable to bear with the pain, the hermit gave his life. Kandala was deeply affected on hearing of Madhavanala's death from the king's own lips. She cried 'Oh beloved!' and collapsed in a faint. Her tongue started turning black and her friends out of shock began crying and wailing. Unable to bear the sorrow of Madhava\u2019s death, Kandala died within moments. Raja Bikramaditya became distressed with Kandala\u2019s death and regretted not being able to fulfil his promise to Madhava (of having him united with Kandala). Bikramaditya blamed himself for the death of Kandala and the sin of murdering a human unintentionally.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The scene is set at night with a star-studded sky.", "description": "Having seen how desperately Madhava loves Kamakandala, King Vikrama decides to test Kamakandala to ensure she loves him equally. Time is compressed in this scene. King Vikrama is shown delivering the false news that Madhava died from a broken heart. In response, Kamakandala faints, and her friend sees that her tongue has turned black, according to the poem. Kamakandala then dies, and her friends cry and wail, letting their hair loose in an act of mourning; the king\u2019s groom looks downcast.
At the end, Madhava dies after hearing of Kamakandala\u2019s death. King Vikrama is seized with deep regret, until a celestial being restores their lives, and the lovers are reunited.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483031"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.94-kandala-dies-on-hear"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 102-109, no. 19e", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.94", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.94/2018.94_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "593", "filesize": "238740", "filename": "2018.94_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.94/2018.94_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2239", "filesize": "2520551", "filename": "2018.94_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.94/2018.94_full.tif", "width": "7753", "height": "5106", "filesize": "118800920", "filename": "2018.94_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T17:33:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.94/2018.94_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "593", "filesize": "216774"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.94/2018.94_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2239", "filesize": "2439801"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.94/2018.94_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7764", "height": "5112", "filesize": "119106864"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314221, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Raja Bikramaditya Breaks to Kandala the News of Madhava\u2019s Death", "Kamakandala dies on hearing the news of Madhava\u2019s death, from a Madhavanala Kamakandala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.731000"}, {"id": 314222, "accession_number": "2018.95", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Madhava faces a man holding a scale, folio 1 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala, c. 1720. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; painting: 19.2 x 28.7 cm (7 9/16 x 11 5/16 in.); page: 21.8 x 30.4 cm (8 9/16 x 11 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.95", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Madhava faces a man holding a scale, folio 1 from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1730, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 19.2 x 28.7 cm (7 9/16 x 11 5/16 in.); Page: 21.8 x 30.4 cm (8 9/16 x 11 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.218, "width": 0.304}, "painting": {"height": 0.192, "width": 0.287}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Takri number \u20181\u2019 on verso; one line of Takri script; (in English) Roman numeral: XI; K. Iswari Singh of Sirmur; puhp\u0101vat\u012b nagar\u012b \u012bka sun\u0101. gobi\u1e43dacha\u1e43da raj\u0101 bahugun\u0101.", "inscription_translation": "In the city of Puhpavati (Pushpavati) ruled Raja Gobinda Chanda, the great connoisseur of arts.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "K. Ishwari Singh of Sirmaur", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "until ?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ananda K. Coomaraswamy [1877\u20131947]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131947", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Rama Coomaraswamy [1929\u20132006]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, Los Angeles", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973\u20132018", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the first page in the series, five of which are in the Cleveland Museum of Art collection.", "description": "In the opening page of the series, the artist sets the scene in the city of Pushpavati. The protagonist Madhava holds a stringed instrument (vina), which he plays so bewitchingly that women become entranced. His good looks and musical talent earn him extra riches, which are being presented to him at the lower left. Other Brahmin priests and members of the nobility become jealous.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483032"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.95-madhava-faces-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 102-109, no. 19a", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.95", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.95/2018.95_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "628", "filesize": "233332", "filename": "2018.95_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.95/2018.95_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2371", "filesize": "2641287", "filename": "2018.95_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.95/2018.95_full.tif", "width": "7827", "height": "5458", "filesize": "128199384", "filename": "2018.95_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T17:27:28.033000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.95/2018.95_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "623", "filesize": "182313"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.95/2018.95_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2353", "filesize": "2278587"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.95/2018.95_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7849", "height": "5432", "filesize": "127944568"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314222, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Inside a building, Madhava sits facing a man holding a scale, from a Madhavanala Kamakandala series", "Madhava faces a man holding a scale, from a Madhavanala-Kamakandala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.788000"}, {"id": 314227, "accession_number": "2018.98", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Goddess standing on a mountaintop, c. 1720. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 28.1 x 18.4 cm (11 1/16 x 7 1/4 in.); image: 24.9 x 15.3 cm (9 13/16 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.98", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Goddess standing on a mountaintop", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 28.1 x 18.4 cm (11 1/16 x 7 1/4 in.); Image: 24.9 x 15.3 cm (9 13/16 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.281, "width": 0.184}, "image": {"height": 0.249, "width": 0.153}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "67. 30. 83", "inscription_translation": "[Numbers] 67, 30, 83", "inscription_remark": "Mandi royal stamp bearing number 3839", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Royal Mandi Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Ramesh Kapoor Gallery, New York, NY, sold to Ralph and Catherine Glynn Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u2013July 1980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "July 1980\u20132001", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001\u20132018", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Goddess is wearing a garland of corpses.", "description": "The four-armed goddess, whose name remains unknown, presides over a scene of carnage. Two dark-skinned women offer halved heads full of blood. A buffalo that stands for her devotees\u2019 enemies has been sacrificed. Jackals and birds of prey cheerfully take away shares of flesh.
An important aspect of religious practice in the northwest Himalayas, the worship of fierce goddesses was thought to aid their devotees in conquering enemies, psychological and otherwise. She wears the enemies as corpses in her ears and as a garland around her neck.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483045"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.98-the-goddess-kali-sta"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 136-137, no. 30", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.98", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.98/2018.98_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "305152", "filename": "2018.98_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.98/2018.98_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3828529", "filename": "2018.98_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.98/2018.98_full.tif", "width": "7821", "height": "11709", "filesize": "274759782", "filename": "2018.98_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T16:00:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "598", "height": "900", "filesize": "271425"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2258", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2927028"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5513", "height": "8303", "filesize": "137364368"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-26T15:57:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "306", "height": "900", "filesize": "79360"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1157", "height": "3400", "filesize": "726134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2884", "height": "8477", "filesize": "73377984"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-28T15:32:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "225982"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3629743"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7821", "height": "11709", "filesize": "274756102"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-28T15:33:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "231761"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3855119"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7821", "height": "11708", "filesize": "274731994"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-28T15:30:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "240065"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4045610"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.98/2018.98_alt4_full.tif", "width": "7821", "height": "11709", "filesize": "274755222"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314227, "creators": [{"id": 314229, "description": "Master of the court of Mandi (Indian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The goddess Kali standing upon a mountaintop", "The Goddess Kali Standing on a Mountaintop"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:48.898000"}, {"id": 96786, "accession_number": "1916.50", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Flintlock Pistols, early 1700s. Franco-Flemish, Li\u00e8ge, early 18th century. Steel with gold inlay, gilt-brass mounts; walnut burl stock; chiseled high-relief decoration; overall: 49.5 cm (19 1/2 in.); barrel: 32.1 cm (12 5/8 in.); bore: 1.5 cm (9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.50", "current_location": "210C Firearms", "title": "Pair of Flintlock Pistols", "creation_date": "early 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Franco-Flemish, Li\u00e8ge, early 18th century"], "technique": "steel with gold inlay, gilt-brass mounts; walnut burl stock; chiseled high-relief decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 49.5 cm (19 1/2 in.); Barrel: 32.1 cm (12 5/8 in.); Bore: 1.5 cm (9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.495}, "barrel": {"length": 0.321}, "bore": {"width": 0.015}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "G. MASSIN", "inscription_translation": "A gunsmith working in eastern France or French-speaking Flanders, possibly in the city of Li\u00e8ge", "inscription_remark": "on barrel", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The flintlock ignition system was developed in the 1600s and remained the dominant system until the early 1800s.", "description": "Works of exquisite craftsmanship, this pair of pistols, on view in the museum\u2019s armor court, feature an array of decorative elements, including carved walnut, gold inlay, and chiseled, engraved, and gilded figural designs. The barrel is signed G. MASSIN, the name of a gunsmith working in eastern France or French-speaking Flanders, possibly the city of Li\u00e8ge.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779931"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.50-pair-of-flintlock-pi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 4, 17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (261) 288", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n519"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149, F16; Reproduced: Plate XXXIV, F16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n221"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n47"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 173, cat. no. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 193, cat. no. 218", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.50/1916.50_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "458", "filesize": "75156", "filename": "1916.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.50/1916.50_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1731", "filesize": "742764", "filename": "1916.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.50/1916.50_full.tif", "width": "10800", "height": "5498", "filesize": "178159196", "filename": "1916.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-04-26T20:09:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "661", "filesize": "121755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2498", "filesize": "1534918"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3673", "filesize": "55120080"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T20:09:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "689", "filesize": "194384"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2602", "filesize": "1928752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3826", "filesize": "57416420"}}, {"date_created": "2016-04-26T17:15:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "464", "filesize": "82069"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1751", "filesize": "796171"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10721", "height": "5520", "filesize": "177565328"}}, {"date_created": "2007-04-26T20:09:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "746", "height": "900", "filesize": "168028"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2819", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1867989"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4145", "height": "5000", "filesize": "62203896"}}, {"date_created": "2016-04-26T17:15:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "474", "filesize": "86239"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1791", "filesize": "851123"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt4_full.tif", "width": "10052", "height": "5294", "filesize": "159672080"}}, {"date_created": "2016-04-26T17:15:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "531", "filesize": "92194"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2007", "filesize": "875260"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.50/1916.50_alt5_full.tif", "width": "10795", "height": "6372", "filesize": "206387464"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96786, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:25.412000"}, {"id": 170246, "accession_number": "2012.42", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pipe Bowl, possibly 1800s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Southern Nguni-style maker. Nephrite and metal; overall: 5.5 cm (2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2012.42", "current_location": "108B Southern African", "title": "Pipe Bowl", "creation_date": "possibly 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Southern Nguni-style maker"], "technique": "Nephrite and metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Overall: 5.5 cm (2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.055}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "David Lewin, London, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by at least 2007\u2013latest 2011", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Jacaranda LLC, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012\u2013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This object is made of nephrite, one of two different mineral species called jade; the other is jadeite.", "description": "Carved from a deep green, translucent stone with a highly polished surface, this exquisite example of an extremely rare type of pipe bowl originates from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Like the few other known examples, this pipe bowl would have been complemented by a stem, now lost, made from wood or reed or another less durable material. It is believed that such nephrite pipe bowls were copied from stone examples introduced by 17th-century Dutch settlers in the Cape region. In southern Africa, smoking tobacco and taking snuff were and still are enjoyed as activities that establish or solidify harmonious social relationships. In addition to their practical function as smoking devices, pipes of unusual and therefore costly materials and in fancy and refined shapes and forms, like this example, served as markers of rank and status and indicated prestige and socioeconomic prominence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756840"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.42-pipe-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Art and Ambiguity: Perspectives on the Brenthurst Collection of Southern African Art, exhibition catalogue, 1991, Johannesburg Art Gallery.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Klopper, Sandra and Karel Nel, The Art of Southeast Africa from the Conru Collection, Milan: 5 Continents, 2008.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lewin, David 2007, The Spirit of Africa: Southern Africa by Design, exhibition catalogue, 24 April- 30 September, Clayarch Gimhae Museum, Gyeongsangnam-ho, South Korea.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ratzel, Friedrich, The History of Mankind: (V. 2) (1896-98), Cornell University Library's Digital Collection, 2009.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 53 no. 02, March/April 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-02/page/n23"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.42", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.42/2012.42_web.jpg", "width": "985", "height": "893", "filesize": "36361", "filename": "2012.42_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.42/2012.42_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3083", "filesize": "557001", "filename": "2012.42_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.42/2012.42_full.tif", "width": "3658", "height": "3317", "filesize": "36439920", "filename": "2012.42_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-07-12T13:48:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.42/2012.42_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "953", "height": "893", "filesize": "32519"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.42/2012.42_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3185", "filesize": "454896"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2012.42/2012.42_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3648", "height": "3418", "filesize": "37444188"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170246, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:07.786000"}, {"id": 107277, "accession_number": "1925.1239.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Views: The Canal Lock at Dolo, 1735\u201346. Antonio Canaletto (Italian, 1697\u20131768). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1925.1239.6", "current_location": null, "title": "Views: The Canal Lock at Dolo", "creation_date": "1735\u201346", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1746, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "etching", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.284, "width": 0.427}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/II ; II/III", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 356311, "title": "Prints by Canaletto and Piranesi", "description": "Prints by Canaletto and Piranesi. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 15, 1936-January 7, 1937).", "opening_date": "1936-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 345323, "title": "18th Century Italian Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "18th Century Italian Prints from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-April 1, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301501, "title": "40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 3, 1959-January 20, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311461, "title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318307, "title": "A Lasting Impression: Gifts of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "A Lasting Impression: Gifts of the Print Club of Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 5-September 22, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-05-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1925.1244"], "did_you_know": "Dolo, the town depicted here, was a popular site of country homes for wealthy inhabitants of Venice nearby.", "description": "Antonio Canaletto took up etching as an extension of his painting practice, which consisted of representing topographical views of Venice for wealthy patrons. This print belongs to a series he made of rural scenery outside the city\u2014here, the village of Dolo and its canal. Etching provided the artist with a means of formal experimentation, and he became a master of describing Venice\u2019s distinctive buildings and the reflections and shadows from its many canals. Prints also provided the artist with a steady income; this series was likely marketed to affluent British tourists as a souvenir.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894931"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.1239.6-views-the-canal-lock"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Etchings by Canaletto.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 13, no. 6 (June 1926): 143", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138; Mentioned: p. 143", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136939"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n55"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 633", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n118"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "De Vesme 449.6 of a set of 31 ; Bromberg 6 second state c", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.1239.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1239.6/1925.1239.6_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "882", "filesize": "1037900", "filename": "1925.1239.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1239.6/1925.1239.6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2375", "filesize": "8004827", "filename": "1925.1239.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1239.6/1925.1239.6_full.tif", "width": "5248", "height": "3666", "filesize": "57752224", "filename": "1925.1239.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 107277, "creators": [{"id": 11939, "description": "Antonio Canaletto (Italian, 1697\u20131768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1697", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1735\u201346", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1925.1239", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:24.629000"}, {"id": 149176, "accession_number": "1977.93", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Fables of La Fontaine: The Fox and the Turkey Hens, 1733. Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755). Brush and black ink and gray wash heightened with white gouache, blue ink in margin; framing lines in brown ink; image: 24 x 18.8 cm (9 7/16 x 7 3/8 in.); sheet: 31 x 26 cm (12 3/16 x 10 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1977.93", "current_location": null, "title": "The Fox and the Turkey Hens", "series": "The Fables of La Fontaine", "creation_date": "1733", "creation_date_earliest": 1733, "creation_date_latest": 1733, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "brush and black ink and gray wash heightened with white gouache, blue ink in margin; framing lines in brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 24 x 18.8 cm (9 7/16 x 7 3/8 in.); Sheet: 31 x 26 cm (12 3/16 x 10 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.31, "width": 0.26}, "image": {"height": 0.24, "width": 0.188}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in brown ink: JB. Oudry / 1733; VERSO, upper center, in brown ink: 103.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "Year in Review: 1977. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304539, "title": "Brush Drawings", "description": "Brush Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 3-May 10, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309513, "title": "Paper: The Continuous Thread", "description": "Paper: The Continuous Thread. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 31-October 24, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-08-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309877, "title": "Nocturnal Impressions", "description": "Nocturnal Impressions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 12, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 543573, "title": "Fairy Tales and Fables: Illustration and Storytelling in Art", "description": "Fairy Tales and Fables: Illustration and Storytelling in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 4-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-05-04T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "17th and 18th Century Genre and French Drawings, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Montenault", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1751 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "the bothers De Bure", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1828 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[sale of J.-J. De Bure, 1853, no. 344]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Adolphe Thibaudeau", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Solar sale, 1860, no. 627]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Morgand, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1876 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "M. Roederer, Reims", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Rosenbach, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1930 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "all according to Opperman 1977, p. 683: collection of the artist; c. 1751sold to Montenault (not in Lugt). the bothers De Bure, by 1828 (not in Lugt); [sale of J.-J. De Bure, 1853, no. 344] (no sale listed by Lugt); Adolphe Thibaudeau (no article in Lugt, but see under 2473). [Solar sale, 1860, no. 627] (sale not cited by Lugt). Morgand, Paris, c. 1876 (not in Lugt); M. Roederer, Reims (not in Lugt); Rosenbach, New York, c. 1930 (not in Lugt); Private collection, New York. [Claus Virch]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The most recent edition of La Fontaine\u2019s Fables illustrated by Oudry was a colored version produced in 2007 by Editions Diane de Selliers.", "description": "This drawing depicts a fable about turkeys whose anxieties about falling victim to a fox ultimately make them susceptible to the predator. It was one of 276 designs produced by Jean-Baptiste Oudry related to humorous but educational stories compiled by French poet Jean de La Fontaine in the later 1600s. Published in four luxurious volumes between 1755 and 1759, The Fables of La Fontaine withOudry\u2019s illustrations was one of the most ambitious publishing projects of the artist\u2019s time. The books were art objects meant to be collected more than read, but they were successful enough that they were reissued several times in later centuries.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930167"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.93-the-fox-and-the-turk"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Webb, Sheila, and Cleveland Museum of Art. Paper, the Continuous Thread. Cleveland, OH: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43, no. 34; Mentioned: p. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Montan\u0303\u00e9s-Lleras, Susana. \u201cFairy Tales and Fables\" The transformation of illustration in the long 19th century.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 64, no. 1 (2024): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-01/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Montan\u0303\u00e9s-lleras, Susana. \u201cOf Technology and Fantasy: fairy tales, fables, and the transformation of illustration in the long 19th century.\u201d Gramarye : The Journal of the Sussex Centre for Folklore, Fairy Tales and Fantasy 28 (Winter 2025): 51-65.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 53, fig. 3, Mentioned: p. 56-59.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.93", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.93/1977.93_web.jpg", "width": "751", "height": "893", "filesize": "136848", "filename": "1977.93_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.93/1977.93_print.jpg", "width": "2861", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2414895", "filename": "1977.93_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.93/1977.93_full.tif", "width": "5582", "height": "6633", "filesize": "111098272", "filename": "1977.93_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149176, "creators": [{"id": 1949, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-10-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1733, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1733", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Fox and the Turkey Hens: Illustration for the Fables of La Fontaine"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:52.544000"}, {"id": 154893, "accession_number": "1989.46", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Guilty and Repentant Daughter, early 1770s. Jean-Baptiste Greuze (French, 1725\u20131805). Brush and black and gray wash over black chalk; sheet: 49.8 x 64.3 cm (19 5/8 x 25 5/16 in.); secondary support: 49.8 x 64.3 cm (19 5/8 x 25 5/16 in.); tertiary support: 61.3 x 78.8 cm (24 1/8 x 31 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1989.46", "current_location": null, "title": "The Guilty and Repentant Daughter", "creation_date": "early 1770s", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "brush and black and gray wash over black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper, perimeter mounted to cream(3) board, hinged to tertiary support of board", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 49.8 x 64.3 cm (19 5/8 x 25 5/16 in.); Secondary Support: 49.8 x 64.3 cm (19 5/8 x 25 5/16 in.); Tertiary Support: 61.3 x 78.8 cm (24 1/8 x 31 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.498, "width": 0.643}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.498, "width": 0.643}, "tertiary support": {"height": 0.613, "width": 0.788}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "secondary support, upper center, in graphite: 60_ x 78 / vue du cadre [upside down]; on 19th-century backing of old frame, upper center, in black ink: Cabinet de Mr Clu Magne; upper center, in brown ink: La fille Coupable et Repentante / D\u00e9ssin\u00e9 par J. B. Greuze [overlined and underlined]; center, in black ink: M \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "The Year in Review for 1989. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 6-April 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311433, "title": "Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988", "description": "Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222363, "title": "Greuze, The Draftsman", "description": "Greuze, The Draftsman. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (September 10-December 1, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Master Drawings 1550-1850. Didier Aaron, Inc., New York and London (1988).", "opening_date": "1988-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Comte Magne [?-1902], Marseilles", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Inscription on frame verso (\"de M. Cte. Magne, Fille copuable et repentante, dessin\u00e9 par J.B. Greuze\").
"], "date": "?-1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Drouot, Paris, Comte Magne sale, January 25, 1902, no. 21)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Catalogue de dessins, aquarelles, pastels en majeure partie de l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle...provenant de la collection de M.C. Magne, de Marseille (Paris: Hotel Drouot, 1902), no. 21 (as \"La Fille coupable et repentie, important dessin \u00e0 l'encre de Chine\").
Important Old Master Drawings (London: Christie, Manson, & Woods Ltd, 1984), no. 121 (repr.; as \"Property of a Lady\").
"], "date": "1984", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Kate de Rothschild - Didier Aaron et Cie., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Master Drawings 1550-1850 (New York and London: Kate de Rothschild-Didier Aaron, 1988), no. 41 (repr.).
"], "date": "probably 1984-1989", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1989-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The man who served as the model for the father in Greuze's drawing also appears as a butcher in another sheet by the artist.", "description": "This drawing belongs to a group of highly finished drawings created by Jean-Baptiste Greuze during the 1770s, many of which focused on family crises and were characterized by groups of figures set in shallow interior spaces. Although the precise subject of the work is unknown, it shows a father and his son kneeling before him. The title, which comes from an inscription on the drawing's original frame, refers to the girl entering the room at right, who is presumably disgraced due to a pregnancy out of wedlock. She is preceded by a woman who angrily confronts the family, gesturing to the girl's swollen stomach, perhaps accusing either the old or young man of impregnating the girl.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79942627"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.46-the-guilty-and-repen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bull, Duncan. \"Exhibition Reviews: London, Old Master Drawings.\" Burlington Magazine 131, no. 1030 (January 1989): 49.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mai\u0302tres franc\u0327ais 1550-1800: dessins de la donation Mathias Polakovits a\u0300 l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, Paris. Exh. Cat. Paris: \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des beaux-arts, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "E. H. T. \u201cThe Year in Review: Selections 1989.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 2 (February 1990): 38\u201378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48; Mentioned: p. 75, no. 151", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160106"}, {"citation": "\"Recent acquisitions at the Cleveland Museum of Art 1: Departments of Western Art.\" Burlington Magazine 133, no. 1054 (January 1991): 65.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12, p. 116-17, p. 289; Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munhall, Edgar, and Irina Novosselskaya. Greuze the Draftsman. Exh. Cat. New York: Frick Collection, in association with Merrell, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 206-207, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip. French Genre Painting in the Eighteenth Century. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180, fig. 3", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.46", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.46/1989.46_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "697", "filesize": "316958", "filename": "1989.46_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.46/1989.46_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2633", "filesize": "3687651", "filename": "1989.46_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.46/1989.46_full.tif", "width": "10440", "height": "8085", "filesize": "253252092", "filename": "1989.46_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154893, "creators": [{"id": 11638, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Greuze (French, 1725\u20131805)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1805", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-09-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1770s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Old Man Accused of Ruining a Young Girl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:41.643000"}, {"id": 153401, "accession_number": "1986.85", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar with Dragon Design (\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \uc6b4\ub8e1\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u96f2\u9f8d\u6587\u58fa]), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Porcelain with underglaze blue; diameter of base: 14.7 cm (5 13/16 in.); overall: 39.5 cm (15 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1986.85", "current_location": null, "title": "Jar with Dragon Design", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \uc6b4\ub8e1\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u96f2\u9f8d\u6587\u58fa]", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze blue", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of base: 14.7 cm (5 13/16 in.); Overall: 39.5 cm (15 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of base": {"width": 0.147}, "overall": {"height": 0.395}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.156}, "outer diameter": {"width": 0.299}, "height of mouth": {"height": 0.017}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295535, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 10, 2017-January 8, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 373312, "title": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea", "description": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 7-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 670878, "title": "Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty", "description": "Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2024-March 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-04T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert W. Moore, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A mythical creature believed to have the power to make rain, the dragon is a prominent symbol of rulers in premodern East Asia; the image of dragons was used exclusively for the king's paraphernalia.", "description": "As a mythical creature believed to make rain, the dragon served as a symbol of rulers in premodern East Asia. Here, a cobalt blue dragon is depicted flying through clouds to catch a flaming, wish-granting jewel called a cintamani. In the royal court, the shorter type of dragon jar held wine, while the tall type, like this one, held flowers.
This porcelain once belonged to Robert W. Moore, who developed an interest in Korean art while serving in the US Army in South Korea during the 1950s and 1960s. Later, the CMA acquired this important work through an auction sale in 1986.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939330"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.85-jar-with-dragon-desi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 8 (1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 24, p. 318", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Bang, Byung-sun. \"A Chronology of late Joseon-dynasty Porcelains Based on the Analysis of Dragon-and-Cloud Motifs [\u96f2\u9f8d\u6587 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubcf8 \uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \ubc31\uc790\uc758 \ud3b8\ub144 \uccb4\uc81c].\" Musul sahak yeongu (1998): 45-78.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00986384"}, {"citation": "Jang, Gi-hoon. \"Stylistic Changes in Joseon-Period Dragon Jars [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ubc31\uc790\uc6a9\uc900\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd \ubcc0\ucc9c\uace0].\" Misulsa yeongu (1998): 85-122.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00195363"}, {"citation": "Jeon, Seung-chang. \"A Study on the Operating and Distributing System of the Joseon Royal Kilns [\uc870\uc120 \uad00\uc694\uc758 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc640 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uacc4 \uc5f0\uad6c-. Misulsa yeongu (2004): 3-30.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00571822"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. History of Korean Ceramics [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "In Grand Style: Celebrations in Korean Art During the Joseon Dynasty. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Koo, Hyein. \u201cThe Patterns on White Porcelain Dragon Jars Used as Liquor Vessels in the Joseon Dynasty and Their Relationship to Royal Rituals [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \uc8fc\uc900(\u9152\u6a3d)\uc6a9 \ubc31\uc790\uc6a9\uc900(\u767d\u78c1\u9f8d\u6a3d)\uc758 \ubb38\uc591\uacfc \uc655\uc2e4 \uc758\ub840\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4].\u201d Misulsa hakbo (2017): 7\u201334.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07195903"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 88-89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Patterns and Decoration in the Joseon Dynasty.\" Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries v.28: i.1 (November 2024).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "https://asianartnewspaper.com/patterns-and-decoration-in-the-joseon-dynasty/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.85", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.85/1986.85_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "900", "filesize": "155311", "filename": "1986.85_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.85/1986.85_print.jpg", "width": "2586", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1118878", "filename": "1986.85_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.85/1986.85_full.tif", "width": "9893", "height": "13009", "filesize": "386124632", "filename": "1986.85_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-03T12:52:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.85/1986.85_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "753", "height": "893", "filesize": "72839"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.85/1986.85_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2868", "height": "3400", "filesize": "746331"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.85/1986.85_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3942", "height": "4672", "filesize": "55277348"}}, {"date_created": "2024-01-24T00:35:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.85/1986.85_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "751", "height": "900", "filesize": "202682"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.85/1986.85_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2836", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1200996"}, "full": {"url": 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "081f588b9ca24a0ea5ed79ee3d7bed47", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/081f588b9ca24a0ea5ed79ee3d7bed47", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153401, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Storage Jar with Dragon Design"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:17.670000"}, {"id": 125948, "accession_number": "1948.181", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Music and Dance and Cupids in Conspiracy , 1740s. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 77.5 x 131.5 x 6 cm (30 1/2 x 51 3/4 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 69 x 123 cm (27 3/16 x 48 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.181", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Music and Dance and Cupids in Conspiracy ", "creation_date": "1740s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1749, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 77.5 x 131.5 x 6 cm (30 1/2 x 51 3/4 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 69 x 123 cm (27 3/16 x 48 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.775, "width": 1.315, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.69, "width": 1.23}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"f Boucher\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Tours, Tours, France (October 11, 2008-January 12, 2009); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (February 7-May 17, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Painting of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (December 2-20, 1926).", "opening_date": "2020-12-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Art of the Eighteenth Century, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford CT (January 23-February 6, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Three French Reigns, Louis XIV, XV, XVI, Royal Northern Hospital, London, 25 Park Lane, (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. Carpenter Gamier, Rookesbury Park, Fareham, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's, London, England, July 13, 1895)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 13, 1895", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "A. Werthemeyer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1895-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Gustav Neufeld von Schoeller (?), Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Duveen Brothers, New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont, Cap d'Antibes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1948", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Along with Cupids in Conspiracy (1948.181.2), this work is surely part of a series of over-door paintings that would have been installed in a house. However, where the panels were originally installed or who commissioned them remains unknown. They exemplify the fusion of fine arts and decorative arts that was common in elite interior design in 18th-century France. Even though the paintings were part of the wall decoration of the room, the patrons chose Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, a well-known painter of portraits and genre scenes, as well as mythological and religious subjects, to execute them. These two paintings reflect a style that was popular both at court and among other wealthy patrons through much of the eighteenth century: light, charming, pastoral scenes that mix classical elements with pure fantasy. Both of them feature putti, chubby baby characters that add a touch of humor to the images.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515554"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Catalogue of Important Pictures by Old Masters and of the Early English School: Including Masterpieces of Murillo, Jacob Ruysdael and Weenix, from the Clewer Manor Collection, Also Choice Examples of Watteau, Hobbema & W.V. De Velde the Property of a Nobleman, Also the Family Portraits of the Late Sir John Chandos Reade, Sixth Baronet, Fine Works of Canaletto & Rembrandt, the Property of J. Carpenter Garnier, Esq., the Celebrated Engraved Portrait of Admiral Viscount Nelson, by J. Hoppner, R.A., the Property of the Rt. Hon. Viscound Bridport, and Other Fine Portraits by T. Gainsborough, R.A., Sir J. Reynolds, G. Romney, &C. London: Printed by Wm. Clowes & Sons, Ltd, 1895.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, December 2 to 20, 1926. [Detroit]: [Institute of Arts], 1926.", "page_number": "cat. no. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wadsworth Atheneum. Loan Exhibition of French Art of the Eighteenth Century: Morgan Memorial, Hartford, January 23, to February 6, 1929. [Hartford]: [Morgan Memorial], 1929.", "page_number": "cat. no. I", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301. Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. [London]: [publisher not identified], 1933.", "page_number": "cat. nos. 1 and 117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 10 (1948).", "page_number": "pp. 223-4, 228", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141515"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 488", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n159"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 22, p. 51 - 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre, \"The New Boucher Catalogue,\" Burlington Magazine, CXXI (July 1979).", "page_number": "444 (\"Letters\" section);", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boucher, Franc\u0327ois, Alexandre Ananoff, and Daniel Wildenstein. L'opera completa di Boucher. Milano: Rizzoli, 1980.", "page_number": "p. 100, nos. 194 and 195", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 51-53; Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 9 (1983).", "page_number": "360-72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B. The First Painters of the King: French Royal Taste from Louis XIV to the Revolution. New York, N.Y.: Stair Sainty Matthiesen, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 128. no. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hunter-Stiebel, Penelope, Philippe Le Leyzour, Olivier Baumont, Noe\u0301mi Rime, Vincent Lievre-Picard, Olivier Baumont, Franc\u0327ois Bazola, Destouches, and Philibert Cardonne. La Volupte\u0301 Du Gou\u0302t: French Painting in the Age of Madame De Pompadour. Paris: Somogy, 2008.", "page_number": "cat. no. 2, p. 102-103", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.181", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181/1948.181_web.jpg", "width": "799", "height": "900", "filesize": "333759", "filename": "1948.181_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181/1948.181_print.jpg", "width": "3019", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2970334", "filename": "1948.181_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181/1948.181_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "7432", "filesize": "147182224", "filename": "1948.181_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-02-02T15:32:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.181/1948.181_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "502", "filesize": "149803"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.181/1948.181_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1896", "filesize": "1577385"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.181/1948.181_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "3680", "filesize": "72889208"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125948, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1740s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:51.676000"}, {"id": 139532, "accession_number": "1963.326", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for \"The Presentation of Christ in the Temple\" (for Saint Ulrich, Vienna), c. 1750. Attributed to Franz Anton Maulbertsch (Austrian, 1724\u20131796). Oil on canvas; framed: 90 x 70 x 9 cm (35 7/16 x 27 9/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 69.5 x 52.3 cm (27 3/8 x 20 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1963.326", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Study for \"The Presentation of Christ in the Temple\" (for Saint Ulrich, Vienna)", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Miscellaneous", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90 x 70 x 9 cm (35 7/16 x 27 9/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 69.5 x 52.3 cm (27 3/8 x 20 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.9, "width": 0.7, "depth": 0.09}, "unframed": {"height": 0.695, "width": 0.523}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 336672, "title": "Central Europe: 1600-1800", "description": "Central Europe: 1600-1800. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (January 27-February 27, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 336675, "title": "German and Austrian Painting of the Eighteenth Century", "description": "German and Austrian Painting of the Eighteenth Century. The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art, Chicago, IL (organizer) (April 20-June 11, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 336678, "title": "Art in the Age of Mozart", "description": "Art in the Age of Mozart. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (October 29-December 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-10-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy, Budapest", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Countess F. K., London (granddaughter of Count Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Franz Szab\u00f3, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Judith Szab\u00f3, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Count Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy, Budapest;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Countess F. K., London (granddaughter of Count Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Franz Szab\u00f3, London;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Judith Szab\u00f3, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This loosely painted sketch is the preliminary design for an altarpiece in the Church of Saint Ulrich, Vienna. Mary and Joseph have brought the infant Jesus to the temple to be inducted into the Jewish faith; the aged priest Simeon cradles the infant in his arms, turning his gaze to heaven as he realizes that he is holding the Son of God. Strong contrasts of light and shadow underscore the drama of the moment.
The frame is not original to this painting, but was made by an Austrian craftsman in the mid-1700s. Its florid style suits Maulbertsch\u2019s flickering brushwork, and reflects the tradition of wood sculpture from Central Europe seen in other objects in the CMA's collection.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469054"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.326-study-for-the-presen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Garas, Kla\u0301ra. Franz Anton Maulbertsch 1724-1796. Budapest, HU : Verlag der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1960.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "De Tolnay, Charles. \"Ein unbekanntes Fr\u00fchwerk des Franz Anton Maulbertsch.\" In Hahnloser, Hans R., and Ellen J. Beer. Festschrift Hans R. Hahnloser zum 60. Ellen J. Beer, Paul Hofer, Luc Mojon, eds., 397-404. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 399, Abb. 1, p. 401, Abb. 3-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garas, Kl\u00e0ra. \"Nachtr\u00e4ge und Erganzungen zum Werk Franz Anton Maulbertschs.\" Pantheon XXI (1963): 29-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30; reproduced: p. 33, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50, no. 10 (1963): 263-94.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no, 91, p. 272", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Franz Anton Maulbertsch: The Presentation of Christ in the Temple.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LI, no.1 (January, 1964): 15-18.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14; Details: p. 16-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October-December 1963.\" The Art Quarterly XXVII, no.1 (1964): 97-118.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107; reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Garas, Kl\u00e0ra. \"Franz Anton Maulbertsch Neue Funde,\" Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Galerie XV (1971): 7-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sobotik, Kent. Central Europe, 1600-1800. [Sarasota, Fla.]: John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garas, Kla\u0301ra. Franz Anton Maulbertsch: Leben u. Werk : mit Oeuvrekatalog, geordnet nach Standorten. Salzburg, AT: Verl. Galerie Welz, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 10; Mentioned: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n186"}, {"citation": "Maser, Edward Andrew, and Laura Nelke. German and Austrian Painting of the Eighteenth Century: An Exhibition ... the David and Alfred Smart Gallery, the University of Chicago, April 20-June 11, 1978. [Chicago]: The Gallery, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3:European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2; Mentioned, p.3-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bushart, Bruno. \"Der Lyrische Maulbertsch.\" In Imagination und Imago, Festschrift Kurt Rossacher: zum 65. Salzburg: Salzburger Barockmuseum, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36; Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gengler, Matthew. \u201cYou Ask, We Answer.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 3 (May/June 2018): 27.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 27", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-03/page/n13/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.326", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.326/1963.326_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "424609", "filename": "1963.326_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.326/1963.326_print.jpg", "width": "2558", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6692261", "filename": "1963.326_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.326/1963.326_full.tif", "width": "4703", "height": "6250", "filesize": "88209256", "filename": "1963.326_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-01-18T19:46:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "893", "filesize": "419927"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2591", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5920854"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4018", "height": "5272", "filesize": "63581296"}}, {"date_created": "2011-10-17T18:33:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "449211"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2599", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7383879"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4955", "height": "6480", "filesize": "96355744"}}, {"date_created": "2007-12-05T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "525997"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2647", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6848671"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2395", "height": "3076", "filesize": "22135660"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-08T12:50:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "110451"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2641", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1465336"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.326/1963.326_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3004", "height": "3867", "filesize": "34884548"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 139532, "creators": [{"id": 2682, "description": "Franz Anton Maulbertsch (Austrian, 1724\u20131796)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1796", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Presentation of Christ in the Temple"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:56.821000"}, {"id": 150074, "accession_number": "1980.28", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seventy-Two Peaks Under the Blue Sky with Mount Furong (\u9752\u5929\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u8299\u84c9\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), 1785. Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752\u20131811). Eight-panel folding screen; ink with gold and silver foil on paper; image: 51.5 x 275.2 cm (20 1/4 x 108 3/8 in.); overall: 69.6 x 282.4 cm (27 3/8 x 111 3/16 in.); with frame: 72.9 x 285.7 cm (28 11/16 x 112 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1980.28", "current_location": null, "title": "Seventy-Two Peaks Under the Blue Sky with Mount Furong", "title_in_original_language": "\u9752\u5929\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u8299\u84c9\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Eight-panel folding screen; ink with gold and silver foil on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 51.5 x 275.2 cm (20 1/4 x 108 3/8 in.); Overall: 69.6 x 282.4 cm (27 3/8 x 111 3/16 in.); with frame: 72.9 x 285.7 cm (28 11/16 x 112 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.515, "width": 2.752}, "overall": {"height": 0.696, "width": 2.824}, "panel": {"height": 0.696, "width": 0.353}, "with frame": {"height": 0.729, "width": 2.857}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "Year in Review: 1980. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-July 13, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(\u00c9tablissement des Beaux-Arts du Monde, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?~1980", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980~", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "By painting on silver and gold foil, Matsumura Goshun created an alluring surface and deep space in this surprisingly spare vista.", "description": "The low height of this folding screen suggests its use as a partition in a small tearoom. An inscription identifies the scene as the 72-peak Heng mountain range in Hunan, China, associated with Buddhist and Daoist traditions and celebrated in poetry. Special mention in the inscription is made of Mount Furong, one of the peaks in the range. Matsumura Goshun may have drawn inspiration from his teacher, Yosa Buson (\u4e0e\u8b1d\u856a\u6751) (1716\u20131783), whose final work depicted the same mountain range.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474630"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.28-seventy-two-peaks-ag"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 218, no. 268; Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \u201cBy\u014dbu: The Art of the Japanese Screen.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 7 (September 1984): 223\u2013232.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 226\u2013227, fig. 6", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159871"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 58\u201359. cat. no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 35, pp. 116\u2013117", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.28/1980.28_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "235", "filesize": "125496", "filename": "1980.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.28/1980.28_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "889", "filesize": "1434645", "filename": "1980.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.28/1980.28_full.tif", "width": "40461", "height": "10582", "filesize": "1284502572", "filename": "1980.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-06-25T16:36:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1980.28/1980.28_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "330", "filesize": "110896"}, "print": {"url": 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"3400", "height": "3379", "filesize": "5965990"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1980.28/1980.28_alt9_full.tif", "width": "10647", "height": "10582", "filesize": "338031452"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150074, "creators": [{"id": 6178, "description": "Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u677e\u6751\u5449\u6625", "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-05-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seventy-two Peaks Against the Blue Sky"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-02 20:06:28.540000"}, {"id": 113026, "accession_number": "1932.118", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The heroine who waits anxiously for her absent lover (Utka Nayika), c. 1800. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera on paper; image: 16 x 10.2 cm (6 5/16 x 4 in.); overall: 23.8 x 14.8 cm (9 3/8 x 5 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1932.118", "current_location": null, "title": "The heroine who waits anxiously for her absent lover (Utka Nayika)", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 16 x 10.2 cm (6 5/16 x 4 in.); Overall: 23.8 x 14.8 cm (9 3/8 x 5 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.16, "width": 0.102}, "overall": {"height": 0.238, "width": 0.148}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 708076, "title": "East Indian Art", "description": "East Indian Art. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (February 10-March 29, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355438, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Jewelry of India", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Jewelry of India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1-June 2, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355686, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Indian Miniatures", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Indian Miniatures. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 28, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-07-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445634, "title": "Wooster College Exhibition", "description": "Wooster College Exhibition. The College of Wooster Art Museum, Wooster, OH (organizer) (April 5-27, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131932", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1932\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Utka Nayika is often shown standing or resting on a bed of leaves.", "description": "Inspired by devotional poetry that likens the waiting for divine favor to that of a woman alone in the forest waiting for her lover, Pahari painters mastered portrayals of this subject. Darkness has fallen, but the moon and stars and jasmine flowers brighten the night. However, monsoon clouds approach in the distance, suggesting impending danger and misery. Her gesture and expression suggest a mixture of hope and heightened uncertainty about how much longer she should continue to wait.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513446"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1932.118-the-heroine-who-wait"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Heeramaneck, Alice N. Masterpieces of Indian Painting : From the Former Collections of Nasli M. Heeramaneck. New York: A.N. Heeramaneck, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 98; Reproduced: color plate 115, p. 125", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 128", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1932.118", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.118/1932.118_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "900", "filesize": "269065", "filename": "1932.118_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.118/1932.118_print.jpg", "width": "2135", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2922492", "filename": "1932.118_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.118/1932.118_full.tif", "width": "6771", "height": "10785", "filesize": "219103716", "filename": "1932.118_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-21T13:59:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "900", "filesize": "195138"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2198", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2150976"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4912", "height": "7599", "filesize": "112011400"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-21T13:40:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "561", "height": "900", "filesize": "172042"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2120", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1844351"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4860", "height": "7793", "filesize": "113653552"}}, {"date_created": "2019-12-26T13:47:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "572", "height": "900", "filesize": "260828"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2159", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2865364"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6847", "height": "10782", "filesize": "221501256"}}, {"date_created": "2019-12-26T13:51:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "900", "filesize": "272500"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2149", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3164162"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1932.118/1932.118_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7328", "height": "11594", "filesize": "254908936"}}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 113026, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1932-04-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Utka Nayika"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:10.552000"}, {"id": 122166, "accession_number": "1942.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Boy in a Red-lined Cloak, 1780s. Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806). Oil on wood; framed: 36 x 27 x 3.5 cm (14 3/16 x 10 5/8 x 1 3/8 in.); unframed: 20.8 x 16 cm (8 3/16 x 6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey, 1942.49", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "A Boy in a Red-lined Cloak", "creation_date": "1780s", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 36 x 27 x 3.5 cm (14 3/16 x 10 5/8 x 1 3/8 in.); Unframed: 20.8 x 16 cm (8 3/16 x 6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.36, "width": 0.27, "depth": 0.035}, "unframed": {"height": 0.208, "width": 0.16}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Tableux et dessins de l' \u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise, prinipalement du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, tir\u00e9es de collections d'amateurs et expos\u00e9s au profit de la caisse de secours des artistes, peintres, scupteurs, architectes et dessinateurs, Paris, France (1860).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hippolyte Walferdin [1795-1880], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1Walferdin was a prodigious collector of works by Fragonard, amassing approximately 80 paintings and over 700 drawings by the artist. According to Wildenstein\u2019s \"The Paintings of Fragonard,\" the painting appeared in an exhibition at Galerie Martinet in 1860 (no. 146). The painting was likely listed as bein
1Wildenstein acquired the painting in Paris in 1905.
"], "date": "1905-1920", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867-1943], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1942", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In the course of his long career, Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings. In this particular painting, the seventeenth-century costume, the brown palette, and his technique suggest that Fragonard is reflecting upon the work of Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt rather than his teacher Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. While there is considerable evidence that the sitter is Alexander Evariste Fragonard, the artist's son, this identity has never been confirmed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514750"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.49-a-boy-in-a-red-lined"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Burty, Philippe. Catalogue de tableaux et dessins de l'e\u0301cole franc\u0327aise, principalement du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle, tire\u0301s de collections d'amateurs, et expose\u0301s au profit de la caisse de secours des artistes, peintres, sculpteurs, architectes et dessinateurs. Paris: [Impr. de J. Claye], 1860.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. Burger (Thore), \"Exposition de tableaux de l'ecole francaise ancienne tires de collections d'amateurs,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, VII (1860).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Tableaux et dessins de l'e\u0301cole franc\u0327aise. 1880.", "page_number": "no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portalis, Roger, \"La Collection Walferdin et ses Fragonards,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, XXI, series 2 (1880).", "page_number": "321", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nolhac, Pierre de. J.-H. Fragonard, 1732-1806. Paris: Goupil, 1906.", "page_number": "II, 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cPaintings in the Rogers Gift.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 4 (1942).", "page_number": "p. 47", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140982"}, {"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond de, and Jules de Goncourt. French XVIII Century Painters. New York: Phaidon, 1948.", "page_number": "p. V", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 485", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Fragonard, Jean-Honore\u0301, and Georges Wildenstein. The Paintings of Fragonard. New York: Phaidon, 1960.", "page_number": "no. 515, p. 316", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. Style, Truth, and the Portrait. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "cat. no. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n165"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n165"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206"}, {"citation": "Harsa\u0301nyi, Zolta\u0301n, and Jean-Honore\u0301 Fragonard. Fragonard. Budapest: Corvina, 1981.", "page_number": "plate 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70; Mentioned: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. 1982.", "page_number": "pp. 69-71, cat. no. 30, repr. p. 70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean Pierre. Jean-Honore\u0301 Fragonard: Life and Work : Complete Catalogue of the Oil Paintings. New York: Abrams, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 230, fig. 287; p. 334, cat. no. 384", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portalis, Roger. Honore\u0301 Fragonard, sa vie et son oeuvre. Paris: J. Rothschild, 1889", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Fragonard. Paris: Flammarion, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Portalis, Roger, and J. Rothschild. Honore\u0301 Fragonard: sa vie et son oeuvre. 1889.", "page_number": "p. 281", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alan Chong, letter to Colin B. Bailey, Feb. 3, 1994, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.49", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.49/1942.49_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "893", "filesize": "402158", "filename": "1942.49_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.49/1942.49_print.jpg", "width": "2614", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5786626", "filename": "1942.49_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.49/1942.49_full.tif", "width": "4038", "height": "5253", "filesize": "63672584", "filename": "1942.49_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-03-31T14:13:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.49/1942.49_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "519324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.49/1942.49_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2610", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7010283"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.49/1942.49_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4290", "height": "5589", "filesize": "71970544"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122166, "creators": [{"id": 2002, "description": "Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1780s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Boy", "Young Boy Dressed in a Red-Lined Cloak (The Artist's Son?)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:06.238000"}, {"id": 111078, "accession_number": "1929.566.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sandal (mtalawanda / mtawanda) or Clog (kiatu cha mti), c 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, unidentified carver. Wood and glass beads; overall: 29 x 10 x 6.3 cm (11 7/16 x 3 15/16 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Educational Purchase Fund, 1929.566.1", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Sandal (mtalawanda / mtawanda) or Clog (kiatu cha mti)", "creation_date": "c 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, unidentified carver"], "technique": "Wood and glass beads", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 29 x 10 x 6.3 cm (11 7/16 x 3 15/16 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.1, "depth": 0.063}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 446033, "title": "Arts of Africa", "description": "Arts of Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 10, 2021-July 2, 2023).", "opening_date": "2021-12-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Old Oak Antique Shop, Worcester, England, by purchase", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Original object card, curatorial file.
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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.43/1986.43_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2427", "height": "2121", "filesize": "905540"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.43/1986.43_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2427", "height": "2121", "filesize": "15467764"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Katherine Holden Thayer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153334, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 12792, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph Aloncle (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "decorated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-08-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1772, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1772", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ecuelle (Bowl)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:54.140000"}, {"id": 159635, "accession_number": "1996.349", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rumal with Rama and Krishna scenes, 1700s. Northern India, Pahari Kingdom of Chamba. Silk and silver wire on cotton; embroidery; overall: 64.5 x 114 cm (25 3/8 x 44 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William E. Ward in memory of his wife, Evelyn Svec Ward, 1996.349", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Rumal with Rama and Krishna scenes", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari Kingdom of Chamba"], "technique": "Silk and silver wire on cotton; embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 64.5 x 114 cm (25 3/8 x 44 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.645, "width": 1.14}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "George P. Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William E. Ward [1922\u20132004], Solon, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Especially in the borders, some of the embroidery has fallen away, revealing the brushwork of the designer.", "description": "Rumal refers to a double-sided embroidery technique perfected by women in the Pahari region of the northwest Himalayas. Unlike other forms of embroidery, no knots or loose strings are visible. Rumals were intended to look like paintings on cloth. An artist who was skilled in making Pahari paintings drew outlines of the composition with a brush on hand-loomed cotton muslin fabric and noted the colors to be used. Women then used a type of stitch called \u201cdouble satin stitch\u201d to create flat planes of color on both sides of the fabric. Girls were responsible for winding the silk threads into multistrand embroidery floss. Rumals were treasured as objects of wealth and given as gifts during weddings or state ceremonies.
Many rumals depict subjects drawn from Hindu devotional literature. In the center, the semidivine monkey general Hanuman pays his respects to his lord Rama, Rama\u2019s wife Sita, and Rama\u2019s brother Lakshmana. Surrounding them above and to the right are bucolic rural scenes from the life of Krishna, another human incarnation of the god Vishnu. Krishna with his flute serenades the gopis (women of the cow herding community) and entertains his friends the cowherd boys (gopas). Flowering plants, vines, and wild animals populate the remaining space and borders. With such scenes, the painstaking act of double-sided embroidery becomes a devotional endeavor that generates religious merit.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79979559"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.349-rumal-decorated-with", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.349-rumal-with-rama-and"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.349", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.349/1996.349_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "526", "filesize": "278262", "filename": "1996.349_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.349/1996.349_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1986", "filesize": "3822903", "filename": "1996.349_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.349/1996.349_full.tif", "width": "13165", "height": "7688", "filesize": "303668510", "filename": "1996.349_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T00:53:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "760", "filesize": "823091"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2046", "filesize": "5759755"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6592", "height": "3966", "filesize": "78452820"}}, {"date_created": "2024-07-02T10:27:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "540", "filesize": "262639"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2039", "filesize": "3347701"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13355", "height": "8008", "filesize": "320872516"}}, {"date_created": "2024-07-02T10:08:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "540", "filesize": "261915"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2039", "filesize": "3374168"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt2_full.tif", "width": "13355", "height": "8008", "filesize": "320872564"}}, {"date_created": "2025-05-20T13:39:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "525", "filesize": "276393"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1985", "filesize": "3829209"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.349/1996.349_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13165", "height": "7687", "filesize": "303629062"}}], "creditline": "Gift of William E. Ward in memory of his wife, Evelyn Svec Ward", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159635, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rumal Decorated with Scenes of Krishna's Life"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:42.092000"}, {"id": 160422, "accession_number": "1998.257", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate, c. 1760. England, Staffordshire. Salt-glazed stoneware; diameter: 30.5 cm (12 in.); overall: 4.3 cm (1 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Brenda and Evan H. Turner, 1998.257", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Plate", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, Staffordshire"], "technique": "salt-glazed stoneware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 30.5 cm (12 in.); Overall: 4.3 cm (1 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.305}, "overall": {"height": 0.043}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The three-dimensional designs on this plate are similar to both silver and straw baskets produced during the mid-1700s.", "description": "This plate\u2019s glossy texture was created by throwing salt into a kiln during the hottest point of the firing process. During the 1700s, salt-glazed dishes proved to be a popular substitute for porcelain because of their versatility, durability, and affordability. This particular plate features intricate basket weave patterns, decorative frames, and scalloped edges which were made by hand-pressing clay into a mold.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778114"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.257-plate"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.257", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.257/1998.257_web.jpg", "width": "971", "height": "893", "filesize": "499099", "filename": "1998.257_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.257/1998.257_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3127", "filesize": "5021125", "filename": "1998.257_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.257/1998.257_full.tif", "width": "4353", "height": "4004", "filesize": "52320348", "filename": "1998.257_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-08T16:05:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.257/1998.257_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "954", "height": "893", "filesize": "404474"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.257/1998.257_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3182", "filesize": "4696659"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.257/1998.257_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4291", "height": "4016", "filesize": "51728672"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Brenda and Evan H. Turner", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160422, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-11-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:08.689000"}, {"id": 144649, "accession_number": "1969.277", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Five Grotesque Heads, 1750\u20131800. Gaetano Gandolfi (Italian, 1734\u20131802). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; sheet: 29.5 x 20.2 cm (11 5/8 x 7 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Frederick M. Mayer, 1969.277", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Grotesque Heads", "creation_date": "1750\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 29.5 x 20.2 cm (11 5/8 x 7 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.295, "width": 0.202}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, upper left, in graphite: [9?]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "lower left, in graphite: 91127", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "lower right, in graphite(?): 6 -", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309578, "title": "Graphic Humor", "description": "Graphic Humor. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 1-August 29, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, Graphic Humor (June 1-Aug. 29, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Eighteenth-Century Master Drawings from the Collection (Oct. 6-Nov. 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions (Oct. 21, 1980-Feb. 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Year in Review for 1970\" (Feb. 10-Mar. 7, 1971), cma Bulletin 58 (1971), p. 67 no. 78.", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "[did not find a registrarial file for this one, Apr. 1996]-?", "opening_date": "1996-04-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[R. E. Lewis, Inc.] (according to departmental card)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The term \"grotesque\" derives from the Italian word \"grotteschi,\" which refers to the grottoes found in ancient Roman houses that were rediscovered around 1500.", "description": "From an early age, Gaetano Gandolfi was admired for his drawings, many of which were created as independent works of art and avidly collected by Italian and British patrons. This drawing is one of Gandolfi\u2019s so-called teste pittoriche, or pictorial heads. Devised by the artist in the 1770s, this genre is based on contemporary academic theories that proposed that human emotions could be scientifically classified by facial expressions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922101"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.277-five-grotesque-heads"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.277", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.277/1969.277_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "469093", "filename": "1969.277_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.277/1969.277_print.jpg", "width": "2351", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7011114", "filename": "1969.277_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.277/1969.277_full.tif", "width": "4542", "height": "6568", "filesize": "89525104", "filename": "1969.277_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Frederick M. Mayer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144649, "creators": [{"id": 11949, "description": "Gaetano Gandolfi (Italian, 1734\u20131802)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1734", "death_year": "1802", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Grotesque Heads"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:30.737000"}, {"id": 145418, "accession_number": "1970.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "West Lake (\u897f\u6e56\u56f3), mid-1700s. Ike Taiga (Japanese, 1723\u20131776). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; painting: 58 x 133 cm (22 13/16 x 52 3/8 in.); mounted: 170.5 x 140.3 cm (67 1/8 x 55 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.69", "current_location": null, "title": "West Lake", "title_in_original_language": "\u897f\u6e56\u56f3", "creation_date": "mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1776, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 58 x 133 cm (22 13/16 x 52 3/8 in.); Mounted: 170.5 x 140.3 cm (67 1/8 x 55 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"mounted with knobs": {"height": 1.705, "width": 1.509}, "painting": {"height": 0.58, "width": 1.33}, "mounted": {"height": 1.705, "width": 1.403}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "upper right: inscription and signature, two seals of artist.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 450266, "title": "To the River's South in Japanese Painting", "description": "To the River's South in Japanese Painting. 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"accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-07-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1976.60", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Taoist Immortal He Xiangu"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:15.838000"}, {"id": 164753, "accession_number": "2006.156", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Herdsman with Three Cows by an Upland Pool, mid-1780s. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Watercolor, ink and oil paint heightened with white chalk (\"Bristol lead white\"); sheet: 21.9 x 31.3 cm (8 5/8 x 12 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2006.156", "current_location": null, "title": "A Herdsman with Three Cows by an Upland Pool", "creation_date": "mid-1780s", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor, ink and oil paint heightened with white chalk (\"Bristol lead white\")", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.9 x 31.3 cm (8 5/8 x 12 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.219, "width": 0.313}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Thomas Gainsborough: Themes and Variations, The Art of Landscape. Lowell Libson, London (May 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gainsborough Drawings. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (October 2 - December 4, 1983); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (December 17, 1983 - February 12, 1984); Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (February 25 - April 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Thomas Gainsborough. Tate Gallery, London (October 8, 1980 - January 4, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Goodenough Earle, Barton Grange, Somerset, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Francis Miller Newton, by descent to Josepha Sophia Newton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1794", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Josepha Sophia Newton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1848-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Francis Wheat Newton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1913", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Agnew's, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913-1914", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "George D. Widener [1889-1971], Philadelphia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Private collection, by descent to private collection, United States", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Private collection, United States", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1989", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "David Lee, UK, by descent to private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1989-2005", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Lowell Libson, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005-2006", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2006-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Following the instruction of the influential painter and writer Jonathan Richardson, Gainsborough often arranged his landscape compositions with the brightest passage\u2014here, the white cow and billowing clouds\u2014near the center.", "description": "Although he was one of the most celebrated society portraitists of his day, landscape painting was Thomas Gainsborough\u2019s love and lifelong pleasure. Here, delicate layers of watercolor, ink, oil paint, and chalk result in a jewel-like work on paper. The composition combines the rural scene of a herdsman and three cows with an imagined, majestic mountain view, mingling the pastoral with the sublime. The sheet was among a group of 14 landscape drawings that Gainsborough selected as a gift for a close friend.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79992725"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.156-a-herdsman-with-thre"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fulcher, George. The Life of Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1856.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, John. \"The Gainsborough Drawings from Barton Grange: Eight Published for the First Time.\" Connoisseur 161 (February 1966): 86-93.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 86-93; Reproduced: fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, John. The Drawings of Thomas Gainsborough. New Haven: Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 276, no. 731; Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, John. Thomas Gainsborough. Exh. Cat. London: Tate Gallery, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 70-71, no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, John and Lindsay Stainton. Gainsborough Drawings. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: International Exhibitions Foundation, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 174, no. 79; Reproduced: facing page", "url": null}, {"citation": "Libson, Lowell, Hugh Belsey, and Peter Bower. Thomas Gainsborough: Themes and Variations, the Art of Landscape. Exh. Cat. London: Lowell Libson, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13, 18-19, 40-42, no. 5; Reproduced: pp. 18-19, 40-42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum Buys Rembrandt and Gainsborough Works.\" Plain Dealer (December 5, 2006): E1, E4.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. E4; Reproduced: p. E1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Quintessentially British.\" Cleveland Art (July/August 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 8-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. \"Drawing for Its Own Sake: Five Landscapes by Thomas Gainsborough.\" In British Painting, Watercolours, and Drawings, ed. Lowell Libson. Exh. Cat. London: Lowell Libson, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 15-19; Reproduced: fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-41, 145, no. 9a; Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd. Recent Acquisitions 2023 : Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd. London: Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd British Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Hayes 731", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2006.156", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.156/2006.156_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "884", "filesize": "881621", "filename": "2006.156_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.156/2006.156_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2389", "filesize": "6249633", "filename": "2006.156_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.156/2006.156_full.tif", "width": "4528", "height": "3182", "filesize": "43255320", "filename": "2006.156_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 164753, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1780s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:26.597000"}, {"id": 148378, "accession_number": "1975.9", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hindola Raga, c. 1790\u20131800. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 20.5 x 15.3 cm (8 1/16 x 6 in.); with mat: 35.5 x 25.4 cm (14 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1975.9", "current_location": null, "title": "Hindola Raga", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 20.5 x 15.3 cm (8 1/16 x 6 in.); with mat: 35.5 x 25.4 cm (14 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.205, "width": 0.153}, "with mat": {"height": 0.355, "width": 0.254}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 379162, "title": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings", "description": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2021-February 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Art Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 28-November 2, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-04-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William Wolff, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The word hindola means \"swing\" in Sanskrit.", "description": "To celebrate the coming of spring, Krishna sits on a swing with his beloved Radha as their companions, the cowherd boys and milkmaids, play music, dance, admire the idyllic couple, and keep their swing gently in motion.
In Sanskrit, hindola means swing, and this painting belonged to a set of ragas, which are paintings associated with a musical mode. Music played in the Hindola Raga elicits the fever of young love in springtime. Radha and Krishna represent the ideal of a young couple in love.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472950"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.9-hindola-raga"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 63, no. 2 (February 1976): 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53; Mentioned: p. 71, no. 175", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n330"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., \"Eternal Rhythms\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 36 no. 08, October 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-08/page/8"}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35, cat. no. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.9", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.9/1975.9_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "900", "filesize": "286891", "filename": "1975.9_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.9/1975.9_print.jpg", "width": "2519", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3133109", "filename": "1975.9_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.9/1975.9_full.tif", "width": "5689", "height": "7680", "filesize": "131109864", "filename": "1975.9_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-20T14:31:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.9/1975.9_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "900", "filesize": "245553"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.9/1975.9_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2568", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2717720"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.9/1975.9_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5867", "height": "7769", "filesize": "136774980"}}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148378, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:47.461000"}, {"id": 159769, "accession_number": "1997.137", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Italian Landscape, c. 1790\u201392. John Robert Cozens (British, 1752\u20131797). Watercolor over graphite; sheet: 48.7 x 66.9 cm (19 3/16 x 26 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1997.137", "current_location": null, "title": "Italian Landscape", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u201392", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1792, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor over graphite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 48.7 x 66.9 cm (19 3/16 x 26 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.487, "width": 0.669}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Watercolour Drawings by J.R. Cozens and J.S. Cotman. Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester (October 2 - October 30, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Coronation Exhibition. Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Eden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. Deverell", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. Deverell", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William Eden", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
According to old label attached to the backboard written in William Eden's hand.
"], "date": "1996", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Spink-Leger Pictures, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "probably 1996-1997", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Robert Cozens's watercolors became widely known after the doctor who treated him during a mental breakdown in 1794 enlisted two other artists to produce copies for circulation.", "description": "During the 18th century, views of Italy and the Continent were in great demand among British aristocrats on the Grand Tour. Cozens journeyed to Italy and Switzerland twice in his career, making pencil and wash sketches from which he later derived highly finished watercolors for various patrons. The artist\u2019s somber palette, limited to muted greens, grays, and blues, produces a melancholy, hazy effect in this landscape. The site depicted here has thus far proved unidentifiable and may be an amalgamation of memory and imagination. The left portion of the composition relates to another watercolor depicting a view of Velletri, a town outside of Rome; the cottage and trees in the right foreground seem English, and the central plain and winding river appear to be pure invention.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79979912"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.137-italian-landscape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bell, C.F. and T. Girtin. \"The Drawings and Sketches of John Robert Cozens.\" Walpole Society 23 (1935): 1-80.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 80, no. 439-II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exhibition of Watercolour Drawings by J.R. Cozens and J.S. Cotman. Exh. Cat. Manchester: Whitworth Art Gallery, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coronation Exhibition. Exh. Cat. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Laing Art Gallery, 1953.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor African Sculpture, Recent Mark Tansey Painting, and Other Works of Art Enter CMA Collection,\u201d September 16, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4152"}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 186-87, 294, no. 76; Reproduced: p. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 42-43, 144, no. 10; Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.137", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.137/1997.137_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "654", "filesize": "149346", "filename": "1997.137_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.137/1997.137_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2470", "filesize": "1784416", "filename": "1997.137_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.137/1997.137_full.tif", "width": "7630", "height": "5543", "filesize": "126907688", "filename": "1997.137_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-06-18T19:57:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.137/1997.137_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1226", "height": "893", "filesize": "171779"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.137/1997.137_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2476", "filesize": "1416280"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.137/1997.137_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6367", "height": "4638", "filesize": "88627848"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.137/1997.137_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1235", "height": "893", "filesize": "815601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.137/1997.137_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1481", "filesize": "2275509"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.137/1997.137_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1481", "filesize": "9102412"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159769, "creators": [{"id": 17330, "description": "John Robert Cozens (British, 1752\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-09-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u201392", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A River Landscape with Distant Mountains and Sea", "An extensive Italian landscape, probably taken from the road to Velletri, south of Rome, with a distant view of the coast", "Landscape Compostion with Italian and English Elements"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:31.351000"}, {"id": 149177, "accession_number": "1977.94", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Three Graces, 1786. Jean Fran\u00e7ois Janinet (French, 1752\u20131814), after Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (Italian, 1675\u20131741). Color wash-manner etching and engraving; platemark: 44 x 32 cm (17 5/16 x 12 5/8 in.); sheet: 50.5 x 33.5 cm (19 7/8 x 13 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Moselle Taylor Meals, 1977.94", "current_location": null, "title": "The Three Graces", "creation_date": "1786", "creation_date_earliest": 1786, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Color wash-manner etching and engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Lavis manner", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 44 x 32 cm (17 5/16 x 12 5/8 in.); Sheet: 50.5 x 33.5 cm (19 7/8 x 13 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.505, "width": 0.335}, "platemark": {"height": 0.44, "width": 0.32}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "Year in Review: 1977. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304408, "title": "Gifts of the Print Club of Cleveland, 1969 - 1979", "description": "Gifts of the Print Club of Cleveland, 1969 - 1979. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 4, 1979-January 27, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "The Lessons of the Academy. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309886, "title": "Printing in Color", "description": "Printing in Color. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-November 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 187619, "title": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints", "description": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In addition to his work in printmaking, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Janinet was an amateur physicist and experimented with traveling by hot air balloon.", "description": "Since ancient times, art critics had praised painters for their ability to portray subjects so lifelike that they might be mistaken for the real thing. The mastery of printing techniques that produced full-color images like this one featuring female nudes with remarkably naturalistic skin gave French printmakers new capabilities that for centuries had been the exclusive domain of painters.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930171"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.94-the-three-graces"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1977.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 65, no. 1 (1978).", "page_number": "p. 40, no. 71", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159560."}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Fonds Fran\u00e7ais 18ieme Siecle - XII.24.40", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.94", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.94/1977.94_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "413897", "filename": "1977.94_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.94/1977.94_print.jpg", "width": "2611", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6423066", "filename": "1977.94_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.94/1977.94_full.tif", "width": "3560", "height": "4635", "filesize": "49535568", "filename": "1977.94_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Moselle Taylor Meals", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149177, "creators": [{"id": 28452, "description": "Jean Fran\u00e7ois Janinet (French, 1752\u20131814)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1814", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 2255, "description": "Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (Italian, 1675\u20131741)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1675", "death_year": "1741", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-10-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1786, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1786", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:00.462000"}, {"id": 121286, "accession_number": "1942.1156", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Lieutenant General Daniel Burr, 1799. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed hair reverse; framed: 8.8 x 7.2 cm (3 7/16 x 2 13/16 in.); sight: 8.4 x 6.8 cm (3 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1156", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Lieutenant General Daniel Burr", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed hair reverse", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.8 x 7.2 cm (3 7/16 x 2 13/16 in.); Sight: 8.4 x 6.8 cm (3 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.088, "width": 0.072}, "sight": {"height": 0.084, "width": 0.068}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right: J S / 1799 ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335553, "title": "John Smart - Miniaturist", "description": "John Smart - Miniaturist. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 9-31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Royal Academy of Art, London, England (1799).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Benjamin Nathan, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof, Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-1942", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The verso or back side contains gilt initials DB and an intricate pattern of braided hair.", "description": "Daniel Burr (1750\u20131828) is depicted here as colonel of the 10th Madras Native Infantry. He joined the East India Company in 1767 as a cadet, became an ensign in 1768, a colonel in 1797, and achieved the rank of major general in 1805. The work is signed and dated \u201cJS / 1799,\u201d indicating that John Smart painted Burr while the officer was back in England on furlough between July 30, 1798, and April 2, 1799. Diarist Joseph Farington noted in 1798 that Smart was charging 25 guineas for his portrait miniatures and making from \u00a3500 to \u00a3600 a year. By comparison, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829) during this period was charging 12 to 15 guineas for his portrait miniatures, and even in the 1780s, Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) was known to charge between 20 and 30 guineas. This work was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1799 (no. 784) as \u201cPortrait of Colonel Burr.\u201d It was formerly in the collection of Benjamin Nathan, a wealthy London goldsmith and diamond dealer whose heirs did not wish to retain the miniature and sold it upon his death. Here, Daniel Burr has a ruddy complexion, gray hair, and brown eyes. He wears a red military coat, with dull orange velvet facings, over a jabot with a high white collar and frills. On his left shoulder is a white, fringed epaulet with two gold stars. The background is mottled gray. The miniature is housed in a gold frame with a gold monogram DB and an arrangement of dark brown hair in a medallion on the back. At slightly over 3 inches, this miniature is larger than was customary for Smart during his time in India; it was obviously painted later, when Smart and the officer had returned to England. Smart also painted the miniature portrait of Burr\u2019s first wife, Lucy (n\u00e9e Parry). A second portrait of Burr was executed by Smart in 1803 and sold at Christie\u2019s, London, in 2009. This version is signed with initials and dated: \u201cJS / 1803.\u201d Burr\u2019s hair is worn \u00e0 l\u2019antique, and his uniform includes a gold epaulet with two star rank badges and the Honourable East India Company\u2019s coat of arms. Burr occupied the rank of colonel in both the 1799 and 1803 portraits, but the uniform differs in the latter because in 1801 the facings of the 10th Madras Native Infantry uniform were altered to red, and rank badges were added to the now gold epaulets. Curiously, Burr appears younger in the 1803 portrait than in the 1799 version, in which his crow\u2019s feet and sagging jowls are more pronounced. The 1803 portrait of Burr was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1811 (no. 637), the year Smart died. A sketch after Smart of Burr was executed by R. Greaves, and a three-quarter length portrait by Sir Martin Archer Shee was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1825 (no. 146).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017097"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1156-portrait-of-lieutena"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). The Exhibition of the Royal Academy, M, DCC, XCIX. The Thirty-First. London: Printed by J. Cooper, printer to the Royal Academy, 1799.", "page_number": "no. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30-31, no. 37, pl. IX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n55"}, {"citation": "Smart, John, and Rose E. Taggart. John Smart - Miniaturist, 1741/42-1811: Starr Collection of Consecutively Dated Miniatures and Special Loan Exhibition : William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, Decmeber 9, 1965 to January 2, 1966. Kansas City, Mo: The Gallery, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 305", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 33, pp. 153-155", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1156", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1156/1942.1156_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "893", "filesize": "81672", "filename": "1942.1156_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1156/1942.1156_print.jpg", "width": "2519", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1024756", "filename": "1942.1156_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1156/1942.1156_full.tif", "width": "5504", "height": "7428", "filesize": "122673408", "filename": "1942.1156_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-05-24T13:27:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "370571"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2469", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4384670"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3631", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54485692"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-02T17:41:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "893", "filesize": "394409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2518", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4842631"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3744", "height": "5055", "filesize": "56809548"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T18:19:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "453006"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2969", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5256738"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3827", "height": "4382", "filesize": "50340424"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T20:33:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "94824"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1163116"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1156/1942.1156_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022068"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121286, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1799, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1799", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:30.496000"}, {"id": 155420, "accession_number": "1990.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scroll Box with Dragon and Phoenix Design (\ub098\uc804 \uc6a9\u00b7\ubd09\ud669\ubb34\ub2ac \uc11c\ub958\ud568 (\uf911\u923f\uf9c4\u9cf3\u6587\u66f8\u985e\u51fd)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Lacquered wood inlaid with mother-of-pearl and twisted brass and copper wire; overall: 11.5 x 11.6 x 87 cm (4 1/2 x 4 9/16 x 34 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1990.15", "current_location": null, "title": "Scroll Box with Dragon and Phoenix Design", "title_in_original_language": "\ub098\uc804 \uc6a9\u00b7\ubd09\ud669\ubb34\ub2ac \uc11c\ub958\ud568 (\uf911\u923f\uf9c4\u9cf3\u6587\u66f8\u985e\u51fd)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "lacquered wood inlaid with mother-of-pearl and twisted brass and copper wire", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Overall: 11.5 x 11.6 x 87 cm (4 1/2 x 4 9/16 x 34 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.115, "width": 0.116, "depth": 0.87}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "Notable Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184496, "title": "Object in Focus: Scroll Box with Dragon and Phoenix Design, 1800s; Korea; (inlaid mother-of-pearl; 1990.15)", "description": "Object in Focus: Scroll Box with Dragon and Phoenix Design, 1800s; Korea; (inlaid mother-of-pearl; 1990.15). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-September 15, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 368005, "title": "Conversation about Diversity in Korean Embroidery Arts", "description": "Conversation about Diversity in Korean Embroidery Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-01-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 26, 2013-January 12, 2015).", "opening_date": "2013-04-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yoshiyuki Hosomi, Osaka, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1990", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This technique of using the inlays of iridescent mother-of-pearl and abalone shells has been practiced in Korea for over a thousand years,", "description": "This large rectangular box was designed for keeping a scroll or an important document. The mother-of-pearl inlaid lacquer rendering of a dragon and phoenix combines texture, color, and shape to produce a dazzling effect. The large and prominent designs of the Joseon-period inlaid lacquer, like on this box, replaced the fine detail and mosaic-like patterns popular in the Goryeo period (918-1392).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79943460"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.15-scroll-box-with-drag"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham Michael R., \"A Korean Lacquerware Box\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 42 no. 06, Summer 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-06/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Hwang, Jii-hyeon, and Sadamu Kawada. Korean Lacquerware Inlaid with Mother-of-Pearl: The Everlasting Beauty. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Korean Lacquer Art: Aesthetic Perfection, Munich: Hirmer Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 230-231, no. 127", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.15/1990.15_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "239", "filesize": "180943", "filename": "1990.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.15/1990.15_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "903", "filesize": "1149196", "filename": "1990.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.15/1990.15_full.tif", "width": "12628", "height": "3355", "filesize": "127128336", "filename": "1990.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-03T18:27:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.15/1990.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "719", "filesize": "118988"}, 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"accession_date": "1990-04-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:20.442000"}, {"id": 159731, "accession_number": "1997.106", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hall of Lofty Pines (\u677e\u55ac\u5802\u5716), 1703. Wang Hui (Chinese, 1632\u20131717). Handscroll; ink and color on paper; overall: 40.7 cm (16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.106", "current_location": null, "title": "Hall of Lofty Pines", "title_in_original_language": "\u677e\u55ac\u5802\u5716", "creation_date": "1703", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1703, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "handscroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 40.7 cm (16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.407}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[\u984c] \u677e\u55ac\u5802\u5716\n\n\u5eb7\u7199\u7678\u672a\u590f\u516d\u6708, \u6d77\u865e\u8015\u7159\u6563\u4eba\u738b\u7fec\u756b\u3002[\u5370]\u738b\u7fec\u4e4b\u5370; \u77f3\u8c37. \n\n[\u5de6\u4e0b] \u4f86\u9752\u95a3; \u8015\u7159\u91ce\u8001\u6642\u5e74\u4e03\u5341\u6709\u4e8c.", "inscription_translation": "Artist's title, inscription, signature, and 4 seals: \n\n[Title, upper right corner] Hall of Lofty Pines. \n\nIn the sixth month, summer, of the guiwei year [1703] of Kangxi, painted by geng yan san ren, Wang Hui, from Haiyu. [2 seals] Wang Hui zhi yin; Shi gu. \n\n[2 seals at end of painting, lower left corner] Lai qing ge; Geng yan lao ye shi nian qi shi you er.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u677e\u55ac\u5802\u5716\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u6d77\u865e\u77f3\u8c37\u738b\u541b\u70ba\u975c\u6d77\u8fd1\u516c\u53b2\u5c11\u53f8\u51a6\u516c\u4f5c\u4e5f\u3002\u5716\u6210\u4e8e\u7678\u672a\u4e4b\u590f\u3002\u672a\u5e7e\u800c\u516c\u9042\u4ed9\u53bb\u3002\u516c\u4ee4\u5b50\u4eca\u7de8\u4fee\u541b\u5357\u6e56\u5c6c\u4f59\u984c\u8dcb\u5176\u5f8c\u3002\u4f59\u8207\u516c\u540c\u5b98\u4f8d\u5f9e\uff0c\u4ea4\u5951\u6700\u6df1\u3002\u5074\u898b\u516c\u4e4b\u6e05\u4fee\u7d14\u5fb7\uff0c\u851a\u70ba\u8056\u5929\u5b50\u6240\u7737\u91cd\u3002\u4f8d\u76f4\u5167\u5ef7\uff0c\u5bc6\u52ff\u8d0a\u8944\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e8c\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u3002\u84bc\u751f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d7\u8cdc\uff0c\u58eb\u6797\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6c90\u5fb7\u8005\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u83ab\u80fd\u7aba\uff0c\u5728\u5ef7\u83ab\u80fd\u6089\u3002\u800c\u516c\u5352\u4e0d\u8a00\u3002\u4ee5\u6545\u5bb8\u8877\u65e5\u76ca\u5951\uff0c\u6069\u79ae\u4ea6\u65e5\u76ca\u6e25\u3002\u96d6\u5e74\u903e\u61f8\u8eca\uff0c\u6642\u6709\u6b78\u8001\u4e4b\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u4e0a\u56fa\u4e0d\u807c\u516c\u4e4b\u53bb\u3002\u5176\u6240\u8b02\u677e\u55ac\u5802\u8005\uff0c\u5fa1\u66f8\u4ee5\u8cdc\u516c\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u84cb\u4ee5\u677e\u6bd4\u516c\u4e4b\u6e05\u98a8\u52c1\u7bc0\uff0c\u800c\u6b72\u5bd2\u4e0d\u6539\uff0c\u7d93\u971c\u5f4c\u8302\u3002\u5247\u53c8\u4ee5\u671f\u516c\u4e4b\u58fd\u8003\u672a\u6709\u827e\u7109\u3002\u516c\u77e5\u6b64\u8eab\u672a\u6613\u4e5e\uff0c\u800c\u5c71\u6797\u69c3\u78f5\u4e4b\u6a02\uff0c\u6b62\u53ef\u5bc4\u8af8\u5be4\u601d\u3002\u6b64\u677e\u55ac\u5802\u5716\u4e4b\u6240\u7531\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6b5f\u3002\u77f3\u8c37\u6b64\u5716\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u7cbe\u5bc6\uff0c\u7b46\u58a8\u8d85\u9081\u3002\u5176\u5beb\u6a39\u6728\u4e4b\u84bc\u851a\uff0c\u5802\u5b87\u4e4b\u975a\u5e7d\u3002\u604d\u898b\u6469\u8a70\u8f1e\u5ddd\u6a02\u5929\u5eec\u5c71\u4e4b\u52dd\u3002\u7368\u60dc\u516c\u672a\u5f97\u4e00\u65e5\u5f9c\u5f89\u6545\u5712\u4ee5\u511f\u5176\u9858\u3002\u5373\u7e6a\u65bc\u5716\u4ea6\u672a\u5f97\u4ee5\u6c38\u5176\u8da3\uff0c\u6b64\u7de8\u4fee\u541b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7737\u7737\u4e0d\u5fd8\u4e5f\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5343\u6b73\u4e4b\u677e\u55ac\uff0c\u4e0b\u852d\u767e\u755d\uff0c\u4e0a\u4ee5\u4fee\u68df\u6881\u4e4b\u9700\u3002\u7136\u5247\u4e0a\u7576\u65e5\u540d\u5802\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u66f4\u671b\u65bc\u5f8c\u4e4b\u4eba\u8972\u5176\u8298\u800c\u990a\u5176\u6750\u4e5f\u54c9\u3002\u543e\u9858\u7de8\u4fee\u541b\u4e4b\u5bf6\u65af\u5716\u3002\u5e76\u671b\u541b\u4e4b\u5857\u5848\u4e39\u96d8\uff0c\u5927\u5176\u5802\u69cb\u4e5f\u5df2\u77e3\u3002\n\n\u5eb7\u7188\u4e19\u620d\u91cd\u967d\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u96f2\u9593\u738b\u9d3b\u7dd2\u8dcb\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon and 3 seals of Wang Hongxu \u738b\u9d3b\u7dd2 (1645-1723): \n\nThe Hall of Lofty Pines, a handscroll, was painted by Master Wang Shigu of Haiyu [Wang Hui] for the honorable Vice Minister of Justice, Master Li Jinggong of Jinghai. The scroll was completed in the summer of kuiwei [1703], and not long after, he passed away. His son, who is now the Junior Compiler, Li Nanhu [i.e., Li Tingyi] requested that I inscribe it. \n\nMaster Li and I were both attending [the Emperor], and we developed a close friendship. From my side, I observed that his refined cultivation and unmitigated virtues were very much appreciated and favored by our sagacious Son of Heaven. Thus he was able to attend [the Emperor] in the inner court, and assisted in deciding critical matters for more than two decades. As a consequence, common people were steeped in such bounties and the ranks of the literati were able to immerse themselves in his benevolence. Neither could they fathom from a distance, nor would servitors in the court have had any inkling. Consequently, the Emperor\u2019s favor to him increased daily, and rewards too increased in number. Even though he was getting older and frequently entertained the thought of retirement, His Majesty refused to grant his wish. If or when it were to take place, he would reside in the Hall of Lofty Pines, [the title] of which was being bestowed upon him by His Majesty. The Emperor compared the refined deportment and virtuous strength of the Master to the pines, and in the meantime, also took the resilience of pine, its ability to withstand frosty cold while enjoying splendid growth, as symbolic of his longevity. The Master realized that it was not easy to beg for a free self, so much so that it was but an idle wish on his part to dream of [retiring] and enjoying hills, forests, a hut in mountain torrents. Wasn\u2019t this the reason for the commissioning of the Hall of Lofty Pines? \n\nIn this painting, Shigu made the pictorial composition quite lean and dense, while his brush and ink are surpassing. In depicting the verdant growth of the trees, and the beauty and seclusion of the halls and buildings, it reminds us of Wang Wei\u2019s Wangchuan Tu, or Bai Juyi\u2019s residence in the scenic Mt. Lu. It is regrettable that [when alive], Master Li was not able to spend even a single day in this old garden. Still, this painting was done to appease his desires, and now it could enshrine his wish and enable it to last forever. This is the reason why the Junior Compiler, [in his affection for his late father], remained ever so mindful. \n\nTo be sure, a pine tree of thousand years could cast shadows below over hundreds of acres, while its wood up above could indeed be made into pillars and beams as needed. Indeed, was it not His Majesty\u2019s wish when he named the hermitage, with the added hope that the Master\u2019s progeny too could follow suit and nourish their own talents? I wish that our Junior Compiler not only cherish this painting, but also hope that he would expand the Hall by plastering the walls and applying red coating to [wooden structures].\n\nIn the bingxu year of Kangxi [1706], the third day after chongyang, I, Wang Hongxu from Yunjian, wrote this.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "10 additional seals: \n\n1 seal of Li Duna \u52f5\u675c\u7d0d (1628\u20131703); \n4 seals of Zha Ying \u67e5\u7469 (jinshi of 1766); \n5 seals of Li Yun (dates unknown).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 286274, "title": "Chinese Gallery 240a Rotation \u2013 August 2016", "description": "Chinese Gallery 240a Rotation \u2013 August 2016. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1, 2016-February 6, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-08-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Five Centuries of Chinese painting: Ming & Ch'ing dynasties. Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, TX (June 27-August 8, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-06-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Li Duna \u52f5\u675c\u7d0d [1628\u20131703], by descent to Li Tingyi", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1703", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Li Tingyi \u52f5\u5ef7\u5100 [1669\u20131732]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1703-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Zha Ying \u67e5\u7469 [jinshi of 1766]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Li Enqing \u674e\u6069\u6176 [about 1797\u2013about 1858]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Wan-go H. C. Weng \u7fc1\u842c\u6208 [1918\u20132020], Lyme, NH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. A. Dean Perry [Helen Wade Greene Perry] [1911\u20131996], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131997", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One servant carries the estate owner's carefully wrapped qin, a type of zither.", "description": "Wang Hui \u738b\u7fec, a leading painter in the orthodox school of the early Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), was commissioned to paint this landscape with a country estate for Li Duna \u52f5\u675c\u7d0d (1628\u20131703), vice minister of justice in Emperor Kangxi\u2019s court. The emperor had honored Li by granting him a piece of calligraphy with the name of Li\u2019s retirement retreat, \u201cHall of Lofty Pines.\u201d He drew a comparison between pines and Li\u2019s upright character, resilience, and longevity. Wang Hui\u2019s painting was supposed to allow Li to imagine living in a beautiful, secluded compound among the hills and pines. Sadly, Li died before seeing the completed painting and before receiving the emperor\u2019s permission to retire.
The landscape begins with peaceful riverbanks and low hills. The pines around the estate in the middle of the handscroll are truly lofty, some stretching even beyond the frame of the painting. Li Duna, the estate\u2019s owner, is shown twice in his serene mountain retreat: first approaching the entrance to the compound with two servants at the right, and then later in the scroll, to the left, reading in the comfort of an inner room.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477411"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.106-hall-of-lofty-pines"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Five Centuries of Chinese Painting: Ming & Ch'ing Dynasties: [Exhibition] June 27 Through August 8, 1954, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1954.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 33.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 94, pp. 164-165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wang, Chi-ch\u02bbien, and Victoria Contag. Seals of Chinese painters and collectors of the Ming and Ch'ing periods reproduced in facsimile size and deciphered. Hongkong: Hong Kong University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "pp. 68-70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 246, p. 333", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Clevleand Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 408-415", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "p. 411", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.106", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.106/1997.106_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "59", "filesize": "103361", "filename": "1997.106_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.106/1997.106_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "223", "filesize": "274804", "filename": "1997.106_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.106/1997.106_full.tif", "width": "71585", "height": "4687", "filesize": "1006582152", "filename": "1997.106_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.106/1997.106_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "135", "filesize": "142309"}, "print": {"url": 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Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159731, "creators": [{"id": 6326, "description": "Wang Hui (Chinese, 1632\u20131717)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u738b\u7fec", "birth_year": "1632", "death_year": "1717", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1703", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Hall of Lofty Pines \u677e\u55ac\u5802\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 19:07:11.351000"}, {"id": 149417, "accession_number": "1978.7", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Landscape with Gentle Peaks (\u6d45\u5cf0\u5c71\u6c34\u56f3), 1767. Kan Tenju (Japanese, 1727\u20131795). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; painting only: 133.2 x 45.2 cm (52 7/16 x 17 13/16 in.); including mounting: 216 x 67.7 cm (85 1/16 x 26 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1978.7", "current_location": null, "title": "Landscape with Gentle Peaks", "title_in_original_language": "\u6d45\u5cf0\u5c71\u6c34\u56f3", "creation_date": "1767", "creation_date_earliest": 1767, "creation_date_latest": 1767, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 133.2 x 45.2 cm (52 7/16 x 17 13/16 in.); Including mounting: 216 x 67.7 cm (85 1/16 x 26 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 1.332, "width": 0.452}, "including mounting": {"height": 2.16, "width": 0.677}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u96e8\u904e\u5d50\u5149\u7159\uff0f\u96f2\u967d\u6a39\u5f71\u8aeb\uff0f\u5915\u967d\u72ec\u5728\u5de6\uff0f\uff1f\u5377\u8b80\u6b8b\u66f8", "inscription_translation": "Smoky mist in the mountain, reflects light after the rain/ \nSunlight passes through the clouds to cast shadows of the trees/ \nAlone in the sunset/I read a well-worn book. \n(tr. Tianchu Gao)", "inscription_remark": "artist's inscription with poem, date, signature and seals, upper right.", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "Year in Review: 1978. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310041, "title": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia", "description": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-December 13, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306045, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 11, 2018-January 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-07-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131978", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting combines image and calligraphy, connected by skillful brushwork.", "description": "A figure sits in a retreat tucked into the mountains near a waterfall. The painter, Kan Tenju, was best known as a calligrapher and seal carver. Of Korean heritage, he was a patron of artist Ike Taiga (\u6c60\u5927\u96c5) (1723\u20131776), and a cousin of Taiga\u2019s student Aoki Shukuya (\u9752\u6728 \u5919\u591c) (died 1802). His Chinese-style poem reads as follows: Smoky mist in the mountain reflects light after the rain, Sunlight passes through the clouds to cast shadows of the trees, Alone in the sunset, I read a well-worn book.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473618"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.7-landscape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201348.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39; Mentioned: p. 46, no. 143", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 3 (March 1983): 112\u2013135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 132-133, fig. 36", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.7", "images": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1978.7/1978.7_alt17_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2790", "filesize": "1109006"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1978.7/1978.7_alt17_full.tif", "width": "3480", "height": "2856", "filesize": "29863648"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149417, "creators": [{"id": 315389, "description": "Kan Tenju (Japanese, 1727\u20131795)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u97d3\u5929\u5bff", "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1795", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-05-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1767, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1767", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sunset Landscape after Rain", "Landscape"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-02 19:35:41.654000"}, {"id": 124734, "accession_number": "1946.221", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Group of Bacchus and Ariadne, c. 1759. Orl\u00e9ans Porcelain Factory. Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 25.4 x 18.8 x 16.9 cm (10 x 7 3/8 x 6 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of A. & R. Ball, 1946.221", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure Group of Bacchus and Ariadne", "creation_date": "c. 1759", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, mid-18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 25.4 x 18.8 x 16.9 cm (10 x 7 3/8 x 6 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.188, "depth": 0.169}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This object\u2019s molding and all-white design is characteristic of blanc de chine, the French term referencing the highly prized porcelain produced in the southeastern Fujian province of Dehua, China, known for its pure color and high degree of translucence.", "description": "Porcelain figurines decorated the tabletops and living spaces of wealthy Europeans. Though seen in three-dimensions, their inspiration was often drawn from two-dimensional print sources. Swathed in flowers, this figure group depicts Cretan princess Ariadne pouring a drink for the Roman god of wine, Bacchus. Their pose and surrounding scenery was based on an etching by French engraver Jacques Philippe le Bas.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758340"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.221-figure-group-of-bacc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Bacchus and Venus, a Soft-Paste Figure.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 1 (January 1948): 7-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141426"}, {"citation": "Froissart, Cyrille. \"The Orleans Porcelain Manufactory: Its Production of Soft Paste Groups and Figures.\" The French Porcelain Society Journal 2 (2005): 47-93.", "page_number": "p. 68-69", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.221", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.221/1946.221_web.jpg", "width": "840", "height": "893", "filesize": "321773", "filename": "1946.221_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.221/1946.221_print.jpg", "width": "3199", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5009281", "filename": "1946.221_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.221/1946.221_full.tif", "width": "4048", "height": "4302", "filesize": "52281556", "filename": "1946.221_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-29T14:09:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.221/1946.221_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "823", "height": "893", "filesize": "313266"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.221/1946.221_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3134", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4873522"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1946.221/1946.221_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3968", "height": "4305", "filesize": "51283660"}}], "creditline": "Gift of A. & R. Ball", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124734, "creators": [{"id": 451823, "description": "Orl\u00e9ans Porcelain Factory", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1759", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:02.250000"}, {"id": 148196, "accession_number": "1975.188", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hand Coil, 1800s. Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild. Copper alloy; diameter: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1975.188", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Hand Coil", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Diameter: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned from the Igun Eronmwon, Benin Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1800s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Reportedly, Lehmann Bernheimer, Munich, Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. Wilbur (Katherine) W. Merkel, Gates Mills, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1968, date unclear", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Katherine C. White [1929-1980], Gates Mills, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by at least 1968\u20131975", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["941.68", "138.62"], "did_you_know": "This is a unique object; it was made using the lost-wax casting technique, which destroys the wax mold in the creation process.", "description": "While this looks like a bracelet, it wasn\u2019t worn around a wrist. A chief or titleholder grasped this \u201chand coil\u201d vertically during the annual Igu\u1eb9 festival, during which such men reaffirm their relationship to the \u1eccba, whose mystical powers are strengthened. An image of a man\u2019s head caps each end of the thick, twisted metal. Repeated human touch rubbed the undecorated lengths bright and shiny. Though small, the coil\u2019s detail is enormous: to capture it, the artist incised the designs in wax during the casting process. They show these men are elites, with necklaces, caps, and whisker-like facial markings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928313"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William Buller. African Tribal Images;the Katherine White Reswick Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968, no. 147.", "page_number": "no. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Digital Benin, Markk Museum Am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Kunste der Welt, (Last Updated: 2021-02-13)", "page_number": "ID 148196", "url": "https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/8_148196"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.188", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.188/1975.188_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "900", "filesize": "164431", "filename": "1975.188_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.188/1975.188_print.jpg", "width": "2263", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1184401", "filename": "1975.188_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.188/1975.188_full.tif", "width": "5420", "height": "8142", "filesize": "132413976", "filename": "1975.188_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-07-22T18:32:52", "annotation": "", "web": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.188/1975.188_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3281", "filesize": "1457371"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.188/1975.188_alt7_full.tif", "width": "7656", "height": "7388", "filesize": "169713452"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-01T18:24:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.188/1975.188_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "592", "height": "900", "filesize": "159296"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.188/1975.188_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2236", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1117502"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.188/1975.188_alt8_full.tif", "width": "4768", "height": "7249", "filesize": "103714620"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148196, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-01-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:44.366000"}, {"id": 163040, "accession_number": "2003.6.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Polyhymnia, Muse of Eloquence, 1800. Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832). Oil on canvas; overall: 275 x 177 cm (108 1/4 x 69 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2003.6.1", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Polyhymnia, Muse of Eloquence", "creation_date": "1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th-early 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 275 x 177 cm (108 1/4 x 69 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.75, "width": 1.77}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "In 1819, Nicolas-Antoine de Castella, general of the Swiss regiments in France, purchased the paintings and placed them in his Castle of Wallenreid, Switzerland; direct descendants; Pierre de Castella, Mannaz, Switzerland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Meynier was trained in a studio known by the students of Jacques-Louis David as the atelier of the \"perruques\" (wigs), a name given to royalists or conservatives of the period.", "description": "Polymnia is one of the nine muses in Greek mythology and a patron of dancing or geometry. She is portrayed here standing in front of a bust of the Athenian orator Demosthenes. This painting belongs to a cycle of five works commissioned by businessman Fran\u00e7ois Boyer-Fonfr\u00e9de for his home in Toulouse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479780"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.1-polyhymnia-muse-of-e"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Bracken Sparks, Amy, \"Disappearing Act\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 48 no. 5, May/June 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-05/page/10"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.6.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.1/2003.6.1_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "318704", "filename": "2003.6.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.1/2003.6.1_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4069372", "filename": "2003.6.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.1/2003.6.1_full.tif", "width": "3259", "height": "5000", "filesize": "48915152", "filename": "2003.6.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 163040, "creators": [{"id": 44231, "description": "Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Meynier was a recipient of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1789 and became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1815. A history painter, he created the grand decoration for ceilings of the Louvre (1819 and 1822), and produced numerous pictures glorifying the Napoleonic legend, which for the most part remain in the ch\u00e2teau de Versailles. Through the assistance of his brother Meynier Saint-Phal, a famous actor of the Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise who paid for his studies, the artist entered the atelier of the painter Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 Vincent (1746-1816), a principal rival of the master Jacques-Louis David. The studio in which Meynier received his training was known by the students of David as the atelier of the\"perruques,\" (the wigs) the name given to royalists or conservatives during that period.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1832", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": "Before entering the collection, this entire suite of five monumental paintings by Charles Meynier had numerous conservation issues, including pronounced discolored varnish, years of accumulated grime, and canvases that were detaching from their stretchers, creating large buckles along the edges. The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and is likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. After removal of the discolored, nearly brown varnish layers, nuanced, dynamic, and balanced color relationships were uncovered, as Meynier skillfully juxtaposed colors within the draperies of the muses. For example, in Polyhymnia, the Muse of Eloquence, Meynier places her soft gray-violet drapery next to a yellow orange drapery, using a darker violet tone at the edges of the folds to create volume. These two complimentary colors are beautifully balanced against each other. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Polymnia, Muse of Eloquence"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:41.120000"}, {"id": 125950, "accession_number": "1948.181.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cupids in Conspiracy, 1740s. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 77.5 x 131.5 x 6 cm (30 1/2 x 51 3/4 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 68.8 x 123.2 cm (27 1/16 x 48 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.181.2", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Cupids in Conspiracy", "creation_date": "1740s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1749, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 77.5 x 131.5 x 6 cm (30 1/2 x 51 3/4 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 68.8 x 123.2 cm (27 1/16 x 48 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.775, "width": 1.315, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.688, "width": 1.232}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed left: \"F Boucher\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 205940, "title": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour", "description": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Tours, Tours, France (October 11, 2008-January 12, 2009); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (February 7-May 17, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "French Painting of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (December 2-20, 1926).", "opening_date": "2020-12-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Art of the Eighteenth Century, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford CT (January 23-February 6, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Three French Reigns, Louis XIV, XV, XVI, Royal Northern Hospital, London, 25 Park Lane, (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. Carpenter Gamier, Rookesbury Park, Fareham, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's, London, July 13, 1895)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 13, 1895", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "A. Werthemeyer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Gustav Neufeld von Schoeller (?), Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Duveen Brothers, New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1948", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1948.182"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Along with Music and Dance (1948.181.1), this work is surely part of a series of over-door paintings that would have been installed in a house. However, where the panels were originally installed or who commissioned them remains unknown. They exemplify the fusion of fine arts and decorative arts that was common in elite interior design in 18th-century France. Even though the paintings were part of the wall decoration of the room, the patrons chose Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, a well-known painter of portraits and genre scenes, as well as mythological and religious subjects, to execute them. These two paintings reflect a style that was popular both at court and among other wealthy patrons through much of the eighteenth century: light, charming, pastoral scenes that mix classical elements with pure fantasy. Both of them feature putti, chubby baby characters that add a touch of humor to the images.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515569"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.181.2-cupids-in-conspiracy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, December 2 to 20, 1926. [Detroit]: [Institute of Arts], 1926.", "page_number": "cat. no. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wadsworth Atheneum. Loan Exhibition of French Art of the Eighteenth Century: Morgan Memorial, Hartford, January 23, to February 6, 1929. [Hartford]: [Morgan Memorial], 1929.", "page_number": "cat. no. I", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301. Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. [London]: [publisher not identified], 1933.", "page_number": "cat. nos. 1 and 117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 488", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Wixom, Nancy Coe. \"The Immaculate Conception.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 47, no. 7 (September 1960): 163-165.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142404"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n159"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 22B, p. 51 - 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.181.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181.2/1948.181.2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "697", "filesize": "613518", "filename": "1948.181.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181.2/1948.181.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1876", "filesize": "4264463", "filename": "1948.181.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181.2/1948.181.2_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "3642", "filesize": "72143752", "filename": "1948.181.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125950, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1740s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1948.181", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:44.970000"}, {"id": 153724, "accession_number": "1987.32", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gooseberries on a Table, 1701. Adriaen Coorte (Dutch, 1660\u20131707). Oil on paper mounted on wood; framed: 45.5 x 38.5 x 4.5 cm (17 15/16 x 15 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 29.7 x 22.8 cm (11 11/16 x 9 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1987.32", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Gooseberries on a Table", "creation_date": "1701", "creation_date_earliest": 1701, "creation_date_latest": 1701, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, early 18th Century"], "technique": "oil on paper mounted on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 45.5 x 38.5 x 4.5 cm (17 15/16 x 15 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 29.7 x 22.8 cm (11 11/16 x 9 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.455, "width": 0.385, "depth": 0.045}, "unframed": {"height": 0.297, "width": 0.228}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"A Coorte / 1701\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "The Year in Review for 1987. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 191843, "title": "Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720", "description": "Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (June 19-September 19, 1999); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 31, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-31T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177171, "title": "Small Wonders: Dutch Still Lifes by Adriaen Coorte", "description": "Small Wonders: Dutch Still Lifes by Adriaen Coorte. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (June 29-September 28, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-06-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Auguste Coster [d. 1907], Brussels", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Le Roy, Brussels, Coster sale, April 4-6, 1907, lot 69, possibly sold to Max Massot)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The painting is attributed to \u201cA. Coorbe\" [sic] and is entitled \"Groseilles\" in the sale catalogue.
"], "date": "1907", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Max Massot, Belgium, sold to P. de Boer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1964", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Kunsthandel P. de Boer, Amsterdam, sold to Mrs. Wulf, The Hague)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Piet de Boer was an Amsterdam dealer who was a close contact of Hofer, Posse, Lohse, Miedl and other Nazi art agents. There is nothing in this painting's chain of ownership, however, to indicate any dubious World War II-era provenance, nor does the painting appear in any databases of Nazi-looted art or records pertaining to Nazi looting activities.
"], "date": "1964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Wulf, The Hague, exchanged with P. de Boer for a marine painting by J. van Diest", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-1975", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Kunsthandel P. de Boer, Amsterdam, sold to Johnny Oppenheimer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Johnny Oppenheimer, T\u00f6nnersj\u00f6, Eldsberga, Sweden, consigned to Charles Roelofsz Gallery, Amsterdam1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Oppenheimer also consigned the painting to P. de Boer in 1984; however, it did not sell and remained in Oppenheimer's possession.
"], "date": "1975-1986", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Charles Roelofsz Gallery, Amsterdam)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Sam Nijstad, The Hague, and K. Waterman Gallery, Amsterdam, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Coorte worked in Middelburg, a wealthy maritime city in the southern part of the Netherlands that fostered a poetic, scientific, and spiritual examination of the natural world. Gooseberries\u2014a modest, local pleasure\u2014could be picked in the wild, although Dutch gardeners in the 1600s were the first to cultivate them to improve their taste. The strong illumination gives the plant a stark grandeur, despite the small scale, and the dark background emphasizes the fruit's delicate translucency. The dessicated flower petals and waxy leaves contrast with the succulent gooseberries, with their skin on the verge of bursting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20669045"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.32-gooseberries-on-a-ta"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Buvelot, Quentin. The still lifes of Adriaen Coorte (active c.1683-1707): with oeuvre catalogue. The Hague: Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis, 2008.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilde de Boer-Venverloo, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, May 15, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilde de Boer-Venverloo, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, May 15, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilde de Boer-Venverloo, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, May 15, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilde de Boer-Venverloo, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, May 15, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilde de Boer-Venverloo, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, May 15, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilde de Boer-Venverloo, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, May 15, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 2 (February 1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36; Mentioned: p. 65, no. 19", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan, W T. Kloek, and Celeste Brusati. Still-life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720. Zwolle: Waanders Publishers, 1999.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 75, p. 277-278.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kloek, Wouter. \"L'Age d'Or de la Nature Mortes N\u00e9erlandaise.\" L'Objet d'Art 337, no. 3 (June 1999): 28-40.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. Signs of the Artist: Signatures and Self-Expression in American Paintings. New Haven, CT: B Yale University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sander, Jochen. The Magic of Things: Still-Life Painting, 1500-1800. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 340; Reproduced: p. 347, fig. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grennan, Eamon. Matter of Fact. Saint Paul, Minn: Graywolf Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Jeanette M. \u201cGooseberries on a Table.\u201d JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association 310, no. 10 (September 11, 2013): 1008-1009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 1008-1009", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 192", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Van Niekerk, Marlene. Gesant van die mispels: gedigte by skilderye van Adriaen Coorte ca. 1659-1707. 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14 & 60, no. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.32", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.32/1987.32_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "893", "filesize": "377909", "filename": "1987.32_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.32/1987.32_print.jpg", "width": "2607", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5602328", "filename": "1987.32_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.32/1987.32_full.tif", "width": "4218", "height": "5500", "filesize": "69627524", "filename": "1987.32_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-02-09T20:44:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.32/1987.32_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "900", "filesize": "206995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.32/1987.32_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2625", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6866886"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.32/1987.32_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6100", "height": "7900", "filesize": "144605664"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 153724, "creators": [{"id": 2852, "description": "Adriaen Coorte (Dutch, 1660\u20131707)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1660", "death_year": "1707", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1701, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1701", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:36.797000"}, {"id": 136419, "accession_number": "1960.284", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, 1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Six-panel folding screen; ink on paper; image: 150 x 356 cm (59 1/16 x 140 3/16 in.); overall: 170 x 376 cm (66 15/16 x 148 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee, 1960.284", "current_location": null, "title": "Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1710, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Six-panel folding screen; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 150 x 356 cm (59 1/16 x 140 3/16 in.); Overall: 170 x 376 cm (66 15/16 x 148 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.5, "width": 3.56}, "overall": {"height": 1.7, "width": 3.76}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Sherman Emory Lee [1918\u20132008] and Ruth Ward Lee [1917\u20132011], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 143879, "description": "Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, 1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683-1755). Six-panel folding screen, ink on paper; image: 150 x 356 cm (59 1/16 x 140 3/16 in.); overall: 170 x 376 cm (66 15/16 x 148 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of N. V. Hammer 1968.267", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This screen forms a pair with CMA 1968.267.", "description": "Watanabe Shiko enjoyed a versatile and successful career, as well as a privileged upbringing, in Kyoto. His surviving work indicates a capacity to diligently study, master, and then interpret several painting techniques\u2014each of which varies considerably in appearance. These byobu (folding screens), for instance, reflect training in the Kano school idiom that favored a monochromatic ink palette, vigorous brushwork, and traditional Chinese\u2014rather than Japanese\u2014subject matter. Shiko rendered this scenery in a particularly expansive manner, suggesting the vastness of China's topography relative to Japan's. Frequent visitors to the museum will recall that Shiko also painted the collection's favored pair of byobu, the Irises (CMA 1954.603).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465569"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.284-eight-views-of-the-x"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kanda, Christine Guth. \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d\u2019s Irises.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 7 (September 1984): 240\u2013251.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 241; Reproduced: pp. 242\u2013243, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159873"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 42\u201343", "url": null}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 16", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.284", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.284/1960.284_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "568", "filesize": "491201", "filename": "1960.284_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.284/1960.284_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1530", "filesize": "3730733", "filename": "1960.284_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.284/1960.284_full.tif", "width": "14404", "height": "6485", "filesize": "280262496", "filename": "1960.284_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "569", "filesize": "523194"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "922", "filesize": "1430204"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "922", "filesize": "5666796"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-15T17:53:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "390562"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2601", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6178695"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6523", "filesize": "97715568"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-15T17:59:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "410078"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2540", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6286424"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4874", "height": "6523", "filesize": "95407348"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-15T18:07:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "424691"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2600", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6475307"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.284/1960.284_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6527", "filesize": "97776512"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136419, "creators": [{"id": 6037, "description": "Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e21\u8fba \u59cb\u8208", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1710, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:22.380000"}, {"id": 145420, "accession_number": "1970.71", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums (\u5b50\u72ac\u306b\u96c0\u3001\u83ca\u56f3), c. 1792\u201394. Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799). Fusuma panels remounted as hanging scrolls; ink and slight color on paper; each panel: 211.4 x 94 cm (83 1/4 x 37 in.); each painting: 167.6 x 91.5 cm (66 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.71", "current_location": null, "title": "Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums", "title_in_original_language": "\u5b50\u72ac\u306b\u96c0\u3001\u83ca\u56f3", "creation_date": "c. 1792\u201394", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Fusuma panels remounted as hanging scrolls; ink and slight color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Each panel: 211.4 x 94 cm (83 1/4 x 37 in.); Each painting: 167.6 x 91.5 cm (66 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"each panel": {"height": 2.114, "width": 0.94}, "each painting": {"height": 1.676, "width": 0.915}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription: \u5e73\u5b89\u30fb\u82a6\u96ea\u5beb\u610f; transliteration: Heian, Rosetsu sha'i; sealed: \u9b5a; seal transliteration: Gyo", "inscription_translation": "Inscription: Brushed free-style by Rosetsu of Heian (Kyoto); sealed: Gyo (broken)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "A Cleveland Bestiary. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309646, "title": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art", "description": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-May 1, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-03-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 455863, "title": "Animals in Japanese Art", "description": "Animals in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24-December 10, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 236). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 24, 2013-July 21, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-24T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Setsu Gatodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The round circular areas in the paintings' paper surfaces, each surrounded by a dark halo of embedded dirt and finger oils, indicate the location of the door \"catches.\"", "description": "These paintings were originally mounted as sliding doors (fusuma) used inside a building. The circular areas on the paintings\u2019 paper surfaces are traces of the former positions of the door pulls (hikite). A flock of sparrows gathers on a trellis supporting flowering chrysanthemum. Below is a litter of puppies, some cavorting, others napping. The tender story created by the curious puppy peering up and tilting its head to listen to the bird\u2019s insistent call in the leftmost part of the composition is characteristic of Nagasawa Rosetsu\u2019s paintings, which often use animals to illustrate the human condition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471077"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.71-puppies-sparrows-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 127, p. 69; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 385", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n405"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. A Cleveland Bestiary. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33, p. 61; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.71", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71/1970.71_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "409", "filesize": "174381", "filename": "1970.71_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71/1970.71_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1545", "filesize": "1079418", "filename": "1970.71_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71/1970.71_full.tif", "width": "17121", "height": "7779", "filesize": "399582256", "filename": "1970.71_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-02-23T15:02:53.015000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71/1970.71_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "545", "height": "900", "filesize": "147876"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71/1970.71_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2057", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1217024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71/1970.71_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3022", "height": "4995", "filesize": "45323840"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145420, "creators": [{"id": 381102, "description": "Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Japanese painter, 1754-1799", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1792\u201394", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:22.282000"}, {"id": 148571, "accession_number": "1976.112", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Five Pine Trees (\u4e94\u677e\u5716), 1747. Li Shan (Chinese, c. 1686\u20131762). Hanging scroll; ink on paper; image: 199.9 x 94.3 cm (78 11/16 x 37 1/8 in.); overall: 260 x 98 cm (102 3/8 x 38 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1976.112", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Pine Trees", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e94\u677e\u5716", "creation_date": "1747", "creation_date_earliest": 1747, "creation_date_latest": 1747, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 199.9 x 94.3 cm (78 11/16 x 37 1/8 in.); Overall: 260 x 98 cm (102 3/8 x 38 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.999, "width": 0.943}, "mounted": {"height": 2.602, "width": 1.06}, "overall": {"height": 2.6, "width": 0.98}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.6, "width": 1.055}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's 5 poems (not translated), inscription, signature, and 4 seals: [seal] Chung-yang. A friend asked me to paint the five pines. I associated the straight pine with a statesman, the bald one with a famous general, the one leaning to one side and the one reclining with dragons, the short round one with foliage like a grass-mat with either an immortal or Buddha. And I composed a long poem as inscription.\n\tIn autumn, the ninth month of the ting-mao year [1747], the twelfth year of the Ch'ien-lung era, I imitated the style of T'ien-ch'ih sheng [Hs\u00fc Wei, 1521-1593], at the Sheng-hsien fu-ou Studio in the southern part of the city. Fu-t'ang, Ao-tao jen, Li Shan. [2 seals] Shan-yin; Tsung-yang. [seal, lower left corner] Fu-t'ang, Li Shan.\n\ntrans. LYSL/WKH", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "2 additional seals of Cheng Qi \u7a0b\u7426 (1911\u20131988)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 298005, "title": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 14, 2017-February 5, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-08-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 12-November 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-06T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Cheng Qi \u7a0b\u7426 [1911\u20131988], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131976", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The writing among the branches illustrates the kinship between painting and calligraphy.", "description": "Li Shan was born into a family of scholars and officials in Yangzhou. The wealth and status of Li's family assured him an educational and cultural advantage, including his appointment at court. The subjects Li Shan chose to paint\u2014orchids, bamboo, pines, and flowers\u2014reflected his literati background. Five Pine Trees, painted late in his career, is an unconventional work. Rather than having focused on a realistic treatment of the subject, Li created the trees with an interplay of richly modulated strokes, while he utilized a semicursive script among the branches to illustrate the kinship between painting and calligraphy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473010"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.112-five-pine-trees"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cheng, Qi \u7a0b\u7426. Xuan hui tang shu hua lu \u8431\u6689\u5802\u66f8\u756b\u9304. Hong Kong: Xuan hui tang, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 203(b)\u2013204(a)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 268, pp. 366\u2013367", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. Chinese Painting--an Escape from the \"Dusty\" World. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 34, p. 50", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.112", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.112/1976.112_web.jpg", "width": "423", "height": "893", "filesize": "338291", "filename": "1976.112_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.112/1976.112_print.jpg", "width": "1609", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4177953", "filename": "1976.112_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.112/1976.112_full.tif", "width": "3104", "height": "6560", "filesize": "61108792", "filename": "1976.112_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "418", "height": "893", "filesize": "72890"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "959", "height": "2048", "filesize": "316979"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt0_full.tif", "width": "959", "height": "2048", "filesize": "322108"}}, {"date_created": "2009-12-08T23:37:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "295", "height": "893", "filesize": "223106"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2665795"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2240", "height": "6784", "filesize": "45609692"}}, {"date_created": "2009-12-08T23:37:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "525", "height": "893", "filesize": "334883"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1997", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4744751"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.112/1976.112_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3984", "height": "6784", "filesize": "81103580"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148571, "creators": [{"id": 31397, "description": "Li Shan (Chinese, c. 1686\u20131762)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u674e\u9c54", "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1762", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-12-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1747, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1747", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:49.628000"}, {"id": 149429, "accession_number": "1978.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Self-Portrait in a Hat, c. 1790. Anne-Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson (French, 1767\u20131824). Black chalk, with stumping, heightened with traces of white gouache; sheet: 21.6 x 17.5 cm (8 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.); secondary support: 21.6 x 17.5 cm (8 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden Fund, 1978.79", "current_location": null, "title": "Self-Portrait in a Hat", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "black chalk, with stumping, heightened with traces of white gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "light gray wove paper laid down on beige(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.6 x 17.5 cm (8 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.); Secondary Support: 21.6 x 17.5 cm (8 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.216, "width": 0.175}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.216, "width": 0.175}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "VERSO OF SECONDARY SUPPORT, upper left, in graphite: 13/45 [5 written over a numeral 4]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "Year in Review: 1978. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219170, "title": "Girodet: Romantic Rebel", "description": "Girodet: Romantic Rebel. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (May 22-August 27, 2006); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (October 12, 2006-January 21, 2007).", "opening_date": "2005-09-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exposition \"Une Oeuvre\": Un Dessin de Girodet. Mus\u00e9e Girodet, Montargis, France (November 3 - 18, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-11-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Adrian Ward-Jackson, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1978", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Self-portraiture was a common practice among the young artists who, like Anne-Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson, worked in the studio of the acclaimed history painter Jacques-Louis David.", "description": "Anne-Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson created this self-portrait as a young man, in his 20s, while living in Italy after winning the prestigious Prix de Rome. The artist meets the viewer's gaze boldly and directly from underneath his distinctive hat. The drawing is one of several depictions that Girodet created of himself around this time and may have been intended as a gift by exchange for a colleague.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930688"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.79-self-portrait-in-a-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19; Mentioned: p. 43, no. 49", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Champion, Jean-Loup. \"A Theater of Mirrors: Girodet's Self-Portraits.\" In Girodet, 1767-1824. Sylvain Bellenger, ed. Exh. Cat. Paris: Gallimard, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 98-99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arasa, Yaelle. Davidiennes: Les Femmes Peintres de l'Atelier de Jacques-Louis David (1768-1825). Paris: L'Harmattan, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 124-125", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.79/1978.79_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "893", "filesize": "497214", "filename": "1978.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.79/1978.79_print.jpg", "width": "2750", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8501093", "filename": "1978.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.79/1978.79_full.tif", "width": "4521", "height": "5588", "filesize": "75821364", "filename": "1978.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1978.79/1978.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "495609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1978.79/1978.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1929", "filesize": "2468221"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1978.79/1978.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1929", "filesize": "8892100"}}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149429, "creators": [{"id": 1697, "description": "Anne-Louis Girodet de Roucy-Trioson (French, 1767\u20131824)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "On the advice of his architecture instructor \u00c9tienne-Louis Boull\u00e9e (1728-1799), Girodet enrolled in the atelier of David (q.v.) in 1783 to study painting, working alongside other young artists like Gros (q.v.) and Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Wicar (1762-1834) who were also taught in David's neoclassical style. Girodet's early works display the influence of David in the linear and sculptural quality of his figures. After three consecutive years of competing for the Prix de Rome, he finally won at his fourth effort in 1789. Later that year the Revolution broke out in France and Girodet made numerous drawings of the fall of the Bastille. In 1790 he left for Italy where he stayed for five years. During that time his style changed and softened under the influence of the works of Leonardo (1452-1519) and Correggio (1489/94-1534). Girodet strove to be unique and original in his depictions and even went to great lengths to oppose David's neoclassicism. His new interest in atmospheric and light effects differed from that of his teacher. He made a name for himself at the Salon of 1793, with his submission of Sleep of Endymion (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). After his return to Paris from Italy, Girodet became known as a portrait painter and accepted numerous commissions, but many of them were either late in delivery or never completed. Girodet's tendency to interpret commissions to prove his own originality often offended and alienated his patrons. He did not find official success at the Salon again until 1808 and produced little after 1815.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1767", "death_year": "1824", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-11-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:28.069000"}, {"id": 152014, "accession_number": "1984.65", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Birth of Krishna, from a Sursagar of Surdas (Indian, c. 1480\u20131580), 1705\u201310. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 33.6 x 22.2 cm (13 1/4 x 8 3/4 in.); overall: 37 x 25.4 cm (14 9/16 x 10 in.); with mat: 49 x 36.3 cm (19 5/16 x 14 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edwin R. and Harriet Pelton Perkins Memorial Fund, 1984.65", "current_location": null, "title": "The Birth of Krishna, from a Sursagar of Surdas (Indian, c. 1480\u20131580)", "creation_date": "1705\u201310", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1710, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 33.6 x 22.2 cm (13 1/4 x 8 3/4 in.); Overall: 37 x 25.4 cm (14 9/16 x 10 in.); with mat: 49 x 36.3 cm (19 5/16 x 14 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.336, "width": 0.222}, "overall": {"height": 0.37, "width": 0.254}, "with mat": {"height": 0.49, "width": 0.363}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "", "inscription_translation": "[[recto, in upper margin]] Today I have heard good news and come: Mother Ya\u015bod\u0101's given birth to a son. The courtyard's plastered with revelry. What can I say? I'm speechless: the ground fairly glistens with jewels. Young men, old men, kids\u2014they're all dancing. It's a mess of milk and curds. Cowherds and cowherd girls crowd at the door\u2014how can it be described? The Lord of S\u016brd\u0101s who knows everything inside\u2014he is Nanda's son. He's the one who gives us joy.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "Year in Review for 1984. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4\u2013August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20\u2013August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5\u2013April 27, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-05T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 151879, "description": "Krishna asks for sweets, from a Sursagar of Surdas (Indian, c. 1480\u20131580), 1705\u201310. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 36.5 x 25.4 cm (14 3/8 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski, 1984.172", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many poets in Udaipur styled themselves as \"Surdas.\"", "description": "The blind poet and Hindu saint Surdas (1578/79\u2013c. 1581), a devotee of Krishna, is shown in the hut at the lower right corner playing cymbals to measure meter as he recites his poem, called Sursagar. Verse 5 is written at the top of the page, and the scenes of festivities surrounding the arrival of the newborn Krishna are depicted throughout the rest of the painting. His adoptive mother Yashoda lies with the infant in the chamber at the upper left. His dark skin led to his being named Krishna, meaning dark, and shown as blue. Women clamor at her door to see the baby, as the men of the village receive silver coins being distributed on behalf of Nanda, the village elder and Krishna\u2019s adoptive father, who is seated at the left receiving two well-wishers. Below, men and children of the cowherd village celebrate by pouring pots of curds and ghee over each other and dancing to the sounds of horns and drums.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475339"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.65-the-birth-of-krishna"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 29, cat. no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hawley, John Stratton. Su\u0304rda\u0304s: Poet, singer, saint. Delhi: Primus Books, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 277, fig. 7.28, and 33rd page of color plates; Mentioned: p. 276-78.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diamond, Debra, and Dipti Khera, eds. A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur. Munich, Germany: Hirmer Publishers; Washington, DC: National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: No. 56, p. 237; Mentioned: pp. 234, 242, 244, 345\u2013346.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.65", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.65/1984.65_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "900", "filesize": "258222", "filename": "1984.65_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.65/1984.65_print.jpg", "width": "2329", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2577324", "filename": "1984.65_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.65/1984.65_full.tif", "width": "5007", "height": "7309", "filesize": "109823484", "filename": "1984.65_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.65/1984.65_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "893", "filesize": "516748"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.65/1984.65_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1377", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1427028"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.65/1984.65_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1377", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8463748"}}], "creditline": "Edwin R. and Harriet Pelton Perkins Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152014, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-09-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1705\u201310", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:08.116000"}, {"id": 148814, "accession_number": "1976.60.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Daoist Immortal He Xiangu (base) (\u9ec3\u694a\u6728\u96d5\u4f55\u4ed9\u59d1\u6cdb\u821f), 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Colored ivory; overall: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1976.60.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Figure of Daoist Immortal He Xiangu (base)", "title_in_original_language": "\u9ec3\u694a\u6728\u96d5\u4f55\u4ed9\u59d1\u6cdb\u821f", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Colored ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.135}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 30, 1999-April 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "1999-05-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Tokyo Gallery Limited, London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131976", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1976.60"], "did_you_know": "He Xiangu's boat rests on a wave-shaped base carved from ivory that has been dyed green.", "description": "He Xiangu is one of the Eight Immortals in the Daoist pantheon. She was thought have been a real person who lived in the Tang dynasty, originally named He Qiong. As a teenager, she was instructed in a dream to eat powdered mica to become immune from death and to vow to remain unmarried. She did so and became an enlightened practitioner of Daoism.
In this delicate carving, He Xiangu is placidly seated in a gnarled and knotty wooden raft amid green-tinted ivory waves. In front of her rests a bamboo basket filled with objects associated with Daoist immortality, while she holds a branch of lingzhi fungus.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79929349"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.60.b-figure-of-daoist-imm"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1976.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 2 (February 1977): 39\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79, no. 167; Reproduced: p. 65, no. 167", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152676"}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen. Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China: the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "cat. no. 15, p. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watson, William, and Chuimei Ho. The Arts of China After 1620. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 116, fig. 135", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von. \"Arts of Asia fiftieth anniversary: featuring fifty favorite objects: selected by experts in the Asian art world.\" Arts of Asia 50, no. 1 (January/February 2020): 57\u2013110.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106; Mentioned: p. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von. \u201cFour Curators, Four Favorites.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 62, no. 2 (2022): 31.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.60.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "514", "filesize": "157315", "filename": "1976.60.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1941", "filesize": "983757", "filename": "1976.60.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_full.tif", "width": "10246", "height": "5848", "filesize": "179782952", "filename": "1976.60.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-10-02T14:37:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "551", "filesize": "114321"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2083", "filesize": "1156016"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "4900", "filesize": "117628384"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-09T14:12:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "527", "filesize": "188293"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1990", "filesize": "1379032"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9790", "height": "5731", "filesize": "168347496"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-09T14:17:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "501", "filesize": "166436"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1893", "filesize": "1264876"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.60.b/1976.60.b_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9705", "height": "5404", "filesize": "157364916"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "d8b31e100ea34bcf82681620bdb51476", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/d8b31e100ea34bcf82681620bdb51476", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148814, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-07-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1976.60", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Taoist Immortal He Xiangu"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:16.126000"}, {"id": 149357, "accession_number": "1978.20", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Sacrifice Interrupted, 1770s. John Hamilton Mortimer (British, 1740\u20131779). Pen and brown ink; sheet: 24.5 x 36 cm (9 5/8 x 14 3/16 in.); secondary support: 31.7 x 43.7 cm (12 1/2 x 17 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund and Delia E. Holden Fund, 1978.20", "current_location": null, "title": "A Sacrifice Interrupted", "creation_date": "1770s", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 24.5 x 36 cm (9 5/8 x 14 3/16 in.); Secondary Support: 31.7 x 43.7 cm (12 1/2 x 17 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.245, "width": 0.36}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.317, "width": 0.437}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "Year in Review: 1978. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310295, "title": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art", "description": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 1-July 22, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Ramiel M. Howitt, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1978", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Hamilton Mortimer's close friend James Gandon described Mortimer's technique: \"He never altered a line . . . and all the time he [worked] he conversed and entertained his friends with the same easy cheerfulness and pleasantry as if wholly unemployed.\"", "description": "One of the most talented draftsmen of his generation in England, John Hamilton Mortimer became known for a style of drawing in pen and ink that was bold, confident, and energetic. This sheet depicts a large crowd in a frieze-like arrangement gathered to witness a figure with an axe on the verge of decapitating a young male captive. Mortimer deliberately sought out obscure narratives and leaned toward the violent and macabre. In spite of the research of numerous art historians, the specific subject of the drawing has yet to be identified.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930465"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.20-a-sacrifice-interrup"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1978.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 66, no. 1 (1979): 3-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, no. 95", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Sunderland, John. \"John Hamilton Mortimer, His Life and Works.\" Walpole Society 52 (1988).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 198-9, no. 163; Reproduced: pl. 283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smiles, Sam. The Image of Antiquity: Ancient Britain and the Romantic Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 100-101; Reproduced: pl. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smiles, Sam. \"J.H. Mortimer and Ancient Britain: An Unrecorded Project and a New Identification.\" Apollo 142 (November 1995): 42-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 45-46; Reproduced: fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.184-185, 294, no. 75; Reproduced; 185", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.20", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.20/1978.20_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "859", "filesize": "416674", "filename": "1978.20_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.20/1978.20_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2313", "filesize": "2648123", "filename": "1978.20_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.20/1978.20_full.tif", "width": "6366", "height": "4331", "filesize": "82736764", "filename": "1978.20_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund and Delia E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149357, "creators": [{"id": 1373, "description": "John Hamilton Mortimer (British, 1740\u20131779)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1740", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-05-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1770s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Druidical Sacrifice Interrupted", "Allegory", "Sacrificial Scene"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:34.659000"}, {"id": 149590, "accession_number": "1979.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Vignette of Life on the Frontier (\u585e\u4e0a\u91ce\u8da3\u5716), c. 1717\u201322. Jiao Bingzhen (Chinese, active c. 1670\u20131726), and Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766). Folding fan; ink and color on paper; painting: 19 x 55 cm (7 1/2 x 21 5/8 in.); overall with sticks: 33 x 55 cm (13 x 21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Eleanor and Morris Everett, 1979.18", "current_location": null, "title": "A Vignette of Life on the Frontier", "title_in_original_language": "\u585e\u4e0a\u91ce\u8da3\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1717\u201322", "creation_date_earliest": 1717, "creation_date_latest": 1722, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Kangxi period (1662-1722)"], "technique": "Folding fan; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 19 x 55 cm (7 1/2 x 21 5/8 in.); Overall with sticks: 33 x 55 cm (13 x 21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall with sticks": {"height": 0.33, "width": 0.55}, "painting": {"height": 0.19, "width": 0.55}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u585e\u4e0a\u91ce\u8da3\u5716\u3002\u5949\u52c5\u5beb\u771f\u3002\u81e3\u7126\u79c9\u8c9e\u90de\u4e16\u5be7\u5408\u7b46\u606d\u7e6a\u3002[\u5370]\u79c9\u8c9e; \u4e16\u5be7.", "inscription_translation": "Artists' inscription, signatures, and 2 seals (1 of each artist): \n\nA vignette of life on the frontier. On Your Majesty\u2019s order, we the servitors Jiao Bingzhen and Lang Shining jointly depicted the scene. [seals] Bingzhen; Shining.", "inscription_remark": "The inscription is informative in at least two respects. First, it identifies the fan painting as a pictorial record of a scene that the Kangxi Emperor had witnessed during a journey to the frontier, and it records that he commanded two of his court painters, a Chinese and a Westerner, to represent the scene accurately. Second, the manner in which the signatures were placed (most likely by Jiao Bingzhen) signals a clear difference in rank between the two artists. Jiao Bingzhen comes first followed by Lang Shining, the Chinese name for the younger artist, Giuseppe Castiglione.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "2 seals of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736-95). 12 poems by the Qianlong emperor and inscribed in clerical script by Wang Youdun \u6c6a\u7531\u6566 (1692-1758).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "1 poem incised on the outer ribs of the fan, front and back by Dong Bangda \u8463\u90a6\u9054 (1699\u20131769).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Dong's inscription quotes in part a poem by the Tang poet Li Bai \u674e\u767d (701-762). It was done at the imperial command at Taoyuan Shuwo (\u8a0e\u539f\u66f8\u5c4b or Taoyuan Library) at the Changchun Garden \u66a2\u6625\u5712.", "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "Year in Review: 1979. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "The Twain Shall Meet. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311482, "title": "Fans: East and West", "description": "Fans: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 15, 1992-March 7, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-12-15T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of the Qianlong Emperor, r. 1736\u20131795)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(David Newman [1936\u20132012], London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One horseshoe is visible beneath the uplifted hoof.", "description": "Jiao Bingzhen, a court painter largely active during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, was the senior artist on this fan. Jiao painted the Manchu horse trainer and the setting into which the horse was inserted by Giuseppe Castiglione. Each artist was bonded to his own artistic tradition, while flexibly and harmoniously accommodating the others\u2019 style.
Jiao\u2019s brushwork displays rigor and control, particularly in the twisting and turning trunk of the willow. The treatment of the figure and his clothes is an exercise in linearity. The horse trainer\u2019s gesture and posture closely adhere to the known repertoire of the Chinese figural tradition, but the specificity supplies a sense of documentary reportage of life on the frontier. His shaved forehead and white temples identify him as a Manchu. The thick fabric of his garments was defined in a different sort of brush line than Jiao typically used for Chinese scholars or travelers.
Jesuit priest Castiglione, a newcomer to China at the time this was painted, brought a sense of Western realism to the horse. Poised at a slight angle, the horse is alert, its eye gleaming. Its contours suggest the bulk of its anatomy with skilled but not overpowering modelling, and careful and subtly wrought attention to detail, such as fluttering strand of mane.
Because of his ability to combine traditional Chinese painting techniques with Western methods of perspective and chiaroscuro, Castiglione went on to be the most favored and honored of the missionary artists who served the early Qing emperors. Throughout his career, in addition to imperial demands for portraits and records of court events, Castiglione continued to paint favored imperial horses. These animal subjects reflect the desire of Kangxi and his successors to celebrate their nomadic origins and to keep alive the martial prowess of the Manchu warriors in their new and sedentary world of conquered China.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473756"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.18-a-vignette-of-life-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 67, no. 3 (1980): 58-99.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 116, p. 86; Mentioned: p. 62", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 261, pp. 353-354", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c. Chu\u0304goku kaiga so\u0304go\u0304 zuroku [\u4e2d\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u7e3d\u5408\u5716\u9304= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Paintings], \u7b2c1\u5377. \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u00b7\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u7bc7[= vol. 1 American and Canadian collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982.", "page_number": "#A22-221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. Ai Weiwei: Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads: July 27, 2013-January 26, 2014, the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 431-433", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.18/1979.18_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "878", "filesize": "665497", "filename": "1979.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.18/1979.18_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2363", "filesize": "4535734", "filename": "1979.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.18/1979.18_full.tif", "width": "6896", "height": "4792", "filesize": "99157960", "filename": "1979.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-11-12T15:53:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.18/1979.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "891", "filesize": "703251"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.18/1979.18_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2398", "filesize": "4575171"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.18/1979.18_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6816", "height": "4808", "filesize": "98335056"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Eleanor and Morris Everett", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149590, "creators": [{"id": 31379, "description": "Jiao Bingzhen (Chinese, active c. 1670\u20131726)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Court painter largely active during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. He was one of the early Chinese painters to use Western techniques.", "name_in_original_language": "\u7126\u79c9\u771f", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 27841, "description": "Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian Jesuit missionary and painter, who worked in China. He served as an artist at the imperial court of three emperors: the Kangzi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong emperors. He painted in a style that is a fusion of European and Chinese traditions.", "name_in_original_language": "\u90ce\u4e16\u5be7", "birth_year": "1688", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1717, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1717\u201322", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Training a Horse on the Northern Frontier", "A Vignette of Life on the Frontier \u585e\u4e0a\u91ce\u8da3\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:41.895000"}, {"id": 152317, "accession_number": "1985.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lotuses, Insects, and Birds (\uc5f0\ud654\ubc31\ub85c\ub3c4 (\uf999\u82b1\u767d\uf93a\u5716)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; image: 112.6 x 57.5 cm (44 5/16 x 22 5/8 in.); overall: 174.5 x 77.5 cm (68 11/16 x 30 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1985.18", "current_location": null, "title": "Lotuses, Insects, and Birds", "title_in_original_language": "\uc5f0\ud654\ubc31\ub85c\ub3c4 (\uf999\u82b1\u767d\uf93a\u5716)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 112.6 x 57.5 cm (44 5/16 x 22 5/8 in.); Overall: 174.5 x 77.5 cm (68 11/16 x 30 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.126, "width": 0.575}, "overall": {"height": 1.745, "width": 0.775}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "Year in Review for 1984. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 373312, "title": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea", "description": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 7-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 21, 2014-January 12, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Given its subject matter of lotus flowers, herons, kingfisher, and dragonflies, this hanging scroll may have been hung for display during the summer.", "description": "Pairs of herons, kingfishers, and dragonflies punctuate a profusion of lotus in this composition that, given the orientation of the herons and the clustering of motifs in the left-hand side of the work, may have once been the left painting of a pair. Given its subject matter, this hanging scroll may have been hung for display during the summer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475411"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.18-lotuses-insects-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \u201cThe Annual Report for 1984.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 4 (July 1985): 242\u2013298.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180; Mentioned: p. 206, no. 167", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905"}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha, Mi-ae. \"The Volume Three of the Mustard Seed GardenManual of Painting and Late Joseon-Period Bird and Flower Paintings [\u82a5\u5b50\u5712\u7575\u50b3 3\uc9d1\uacfc \uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \ud654\uc870\ud654].\" Misulsa yeongu (2012): 53\u201386.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02080795"}, {"citation": "Yi, Eun-ha. \"Naturalism in Late Joseon-Period Bird and Flower Paintings [\uc870\uc120\ud6c4\uae30 \ud654\uc870\ud654\uc758 \u5f62\u5beb\u6027].\" Hangukhak yeogu (2013): 65\u201391.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02200350"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 219, no. 122", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.18/1985.18_web.jpg", "width": "450", "height": "893", "filesize": "287460", "filename": "1985.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.18/1985.18_print.jpg", "width": "1712", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3974657", "filename": "1985.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.18/1985.18_full.tif", "width": "2518", "height": "5000", "filesize": "37793316", "filename": "1985.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-08T12:59:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "465", "height": "893", "filesize": "66318"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1771", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1051297"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3474", "height": "6668", "filesize": "69517216"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "412", "height": "893", "filesize": "226624"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1570", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2927652"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2309", "height": "5000", "filesize": "34658340"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-08T12:24:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "429", "height": "893", "filesize": "44790"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "651993"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.18/1985.18_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3140", "height": "6541", "filesize": "61639640"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152317, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-01-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:09.263000"}, {"id": 152444, "accession_number": "1985.271", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Beauty (\u7f8e\u4eba\u56f3), early 1800s. Gion Seitoku (Japanese, active late 1700s\u2013early 1800s). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; overall: 139.7 x 55.8 cm (55 x 21 15/16 in.); painting only: 56.3 x 43.1 cm (22 3/16 x 16 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith, 1985.271", "current_location": null, "title": "A Beauty", "title_in_original_language": "\u7f8e\u4eba\u56f3", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1830, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 139.7 x 55.8 cm (55 x 21 15/16 in.); Painting only: 56.3 x 43.1 cm (22 3/16 x 16 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.397, "width": 0.558}, "painting only": {"height": 0.563, "width": 0.431}, "overall with knobs and cord": {"height": 1.415, "width": 0.62}, "knob diam": {"height": 0.03}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u6771\u5c71\u753b\u5974\u4e95\u7279\u5beb \u300c\u5b57\u65e5\u4f2f\u7acb\u300d\u767d\u6587\u65b9\u5370\u30fb\u300c\u305b\u3044\u3068\u304f\u300d\u6731\u6587\u5343\u9ce5\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Artist's signature and two seals at right side: \n\nPainted by Seitoku, painter of Higashiyama. [seals] styled Hakuritsu and Seitoku.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301790, "title": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World", "description": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310240, "title": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection", "description": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14-November 13, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 178454, "title": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections", "description": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 440861, "title": "Japan\u2019s Floating World \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6d6e\u4e16", "description": "Japan\u2019s Floating World \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6d6e\u4e16. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 8-October 9, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-04-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Ukiyo-e Shuei [Collection of Ukiyo-e Painting]. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (1923).", "opening_date": "1923-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kozo Yabumoto, Hyogo, Japan, sold to Kelvin Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, Cleveland, OH, given by Mrs. Kelvin [Eleanor Armstrong] Smith [1899\u20131998] to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["570.73"], "did_you_know": "The person's lipstick is made from safflower.", "description": "A Kyoto-based ukiyo-e painter, Gion Seitoku specialized in portraying women from Gion and Shimabara, licensed brothel districts in that city. He was known for detailing faces with subtle modeling to heighten a sense of realism. During the 1700s and 1800s, wearing iridescent, greenish lip gloss made from safflower was in vogue. In addition, Japanese women almost universally practiced the custom of artificially blackening their teeth with a stain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475593"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.271-a-beauty"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kyo\u0304to Teishitsu Hakubutsukan \u4eac\u90fd\u5e1d\u5ba4\u535a\u7269\u9928. Ukiyo-E Shu\u0304ei: Tokubetsu Tenran \u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u805a\u82f1. Kyoto: Benrido\u0304, 1923.", "page_number": "no. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Donald. \u201cPaintings of the Floating World.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 75, no.7 (September 1988): 244\u2013260, 262\u2013278, 238.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 273, figure 14, and color plate VIII, p. 269", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25160038"}, {"citation": "\u201cChecklist of the Kelvin Smith Bequest.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 292\u2013295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 294", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25160040"}, {"citation": "Laing, Mary, ed. Masterpieces of Ukiyo-E : Paintings from the Manno Art Museum. New York, NY: Sebastian Izzard LLC, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.271", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.271/1985.271_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "900", "filesize": "233170", "filename": "1985.271_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.271/1985.271_print.jpg", "width": "2664", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2289219", "filename": "1985.271_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.271/1985.271_full.tif", "width": "9662", "height": "12332", "filesize": "357482436", "filename": "1985.271_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-02-26T09:30:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.271/1985.271_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "159350"}, "print": {"url": 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{"date_created": "2021-08-03T14:09:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.271/1985.271_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "633", "filesize": "194818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.271/1985.271_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2390", "filesize": "1585576"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.271/1985.271_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6785", "height": "4769", "filesize": "39465024"}}, {"date_created": "2021-08-04T10:22:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.271/1985.271_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "694", "filesize": "195116"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.271/1985.271_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2622", "filesize": "1376665"}, "full": {"url": 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"is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Woman"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:33.381000"}, {"id": 154264, "accession_number": "1988.74", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Brush Holder with Bamboo and Landscape Design (\ub300\ub098\ubb34 \uc0b0\uc218\ubb34\ub2ac \ud314\uac01\ud544\ud1b5 (\u7af9\u5c71\u6c34\u6587\u516b\u5404\u7b46\u7b52)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Carved bamboo; overall: 10.1 x 9 cm (4 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1988.74", "current_location": null, "title": "Brush Holder with Bamboo and Landscape Design", "title_in_original_language": "\ub300\ub098\ubb34 \uc0b0\uc218\ubb34\ub2ac \ud314\uac01\ud544\ud1b5 (\u7af9\u5c71\u6c34\u6587\u516b\u5404\u7b46\u7b52)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "carved bamboo", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 10.1 x 9 cm (4 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.101, "width": 0.09}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.098}, "diameter of cylinder": {"width": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310246, "title": "The Year in Review for 1988", "description": "The Year in Review for 1988. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 14, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 287904, "title": "Chaekgeori: Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens", "description": "Chaekgeori: Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 5-November 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 22\u2013October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-22T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Masaaki Yoshida, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131988", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Stationery objects such as this brush holder were highly appreciated among scholars, not only for their function, but for their aesthetic.", "description": "An 18th-century Korean collector Yu Man-joo (1755\u20131788) wrote that \u201cspending money on luxury clothing, dishes, and decorations for the home is a waste, but acquiring fancy writing tools helps to develop elegant taste and high-mindedness.\u201d
Inspired by aesthetic discourses on elegance versus vulgarity in late Ming Chinese literature, Korean collectors in the late 1700s and 1800s strove to assemble objects that would display their intellect and sophisticated taste. Stationery objects in particular\u2014printed books, finely crafted brushes, brush holders, ink stones, water droppers, stone wares with grayish-white crackled glazes as well as bronze vessels, and incense burners\u2014were all objects that reflected pure and elegant taste.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79941090"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.74-brush-holder-with-ba"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1988.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 76, no. 2 (February 1989): 30\u201375.", "page_number": "p. 74, no. 212", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160061"}, {"citation": "Joseon-Period Stationary Objects [\u671d\u9bae \u6642\u4ee3 \u6587\u623f \u8af8\u5177]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 1992.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yang Uisuk. Joseon ui mokgongye: bueoksegan gwa sarangbangui gimul [\uc870\uc120\uc758 \ubaa9\uacf5\uc608: \ubd80\uc5cc\uc138\uac04\uacfc \uc0ac\ub791\ubc29\uc758 \uae30\ubb3c]. Seoul: Yenareu, 1994.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood Craft [\ubaa9\u6728\u00b7\uacf5\u5de5]. Seoul: Ehwa Woman\u2019s University Museum, 2015.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1988.74", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.74/1988.74_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "95093", "filename": "1988.74_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.74/1988.74_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3141", "filesize": "997900", "filename": "1988.74_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.74/1988.74_full.tif", "width": "3982", "height": "3679", "filesize": "43975880", "filename": "1988.74_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-17T14:58:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "842", "height": "893", "filesize": "103725"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3206", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1202518"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3243", "height": "3439", "filesize": "33484092"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T15:03:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "786", "height": "893", "filesize": "111441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2993", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1312074"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2903", "height": "3297", "filesize": "28739908"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T15:08:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "964", "height": "893", "filesize": "106220"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3151", "filesize": "1098757"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3733", "height": "3460", "filesize": "38774028"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T15:15:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "994", "height": "893", "filesize": "54786"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3054", "filesize": "612639"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3524", "height": "3166", "filesize": "33495968"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T15:21:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1033", "height": "893", "filesize": "104256"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2938", "filesize": "1212953"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.74/1988.74_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3602", "height": "3113", "filesize": "33665364"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154264, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1988-09-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:49.790000"}, {"id": 101636, "accession_number": "1920.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box with Painted Oxhorn (\ud654\uac01\ud568 (\u83ef\u89d2\u51fd)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Painted wood with flattened ox-horn inlay; overall: 16.5 x 28.6 cm (6 1/2 x 11 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Purchase Fund, 1920.37", "current_location": null, "title": "Box with Painted Oxhorn", "title_in_original_language": "\ud654\uac01\ud568 (\u83ef\u89d2\u51fd)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "painted wood with flattened ox-horn inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 16.5 x 28.6 cm (6 1/2 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.165, "width": 0.286, "length": 0.162}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295535, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 10, 2017-January 8, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 373312, "title": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea", "description": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 7-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(John Soo Ahrn, Columbus, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131920", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This box is made of small flattened pieces of oxhorn. Since oxhorn is usually rather small, possibly dozens of them were used to fully decorate even a small wooden object like this box.", "description": "This box is colorfully decorated with the technique of oxhorn plating. The oxhorn was cut, soaked in water, boiled, and then pressed into thin translucent sheets. Since oxhorns are usually rather small, dozens of them were required to fully decorate even a small wooden object. This box is colorfully painted with the imagery of auspicious plants and animals such as dragons amid clouds, a white tiger under the pine tree, a grazing deer, and more. This kind of luxurious box was probably produced as a wedding gift.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79497274"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.37-box-with-painted-oxh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ye, Yong-hae. \"Hwagakjang.\" Ye Yong-hae jeonjip. Seoul: Daewonsa, 1997.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/2852677"}, {"citation": "Jeong, Myeong-ho. \"Hangukgongye gwahakgisulbaldalsa: hwagakgongyee daehan yeongureul jungsimeuro [\u97d3\u570b\u5de5\u85dd \u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u767c\u9054\u53f2: \u83ef\u89d2\u5de5\u85dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c].\" Silhaksasang yeongu 15\u201316 (January 2000): 543\u2013612.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01150354"}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 254", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n27/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hong, Sun-ah. \"A Study on Phoenix Pattern of Hwagak Craft from Late Chosun Period to Early 20th Century [\ud654\uac01\uacf5\uc608(\u83ef\u89d2\u5de5\u85dd)\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c : \ud654\uac01\ud568 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c].\" Yeoksaminsokhak 50 (June 2016): 277\u2013309.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.riss.kr/link?id=A101995759"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 227\u2013229, no. 126", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.37/1920.37_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "892", "filesize": "188488", "filename": "1920.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.37/1920.37_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2402", "filesize": "1070093", "filename": "1920.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.37/1920.37_full.tif", "width": "5945", "height": "4200", "filesize": "74931920", "filename": "1920.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:23:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1242", "height": "893", "filesize": "206063"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2445", "filesize": "1252815"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5612", "height": "4037", "filesize": "67993456"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:37:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "975", "height": "893", "filesize": "129946"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3114", "filesize": "1175603"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4714", "height": "4318", "filesize": "61089760"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:39:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "888", "filesize": "205902"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2391", "filesize": "1246717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5746", "height": "4041", "filesize": "69684752"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:41:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "975", "height": "893", "filesize": "137144"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3114", "filesize": "1259902"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4456", "height": "4082", "filesize": "54593440"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:44:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1241", "height": "893", "filesize": "221138"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2447", "filesize": "1389731"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5370", "height": "3865", "filesize": "62290644"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:46:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1196", "height": "893", "filesize": "164253"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2538", "filesize": "1454751"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.37/1920.37_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5672", "height": "4234", "filesize": "72070524"}}], "creditline": "Sundry Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101636, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:12.675000"}, {"id": 161705, "accession_number": "2000.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cleansing Medicinal Herbs in the Stream on a Spring Day (\u6625\u6cc9\u6d17\u85e5\u5716), 1703. Yu Zhiding (Chinese, 1647\u2013c. 1716). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; painting only: 36.2 x 132.5 cm (14 1/4 x 52 3/16 in.); overall in heigh: 38.7 cm (15 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2000.69", "current_location": null, "title": "Cleansing Medicinal Herbs in the Stream on a Spring Day", "title_in_original_language": "\u6625\u6cc9\u6d17\u85e5\u5716", "creation_date": "1703", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1703, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 36.2 x 132.5 cm (14 1/4 x 52 3/16 in.); Overall in heigh: 38.7 cm (15 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.362, "width": 1.325}, "overall in heigh": {"height": 0.387}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Title by Chen Yixi.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "\u59d1\u5c04\u4ed9\u4eba\u51b0\u96ea\u819a\uff0c\u65b0\u8a69\u50b3\u5531\u6eff\u901a\u90fd\u3002/\n\u6975\u77e5\u9072\u66ae\u96e3\u70ba\u5225\uff0c\u66f4\u5c55\u6625\u6cc9\u6d17\u85e5\u5716\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Colophon by Wang Shizhen \u738b\u58eb\u799b (1634\u20131711): \n\nThis Immortal from Mt. Gushe is marked by icy skin of perfection./\nHis new verses are being sung and praised throughout the capital./\nWe feel keenly that, at the approaching dusk, it was hard to part our ways./\nSo let us roll out the painting of Cleansing the Herbs [for all to see].", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "Colophon by Chen Tingjing \u9673\u5ef7\u656c (1639\u20131712). \n\nColophon by Wang Hongxu \u738b\u9d3b\u7dd2 (1645\u20131723), dated 1707. \n\nColophon by Song Luo \u5b8b\u7296 (1634\u20131714). \n\nColophon by Liu Yan \u5289\u5dd7. \n\nColophon by Jing Xikui \u6d87\u897f\u5914. \n\nColophon by Liu Yan \u5289\u5dd7. \n\nColophon by Cao Yin \u66f9\u5bc5. \n\nColophon by Wang Shihong \u6c6a\u58eb\u92d0. \n\nColophon by Wang Shidan \u738b\u5f0f\u4e39 (1645\u20131718), dated 1712. \n\nColophon by Shi Shenyi \u53f2\u7533\u7fa9 (1661\u20131712), dated 1712. \n\nColophon by Yin Yuqing \u6bb7\u9918\u6176, dated 1712.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Shi Shenyi, as owner of the scroll, solicited colophons from his elders and peers between 1703 and 1712. In that final year of his life, Shi himself wrote a set of verses, seemingly in response to the good will and optimism of the previous writers. In part, his colophon reads: \n\nWho would take pity on a lonely man long suffering from illness?/\nWhy was I mistaken as an immortal with bones of jade?", "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "Colophon by Chen Shixia \u9673\u6642\u590f, dated 1729.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The last colophon by Chen Shixia was likely requested by Shi Shenyi's sons years after his death.", "sortorder": 4}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 293212, "title": "Greeting the Spring (Chinese art rotation, galleries 240a, 239, 241c)", "description": "Greeting the Spring (Chinese art rotation, galleries 240a, 239, 241c). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 13, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 538196, "title": "Pacific Standard Time: Growing and Knowing in the Gardens of China", "description": "Pacific Standard Time: Growing and Knowing in the Gardens of China. The Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, CA (organizer) (September 14, 2024-January 6, 2025) https://huntington.org/exhibition/duotiangong-growing-and-knowing-gardens-china.", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 22-April 22, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-01-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Shi Shenyi \u53f2\u7533\u7fa9 [1661\u20131712], Jiangdu \u6c5f\u90fd, Jiangsu province, China, by descent to his family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1703\u201312", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Shi family collection, Jiangdu, Jiangsu province, China,", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1712\u2013late 1700s or early 1800s", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Zhang Yin \u5f35\u5d1f [1761\u20131829], Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Zhang Yin was a painter from Zhenjiang, a city fairly close to the Shi family's hometown of Jiangdu.
Zaobao was a Manchu dignitary. His high-profiled career began with his jinshi degree in 1845 and ended with his role heading the Ministry of Justice in 1876.
Zhou Zhaoxiang, a juren in the last Qing period, was also active in the government of the Republic of China. He was a scholar and poet in addition to excelling in landscape and flower-and-bird paintings. He was eager to educate painters in China and involved himself in cultural exchanges with Japan.
"], "date": "early 1900s\u2013?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Fujii Yurinkan Museum, Kyoto, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(James J. Freeman, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132000", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2000\u2013", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the pavilion are some of Shi Shenyi\u2019s scholarly accoutrements: a stack of books, an antique zun \u5c0a (wine vessel), a brush holder, an ink stone, and a small chime.", "description": "A famous portraitist, Yu Zhiding here depicts the likeness of Shi Shenyi \u53f2\u7533\u7fa9 (1661\u20131712), an official and poet. Master Shi, a sickly man, was deeply interested in medicinal science. 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To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982.", "page_number": "#A22-149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zhou, Zhaoxiang \u5468\u8087\u7965, Zhao Heng \u8d99\u73e9, and Hai Bo \u6d77\u6ce2. Liulichang za ji \u7409\u7483\u5382\u6742\u8bb0. Beijing Shi: Beijing Yan shan chu ban she, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 17\u201318", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d October 6, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4354"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. \"A Qing Dynasty Handscroll.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 41, no. 3 (March 2001): 8\u20139.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-03/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517563, "title": "France in the 18th Century", "description": "France in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 5-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. London, UK (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winter Exhibition 1968: France in the Eighteenth Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 6-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Five Centuries of History Mirrored in Five Centuries of French Art. Pavillon de la France, 1939 New York World's Fair, New York (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 215 textile rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 14, 2010-June 27, 2011); (June 10, 2013-May 22, 2014); (June 27, 2016-November 26, 2018).", "opening_date": "2010-06-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "formed part of original suite of tapestries and furniture made for marriage of Countess Isabella de Merode-Westerloo and Franz Joseph Czernin de Chaudnitz in 1717; remained in the family until 1930 or 1931, when they were sold to a dealer. (A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 129250, "description": "Panel: Spring, c. 1715. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627). Savonnerie knotted-pile (144 symmetrical rug knots per square inch); wool, hemp; overall: 274.3 x 219.7 cm (108 x 86 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund 1952.14", "relationship": "related series"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Courtiers and aristocrats anxious to model their lifestyles on the king also commissioned works from the same state manufactories that produced tapestries, carpets, and upholstery for the French monarchy. Established in the early 1600s, the Savonnerie factory provided both domestic furnishings for the king\u2019s palaces and diplomatic gifts for foreign heads of state. The double coat of arms in this tapestry suggests that it was made for a count and countess who married in 1717. One of a group of four tapestries depicting the seasons, this work depicts the abundant harvest of fall. The Cleveland Museum of Art rotates this tapestry with another from this group. The other two tapestries in the suite can be seen at the Toledo Museum of Art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79902784"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.247-savonnerie-panel-aut"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"A Savonnerie Panel: Autumn.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 1 (January 1947): 7-8, 13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7; Reproduced: p. 10-11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141331"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 291", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n58"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 133", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.247", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.247/1946.247_web.jpg", "width": "634", "height": "893", "filesize": "608588", "filename": "1946.247_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.247/1946.247_print.jpg", "width": "1454", "height": "2048", "filesize": "3108802", "filename": "1946.247_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.247/1946.247_full.tif", "width": "1454", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8936836", "filename": "1946.247_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 124763, "creators": [{"id": 11823, "description": "Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1712, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1717", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:19.826000"}, {"id": 96926, "accession_number": "1916.62", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Primer, 1700s. Italy, 18th century. Carved horn; overall: 11.5 x 9.6 cm (4 1/2 x 3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.62", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Primer", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "carved horn", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 11.5 x 9.6 cm (4 1/2 x 3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.115, "width": 0.096}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber, Boston, #329.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This hunting accessory was carved out of horn.", "description": "A priming flask is used to hold and pour fine gun powder into the priming pan of a gun. Scenes of hunting were a favorite decoration on these accessories.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79480695"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.62-horn-primer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 160, F54; Reproduced: Plate XXXVI, F54", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n234"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.62/1916.62_web.jpg", "width": "818", "height": "900", "filesize": "222962", "filename": "1916.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.62/1916.62_print.jpg", "width": "3091", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1933123", "filename": "1916.62_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.62/1916.62_full.tif", "width": "4601", "height": "5061", "filesize": "69882872", "filename": "1916.62_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-08-13T15:34:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.62/1916.62_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "855", "height": "900", "filesize": "228710"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.62/1916.62_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3231", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2050974"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.62/1916.62_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4790", "height": "5040", "filesize": "72450564"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96926, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:16.462000"}, {"id": 135086, "accession_number": "1958.129", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Bookcases (Biblioth\u00e8ques), c. 1720. Attributed to Charles Cressent (French, 1685\u20131768). Kingwood and rosewood veneers, gilt metal mounts; overall: 247.6 x 132.1 x 57.2 cm (97 1/2 x 52 x 22 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1958.129", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Pair of Bookcases (Biblioth\u00e8ques)", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "kingwood and rosewood veneers, gilt metal mounts", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 247.6 x 132.1 x 57.2 cm (97 1/2 x 52 x 22 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.476, "width": 1.321, "depth": 0.572}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Potocki, Castle Lancut, Poland; (Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Pairs of bookcases such as these would have likely flanked a large fireplace within the library of a grand house.", "description": "One of the obligations of a wealthy existence in the early 1700s was an interest in reading, or at least the impression of developing such an interest. Large bookcases such as these helped in that pursuit as they kept elaborately leather-bound books neatly behind a screen. The broad panels of marquetry and gilt-bronze mounts below suggest that the overall decorative scheme of figures symbolizing Geography and Commerce was perhaps more prominent than the rich intellectual holdings within.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742010"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.129-pair-of-bookcases-bi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \u201cArmoire-Bookcases.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 46, no. 1 (January 1959): 10\u201313.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10-13", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142315"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.129", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.129/1958.129_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "681", "filesize": "", "filename": "1958.129_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.129/1958.129_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2573", "filesize": "", "filename": "1958.129_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.129/1958.129_full.tif", "width": "8255", "height": "6247", "filesize": "", "filename": "1958.129_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-09-19T15:50:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.129/1958.129_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "175749"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.129/1958.129_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2268", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1823202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.129/1958.129_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4167", "height": "6247", "filesize": "78120288"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 135086, "creators": [{"id": 12198, "description": "Charles Cressent (French, 1685\u20131768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1685", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Armoire"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:41.944000"}, {"id": 160941, "accession_number": "1999.213", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Spring, mid-1700s. Doccia Porcelain Factory (Italian), after a design by Massimiliano Soldani (Italian, 1656\u20131740). Porcelain; overall: 40.6 x 55.9 cm (16 x 22 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1999.213", "current_location": "301 Baroque Sculpture Mezzanine", "title": "Spring", "creation_date": "mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Italy, near Florence, mid-18th century"], "technique": "porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40.6 x 55.9 cm (16 x 22 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.406, "width": 0.559}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Rainer Zietz Ltd., sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This relief representing spring includes many creatures: lions, a dog, and an eagle can all be spotted.", "description": "Although most 18th-century European porcelain factories produced three-dimensional works, these were often small figures intended to ornament dinner tables or mantelpieces. The factory at Doccia outside Florence was more ambitious, turning to baroque sculptors of the great local tradition to supply models for works in porcelain. In 1743 the factory purchased from the heirs of the famous Florentine sculptor Massimiliano Soldani (1656-1740) a number of that artist's models. Included were models for a series of reliefs representing the four seasons that were created by Soldani in 1708 for Ferdinando de' Medici. One of the reliefs was Spring, or The Realm of Flora, which was then executed in porcelain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761704"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum of Art Acquires Rare Chinese Paintings, Baroque Porcelain Plaque and Other New Acquisitions Exhibited with Hanging Scrolls,\u201d December 20, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4305"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.213", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.213/1999.213_web.jpg", "width": "1166", "height": "893", "filesize": "599456", "filename": "1999.213_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.213/1999.213_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2604", "filesize": "4438197", "filename": "1999.213_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.213/1999.213_full.tif", "width": "6003", "height": "4598", "filesize": "82841464", "filename": "1999.213_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.213/1999.213_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1210", "height": "893", "filesize": "867554"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.213/1999.213_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1512", "filesize": "2471512"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.213/1999.213_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1512", "filesize": "9292932"}}, {"date_created": "2009-07-10T15:24:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.213/1999.213_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1175", "height": "893", "filesize": "658728"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.213/1999.213_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2584", "filesize": "5844267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.213/1999.213_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6086", "height": "4625", "filesize": "84475984"}}], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160941, "creators": [{"id": 19455, "description": "Doccia Porcelain Factory (Italian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Founded near Florence by Marchese Carlo Ginori, who brought from Vienna in 1737 the painter J.K.W. Anreiter von Zirnfeld and Giorgio delle Torri, both of whom had worked at the Du Paquier Vienna Porcelain Factory and knew the formula for porcelain.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 5746, "description": "Massimiliano Soldani (Italian, 1656\u20131740)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1656", "death_year": "1740", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:33.011000"}, {"id": 165168, "accession_number": "2007.164", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Parade Halberd (from the bodyguard of Ludwig Rudolf, Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenb\u00fcttel [1671-1735]), 1717. Germany, 18th century. Blued, etched and gilded steel, wooden haft with orginal steel base spike, silk tassel with alternating blue and gold bands; overall: 276.9 cm (109 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Alma Kroeger Fund, 2007.164", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Parade Halberd (from the bodyguard of Ludwig Rudolf, Duke of Brunswick- Wolfenb\u00fcttel [1671-1735])", "creation_date": "1717", "creation_date_earliest": 1717, "creation_date_latest": 1717, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "blued, etched and gilded steel, wooden haft with orginal steel base spike, silk tassel with alternating blue and gold bands", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 276.9 cm (109 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 2.769}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "'LR'; 1717", "inscription_translation": "Ludwig Rudolf", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Coat of Arms Brunswick-Wofenb\u00fcttel", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Historic Collections of the Dukes of Brunswick successively at Schloss Blankenburg and Schloss Marienburg", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Peter Finer, London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2007", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2007-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A halberd is a mix between a battle ax and a spear.", "description": "The halberd and partisan are hafted weapons highly favored by European infantries of the 1500s and 1600s for their great versatility and deadly effect. 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John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in a gold and seed pearl frame; framed: 7.1 x 5.5 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 6.2 x 4.5 cm (2 7/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1943.651", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "1789", "creation_date_earliest": 1789, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold and seed pearl frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.1 x 5.5 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 6.2 x 4.5 cm (2 7/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.071, "width": 0.055}, "unframed": {"height": 0.062, "width": 0.045}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed left: J S / 1789 / I [The initial I indicates a miniature painted in India, where Smart worked between 1785 and 1795.]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335553, "title": "John Smart - Miniaturist", "description": "John Smart - Miniaturist. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 9-31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "International Exhibition of Miniatures, Albertina, Vienna, (1924).", "opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert Wortmann (1869-1928), Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1924", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof, Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature is housed in its original gold frame set with real half pearls.", "description": "This unknown sitter has remarkably light blue eyes, a ruddy complexion, and powdered hair worn en queue. He wears a brown coat with a white cravat and waistcoat. The background is muddy brown. The miniature is housed in its original gold frame, which is set with genuine half pearls. This man was painted in 1789 when John Smart was working in Madras, India. He is probably a Madras civil servant or merchant. This work is typical of Smart\u2019s portraits of nonmilitary gentlemen living in India. Two other miniatures also painted by Smart in India in 1789 show striking similarities: Portrait of the Hon. Basil Cochrane and Portrait of Benjamin Torin. Like the CMA sitter, both of these gentlemen are dressed in dark coats with brass buttons, nearly identical cravats, and waistcoats. They wear their hair en queue, and a dusting of powder is visible on their wide coat collars. In each portrait the sheen of the skin, particularly on the nose, cheeks, and temples, suggests perspiration, a quality thrown into greater relief by the dull brown backgrounds. Although all three men wear a pleasant facial expression and are styled nearly identically, their facial features are highly distinctive and bear testimony to Smart\u2019s capacity to capture a sitter\u2019s likeness even when his production was in many ways systematized.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900610"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.651-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "International Exhibition of Miniatures, Albertina, Vienna, (1924).", "page_number": "cat. no. 833", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, no. 35, pl. X", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n57"}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"The Edward B. Greene Collection on Miniatures.\" The Connoisseur 128 (October 1951): 138-140.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smart, John, and Rose E. Taggart. John Smart - Miniaturist, 1741/42-1811: Starr Collection of Consecutively Dated Miniatures and Special Loan Exhibition : William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, Decmeber 9, 1965 to January 2, 1966. Kansas City, Mo: The Gallery, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 31-, pp. 148149", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.651", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.651/1943.651_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "94729", "filename": "1943.651_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.651/1943.651_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "954112", "filename": "1943.651_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.651/1943.651_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022024", "filename": "1943.651_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-03T21:04:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "633", "height": "893", "filesize": "365446"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2409", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4148862"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3468", "height": "4894", "filesize": "50950056"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T15:22:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "418401"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2736", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5311222"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3534", "height": "4392", "filesize": "46593760"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-11T19:53:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "88372"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "922898"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.651/1943.651_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023224"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123421, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1789, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1789", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:01.816000"}, {"id": 150464, "accession_number": "1981.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar with Four Auspicious Characters in Relief (\ubc31\uc790 \uc591\uac01 \uc8fc\ub984\u00b7\ubb38\uc790\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u967d\u523b\u5e36\u6587\u5b57\u6587\u58fa]), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Glazed porcelain; outer diameter: 22.1 cm (8 11/16 in.); height: 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1981.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Jar with Four Auspicious Characters in Relief", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uc591\uac01 \uc8fc\ub984\u00b7\ubb38\uc790\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u967d\u523b\u5e36\u6587\u5b57\u6587\u58fa]", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "glazed porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Outer diameter: 22.1 cm (8 11/16 in.); height: 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.116}, "height": {"height": 0.194}, "outer diameter": {"width": 0.221}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.117}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "longevity \u58fd, happiness \u798f, health \u5eb7, and peace \u5be7", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "The Year in Review for 1981. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 230955, "title": "Korean Art from the United States", "description": "Korean Art from the United States. National Museum of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (June 4-August 5, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 337978, "title": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 24, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-07-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kochukyo Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131981", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This type of jar with auspicious characters was often used as a birthday or wedding gift.", "description": "This white porcelain vase is decorated with four Chinese characters symbolizing auspicious (hopeful) wishes\u2014longevity, good fortune, health, and peace\u2014each within a floral medallion. Such jars were often presented as birthday or wedding gifts, conveying the giver\u2019s blessings for a long and harmonious life.
This object was purchased in 1981 from Kochukyo (\u58fa\u4e2d\u5c45), an antique gallery founded in 1924 in Tokyo, Japan. Many important Korean works remain in Japanese private collections, after being taken there during the Japanese colonial period (1910\u201345). Consequently, Japanese antique galleries continue to handle Korean antiquities, serving as significant channels for their circulation today.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932937"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.3-jar-with-four-auspic"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 139, no. 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1981.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 69, no. 2 (February 1982): 39\u201382.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76; Mentioned: p. 83, no. 137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159758"}, {"citation": "Bang, Byung-sun. \"The Technology of Porcelain Manufacturing in the late Chos\u014fn Dynasty [\u671d\u9bae \u5f8c\u671f \u767d\u78c1\uc758 \u88fd\u4f5c\u6280\u8853 \u784f\u7a76].\" Misul sahak yeongu (1997): 67\u2013104.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00995382"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. History of Korean Ceramics [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Soo-mi and Park Hyewon, eds. Korean Art from the United States [\ubbf8\uad6d, \ud55c\uad6d\ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\ub2e4]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 73, p. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 90", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "798", "filesize": "112436", "filename": "1981.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3014", "filesize": "1078797", "filename": "1981.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_full.tif", "width": "11729", "height": "10399", "filesize": "365936996", "filename": "1981.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-24T14:47:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.3/1981.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1006", "height": "893", "filesize": "70240"}, "print": {"url": 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"date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The porcelain vessel showed dark staining in areas around the lower half that partially obscured the characters on the four sides. The surface of the jar was first cleaned using cotton swabs and a chelating solution with a tailored pH level to safely remove grime along the edges and crevices. This solution was also used to treat the staining. First, conservators placed a poultice of cellulose fiber on the porcelain and saturated the material with the solution. The jar was then wrapped and left overnight so that the cleaning agent could reduce the stains between the cracks in the glaze. The surface was then thoroughly cleaned with deionized water. Finally, a tailored bleaching solution was applied in a similar poultice to reduce the remaining discoloration.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:38.564000"}, {"id": 152412, "accession_number": "1985.250", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mountain View and Blue Water, early 1800s. Tanomura Chikuden (Japanese, 1777\u20131835). Hanging scroll; ink, color, and gold on paper; painting: 174.9 x 46.8 cm (68 7/8 x 18 7/16 in.); mounted: 217.5 x 61.5 cm (85 5/8 x 24 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith, 1985.250", "current_location": null, "title": "Mountain View and Blue Water", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1835, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 174.9 x 46.8 cm (68 7/8 x 18 7/16 in.); Mounted: 217.5 x 61.5 cm (85 5/8 x 24 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 1.749, "width": 0.468}, "mounted": {"height": 2.175, "width": 0.615}, "mounted with knobs": {"height": 2.175, "width": 0.708}, "knob diam": {"depth": 0.031}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310240, "title": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection", "description": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14-November 13, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448212, "title": "Colors of Kyoto: The Seif\u016b Yohei Ceramic Studio", "description": "Colors of Kyoto: The Seif\u016b Yohei Ceramic Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 19, 2023-March 10, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-08-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Nihon no Bunjinga. Kobe Sannomiya Department Store, Kobe, Japan (March 5\u201317, \u000f1971).", "opening_date": "1971-03-05T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Shogoro Yabumoto, Amagasaki, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, Japan, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Kelvin Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, Cleveland, OH, given by Mrs. Kelvin [Eleanor Armstrong] Smith [1899\u20131998] to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u20131985", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["536.1979"], "did_you_know": "The mountain shapes are built up with multiple small wet strokes.", "description": "Tanomura Chikuden was an eminent painter whose adopted son, Tanomura Chokuny\u016b (1814\u20131907), was Seif\u016b Yohei III\u2019s painting teacher. This work was displayed at a gathering commemorating the 10th anniversary of Chokuny\u016b\u2019s death, something we know only because its custom-made box and archival documents have been carefully kept together. The box inscription also confirms that Chikuden was emulating the style of the Mi family of painters, active during China\u2019s Southern Song dynasty (1127\u20131279). The painting\u2019s Chinese-style silk wrapper is inscribed and sealed on its interior by members of Chokuny\u016b\u2019s community.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475508"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.250-landscape-with-boate", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.250-mountain-view-and-bl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kokka \u570b\u83ef plates, JPVII, (1918) vol. 28. pl. 7. no. 332.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Okada Saburo\u0304suke \u5ca1\u7530\u4e09\u90ce\u52a9, Rinpu\u0304 Sasagawa \u7b39\u5ddd\u81e8\u98a8, and Yoneame Iizuka \u98ef\u585a\u7c73\u96e8,. Nihonga taisei \u65e5\u672c\u756b\u5927\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304ho\u0304 Shoin \u6771\u65b9\u66f8\u9662, 1931\u201334.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 11, pt. 3, pl. 104", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nanga Meisaku-Ten: Nippon No Bunjinga \u5357\u753b\u540d\u4f5c\u5c55\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6587\u4eba\u753b. Tokyo: Nippon keizai shim-bun, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nippon Bijutsu Kaiga Zenshu [Complete Collection of Japanese Paintings]. vol. 21. Tokyo: Shueisha, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cChecklist of the Kelvin Smith Bequest.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 292\u2013295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 294", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160040"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cA. Kelvin Smith (1899-1984): Collector.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 240\u2013243.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 241", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160037"}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 101", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.250", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.250/1985.250_web.jpg", "width": "250", "height": "900", "filesize": "99898", "filename": "1985.250_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.250/1985.250_print.jpg", "width": "945", "height": "3400", "filesize": "968220", "filename": "1985.250_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.250/1985.250_full.tif", "width": "2186", "height": "7863", "filesize": "51594728", "filename": "1985.250_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.250/1985.250_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "240", "height": "893", "filesize": "66146"}, "print": {"url": 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"gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152412, "creators": [{"id": 35561, "description": "Tanomura Chikuden (Japanese, 1777\u20131835)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u7530\u80fd\u6751 \u7af9\u7530", "birth_year": "1777", "death_year": "1835", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape with Boater"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:19.497000"}, {"id": 286213, "accession_number": "2016.57", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Male figure, probably 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Benue River Valley, Unidentified maker. Copper alloy; height: 44.7 x 22.7 x 9.6 cm (17 5/8 x 8 15/16 x 3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2016.57", "current_location": null, "title": "Male figure", "creation_date": "probably 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1968, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Benue River Valley, Unidentified maker"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "height: 44.7 x 22.7 x 9.6 cm (17 5/8 x 8 15/16 x 3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"height": {"height": 0.447, "width": 0.227, "depth": 0.096}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "The Language of Beauty in African Art. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Art of Metal in Africa. African-American Institute, New York, NY (October 7, 1982-January 5, 1983); The Institute for the Arts, Rice University, Houston, TX (February 3-April 10, 1983); Charles W. Bowers Museum, Santa Ana, CA (June 18-September 5, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Africa: The Art of a Continent. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (October 4, 1995-January 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Central Nigeria Unmasked: Arts of the Benue River Valley. Fowler Museum at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (February 13-July 24, 2011); National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC (September 14, 2011-February 12, 2012); Cantor Arts Center at Stanford University, Stanford, CA (May 16-September 2, 2012); Musee du Quai Branly, Paris, FR (November 12, 2012-January 27, 2013).", "opening_date": "2011-02-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Acquired by Helene Kamer (now Leloup) in Nigeria (Biafra) in 1968 or 1969", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-1993", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Helene and Philippe Leloup, New York, NY, sold to a private collector", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1993-2016", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private collector, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1993-2016", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2016-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Figurative copper-alloy objects like this sculpture point to intense trade and the circulation of people, goods, and technologies in the Benue River Valley, resulting in a highly cosmopolitan society.", "description": "Realized in a very distinctive style using the lost-wax method, this figure\u2019s cultural origin and function is limited because it was removed from Nigeria during that country\u2019s turbulent civil war of the late 1960s. Perhaps it was once part of an altar or shrine dedicated to a guardian or tutelary spirit. Connotations of prestige and wealth may explain why copper-alloy objects were diffused across vast territory and inherited over many generations.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79876261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2016.57-male-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Brincard, Marie-The\u0301re\u0300se, and Evelyn Fischel. The Art of Metal in Africa: New York, N.Y.: African-American Institute, 1982.", "page_number": "cat. no. H5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Phillips, Tom. Africa: The Art of a Continent. Munich: Prestel, 1995.", "page_number": "cat. no. 5.31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grunne, Bernard de. \"A Missing Link?: Notes on an Early Proto-Jukun Seated Terracotta Figure\". Tribal: the Magazine of Tribal Art. 10 (2) no. 39 (Autumn-Winter 2005): 130-131.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berns, Marla, Richard Fardon, Sidney Littlefield Kasfir, and Jo\u0308rg Adelberger. Central Nigeria Unmasked: Arts of the Benue River Valley. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum at UCLA, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 6.20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berns, Marla C, and Richard Fardon. \u201cCentral Nigeria Unmasked: Arts of the Benue River Valley.\u201d African Arts 44, no. 3 (Autumn 2011): 16\u201337.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2016: African Art.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 17; Mentioned: P. 7, 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. The language of beauty in African art. 2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2016.57", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.57/2016.57_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "2016.57_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.57/2016.57_print.jpg", "width": "2300", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "2016.57_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.57/2016.57_full.tif", "width": "5277", "height": "7800", "filesize": "", "filename": "2016.57_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-09-02T13:10:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2398", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5643", "height": "8000", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2016-09-02T13:42:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "575", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2171", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5109", "height": "8000", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2016-09-02T14:19:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2100", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4940", "height": "8000", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2016-09-02T14:36:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "542", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4818", "height": "8000", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2016-09-02T14:27:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2313", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5331", "height": "7835", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2016-09-02T14:45:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "670", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2532", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.57/2016.57_alt5_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "5958", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 286213, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2016-09-06T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:37.860000"}, {"id": 135333, "accession_number": "1958.337", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bamboo and Rocks in Clearing Skies (\u7af9\u5dcc\u65b0\u973d\u56f3), mid-1700s. Ike Taiga (Japanese, 1723\u20131776). Two-panel folding screen; ink on paper; image: 163.2 x 182.6 cm (64 1/4 x 71 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1958.337", "current_location": null, "title": "Bamboo and Rocks in Clearing Skies", "title_in_original_language": "\u7af9\u5dcc\u65b0\u973d\u56f3", "creation_date": "mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1776, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Two-panel folding screen; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 163.2 x 182.6 cm (64 1/4 x 71 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.632, "width": 1.826}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, titled, and sealed by the artist on the top of the left panel. Set of two seals appears once on each panel: after the signature on the left panel and lower left on the right panel. The first of the two square seals reads \"ike no mumei,\" the second reads \"sangaku doja.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Tanaka Jiiozaemon, Tsu City, Ise Prefecture, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Adolph Loewi [1888\u20131977], Los Angeles, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ike Taiga ranks among the most creative painters of the Edo period: he produced over 1,000 compositions in various formats.", "description": "The title written on this screen corresponds to one on a design in Taiga\u2019s Brush Methods (\u5927\u96c5\u5802\u753b\u6cd5). The concept conveyed is one of scenery and spirit refreshed by precipitation. In the screen, a rain-filled stream rushes from the mountains into a river. A village is nestled amid giant bamboo in the distance. A platform-like flat rock in the foreground invites us to step into the scene.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465123"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.337-bamboo-in-fine-weath"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 284", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n308"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 284", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n308"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 384", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n404"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 21, pp. 48\u201349", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.337", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.337/1958.337_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "808", "filesize": "211740", "filename": "1958.337_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.337/1958.337_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3051", "filesize": "2018206", "filename": "1958.337_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.337/1958.337_full.tif", "width": "6316", "height": "5667", "filesize": "107409720", "filename": "1958.337_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "999", "height": "893", "filesize": "669391"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1719", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2037763"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1719", "height": "1536", "filesize": "7924404"}}, {"date_created": "2015-08-18T15:14:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "900", "filesize": "135791"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1565740"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4025", "height": "5118", "filesize": "61828372"}}, {"date_created": "2015-08-18T15:33:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "900", "filesize": "154071"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2665", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1713297"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.337/1958.337_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2834", "height": "3616", "filesize": "30771112"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135333, "creators": [{"id": 7625, "description": "Ike Taiga (Japanese, 1723\u20131776)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6c60\u5927\u96c5", "birth_year": "1723", "death_year": "1776", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bamboo Cliffs After Rain", "Bamboo in Fine Weather after Rain"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-02 18:46:32.867000"}, {"id": 145427, "accession_number": "1970.77", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Farmer Returning Home in Autumn (\u79cb\u666f\u8272\u5e30\u8fb2\u592b\u56f3), 1781. Yosa Buson (Japanese, 1716\u20131783). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on silk; overall: 203.2 x 59.2 cm (80 x 23 5/16 in.); painting only: 130.8 x 46.2 cm (51 1/2 x 18 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.77", "current_location": null, "title": "Farmer Returning Home in Autumn", "title_in_original_language": "\u79cb\u666f\u8272\u5e30\u8fb2\u592b\u56f3", "creation_date": "1781", "creation_date_earliest": 1781, "creation_date_latest": 1781, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 203.2 x 59.2 cm (80 x 23 5/16 in.); Painting only: 130.8 x 46.2 cm (51 1/2 x 18 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.032, "width": 0.592}, "painting only": {"height": 1.308, "width": 0.462}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. 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Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Six-panel folding screen, ink on paper; image: 150 x 356 cm (59 1/16 x 140 3/16 in.); overall: 170 x 376 cm (66 15/16 x 148 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of N. V. Hammer, 1968.267", "current_location": null, "title": "Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1710, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Six-panel folding screen, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 150 x 356 cm (59 1/16 x 140 3/16 in.); Overall: 170 x 376 cm (66 15/16 x 148 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.5, "width": 3.56}, "overall": {"height": 1.7, "width": 3.76}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. 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Hammer, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 136419, "description": "Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, 1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Six-panel folding screen; ink on paper; image: 150 x 356 cm (59 1/16 x 140 3/16 in.); overall: 170 x 376 cm (66 15/16 x 148 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee, 1960.284", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This screen forms a pair with CMA 1960.284.", "description": "Watanabe Shiko, an Edo period painter who combined Kano school style with Rimpa style, re-created the Xiao and the Xiang rivers on a pair of eight-panel screens. 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V. Hammer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143879, "creators": [{"id": 6037, "description": "Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e21\u8fba \u59cb\u8208", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1710, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:31.955000"}, {"id": 153727, "accession_number": "1987.35", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Oath of the Peach Garden, from Romance of the Three Kingdoms (\u300e\u4e09\u56fd\u5fd7\u6f14\u7fa9\u300f\u6843\u5712\u7d50\u7fa9\u56f3), c. 1780. Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752\u20131811). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; image: 28.2 x 25.2 cm (11 1/8 x 9 15/16 in.); including mounting: 114.3 x 44.2 cm (45 x 17 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1987.35", "current_location": null, "title": "Oath of the Peach Garden, from Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "title_in_original_language": "\u300e\u4e09\u56fd\u5fd7\u6f14\u7fa9\u300f\u6843\u5712\u7d50\u7fa9\u56f3", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 28.2 x 25.2 cm (11 1/8 x 9 15/16 in.); Including mounting: 114.3 x 44.2 cm (45 x 17 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.282, "width": 0.252}, "including mounting": {"height": 1.143, "width": 0.442}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's signature and seal at upper right", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. 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Luis Mel\u00e9ndez (Spanish, 1716\u20131780). Oil on canvas; framed: 54 x 67 x 5 cm (21 1/4 x 26 3/8 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 34 x 48 cm (13 3/8 x 18 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1983.97", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Still Life with Fish, Bread, and Kettle", "creation_date": "c. 1772", "creation_date_earliest": 1767, "creation_date_latest": 1777, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 54 x 67 x 5 cm (21 1/4 x 26 3/8 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 34 x 48 cm (13 3/8 x 18 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.54, "width": 0.67, "depth": 0.05}, "unframed": {"height": 0.34, "width": 0.48}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"L.M.[z]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 229670, "title": "El Alma de Espa\u00f1a (The Soul of Spain)", "description": "El Alma de Espa\u00f1a (The Soul of Spain). The Albuquerque Museum, Albuquerque, NM (organizer) (April 25-July 31, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177256, "title": "Luis Mel\u00e9ndez", "description": "Luis Mel\u00e9ndez. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (May 17-August 27, 2009); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (September 27, 2009-January 3, 2010); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (February 2-May 9, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-05-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1984: \"Year in Review 1983,\" no. 18.", "opening_date": "1983-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Meadows Museum and Gallery, Souther Methodist University ( March 22- May 19th 1985), North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh NC (January 12-March 10, 1985), National Academy of Design, New York (May 30- May 19th, 1985) \"Luis Melendez: Spanish Still-Life Painter of the Eighteenth Century.\"", "opening_date": "1985-01-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Albuquerque Museum (4/25/2005 - 7/31/2005): \"El Alma de Espa\u00f1a (The Soul of Spain)\" ex. cat. no. 84, p. 262-263.", "opening_date": "2005-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "National Gallery of Art, Washinton DC (5/17/2009 - 8/23/2009), Los Angeles County Museum of Art, CA (9/27/2009 - 1/23/2010), and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (2/2/2010 - 5/9/2010): \"Lu\u00eds Mel\u00e9ndez\" ex. cat. no.26, p.144-147.", "opening_date": "2009-05-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marqu\u00e9s de Casa Torres, Conde de Saltes, Madrid (1913); (E. Speelman, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1760s, after painting portraits and portrait miniatures with his father, Mel\u00e9ndez began to specialize in still lifes. Active mainly in Madrid, he is regarded as the finest Spanish still-life painter of the 18th century, but he spent much of his life in poverty.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475269"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.97-still-life-with-fish"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cYear in Review for 1983.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 2 (February 1984): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, no. 18; Reproduced: p. 54", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.97", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.97/1983.97_web.jpg", "width": "1247", "height": "893", "filesize": "754669", "filename": "1983.97_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.97/1983.97_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2434", "filesize": "5397686", "filename": "1983.97_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.97/1983.97_full.tif", "width": "5102", "height": "3653", "filesize": "55950560", "filename": "1983.97_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-02-06T19:57:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.97/1983.97_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1106", "height": "893", "filesize": "194781"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.97/1983.97_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2744", "filesize": "1875489"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.97/1983.97_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5828", "height": "4704", "filesize": "82268972"}}, {"date_created": "2012-02-06T19:31:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.97/1983.97_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1124", "height": "893", "filesize": "178214"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.97/1983.97_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2701", "filesize": "1524259"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.97/1983.97_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6159", "height": "4893", "filesize": "90440088"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 151555, "creators": [{"id": 2397, "description": "Luis Mel\u00e9ndez (Spanish, 1716\u20131780)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1716", "death_year": "1780", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-06-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1767, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1772", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:07.809000"}, {"id": 127234, "accession_number": "1949.550", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of General Sir Charles Grey, later 1st Earl Grey, 1794. Henry Bone (British, 1755\u20131834). Enamel in a gilt metal frame; framed: 9.6 x 8 cm (3 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); sight: 8.9 x 7.3 cm (3 1/2 x 2 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1949.550", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of General Sir Charles Grey, later 1st Earl Grey", "creation_date": "1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "enamel in a gilt metal frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9.6 x 8 cm (3 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); Sight: 8.9 x 7.3 cm (3 1/2 x 2 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.096, "width": 0.08}, "sight": {"height": 0.089, "width": 0.073}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right: HBone [HB in monogram]; engraved on back: Sir Chas. Grey K.B. / Henry Bone pinxt Aug.st 1794.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23, 2013 - May 20, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-07-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Exhibition of the Royal Academy, The Royal Academy of Art, London (1795).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sale: Christie's London, March 1933 (exact date unknown)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1933", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1933-1949", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Henry Bone was a master enameler from Cornwall who began his training in a porcelain factory.", "description": "Unlike fragile portrait miniatures painted in watercolor on vellum or ivory, which are prone to cracking, fading, and flaking, enamels are resilient, impervious to the effects of light, and retain their striking original colors over time. Partly for this reason enamel was considered ideal for reproducing famous paintings and treasured portraits in a reduced and luminous form. The complicated and labor-intensive process of enameling required the artist to fire numerous layers of colored metal oxide at different temperatures. This process made it difficult to produce a faithful portrait likeness, though masters of the medium were able create portraits of remarkable subtlety imbued with the sitter's personality. Henry Bone ushered in an enamel renaissance during the late 1700s with his miniatures, which include sensitive and elegant works like this portrait of General Sir Charles Grey, after a portrait by his contemporary Thomas Lawrence. An innovator of new techniques, Bone retained the brilliance and purity of colors in layered glass enamel while achieving fine, naturalistic details by using overglazes for the faces.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79907095"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.550-portrait-of-general"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts annual exhibition. The Exhibition of the Royal Academy, 1795: The Twenty-Seventh. London: Printed by Jospeh Cooper, 1795.", "page_number": "no. 509", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "p. 25, no. 1, pl. XXIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n69"}, {"citation": "Lawrence, Thomas, and Kenneth Garlick. Sir Thomas Lawrence: A Complete Catalogue of the Oil Paintings. Oxford: Published with the assistance of the Getty Grant Program [by] Phaidon, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 199, no. 352", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 59, pp. 232-235", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Panes, Nicholas. Henry Bone R.A. (1755-1834): The Kings\u2019 Enameller. [Place of publication not identified]: Nicholas Panes, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, fig. 24", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.550", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.550/1949.550_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "68090", "filename": "1949.550_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.550/1949.550_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "827104", "filename": "1949.550_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.550/1949.550_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022080", "filename": "1949.550_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-02T17:53:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "651", "height": "893", "filesize": "385593"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2479", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4784414"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4080", "height": "5596", "filesize": "68527608"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T12:55:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "893", "filesize": "432447"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2710", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5728128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3218", "height": "4038", "filesize": "39013136"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T16:03:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "746", "height": "893", "filesize": "500811"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2841", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7054840"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4569", "height": "5468", "filesize": "74978492"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T16:08:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "474675"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2815", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6334960"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4620", "height": "5579", "filesize": "77354212"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-25T18:50:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "86123"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1016972"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.550/1949.550_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022088"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127234, "creators": [{"id": 4736, "description": "Henry Bone (British, 1755\u20131834)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1755", "death_year": "1834", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-11-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:33.335000"}, {"id": 144690, "accession_number": "1969.32", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Carved Lacquer Scroll Box (\u96d5\u9f8d\u6f06\u5323), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Red carved lacquer on wood; overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.32", "current_location": null, "title": "Carved Lacquer Scroll Box", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d5\u9f8d\u6f06\u5323", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Red carved lacquer on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.14, "width": 0.147, "depth": 0.59}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5fc3\u5beb\u6cbb\u5e73", "inscription_translation": "In his heart is envisioned a peaceful reign.", "inscription_remark": "The inscription on the lacquer box lid expresses the Qianlong Emperor's ambition for his reign.\nAn alternate translation is \"Mind Picture of a Well-Governed and Tranquil Reign.\"", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing imperial collection (Emperor Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795), Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1736", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, France. December 17\u201318, 1928 sale. Lot 329)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 17\u201318, 1928", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 144689, "description": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts (\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377), 1736\u201370s. Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766), and others (Chinese). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.31", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the original box for the handscroll Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts, CMA 1969.31.", "description": "The elaborate design, superior craftsmanship, and inscription carved into the red cinnabar lacquer proclaim the imperial pedigree of this scroll box. On either end is a five-clawed dragon, a design reserved only for an emperor. More dragons twist and wind through swirling clouds and waves along the length of the box\u2019s sides and top. The carving is intricate and vigorous, while the design is controlled and regular.
This box housed the private portraits of the Qianlong Emperor, his empress, and 11 other favorites among his presumed 40 or more wives during his 60-year reign. It was commissioned to be made in Suzhou when no more portraits were added to the scroll. An entry in the imperial workshop records relates to the Cleveland box. It states that in 1787, a box design with a dragon pattern, including the inscription, In his heart is envisioned a peaceful reign, was sent to a Suzhou workshop.
Imperial portraits were collected in the Chonghua Palace in the Forbidden City, and the emperor\u2019s portrait was kept in this red lacquer box from Suzhou.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922203"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.32-carved-lacquer-scrol"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "I\u00b0 Collection de M. J. Poberejsky (Premi\u00e8re Vente), Importante Suite de Pierres Dures de La Chine ..., II\u00b0 Appartenant \u00c0 Divers Amateurs, C\u00e9ramique de La Chine, Laques de P\u00e9kin, Sculptures Cambodgiennes et Siamoises, Importants Brule-Parfums et Paravent En \u00c9maux Cloisonn\u00e9s ..., Belle Suite de Peintures Provenant Du Palais Imp\u00e9rial (XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle) ... 17 and 18 December 1928 sale. Ho\u0302tel Drouot, Paris, France.", "page_number": "Mentioned; lot no. 329, p. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 57, no. 1, 1970, pp. 2\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51, no. 234", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1969.\u201d Archives of Asian Art, vol. 24, 1970, pp. 86\u2013117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111025"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 8 (October 1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 36, p. 322", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 367, no. 201", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.32", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32/1969.32_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "626", "filesize": "194424", "filename": "1969.32_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32/1969.32_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2365", "filesize": "1431950", "filename": "1969.32_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32/1969.32_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "9882", "filesize": "421119376", "filename": "1969.32_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-02-15T13:33:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32/1969.32_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "129866"}, "print": {"url": 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144690, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:37.502000"}, {"id": 168810, "accession_number": "2010.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man Holding a Glass, c. 1780s. Joseph Daniel (British, c. 1760\u20131803). Watercolor on ivory; image: 12.7 x 10.1 cm (5 x 4 in.); framed: 18.4 x 15.8 cm (7 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.5", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man Holding a Glass", "creation_date": "c. 1780s", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, late 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Image: 12.7 x 10.1 cm (5 x 4 in.); Framed: 18.4 x 15.8 cm (7 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.127, "width": 0.101}, "framed": {"height": 0.184, "width": 0.158}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pickpocketing the Rich: Portrait Painting in Bath 1720-1800, The Holburne Museum of Art, Bath, (25 June-15 September 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-06-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 22, 2010 - January 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portrait Miniatures from the Merchiston Collection, Scottish National Portrait Gallery, (23 September\u201311 December 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Merchiston Collection, purchased by Mrs. Eleanor Hamilton (n\u00e9e Strachan, b. 1933,\nScotland) from an unknown source", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972 ", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sale: \"The Merchiston Collection Sale\", Bonhams, Knightsbridge, November 25, 2009, lot 25", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 25, 2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While some highly successful artists were able to support themselves by working only in miniature, it was more common for them to work in a variety of media like Joseph Daniel who was a miniature painter, engraver, and jeweler who also executed pictures in oil, crayon, and hairwork.", "description": "Joseph Daniel was the son Nochaniah Daniel of Bridgewater, Somerset, and among the first known Jewish artists of South West England. Joseph\u2019s work has often been confused with that of his brother Abraham, with whom he competed for patronage. Neither commonly used his forename in signature nor in advertisement, possibly with a view to capitalize on the other\u2019s clientele. Little is known about the brothers\u2019 education apart from the fact that they were trained by their mother. Joseph seldom exhibited his miniatures in public. Only in recent years has there been an increased confidence in distinguishing his works from those of Abraham, resulting from the discovery of a handful of miniatures signed with first initials. The primary distinction between their styles is usually cited as Joseph\u2019s greater attention to detail and his use of gray tones in shading. This outstanding miniature dating from the 1780s is unsigned, as was typical of Daniel\u2019s practice. The sitter is conventionally dressed, wearing a powdered wig and a cream-colored cravat and waistcoat under a dark brown frock coat against which the delicacy of the translucent frilled cuffs is especially pronounced. There is evidence on the painted surface that Daniel adjusted the position of the index finger on the man\u2019s left hand as well as the rightmost curls of his wig. The background is a mottled rusty brown, spot lit to pale brown in the center. The pallor of the sitter\u2019s face, framed by gray hair and a blanched background, reinforces the intensity of his dark eyes, which confront the viewer directly. The face is sensitively described with broad gray shadows. Daniel\u2019s attention to detail is evident in the reflection of the window in the curved glass of the goblet. The goblet, while acting as a central element in the picture, is not a refined object; instead, it is a heavy, plain vessel significant for its contents: water from Bath\u2019s natural hot springs. This type of virtuoso portrait may have been displayed in the artist\u2019s studio to attract clients and refers to the spa culture of Bath, a critical site for social maneuvering in eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century England.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80075261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.5-portrait-of-a-man-ho"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. Collecting Miniatures. Woodbridge, Eng: Antique Collectors' Club, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254, pl. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. Miniatures: Dictionary and Guide. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 254, Reproduced: pl. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Legouix, Susan, and Trevor Fawcett. Pickpocketing the Rich: Portrait Painting in Bath, 1720-1800. Bath: Holburne Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 67, Reproduced p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lloyd, Stephen. Portrait Miniatures from the Merchiston Collection. Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 25, p. 34-35, 63, Reproduced: pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40, 86, Reproduced: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 27, pp. 133-137", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.5/2010.5_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "893", "filesize": "115553", "filename": "2010.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.5/2010.5_print.jpg", "width": "2746", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1419888", "filename": "2010.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.5/2010.5_full.tif", "width": "5808", "height": "7189", "filesize": "125283348", "filename": "2010.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-05-10T17:13:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "557467"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2897", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8733346"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4559", "height": "5350", "filesize": "73202816"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-10T17:31:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "893", "filesize": "533312"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2873", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9389261"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4387", "height": "5191", "filesize": "68348580"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-20T18:24:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84196"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1046415"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.5/2010.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144024036"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168810, "creators": [{"id": 59025, "description": "Joseph Daniel (British, c. 1760\u20131803)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1760", "death_year": "1803", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:50.341000"}, {"id": 129804, "accession_number": "1952.235.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Angels Appearing to Abraham, 1750s. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 71 x 90.5 x 7 cm (27 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1952.235.3", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "The Angels Appearing to Abraham", "creation_date": "1750s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 71 x 90.5 x 7 cm (27 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.71, "width": 0.905, "depth": 0.07}, "unframed": {"height": 0.565, "width": 0.755}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 228379, "title": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art", "description": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Oklahoma City Museum of Art (9/9/2010 - 1/2/2011): \"The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art\", cat. no. 6, p. 54.", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Federigo Giovanelli, Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
In 1934, Rodolfo Pallucchini mentions a Guardi painting depicting the \u201cSacrifice of Abraham\u201d as possibly appearing in the 1731 will of Count Giovanni Benedetto Giovanelli. In 1964, Terisio Pignatti argued that several Guardi copies (the Cleveland paintings are all copies after paintings by other artists) listed in the 1800 inventory attached to the will of Federigo Giovanelli could be the same ones recorded in the 1731 will as executed by the \u201cFratelli Guardi.\u201d However, there are two problems with this suggestion: First, the Cleveland Guardi pictures are dated to the 1750s \u2013 twenty years after the 1731 will. Second, Alice Binion notes that the Guardi copies recorded in 1731 did not remain in the possession of the Guardi family, but rather were bequeathed to a certain Antonio de Caroli (Archivio Venice, Atti Marcello Girolamo \u2013 Testamenti 612, No. 345: \u201cAl sunominato Sigr Antonio de Caroli mio amorevole\u2026lascio le copie de quadri, che egli tiene di mia ragione, fatte dalli Fratelli Guardi\u2026\u201d). Thus, if the Cleveland Guardis are indeed those mentioned in the inventory of 1800, they would have come into the Giovanelli family\u2019s possession sometime after 1731 and would not be found in both inventories.
In his 1953 article in Burlington Magazine, \u201cA Signed Drawing by Antonio Guardi and the Problem of the Guardi Brothers,\u201d Antonio Morassi refers to the Cleveland pictures: \u201cfour canvases with scenes from the Old Testament\u2026which twenty years ago I recognized in the Neumann Gallery as works by Guardi and which, after various vicissitudes, have recently been acquired by Cleveland.\u201d If Morassi\u2019s recollection is correct, the paintings would have been with the Neumann Gallery by 1933; this date is consistent with Rodolfo Pallucchini's reference to this \u201crecently discovered\u201d Guardi painting in his L\u2019arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, published in 1934.
"], "date": "By 1933?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Francesco Pospisil, Venice, sold through Alessandro Brass to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1952.237"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "After their initial meeting, Abraham graciously offered to feed the angels and wash their feet. Following the meal, they announce that his wife Sarah, long past child-bearing age, will soon have a son, fulfilling a promise God had made earlier to Abraham. The artist presents the moment of revelation, the angels resplendent in their pastel gowns and feathery wings, with Sarah learning the news while hiding behind their cottage door.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516034"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Binion, Alice. Antonio and Francesco Guardi, Their Life and Milieu: With a Catalogue of Their Figure Drawings. New York: Garland Pub, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L'arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender, editore, 1934.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. The Eighteenth-Century Italian Schools. London: Publications Dept., National Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alessandro Brass, letter to Henry S. 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The texts cascade down from right to left, forming unique compositional relationships with the images below. The episodes offer a veritable portrait of human idiosyncrasy, from one man\u2019s deep faith in radishes to another\u2019s inability to avoid nicknames.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471903"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.43.2-scenes-from-essays-i"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 60\u201361, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. 29b", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.43.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "575", "filesize": "526927", "filename": "1971.43.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1548", "filesize": "3952340", "filename": "1971.43.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_full.tif", "width": "14229", "height": "6482", "filesize": "276727584", "filename": "1971.43.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "573", "filesize": "576461"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "929", "filesize": "1602525"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "929", "filesize": "5709820"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-15T19:18:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "430236"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2605", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6306632"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6514", "filesize": "97581716"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-15T19:27:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "893", "filesize": "435328"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2524", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6157629"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4806", "height": "6473", "filesize": "93355784"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-15T19:32:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "432568"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2567", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6245619"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.43.2/1971.43.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4915", "height": "6509", "filesize": "96003320"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146145, "creators": [{"id": 6178, "description": "Matsumura Goshun (Japanese, 1752\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u677e\u6751\u5449\u6625", "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s\u2013early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1971.43", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Essays in Idleness"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:28.364000"}, {"id": 157643, "accession_number": "1995.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Madrid Album \"B\": Young Woman (possibly a Sex Worker) with a Man (recto); Young Woman Wringing Her Hands over a Man's Naked Body (verso), 1796\u201397. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828). Brush and gray and black washes on laid paper; image: 18.7 x 12 cm (7 3/8 x 4 3/4 in.); sheet: 23.5 x 14.5 cm (9 1/4 x 5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1995.15", "current_location": null, "title": "Young Woman (possibly a Sex Worker) with a Man (recto); Young Woman Wringing Her Hands over a Man's Naked Body (verso)", "series": "Madrid Album \"B\"", "creation_date": "1796\u201397", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1797, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "brush and gray and black washes on laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Spanish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 18.7 x 12 cm (7 3/8 x 4 3/4 in.); Sheet: 23.5 x 14.5 cm (9 1/4 x 5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.235, "width": 0.145}, "image": {"height": 0.187, "width": 0.12}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "recto: by artist, upper right, in gray wash: 49", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: by artist, upper left, in gray wash: 50", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "by inheritance from the artist to his son, Javier Goya y Bayeu (1784-1854), Madrid", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1828-1854", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "by inheritance to his son, Mariano Goya y Goicoechea (1806-1874), Madrid", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1854-around 1855-60", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "sold by Mariano to Valentin Carderera y Solano (1796-1880), Madrid, or to Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz (1806-1874), Madrid, or his brother-in-law Rom\u00e1n Garreta y Huerta", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1855/60", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Given or sold by Madrazo to Scipione Vannutelli (1834\u20131894), Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1866-75", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "by descent to his heirs, the Clementi-Vannutelli family.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1894-1960s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Dorothy Braude Edinburg (1920-2015), Boston", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-around 1987", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Jo-Ann Edinburg Pinkowitz, John Edinburg, and Hope Edinburg, Boston", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1987", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "their sale, Sotheby's, New York, 12 November 1987, lot 108", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "with David Carritt Ltd/Artemis Group, London and New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1994", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1995", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Much of Francisco de Goya's graphic output of drawings and prints was not made public until well after his death.", "description": "Among the great figures of the pictorial arts in the West, Francisco de Goya is one of the very few whose work as a graphic artist is arguably even more important than his paintings. Alongside a prodigious output of prints, he created eight sketchbooks of drawings over the course of 30 years. This double-sided sheet comes from the so-called Album B, or Madrid Album, which, like all of them, was scattered throughout the world in public and private collections after his death. The drawings reveal Goya\u2019s powers of invention and observation, and his biting satire. On the recto side of the sheet, a vulgar encounter between a prostitute and a pot-bellied lecher reveals the bluntness of the Goya\u2019s social criticism. The verso drawing is less easily pinned down, though it follows traditional iconography for representations of Saint Margaret of Cortona, a nobleman\u2019s mistress who repented and entered a convent after her lover\u2019s dog led her to his murdered corpse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79974685"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.15-prostitute-solicitin", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.15-young-woman-possibly"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mariani, Valerio, \"Primo centenario dalla morte di Francesco Goya : disegni inediti\" Arte 31 (1928): 97-108.", "page_number": "pp. 104-107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wehle, Harry B. Fifty Drawings by Francisco Goya. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938.", "page_number": "p. 13 (as Girl Mourning her Dead Lover\" and \"Young Woman Unconvinced\"", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lo\u0301pez-Rey, Jose\u0301. Goya's Caprichos: Beauty, Reason & Caricature. [Princeton]: Princeton University Press, 1953. 2 vols.", "page_number": "1: pp. 38-39; 2: figs. 39-40.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sayre, Eleanor. A. \"Eight Books of Drawings by Goya: 1,\" Burlington Magazine CVI: 730-741 (Jan. to Dec. 1964): 19-30.", "page_number": "no. 49-50, p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gassier, Pierre, Juliet Wilson-Bareau, and Franc\u0327ois Lachenal. The Life and Complete Work of Francisco Goya: With a Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, Drawings and Engravings. New York: Reynal, in association with William Morrow, 1971.", "page_number": "cats. 413-413, p. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goya, Francisco, and Pierre Gassier. Drawings: The Complete Albums. New York: Praeger, 1973.", "page_number": "pp. 85, 86; cats. 49, 50, pp. 129-130.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Camo\u0301n Aznar, Jose\u0301. Fran. de Goya. [Zaragoza]: Instituto Camon Aznar, 1980. 4 vols.", "page_number": "III: nos. 49-50, p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Goya and Benton Drawings,\" Drawing 17 (Nov. 1995-Mar. 1996): 105-", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 11, 84-87, 287; Reproduced: p. 85-86, cat. no. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 161", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Gassier & Wilson 413 (recto) and 414 (verso); Gassier B.49 (recto) and B.50 (verso)", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.15/1995.15_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "707", "filesize": "259501", "filename": "1995.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.15/1995.15_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2671", "filesize": "2933872", "filename": "1995.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.15/1995.15_full.tif", "width": "7205", "height": "5661", "filesize": "122392852", "filename": "1995.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-03-27T14:58:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.15/1995.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "566", "height": "900", "filesize": "157996"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.15/1995.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2137", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2104455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.15/1995.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3553", "height": "5652", "filesize": "60276420"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 157643, "creators": [{"id": 2386, "description": "Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1995-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1796\u201397", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Young Woman Making Advances to a Man with a Paunch (recto)", "Young Woman with Potbellied Man (from Madrid album: B)", "Prostitute Soliciting a Fat, Ugly Man (recto)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:17.144000"}, {"id": 146167, "accession_number": "1971.63", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Risen Christ Appearing to the Virgin, c. 1708. Francesco Solimena (Italian, 1657\u20131747). Oil on canvas; framed: 250.2 x 197.5 x 12.7 cm (98 1/2 x 77 3/4 x 5 in.); unframed: 222.5 x 169.5 cm (87 5/8 x 66 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1971.63", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "The Risen Christ Appearing to the Virgin", "creation_date": "c. 1708", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1713, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 250.2 x 197.5 x 12.7 cm (98 1/2 x 77 3/4 x 5 in.); Unframed: 222.5 x 169.5 cm (87 5/8 x 66 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.502, "width": 1.975, "depth": 0.127}, "unframed": {"height": 2.225, "width": 1.695}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, Heim Gallery, 1971: \"Fourteen Important Neapolitan Paintings,\" cat. no. 9, repr.color.", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Dec. 1971-Jan.1972: \"Year in Review 1971,\" cat., Bull., (Jan. 1972), no. 55.", "opening_date": "1971-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Connecticut, Yale University Art Gallery, (9/9/87-12/6/87) Neapolitan Paintings in North America.", "opening_date": "1987-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Unidentified church in France (sale: Palais des Congres, Versailles, May 24, 1970 [withdrawn], fig. D, as Spanish School, seventeenth century, La resurrection);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Heim Gallery, Paris, London], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The dramatic contrasts of light and dark reveal the long aftereffects of Caravaggio in Naples. Yet, the elegant forms, rich colors, and perfected body of Christ have far more affinities with the idealizing strand of Italian art in the 1600s and 1700s. Solimena sought to improve on nature, based on the study of antiquity, aiming to create a work of grandeur and nobility meant to inspire reverence and devotion appropriate to the holy subject.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471906"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.63-the-risen-christ-app"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cAn Important Addition to Solimena\u2019s Oeuvre.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 59, no. 8 (October 1972): 219\u2013227.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 217-219, Cover, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152446"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \u201cA Rediscovered Holy Family by Francesco Trevisani.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 1 (January 1977): 25\u201336.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 27-28, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152673"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 417-419; Reproduced: p. 418", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marandel, J. Patrice. \"Dealing and Scholarship: The Heim Gallery, London, 1966-1995.\" In Buying Baroque: Italian Seventeenth-Century Paintings Come to America. Bowron, Edgar Peters. ed. University Park, Pennsylvania : The Frick Collection, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 87-88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola. Francesco Solimena (1657-1747) e le arti a Napoli Roma : Ugo Bozzi editore s.r.l., 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: p. 369, fig. 147", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.63", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.63/1971.63_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "375916", "filename": "1971.63_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.63/1971.63_print.jpg", "width": "2611", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5428543", "filename": "1971.63_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.63/1971.63_full.tif", "width": "3839", "height": "5000", "filesize": "57609228", "filename": "1971.63_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-07-31T13:18:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.63/1971.63_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "104113"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.63/1971.63_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1622207"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.63/1971.63_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5783", "height": "7243", "filesize": "125682632"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-08T12:59:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.63/1971.63_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "893", "filesize": "136322"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.63/1971.63_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2591", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1528389"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.63/1971.63_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3438", "height": "4510", "filesize": "46552308"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 146167, "creators": [{"id": 2315, "description": "Francesco Solimena (Italian, 1657\u20131747)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1657", "death_year": "1747", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1708", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Risen Christ Appearing to His Mother"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:56.291000"}, {"id": 161275, "accession_number": "1999.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Disrobing of Christ, c. 1785\u201390. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804). Pen and brown and black ink, brush and black, brown, and red-brown wash, over black chalk; framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 47.9 x 38.2 cm (18 7/8 x 15 1/16 in.); image: 46.1 x 36.2 cm (18 1/8 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1999.5", "current_location": null, "title": "The Disrobing of Christ", "creation_date": "c. 1785\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown and black ink, brush and black, brown, and red-brown wash, over black chalk; framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 47.9 x 38.2 cm (18 7/8 x 15 1/16 in.); Image: 46.1 x 36.2 cm (18 1/8 x 14 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.479, "width": 0.382}, "image": {"height": 0.461, "width": 0.362}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in brown ink: Dom' Tiepolo f", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222382, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo: A New Testament", "description": "Domenico Tiepolo: A New Testament. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (October 24, 2006-January 7, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Victor Luzarches [1803-1869], Tours, France.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1869", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Camille Rogier [1805-1893], Paris.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1869-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, January 13, 1993, no. 62, sold.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Stephen Mazoh & Co., Inc., New York.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Martin Kline [1961-], Rhinebeck, New York, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Feb. 1999.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1999", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1999-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo worked on his Large Biblical Series, including this and around 260 other drawings, from five to ten years.", "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, an important Venetian fresco painter of the 18th century, is best known today for his highly finished historical drawings that ingeniously incorporate details from daily life. This drawing, from a suite of more than 260 sheets known as the Large Biblical Series, depicts the Disrobing of Christ (the tenth Station of the Cross). A trio of patriarchs watch as Roman soldiers strip Jesus of his robe, a mob brews in the background, and over the lip of the hill, Roman soldiers trumpet the Crucifixion. The figure of Jesus, who glows with the stark white color of Domenico\u2019s exposed paper, emerges simple and luminous from the chaos around him. His hammer-wielding executioner, emphasized with golden-brown wash, kneels before him\u2014an ironic touch that implies the religious significance of Christ\u2019s death. Domenico's signature technique, seen here, includes an underdrawing in black chalk or charcoal, contour lines drawn with a quill pen and brush, and modeling with a range of brown washes. His gestural, agitated lines evoke a strong sense of movement and emotional tension. The artist likely made the series for his own edification rather than for sale, as he kept the drawings during his lifetime and no prints were made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79983845"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.5-the-disrobing-of-chr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Guerlin, Henri. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo: au temps du Christ. Tours: Alfred Mame et fils, 1921.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 81-82, pl. 81.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cMarket results: Old Master Drawings.\u201d The Art Newspaper (New York, NY), Feb. 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 29.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid M., George Knox, Giuseppe Bergamini, and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman. Milan: Electa, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 82, 175, no. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid M. and George Knox. Giandomenico Tiepolo: Maestria e Gioco, Disegni dal mondo. Milan: Electa, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 82, 175 no. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conrad, Christofer. \u201cDie grossformatigen religi\u00f6sen Zeichnungen Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo.\u201d Ph. D. diss. Universit\u00e9 de Heidelberg, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Benin Bronze Plaque, Rembrandt Print, Other Works of Art Enter CMA Collection,\u201d March 12, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4240"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 26, p. 11, pp. 11, 72-73, 286; Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Dianne, \"The Disrobing of Christ\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 40 no. 03, March 2000", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2000-03/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid M., George Knox, and Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo. Domenico Tiepolo: A New Testament. Bloomington: Indiana University Art Museum in association with Indiana University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 480-481, cat. no. 198", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.5/1999.5_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "893", "filesize": "144471", "filename": "1999.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.5/1999.5_print.jpg", "width": "2711", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1751038", "filename": "1999.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.5/1999.5_full.tif", "width": "4483", "height": "5621", "filesize": "75621536", "filename": "1999.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.5/1999.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "728", "height": "893", "filesize": "599136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.5/1999.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1883", "filesize": "2638978"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.5/1999.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1883", "filesize": "8680060"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161275, "creators": [{"id": 1185, "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1785\u201390", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:17.862000"}, {"id": 119030, "accession_number": "1940.1215", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Samuel Butler, c. 1715\u201320. Bernard Lens (British, 1681\u20131740). Watercolor on ivory in a period metal frame; framed: 4.5 x 3.7 cm (1 3/4 x 1 7/16 in.); sight: 4.5 x 3.5 cm (1 3/4 x 1 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1940.1215", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Samuel Butler", "creation_date": "c. 1715\u201320", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, early 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period metal frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 4.5 x 3.7 cm (1 3/4 x 1 7/16 in.); Sight: 4.5 x 3.5 cm (1 3/4 x 1 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.045, "width": 0.037}, "sight": {"height": 0.045, "width": 0.035}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed right: BL [in monogram]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 20, 2008 - September 22, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-06-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures on Loan, South Kensington Museum, London, England (1865).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Webb (d. 1880), London, England and Cannes, France, by inheritance to his daughter Edith Cragg", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1880-1880", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edith Cragg (n\u00e9e Webb, d. 1925), Wrotham Place, Kent, England and Cannes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1880-1925", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's London, June 24,1925, Lot 143).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(S. J. Phillips, London, England).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art [as \"Samuel Butler by Peter Lely\"].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1940", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lens often signed his work in monogram; this gold signature is well preserved on this example.", "description": "Bernard Lens III was the most renowned member of an artist dynasty. His namesake father was a printmaker, his grandfather a painter, and two of his own sons became artists. Lens III was a critical figure in miniature painting as the art form transitioned away from painting on vellum. During the first decade of the eighteenth century, he established ivory as the primary miniature support in Britain, probably having seen the pioneering work of Rosalba Carriera (1675\u20131757) brought to England from Venice during the flowering of the Grand Tour. The earliest known miniatures by Lens were painted on vellum around 1707, with examples on ivory appearing shortly thereafter. Lens spent his career in London, Bristol, and Bath while also traveling to the country estates of his influential patrons. He was painter to kings George I and George II, as well as drawing instructor to princesses Mary and Louise, the Duke of Cumberland, and Horace Walpole (1717\u20131797). The sitter, Samuel Butler, turns slightly to the left and has brown eyes. A small portion of his dull red coat is visible, and he wears a white lace cravat twisted around his neck in a loose knot\u2014an essential element of a gentleman\u2019s dress that was fashionable between the 1670s and 1690s and unlike the broad lace or linen collars that dominated in the early and mid-seventeenth century. A long, brown, curled wig falls past his shoulders, and one comma-shaped curl is arranged at the center of his forehead. Butler\u2019s voluminous wig occupies half of the painted surface. During the 1660s gentlemen regularly wore wigs, and while they offered a practical solution to such predicaments as hair loss, graying, and lice, wigs were subject to the vicissitudes of fashion. The wig style seen here is that of the late seventeenth century. Around 1680 it became the norm to part the long wig at the center, which by 1700 resulted in two pronounced tufts on either side, a style not yet exhibited in this portrait. Butler was a poet and satirist popular at the court of King Charles II (reigned 1660\u20131685). He is primarily remembered as the author of Hudibras, a mock-heroic epic poem satirizing Puritanism written during the English civil war and published between 1663 and 1678.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014244"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1215-portrait-of-samuel-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "South Kensington Museum, and Howard Coppuck Levis. Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, June, 1865. London: Printed by Whittingham and Wilkins, 1865.", "page_number": "p. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Catalogue of Old French & English Furniture, Objects of Art and Porcelain. London: Christy, Manson, and Woods International, 1925.", "page_number": "lot 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, no. 22; reproduced: pl. V, no. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n51"}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 21, pp. 112-115", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1215", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1215/1940.1215_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "76335", "filename": "1940.1215_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1215/1940.1215_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "903174", "filename": "1940.1215_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1215/1940.1215_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022152", "filename": "1940.1215_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-03T13:58:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "651", "height": "893", "filesize": "359300"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2478", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4237515"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3394", "height": "4656", "filesize": "47439376"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T14:03:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "893", "filesize": "441035"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2692", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5190357"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2803", "height": "3540", "filesize": "29798232"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T18:00:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "100555"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1275146"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.1215/1940.1215_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022064"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119030, "creators": [{"id": 3685, "description": "Bernard Lens (British, 1681\u20131740)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1681", "death_year": "1740", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1715\u201320", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Man"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:17.820000"}, {"id": 120838, "accession_number": "1941.562", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man and Portrait of a Woman (pair), c. 1795. Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822). Watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame; framed: 9.2 x 7.7 cm (3 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.); sight: 6.7 x 5.3 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.562", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man and Portrait of a Woman (pair)", "creation_date": "c. 1795", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9.2 x 7.7 cm (3 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.); Sight: 6.7 x 5.3 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.092, "width": 0.077}, "sight": {"height": 0.067, "width": 0.053}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "They are both unsigned, as was typical for Plimer\u2019s works during this period.", "description": "The man's powdered hair is tied with a dark bow below the shoulders. He has gray eyes and wears a greenish-gray coat, white shirt, and cravat tied in a bow under his chin. The background is very pale, with ivory ground visible, but faintly light blue close to the head. Among the hallmarks of Nathaniel Plimer\u2019s technique was the use of delicate stippling for the shadows of the face and the application of individual dots of paint to create the lower lid eyelashes. The woman wears a wide, white ribbon bandeau in her powdered, curly hair, which falls to her shoulders. She has blue eyes and dark brows; a gold earring is visible in her left ear. The bust line of her white cotton gown is trimmed with many layers of ruffles, and she wears a fi chu around her neck and shoulders. The background is very pale, with ivory ground visible, but faintly light blue close to the head. The female portrait is slightly larger than the male, and both date from c. 1795, the date at which a British man would have worn his hair powdered and his cravat tied in a bow and a British woman would have been wearing this type of ruffled muslin gown and a bandeau in her long hair. It is impossible to know for certain if these unidentified sitters were married, but the fact that they are housed in identical frames, which date from the same period as the paintings, suggests that they are a pair. Although husbands and wives often commissioned portraits in miniature simultaneously, the pairs were frequently divided over time through inheritance, loss, breakage, or independent sale. Both miniatures are housed in identical, wonderfully elaborate period gold frames with braided hairwork. The blue glass back of each has a plait of brown hair in its center. The hair incorporated into the framing of each miniature is approximately the same color, suggesting either that the couple had the same color hair or that the same hair was used in each frame. Traditionally, it was the hair of the sitter that was mounted with his or her miniature portrait.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016495"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.562-portrait-of-a-man-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 32, pl. XX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n67"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters. London: Faber and Faber, 1972.", "page_number": "p 451", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 53-54, pp. 215-220", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.562", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562/1941.562_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "609", "filesize": "139363", "filename": "1941.562_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562/1941.562_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2300", "filesize": "1422818", "filename": "1941.562_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562/1941.562_full.tif", "width": "16543", "height": "11190", "filesize": "555376944", "filename": "1941.562_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-06T19:31:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "162634"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1725350"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144027672"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T20:05:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "600", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "8000", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:18:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "109305"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2180", "filesize": "1163051"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562/1941.562_alt2_full.tif", "width": "17346", "height": "11122", "filesize": "578794952"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120838, "creators": [{"id": 3721, "description": "Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1822", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1795", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man in Pale Green Coat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:47.316000"}, {"id": 127229, "accession_number": "1949.546", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, 1786. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame; framed: 5.5 x 4.2 cm (2 3/16 x 1 5/8 in.); unframed: 4.9 x 3.7 cm (1 15/16 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1949.546", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "1786", "creation_date_earliest": 1786, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 5.5 x 4.2 cm (2 3/16 x 1 5/8 in.); Unframed: 4.9 x 3.7 cm (1 15/16 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.055, "width": 0.042}, "unframed": {"height": 0.049, "width": 0.037}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left: J S / 1786 / I [The initial I indicates a miniature painted in India, where Smart worked between 1785 and 1795.]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335553, "title": "John Smart - Miniaturist", "description": "John Smart - Miniaturist. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 9-31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "H. Davis, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(H. E. Backer, London, England, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1949", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Smart signed this miniature in the corner with his initials and the date 1786.", "description": "John Smart painted this miniature in India, where he was based in Madras. The unidentified sitter has gray-brown eyes and powdered hair worn en queue. Smart painted the hair with a combination of loose brushstrokes, over which fine white lines are applied to suggest individual hairs and create movement that is carried through the stippling of the face. The manner in which he mixed his colors sometimes resulted in an alteration of the pigment, causing a sitter\u2019s hair to appear pinkish, as can be seen here. A dusting of powder is visible on the sitter\u2019s shoulder. He wears a blue coat featuring a red collar and a high white stock collar with a bow and ruffled jabot, the general effect of which is sometimes taken to suggest a military uniform. However, similar blue and red coats can be seen in portraits of American, British, and French gentlemen, including those of independent means, so this style of dress seems not to have been associated with any particular military or civilian uniform. The sitter\u2019s face is sensitively described with Smart\u2019s trademark stippling. Highlights over the brow, upper lip, around the eyes, and at the tip of the nose are created less with the addition of white than through the absence of darker stippled pigment. The overall result is a degree of warmth and depth not often found among the portraits of Smart\u2019s contemporaries. The miniature is housed in a simple gold frame.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79907081"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.546-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. GreeneCollection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, no. 34. pl. IX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n55"}, {"citation": "Smart, John, and Rose E. Taggart. John Smart - Miniaturist, 1741/42-1811: Starr Collection of Consecutively Dated Miniatures and Special Loan Exhibition : William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, Decmeber 9, 1965 to January 2, 1966. Kansas City, Mo: The Gallery, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 304", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 30, pp. 146-147", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.546", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.546/1949.546_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "893", "filesize": "102183", "filename": "1949.546_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.546/1949.546_print.jpg", "width": "2580", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1076826", "filename": "1949.546_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.546/1949.546_full.tif", "width": "5688", "height": "7493", "filesize": "127882776", "filename": "1949.546_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-03T13:40:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "412883"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2725", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4940790"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3771", "height": "4705", "filesize": "53259896"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T14:23:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "757", "height": "893", "filesize": "497387"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2766", "height": "3263", "filesize": "5806834"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2766", "height": "3263", "filesize": "27106840"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-07T18:51:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "107208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1246582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.546/1949.546_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022664"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127229, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-12-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1786, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1786", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:06.598000"}, {"id": 127232, "accession_number": "1949.549", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1715. Christian Friedrich Zincke (German, 1683/85\u20131767). Enamel on copper in a gilt metal frame; framed: 6.4 x 5.1 cm (2 1/2 x 2 in.); sight: 5.9 x 4.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1949.549", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough", "creation_date": "1715", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1715, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "enamel on copper in a gilt metal frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 6.4 x 5.1 cm (2 1/2 x 2 in.); Sight: 5.9 x 4.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.051}, "sight": {"height": 0.059, "width": 0.048}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on back: CF Zincke fecit/ 1715. [CF in monorgram].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 20, 2008 - September 22, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-06-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23, 2013 - May 20, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-07-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nyberg, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), London. England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1949", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although miniatures are often regarded as a private art form exchanged between loved ones, the nature of this enamel was likely political.", "description": "Unlike fragile portrait miniatures painted in watercolor on vellum or ivory, which are prone to cracking, fading, and flaking, enamels are resilient, impervious to the effects of light, and retain their striking original colors over time. Partly for this reason enamel was considered ideal for reproducing famous paintings and treasured portraits in a reduced and luminous form. The complicated and labor-intensive process of enameling required the artist to fire numerous layers of colored metal oxide at different temperatures, which made it difficult to produce a faithful portrait likeness, though masters of the medium were able create portraits of remarkable subtlety imbued with the sitter's personality. The heyday of enamel painting was the late 1600s and early 1700s. Among the enamel specialists was Zincke, who worked in England where he was patronized by Queen Anne, King George I, and King George II.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79907090"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.549-portrait-of-john-chu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 32, no. 49, pl. IV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n51"}, {"citation": "Carlsen, G. Robert. Western Literature; Themes and Writers; Teacher's Resources Guide. St. Louis: Webster Division, McGraw-Hill, 1967.", "page_number": "p. 442", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coffin, Sarah, and Bodo Hofstetter. Portrait Miniatures in Enamel: The Gilbert Collection. London: Philip Wilson in association with the Gilbert Collection, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 116", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 22, pp. 117-119", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.549", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.549/1949.549_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "70159", "filename": "1949.549_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.549/1949.549_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "698590", "filename": "1949.549_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.549/1949.549_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022712", "filename": "1949.549_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-12-17T20:23:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "644", "height": "893", "filesize": "388045"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2453", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4723303"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3301", "height": "4575", "filesize": "45338556"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T14:51:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "461127"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5764179"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3396", "height": "4227", "filesize": "43095112"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-16T18:14:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "757", "height": "893", "filesize": "371305"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2882", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4642059"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3906", "height": "4607", "filesize": "107995804"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-16T18:20:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "760", "height": "893", "filesize": "506875"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2893", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6173930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4002", "height": "4703", "filesize": "56494772"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-25T19:42:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "82285"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "987292"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.549/1949.549_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022056"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127232, "creators": [{"id": 3697, "description": "Christian Friedrich Zincke (German, 1683/85\u20131767)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Christian Friedrich Zincke was born in Dresden, Germany, where he apprenticed with his goldsmith father.1 At the invitation of the master enamelist Charles Boit (1663\u20131727), Zincke traveled to England in 1706, became Boit\u2019s pupil, and later established the most successful enamel-painting studio in England. Several generations of British monarchs patronized Zincke, including Queen Anne, King George I, and particularly King George II, a great lover of enamels. During the early years of his practice, Zincke charged under 7 guineas for a portrait, and although inflation remained steady, he was able to command up to 30 guineas by the end of his career. This substantial increase not only indicates the artist\u2019s rise in popularity, but it also speaks to his deteriorating vision, as the larger fees were implemented to limit the number of commissions taxing Zincke\u2019s failing eyesight, which forced him to give up painting professionally in the mid-1740s. The enameling techniques utilized in portrait miniatures were developed during the early seventeenth century, but the first half of the eighteenth century was the heyday of enamel painting in Britain. The art form was prized for its resilience and brilliant colors, though the complicated and labor-intensive process of individually firing multiple layers of colored metal oxide made it more difficult to create a faithful likeness. Zincke executed portraits from life as well as copied older portraits in oil from artists including Peter Lely (1618\u20131680) and Godfrey Kneller (1646\u20131723). Always willing to flatter his sitters, Zincke was known to make some of his sitters appear more youthful and to work from earlier portraits. In spite of the fact that many miniatures by Zincke are signed on the counter-enamel, attribution is complicated by the fact that he kept an industrious studio populated with students and assistants of varying talents. He began to teach over a decade after his eyesight failed, and among his better-known students were William Prewett (active 1733\u2013c. 1750) and Jeremias Majer (1735\u20131789), whose work is also in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1767", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-12-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Duke of Marlborough", "John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, K.G."], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:36.794000"}, {"id": 149661, "accession_number": "1979.53", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Orchid Pavilion Gathering, 1777. Soga Sh\u014dhaku (Japanese, 1730\u20131781). Hanging scroll; ink on silk; painting: 122.7 x 55.7 cm (48 5/16 x 21 15/16 in.); mounted: 197.4 x 58.8 cm (77 11/16 x 23 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1979.53", "current_location": null, "title": "Orchid Pavilion Gathering", "creation_date": "1777", "creation_date_earliest": 1777, "creation_date_latest": 1777, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 122.7 x 55.7 cm (48 5/16 x 21 15/16 in.); Mounted: 197.4 x 58.8 cm (77 11/16 x 23 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 1.227, "width": 0.557}, "mounted": {"height": 1.974, "width": 0.588}, "with knobs": {"height": 1.974, "width": 0.643}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed upper right: Sixth year of An'ei (1777) mid-winter, Soga Shohaku\r\nSeal: Dasokken Shohaku\r\nSeal: Unread", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "Year in Review: 1979. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 226536, "title": "Soga Shohaku (1730-81)", "description": "Soga Shohaku (1730-81). Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (April 12-May 15, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-04-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Toyobi, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131979", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1979\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Buddhist temple Bairinji in Kurume City, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan, and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia, own compositions by the same artist on the same theme.", "description": "This painting depicts a famous gathering that took place in China in AD 353 to celebrate the Spring Purification Festival, also known as the Double Third Festival, as it takes place on the third day of the third lunar month. The host invited everyone to the Orchid Pavilion to compose poetry and drink wine. Guests floated wine cups down a nearby creek, and where they landed, people had to drink the wine and compose a poem.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474038"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.53-orchid-pavilion-gath"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 67, no. 3 (1980): 58\u201399.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 120, p. 93; Mentioned: cat. no. 120, p. 98", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \u201cPainting the Wind: A Mid-Fifteenth Century \u2018Suibokuga.\u2019\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 7 (November 1985): 363\u2013377.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159918"}, {"citation": "\"Thoughts on a Group of Deity Sculptures at the Oiso Takaku Shrine.\" Kokka \u570b\u83ef 1312 (2005).", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Soga Sho\u0304haku: burai to iu yuetsu : tokubetsu tenrankai [\u66fe\u6211\u856d\u767d : \u7121\u983c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6109\u60a6: \u7279\u5225\u5c55\u89a7\u4f1a = Sho\u0304haku show]. [Kyoto]: Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat no. 20, p. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55: \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e = Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 36, p. 118", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.53", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.53/1979.53_web.jpg", "width": "409", "height": "900", "filesize": "253741", "filename": "1979.53_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.53/1979.53_print.jpg", "width": "1545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2004030", "filename": "1979.53_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.53/1979.53_full.tif", "width": "6284", "height": "13825", "filesize": "260654740", "filename": "1979.53_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-06-26T19:01:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.53/1979.53_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "364", "height": "893", "filesize": "81995"}, "print": {"url": 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"width": "2877", "height": "9622", "filesize": "83070928"}}, {"date_created": "2022-01-07T15:27:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.53/1979.53_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "900", "filesize": "198995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.53/1979.53_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2100", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1523834"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.53/1979.53_alt8_full.tif", "width": "2358", "height": "3818", "filesize": "27033000"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149661, "creators": [{"id": 35627, "description": "Soga Sh\u014dhaku (Japanese, 1730\u20131781)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u66fe\u6211\u856d\u767d", "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1781", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-08-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1777, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1777", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:32.182000"}, {"id": 153402, "accession_number": "1986.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Square-shaped Bottle with the Scenery of the Han River (\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \uc0b0\uc218\ubb34\ub2ac \uc0ac\uac01\ubcd1 (\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u756b\u5c71\u6c34\u6587\u56db\u89d2\u7501)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Porcelain with underglaze cobalt blue decoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1986.86", "current_location": null, "title": "Square-shaped Bottle with the Scenery of the Han River", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \uc0b0\uc218\ubb34\ub2ac \uc0ac\uac01\ubcd1 (\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u756b\u5c71\u6c34\u6587\u56db\u89d2\u7501)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze cobalt blue decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.11, "width": 0.087, "length": 0.087}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.058}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 617635, "title": "From Dreaming to Hiking: Korean Landscape Paintings", "description": "From Dreaming to Hiking: Korean Landscape Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-September 29, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert W. Moore, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Han River is the principal river crossing the center of Seoul.", "description": "The depicted scenery of this bottle is the Han River, the principal river crossing the center of Seoul. Since the 1700s, Korean artists began to paint the real landscape of Korea instead of imaginary ones of the Chinese tradition. This blue-and-white porcelain bottle is presumably a water dropper for ink. Each facet was separately made and put together before firing in a kiln. Both the landscape motif and faceted bottle were in vogue in the late 19th century, largely produced to meet the growing demand from the elite class.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939332"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.86-square-shaped-bottle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bang, Byungsun. \"The Technology of Porcelain Manufacturing in the late Joseon Dynasty [\u671d\u9bae\u5f8c\u671f\u767d\u78c1\uc758\u88fd\u4f5c\u6280\u8853\u784f\u7a76].\" Misul sahak yeongu (1997): 67-104", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00995382"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. History of Korean Ceramics [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeong, Wonjoo. \"The Origin and Characteristics of White Porcelain Flask in the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ubc31\uc790\ud3b8\ubcd1\uc758 \uc5f0\uc6d0\uacfc \uc131\uaca9].\" Misulsa hakbo (2016): 33-62.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE06700600"}, {"citation": "Choi, Kyung-hwa, \u201cObservations on the Relation between Designs on White Porcelain and Folk Paintings of the Late Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \uccad\ud654\ubc31\uc790 \ubb38\uc591\uacfc \ubbfc\ud654\uc640\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uc131 \uace0\ucc30].\u201d Hanguk munhwa yeongu (2018): 151-186.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.kci.go.kr/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.86/1986.86_web.jpg", "width": "980", "height": "893", "filesize": "69102", "filename": "1986.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.86/1986.86_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3097", "filesize": "677846", "filename": "1986.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.86/1986.86_full.tif", "width": "4326", "height": "3941", "filesize": "51173640", "filename": "1986.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-17T15:43:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "939", "height": "893", "filesize": "65849"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3232", "filesize": "750874"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4299", "height": "4087", "filesize": "52737208"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T15:57:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "939", "height": "893", "filesize": "64536"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3235", "filesize": "696952"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4303", "height": "4095", "filesize": "52888560"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T17:33:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "920", "height": "893", "filesize": "68373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3300", "filesize": "811752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "3976", "filesize": "48883644"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T18:04:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1096", "height": "893", "filesize": "62988"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2770", "filesize": "472339"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4108", "height": "3347", "filesize": "41274232"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T18:10:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1059", "height": "893", "filesize": "87545"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2868", "filesize": "736648"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.86/1986.86_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3792", "height": "3199", "filesize": "36417080"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153402, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:27.193000"}, {"id": 123965, "accession_number": "1944.474", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Adoration of the Magi, c. 1740. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash, over black chalk; sheet: 38.7 x 28.5 cm (15 1/4 x 11 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1944.474", "current_location": null, "title": "The Adoration of the Magi", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash, over black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 38.7 x 28.5 cm (15 1/4 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.387, "width": 0.285}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, lower left, in graphite: [T?]. 5533; lower right, in graphite: [J?]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355529, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Components of Art: The Line", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Components of Art: The Line. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 12, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361361, "title": "Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings", "description": "Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-March 27, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "The Tiepolos and Their World. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "G. D\u00e9loye (Gustave D\u00e9loye) [1838-1899], Paris (inscribed with initials, lower right, in brown ink, similar to Lugt 756).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1898", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Adoration of the Magi in D\u00e9loye collection sold (see H. Mireur, Dictionnaire des Ventes d'Art (Paris, 1911), 7:183).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1898", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Richard H. Zinser, New York, purchased by The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dec. 1944.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1944", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "According to the Gospel of Matthew, three Magi, guided by a star, found the newborn Jesus and laid gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh before him. Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) Tiepolo\u2019s drawing of the traditional subject places the Madonna on a platform as she holds the Christ child out toward three approaching magi. Two bearded white magi kneel in supplication as the turbaned black magi stands behind them. Tiepolo plays with the conventions of the Adoration subject by employing an asymmetrical composition. Working over his black chalk underdrawing, traces of which are visible in the figures\u2019 robes, the artist delineated the scene with brown ink, quill pen, and brush before modeling with brown wash. Tiepolo\u2019s mastery over value is evident in his contrasts of dark shadow with light midtones and the luminous white of his paper, producing his celebrated effects of glistening sunlight and clear atmosphere. The broken wheel in the foreground, an attribute of Saint Catherine, also appears in Tiepolo's etching of the same subject (1965.18) to which this drawing may be related.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901499"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.474-the-adoration-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"\u2019The Adoration of the Magi,\u2019 a Drawing by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 33, no. 1 (1946): 8-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8-9, on cover.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141250"}, {"citation": "Millier, Arthur. The Drawings of Tiepolo. Los Angeles: Borden Publishing Co., 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24 and on cover.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rizzi, Aldo. Disegni del Tiepolo. Udine: Loggia del Lionello, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63 under no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n168"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n168"}, {"citation": "Knox, George. Tiepolo: A Bicentenary Exhibition 1770-1970. Cambridge, MA: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russell, Helen Diane. Rare Etchings by Giovanni Battisita and Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n164"}, {"citation": "Dreyer, Peter. Kupferstichkabinett Berlin: Italienische Zeichnungen. Stuttgart: Belser Verlag, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Succi, Dario. Giambattista Tiepolo: il segno e l\u2019enigma. Gorizia, Italy: Vianello Libri/Foligraf, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael J. Drawing: A Glossary of Materials. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 13, 14, 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bean, Jacob. 100 European Drawings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bean, Jacob and William Griswold. 18th Century Italian Drawings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200 under no. 190.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n123"}, {"citation": "Stanford University Museum of Art and Lorenz Eitner et. al. The Drawing Collection. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 138-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 498 under no. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 64-65; p. 286, cat. no. 22; Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.474", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.474/1944.474_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "893", "filesize": "120592", "filename": "1944.474_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.474/1944.474_print.jpg", "width": "2520", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1793634", "filename": "1944.474_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.474/1944.474_full.tif", "width": "5397", "height": "7280", "filesize": "117892536", "filename": "1944.474_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.474/1944.474_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "556618"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.474/1944.474_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2010", "filesize": "2742853"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.474/1944.474_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2010", "filesize": "9265476"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123965, "creators": [{"id": 2329, "description": "Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:21.541000"}, {"id": 125010, "accession_number": "1946.447.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study of Hands (recto), 1700s. Pierre Lenfant (French, 1704\u20131787). Red and black chalk heightened with white chalk; sheet: 20.1 x 20.4 cm (7 15/16 x 8 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Victor Spark, New York, 1946.447.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Study of Hands (recto)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1704, "creation_date_latest": 1787, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "red and black chalk heightened with white chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 20.1 x 20.4 cm (7 15/16 x 8 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.201, "width": 0.204}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower right, in graphite: lenfant", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 360891, "title": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces", "description": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces. Society of the Four Arts (organizer) (December 12, 1952-January 4, 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Drawing: A Line of Departure. Wasmer Gallery, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH (October 12 - December 15, 1985); Kenneth C. Beck Center, Lakewood, OH (September 7 - November 3, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "17th and 18th Century Genre and French Drawings. Cleveland Museum of Art (May 31 - August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Victor Spark [1898-1991], New York, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1946", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing is executed in a technique called trois crayons, referring to the three colors of chalk used by the artist. It was especially popular among artists in 18th-century France.", "description": "After Pierre Lenfant served as the official battlefield artist to King Louis XV in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740\u201348), he and his family were awarded a lifetime residence at the royal Gobelins Manufactory on the outskirts of Paris. This delicate study in colored chalks may depict a weaver pulling threads in the textile factory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79903249"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.447.a-study-of-hands-recto"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.447.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.447.a/1946.447.a_web.jpg", "width": "892", "height": "893", "filesize": "659406", "filename": "1946.447.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.447.a/1946.447.a_print.jpg", "width": "3397", "height": "3400", "filesize": "10451630", "filename": "1946.447.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.447.a/1946.447.a_full.tif", "width": "4702", "height": "4706", "filesize": "66412776", "filename": "1946.447.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Victor Spark, New York", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125010, "creators": [{"id": 13588, "description": "Pierre Lenfant (French, 1704\u20131787)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1704", "death_year": "1787", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1704, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1946.447", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:01.794000"}, {"id": 111675, "accession_number": "1930.205", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ichikawa Ebiz\u014d IV (Danjur\u014d) as Takemura Sadanoshin in The Loving Wife's Parti-Colored Reins (\u56db\u4ee3\u76ee\u5e02\u5ddd\u9c15\u8535\u300c\u4e94\u4ee3\u76ee\u56e3\u5341\u90ce\u300d\u306e\u7af9\u6751\u5b9a\u4e4b\u9032\u3000\u604b\u5973\u623f\u67d3\u5206\u624b\u7db1), 1794. T\u014dsh\u016bsai Sharaku (Japanese, active 1794\u201395). Color woodblock print; 36 x 23.6 cm (14 3/16 x 9 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.205", "current_location": null, "title": "Ichikawa Ebiz\u014d IV (Danjur\u014d) as Takemura Sadanoshin in The Loving Wife's Parti-Colored Reins", "title_in_original_language": "\u56db\u4ee3\u76ee\u5e02\u5ddd\u9c15\u8535\u300c\u4e94\u4ee3\u76ee\u56e3\u5341\u90ce\u300d\u306e\u7af9\u6751\u5b9a\u4e4b\u9032\u3000\u604b\u5973\u623f\u67d3\u5206\u624b\u7db1", "creation_date": "1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "36 x 23.6 cm (14 3/16 x 9 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.36, "width": 0.236}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Toshusai Sharaku ga. \nPublisher: Tsutaya Juzaburo (emblem). \nCensorship Seal: kiwame.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357023, "title": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 5-October 28, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355274, "title": "Ways of Drawing Faces", "description": "Ways of Drawing Faces. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1944-January 31, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301790, "title": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World", "description": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309857, "title": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking", "description": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 30, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 178454, "title": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections", "description": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "Highlights of Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka & Co., New York, NY, sold to Edward Loder Whittemore)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward Loder Whittemore [1862\u20131930], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2159.1928"], "did_you_know": "A member of the famous Ichikawa acting family, Ebizo IV is recognized here by his family crest of three nested boxes, visible on his robes.", "description": "Ichikawa Ebiz\u014d IV\u2019s (1741\u20131806) character, an actor called Takemura Sadanoshin, is permitted to perform opposite his daughter so he can see and hear her for the last time before her banishment for a forbidden love affair.
This design belongs to a category of Japanese prints called \u201cactor images\u201d (yakusha-e or \u5f79\u8005\u7d75). They were collected by fans of popular Kabuki actors. Kabuki is a kind of entertainment that got its start in the early Edo period, evolving from dance performances with simple storylines to long plays with complex plots, elaborate sets, and full musical accompaniments. Performers wear showy costumes and heavy makeup and strike poses called mie at critical moments in the narrative. Dialogue is spoken in a stylized way that resembles singing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004072"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.205-ichikawa-ebizo-iv-as"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard Conley Hollis. \"The Edward Loder Whittemore Collection of Japanese Prints.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 4 (April 1930): pp. 64-66.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 64-66", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137291"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.205", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.205/1930.205_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "900", "filesize": "210153", "filename": "1930.205_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.205/1930.205_print.jpg", "width": "2276", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3194913", "filename": "1930.205_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.205/1930.205_full.tif", "width": "7929", "height": "11847", "filesize": "281834912", "filename": "1930.205_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.205/1930.205_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "583", "height": "893", "filesize": "379890"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.205/1930.205_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2220", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4876730"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.205/1930.205_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3265", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49001448"}}, {"date_created": "2014-06-26T10:18:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.205/1930.205_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "610", "height": "900", "filesize": "181850"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.205/1930.205_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2305", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2641696"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.205/1930.205_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5369", "height": "7919", "filesize": "127580604"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111675, "creators": [{"id": 32774, "description": "T\u014dsh\u016bsai Sharaku (Japanese, active 1794\u201395)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6771\u6d32\u658e \u5199\u697d", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ichikawa Ebizo IV as Takemura Sadanoshin"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:52.539000"}, {"id": 111676, "accession_number": "1930.206", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Otani Tokuji I as the Retainer Sodesuke in \"Flowering Irises: A Soga Vendetta of the Bunroku Era\" (\u521d\u4ee3\u5927\u8c37\u5fb3\u6b21\u306e\u5974\u8896\u52a9\u3000\u82b1\u83d6\u84b2\u6587\u7984\u66fd\u6211), 1794. T\u014dsh\u016bsai Sharaku (Japanese, active 1794\u201395). Color woodblock print; 36.2 x 25.2 cm (14 1/4 x 9 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.206", "current_location": null, "title": "Otani Tokuji I as the Retainer Sodesuke in \"Flowering Irises: A Soga Vendetta of the Bunroku Era\"", "title_in_original_language": "\u521d\u4ee3\u5927\u8c37\u5fb3\u6b21\u306e\u5974\u8896\u52a9\u3000\u82b1\u83d6\u84b2\u6587\u7984\u66fd\u6211", "creation_date": "1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "36.2 x 25.2 cm (14 1/4 x 9 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.362, "width": 0.252}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Toshusai Sharaku ga (in lower right corner). \nPublisher: Tsutaya Juzaburo (emblem). \nCensorship Seal: kiwame.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357023, "title": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 5-October 28, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355274, "title": "Ways of Drawing Faces", "description": "Ways of Drawing Faces. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1944-January 31, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309857, "title": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking", "description": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 30, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 178454, "title": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections", "description": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "Highlights of Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka & Co., New York, NY, sold to Edward Loder Whittemore)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131925", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward Loder Whittemore [1862\u20131930], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1925\u20131930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2160.1928"], "did_you_know": "The clenched fist and mouth express the character\u2019s determination.", "description": "\u014ctani Tokuji I (1756\u20131808) portrays a servant in a play that follows two brothers as they pursue a villain who murdered their father and older brother and who stole their family\u2019s secret scroll.
This design belongs to a category of Japanese prints called \u201cactor images\u201d (yakusha-e or \u5f79\u8005\u7d75). They were collected by fans of popular Kabuki actors. Kabuki is a kind of entertainment that got its start in the early Edo period, evolving from dance performances with simple storylines to long plays with complex plots, elaborate sets, and full musical accompaniments. Performers wear showy costumes and heavy makeup and strike poses called mie at critical moments in the narrative. Dialogue is spoken in a stylized way that resembles singing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004073"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.206-otani-tokuji-as-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard Conley Hollis. \"The Edward Loder Whittemore Collection of Japanese Prints.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 4 (April 1930): 64-66.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 64-66", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137291"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.206", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.206/1930.206_web.jpg", "width": "636", "height": "900", "filesize": "213583", "filename": "1930.206_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.206/1930.206_print.jpg", "width": "2401", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3265250", "filename": "1930.206_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.206/1930.206_full.tif", "width": "8464", "height": "11984", "filesize": "304328620", "filename": "1930.206_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.206/1930.206_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "893", "filesize": "404972"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.206/1930.206_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2345", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5128790"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.206/1930.206_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3449", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51763036"}}, {"date_created": "2014-07-01T11:56:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.206/1930.206_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "900", "filesize": "193907"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.206/1930.206_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2382", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2710294"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.206/1930.206_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5167", "height": "7374", "filesize": "114334184"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111676, "creators": [{"id": 32774, "description": "T\u014dsh\u016bsai Sharaku (Japanese, active 1794\u201395)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6771\u6d32\u658e \u5199\u697d", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Otani Tokuji as the Servant Sodesuke in Flowering Irises: A Soga Vendetta of the Bunroku Era"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:12.536000"}, {"id": 130139, "accession_number": "1952.518", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Book of Fountains (Recueil de Fontaines): No. 6: Fountain with Two Tritons Blowing Conch Shells, c. 1736. Gabriel Huquier (French, 1695\u20131772), after Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Etching and engraving; image: 25.1 x 15.1 cm (9 7/8 x 5 15/16 in.); platemark: 27.2 x 17.3 cm (10 11/16 x 6 13/16 in.); sheet: 36 x 26.5 cm (14 3/16 x 10 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Erich Lederer, 1952.518", "current_location": null, "title": "No. 6: Fountain with Two Tritons Blowing Conch Shells", "series": "Book of Fountains", "series_in_original_language": "Recueil de Fontaines", "creation_date": "c. 1736", "creation_date_earliest": 1731, "creation_date_latest": 1741, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "etching and engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 25.1 x 15.1 cm (9 7/8 x 5 15/16 in.); Platemark: 27.2 x 17.3 cm (10 11/16 x 6 13/16 in.); Sheet: 36 x 26.5 cm (14 3/16 x 10 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.251, "width": 0.151}, "platemark": {"height": 0.272, "width": 0.173}, "sheet": {"height": 0.36, "width": 0.265}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Upper right, in plate: 6; lower left, in plate: F. Boucher. In.; lower center, in plate: avec Privilege du Roy; lower right, in plate: Huquier. ex.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310008, "title": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention", "description": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 7-May 17, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-04-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 187619, "title": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints", "description": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In addition to his fame as an artist, Boucher was known by his contemporaries for his important collection of shells.", "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher\u2019s design for a fountain presents an elaborate artistic fantasy with details drawn from mythology and the natural world. Two sea creatures, half-human and half-fish hybrids known as tritons, sit in a shell basin playing a pair of conchs. In the print, Gabriel Huquier transformed Boucher\u2019s rocky grotto into a shell niche featuring the head of the sea god, also called Triton. These designs, though fanciful, reflect a wider Enlightenment interest in the collection and study of shells. In fact, French naturalist Antoine-Joseph Dezallier d\u2019Argenville even opened his scientific treatise on shells, La Conchyliologie, with a related print by Boucher.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79911866"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.518-book-of-fountains-no", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.518-no-6-fountain-with-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u2013378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 367-368, fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Fonds Fran\u00e7ais 18eme siecle XI.457.576-582", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.518", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.518/1952.518_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "900", "filesize": "271132", "filename": "1952.518_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.518/1952.518_print.jpg", "width": "2192", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3274993", "filename": "1952.518_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.518/1952.518_full.tif", "width": "3744", "height": "5807", "filesize": "65256788", "filename": "1952.518_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-01-13T17:32:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.518/1952.518_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "893", "filesize": "470409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.518/1952.518_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2389", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6203930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.518/1952.518_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3666", "height": "5217", "filesize": "57408100"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Erich Lederer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130139, "creators": [{"id": 28347, "description": "Gabriel Huquier (French, 1695\u20131772)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1772", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 28347, "description": "Gabriel Huquier (French, 1695\u20131772)", "extent": "published by", "qualifier": null, "role": "publisher", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1772", "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1731, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1736", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:34.473000"}, {"id": 155431, "accession_number": "1990.16", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Great Master Yeongwoldang Eungjin (\uc601\uc6d4\ub2f9 \uc751\uc9c4 \ub300\uc120\uc0ac \uc9c4\uc601 (\u5f71\u6708\u5802\u61c9\u771e\u5927\u79aa\u5e2b\u771e\u5f71)), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll, ink, color and gold on silk; overall: 216.9 x 103.3 cm (85 3/8 x 40 11/16 in.); painting only: 114.4 x 79.2 cm (45 1/16 x 31 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1990.16", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of the Great Master Yeongwoldang Eungjin", "title_in_original_language": "\uc601\uc6d4\ub2f9 \uc751\uc9c4 \ub300\uc120\uc0ac \uc9c4\uc601 (\u5f71\u6708\u5802\u61c9\u771e\u5927\u79aa\u5e2b\u771e\u5f71)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "hanging scroll, ink, color and gold on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 216.9 x 103.3 cm (85 3/8 x 40 11/16 in.); Painting only: 114.4 x 79.2 cm (45 1/16 x 31 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.169, "width": 1.033}, "painting only": {"height": 1.144, "width": 0.792}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "Notable Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 21, 2014-July 21, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yanagi Fine Art Shop, Ky\u014dto, Japan, sold to he Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131990", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1990\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In East Asian Buddhist temples, portraits of Buddhist monks are housed in special dedicated halls as icons of spiritual ancestors to the community of Buddhist monks and nuns.", "description": "The monk in this portrait, identified by an inscription in a red cartouche at the upper right of this painting, is the Great Master Yeongwoldang Eungjin. Portraits of this type, painted following the death of an important Buddhist monk, are known as jinyeong. His elevated status is indicated by his fine monastic garments, the dragon-headed ceremonial fly whisk he holds in his left hand, and the Buddhist scripture in his right hand. The writing box on his desk, with brushes, ink stone, and water dropper, further emphasizes his prowess as a man of deep insight into the Buddhist teachings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476488"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.16-portrait-of-the-grea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Portrait Paintings in Korea [\ud55c\uad6d\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c]. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 131", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 244-245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portraits of the Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, So\u0306n-mi. Great Korean Portraits: Immortal Images of the Noble and the Brave. Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do: Dolbegae Publishers, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stiller, Maya. \"Specific Aspects and Functions of Korean Monk Portraits [\ud55c\uad6d \uace0\uc2b9\uc9c4\uc601\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uacfc \uae30\ub2a5].\" In Buddha in the Heart [\ub9c8\uc74c\uc774 \uace7 \ubd80\ucc98]. Kwangju Kwangyo\u0306ksi: Kungnip Kwangju Pangmulgwan [Gwangju National Museum], 2017.", "page_number": "pp. 236-245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Longhi, Leighton R. Leighton R. Longhi: Forty-Five Years in Asian Art. [New York, N.Y.]: Leighton R. Longhi, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, fig. 45", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.16", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.16/1990.16_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "893", "filesize": "123333", "filename": "1990.16_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.16/1990.16_print.jpg", "width": "2439", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1949702", "filename": "1990.16_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.16/1990.16_full.tif", "width": "5670", "height": "7901", "filesize": "134419332", "filename": "1990.16_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.16/1990.16_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "604", "height": "893", "filesize": "473475"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.16/1990.16_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1039", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1411196"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.16/1990.16_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1039", "height": "1536", "filesize": "4789652"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-31T19:29:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.16/1990.16_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "448", "height": "893", "filesize": "79335"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.16/1990.16_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1704", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1254748"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.16/1990.16_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3986", "height": "7951", "filesize": "95101428"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155431, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-04-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Monk"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:03.906000"}, {"id": 132048, "accession_number": "1954.603", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Irises (\u71d5\u5b50\u82b1\u56f3), 1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and color on gilded paper; painting (each): 154.4 x 360.4 cm (60 13/16 x 141 7/8 in.); mounted (each): 170.7 x 376.7 cm (67 3/16 x 148 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Norweb Foundation, 1954.603", "current_location": null, "title": "Irises", "title_in_original_language": "\u71d5\u5b50\u82b1\u56f3", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting (each): 154.4 x 360.4 cm (60 13/16 x 141 7/8 in.); Mounted (each): 170.7 x 376.7 cm (67 3/16 x 148 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting (each)": {"height": 1.544, "width": 3.604}, "mounted (each)": {"height": 1.707, "width": 3.767}, "panel (each)": {"height": 1.667, "width": 0.621}, "closed (each)": {"height": 1.708, "width": 0.645, "depth": 0.12}, "overall (each)": {"height": 1.667, "width": 3.726}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520190, "title": "A World of Flowers", "description": "A World of Flowers. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (May 2-June 9, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445392, "title": "Rimpa", "description": "Rimpa. Japan Society Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (September 13-November 13, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-09-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445251, "title": "Rin-pa", "description": "Rin-pa. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (October 10-December 3, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 224471, "title": "The Legacy of Japanese Art", "description": "The Legacy of Japanese Art. Chiba City Museum of Art (organizer) (October 1-November 10, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311658, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 7-July 8, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Special Loan Exhibition of Art treasures from Japan. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September-October 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Matsukata Sh\u014dsaku (1863-1945)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Howard Hollis and Co., Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The subject of this painting comes from a 10th-century text. It tells of a young nobleman\u2019s journey into the lonely countryside, far from the capital city of Heian-ky\u014d (Kyoto). There he came upon a small stream, the banks of which were covered with blooming irises, on which the artist has chosen to focus our attention. While viewing the beautiful flowers the nobleman composed a poem:
I have a beloved wife, Familiar as the skirt of a well-worn robe, And so this distant journeying Fills my heart with grief. ", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516503"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.603-irises"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Edgell, George Harold. Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan. [Tokyo, Japan]: [Sanseido Press], 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 91 A, B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cIrises by Watanabe Shik\u014d.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 4 (April 1955): 63\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 64\u201365; Mentioned: p. 66\u201367", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142032"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 924", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 86\u201387; cat. no. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n101/"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n402"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cIn Memoriam: Emery May Holden Norweb, 1895-1984.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 4 (April 1984): 130\u2013131.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 130\u2013131", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159859"}, {"citation": "Kanda, Christine Guth. \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d\u2019s Irises.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 7 (September 1984): 240\u2013251.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 240\u2013242, figs. 1\u20132", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159873"}, {"citation": "Chiba-shi Bijutsukan \u5343\u8449\u5e02\u7f8e\u8853\u9928. Shugyoku no Nihon bijutsu: Hosomi korekushon no zenbo\u0304 to Bosuton, Kuri\u0304burando, Sakkura\u0304 no wadaisaku : kaikan isshu\u0304nen kinen [\u73e0\u7389\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853 : \u7d30\u898b\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5168\u8c8c\u3068, \u30dc\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3, \u30af\u30ea-\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9, \u30b5\u30c3\u30af\u30e9-\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u4f5c : \u958b\u9928\u4e00\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5]. Chiba-shi: Chiba-shi Bijutsukan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184, cat. no. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 40\u201341", "url": null}, {"citation": "Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 122\u2013123, cat. no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \u201cTriumphant Returns: Treasured paintings on loan to Japanese museums and archaeological collections go back on display in Cleveland.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 1 (January/February 2019): 12-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 12; Mentioned: P. 12, 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-01/page/n5/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.603", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.603/1954.603_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "836", "filesize": "353156", "filename": "1954.603_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.603/1954.603_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3158", "filesize": "3733390", "filename": "1954.603_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.603/1954.603_full.tif", "width": "25482", "height": "23669", "filesize": "1809432524", "filename": "1954.603_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-03-31T13:40:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603/1954.603_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "426", "filesize": "153433"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603/1954.603_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1610", "filesize": "1318024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603/1954.603_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6526", "height": "3091", "filesize": "60541768"}}, {"date_created": "2009-03-31T14:18:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603/1954.603_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "846", "filesize": "427661"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603/1954.603_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3195", "filesize": "3367590"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603/1954.603_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6526", "height": "6132", "filesize": "120083552"}}], "creditline": "Gift of The Norweb Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132048, "creators": [{"id": 6037, "description": "Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e21\u8fba \u59cb\u8208", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-08-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-29 12:04:28.373000"}, {"id": 131336, "accession_number": "1954.127", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ivy Lane (\u8526\u306e\u7d30\u9053\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), 1700s. Fukae Rosh\u016b (Japanese, 1699\u20131757). Six-panel folding screen; ink and color on gilded paper; image: 133.1 x 267.6 cm (52 3/8 x 105 3/8 in.); overall: 136.5 x 271 cm (53 3/4 x 106 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.127", "current_location": null, "title": "Ivy Lane", "title_in_original_language": "\u8526\u306e\u7d30\u9053\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1757, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "six-panel folding screen; ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 133.1 x 267.6 cm (52 3/8 x 105 3/8 in.); Overall: 136.5 x 271 cm (53 3/4 x 106 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.331, "width": 2.676}, "overall": {"height": 1.365, "width": 2.71}, "closed": {"height": 1.356, "width": 0.463, "depth": 0.11}, "panel": {"height": 1.331, "width": 0.446}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "round, red seal (Ro-shu) at left.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 703620, "title": "Masterpieces of Asian Art in American Collections", "description": "Masterpieces of Asian Art in American Collections. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 373117, "title": "Early Rinpa (Japanese gallery rotation) 235", "description": "Early Rinpa (Japanese gallery rotation) 235. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 23, 2020-January 17, 2021).", "opening_date": "2020-10-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Human Image. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX (October 10-November 23, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masterpieces of Asian Art in American Collections. The Asia Society, New York, NY (spring 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship. Center for the Fine Arts, Miami, FL (January 12-April 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-01-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "T. Hara, Yokohama, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Howard Hollis and Co., Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131954", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In an episode from the tenth-century literary classic The Tales of Ise, a courtier happens upon a Buddhist priest on an ivy-covered pass on Mount Utsu, a Japanese homonym for \u201cMelancholy Mountain.\u201d He entrusts the priest with a letter to a former lover in the capital whom he laments he can no longer see, even in dreams. The Tales of Ise features poems set within a basic narrative of the journeys of a courtier in exile.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516452"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.127-ivy-lane"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"Rosh\u016b's 'Utsunoyama: The Pass through the Mountains.'\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 10 (December 1955): 201\u2013223.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 219; Reproduced: pp. 222\u2013223", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142084"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 922", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Human Image: A Commemorative Catalogue for the Opening of Cullinan Hall, October 10 Through November 23, 1958. Houston, Tex: Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 18, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sickman, L. C. S. Masterpieces of Asian Art in American Collections. New York: Asia Society, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: pp. 32\u201333", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. Tokyo: Makoto Nakao, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 83, p. 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n69"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n306"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n306"}, {"citation": "Masterpieces of Asian Art in American Collections II; An Offering of Treasures Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of Asia House Gallery. [New York]: Distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 18a, pp. 32\u201334", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 381", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n401"}, {"citation": "Van der Marck, Jan. In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship. Miami, Fla., U.S.A.: The Center, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 67, pp. 62\u201363, 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 222\u2013223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 126\u2013127, cat. no. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 44\u201345", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 245", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 126\u2013127, cat. no. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.127", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.127/1954.127_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "447", "filesize": "245299", "filename": "1954.127_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.127/1954.127_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1688", "filesize": "1700575", "filename": "1954.127_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.127/1954.127_full.tif", "width": "12837", "height": "6373", "filesize": "245462180", "filename": "1954.127_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-08-02T15:04:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "900", "filesize": "254308"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2298", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2402556"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4349", "height": "6434", "filesize": "83971676"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-02T17:06:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "610", "height": "900", "filesize": "287140"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2736980"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4362", "height": "6436", "filesize": "84250316"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-02T17:08:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "900", "filesize": "268166"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2301", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2368062"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.127/1954.127_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4347", "height": "6422", "filesize": "83777540"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131336, "creators": [{"id": 6026, "description": "Fukae Rosh\u016b (Japanese, 1699\u20131757)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6df1\u6c5f\u8606\u821f", "birth_year": "1699", "death_year": "1757", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-02-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tsuta-no-hosomichi: The Ivy Lane"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-03 13:35:08.750000"}, {"id": 142652, "accession_number": "1966.376", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cabbage and Beetle, mid-1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395) or earlier. Carved wood; overall: 13.9 cm (5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Purchase Fund, 1966.376", "current_location": null, "title": "Cabbage and Beetle", "creation_date": "mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395) or earlier"], "technique": "carved wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 13.9 cm (5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.139}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358325, "title": "Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan", "description": "Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (November 4-December 5, 1976); Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (January 13-March 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 30, 1999-April 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "1999-05-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Nagatani Inc., Chicago, IL, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Cord binds the cabbage loosely at the middle and goes through carved coins before ending in tassels.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. Imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship.
A superbly skilled carver created this small decorative object, reflecting scholarly taste of the period. This cabbage on a gnarled rock was carved from single piece of wood. There are openings between the stems, holes in leaves, and the rock it rests on. A beetle perches on one leaf which curves over the binding cord. The beetle was painted dark brown, while the cabbage and rock were finished overall with lighter tone.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80042554"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.376-cabbage-and-beetle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 347, no. 166", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Donald, and Robin Scribnick. Masterworks in Wood: China and Japan : [Exhibition] Portland Art Museum, November 4 Through December 5, 1976, Asia House Gallery, January 13 Through March 20, 1977. Portland, OR : Portland Art Museum, 1976.", "page_number": "cat. no. 25", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.376", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.376/1966.376_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "900", "filesize": "124929", "filename": "1966.376_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.376/1966.376_print.jpg", "width": "2600", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1345767", "filename": "1966.376_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.376/1966.376_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7846", "filesize": "141256772", "filename": "1966.376_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-10-02T09:52:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.376/1966.376_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "900", "filesize": "125324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.376/1966.376_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2609", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1327258"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.376/1966.376_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7818", "filesize": "140752672"}}], "creditline": "Sundry Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142652, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:27.721000"}, {"id": 146037, "accession_number": "1971.233", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Moon Viewing, from The Tale of Heike (\u5e73\u5bb6\u7269\u8a9e\u5dfb\u7b2c\u4e94\u3088\u308a\u6708\u898b\u56f3), 1700s. Yosa Buson (Japanese, 1716\u20131783). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; overall: 157.5 x 28.6 cm (62 x 11 1/4 in.); painting only: 111.3 x 27.1 cm (43 13/16 x 10 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Purchase Fund, 1971.233", "current_location": null, "title": "Moon Viewing, from The Tale of Heike", "title_in_original_language": "\u5e73\u5bb6\u7269\u8a9e\u5dfb\u7b2c\u4e94\u3088\u308a\u6708\u898b\u56f3", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1783, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 157.5 x 28.6 cm (62 x 11 1/4 in.); Painting only: 111.3 x 27.1 cm (43 13/16 x 10 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.575, "width": 0.286}, "painting only": {"height": 1.113, "width": 0.271}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Nara National Museum, Japan (2/21-3/29/98); Suntory Museum of Art, Tokyo (4/28-6/21/98) \"Highlights of Asian Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art\" p 138, cat. no. 90", "opening_date": "2021-08-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121); July 18 - October 26, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-07-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Nisaburo Mizutani, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Tale of the Heike is a great historical romance written around 1240.", "description": "Drawing from Japanese literature, Yosa Buson copied almost the entire text of the \u201cMoon Viewing\u201d episode from The Tale of the Heike, a story of the rise and fall of the Taira family. The two characters he painted were given nicknames based on 31-syllable waka poems they composed. Seen from behind at the top is Matsuyoi, or \u201cWaiting at Nightfall,\u201d while the person striding below is Mono ka wa Kurando, roughly equivalent to \u201c\u2018It\u2019s Nothing\u2019 Chamberlain.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471887"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.233-figures-with-calligr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138, no. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and So\u0306n Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 89-90, no. 88", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.233", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.233/1971.233_web.jpg", "width": "227", "height": "893", "filesize": "190633", "filename": "1971.233_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.233/1971.233_print.jpg", "width": "863", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2430384", "filename": "1971.233_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.233/1971.233_full.tif", "width": "1662", "height": "6546", "filesize": "32664300", "filename": "1971.233_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-12T17:36:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.233/1971.233_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "214", "height": "893", "filesize": "145342"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.233/1971.233_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "815", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2106781"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.233/1971.233_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1547", "height": "6448", "filesize": "29950488"}}], "creditline": "Sundry Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146037, "creators": [{"id": 6071, "description": "Yosa Buson (Japanese, 1716\u20131783)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u4e0e\u8b1d \u856a\u6751", "birth_year": "1716", "death_year": "1783", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figures with Calligraphy of a Passage from the \"Heike Monogatari\" (\"The Tales of Heike\")"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-02 20:06:03.311000"}, {"id": 149685, "accession_number": "1979.73", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Reverberations of Taiga (\u5927\u96c5\u9918\u97fb), mid-1700s\u20131802. Aoki Shukuya (Japanese, d. 1802). Set of two albums of 36 double-leaves each; ink, or ink and light color on paper; album, closed: 28.3 x 33 cm (11 1/8 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1979.73", "current_location": null, "title": "Reverberations of Taiga", "title_in_original_language": "\u5927\u96c5\u9918\u97fb", "creation_date": "mid-1700s\u20131802", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1802, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "set of two albums of 36 double-leaves each; ink, or ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Portfolio", "measurements": "Album, closed: 28.3 x 33 cm (11 1/8 x 13 in.)", "dimensions": {"album, closed": {"height": 0.283, "width": 0.33}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "Year in Review: 1979. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310041, "title": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia", "description": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-December 13, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131979", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1979\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Aoki Shukuya was a top student of painter Ike Taiga (1723\u20131776) and took responsibility for Taiga\u2019s stylistic legacy.", "description": "Traditionally, young painters in Japan began their studies with an established master painter. The master's compositions invariably became models that the apprentice copied to learn various ink and brush techniques. Shukuya was a pupil of the famous Kyoto artist Ike Taiga, whose style is reflected in these sketches of rocks, trees, and mountains.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474105"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.73-reverberations-of-ta"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1979.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 67, no. 3 (March 1980): 58\u201399.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 98; Reproduced: p. 88, no. 121", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Graham, Patricia J. \"Lifestyles of Scholar-Painters in Edo Japan.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 7 (1990): 262\u2013283.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: pp. 268\u2013269, 282", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161293"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.73", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.73/1979.73_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "694", "filesize": "289012", "filename": "1979.73_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.73/1979.73_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2622", "filesize": "4289700", "filename": "1979.73_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.73/1979.73_full.tif", "width": "8384", "height": "6465", "filesize": "162638300", "filename": "1979.73_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149685, "creators": [{"id": 35683, "description": "Aoki Shukuya (Japanese, d. 1802)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9752\u6728\u5919\u591c", "death_year": "1802", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1700s\u20131802", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Double Album of Landscape Studies after Ike Taiga"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-03 18:30:38.777000"}, {"id": 149891, "accession_number": "1980.13", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plum Blossoms and Peonies (\u6885\u82b1\u7261\u4e39\u5716), 1741. Gao Fenghan (Chinese, 1683\u20131749). Handscroll, ink on paper; image: 26 x 96.2 cm (10 1/4 x 37 7/8 in.); overall: 28.9 x 534.7 cm (11 3/8 x 210 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1980.13", "current_location": null, "title": "Plum Blossoms and Peonies", "title_in_original_language": "\u6885\u82b1\u7261\u4e39\u5716", "creation_date": "1741", "creation_date_earliest": 1741, "creation_date_latest": 1741, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "handscroll, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 26 x 96.2 cm (10 1/4 x 37 7/8 in.); Overall: 28.9 x 534.7 cm (11 3/8 x 210 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.26, "width": 0.962}, "overall": {"height": 0.289, "width": 5.347}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's 2 inscriptions and 9 seals (the painting of Peonies with the artist's colophon and the colophon by Hou Chia-fan are on a single sheet of paper).\r\n\r\nArtist's inscription and 2 seals (Plum Blossoms): [seal] Ts'ai-y\u00fcn. After finishing writing my colophon, I unrolled the painting to take another look, and it now seems that the composition here should have moved to the later part of the scroll. If that is the case, then the \"Cool Beauty\" [prunus] of the Solitary Hill is after all unable to take precedence over the \"King of Flowers\" [peony]. A laugh. Lao-fou inscribed. [seal] Feng-han.\r\n\r\nArtist's colophon (Plum Blossoms):\r\n[3 seals] Tun; Yen-y\u00fcn-kung-yang, Hou-shang-tso-sheng. A few days after I painted this scroll for Shui-\r\nhsien [Y\u00fceh Meng-y\u00fcan], the plum blossoms were in full bloom at his residence. He invited me over to enjoy them together for a long while, and I composed two additional poems and wrote them down here for his criticism. [Poems on the colophon are not translated.]\r\n\tFirst month, twenty-first day, your junior, Kao Feng-han of Nan-fou drafted this with the left hand. [seal] Feng-han.\r\n\r\nArtist's inscription and 4 seals (Peonies):\r\n\r\nBrushed with the left hand in the hsin-yu year [1741]. [seal] Yu-hsi. [3 seals at end of painting] Hou-shang-tso-sheng; Yen-y\u00fcn-kung-yang; Shih-tsao-wu.\r\n\r\nArtist's colophon and seal (Peonies):\r\n\r\nThe imperial concubine from the Yang family loved to dress in red,\r\nAnd from the emperor won the title of Hai-t'ang.\r\nBut ever since she became the new dream of the moon palace,\r\nShe changed into rainbow colors, while learning to dance.\r\n\r\nAfter I wrote the poem on Looking for Plum Blossoms in the Teng-wei Mountains, I attached to it a few branches of prunus, some bamboo tips and a piece of rock, with a scattering of green [moss] here and there to fill up the scroll. Unexpectedly, my playful fascination [with these subjects] was still not quite satisfied, so I made up these amorous ideas and romantic images [of the peony], to follow the footsteps of the fair lady of the Ku-hsieh Mountain [prunus]. Furthermore, I picked out one poem to be my vanguard. Perhaps such luminosity of wealth and power will be enough to overwhelm the poor fellows, and [they] will not mind the comparatively short length [of paper] assigned to it. Amusingly inscribed. Please correct me again.\r\n\tTo Shui-hsien, my learned senior, your junior Han inscribed again. [seal] Tso-hua [left-handed painting].\r\n\r\n1 additional colophon and 5 additional seals: 1 colophon, dated 1742, and 3 seals of Hou Chia-fan (act. ca. 1742); 1 seal of P'u Ch'\u00fcan (20th c.?); 1 seal of Li family (dates unknown).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "Year in Review: 1980. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 376407, "title": "Layers of Meaning: China\u2019s Flora and Fauna in Painting and on Porcelain", "description": "Layers of Meaning: China\u2019s Flora and Fauna in Painting and on Porcelain. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2020-June 6, 2021).", "opening_date": "2020-11-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10-April 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 28, 2014-January 7, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(James J. Freeman, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1980", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In East Asian art, peonies traditionally symbolize prosperity and wealth.", "description": "One of the so-called Yangzhou Eccentrics (a group of painters who lived in Yangzhou and were known for their unorthodox art and lifestyle), Gao Fenghan depicts China\u2019s two most loved flowers in full bloom\u2014the \u201ccold beauty,\u201d or plum blossom, in the first section, and the \u201cking of flowers,\u201d or peony, in the second section. Painted in 1741, the year when Gao decided to leave the south and return home to Shandong province in eastern China, this work was likely a token of farewell. His casual brushwork may indicate his mental and physical struggle at the time. After having crippled his right hand in 1737, Gao used his left hand to paint and achieved a crudeness and eccentric style unattainable before.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474338"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.13-plum-blossoms-and-pe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 266, pp. 362-364", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207; Mentioned: p. 218, no. 272", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.13", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.13/1980.13_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "48", "filesize": "46955", "filename": "1980.13_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.13/1980.13_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "180", "filesize": "269715", "filename": "1980.13_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.13/1980.13_full.tif", "width": "104090", "height": "5525", "filesize": "1725320452", 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1683\u20131749)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9ad8\u9cf3\u7ff0", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1749", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1741, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1741", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:03.237000"}, {"id": 120831, "accession_number": "1941.556", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1800. George Engleheart (British, 1752\u20131829). Watercolor on ivory, in a later gold, enamel, and diamond frame; framed: 8.7 x 7.4 cm (3 7/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 7.7 x 6.2 cm (3 1/16 x 2 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.556", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory, in a later gold, enamel, and diamond frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.7 x 7.4 cm (3 7/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 7.7 x 6.2 cm (3 1/16 x 2 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.087, "width": 0.074}, "unframed": {"height": 0.077, "width": 0.062}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335533, "title": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting", "description": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 18-March 19, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202) The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Benjamin Nathan, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Braided brown hair is glazed on the back of this miniature.", "description": "This work dates to around 1800, when George Engleheart was in the mature stage of his career. The sitter wears a blue coat with brass buttons over a yellow waistcoat and high white collar with ruffles. The initials W.A. on the back of the case probably identify the sitter, but Engleheart\u2019s fee book records only his sitter\u2019s surname in most instances, so it is impossible to determine if this portrait is among those numerous sitters with an A surname. The meticulous construction of the elaborate case and the nature of its components\u2014gold, enamel, and diamonds\u2014indicates that it is probably original. The gold initials on the bordered, blue enamel back are encircled with braided brown hair. The twenty-four brilliant-cut diamonds are genuine, though paste diamonds were becoming more widely available during this period. When this work entered Cleveland\u2019s collection in the 1940s, the cost of reproducing the frame was noted in curatorial records to be 20,000 to 25,000 francs, according to the dealer Leo Schidlof. It is the only miniature from the Greene collection whose setting was evaluated in such a way.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016481"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.556-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, no. 12; reproduced: pl. XVIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 286", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 62, pp. 242-243", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.556", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.556/1941.556_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "99144", "filename": "1941.556_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.556/1941.556_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1080046", "filename": "1941.556_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.556/1941.556_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022612", "filename": "1941.556_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-03T16:14:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "417224"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2481", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4768742"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3649", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54768300"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T18:22:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "454570"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2703", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5233931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3558", "height": "4476", "filesize": "47808480"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-11T16:28:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "96874"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1054411"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.556/1941.556_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022064"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120831, "creators": [{"id": 3709, "description": "George Engleheart (British, 1752\u20131829)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "George Engleheart was born in Kew to a German plaster modeler. Among his teachers were George Barret (1728/32\u2013 1784) and Joshua Reynolds (1723\u20131792), whose work Engleheart copied in miniature. One of Richard Cosway\u2019s (1742\u20131821) greatest rivals and stylistically the closest to his work, Engleheart worked primarily in London until retiring in 1813, after which date he painted few miniatures. Engleheart\u2019s miniatures have a more linear, labored manner than those of Cosway, whose painterly works were often left unfinished near the edges. Like Cosway, Engleheart often placed his figures against a background of sky. But the firm draftsmanship (especially in the hair), heavy brows, and the use of grays and blacks for shadows are distinctive to Engleheart, who was celebrated for his ability to capture a sitter\u2019s likeness closely. Engleheart\u2019s productivity is documented by the fee book he kept between 1775 and 1813, which records an astounding total of 4,853 miniatures. He exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1773 and 1812, and was miniature painter to King George III from 1789. There are three fine Engleheart miniatures in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art, all portraits of gentlemen dating near the turn of the century.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1829", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man in Blue Coat and Yellow Waistcoat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:21.977000"}, {"id": 143147, "accession_number": "1967.130.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of a Screaming Man (recto), 1792. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Black crayon; sheet: 32.3 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1967.130.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Head of a Screaming Man (recto)", "creation_date": "1792", "creation_date_earliest": 1787, "creation_date_latest": 1797, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "black crayon", "support_materials": [{"description": "light brown laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 18th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "width": 0.407}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310295, "title": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art", "description": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 1-July 22, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 191183, "title": "American Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "American Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 19-July 12, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-04-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sven Gahlin [1934-2017], London, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1967", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "American painter Benjamin West was born into poverty, the youngest of ten children, and rose to become the first American artist to train in Italy after gaining funding from wealthy patrons in Philadelphia.", "description": "Born in rural Pennsylvania, trained in Italy, and based in London for the entirety of his career, Benjamin West exemplifies the transatlantic character of colonial-era American art. In England, his success as a history painter propelled him to the position of court painter by 1772. West\u2019s study of the head of a screaming man, believed to be done in preparation for a now-lost painting commissioned by King George III (1738\u20131820), was likely not drawn from life. It was modeled on the ideas of French artist Charles LeBrun (1619\u20131690), whose lectures on depicting the passions of the soul were surely known to the academic West. Working out the facial expression of terror, West emphasized the musculature of the man\u2019s neck, jawline, and brow with thick, emphatic strokes. He employed light brown paper as a midtone and rubbed shadows beneath the man\u2019s chin and flying hair. The purpose of the drawing is not entirely understood. In Pharaoh and His Host Lost in the Red Sea, an oil sketch West likely executed prior to Cleveland\u2019s drawing, the dramatic twist of the pharaoh\u2019s screaming head strongly resembles that in Cleveland\u2019s sheet. However, a drawing in Boston believed to depict the lost painting indicates a composition quite different from West\u2019s oil sketch, leaving the role of this crayon study in the creation of the final painting uncertain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80043423"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.130.a-head-of-a-screaming"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 10 (1967): 302-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 345; Reproduced: p. 321, no. 127", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "\u201cAmerican Drawings from the Permanent Collection.\u201d Drawing 19, no. 4 (Summer 1998): 137\u201338.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foster, Carter E., \"Drawing Power\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 38 no. 04, April 1998", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-04/page/4"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 200-201, 295; Reproduced: P. 201, cat. no. 82", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.130.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130.a/1967.130.a_web.jpg", "width": "1117", "height": "893", "filesize": "918969", "filename": "1967.130.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130.a/1967.130.a_print.jpg", "width": "1922", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2761300", "filename": "1967.130.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130.a/1967.130.a_full.tif", "width": "1922", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8859828", "filename": "1967.130.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143147, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1787, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1792", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1967.130", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:55.907000"}, {"id": 145168, "accession_number": "1970.338", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mater Dolorosa (Mourning Mother), 1776. George Romney (British, 1734\u20131802). Brown ink, pen and wash, with graphite underdrawing; sheet: 50.1 x 29.3 cm (19 3/4 x 11 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1970.338", "current_location": null, "title": "Mater Dolorosa (Mourning Mother)", "creation_date": "1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1776, "creation_date_latest": 1776, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "brown ink, pen and wash, with graphite underdrawing", "support_materials": [{"description": "moderately textured, thick beige laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 50.1 x 29.3 cm (19 3/4 x 11 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.501, "width": 0.293}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, in brown ink, at upper center: No. 118; stamped, on verso, stamp of Alfred A. de Pass [L. 108a]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304539, "title": "Brush Drawings", "description": "Brush Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 3-May 10, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310295, "title": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art", "description": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 1-July 22, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alfred A. de Pass [1861-1953, L. 108a], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
His mark at lower right, in black ink.
"], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Paul Drey Gallery, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painting to which this drawing relates was never realized because an Old Master Italian canvas was donated and took its place in the chapel for which it was intended.", "description": "George Romney drew prolifically and his vivid spontaneity is most apparent in hundreds of bold studies rendered in a highly personalized style. This preparatory drawing was for an unrealized history painting intended to decorate the chapel of King\u2019s College, Cambridge. The simplified figure of the mourning Virgin was drawn with flowing lines and heavy ribbons of wash. Romney gave form to the mournful tone of his subject with descending lines that pool at the bottom of the composition. The Virgin\u2019s oversized, pleading hands further emphasize the pathos of his subject.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79923132"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.338-mater-dolorosa-mourn"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Recent Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October-December 1970.\" Art Quarterly 34, no. 2 (Summer 1971).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dixon, Yvonne Romney. \"Designs from Fancy\": George Romney's Shakespearean Drawings. Washington, DC: Folger Shakespeare Library, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 34-35, 148, no. 7; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd. Night Thoughts : Romantic Drawings from the Brandt Collection. London: Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd., 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.338", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.338/1970.338_web.jpg", "width": "528", "height": "893", "filesize": "346340", "filename": "1970.338_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.338/1970.338_print.jpg", "width": "2009", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5303208", "filename": "1970.338_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.338/1970.338_full.tif", "width": "3630", "height": "6142", "filesize": "66914360", "filename": "1970.338_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145168, "creators": [{"id": 1343, "description": "George Romney (British, 1734\u20131802)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1734", "death_year": "1802", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1776, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lady Macbeth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:16.170000"}, {"id": 156305, "accession_number": "1992.138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Poem on Plum (\ub9e4\ud654\uc2dc (\u6885\u82b1\u8a69)), 1700s\u20131800s. Copy after Yi Hwang (Korean, 1501\u20131570). Hanging scroll; ink on paper; overall: 115 x 68.2 cm (45 1/4 x 26 7/8 in.); painting only: 46 x 52.7 cm (18 1/8 x 20 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, M.D., 1992.138", "current_location": null, "title": "Poem on Plum", "title_in_original_language": "\ub9e4\ud654\uc2dc (\u6885\u82b1\u8a69)", "creation_date": "1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Calligraphy", "measurements": "Overall: 115 x 68.2 cm (45 1/4 x 26 7/8 in.); Painting only: 46 x 52.7 cm (18 1/8 x 20 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.15, "width": 0.682}, "painting only": {"height": 0.46, "width": 0.527}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311486, "title": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary", "description": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 187197, "title": "Object in Focus: Poem by Yi Hwang", "description": "Object in Focus: Poem by Yi Hwang. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 5-December 5, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 290449, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 13-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131992", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1992\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Yi Hwang, the author of this calligraphy, composed more than 100 poems on plum blossoms.", "description": "For Yi Hwang, a celebrated scholar and poet in 16th-century Korea, writing poems was an escape from partisan politics. Because its flowers often bloom in the middle of winter, Joseon period Korean scholars like Yi found plum blossoms a perfect subject to express the value of endurance and self-cultivation. In his numerous poems, Yi used plum blossom imagery to express his feelings. The poem on this hanging scroll reads: \u201cWishing to fly away, red leaves left the mountain villa. Their large sleeves are frosted due to blue clouds. The clouds in the sky look upright, which are beyond human beings\u2019 ability. The plum tree whispered to me that [the leaves] fell from the wind and landed on the fence.\u201d The mountain villa in this poem may refer to the Dosan Academy, a Confucian school that Yi established after his retirement, and the red leaves of the plum blossom are probably Yi\u2019s poetic personification.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79945444"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1992.138-poem-on-plum"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 2 (February 1993): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen, Virginia Moon, and In-su Cho. Beyond Line: The Art of Korean Writing. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Munich; New York: DelMonico Books\u00b7Prestel, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.138", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.138/1992.138_web.jpg", "width": "1046", "height": "893", "filesize": "751163", "filename": "1992.138_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.138/1992.138_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2904", "filesize": "7360300", "filename": "1992.138_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.138/1992.138_full.tif", "width": "4796", "height": "4096", "filesize": "58966560", "filename": "1992.138_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-01-14T16:10:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1992.138/1992.138_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1188", "height": "893", "filesize": "863952"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1992.138/1992.138_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2555", "filesize": "5931513"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1992.138/1992.138_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3757", "filesize": "56380508"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1992.138/1992.138_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "571", "height": "893", "filesize": "323718"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1992.138/1992.138_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2173", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4990867"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1992.138/1992.138_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3196", "height": "5000", "filesize": "47963156"}}], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, M.D.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156305, "creators": [{"id": 21268, "description": "Yi Hwang (Korean, 1501\u20131570)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "copy after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1501", "death_year": "1570", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1992-10-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s\u20131800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:28.600000"}, {"id": 170140, "accession_number": "2012.35", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Waterfall between Chiavenna and Mount Spl\u00fcgen, 1784. Francis Towne (British, 1739/40\u20131816). Watercolor with graphite, point of brushwork, and selective glazing ; sheet: 47.3 x 56.8 cm (18 5/8 x 22 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. 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On the journey back to England, he traveled over the Alps, visiting the Italian Lakes, crossing over the Spl\u00fcgen Pass into Switzerland, finally arriving in Geneva. His distinctive style, characterized by an austere simplicity of vision, found its fullest expression in his Alpine views, described by one scholar as \"unquestionably among the greatest by any 18th-century artist of mountain scenery.\" Against the earth tones of the brooding cliffs, the crash of the waterfall is like a white explosion.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80078374"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.35-waterfall-between-ch"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Opp\u00e9, A. P. \"Francis Towne, Landscape Painter.\" Walpole Society 8 (1920).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exhibition of Works from the Paul Oppe\u0301 Collection; English Watercolours and Old Master Drawings. Exh. Cat. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170140, "creators": [{"id": 57008, "description": "Francis Towne (British, 1739/40\u20131816)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1739", "death_year": "1816", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1784, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1784", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:57.010000"}, {"id": 123530, "accession_number": "1944.126.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Firedog, c. 1785. France, 18th century. Gilt bronze; overall: 50.3 x 46.3 x 14 cm (19 13/16 x 18 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.126.1", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Firedog", "creation_date": "c. 1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 50.3 x 46.3 x 14 cm (19 13/16 x 18 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.503, "width": 0.463, "depth": 0.14}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223229, "title": "Jefferson in Paris: Fashion on the Eve of the French Revolution", "description": "Jefferson in Paris: Fashion on the Eve of the French Revolution. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 5, 2002-January 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1, 2023-January 28, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio (10/5/2002 - 1/5/2003), \"Jefferson in Paris: Fashion on the Eve of the French Revolution\"", "opening_date": "2002-10-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marquis of Hertford, Paris; Mrs. Francis F. Prentiss, Cleveland Heights, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["44.126"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Although Louis Jean Desprez\u2019s design was largely inspired by tombs in southern Italy, he added sphinxes in his print Tomb with Sphinx due to his fascination with ancient Egypt. Ancient Egyptians saw the sphinx, a half-human, half-lion mythological creature, as a protector of tombs and temples. The pair of andirons, decorative supports for a hearth\u2019s firewood, alongside Tomb with Sphinx, highlight the growing interest in Egyptomania during the 1700s. Interestingly, the andirons portray ancient Greek and Roman interpretations of the sphinx. Most Europeans learned of ancient Egypt by studying Egyptomania in ancient Roman and Greek art and architecture or Egyptian antiquities brought over by the Romans.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779669"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.126.1-andiron-chenet", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.126.1-firedog"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Prentiss, Elisabeth Severance, and Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection; Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944. Published as: Pair of Firedogs, chenets", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61; Reproduced: Plate XXVIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n63"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n181"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n181"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n209"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.126.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "510691", "filename": "1944.126.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3140", "filesize": "6371579", "filename": "1944.126.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_full.tif", "width": "4645", "height": "4290", "filesize": "59820232", "filename": "1944.126.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-12-11T20:28:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "997", "height": "893", "filesize": "492494"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3046", "filesize": "5919237"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4716", "height": "4225", "filesize": "59813068"}}, {"date_created": "2007-12-11T19:48:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "893", "filesize": "243905"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2101", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3799200"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2677", "height": "4332", "filesize": "34826316"}}, {"date_created": "2007-12-11T20:04:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "566", "height": "893", "filesize": "253088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2155", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3887167"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.126.1/1944.126.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2729", "height": "4305", "filesize": "35281204"}}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 123530, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1944.126", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fire Dog"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:01.252000"}, {"id": 129801, "accession_number": "1952.235", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Sacrifice of Isaac, Tobias and the Angel, The Angels Appearing to Abraham, Abraham Welcoming the Three Angels (painting series), 1750s. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 71 x 90.5 x 5.5 cm (27 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1952.235", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "The Sacrifice of Isaac, Tobias and the Angel, The Angels Appearing to Abraham, Abraham Welcoming the Three Angels (painting series)", "creation_date": "1750s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 71 x 90.5 x 5.5 cm (27 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 56.5 x 75.5 cm (22 1/4 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.71, "width": 0.905, "depth": 0.055}, "unframed": {"height": 0.565, "width": 0.755}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "The Allure ofLa Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "For individual provenance history for each painting in the series, refer to component records.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This series of paintings predominantly tells the Old Testament story of Abraham and Isaac, and each of the canvases treats the interaction of humans and angels. In three works, angels appear to Abraham and, in one particularly dramatic canvas, an angel intercepts Abraham before he sacrifices his own son. Like another work in this series, Tobias and the Angels, the Sacrifice of Isaac is a narrative about fathers and sons as well as obedience inspired by faith.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515992"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. L'Arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender, editore, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 34-35, n. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"Conclusioni su Antonio e Francesco Guardi.\" Emporium CXIV (November 1951): 194-219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 201, figs. 7-8; Mentioned: P. 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"Una mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit.\" Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte VII (1953): 49-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"A Signed Drawing by Antonio Guardi and the Problem of the Guardi Brothers.\" The Burlington Magazine 95, no. 605 (August 1953): 260-67.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 267, figs. 27, 29", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/871221"}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. The Eighteenth Century Italian Schools. London, United Kingdom: Publications Dept., National Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy \"Four Paintings by Giovanni Antonio Guardi.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no.9 (November, 1957): 198-203.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.200-201", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142240"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 429", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"Pellegrini e Guardi.\" Emporium CXXVIII, no. 767 (November 1958): 195-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 205, 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Francis J. B. \"A Series of Turqueries by Francesco Guardi.\" News XXIV (Fall 1961): 3-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valcanover, Francesco. G. Guardi; le storie di Tobiolo nella chiesa di S. Raffaele Arcangelo in Venezia. Milano: Arti Grafiche Ricordi, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp.pl. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zampetti, Pietro. Mostra dei Guardi; catalogo della Mostra. Venezia, Italy: Edizioni Alfieri, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heinemann, Fritz. \"Mostra Dei Guardi : Ausstellung in Venedig, Juni Bis September 1965.\" Kunstchronik / Hrsg. Vom Zentralinstitut Fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte 18 (1965): 223-246.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. \"Note alla Mostra dei Guardi,\" Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte XIX (1965): 215-237.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145-146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Rossacher, Kurt. Visionen des Barock: Entwu\u0308rfe aus der Sammlung Kurt Rossacher : Ausstellung in der Residenzgalerie Salzburg vom 28. Mai bis 31. August 1966 (Meisterwerke aus o\u0308sterr. Privatbesitz I). Salzburg, Austria: Residenzgalerie Salzburg, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145-146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97-98, 255-256, 265, 574", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. Guardi. Antonio e Francesco Guardi. Venezia: Alfieri, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, P. 83, P. 109, nos. 11-14; Reproduced: Vol. II, figs., 6-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rossi Bortolatto, Luigina. L'opera completa di Francesco Guardi. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann T., Rudiger Klessmann, and Louise S. Richards. Johann Liss: Ausstellung unter dem Protektorat der Pra\u0308sidentin des Deutschen Bundestages Frau Annemarie Renger und des International Council of Museums (ICOM), Augsburg, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 116, n. 6; P. 176, no. E97; Reproduced: fig. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Martini, Egidio. La pittura del settecento veneto. Udine, Italy: Istituto per L'enciclopedi del Friuli Venezia Giulia, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 398, fig. 278", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 360-363", "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Hardy. La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art from North American Collections. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma City Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, no. 8", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.235", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235/1952.235_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "664", "filesize": "181261", "filename": "1952.235_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235/1952.235_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2510", "filesize": "2348836", "filename": "1952.235_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.235/1952.235_full.tif", "width": "5301", "height": "3914", "filesize": "62271096", "filename": "1952.235_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 129801, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:29.929000"}, {"id": 120850, "accession_number": "1941.572", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Charlotte Bertie, n\u00e9e Warren, 4th Countess of Abingdon, 1778. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; sheet: 8.5 x 7.5 cm (3 3/8 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 5.8 x 4.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.572", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Charlotte Bertie, n\u00e9e Warren, 4th Countess of Abingdon", "creation_date": "1778", "creation_date_earliest": 1778, "creation_date_latest": 1778, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Sheet: 8.5 x 7.5 cm (3 3/8 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 5.8 x 4.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.085, "width": 0.075}, "unframed": {"height": 0.058, "width": 0.048}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on verso of paper to top in brown ink: [L]ady Abingto[n] 1778; inscribed at bottom of verso in graphite: J Smart / Lady Abington", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 10?)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory, and they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. G. C. Williamson was the first to suggest that Smart\u2019s sketches were well known and that they were preparatory studies for the painted miniatures. Williamson listed the names of sitters from the sketches known to him at the time, and they included Lady Abingdon. Here, Lady Abingdon\u2019s head and shoulders face right. Her brown hair is dressed high on her head, and a strand of pearls is woven through the left side of her coiffure. A veil descends from the top of her head, past her shoulders. She has gray eyes. Compared to his contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u20131829) and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837), whose female sitters were often painted in similar simple white gowns, Smart often lavished more attention on the costumes in his portraits of women, whose dresses incorporated colored silks, printed fabrics, and luxury trimmings like lace and fur. Thus, Lady Abingdon wears a low-necked, pink dress trimmed with ermine and strands of pearls. The background is unpainted. The removal of the paper backing revealed an inscription in brown ink, written in Smart\u2019s hand, dating the work and verifying the identity of the sitter as Lady Abingdon. Lady Abingdon (d. 1799) was the daughter of Admiral Sir Peter Warren, K.B., M.P. She married Willoughby Bertie, 4th Earl of Abingdon, in 1768. They had six children, two of whom died very young. It is for Lady Abingdon that Abingdon Square in New York City is named, courtesy of her father, who had purchased 300 acres of land in Greenwich Village in 1744. Her husband\u2019s famous protestations against the British government\u2019s treatment of America during the War for Independence ensured that even in 1794, when the New York city council was rooting out British names from public streets and spaces, the name of Abingdon Square was retained. The family was painted by some of the great artists of the day, including Nathaniel Dance-Holland (1735\u20131811) and John Francis Rigaud (1742\u20131810). The formal portrait of 1769 by Dance-Holland, in which Lady Abingdon is depicted in coronation robes and holding her peeress\u2019s coronet, conveys the pomp and tradition expected from a marriage portrait of a powerful peer. But even Smart\u2019s miniature portrait sketch of almost a decade later maintains some of this grandeur, depicting the countess with aristocratic bearing and wearing the rich ermine-trimmed gown to which her station entitled her. A miniature on ivory corresponds to this preparatory sketch, although it is dated 1777, suggesting that the sketch may have been executed the following year in preparation for a second version of the portrait. There are slight differences in the details of the dress, particularly the left sleeve\u2014which has been lengthened\u2014and a slight reduction in pearl and ermine trim. The portrait on ivory also has somewhat more softness in the facial features, but many of the details, including the veil and the lock of hair on the right shoulder, are extremely similar. The miniature\u2019s current location is unknown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016516"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.572-portrait-of-charlott"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "lot 10?", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Comstack, Helen. \u201cThe Edward B. Greene Collection of Miniatures.\u201d Connoisseur 128 (October 1951).", "page_number": "p. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 40, pl. XIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 45, pp. 186-188", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.572", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.572/1941.572_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "136099", "filename": "1941.572_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.572/1941.572_print.jpg", "width": "2763", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1892652", "filename": "1941.572_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.572/1941.572_full.tif", "width": "4496", "height": "5531", "filesize": "74624372", "filename": "1941.572_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T17:19:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "490988"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2648", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6765420"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2802", "height": "3598", "filesize": "30278660"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T17:22:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "893", "filesize": "624996"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3032", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9448322"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3461", "height": "3880", "filesize": "40317120"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T17:23:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "496668"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2785", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6925300"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3006", "height": "3670", "filesize": "33129224"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T17:07:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "893", "filesize": "610481"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3013", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8508638"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3444", "height": "3886", "filesize": "40178192"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T19:58:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "893", "filesize": "120278"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2748", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1803717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4398", "height": "5440", "filesize": "71797620"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:11:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "125684"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1775970"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.572/1941.572_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022084"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120850, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1778, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1778", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:15.480000"}, {"id": 128815, "accession_number": "1951.437", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Constantine Phipps, 1770. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in a later gold and woven hair bracelet; framed: 4.6 x 4.1 cm (1 13/16 x 1 5/8 in.); unframed: 3.8 x 3.2 cm (1 1/2 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1951.437", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Constantine Phipps", "creation_date": "1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a later gold and woven hair bracelet", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 4.6 x 4.1 cm (1 13/16 x 1 5/8 in.); Unframed: 3.8 x 3.2 cm (1 1/2 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.046, "width": 0.041}, "unframed": {"height": 0.038, "width": 0.032}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left: J.S. / 1770.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Constantine Phipps, commissioned from the artist, by inheritance, passed within the Phipps family, to his great-granddaughter Elizabeth Clarissa Emilie Toker", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1770-1838", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Elizabeth Clarissa Emilie Toker", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1838", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1951-1951", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature is mounted to a bracelet that was made at least 50 years later.", "description": "John Smart painted the British gentleman Constantine Phipps (1746\u20131797) at the age of twenty-four, executing this portrait in 1770, the year following the death of the sitter\u2019s father, Constantine Phipps (1710?\u20131769), and preceding his marriage to Elizabeth Tierney (d. 1832). Phipps the younger was the second son of a landowner and lived throughout England and France. In 1788 he moved his family to Caen, Normandy, hoping to educate his ten (eventually thirteen) children more economically. Phipps and his wife returned to England in 1792 to attend their daughter\u2019s wedding. The escalating conflict between France and England prevented Phipps from returning to France where he had left eight children behind. Unfortunately, he did not see them before his death five years later. The portrait represents Phipps\u2019s nearly full face. He has light brown eyes and natural brown hair worn en queue. He wears a green coat with a small collar, a white waistcoat embroidered with gold, and a high, white stock collar. Phipps is depicted against an olive-gray background. This early work by Smart already exhibits hallmarks of the artist\u2019s style, such as the plain, gray background, the sitter\u2019s colorful clothing, and his expressive eyes and slightly upturned mouth, which suggest that Phipps was a self-assured man with a sense of humor. The small format is also characteristic of the first decade of Smart\u2019s career. This miniature is mounted in an elaborately carved gold frame on a bracelet made of gold and woven light brown human hair. The bracelet was executed later than the miniature and is in the style of the 1830s or 1840s. The inscription on the clasp reads \u201cE. C. E. T. / Nov.r 29th 1838, aged 7\u201d and may indicate that this bracelet was given to Constantine\u2019s great-granddaughter Elizabeth Clarissa Emilie Toker (1831\u20131888) on her seventh birthday possibly by her mother or grandmother. There is a variant of this work in the Phipps collection in London. Painted in 1771, this miniature descended from Colonel Pownoll Phipps, the seventh child of Constantine Phipps, to John Constantine Phipps.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79909292"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.437-portrait-of-constant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "p. 30, no. 33, pl. VIII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise H. \u201cPortrait Miniatures.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 41, no. 2 (1954).", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141936"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 304", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 28, pp. 140-142", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.437", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.437/1951.437_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "841", "filesize": "186947", "filename": "1951.437_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.437/1951.437_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2263", "filesize": "973005", "filename": "1951.437_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.437/1951.437_full.tif", "width": "7210", "height": "4799", "filesize": "103824472", "filename": "1951.437_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-05-24T12:47:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1140", "height": "893", "filesize": "582645"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2664", "filesize": "4250844"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4944", "height": "3874", "filesize": "57482052"}}, {"date_created": "2007-12-18T19:07:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "840", "filesize": "758029"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3397", "height": "2259", "filesize": "4994861"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3397", "height": "2259", "filesize": "23057272"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T13:34:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "867", "filesize": "724114"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3240", "height": "2225", "filesize": "3940228"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3240", "height": "2225", "filesize": "21657748"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T13:29:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "120377"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1410999"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022064"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T13:51:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "837", "filesize": "122387"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2253", "filesize": "681537"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.437/1951.437_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5403", "height": "3581", "filesize": "58068096"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128815, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:37.281000"}, {"id": 139745, "accession_number": "1963.514", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase, 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain with decoration in colored fa-lang enamels, Guyuexuan ware; overall: 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1963.514", "current_location": null, "title": "Vase", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "Porcelain with decoration in colored fa-lang enamels, Guyuexuan ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.4 cm (6 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.154}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "The Porcelain Connection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.T. Tai, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131963", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The child in orange has a bun above his ear, while the rest of his head is clean-shaven, like the other children\u2019s.", "description": "The four-character mark on the base of this vase indicates that it was made in Jingdezhen and then sent to Beijing to be decorated in the imperial workshops by painters who were trained in using Western perspective and shading.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80037122"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.514-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50, no. 10 (1963): pp. 263-94.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286, fig. 81", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "\"Oriental Art Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1963.\" Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America 18 (1964): pp. 69-91.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, fig. 13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067074"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 271", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n295"}, {"citation": "Childcraft Annual: An Annual Supplement to 'Childcraft: the How and Why Library.\" Chicago: Field enterprises Educational Corporation, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 271", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n295"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 360", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n380"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.514", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.514/1963.514_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "900", "filesize": "172492", "filename": "1963.514_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.514/1963.514_print.jpg", "width": "2502", "height": "3400", "filesize": "980680", "filename": "1963.514_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.514/1963.514_full.tif", "width": "6268", "height": "8517", "filesize": "160181444", "filename": "1963.514_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-08-30T14:31:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.514/1963.514_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "518", "height": "893", "filesize": "223385"}, 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"width": "3400", "height": "2786", "filesize": "1088427"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.514/1963.514_alt7_full.tif", "width": "5409", "height": "4432", "filesize": "71946512"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-13T17:46:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.514/1963.514_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "739", "filesize": "208657"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.514/1963.514_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2792", "filesize": "1401779"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.514/1963.514_alt8_full.tif", "width": "5409", "height": "4441", "filesize": "72092668"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "28801fa712e746c9ad84e2e7d7cc6e06", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/28801fa712e746c9ad84e2e7d7cc6e06", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139745, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vase: Ku Y\u00fceh Hs\u00fcan Ware", "Vase: Guyuexuan Ware"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:11.637000"}, {"id": 153738, "accession_number": "1987.42", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tray for Sewing Tools with Mother-of-Pearl Inlay (\ub098\uc804 \uce60\uae30 \ubc18\uc9c7\uadf8\ub987 (\u87ba\u923f\u6f06\u5668\u7bb1\u5b50)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Lacquer with mother-of-pearl inlay; diameter: 33.1 cm (13 1/16 in.); overall: 9.6 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 1987.42", "current_location": null, "title": "Tray for Sewing Tools with Mother-of-Pearl Inlay", "title_in_original_language": "\ub098\uc804 \uce60\uae30 \ubc18\uc9c7\uadf8\ub987 (\u87ba\u923f\u6f06\u5668\u7bb1\u5b50)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "lacquer with mother-of-pearl inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Diameter: 33.1 cm (13 1/16 in.); Overall: 9.6 cm (3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.331}, "overall": {"height": 0.096}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "The Year in Review for 1987. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 373312, "title": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea", "description": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 7-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Masaaki Yoshida, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1987", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many thin layers of lacquer were applied to the tray's leather core. The design was cut into the dry lacquer and then the mother-of-pearl was inserted.", "description": "This mother-of-pearl lacquer tray is decorated with various scenes of animals interacting with their natural surroundings. Its flat circular base depicts a pond where a leaping carp and a small school of fish swim below the boughs of a cherry tree. The tray\u2019s exterior wall is densely decorated with various animals paired with plants symbolizing wishful thoughts of longevity, marital happiness, and prosperity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939933"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.42-tray-for-sewing-tool"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 2 (February 1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 71, no. 197", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "Hwang, Ji-hyeon and Sadamu Kawada. Korean Lacquerware Inlaid with Mother-of-Pearl: the Everlasting Beauty. Seoul: National Museum of Korea: 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Korean Lacquer Art: Aesthetic Perfection, Munich: Hirmer Publishers, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"Stitches empowered: Korean embroidery arts form the Joseon Dynasty\" Orientations 51, no. 1 (2020): 60-67.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 232-233, no. 128", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.42", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.42/1987.42_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "701", "filesize": "91033", "filename": "1987.42_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.42/1987.42_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1888", "filesize": "492342", "filename": "1987.42_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.42/1987.42_full.tif", "width": "5615", "height": "3118", "filesize": "52549192", "filename": "1987.42_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-19T12:54:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "680", "filesize": "88662"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1830", "filesize": "504899"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5766", "height": "3104", "filesize": "53719524"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-19T13:00:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "694", "filesize": "84755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1867", "filesize": "478775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5812", "height": "3192", "filesize": "55681436"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-19T13:05:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "682", "filesize": "84827"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1836", "filesize": "489213"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5959", "height": "3219", "filesize": "57573960"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-18T19:51:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "969", "height": "893", "filesize": "122027"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3134", "filesize": "1102916"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4874", "height": "4493", "filesize": "65724400"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-19T13:14:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1017", "height": "893", "filesize": "82961"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2986", "filesize": "1042772"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1987.42/1987.42_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5091", "height": "4472", "filesize": "68329848"}}], "creditline": "Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153738, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Box with Fish and Animal Design"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 20:30:34.095000"}, {"id": 149663, "accession_number": "1979.55", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fountain of Venus, 1756. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 246 x 228.5 x 6.5 cm (96 7/8 x 89 15/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 233 x 215 cm (91 3/4 x 84 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection, 1979.55", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Fountain of Venus", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 246 x 228.5 x 6.5 cm (96 7/8 x 89 15/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 233 x 215 cm (91 3/4 x 84 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.46, "width": 2.285, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 2.33, "width": 2.15}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"F Boucher / 1756\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "Year in Review: 1979. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177314, "title": "America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting", "description": "America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (May 21-August 20, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-05-21T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Edmond de Rothschild [1845-1934], Paris, by descent to his son, Maurice de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The provenance of the Boucher painting prior to Baron Edmond de Rothschild, who likely acquired it in the late nineteenth century, is unknown. The painting does not appear in Ananoff\u2019s catalogue raisonn\u00e9, L\u2019opera completa di Boucher (1980), nor was it published in any monographs, exhibition catalogues, or other art historical literature prior to CMA\u2019s acquisition in 1979. The reason for this absence of a publication history is unclear, as the Ananoff/Wildenstein Fran\u00e7ois Boucher catalogue of 1976 does include a number of other Boucher paintings in Edmond\u2019s collection \u2013 so his possession of several works by Boucher was certainly known.
"], "date": "Until 1934", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Maurice de Rothschild [1881-1957], Paris, confiscated by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Maurice\u2019s collection, housed in his Paris mansion, was seized by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg on September 6, 1940.
"], "date": "1934-1940", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "In possession of the Nazis", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The Boucher was confiscated from Maurice\u2019s collection in Paris in early September 1940 by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg. The painting, titled in ERR records \u201cBrunnendekoration mit Quellnymphe\u201d [\u201cFountain decoration with nymph at a spring\u201d], was taken to the Jeu de Paume and assigned ERR no. 252. The painting appears on the List of Confiscated Works of Art, Primarily from the Rothschild Collections, Selected for Hitler, February 1941 as No. 19: \u201cBoucher, Nymph at the Spring\u201d (ERR-Interrogation Reports (carbon copy). Subject Files. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (The Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. M1944, roll 85, page 23, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/301074995, retrieved June 15, 2016). On February 5, 1941, Hitler selected the Boucher for the Linz collection from among the works exhibited at the Jeu de Paume; the painting was designated Linz no. 1583. Hitler\u2019s selection was then shipped on February 8, 1941 to the F\u00fchrerbau in Munich on Goering\u2019s special train; on the list documenting Der Kisten der f\u00fcr den F\u00fchrer bestimmten Gem\u00e4lde (the crates of paintings selected for the F\u00fchrer), the Boucher is No. 19, \u201cBrunnendekoration mit Quellnymphe (aus Sammlung Rothschild R 252).\u201d A pencil notation, \u201cKonnten nicht verladen warden\u201d is written in next to the Cleveland Boucher and next to Boucher\u2019s Portrait of Madame Pompadour, also confiscated from Rothschild (R 251) (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR): List Of Art Treasures Taken By Hitler. Restitution Research Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 124, page 25, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/283750835, retrieved June 15, 2016). This notation translates to \u201ccould not be loaded\u201d and refers to the fact that the two Bouchers, as well as four tapestries, all from the Rothschild collection, were too large to be accommodated on the train and were instead sent to F\u00fcssen (Einsatzstab Rosenberg. Subject files. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (The Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. M1946, roll 85, page 127, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/283750835, retrieved July 11, 2013). A document listing Des caisses de tableaux pour le F\u00fchrer, 8.2.1941 indicates that Caisse no. H3, containing both R 251 and R 252, was \u201cmanquante,\u201d or \u201cmissing,\u201d a status that likely stems from the paintings\u2019 absence from the main shipment to the F\u00fchrerbau (7d 4 1945 [2 of 2]. General Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): OMGUS Headquarters Records, 1938-1951. Record Group 260. M1941, roll 14, page 94, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/291863414/, retrieved June 21, 2016). Another document, however, says that the statement that these six works were sent to F\u00fcssen is erroneous, claiming instead that these items (Linz nos. 1582-1587) were in fact received at the F\u00fchrerbau on March 20, 1941, two weeks after the main shipment arrived on Goering\u2019s train (Linz Museum: Consolidated Interrogation Report (CIR) No. 4. Restitution Research Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 139, page 70, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/283755480, retrieved July 25, 2013). In 1944 most of the F\u00fchrerbau shipment was transferred to Alt Aussee (Oss Report Einsatzstab Rosenberg 15 Aug 1945. Subject files. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (The Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. M1944, roll 85, page 28, Fold3.com, (https://www.fold3.com/image/301075111, retrieved June 15, 2016). The Boucher, however, was instead shipped to Kremsm\u00fcnster on October 17, 1944 (C. I. R. # 4 - Linz; Hitler's Museum And Library. Consolidated Interrogation Reports. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (The Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. M1944, roll 94, page 70, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/270236794, retrieved June 29, 2016). The List of the large-sized paintings transferred from Kremsm\u00fcnster to the repository Th\u00fcrntal (LF V I5/569) contains \u201cK-no. 3/Linz no. 1583, Boucher, Wall-decoration with nymphs, canvas, signed, 267 x 220,\u201d documenting the painting\u2019s presence at Kremsm\u00fcnster and subsequent transfer to Th\u00fcrntal (Th\u00fcrntal and Linz Items, Otto Demus. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725253. M1946, roll 13, page 11, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/270333544, retrieved June 23, 2015). The contents of the repository of Castle Th\u00fcrntal included objects selected for Linz that were too large to be brought into the salt mine at Alt Aussee, large objects from the collections of Alphons and Louis von Rothschild, and large objects that had been stored at Kremsm\u00fcnster and Hohenfurth (Repositories, correspondence: Austria. Records Relating To The Status Of Monuments, Museums, And Archives. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 98, page 5, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/269978331, retrieved June 15, 2016).The Verzeichnis der 100 in Th\u00fcrntal verwahrt gewesenen Bilder lists \u201cK-nr. 3, Boucher. Brunnendekoration mit Quellnymphen, 267 x 220.\u201d (Austria claims: memoranda. Restitution Claim Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 35, page 93, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/269944307, retrieved Oct. 30, 2014). Additionally, the list of the contents of Wagen No. 36, 26, 27 aus Kremsm\u00fcnster jetzt Th\u00fcrntal shows that Wagen nr. 27 contained K nr. 3, with a notation to the left of the \u201c3\u201d that says \u201cWien\" (Austria Claims: Memoranda. Restitution Claim Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 35, page 100, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/269944340, retrieved June 27, 2013). A letter from Otto Demus, president of the Bundesdenkmalamt (Federal Monuments Office, Austria), to Lane Faison, director of the Munich Central Collecting Point, of June 2, 1951 regarding the \u201c100 Bilder Th\u00fcrntal Verbleib\u201d notes that wagons 26 and 27 contained works stored at Th\u00fcrntal, but that the meaning of the \u201cWien\u201d notation was unclear (Austria Claims: Memoranda. Restitution Claim Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 35, page 101, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/269944344, retrieved July 8, 2013). At this point, the painting\u2019s trail goes cold. The Linz documentation indicates the painting was in France at the end of the war, having arrived there from Th\u00fcrntal; however, its path from Th\u00fcrntal to France is unknown at this point. One possibility is suggested by Hanns L\u00f6hr in his book, Das Braune Haus der Kunst. Hitler und der Sonderauftrag Linz: Visionen, Verbrechen, Verluste (2005, page 159): the Th\u00fcrntal depot was located in the Soviet-occupied zone of the \u201cAlpenrepublik\u201d and was controlled by the Red Army. Some works that originated in France or the Netherlands were given directly back, from Th\u00fcrntal, to their countries of origin by the Soviets. A handwritten notation on the List of the large-sized paintings transferred from Kremsm\u00fcnster to the repository Th\u00fcrntal (which includes the Boucher) may support this possibility: \u201ctotal 81 [objects] held by the Russians]\u201d (Th\u00fcrntal and Linz Items, Otto Demus. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725253. M1946, roll 13, page 11, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/270333544, retrieved June 23, 2015).A letter of June 12, 1951 from Lane Faison to Otto Demus regarding the Th\u00fcrntal paintings refers to 17 paintings of the original total of 100 stored at Th\u00fcrntal that appear to have been burned at St. Agatha or otherwise lost (Correspondence, General: June 1951-August 1951. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725253. M1946, roll 4, page 50, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/270050360, retrieved June 23, 2015). He writes that these 17 paintings came from the collection of, among others, Alphons and Louis von Rothschild. The Boucher is listed in this \u201cunaccounted-for group of 17\u201d as coming from the Alphons von Rothschild collection (Correspondence, General: June 1951-August 1951. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725253. M1946, roll 4, page 51, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/2700503607, retrieved June 23, 2015).This is likely an error, as the ERR number \u2013 R 252 \u2013 clearly indicates that the painting was confiscated from Maurice\u2019s collection. It is worth noting, however, that the CMA Boucher does not appear on the Liste des tableaux appartenant au Baron Maurice de Rothschild et pill\u00e9s par les Allemands (it does include other Bouchers, however), which includes paintings either confiscated from his home at 41 Faubourg Saint-Honor\u00e9 or at his depot at Chateau-Lafite. This may be because its current whereabouts were unknown at the time this list was compiled (F224 Rothschild, Maurice Baron De. Cultural Property Claim Applications. Records of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) Section of the Preparations and Restitution Branch, OMGUS, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 1571289. M1949, roll 13, page 9, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/292890382, retrieved July 8, 2013). It is possible the confusion as to which Rothschild collection the Boucher belonged is due to the existence of a painting attributed to the School of Boucher called Nymphs at a Fountain or Scene Representing Nymphs, confiscated from the collection of Alphons von Rothschild. This painting is No. 6 on the List of unidentified paintings brought in from Castle Ennsegg to the Steinerne Saal (French Claims. Records Relating to Claims. Records of the Reparations and Restitutions Branch of the U.S. Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section, 1945-1950. Record Group 260. M1926, roll 48, page 59, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/274323278, retrieved June 23, 2014). In a letter to Walter G. Loehr, Chief of the Reparations, Deliveries, and Restitutions Branch of USACA dated May 18, 1951, listed as coming from a Paris collection; Alphons\u2019s collection would have originated in Vienna (Th\u00fcrntal And Linz Items, Otto Demus. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. M1946, roll 13, page 50, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/270333609, retrieved July 8, 2013). That these two paintings were confused is further supported by the fact that the CMA Boucher has, in the Linz database, a Munich Central Collecting Point number of \u201c1646(?),\u201d when it does not seem that the CMA Boucher ever passed through the Collecting Point. In fact, the School of Boucher painting has a K-nr. of 1646 according to the Liste der aus dem Depot Schloss Ennsegg (Miscellaneous Austrian Art. Records Relating to Claims. Records of the Reparations and Restitutions Branch of the U.S. Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section, 1945-1950. Record Group 260. M1926, roll 5, page 200, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/274298133, retrieved June 27, 2016). The painting also appears on the Verzeichnis der am 13.3.1947 aus dem Depot St. Agatha bei Goisern nach Ennsegg verbrachten Kunstgeggenst\u00e4nde (French Claims. Records Relating to Claims. Records of the Reparations and Restitutions Branch of the U.S. Allied Commission for Austria (USACA) Section, 1945-1950. Record Group 260. M1926, roll 48, page 56, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/274323265, retrieved June 23, 2014). This document (which titles the painting Scene mit Nymphen, Silenen, und Putten) has a notation reading, \u201cR to France USACA\" (Th\u00fcrntal And Linz Items, Otto Demus. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260, M1946, roll 13, page 5, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/115/270333529, retrieved June 29, 2016). Indeed, a letter from the Office of the United States High Commissioner for Austria of May 15, 1951 states: \u201cThe records of the former RD&R Division of USACA show that the following objects have been restituted,\u201d and this list includes the School of Boucher painting, which was restituted to the French government (Th\u00fcrntal And Linz Items, Otto Demus. Administrative Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725253. M1946, roll 13, page 48, Fold3.com, https://www.fold3.com/image/270333607, retrieved June 23, 2014).
"], "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Rothschild Family, to P. & D. Colnaghi", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 Because Richard Herner, director of P. & D. Colnaghi, wrote in 1979 to CMA curator William Talbot that his gallery had in 1974 purchased the painting from a member of the Rothschild family who wished to remain anonymous, the painting undoubtedly made its way back to the family, probably to Maurice, sometime after the war. After Maurice died in 1957, the Boucher may have passed to his widow, No\u00e9mie Halphen (1888-1968) or to his son, Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild (1926-1997), the latter of whom may have sold it to Colnaghi. Colnaghi\u2019s (partially damaged) file on the painting suggests that the Boucher came to the UK from a Lichtenstein entity named the Galleria Bernini, but the museum has been unable to confirm the exact nature of its involvement, the existence of this gallery as a commercial concern, or its connection to the painting. Colnaghi\u2019s file also notes that the painting passed through Sotheby\u2019s, London; however, this claim appears to be erroneous, as Sotheby\u2019s confirmed that its files contain no record of the Boucher ever having passed through the auction house in any capacity.
"], "date": "Until 1974", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1It seems from correspondence between Colnaghi and CMA that Herner first mentions the Boucher to Sherman Lee in December 1975, after having already discussed two other paintings by Boucher in which Lee was interested but that ultimately went to the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. Herner\u2019s correspondence with Lee notes that the first two Bouchers were received by Colnaghi on commission from the Rothschilds, but does not indicate whether the CMA Boucher was acquired as part of the same transaction. The eventual purchase of the painting by Lee took place in September 1979; an invoice dated September 28, 1979 lists the Rothschild provenance and titles the painting, \u201cCupidon offrant une pomme \u00e0 Venus.\u201d While with Colnaghi, the painting was treated by conservator Robert Shepherd in London. As WWII-era photographs show, the canvas had a rounded top and an arch at bottom center, probably allowing the work to function as an overdoor. Eighteen centimeters of the rounded top and thirteen centimeters at the lower right and left were clearly a later addition, added at an unknown date after Boucher painted the work. Shepherd removed the rounded top and the areas at the lower right and left, then filled the extreme top corners and shallow arch remaining at the bottom. The painting thereby returned to a rectangular format and was cleaned and relined.
"], "date": "1974-1979", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Lighthearted, erotic decorative schemes remained popular among the French aristocracy throughout the 1700s. In this painting, part of the playfulness comes from the way Boucher painted some of the figures in gray, as if made of stone, while the others are fully human. The artist toyed with the boundaries of painting and sculpture, as well as fiction and reality.The original purpose of this painting remains unclear. While it may have been exhibited as an independent work of art, it probably served initially as a preliminary design for a tapestry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474044"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.55-fountain-of-venus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg: Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.errproject.org/jeudepaume/card_view.php?CardId=16018"}, {"citation": "Deutsches Historisches Museum, Datenbank \"Sammlung des Sonderauftrages Linz.\u201d", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/linzdb/indexe.html"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54; Mentioned: p. 53-56", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review Exhibition\", Dialogue, (Jan./Feb. 1980).", "page_number": "p. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review,\" University Circle Highlights (Feb. 1980).", "page_number": "p. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection is on View in Year in Review Exhibition,\u201d February 7, 1980, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2737"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 67, no. 3 (1980): 58-99.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 58", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "\"Supplement, March 1980,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, (March 1980).", "page_number": "p. 38, fig. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B. The First Painters of the King: French Royal Taste from Louis XIV to the Revolution. New York, N.Y.: Stair Sainty Matthiesen, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 1287, no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Feliciano, Hector. The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art. New York: Basic Books, 1997.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schwarz, Birgit. Hitlers Museum: die Fotoalben Gema\u0308ldegalerie Linz : Dokumente zum \"Fu\u0308hrermuseum\". Wien: Bo\u0308hlau, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. Chicago, IL: Art Stock Books, Independent Publishers Group, 2017. p. 229", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 229, pl. 51", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.55", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.55/1979.55_web.jpg", "width": "827", "height": "893", "filesize": "139309", "filename": "1979.55_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.55/1979.55_print.jpg", "width": "3150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1506595", "filename": "1979.55_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.55/1979.55_full.tif", "width": "10557", "height": "11394", "filesize": "360883328", "filename": "1979.55_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-05-21T16:53:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.55/1979.55_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "823", "height": "893", "filesize": "542091"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.55/1979.55_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3134", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6639315"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.55/1979.55_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4609", "height": "5000", "filesize": "69169468"}}, {"date_created": "2013-09-23T11:21:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.55/1979.55_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "819", "height": "893", "filesize": "94277"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.55/1979.55_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3119", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1528745"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1979.55/1979.55_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5419", "height": "5906", "filesize": "96037824"}}], "creditline": "The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149663, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:16.047000"}, {"id": 121285, "accession_number": "1942.1155", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mrs. Nathaniel Bailey, n\u00e9e Lamack, c. 1776. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper in a modern gold frame; framed: 6.2 x 5.3 cm (2 7/16 x 2 1/16 in.); unframed: 5.8 x 4.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1155", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Mrs. Nathaniel Bailey, n\u00e9e Lamack", "creation_date": "c. 1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1781, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper in a modern gold frame", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 6.2 x 5.3 cm (2 7/16 x 2 1/16 in.); Unframed: 5.8 x 4.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.062, "width": 0.053}, "unframed": {"height": 0.058, "width": 0.048}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 20, 2008 - September 22, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-06-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mary O. jemmett", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mary O. Jemmett (n\u00e9e Smirke)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, February 29, 1928 (lot 61).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 29, 1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Leopold C. Davis, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1930", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1942", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory, and they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. Compared to his contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u20131829) and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837), whose female sitters were often painted in similar simple white gowns, Smart often lavished more attention on the costumes in his portraits of women, whose dresses incorporated colored silks, printed fabrics, and luxury trimmings like lace and fur, as seen in this portrait. Mrs. Bailey wears a violet surcoat trimmed with fur, worn over a cream-colored gown trimmed with a border of alternating pearls and blue stones and two vertical rows of pearls with one large pearl between them. Her brown hair is dressed high with ringlets descending down her neck and over her shoulders. The coiffure is ornamented with a strand of pearls and two ostrich plumes. The case is modern, and there is a brownish cast to what was originally pale, cream-colored paper\u2014the result of light exposure changing the color over time. Smart\u2019s preparatory sketches were compiled in books but once removed were often grouped in frames or placed in lockets such as this one. This portrait was part of the Smirke collection owned by Mary Jemmett, who sold it at Christie\u2019s, London, on February 29, 1928. Lot 61 for this sale is described as \u201cMrs. Bailey, wearing pale mauve and white dress, her hair dressed high and trimmed with feathers.\u201d The sitter, Mrs. Nathaniel Bailey (n\u00e9e Lamack), of Clapham, married the member of Parliament for Abingdon on March 18, 1773. Her husband was of sufficient means and is recorded in 1775 as having performed his annual distribution of \u00a3100 of bread and meat to the poor of his borough. Little else is known about this sitter. This drawing was a preparatory study for a portrait on ivory, signed and dated 1776, and measuring 2 inches high. The ivory miniature was formerly in the Ashcroft collection and was sold at Sotheby\u2019s, London, in May 1946 to Arthur Jaff\u00e9, having previously been on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum from 1924 to 1939. In this sale the miniature is described as \u201cAn Attractive Miniature of a Lady, by John Smart, signed and dated 1776, head and gaze three-quarters dexter, a white feather and pearls in her high piled chestnut hair, ringlets falling to the shoulders, wearing a pearl and emerald bordered low-cut cream dress and fur trimmed lavender jacket.\u201d It most recently sold at Christie\u2019s, London, in 2003. This portrait miniature is identical to the preparatory sketch here, both of which describe the sitter as wearing a faintly violet costume, though this color is no longer discernible in the sketch. The current location of the miniature on ivory is unknown. Edward Greene donated this and nine other preparatory studies by Smart to the Cleveland Museum of Art in 1941 and 1942. This sketch was acquired by Greene from Leopold Davis for around $260 in 1930. Although this portrait was probably part of the same sketchbook as the other nine purchased by Greene, Davis did not indicate whether or not this was indeed the case. The majority of these sketches were in a compromised condition, with fading and foxing especially prevalent.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017094"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1155-portrait-of-mrs-nath"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32, no. 47, pl. XV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n61"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 40, pp. 174-176", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1155", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1155/1942.1155_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "89861", "filename": "1942.1155_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1155/1942.1155_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1220978", "filename": "1942.1155_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1155/1942.1155_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022032", "filename": "1942.1155_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-12-17T20:14:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "450737"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2641", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5687683"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3520", "height": "4532", "filesize": "47890348"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-06T14:25:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "893", "filesize": "423314"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2699", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5679527"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3814", "height": "4804", "filesize": "54999868"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-14T14:25:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "137729"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1811847"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1155/1942.1155_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022068"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121285, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Bailey"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:03.786000"}, {"id": 131671, "accession_number": "1954.261", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gunakali Ragini, c. 1750. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Jaipur. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 23.6 x 15.6 cm (9 5/16 x 6 1/8 in.); overall: 30.5 x 22.9 cm (12 x 9 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1954.261", "current_location": null, "title": "Gunakali Ragini", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Jaipur"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 23.6 x 15.6 cm (9 5/16 x 6 1/8 in.); Overall: 30.5 x 22.9 cm (12 x 9 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.236, "width": 0.156}, "overall": {"height": 0.305, "width": 0.229}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "The verse associated with Gunakali Ragini, a wintertime raga, states that the heroine \u201csets mandara flowers in a golden jar and seated, plucks them, with her mind fixed on love\u2019s sport.\u201d", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518572, "title": "Rajput Painting", "description": "Rajput Painting. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main gallery rotation (gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 2, 2015-April 4, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sets of paintings by royal court artists, such as the Ragamala series from which this page came, were made for sale, rather than for the private collection of the king.", "description": "A princess sits on a throne under a canopy. Her companion holds the royal fly whisk above her head. According to the verse at the top, she absentmindedly plucks flowers as she daydreams about lovemaking. Below, a woman holds an instrument, possibly referring to the musical compositions that were played for the viewers in accordance with the scene and mood of the verse. The two women kneel on a carpet, which the artist has tilted up to a vertical plane, so its pattern of stylized water lilies on a bold orange ground surrounded by a green border with undulating flowering vines can be fully seen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516457"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.261-gunakali-ragini"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ward, William. \"Three Indian Paintings.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 1 (January 1955): 12\u201315.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13; Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142007"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"The Decorative and the Super-Real: Two Rajasthani Miniatures.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 8 October 1957): 180-183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142231"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 770", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n138"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.261", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.261/1954.261_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "123092", "filename": "1954.261_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.261/1954.261_print.jpg", "width": "2549", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1702800", "filename": "1954.261_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.261/1954.261_full.tif", "width": "5451", "height": "7270", "filesize": "118912452", "filename": "1954.261_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131671, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-05-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:30.249000"}, {"id": 144656, "accession_number": "1969.28.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Woman Standing among the Friars (recto), c. 1770\u201375. John Brown (British, 1752\u20131787). Graphite and gray and black wash with point of brush; image: 25.8 x 36.9 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1969.28.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Woman Standing among the Friars (recto)", "creation_date": "c. 1770\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and gray and black wash with point of brush", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 25.8 x 36.9 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.258, "width": 0.369}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 443540, "title": "The Poetical Circle: Fuseli and the British", "description": "The Poetical Circle: Fuseli and the British. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (April 24-May 27, 1979); Queensland Art Gallery/Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Austria (June 5-July 29, 1979); Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (organizer) (September 1-27, 1979); Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand (October 24-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205780, "title": "Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century", "description": "Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (February 27-May 21, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (June 17-September 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Brown (1752-1787)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Young Ottley, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sir Thomas Lawrence, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Christie's), purchased by Russell", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 17, 1830", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Russell", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Private Collection, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(E.V. Thaw and Co., New York, NY), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1969", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "January 22, 1969-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Brown meant for the dark background of this drawing to evoke the potential danger of Italian nights; the writer Johann Joachim Winckelmann had been murdered in Trieste in 1768, in the most conspicuous example of the period's widespread violence.", "description": "John Brown is known for a small group of monochromatic drawings imbued with sinister overtones. At the age of 20, the Scottish artist traveled to Italy where he spent the next 12 years. This drawing exemplifies his Roman street scenes which often depict women dressed in spectacular, billowing costumes. Here, a figure with bare ankles and plunging d\u00e9colletage is surrounded by a crowd of men who leer at her. The reverse of the sketchbook sheet includes two independent drawings: a study of faces in fierce and intense expressions, and a pair of women wearing swirling gowns. One figure raises her hand in a mysterious gesture, either beckoning or forewarning the viewer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922118"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.28.a-woman-standing-among"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Cat 4, pg 28-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bowron, Edgar Peters, and Joseph J. Rishel. Art in Rome in the Eighteenth Century. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, in association with Merrell, 2000.", "page_number": "exh. cat. no. 323, p. 480", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n214"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.28.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_web.jpg", "width": "1247", "height": "893", "filesize": "215773", "filename": "1969.28.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2435", "filesize": "1757208", "filename": "1969.28.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_full.tif", "width": "6256", "height": "4481", "filesize": "84144648", "filename": "1969.28.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "881", "filesize": "882190"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1428", "filesize": "2352605"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1428", "filesize": "8776668"}}, {"date_created": "2012-06-13T13:58:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1259", "height": "893", "filesize": "229019"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2411", "filesize": "1805367"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.a/1969.28.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6123", "height": "4343", "filesize": "79819608"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144656, "creators": [{"id": 1307, "description": "John Brown (British, 1752\u20131787)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1787", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1969.28", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:20.472000"}, {"id": 168425, "accession_number": "2010.204", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Staff, 1800s\u20131900s. The Baboon Master (probably Tsonga peoples). Wood; overall: 120.7 cm (47 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.204", "current_location": null, "title": "Staff", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Africa, South Africa, South Africa or Mozambique, probably Tsonga peoples"], "technique": "Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 120.7 cm (47 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.207}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 287107, "title": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous", "description": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 55", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/26/2017-7/16/2017); \u201cAfrican Master Carvers: Known and Famous\u201d.", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132005 latest", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sotheby's New York, NY, November 11, 2005, lot 161)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal Art Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Artists working on the African continent often moved from place to place; the artist nicknamed The Baboon Master was of the Tsonga culture and worked in the Zulu kingdom.", "description": "Arguably the finest surviving carving of the Baboon Master in a Western collection, this staff features exceptionally sophisticated articulation and detailing. The circular pokerwork motif on one side\u2014which echoes the treatment of the ears on the male heads supporting the baboon\u2014may represent a shield or a leaf. The heads feature the characteristic ornament that signifies maturity and marriage; covered with a mixture of gum, charcoal, and oil, this hairdo, called isicoco, employed a fiber or sinew ring into which the wearer\u2019s hair was woven.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80074285"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.204-staff"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's. \"African and Oceanic Art.\" New York, Nov. 11, 2005, lot 161 and frontispiece.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Scala Publishers Ltd, 2012. Pg 246-7.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"African Master Carvers.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 32-33.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32-33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02/page/n15/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.204", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.204/2010.204_web.jpg", "width": "522", "height": "893", "filesize": "139529", "filename": "2010.204_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.204/2010.204_print.jpg", "width": "1987", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3052245", "filename": "2010.204_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.204/2010.204_full.tif", "width": "3839", "height": "6567", "filesize": "75656608", "filename": "2010.204_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-20T12:40:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "510", "height": "893", "filesize": "137724"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1942", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2997793"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3718", "height": "6507", "filesize": "72603172"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-20T13:59:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "192519"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4054061"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99885064"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-20T14:12:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "197548"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4059044"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99885368"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-20T14:39:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "233641"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4594831"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99886012"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-20T14:50:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "231256"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4444699"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99885656"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-20T14:59:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "240448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4572777"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99886060"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-20T15:33:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "201117"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4194793"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.204/2010.204_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99885064"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168425, "creators": [{"id": 60267, "description": "The Baboon Master (probably Tsonga peoples)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:40.479000"}, {"id": 170878, "accession_number": "2013.347.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Posthumous portrait of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719\u20131748) holding a falcon (recto), 1764. Muhammad Rizavi Hindi (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; painting only: 14.4 x 10.3 cm (5 11/16 x 4 1/16 in.); page: 28 x 23.8 cm (11 x 9 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.347.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Posthumous portrait of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719\u20131748) holding a falcon (recto)", "creation_date": "1764", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1764, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Mughal India, probably Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 14.4 x 10.3 cm (5 11/16 x 4 1/16 in.); Page: 28 x 23.8 cm (11 x 9 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.144, "width": 0.103}, "page": {"height": 0.28, "width": 0.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "raqam-i kamtarin Muhammad Reza-i Hindi", "inscription_translation": "Persian inscription at bottom center of painting, in nasta\u2018liq script: \nThe work of the lowly Muhammad Riza, the Indian 178 [AH 1178]", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "tasvir Muhammad Shah Padshah Ghazi", "inscription_translation": "Persian inscription in top margin, in nasta\u2018liq script: \nPicture of Muhammad Shah, the Great Warrior King", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Paintings in West Coast Private Collections. Society for Asian Art, De Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (May 29-July 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-05-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Life at Court: art for India's rulers, 16th-19th centuries. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (November 20, 1985-February 9, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Charles Forbes, 7th Baronet [1773\u20131849], Bengal, London, and Scotland, by descent to his great-grandson, Colonel Sir John Forbes", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1811\u20131849", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Colonel Sir John Stewart Forbes [1901\u20131984], Baronet, DSO, DL, Allargue House, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK, consigned to Sotheby's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures, 10 December 1962, lot 25, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "December 10, 1962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962\u20132013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The archer\u2019s thumb ring is for drawing the bowstring. Perhaps he was left-handed.", "description": "The artist used the carpet, the floor cushion, and the halo to indicate the royal status of the seated figure. He has turned the picture plane into the space of a window, over the sill of which a golden carpet ornamented with a field of lilies marks his location for outsiders. His signature in Persian, the Mughal lingua franca, interrupts the fringed border.
Painted after the emperor\u2019s death and the dissolution of much of the Mughal court, this refined portrait pays tribute to the wealth and power of the imperial past.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482238"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.347.a-posthumous-portrait"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Indian Miniature Paintings from West Coast Private Collections. [Exhibition] May 29-July 19, 1964. San Francisco, CA: M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Desai, Vishakha N., B. N. Goswamy, and Ainslie Thomas Embree. Life at Court: Art for India's Rulers, 16th-19th Centuries. 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Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170878, "creators": [{"id": 63557, "description": "Muhammad Rizavi Hindi (Indian, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1764", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2013.347", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Portrait of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah (r. 1719-1748) Holding a Falcon", "A portrait of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719-1748) holding a falcon"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:23.328000"}, {"id": 101356, "accession_number": "1920.1967", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Oval portrait of a woman in a Chaghtai hat, c. 1740\u201350. India, Mughal, 18th century. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 9.5 x 7.4 cm (3 3/4 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1920.1967", "current_location": null, "title": "Oval portrait of a woman in a Chaghtai hat", "creation_date": "c. 1740\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mughal, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 9.5 x 7.4 cm (3 3/4 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.095, "width": 0.074}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355686, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Indian Miniatures", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Indian Miniatures. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 28, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-07-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355730, "title": "The World of Miniature Painting", "description": "The World of Miniature Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 20-November 10, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-09-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115); February 4 - August 5, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115); February 20 - August 18, 2004.", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["250.15"], "did_you_know": "She holds a delicate jade cup of the type for which the Mughals were famous.", "description": "The tall, flat-topped hat is an element of the native dress of the Mughals from eastern Uzbekistan. Of mixed Turkic and Mongol ethnicities, they spoke a Turkic language known as Chaghatai. Chaghatai refers to the name of the son of the Mongol Chingiz (Genghis) Khan, who ruled this area of Central Asia from 1246 to 1282.
This woman\u2019s hat has been studded with jewels and strings of pearls. The portrait jewel format that was once reserved for the emperor has now been expanded to include ladies of the court. The woman holds a jade wine cup and wears a draped upper garment with a woven or embroidered border similar to the fragment on display at the left.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503246"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.1967-oval-portrait-of-a-w"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.1967", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1967/1920.1967_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "900", "filesize": "336506", "filename": "1920.1967_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1967/1920.1967_print.jpg", "width": "2835", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4208260", "filename": "1920.1967_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1967/1920.1967_full.tif", "width": "5920", "height": "7101", "filesize": "126147188", "filename": "1920.1967_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": 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H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101356, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1922-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Oval Portrait of a Woman in a Chaghtai Hat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:20.304000"}, {"id": 152446, "accession_number": "1985.273", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Beneath the Willow, after 1778. Tsukioka Sessai (Japanese, d. 1839). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; overall: 94 x 33.2 cm (37 x 13 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith, 1985.273", "current_location": null, "title": "Beneath the Willow", "creation_date": "after 1778", "creation_date_earliest": 1778, "creation_date_latest": 1839, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 94 x 33.2 cm (37 x 13 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.94, "width": 0.332}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: Bridge of the Law Sessai (Hokyo Sessai).\nSealed: Sessai", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301790, "title": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World", "description": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310240, "title": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection", "description": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14-November 13, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113); February 20 - May 6, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113); August 26 - December 2, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 236); January 13, 2015 -", "opening_date": "2015-01-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Nathan Chaikin, Switzerland, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Kelvin Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, Cleveland, OH, given by Mrs. Kelvin [Eleanor Armstrong] Smith [1899\u20131998] to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["569.1973"], "did_you_know": "The willow tree may refer to the contemporary Edo fashion for elongated \"willowy\" beauties.", "description": "Two young women cool themselves by a river as a willow blows in the breeze. One crouches down to rinse a hand towel, while the other sits with her chin balanced on her fan. Beside her is a black lacquer tray with a floral design in gold, holding her tobacco kit.
Tsukioka Tessai was an Osaka-based ukiyo-e artist who was especially respected for his representations of beautiful women (bijin). The court bestowed upon him the rank Bridge of the Law (hokyo) in 1778, and he was eventually elevated in rank to Eye of the Law (hogen).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475598"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.273-beneath-the-willow"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cChecklist of the Kelvin Smith Bequest.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 292\u2013295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 294", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160040"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.273", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.273/1985.273_web.jpg", "width": "327", "height": "900", "filesize": "106830", "filename": "1985.273_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.273/1985.273_print.jpg", "width": "1237", "height": "3400", "filesize": "997259", "filename": "1985.273_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.273/1985.273_full.tif", "width": "2818", "height": "7745", "filesize": "65505380", "filename": "1985.273_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-01-09T13:15:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.273/1985.273_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "264", "height": "900", "filesize": "71657"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.273/1985.273_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "996", "height": "3400", "filesize": "656834"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.273/1985.273_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2261", "height": "7717", "filesize": "52372928"}}, {"date_created": "2015-01-09T13:36:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.273/1985.273_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "900", "filesize": "179818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.273/1985.273_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2155", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1935759"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.273/1985.273_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5071", "height": "8000", "filesize": "121735676"}}], "creditline": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152446, "creators": [{"id": 35934, "description": "Tsukioka Sessai (Japanese, d. 1839)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6708\u5ca1\u96ea\u658e", "death_year": "1839", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1778, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "after 1778", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "This painting had originally been mounted as a hanging scroll but at some point in its history the roller rod, upper stave, and hanging hardware had been removed and the piece was stretched on a strainer like a Western painting. The silks and papers used in the hanging scroll mounting had become brittle with age and the acidic wood used for the strainer had caused a strong line of discoloration around the edges of the piece. At some point in the past, it had also been damaged by water which had created a strong tide line through the bottom mounting silk.
As the piece could not be displayed in this condition, it was decided in 2013 that the painting would be treated and returned to a hanging scroll format in the process. All the mounting silks, except the small inner silk border (ichimonji), were too brittle and discolored to be reused and so new border silks were chosen by the conservator of Asian paintings in collaboration with the curator of Japanese art. The ichimonji silk was cleaned and reused in the new mounting.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Two Ladies beside a River"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:39.863000"}, {"id": 127856, "accession_number": "1950.496", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jacques Luc Barbier-Valbonne, 1796. Jean-Baptiste Isabey (French, 1767\u20131855). Black chalk with stumping, heightened with white gouache on beige wove paper; sheet: 26.2 x 20.7 cm (10 5/16 x 8 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harry D. Kendrick, 1950.496", "current_location": null, "title": "Jacques Luc Barbier-Valbonne", "creation_date": "1796", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1796, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "Black chalk with stumping, heightened with white gouache on beige wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) wove paper, partially discolored to yellow-brown", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.2 x 20.7 cm (10 5/16 x 8 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.262, "width": 0.207}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 17th and 18th Century Genre and French Drawings (May 31-Aug. 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Gallery List of Drawings\" (Apr. 27, 1972-Feb. 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-04-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Gallery List of Drawings\" (opened Dec. 1, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Gallery List of Drawings\" (1966).", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Gallery List of Drawings\" (Sep. 19-Nov. 5, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Italian and French Drawings (Oct. 13, 1959-Feb. 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (\"rearranged Jan. 21, 1953\").", "opening_date": "1953-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Accessions Preview Tea, Gallery XII\" (Apr. 8, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-04-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Director's Corridor\" (from June 30, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"hung Director's Corridor\" (Feb. 7, 1947 (still listed Aug. 8, 1947)).", "opening_date": "1947-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Exhibition of French Art (June 22-Aug. 31, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (?), \"for exh. at same time as French Drawings and Water Colors, lent by French museums and circulated by San Francisco, M.H. de Young Memorial Museum\" (1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings from 1630 to 1830 in the Classic and Romantic Tradition (Dec. 7, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933), cma Bulletin 19 (1932), p. 169.", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, French Art since Eighteen Hundred (1929), cma Bulletin 16 (1929), p. 155.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke, Paris?, according to departmental catalog sheet); Henry G. Dalton, Cleveland (according to departmental card)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The French Revolution (1789\u201399) disrupted all traditional hierarchies, including that of art, which habitually placed history painting in the highest regard. When Isabey exhibited this portrait of his friend and fellow artist in the 1796 salon, drawings had taken on significance as a more personal and egalitarian form of art. Isabey depicts Barbier as a solid citizen of the new Republic. The tasseled cap and embroidered jacket recall Barbier\u2019s service as a hussar, a type of soldier; the vest, cravat, and \u201cdog-ear\u201d hairstyle were popular among young men in Paris at the time. Traditionally, however, a fashionable man would not be shown smoking, an activity usually associated with lower classes. Isabey\u2019s focus on the long pipe and steady stream of smoke made the drawing especially populist for the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.496-jacques-luc-barbier"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wehn, James. \u201cThe 18th-Century Selfie: A new exhibition looks at the role of prints and drawings in pre- and post-revolutionary France.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 56, no. 4 (July/August 2016): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-04"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.496", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.496/1950.496_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "465789", "filename": "1950.496_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.496/1950.496_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7520766", "filename": "1950.496_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.496/1950.496_full.tif", "width": "4891", "height": "6167", "filesize": "90516432", "filename": "1950.496_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.496/1950.496_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "893", "filesize": "455960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.496/1950.496_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2698", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6018252"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.496/1950.496_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3924", "height": "4945", "filesize": "58239476"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Harry D. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127856, "creators": [{"id": 3682, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Isabey (French, 1767\u20131855)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1767", "death_year": "1855", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1796", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Painter Jacque Luc Barbier-Walbonne"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:59.422000"}, {"id": 145309, "accession_number": "1970.55", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "View of Rome, c. 1782\u20131784. Pierre Henri de Valenciennes (French, 1750\u20131819). Oil on paper, mounted on board; framed: 30 x 49 x 4.5 cm (11 13/16 x 19 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 19.5 x 39 cm (7 11/16 x 15 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1970.55", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "View of Rome", "creation_date": "c. 1782\u20131784", "creation_date_earliest": 1782, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on paper, mounted on board", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 30 x 49 x 4.5 cm (11 13/16 x 19 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 19.5 x 39 cm (7 11/16 x 15 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.3, "width": 0.49, "depth": 0.045}, "unframed": {"height": 0.195, "width": 0.39}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, February 1971: Year in Review, cat. no. 45, illus.", "opening_date": "1971-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, February 17-March 21, 1982: \"Visions of Landscape:East and West,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Walter Pach;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Raymond Pach (Canton, North Carolina), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1970.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This oil sketch showing St. Peter's Basilica in the distance was painted during the artist's stay in Rome, 1777\u201385. Its spontaneity and freshness is typical of the artist's outdoor paintings, in which he sought to capture the light and atmosphere of Rome.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470932"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.55-view-of-rome"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n207"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cSome French Landscapes: 1779-1842.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 65, no. 3 (March 1978): 75\u201391.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 80, fig. 7", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159571"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 146-147; Reproduced: p. 146", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.55", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.55/1970.55_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "623", "filesize": "585603", "filename": "1970.55_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.55/1970.55_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1677", "filesize": "4465803", "filename": "1970.55_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.55/1970.55_full.tif", "width": "5950", "height": "2935", "filesize": "52421112", "filename": "1970.55_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-05-12T12:53:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.55/1970.55_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "648", "filesize": "622460"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.55/1970.55_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1745", "filesize": "4608891"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.55/1970.55_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6195", "height": "3180", "filesize": "59132156"}}, {"date_created": "2009-05-11T19:04:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.55/1970.55_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "813", "filesize": "841719"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.55/1970.55_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2189", "filesize": "6301180"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.55/1970.55_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5989", "height": "3856", "filesize": "69314812"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 145309, "creators": [{"id": 1968, "description": "Pierre Henri de Valenciennes (French, 1750\u20131819)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1750", "death_year": "1819", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-09-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1782, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1782\u20131784", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:20.770000"}, {"id": 147523, "accession_number": "1973.33", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Count Demetrius de Palatiano in Suliot Costume, not dated. Imitator of Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (French, 1798\u20131863). Oil on fabric; unframed: 40.7 x 33.2 cm (16 x 13 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1973.33", "current_location": null, "title": "Count Demetrius de Palatiano in Suliot Costume", "creation_date": "not dated", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1863, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 40.7 x 33.2 cm (16 x 13 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.407, "width": 0.332}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "Year in Review: 1973. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, \u00c9cole Nationale des Beaux-Arts. Exposition Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix au profit de la souscription destin\u00e9e a \u00e9lever \u00e0 Paris un monument \u00e0 sa m\u00e9moire (1885), no. 31, Le comte Palatiano, en costume de Palikare, 41 x 33 cm, Salon de 1827, Appartient \u00e0 MM. Boussod, Valadon et Cie.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Georges Petit. Exposition de chefs-d'oeuvres de l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise, vingt peintres du XIX e si\u00e8cle (1910), no. 71.", "opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, 18 Rue de la Ville-l'\u00c9v\u00eaque. Cent ans de peinture fran\u00e7aise; exposition au profit du Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg (March-April 1922), no. 64, Portrait du comte Palatiano, appartient au Comte Pastr\u00e9.", "opening_date": "1922-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Centenaire du Romantisme-Exposition E. Delacroix (1930), 1: no. 27; 2: no. 27 (provenance of another painting).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Centenaire d'Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix 1798-1863 (1963), no. 77, lent by Mme D. David-Weill.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bern, Kunstmuseum. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1963-64), no. 17 (same provenance as Louvre 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e Jacquemart-Andr\u00e9. Bonington, Un romantique anglais \u00e0 Paris (1966), no. 102 (same provenance as Louvre 1930).", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Schmit. Les impressionnistes et leurs pr\u00e9curseurs (1972), no. 15 (repr.) (same provenance as Louvre 1930)", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Paul de Laage, sold to Goupil & Cie.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
At the Salon of 1827 Delacroix presented a painting titled \u201cPortrait de M. le comte de P[alatiano] en costume souliote,\u201d a Greek aristocrat whom the artist may have met in Paris in late 1825 or early 1826, when the Count was on his way to London. In his 1885 catalogue of Delacroix\u2019s oeuvre, Alfred Robaut used an engraving by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Villot, a student and friend of Delacroix, to illustrate the artist\u2019s portrait of the Count of Palatiano. Executed in 1833, Villot\u2019s engraving can be assumed to be an accurate representation of the Salon portrait. The background in the engraving more closely matches the simple background found in the Cleveland painting than it does the more detailed background in another version of the painting, known to be an autograph work, currently in the National Gallery of Prague. For many years, it was supposed that the painting now in Cleveland was the Salon picture. But after years of analysis and debate, it has been concluded, based on the painting\u2019s formal characteristics as well as its provenance, that the Cleveland picture is one of numerous copies after a lost original\u2014possibly the Salon painting. According to Robaut, the painting\u2019s early provenance included, Villot, Heymann, Verdier, and Petit, but he may have partially confused its history with that of yet another portrait of Palatiano attributed to Delacroix, this one in a New York private collection. The Cleveland picture's whereabouts can be secured by January 26, 1881, when it was purchased from \u201cde Laage\u201d by Goupil & Co. De Laage is likely Paul de Laage, a prodigious collector of works by Delacroix who appears frequently in connection with works by Delacroix in the Goupil stock books.
Goupil's purchase the of the painting from de Laage is confirmed by the presence on the painting\u2019s stretcher of the monogram and number \u201cG&C 15510,\u201d a stock number Goupil would later assign the painting, and which is cross-referenced in the stock books with its originally assigned number, 15099. The Goupil ledger lists a \u201cFigure turque\u201d accompanied by stock no. 15099 (Goupil Book 10, Stock No. 15099, Page 146, Row 15, http://archives.getty.edu:30008/getty_images/digitalresources/goupil/jpgs/900239-vol10-146.jpg, Dealer Stock Books, Getty Research Institute), purchased on January 26, 1881. Then, just one week later, the ledger shows a sale of \u201cFigure turque\u201d to Comte Pedro de Daupias for ff 6,700. One week after that, on February 7, Daupias sold the painting back to Goupil, where it now was assigned stock no. 15136, and on that same day, \u201cHattat\u201d bought it for ff 7,500 (Goupil Book 10, Stock No. 15136, Page 149, Row 7, http://archives.getty.edu:30008/getty_images/digitalresources/goupil/jpgs/900239-vol10-149.jpg). Just one day later, on February 8, Hattat sold the painting back to Goupil for ff 4,200, and it was given stock no. 15138 (Goupil Book 10, Stock No. 15138, Page 149, Row 9, http://archives.getty.edu:30008/getty_images/digitalresources/goupil/jpgs/900239-vol10-149.jpg). On April 4, 1881, Goupil sold the painting for ff 7,500 to Goldschmidt & Co. of Frankfurt, who sold it back to Goupil on June 22 for ff 2,430, and it was assigned stock no. 15510, the number inscribed on the stretcher. Six years later, probably within days of the Goupil liquidation sale on May 35, 1887, it was offered for sale and failed to sell (Goupil Book 10, Stock No. 15510, Page 174, Row 6, http://archives.getty.edu:30008/getty_images/digitalresources/goupil/jpgs/900239-vol10-174.jpg); it was likely bought in by Drouot commissaire-priseur Escribe, who gave ff 4,200 to Goupil for the painting according to the stock book. The painting finally sold at the Goupil liquidation sale to dealer Hector Brame for ff 2,550 (Goupil Book 11, Stock No. 15510, Page 33, Row 14, http://archives.getty.edu:30008/getty_images/digitalresources/goupil/jpgs/900239-vol11-033.jpg). Lee Johnson, author of the Delacroix catalogue raisonn\u00e9, argues that all of this back and forth indicates that even in the 1880s, the painting\u2019s attribution was in doubt. He says that Goupil, too, knew it was not an autograph work, titling it \u201cFigure turque\u201d so as to distance it from Delacroix\u2019s portrait of Palatiano. Former CMA curator William S. Talbot suspected, however, that the Goupil ledger entries do not record actual sales, as it seems unlikely that the picture would have been bought and then returned at such brief intervals, even if its attribution was questioned, but rather indicate consignments to dealers. Still, one must wonder whether the picture would have been assigned a new stock number after each consignment; new stock numbers are more typically given if a painting enters the same dealer\u2019s possession at different points in time. While it may be debatable whether dealer sales do or should impact attribution, it seems clear from the numerous transactions within less than a year and the six-year period that followed in which it remained with the Goupil until it was put up for auction, that the painting\u2019s authorship was questioned, if not doubted. Other attributions suggested by scholars have included Alexandre-Marie Colin, Richard Parkes Bonington, Adolphe Mouilleron, and the engraver Villot.
"], "date": "1881-1887", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Goupil & Cie sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, May 25-27, 1887 (no. 43), sold to Hector Brame)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1887", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Hector Brame, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The record books of Brame & Lorenceau do not cover this period, and so the present-day gallery was unable to confirm the buyer and date of sale of this painting.
"], "date": "1887-", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Paul-Arthur Ch\u00e9ramy [1840-1912], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1908", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Ch\u00e9ramy sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, May 5-7, 1908 (no. 159), probably sold to Schoeller or Haro on behalf of Comte Andr\u00e9 Pastr\u00e9", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
According to the Johnson catalogue raisonn\u00e9, the Dieterle Family records at the Getty Research Institute, which include records from Galerie Georges Petit, say that dealer Andr\u00e9 Schoeller purchased the painting at the Ch\u00e9ramy sale on behalf of Pastr\u00e9. However, at least one annotated copy of the sale catalogue gives the buyer as \u201cHaro\u201d (and a purchase price of ff 18,100), most likely referring to Henri Haro, son of \u00c9tienne-Fran\u00e7ois Haro; both were dealers and collectors. While the Dieterle records are perhaps more likely to be accurate than an annotation, it is also possible that Haro, not Schoeller, was the agent who made the purchase on behalf of Pastr\u00e9.
The Cleveland picture was certainly in Pastr\u00e9\u2019s possession by 1910, when he is listed as its owner in an exhibition at Galerie Georges Petit. In 1930 he was listed as the owner in Louis Hourticq\u2019s monograph of Delacroix\u2019s oeuvre. He may have owned the painting as late as 1950, when a footnote in the annotated edition of Delacroix\u2019s journal from that year gives Pastr\u00e9 as the current owner.
"], "date": "Probably 1908 - at least", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "David David-Weill [1871-1952], Paris, to his wife, Flora David-Weill", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Exhibition labels on the back of the painting, as well as a \"DW\" monogram and what is likely an inventory number (37/5), situate the painting in the collection of David-Weill.
Flora David-Weill likely came into possession of the painting when her husband died in 1952; we know with certainty that she had the painting by 1963, when she is listed as its owner in the 1963 Louvre exhibition, Centenaire d\u2019Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix.
The painting appears in a 1972 exhibition held at Galerie Schmit in Paris. While it is possible that Thaw may have acted as an agent for Schmit for the sale of the picture to CMA, because Museum records make no reference to Schmit in connection with the transaction, it is more likely that Thaw purchased it outright from Schmit.
"], "date": "By 1972", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Greek war of independence in the 1820s was a source of great interest for the rest of Europe. The exotic costumes of Greek soldiers, or Palikares, were popular subjects for artists. Count Palatiano was a flamboyant Greek aristocrat who often posed for Delacroix and his colleagues in Paris.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472530"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.33-count-demetrius-de-p"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "E.V. Thaw & Co., invoice, March 8, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Schmit. Les impressionnistes et leurs pre\u0301curseurs; exposition, 17 mai - 17 juin 1972. 1972.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee Johnson, letter to Sherman E. Lee, Sept. 23, 1974, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre. Centenaire d'Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, 1798-1863, Muse\u0301e du Louvre, mai-septembre 1963. [Paris]: Ministe\u0300re d'E\u0301tat, Affaires culturelles, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alexandre Rosenberg, letter to Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Cohen, Feb. 14, 1983, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "E.V. Thaw & Co., invoice, March 8, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Lee. The Paintings of Eugene Delacroix A Critical Catalogue. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee Johnson, letter to Sherman E. Lee, Sept. 23, 1974, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Joubin, Andre\u0301. Journal de Euge\u0300ne Delacroix. 3: 1857-1863. Paris: Plon, 1950.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hourticq, Louis. Delacroix, l'oeuvre du maitre. 1930.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ganay, Emilie. Exposition de chefs-d'oeuvre de l'e\u0301cole franc\u0327aise: 20 peintres du 19e sie\u0300cle. [Paris?]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1910.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Se\u0301rullaz, Maurice. Me\u0301morial de l'exposition Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, organise\u0301e au Muse\u0301e du Louvre a\u0300 l'occasion du centenaire de la mort de l'artiste, Paris. 1963. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e des beaux arts de Strasbourg. Cent ans de peinture franc\u0327aise: exposition au profit de Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg : du 15 mars au 20 avril, 1922. Paris: [publisher not identified], 1922.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Che\u0301ramy, P. A. Catalogue des tableaux anciens et modernes, aquarelles, pastels, dessins ... Tre\u0300s importante collection d'oeuvres de Constable et d'Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, primitifs italiens composant la collection P.-A. Cheramy: Vente, Galerie Georges Petit, les mardi 5, mercredi 6 et jeudi 7 mai 1908, commissaire-priseur Me F. Lair-Dubreuil. Paris: Henri Haro, 1908.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Se\u0301rullaz, Maurice. Me\u0301morial de l'exposition Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, organise\u0301e au Muse\u0301e du Louvre a\u0300 l'occasion du centenaire de la mort de l'artiste, Paris. 1963. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Se\u0301rullaz, Maurice. Me\u0301morial de l'exposition Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, organise\u0301e au Muse\u0301e du Louvre a\u0300 l'occasion du centenaire de la mort de l'artiste, Paris. 1963. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheramy, Paul Arthur, Julius Meier-Graefe, and Erich Klossowski. La collection Cheramy: catalogue raisonne\u0301 pre\u0301ce\u0301de\u0301 d'e\u0301tudes sur les mai\u0302tres principaux de la collection. Munich: R. Piper et Cie, 1908.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "E.V. Thaw & Co., invoice, March 8, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Se\u0301rullaz, Maurice. Me\u0301morial de l'exposition Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, organise\u0301e au Muse\u0301e du Louvre a\u0300 l'occasion du centenaire de la ", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Schmit. Les impressionnistes et leurs pre\u0301curseurs; exposition, 17 mai - 17 juin 1972. 1972.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. Tableaux, aquarelles, dessins de l'e\u0301cole moderne. 1887", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Se\u0301rullaz, Maurice. Me\u0301morial de l'exposition Euge\u0300ne Delacroix, organise\u0301e au Muse\u0301e du Louvre a\u0300 l'occasion du centenaire de la mort de l'artiste, Paris. 1963. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Goupil Stock Books, http://piprod.getty.edu/starweb/stockbooks/servlet.starweb?path=stockbooks/stockbooks.web, Getty Research Instititut", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Goupil Book 10, Stock No. 15099, Page 146, Row 15,http://archives.getty.edu:30008/getty_images/digitalresources/goupil/jpgs/900239-vol10-146.jpg, Dealer Stock Books, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 2 (February 1974): 31\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74, no. 35; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 205", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n225"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 234-237, Vol. I, no. 84", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.33", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.33/1973.33_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "131977", "filename": "1973.33_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.33/1973.33_print.jpg", "width": "2735", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1893290", "filename": "1973.33_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.33/1973.33_full.tif", "width": "5302", "height": "6589", "filesize": "104826556", "filename": "1973.33_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-05-09T15:17:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.33/1973.33_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "792", "height": "893", "filesize": "150938"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.33/1973.33_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3015", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2198717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.33/1973.33_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5684", "height": "6408", "filesize": "109291120"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147523, "creators": [{"id": 1658, "description": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (French, 1798\u20131863)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "imitator of", "role": "artist", "biography": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix studied under history painter Pierre-Narcisse Gu\u00e9rin (1774-1833) and at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, though he did not succeed in competitions there. He soon befriended romantic painter Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault (1791-1824) and exhibited at his first Salon in 1822 his powerful, moody The Barque of Dante (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). In the next Salon, inspired by the recent events in the Greeks' struggle for independence against the Turks, Delacroix showed Scenes from the Massacres at Chios (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), a painting whose anti-academic composition, free brushwork, and brilliant color caused hostile critics to accuse the artist of the \"massacre of painting.\" Nevertheless, he was awarded a Salon medal and the state purchased the picture. \r\nAfter the early death of G\u00e9ricault, the young artist became the titular head of the French romantic artistic movement, as much for his innovative technique as his new themes. Widely read and an Anglophile, Delacroix drew frequently from British literature, especially Shakespeare, Byron, and Sir Walter Scott. He also developed a strong interest in orientalist subjects, spurred by the five-month trip to Morocco and southern Spain he took in 1832. He stressed the creative and imaginative elements of painting and opposed the academy for its rote learning and the bourgeoisie for its overly materialistic interests. Delacroix discussed his aesthetic ideas with an ever-expanding circle of writers, musicians, and artists that he frequented, including pianist-composer Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin and writer George Sand. But ultimately he developed a personal conception of beauty that could only be expressed in an individualized manner. \r\nRecent studies have revised the long-standing interpretation of Delacroix as a radical, anticlassical, misunderstood, and unsupported genius. He greatly admired antiquity and the classical authors but insisted on avoiding the narrow or didactic view of them offered by the academies. He may not have emulated classical statuary as sources for his figures, but he did often represent heroic nude figures. For all his insistence on invention, Delacroix retained some sense of documentary reconstruction, for he made numerous studies of costumes and weapons and did other kinds of research before tackling certain subjects. From the beginning and throughout his career, Delacroix received many religious and historical painting commissions, from provincial churches to government buildings, under different rulers and even political systems. His allegorical work Liberty Leading the Barricades (1830-31, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) represents the only painting in which the artist referred to a contemporary political event in France, the revolution that overthrew Louis XVIII and the Bourbon monarchy. This, too, was purchased by the state. In 1833 he was asked to decorate with allegories the Salon du Roi of the Palais Bourbon, the seat of the deputies. Their success brought him additional commissions in the same building, such as the library (1838), and then the library in the senate (1841-46), housed in the Palais du Luxembourg. His historical, religious, and allegorical paintings were often criticized by more conservative critics for a lack of decorum, anatomical distortions, too-bright or unnaturalistic color, and free brushwork, but he continued to find work because he was one of the few artists who continued to explore these \"elevated\" genres and had a sure sense of the decorative. \r\nExtremely prolific, Delacroix accomplished a major mural commission for the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris (1850-63) the year before his death. He was even elected in 1857 to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts, but younger artists consistently regarded him as antiestablishment and a paragon of artistic experimentation. He wrote extensively on art and aesthetic issues, both in his private diaries and for published journals.1\r\n1. Recently, scholars such as Michele Hannoosh, Painting and the Journal of Eugene Delacroix (Princeton, 1995), have examined the content and style of Delacroix's texts for what they might tell about Delacroix the writer as well as the work and creative process of Delacroix the artist.\r\nDelacroix was one of the most innovative and successful painters of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as the last great history painter and his art is the ideal of Romanticism in the visual arts. Delacroix's career is marked by the paradox between the revolutionary and the conventional. He was in conflict with the artist Ingres and was seen as the leading figure of the French Romantic movement; he was famed for undermining the tradition of painting established by David, yet he benefited from official patronage from the beginning of the Restoration (1814-1830) until the Second Empire (1852-1870).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1798", "death_year": "1863", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "not dated", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Comte Palatiano in the Costume of a Palikare"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:36.189000"}, {"id": 119220, "accession_number": "1940.14", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Candelabrum Pair , 1757\u20131758. Fran\u00e7ois Thomas Germain (French, 1726\u20131791). Silver; diameter: 19.9 cm (7 13/16 in.); overall: 38.1 x 24.5 cm (15 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.14", "current_location": null, "title": "Candelabrum Pair ", "creation_date": "1757\u20131758", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1758, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 19.9 cm (7 13/16 in.); Overall: 38.1 x 24.5 cm (15 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.199}, "overall": {"height": 0.381, "width": 0.245}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on base: Fait par F. T. Germain sculpr offre du roy aux galleries du Louvre a Paris 1758.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355295, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: \"Rococo Style in Various Arts", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: \"Rococo Style in Various Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 30, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 701687, "title": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton", "description": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (June 10-July 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "made for the Russian Court in the 1750s. (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These candelabra are part of a dinner service sent from Paris, France to Saint-Petersburg, Russia in two separate shipments, the first of which contained 270 objects for 8 dozen place settings.", "description": "This pair of candelabras were one small part of the Parisian Service, an enormous silver dinner set commissioned by Empress Elisabeth of Russia. This revival of artistic relationships between France and Russia towards the end of her reign was connected to her policy of reconciliation with the French Royalty. Though Elisabeth died before seeing the complete service delivered from Paris to Saint Petersburg it continued to be used well into the reign of Catherine II.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763573"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.14-candelabrum-pair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"French Silver.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 27, no. 6 (June 1940): 87-90", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 87", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140859"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 294", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n59"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n203"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.14", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.14/1940.14_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "744", "filesize": "126693", "filename": "1940.14_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.14/1940.14_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2812", "filesize": "1280372", "filename": "1940.14_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.14/1940.14_full.tif", "width": "12716", "height": "10518", "filesize": "401268600", "filename": "1940.14_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-11-20T15:13:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.14/1940.14_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": "126882"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.14/1940.14_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2717", "filesize": "1007664"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.14/1940.14_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4867", "height": "3889", "filesize": "56808200"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119220, "creators": [{"id": 11713, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Thomas Germain (French, 1726\u20131791)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1726", "death_year": "1791", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1757, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1757\u20131758", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:29.431000"}, {"id": 120843, "accession_number": "1941.566", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mr. Gambier, c. 1776. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 7.9 x 6.9 cm (3 1/8 x 2 11/16 in.); unframed: 5.8 x 2.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.566", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Mr. Gambier", "creation_date": "c. 1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.9 x 6.9 cm (3 1/8 x 2 11/16 in.); Unframed: 5.8 x 2.8 cm (2 5/16 x 1 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.079, "width": 0.069}, "unframed": {"height": 0.058, "width": 0.028}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: none; inscribed in graphite on front of paper at upper right corner: [?][?]2; inscribed on paper backing: in graphite, upside down at upper left: 15; in graphite, on a slant at left center to upper right: Mr. Fitzherbert; inscribed on back of paper in graphite: Mr. [Gambier]; inscribed in brown ink: Gambier ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 8).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory; they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. G. C. Williamson was the first to suggest that Smart\u2019s sketches were well known and that they were preparatory studies for the painted miniatures. Williamson listed the names of sitters from the sketches known to him at the time, and they include Mr. Fitzherbert, the identification formerly given to the sitter in this portrait. Here, the sitter\u2019s head and shoulders are facing left. He has brown eyes and wears his powdered hair en queue. His coat has a narrow collar, under which he wears a high stock collar and frilled vest. The color of his attire is not suggested, and the background remains unpainted. Though long catalogued as Mr. Fitzherbert, the portrait was likely mistakenly designated as such at a later date. There has been confusion regarding several miniatures called Mr. Fitzherbert, which may or may not be related. There was a sketch of a different Mr. Fitzherbert in the Jemmett sale of February 29, 1928; another in the Burton-Jones collection by the 1940s; and a miniature of a Mr. Fitzherbert portrayed nearly full face and dated 1771 was sold at Sotheby\u2019s, London, on August 1, 1934 (lot 73). The present location of these unpublished miniatures is unknown, as is their credibility as portraits of the Mr. Fitzherbert that Smart is known to have painted. When the paper backing of the Cleveland miniature was removed in 1993, the name Gambier was discovered inscribed in graphite and pen on the back. This miniature relates to a portrait of a man on ivory dated 1774, formerly in the Ashcroft collection and at one time on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum. It was sold at Sotheby\u2019s, London, on May 7,1946 (lot 61) and catalogued as a \u201cminiature of a young man, by John Smart, signed and dated, head and shoulders three-quarters sinister, gaze directed at spectator, fair hair en queue, in white cravat, frilled vest and rich red coat, 1 3/8 in.\u201d The size of the portraits correspond, though the ivory miniature represents less of the figure than is seen in the sketch and is therefore smaller. While the color red for the coat is not indicated in the sketch, Smart often left the dress of his male sitters plain in preparatory sketches. Thus, this currently unlocated miniature on ivory can be identified as Mr. Gambier. Research into the identity of this gentleman is ongoing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016504"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.566-portrait-of-mr-gambi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "lot 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 39, pl. XV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n61"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 43, pp. 182-183", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.566", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.566/1941.566_web.jpg", "width": "788", "height": "893", "filesize": "138251", "filename": "1941.566_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.566/1941.566_print.jpg", "width": "3002", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2107853", "filename": "1941.566_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.566/1941.566_full.tif", "width": "4560", "height": "5163", "filesize": "70652056", "filename": "1941.566_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:02:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "769", "height": "893", "filesize": "491380"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2900", "height": "3366", "filesize": "7045626"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2900", "height": "3366", "filesize": "29316968"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T15:29:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "893", "filesize": "564079"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2938", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8230638"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3226", "height": "3733", "filesize": "36159944"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:06:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "475645"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2896", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6546482"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2951", "height": "3464", "filesize": "30699300"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T16:04:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "603391"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2960", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7322693"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3216", "height": "3694", "filesize": "35668060"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T18:58:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "784", "height": "893", "filesize": "124261"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2986", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1959161"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4584", "height": "5218", "filesize": "71780196"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:39:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "110670"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1757259"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.566/1941.566_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120843, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Man"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:41.184000"}, {"id": 120844, "accession_number": "1941.567", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Sukey, Lady Oglander, n\u00e9e Serle, c. 1770s. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 7.7 x 6.5 cm (3 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 5.4 x 3.8 cm (2 1/8 x 1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.567", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Sukey, Lady Oglander, n\u00e9e Serle", "creation_date": "c. 1770s", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.7 x 6.5 cm (3 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 5.4 x 3.8 cm (2 1/8 x 1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.077, "width": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.054, "width": 0.038}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10. 1929 (lot 9).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10. 1929", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886\u20131966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878\u20131957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory, and they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. G. C. Williamson was the first to suggest that Smart\u2019s sketches were well known and that they were preparatory studies for the painted miniatures. Williamson listed the names of sitters from the sketches known to him at the time, and they include Lady Oglander. This portrait was assigned the historically colorful but fictitious title of \u201cDuchess of Bourbon\u201d at some point after memory of its true identity had been lost. Giving illustrious titles to portraits of unknown sitters was a popular strategy adopted by dealers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, often applied to miniature portraits and, in particular, to Smart\u2019s sketches of women. However, when the paper backing was removed from this miniature, the name Lady Oglander was discovered written twice in graphite on the back. The lower inscription seems to have been reinforced or written later and is probably not in the artist\u2019s hand. Compared to his contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u20131829) and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837), whose female sitters were often painted in similar simple white gowns, Smart often lavished more attention on the costumes in his portraits of women, whose dresses incorporated colored silks, printed fabrics, and luxury trimmings like lace and fur, as seen here. The sitter\u2019s head and shoulders face right, and her light hair is dressed high, with flat curls at the back of her head. She has gray eyes and wears a lavender surcoat trimmed with ermine, over a turquoise blue, low-necked dress and white underslip bordered with lace; the ermine trim confirms that the sitter was a titled lady. Smart placed her inside a faintly suggested oval, and the background is unpainted. Sukey, Lady Oglander (n\u00e9e Serle, d. 1805), married Sir William Oglander, 5th Baronet of Nunwell (1733\u20131806), in 1765. She was the only daughter of Peter Serle of Testwood, Hants, and delighted the Oglander family by bringing \u00a310,000 to the marriage. Sukey had eleven children with William, eight of whom survived childhood. The Oglanders were a prominent and well-loved family on the Isle of Wight, their presence on the island first dating from the time of William the Conqueror and lasting until the title expired in 1874 when the last Oglander Baronet of Nunwell died. This preparatory sketch somewhat resembles a miniature on ivory of the same size that sold at Christie\u2019s, London, in 2000. The sitter\u2019s name is unknown, but she wears a nearly identical green wrap gown and underslip and a lavender surcoat, though it is trimmed with brown fur rather than ermine. Her coiffure is similar to that in the preparatory sketch as well, though in the ivory her hair is ornamented with pearls. The facial features, however, differ, with the sketch representing an older woman having somewhat coarser features. While the portrait may have been idealized in the finished ivory version, it is also possible that the sketch was employed primarily for the costume and depicts another sitter entirely. Daphne Foskett lists among Smart\u2019s work portraits of a Dr. John Oglander and a Lady and Miss Oglander. A preparatory sketch by Smart of a Mr. Oglander sold at Christie\u2019s, London, on June 10, 2010. Another preparatory sketch titled Portrait of John Oglander, Warden of New College, Oxford, was sold at Bonhams, London, on October 30, 2001. These sketches are approximately the same size as Cleveland\u2019s Lady Oglander and may have been commissions related by date or patron. The sale of Smart drawings inherited by W. H. Bose and sold at Christie\u2019s, London, in 1937 included a \u201cHead of Miss Oglander,\u201d \u201csister to Sir John Oglander of the Isle of Wight,\u201d but this lot was not illustrated, and its relationship to the sketch discussed here is unknown. John Oglander, Warden of New College, Oxford, was the brother-in-law of Sukey, Lady Oglander, and Miss Oglander was probably her sister-in-law Susannah Oglander (d. 1816).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016506"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.567-portrait-of-sukey-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "lot 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 43, pl. XII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n57"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 35, pp. 162-164", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.567", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.567/1941.567_web.jpg", "width": "812", "height": "893", "filesize": "141591", "filename": "1941.567_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.567/1941.567_print.jpg", "width": "3091", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2103651", "filename": "1941.567_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.567/1941.567_full.tif", "width": "4474", "height": "4921", "filesize": "66071892", "filename": "1941.567_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:35:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "807", "height": "893", "filesize": "526145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2831", "height": "3131", "filesize": "6661794"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2831", "height": "3131", "filesize": "26624900"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T15:45:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "766", "height": "893", "filesize": "579004"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2918", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8534069"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3102", "height": "3614", "filesize": "33663744"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:41:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "803", "height": "893", "filesize": "512622"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2874", "height": "3197", "filesize": "6734174"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2874", "height": "3197", "filesize": "27597288"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T15:59:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "751", "height": "893", "filesize": "548208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2859", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7555396"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3108", "height": "3695", "filesize": "34479376"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T19:07:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "822", "height": "893", "filesize": "133163"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3129", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2060735"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4482", "height": "4870", "filesize": "65504280"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:35:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "107249"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1646729"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.567/1941.567_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120844, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:33.730000"}, {"id": 120848, "accession_number": "1941.570", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of M. de Viapre, c. 1776. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 7.5 x 6.6 cm (2 15/16 x 2 5/8 in.); unframed: 5.1 x 4.5 cm (2 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.570", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of M. de Viapre", "creation_date": "c. 1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.5 x 6.6 cm (2 15/16 x 2 5/8 in.); Unframed: 5.1 x 4.5 cm (2 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.075, "width": 0.066}, "unframed": {"height": 0.051, "width": 0.045}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: none; inscribed on paper backing in graphite, upside down at upper left: 196; also on paper backing on slant at center, in graphite: Sir ?/John/Lester and 11; inscribed on back of drawing, under paper backing in graphite at bottom: Mr De [G?]iaf . . .; and in brown ink from top to bottom:\r\nScarlet Coat\r\n. . . der Bottom [or possibly button]. . .\r\ngreen waistcoat\r\n. . . racelet & Spring\r\n[deli]vrd to Mr. Hall \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 8)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory; they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. G. C. Williamson was the first to suggest that Smart\u2019s sketches were well known and that they were preparatory studies for the painted miniatures. Williamson listed the names of sitters from the sketches known to him at the time, and they include Sir John Lester, the title formerly given to the sketch here. This designation was applied only to a paper backing that had been attached after the drawing had been removed from the sketchbook. There is no further evidence for this attribution, however. This sketch presents only the sitter\u2019s head, with a slight suggestion of a high stock collar. His head faces to the left, and his light hair is combed straight back with a flat curl above the right ear. He has gray eyes, and the background is unpainted. The work can be dated to around 1776 because of its size, which, when painted on ivory, would have been around 2 inches high. An inscription on the back of the drawing was discovered when the paper backing was removed in 1993. It is a fragment of a larger inscription, from which it has been cut. It is partly illegible but suggests that the work was intended to be set in a bracelet, and it gives some information about how the sitter was to appear in the finished miniature, including the description \u201cscarlet coat . . . green waistcoat.\u201d This combination of colors might seem almost flashy, but it appears elsewhere in Smart\u2019s work. These details seem to have been written in Smart\u2019s hand, while the graphite inscription below\u2014\u201cMr. De [?]\u201d\u2014was probably written later in another hand. Miniatures expert Arthur Jaff\u00e9 remarked in 1948 that this portrait probably depicted John Lester of Poole, Dorset, who was knighted in 1802. However, this identity was based solely on the inscription on the later paper backing that Jaff\u00e9 did not have the opportunity to see removed to reveal the inscription in Smart\u2019s hand on the back of the drawing itself. There are no portraits of Sir John Lester known, and to this date, the finished ivory for which this preparatory sketch was presumably undertaken has not been discovered.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016512"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.570-portrait-of-m-de-via"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "Lot 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 38, pl. XII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 42, pp. 179-181", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.570", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.570/1941.570_web.jpg", "width": "792", "height": "893", "filesize": "153683", "filename": "1941.570_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.570/1941.570_print.jpg", "width": "3017", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2192383", "filename": "1941.570_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.570/1941.570_full.tif", "width": "4050", "height": "4564", "filesize": "55474828", "filename": "1941.570_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T17:04:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "795", "height": "893", "filesize": "530797"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2589", "height": "2907", "filesize": "5709877"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2589", "height": "2907", "filesize": "22611484"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T17:40:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "815", "height": "893", "filesize": "621041"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3103", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9268645"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3144", "height": "3444", "filesize": "32514480"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T17:09:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "537909"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2586", "height": "2981", "filesize": "5740841"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2586", "height": "2981", "filesize": "23161692"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T17:00:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "800", "height": "893", "filesize": "569738"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3045", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7802889"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3132", "height": "3496", "filesize": "32875716"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T19:36:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "893", "filesize": "141144"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2961", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1990515"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3967", "height": "4554", "filesize": "54219420"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:22:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "112280"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1741322"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.570/1941.570_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120848, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sir John Lester"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:42.927000"}, {"id": 121266, "accession_number": "1942.1138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Hon. Anne Annesley, later Countess of Mountnorris, c. 1800. Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame; framed: 9 x 7.3 cm (3 9/16 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 8.3 x 6.4 cm (3 1/4 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1138", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of the Hon. Anne Annesley, later Countess of Mountnorris", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9 x 7.3 cm (3 9/16 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 8.3 x 6.4 cm (3 1/4 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.09, "width": 0.073}, "unframed": {"height": 0.083, "width": 0.064}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "C. W. F. Baker-Courtenay, Cumberland, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's London, Nov. 1929).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "After 1929-1942", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Another version of this portrait is nearly identical to the Cleveland miniature and was likely for another friend or member of Anne's family.", "description": "Anne Annesley (n\u00e9e Courtenay, 1774\u20131835) was the eighth daughter of William 2nd Viscount Courtenay, and sister of William 3rd Viscount Courtenay, who commissioned numerous paintings of himself and his six sisters from Richard Cosway in oil and miniature. William\u2019s expenditure for these works between 1790 and 1812 reached \u00a31,370, a bill that wasn\u2019t paid in full until 1820. Anne married George Annesley, later 2nd Earl of Mountnorris, in September 1790. Cosway, who frequently depicted female sitters in gauzy white gowns, lavished attention on Anne\u2019s attire. Her pale yellow coat is lined with fur that is sensitively delineated with a combination of short brushstrokes distinct from those that form her dark, wavy hair. Fur-trimmed jackets like this one would probably have been worn indoors by women during the colder months.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017046"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1138-portrait-of-the-hon"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. Richard Cosway, R.A., and His Wife and Pupils: Miniaturists of the Eighteenth Century. London: George Bell & Sons, 1897.", "page_number": "facing p. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 9; Reproduced: pl. XVII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 282", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 66, pp. 252-254", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1138", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1138/1942.1138_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "89913", "filename": "1942.1138_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1138/1942.1138_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1008954", "filename": "1942.1138_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1138/1942.1138_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022112", "filename": "1942.1138_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-05-24T14:02:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "386774"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2558", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4277193"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3936", "height": "5232", "filesize": "61801448"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-05T19:15:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "766", "height": "893", "filesize": "361262"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2918", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4450003"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4269", "height": "4975", "filesize": "63748468"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-08T20:18:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "98680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1166312"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1138/1942.1138_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121266, "creators": [{"id": 3700, "description": "Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Richard Cosway was Arguably the most fashionable miniature painter in London during the art form\u2019s golden age in late-eighteenth-century Britain. Also an accomplished painter in oils, Cosway was equally well known for his flamboyant character and the stunning art collection that secured his reputation as an arbiter of taste and model of connoisseurship. His elegant portraits in miniature were coveted by sitters who sought glamour even if it was at the expense of truthfulness. Cosway and his wife, Maria (ne\u00e9 Hadfield), maintained an elite circle of friends who helped define what was au courant for the age and who consisted primarily of cultural luminaries and young members of high society revolving around George Augustus Frederick, the prince of Wales himself. His steady patronage from 1780 until 1808 fixed Cosway\u2019s popularity within fashionable society. From 1785 Cosway\u2019s miniatures were signed on the back: \u201cPrimarius Pictor Serenissimi Walliae Principis\u201d (Principal Painter to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales), a pompous Latin designation that garnered the artist both fame and ridicule. Cosway was a successful artist-celebrity in his own time, and, in spite of being criticized periodically for being too superficially pretty, his miniatures have always been among the most desired by collectors. The Cleveland Museum of Art owns five miniatures by Cosway, painted between 1785 and 1805, that are representative of the artist\u2019s stylistic range during the height of his career.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1742", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Woman (Anne, Countess of Mountnorris)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:01.464000"}, {"id": 121287, "accession_number": "1942.1157", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of an Officer, c. 1794. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in a contemporary gold frame with plain back; framed: 6.5 x 5.4 cm (2 9/16 x 2 1/8 in.); unframed: 6.4 x 5.4 cm (2 1/2 x 2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1157", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of an Officer", "creation_date": "c. 1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1793, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, late 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a contemporary gold frame with plain back", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 6.5 x 5.4 cm (2 9/16 x 2 1/8 in.); Unframed: 6.4 x 5.4 cm (2 1/2 x 2 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.065, "width": 0.054}, "unframed": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.054}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335553, "title": "John Smart - Miniaturist", "description": "John Smart - Miniaturist. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 9-31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1942", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The uniform worn by this unknown sitter identifies him as an Indian militia officer.", "description": "The unknown sitter has powdered hair, brown eyes, a ruddy complexion, and facial hair stubble. He wears a red military coat with black facings, gold buttons, gold epaulet, a white waistcoat, and frilled cravat. His uniform identifies him as an Indian militia officer, though his precise rank cannot be determined since his left shoulder is not visible. The background is mottled gray. The red of the officer\u2019s coat is also painted in red on the back of the ivory support. Back-painting was a process employed by miniaturists to heighten the brilliancy of certain colors, especially in a sitter\u2019s costume and on the face to enhance bright eyes or pink lips and cheeks. John Smart did not back-paint all of his works, using the technique selectively in portraits in which he wished to achieve a particularly bright color that would show through the back due to the translucency of the thin ivory. The miniature is housed in a contemporary gold frame. This portrait is unsigned and undated, which was an unusual practice for Smart and may be explained by the existence of a variant of this portrait signed and dated \u201cJS / 1794 / I.\u201d Daphne Foskett reproduces the signed work in her 1987 catalogue and refers to the Cleveland miniature as a \u201creplica.\u201d The Cleveland portrait may have been a second version by Smart, who sometimes did not sign even the copies he executed himself. This variant is probably the one referred to by Arthur Jaff\u00e9 as being formerly in the Warneck collection and sold in Paris on April 11, 1924, by the dealer Leo Schidlof. By 1976 it was in the Asprey collection in London. The miniature was then sold at auction at Christie\u2019s, London, on March 17, 1987 (lot 141) and purchased by David Berkeley, Channel Islands. The sales catalogue identifies the gentleman as an officer of the 5th Madras Native Infantry; however, when Berkeley contacted the National Army Museum in London regarding the identification of the uniform, he was told that this attribution was incorrect, as that regiment had black facing colors only after 1798.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017099"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1157-portrait-of-an-offic"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, no. 36, pl. X", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n57"}, {"citation": "Smart, John, and Rose E. Taggart. John Smart - Miniaturist, 1741/42-1811: Starr Collection of Consecutively Dated Miniatures and Special Loan Exhibition : William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, Decmeber 9, 1965 to January 2, 1966. Kansas City, Mo: The Gallery, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. Miniatures: Dictionary and Guide. Woodbridge, Suffolk, United Kingdom: Antique Collectors' Club, 1987.", "page_number": "P)l. 31A [for variant of this miniature]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 32, pp. 150-152", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1157", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1157/1942.1157_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84022", "filename": "1942.1157_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1157/1942.1157_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "974943", "filename": "1942.1157_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1157/1942.1157_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021356", "filename": "1942.1157_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-08T15:51:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "757", "height": "893", "filesize": "463143"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2883", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5514585"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3902", "height": "4601", "filesize": "53892112"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T14:59:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "488686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2855", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6034105"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3366", "height": "4008", "filesize": "40503308"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-07T19:13:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "96410"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1065920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1157/1942.1157_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022072"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121287, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1793, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:13.797000"}, {"id": 121904, "accession_number": "1942.215", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Imperially Commissioned Set of Ink Sticks with Images and Poems of Famous West Lake Sites (\u5fa1\u88fd\u897f\u6e56\u540d\u52dd\u5716\u8a69\u7843\u9320), 1780\u201394. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Molded ink in yellow, blue, black, green, red, brown, white, and gold; average: 3.9 x 8.3 cm (1 9/16 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Henry W. Kent, 1942.215", "current_location": null, "title": "Imperially Commissioned Set of Ink Sticks with Images and Poems of Famous West Lake Sites", "title_in_original_language": "\u5fa1\u88fd\u897f\u6e56\u540d\u52dd\u5716\u8a69\u7843\u9320", "creation_date": "1780\u201394", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Molded ink in yellow, blue, black, green, red, brown, white, and gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Average: 3.9 x 8.3 cm (1 9/16 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.048, "length": 0.096}, "part 10": {"width": 0.036, "length": 0.106}, "part 7": {"width": 0.031, "length": 0.102}, "part 1": {"width": 0.042, "length": 0.074}, "part 2": {"width": 0.036, "length": 0.094}, "part 3": {"width": 0.032, "length": 0.076}, "part 4": {"width": 0.048, "length": 0.064}, "part 5": {"width": 0.039, "length": 0.078}, "across top": {"height": 0.039, "width": 0.039}, "across ends": {"width": 0.039, "length": 0.102}, "average": {"height": 0.039, "width": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": "Inscription on the side of each ink cake.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "The inscription in mother of pearl inlay on the box\u2019s cover says: Imperially Made Gold Inscribed Poems of Images of [the Ten] Sights of the Westlake.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "The poems on the ink sticks are published in Yuzhi shiji \u5fa1\u88fd\u8a69\u96c6 [Collection of imperial poetry], vol. 4, juan 71, 6b\u20138b; and Qinding nanzun shengdian \u6b3d\u5b9a\u5357\u5de1\u76db\u5178 [Grand ritual of the southern tour], juan 17, 17b\u201328b.", "inscription_translation": "", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517479, "title": "History of The Chinese Book", "description": "History of The Chinese Book. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (organizer) (April 1-May 15, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry W. Kent [1866\u20131948], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The inscription in mother-of-pearl inlay on the box\u2019s cover says: Imperially Made Gold Inscribed Poems of Images of [the Ten] Sights of the Westlake.", "description": "Each ink stick depicts one of the Ten Scenes of the West Lake on one side, and a corresponding imperial poem on the other, composed on emperor Qianlong\u2019s fifth southern inspection tour in 1780. Notably, the ink sticks\u2019 colors and shapes correspond with the poems\u2019 respective content.
An inscription on one ink stick identifies this set as a gift to the emperor by Jiang Lan, an official from Anhui, a province known for its excellence in ink, paper making, and printing. Imperial records note that 10 more sets of West Lake inks were presented as a tribute by Gioroi Giking (Chinese: Jueluo Jiqing, 1753\u20131802), a Zhejiang provincial governor and a bannerman (Manchu native).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750357"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.215-set-of-ten-ink-cakes", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.215-imperially-commissio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The poems on the ink sticks are published in Yuzhi shiji \u5fa1\u88fd\u8a69\u96c6 [Collection of imperial poetry], vol. 4, juan 71, 6b\u20138b; and Qinding nanzun shengdian \u6b3d\u5b9a\u5357\u5de1\u76db\u5178 [Grand ritual of the southern tour], juan 17, 17b\u201328b.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wang Chi-chien. \"Notes on Chinese Ink.\" Metropolitan Museum Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Dec. 1930), pp. 114\u2013133.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1522772"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"A Gift of Chinese Inks.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan., 1946), pp. 3\u20135, 11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 3\u20135, 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141247"}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \u201cThe Power of Writing: A new display in the Chinese galleries focuses on inscriptions.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 5 (September/October 2018): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-05/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 374\u2013375, no. 206", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.215", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.215/1942.215_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "626", "filesize": "185612", "filename": "1942.215_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.215/1942.215_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2366", "filesize": "2054204", "filename": "1942.215_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.215/1942.215_full.tif", "width": "10962", "height": "7627", "filesize": "250854344", "filename": "1942.215_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-06-23T14:44:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "900", "filesize": "105432"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2648", "height": "3400", "filesize": "958215"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5770", "height": "7410", "filesize": "128295972"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-24T08:54:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "263731"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2918881"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5858", "height": "7388", "filesize": "129865768"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-24T08:54:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "900", "filesize": "214546"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2620", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2688443"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215/1942.215_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5795", "height": "7520", "filesize": "130762936"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Henry W. Kent", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121904, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1780\u201394", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Set of Ink Cakes", "Set of Ten Ink Cakes with Poems of the Ten Scenes at the West Lake in Cursive Script Style (xingshu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:51.635000"}, {"id": 123417, "accession_number": "1943.648", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Anna Walmesley, 1795. Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with hair reverse; image: 6.4 x 5.6 cm (2 1/2 x 2 3/16 in.); framed: 7.5 x 6 cm (2 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); sight: 6.7 x 5.4 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1943.648", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Anna Walmesley", "creation_date": "1795", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with hair reverse", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Image: 6.4 x 5.6 cm (2 1/2 x 2 3/16 in.); Framed: 7.5 x 6 cm (2 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Sight: 6.7 x 5.4 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.056}, "framed": {"height": 0.075, "width": 0.06}, "sight": {"height": 0.067, "width": 0.054}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Walmesley Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof, Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Engraved on the top of the frame is the name Anna Walmesley, but because this was a common name, the museum has yet to discover any information about the sitter or to confirm her identity.", "description": "Sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamelist Henry Bone, and Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter Richard Cosway. Cosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork that leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes that made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise among legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786\u20131830. Andrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and, perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses, and large appealing eyes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900600"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.648-portrait-of-anna-wal"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 29, pl. XX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n67"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. 1983.", "page_number": "gallery guide, listed", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 300", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 56, pp. 224-225", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.648", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.648/1943.648_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "85481", "filename": "1943.648_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.648/1943.648_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "874780", "filename": "1943.648_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.648/1943.648_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022028", "filename": "1943.648_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-09-25T12:38:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "439856"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5384314"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3644", "height": "4716", "filesize": "51589208"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-26T19:51:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "457825"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2739", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5422495"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3234", "height": "4014", "filesize": "38984976"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T18:51:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "105069"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1130957"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.648/1943.648_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022064"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123417, "creators": [{"id": 3718, "description": "Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1763", "death_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1795", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:50.349000"}, {"id": 130637, "accession_number": "1953.357", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rama and Lakshmana Fighting Ravana, from a Dashavatara (Ten Incarnations [of Vishnu]) series, c. 1765. Northern India, Pahari Region, Himachal Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Chamba, Court of Raj Singh (reigned 1764\u201394). Gum tempera and gold on paper; painting: 21.2 x 15.8 cm (8 3/8 x 6 1/4 in.); overall: 26.8 x 19.4 cm (10 9/16 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1953.357", "current_location": null, "title": "Rama and Lakshmana Fighting Ravana, from a Dashavatara (Ten Incarnations [of Vishnu]) series", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari Region, Himachal Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Chamba, Court of Raj Singh (reigned 1764\u201394)"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 21.2 x 15.8 cm (8 3/8 x 6 1/4 in.); Overall: 26.8 x 19.4 cm (10 9/16 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.212, "width": 0.158}, "overall": {"height": 0.268, "width": 0.194}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[top border, in Takri]] sri raja ram lachhamana avatara", "inscription_translation": "Sri Raja Rama and Lakshmana incarnation [of Vishnu]", "inscription_remark": "Written in white on the red border, typical of Chamba", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518572, "title": "Rajput Painting", "description": "Rajput Painting. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "Images of the Mind. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131953", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rama and Lakshmana wield divine bows in their fight against the ten-headed demon Ravana.", "description": "Against the dark green and foreboding landscape, the final and much-anticipated battle between the demon king Ravana and the mighty princes Rama and Lakshmana unfolds. Ravana wields twenty weapons, including a poisonous snake in his front left hand. The blue Rama aims an enchanted crescent-shaped arrow at bees emitted from the donkey head at the apex of Ravana\u2019s ten crowns. The arrow and bees stand for powerful mantras, or magical incantations, that can destroy one\u2019s enemies. The impending defeat of Ravana will fulfill the purpose of Vishnu\u2019s incarnation as Rama.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516376"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.357-rama-and-lakshmana-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 68.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 108, pp. 268\u2013269", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Images of the Mind. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Diane de Selliers, ed., Ra\u0304ma\u0304yan\u0323a. Volume VI. Paris: Diane de Selliers E\u0301diteur, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biardeau, Madeleine, and Porcher, Marie-Claude. Ra\u0304ma\u0304yan\u0323a: Illustre\u0301 par les Miniatures Indiennes du XVIe au XIXe Sie\u0300cle. Pairs: Diane de Selliers, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 359.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.357", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.357/1953.357_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "900", "filesize": "322347", "filename": "1953.357_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.357/1953.357_print.jpg", "width": "2497", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3605668", "filename": "1953.357_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.357/1953.357_full.tif", "width": "8541", "height": "11628", "filesize": "297975852", "filename": "1953.357_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-05-04T18:29:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.357/1953.357_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "517953"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.357/1953.357_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2488", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7437777"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.357/1953.357_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4146", "height": "5665", "filesize": "70499680"}}, {"date_created": "2022-12-07T15:52:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.357/1953.357_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "900", "filesize": "309679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.357/1953.357_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2498", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3473093"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.357/1953.357_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8542", "height": "11627", "filesize": "297984152"}}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130637, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-08-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rama and Lakshmana fighting Ravana", "Rama and Lakshmana fighting Ravana, from a set of Vishnu avatara paintings"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:49.739000"}, {"id": 168427, "accession_number": "2010.206", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Under apron (iinkciya), 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Xhosa-style (South Nguni) maker. Leather, glass beads, and sinew; overall: 34 x 18 x 2.5 cm (13 3/8 x 7 1/16 x 1 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.206", "current_location": null, "title": "Under apron (iinkciya)", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Xhosa-style (South Nguni) maker"], "technique": "Leather, glass beads, and sinew", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Overall: 34 x 18 x 2.5 cm (13 3/8 x 7 1/16 x 1 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.34, "width": 0.18, "depth": 0.025}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "The Language of Beauty in African Art. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 72", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Maurice Joy, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "dates unknown", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Kevin Conru, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2006", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal Art Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Women made beaded \"aprons\" like this to wear under their clothes on festive occasions in the nineteenth century; expensive imported beads were a sign of wealth and status.", "description": "This is an exquisite example of a rare type of swallowtail-shaped apron worn by young female initiates until the mid-19th century. On the upper portion, the black beads were applied in such a way that they can be read as a human face or even as a full figure. In fact, the overall form of the apron can be viewed as representing the lower torso and legs of a woman with a neatly marked pubic region.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760348"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.206-under-apron-iinkciya"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Conru, Kevin, Anne de Knock, and Conru Primitive Art (Firm). 2005. Conru : Southeast African and Oceanic Art. Brussels: Conru, p. 17 and back cover.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pemberton, John, and Smith College Museum of Art. 2008. African Beaded Art : Power and Adornment. Northampton, Mass: Smith College Museum of Art, cat. 101.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn, Karel Nel, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 2011. The Art of Daily Life : Portable Objects from Southeast Africa. Cleveland, Milan, New York: Cleveland Museum of Art ; 5 Continents Editions ; Distributed in U.S. by Harry N. Abrams, p. 67, fig. 4 and p. 71, fig. 13.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. The language of beauty in African art. 2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.206", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.206/2010.206_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "893", "filesize": "293153", "filename": "2010.206_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.206/2010.206_print.jpg", "width": "2295", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4863888", "filename": "2010.206_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.206/2010.206_full.tif", "width": "4102", "height": "6077", "filesize": "74809592", "filename": "2010.206_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-24T18:54:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.206/2010.206_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "615", "height": "893", "filesize": "263128"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.206/2010.206_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2341", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4688691"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.206/2010.206_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4308", "height": "6256", "filesize": "80878280"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168427, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:37.933000"}, {"id": 122439, "accession_number": "1942.712", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase with Chi-Dragon Handles and Flowers and Birds, 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-95). Porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over transparent glaze; overall: 27.3 cm (10 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.712", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Vase with Chi-Dragon Handles and Flowers and Birds", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over transparent glaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 27.3 cm (10 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.273}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong mark", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Collection of Old Chinese Porcelains formed by George R. Davies, Esq. Dreicer & Co., New York, NY (Autumn 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Reynolds Davies, Esq. [1843 or 44-1918], Hartford, Cheshire, England, sold to Gorer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1913", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edgar Ezekiel Gorer [1872-1915], London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Edgar Ezekiel Gorer (1872-1915) was an interior decorator and dealer in 'Oriental' works of art based at 170 New Bond Street, London. He started in business with his father, Solomon Lewis Gorer (1842-1907), so at various times the company was called Messrs. S. Gorer & Son or the Indo-China Curio Trading Company.\r Edgar Gorer died in the sinking of the Cunard liner RMS Lusitania off the coast of Ireland by a German submarine.
"], "date": "1913-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1942", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This four-sided vase with ovoid body, spreading foot, and short neck is decorated with birds, trees, and flowers in various enamels. The two dragon handles are decorated with floral designs in gold on a rouge-de-fer ground.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762339"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.712-vase-with-chi-dragon"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gorer, Edgar, and J. F. Blacker. Chinese Porcelain and Hard Stones. London: B. Quaritch, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Vol. II, pl. 226", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davies, George R. Collection of Old Chinese Porcelains Formed by George R. Davies. London: Printed by G.W. Jones, at the sign of the Dolphin, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 37, p. 15; Reproduced: plate III, facing p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/collectionofoldc00davirich"}, {"citation": "\u201cChinese Porcelain in the Davies Collection.\u201d The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs, vol. 23, no. 123, 1913, pp. 162\u2013167.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/859384"}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76, cat. no. 204", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n80"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cDepartment of Oriental Art: Chinese Ceramics and Jades.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 29, no. 9, 1942, pp. 150\u2013157.", "page_number": "", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141018"}, {"citation": "Zauho\u0304 Kanko\u0304kai \u5ea7\u53f3\u5bf6\u520b\u884c\u6703. Sekai to\u0304ji zenshu\u0304 [Catalogue of World's Ceramics = \u4e16\u754c\u9676\u78c1\u5168\u96c6]. Vol. 12. \u6e05\u671d\u7bc7\u30fb\u9644\u5b89\u5357. \u30bf\u30a4Qing Dynasty, Annam, Thailand. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kawade Shobo\u0304 Shinsha, 1955.", "page_number": "p. 180, fig. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 889", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 271", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n295"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 271", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n295"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 360", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n380"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.712", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.712/1942.712_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "300912", "filename": "1942.712_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.712/1942.712_print.jpg", "width": "2664", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3656504", "filename": "1942.712_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.712/1942.712_full.tif", "width": "3560", "height": "4544", "filesize": "48560748", "filename": "1942.712_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-08-30T15:30:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "893", "filesize": "290348"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2525", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3451699"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3311", "height": "4459", "filesize": "44322092"}}, {"date_created": "2005-08-30T15:35:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "224049"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2171", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2895871"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2872", "height": "4498", "filesize": "38784444"}}, {"date_created": "2005-08-30T15:42:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "893", "filesize": "228999"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2153", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2815303"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2923", "height": "4617", "filesize": "40516252"}}, {"date_created": "2005-08-30T15:50:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "201525"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2759", "height": "2065", "filesize": "756610"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.712/1942.712_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2759", "height": "2065", "filesize": "17114488"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122439, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vase with rouge-de-fer Handles: Guyuexuan Ware", "Vase with rouge-de-fer Handles: Ku-yueh-hs\u00fcan Ware"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:38.142000"}, {"id": 142361, "accession_number": "1966.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kneeling Angel, c. 1760. Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775). Gessoed and painted wood; overall: 83.5 x 39 x 23.5 cm (32 7/8 x 15 3/8 x 9 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.18", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Kneeling Angel", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Munich, 18th century"], "technique": "gessoed and painted wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 83.5 x 39 x 23.5 cm (32 7/8 x 15 3/8 x 9 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.835, "width": 0.39, "depth": 0.235}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 205841, "title": "Loan exchange", "description": "Loan exchange. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (September 1, 2010-April 1, 2014).", "opening_date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "art market, Munich, 1950s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This angel, and another now in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, were probably originally placed on either side of a tabernacle\u2014a structure designed to hold the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist\u2014on an altar in a Christian church or private chapel. The angels would originally have had wings, and the now plain surface of the sculpture would have been painted or gilded. Ignaz G\u00fcnther was among the most sought-after carvers of religious sculpture in southern Germany. His virtuoso skill is particularly evident here in the angel\u2019s pious expression and elegantly formed hands and feet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759665"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.18-kneeling-angel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Gerhard Woeckel, \"Unbekannte Religi\u00f6se Bildwerke und Handzeichnungen Ignaz G\u00fcnthers.\" Alte und Moderne Kunst 86 (Mai-Juni 1966): 20-26.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, January--March, 1966.\" The Art Quarterly XXIX, no. 2 (Summer 1966): 165-186.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 10, p. 277; Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110."}, {"citation": "Wolfgang Stechow, \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" ARTnews (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44; reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard. \u201cFifty Years of the Cleveland, Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\u201d Connoisseur 163 (October 1966): 128\u201335.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Woeckel, Gerhard P. Ignaz Gu\u0308nther: die Handzeichnungen des kurfu\u0308rstlich bayerischen Hofbildhauers Franz Ignaz Gu\u0308nther (1725-1775). Weissenhorn, Germany: A. Konrad, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 529", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n186"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Dissertation, Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University,1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 351", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.18/1966.18_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "893", "filesize": "255194", "filename": "1966.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.18/1966.18_print.jpg", "width": "2203", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3513787", "filename": "1966.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.18/1966.18_full.tif", "width": "4011", "height": "6190", "filesize": "74592896", "filename": "1966.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-02-23T18:50:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "893", "filesize": "211349"}, "print": {"url": 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"585", "height": "893", "filesize": "204914"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2227", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3839717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3672", "height": "5606", "filesize": "61784832"}}, {"date_created": "2009-02-23T19:32:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "535", "height": "893", "filesize": "195438"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2037", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3314138"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3560", "height": "5942", "filesize": "63489876"}}, {"date_created": "2009-02-23T19:42:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": 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{"date_created": "2009-02-23T20:05:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "846", "filesize": "553031"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2277", "filesize": "4099609"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "3684", "filesize": "60816528"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-05T19:49:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "338397"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2549", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4330384"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.18/1966.18_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4280", "height": "5707", "filesize": "73325296"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 142361, "creators": [{"id": 12250, "description": "Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1775", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:24.386000"}, {"id": 126566, "accession_number": "1948.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rank Badge (buzi), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Silk, satin weave; silk and metal thread embroidery; overall: 27.3 x 26 cm (10 3/4 x 10 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1948.72", "current_location": null, "title": "Rank Badge (buzi)", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "silk, satin weave; silk and metal thread embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 27.3 x 26 cm (10 3/4 x 10 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.273, "width": 0.26}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312081, "title": "A Study Exhibition of Chinese Textiles of the Ming and Ch'ing Periods", "description": "A Study Exhibition of Chinese Textiles of the Ming and Ch'ing Periods. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 1947-October 9, 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300432, "title": "Meaning of Nature in Chinese Art", "description": "Meaning of Nature in Chinese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-June 1, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-04-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A mythical, deerlike creature with a single horn, called a xiezhi, would adorn the rank badge for a censor of the imperial government.", "description": "Rank badges (also called rank insignia or Mandarin squares) were used in China during the Ming (1368\u20131644) and Qing (1644\u20131911) dynasties to demonstrate the wearer\u2019s rank. In 1391, new clothing regulations directed court officials to wear decorative squares indicating their rank\u2014birds for civil officials and animals for military officials. During the Qing dynasty rank badge design was regulated, and certain creatures were associated with specific ranks. Qing badges depict a representation of the universe with a landscape and a central creature, surrounded by clouds and facing the sun. The sun represented the emperor and this composition showed the official\u2019s loyalty to him. An official\u2019s wife wore rank badges that mirrored her husband\u2019s. Most of the examples in CMA\u2019s collection depict creatures facing a sun on the left. Attached to the front and back of a ceremonial robe, rank badges were woven in pairs with identical imagery. One was divided vertically up the center to attach to the front of a robe with a center opening. Rank badges are generally square or rectangular, although round examples exist. They are typically satin weave or slit tapestry weave (kesi) silk. Satin weave badges often have dark backgrounds with silk and/or metal thread embroidery. Some badges incorporate peacock feathers or beads. Late in the Qing dynasty appliqu\u00e9 replaced embroidery to allow for quicker production and a change in rank.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79906128"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.72-rank-badge-buzi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler. \u201cThe Development of the Mandarin Square.\u201d Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 8, no. 2 (1944): 71\u2013130.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler. \u201cEmbroidery Techniques in Old China.\u201d Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America 16 (1962): 16\u201340.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler. \u201cCostume in China, 1644 to 1912.\u201d Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 75, no. 326 (1979).", "page_number": "p. 3\u201319", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler V.R.\" Other Mandarin Squares: Korean, Annamese and Unfamiliar Examples.\" Arts of Asia. [Kowloon, Hong Kong]: [Arts of Asia Publications], (March-April 1992).", "page_number": "p. 115-126", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u9999\u6e2f\u5e02\u653f\u5c40\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u6771\u65b9\u9676\u74f7\u5b78\u6703\u5408\u8fa6 ; \u907c\u5be7\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5354\u8fa6 ; \u9999\u6e2f\u85dd\u8853\u9928\u7c4c\u5283 = Heavens' embroidered cloths : one thousand years of Chinese textiles / jointly presented by the Urban Council, Hong Kong and the Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong ; in association with the Liaoning Provincial Museum ; organized by the Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong. Urban Council, Hong Kong. Urban Council, Hong Kong Museum of Art, Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong, \u907c\u5be7\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9928, Hong Kong Museum of Art, Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong, and Liaoning Sheng bo wu guan. \u9326\u7e61\u7f85\u8863\u5de7\u5929\u5de5. Hong Kong: Urban Council, 1995.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wrigglesworth, Linda. \"Making the Grade\", the Badge of Rank III: Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties : December 4th to 24th 1996, London. London: Linda Wrigglesworth, 1996.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jackson, Beverley, and David Hugus. Ladder to the Clouds: Intrigue and Tradition in Chinese Rank. Berkeley, Calif: Ten Speed Press, 1999.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hall, Chris. Power Dressing: Textiles for Rulers and Priests from the Chris Hall Collection. Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watt, James C. Y. \u201cThe Giraffe As the Mythical Qilin in Chinese Art: A Painting and a Rank Badge in the Metropolitan Museum.\u201d Metropolitan Museum Journal 43 (2008): 111\u201315.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.72/1948.72_web.jpg", "width": "951", "height": "893", "filesize": "820236", "filename": "1948.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.72/1948.72_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3193", "filesize": "9783150", "filename": "1948.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.72/1948.72_full.tif", "width": "4158", "height": "3905", "filesize": "48755428", "filename": "1948.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126566, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-05-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Insignia Square"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:49.699000"}, {"id": 159900, "accession_number": "1997.191", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wild Sow and Her Young Attacked by Dogs, 1748. Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755). Pen and brown and gray ink, brown and gray wash, heightened with white gouache on light brown laid paper; sheet: 37.7 x 51.7 cm (14 13/16 x 20 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1997.191", "current_location": null, "title": "Wild Sow and Her Young Attacked by Dogs", "creation_date": "1748", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Pen and brown and gray ink, brown and gray wash, heightened with white gouache on light brown laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "light brown laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.7 x 51.7 cm (14 13/16 x 20 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.377, "width": 0.517}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signd, lower left, in brown ink: JB. Oudry 1748", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nijman (Neyman), Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1776", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Basan, Paris, July 8-11, 1776, no. 613, sold to Fouquet)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Sold for 80 livres according to annotated copy of sale catalogue at INHA, Paris.
"], "date": "1776", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Fouquet", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1776-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "F\u00e4sch family, Basel", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private Collection, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Marianne Joannides, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1997", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Though Oudry was a prolific draftsman, he purposely kept his drawings during his lifetime, hoping that they would be an asset for his heirs after his death.", "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry began his career as a portraitist but gradually became known for his paintings of animals and hunting scenes. These images attracted the attention of Louis XV, and Oudry became one of France's foremost decorative painters during the king's reign. Here, the artist highlighted a violent battle between a sow and a group of dogs. The drawing relates to one of Oudry's most successful Salon paintings, which was exhibited to great acclaim in 1748. The sketchy lines and lack of detail throughout the sheet suggest that it was likely a study made in preparation for the later canvas, which was purchased by Louis XV and installed in one of his homes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980254"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.191-wild-sow-and-her-you"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "
Catalogue d'une belle collection de dessins italiens, flamands, hollandois, et fran\u00e7ois...le tout rassembl\u00e9 avec soins & d\u00e9penses, par M. Neyman, Amateur \u00e0 Amsterdam (Paris: Basan, 1776).
", "page_number": "Lot 613", "url": null}, {"citation": "Locquin, Jean. Catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre de Jean-Baptiste Oudry, peintre du roi (1686-1755). Paris: Jean Schemit, 1912.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 125, no. 675", "url": null}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal N. Jean-Baptiste Oudry. New York: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 738, no. D612", "url": null}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal N. J.-B. Oudry, 1686-1755. Exh. Cat. Fort Worth, TX: Kimball Art Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 204, under no. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Annual Report 1997. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32; Mentioned: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor European Porcelain Crucifix, Pre-Columbian Figure, and Other Works Added to CMA Collection,\u201d December 3, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4165"}, {"citation": "\"Principales Acquisitions des Mus\u00e9es en 1997.\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts 131 (March 1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51, no. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Acquires Oudry and Long.\" Drawing 19 (Winter-Spring 1998): 101.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 41, p. 11, pp. 110-111, 288-289; Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Locquin 675", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.191", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.191/1997.191_web.jpg", "width": "1216", "height": "893", "filesize": "235216", "filename": "1997.191_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.191/1997.191_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2496", "filesize": "1568440", "filename": "1997.191_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.191/1997.191_full.tif", "width": "5830", "height": "4281", "filesize": "74899784", "filename": "1997.191_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.191/1997.191_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1235", "height": "893", "filesize": "904893"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.191/1997.191_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1481", "filesize": "2463359"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.191/1997.191_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1481", "filesize": "9102412"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159900, "creators": [{"id": 1949, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1748", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:40.263000"}, {"id": 161268, "accession_number": "1999.45", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of an Official (\uad00\ub8cc\ucd08\uc0c1 [\u5b98\u50da\u8096\u50cf]), early 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; painting only: 147.7 x 76.4 cm (58 1/8 x 30 1/16 in.); overall: 218.9 x 89.6 cm (86 3/16 x 35 1/4 in.); overall with knobs and cord: 221.9 x 96.9 cm (87 3/8 x 38 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1999.45", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of an Official", "title_in_original_language": "\uad00\ub8cc\ucd08\uc0c1 [\u5b98\u50da\u8096\u50cf]", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1840, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 147.7 x 76.4 cm (58 1/8 x 30 1/16 in.); Overall: 218.9 x 89.6 cm (86 3/16 x 35 1/4 in.); Overall with knobs and cord: 221.9 x 96.9 cm (87 3/8 x 38 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.595, "width": 0.91}, "painting only": {"height": 1.477, "width": 0.764}, "with borders": {"height": 1.563, "width": 0.865}, "overall": {"height": 2.189, "width": 0.896}, "overall with knobs and cord": {"height": 2.219, "width": 0.969}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 12, 2013-January 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-06-12T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "National Palace Museum, Seoul, South Korea (September 11-October 13, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-09-11T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(The Chinese Porcelain Company, New York, NY, sold to the Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1998-1999", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Joseph P. Carroll, Ltd., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A piece of leopard skin covering the chair is a typical gift from the royal court to court officials.", "description": "The quest of capturing one\u2019s spirit through imagery held a special place in the tradition of portrait making in East Asia. A portrait\u2019s resemblance to the subject was considered to be a way to transmit the sitter\u2019s spirit to the viewer. A three-quarter view, much preferred in Joseon-period portraits like this one, allows the viewer to examine the sitter\u2019s personality or spirit without an exchange of glances.
Dressed in a pale pink court uniform, the gentleman sits on a chair draped with leopard skin, a symbol of royal favor. Due to the missing inscription, which was likely trimmed off, we cannot identify him. Yet, we know a few things: His uniform informs us that he worked in the royal court sometime during the 1700s or later because the color of office uniforms changed from dark green to pale pink in the early 1700s. Considered to be an important historical family relic, this type of full-length portrait was often placed above the spirit house and venerated during ancestral worship rituals.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477953"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.45-portrait-of-an-offic"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Portrait Paintings in Korea [\ud55c\uad6d\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c]. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Tae-ho. Realism in Late-Joseon Period Painting [\uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \ud68c\ud654 \uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc815\uc2e0. Seoul: Hakkojae, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Contemporary German Painting Acquired by CMA,\u201d June 9, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4262"}, {"citation": "Portraits of the Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Great Korean Portraits. Seoul: Dolbegae Publishers, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Yeong-ju. \"Study on Joseon-Period Korean Portraits in Formatted in Hanging Scroll [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc871\uc790\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c].\" Misul sahak no. 28 (2014): 61\u201395.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02488829"}, {"citation": "The Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation. \"Support for Conservation and Use of the Korean Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 320\u2013323. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 320-323, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jung-Jae Conservation Center. \"The Conservation Report on Two Korean Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Portrait of a Scholar Official.\" In The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 334\u2013345. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 334\u2013345", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.45", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.45/1999.45_web.jpg", "width": "465", "height": "893", "filesize": "67904", "filename": "1999.45_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.45/1999.45_print.jpg", "width": "1771", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1048450", "filename": "1999.45_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.45/1999.45_full.tif", "width": "3405", "height": "6536", "filesize": "66788564", "filename": "1999.45_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161268, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:43.731000"}, {"id": 112626, "accession_number": "1931.245", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Supper at Emmaus, c. 1720. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Oil on canvas; framed: 133.4 x 167 x 9.5 cm (52 1/2 x 65 3/4 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 108 x 140.6 cm (42 1/2 x 55 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1931.245", "current_location": null, "title": "The Supper at Emmaus", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 133.4 x 167 x 9.5 cm (52 1/2 x 65 3/4 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 108 x 140.6 cm (42 1/2 x 55 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.334, "width": 1.67, "depth": 0.095}, "unframed": {"height": 1.08, "width": 1.406}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"Piaceta f.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "The Venetian Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445664, "title": "Painting in Italy in the Eighteenth Century, Rococo to Romanticism", "description": "Painting in Italy in the Eighteenth Century, Rococo to Romanticism. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (September 19-November 8, 1970); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (December 2, 1970-January 9, 1971); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (February 7-March 21, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995); Museo di Ca' Rezzonico, Venezia VE, Italy (May 25-September 30, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Florence, Pitti Palace, 1922: \"mostra della pittura italiana del seicento e settecento,\" cat. no. 750 (catalogue by Roberto Longhi, et. al.).", "opening_date": "1922-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New ork, Durlacher Brothers, November 19-December 8, 1934: \"An Exhibition of Venetian Painting 1600-1800,\" cat. no. 14.", "opening_date": "1934-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition,\" cat. no. 162, plate XXXVIII.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, May 25-September 9, 1940: \"Golden Gate International Exposition,\" cat. no. 163, repr.", "opening_date": "1940-05-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Northampton, mas., Smith College Museum of Art, February 6-February 26, 1947: \"Italian Baroque Painting,\" cat. no. 27.", "opening_date": "1947-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Worcester (Mass.) Art Museum, April 9-May 16, 1948: \"Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Art of Europe during the XVI-XVII Centuries,\" cat. no. 22.", "opening_date": "1948-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 29.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Balitmore Museum of Art, 1968: \"From El Greco to Pollock,\" cat. no. 38, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venice, Doge's Palace, June 7-October 15, 1969: \"Dal Ricci al Tiepolo, i pittori di figura del settecento a Venezia,\" cat. no. 58, illus. pp. 138-39, (catalogue by Pietro Zampetti).", "opening_date": "1969-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Art Institute of Chicago, September 19, 1970-March 21, 1971: \"Painting in Italy in the 18th Century,\"", "opening_date": "1970-09-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Giovanni Paolo Baglioni, San Cassiano, Venice, 1787", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "the family of Castiglioni, San Cassiano, Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Count Castiglioni (Padua, Italy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Italico Brass (Venice, Italy), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1931.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This painting depicts the biblical story of the Supper at Emmaus, when the disguised, resurrected Christ suddenly reveals himself to two astonished disciples as they all sit down to dinner. The artist has painted the figures\u2019 hands and the objects on the table meticulously, but leaves other details vague, including the background drapery, in order to heighten the unfolding drama.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513388"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.245-the-supper-at-emmaus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n62"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 424", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n78"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n167"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n167"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 387-389; Reproduced: p. 388", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Brucher, Gu\u0308nter. Geschichte Der Venezianischen Malerei. Wien: Bo\u0308hlau, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282, abb. 236, Bd. 8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.245", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.245/1931.245_web.jpg", "width": "1170", "height": "893", "filesize": "691839", "filename": "1931.245_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.245/1931.245_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2596", "filesize": "5777914", "filename": "1931.245_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.245/1931.245_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4199", "filesize": "69315012", "filename": "1931.245_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112626, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-06-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:50.992000"}, {"id": 126772, "accession_number": "1949.187.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pontifical Ceremony in SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1782, c. 1783. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 69.2 x 87 x 11.4 cm (27 1/4 x 34 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 51.4 x 68.8 cm (20 1/4 x 27 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1949.187.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Pontifical Ceremony in SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1782", "creation_date": "c. 1783", "creation_date_earliest": 1778, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 69.2 x 87 x 11.4 cm (27 1/4 x 34 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 51.4 x 68.8 cm (20 1/4 x 27 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.692, "width": 0.87, "depth": 0.114}, "unframed": {"height": 0.514, "width": 0.688}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361397, "title": "Mostra dei Guardi", "description": "Mostra dei Guardi. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (June 5-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223614, "title": "Il Gran Teatro del Mondo: L'Anima e il Volto del Settecento", "description": "Il Gran Teatro del Mondo: L'Anima e il Volto del Settecento. Palazzo Reale, Milano, Italy (November 10, 2003-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223563, "title": "Splendore a Venezia: Art and Music from the Renaissance to Baroque in the Serenissima", "description": "Splendore a Venezia: Art and Music from the Renaissance to Baroque in the Serenissima. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (October 12, 2013-January 19, 2014); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 15-May 11, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 293521, "title": "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe", "description": "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 25-May 20, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Springfield (Massachusetts), Museum of Fine Arts, 1937: \"Francesco Guardi, 1712-1793,\" cat. nos. 5 and 6, repr.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1938: \"Venetian Paintings from the Fifteenth through the Eighteenth Century,\" cat. nos. 35 and 36 repr.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, World's Fair, 1939; \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. nos. 171 and 172.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron (Ohio) Art Institute, May 10-June 19, 1955: \"Masterpiece Series,\" listed in program", "opening_date": "1955-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venice, Italy, Palazzo Grassi, June 5-October 10, 1965: \"Mostra dei Guardi,\" cat. no. 142, repr. (Te Deum only sent to exhibition, with incorrect dimensions) (catalogue by Pietro Zampetti).", "opening_date": "1965-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palazzo Reale, Milan (11/10/2003 - 5/2/2004): \"Il Gran Teatro del Mondo: L'Anima e il Volto del Settecento\", ex. cat. no. II.56, p. 416-417.", "opening_date": "2003-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec (10/12/2013 - 1/19/2014) and Portland Art Museum, OR (2/15/2014 - 5/11/2014): \"Splendore a Venezia: Art and Music from the Renaissance to Baroque in the Serenissima\"", "opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (02/25/2018-05/20/2018): \"Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe\"", "opening_date": "2018-02-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jakob Goldschmidt, Berlin, 1929, and New York;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Galerie Matthiessen, Berlin, 1944];", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Jacques Seligman & Co., New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1949.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1949.188"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The second scene in the series depicts Pius VI celebrating mass in the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, one of the largest churches in Venice and the pope\u2019s residence during his stay. The mass included a performance of the Te Deum, a prayer of thanksgiving set to music by the Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi (1678\u20131741). Traditionally, the Te Deum was recited in thanks to God for a special blessing, including a papal election or a royal coronation, and thus was appropriate for this historic papal visit.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515663"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.187.2-pontifical-ceremony"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cTwo Historical Pictures by Francesco Guardi.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 37, no. 3 (March 1950): 48\u201354.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53-54; Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141620"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 431", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n79"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 157A, p. 355 - 358", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n166"}, {"citation": "Succi, Dario, and Francesco Guardi. Francesco Guardi. Milan : Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222; Reproduced: p. 226, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.187.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187.2/1949.187.2_web.jpg", "width": "1203", "height": "893", "filesize": "787085", "filename": "1949.187.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187.2/1949.187.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2523", "filesize": "5843807", "filename": "1949.187.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187.2/1949.187.2_full.tif", "width": "5196", "height": "3856", "filesize": "60138056", "filename": "1949.187.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-12-21T14:57:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187.2/1949.187.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1199", "height": "893", "filesize": "1014629"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187.2/1949.187.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2533", "filesize": "7340411"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187.2/1949.187.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3725", "filesize": "55912840"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126772, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-06-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1778, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1949.187", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:27.908000"}, {"id": 143146, "accession_number": "1967.130", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of a Screaming Man (recto); Woman and Man Playing Cards (verso), 1792. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Black crayon; sheet: 32.3 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1967.130", "current_location": null, "title": "Head of a Screaming Man (recto); Woman and Man Playing Cards (verso)", "creation_date": "1792", "creation_date_earliest": 1787, "creation_date_latest": 1797, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "black crayon", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 18th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "width": 0.407}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309860, "title": "America Draws", "description": "America Draws. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1984-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310295, "title": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art", "description": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 1-July 22, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Sven Gahlin, Ltd.].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Benjamin West was born into poverty in rural Pennsylvania, the youngest of ten children, but rose to become the first American artist to train in Italy and command a successful career as a history painter in England.", "description": "Born in rural Pennsylvania, trained in Italy, and based in London for the entirety of his career, Benjamin West exemplifies the transatlantic character of colonial-era American art. In England, his success as a history painter propelled him to the position of court painter by 1772. West\u2019s study of the head of a screaming man, believed to be done in preparation for a now-lost painting commissioned by King George III (1738\u20131820), was likely not drawn from life. It was modeled on the ideas of French artist Charles LeBrun (1619\u20131690), whose lectures on depicting the passions of the soul were surely known to the academic West. Working out the facial expression of terror, West emphasized the musculature of the man\u2019s neck, jawline, and brow with thick, emphatic strokes. He employed light brown paper as a midtone and rubbed shadows beneath the man\u2019s chin and flying hair. The purpose of the drawing is not entirely understood. In Pharaoh and His Host Lost in the Red Sea, an oil sketch West likely executed prior to Cleveland\u2019s drawing, the dramatic twist of the pharaoh\u2019s screaming head strongly resembles that in Cleveland\u2019s sheet. However, a drawing in Boston believed to depict the lost painting indicates a composition quite different from West\u2019s oil sketch, leaving the role of this crayon study in the creation of the final painting uncertain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80043421"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.130-head-of-a-screaming"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 321; Mentioned: p. 345, no. 127", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 200-201, 295; Reproduced: P. 201, cat. no. 82", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.130", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130/1967.130_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "354", "filesize": "229055", "filename": "1967.130_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130/1967.130_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1337", "filesize": "2483262", "filename": "1967.130_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130/1967.130_full.tif", "width": "8173", "height": "3214", "filesize": "78828624", "filename": "1967.130_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-02-27T19:47:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.130/1967.130_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "715", "filesize": "289589"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.130/1967.130_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2702", "filesize": "3743168"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.130/1967.130_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4165", "height": "3310", "filesize": "41384800"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143146, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1787, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1792", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:49.957000"}, {"id": 144854, "accession_number": "1969.77", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dog with pups, c. 1780. India, Rajasthan, Ajmer, probably Sawar school, 18th century. Gum tempera and ink on paper; image: 22 x 16.5 cm (8 11/16 x 6 1/2 in.); overall: 18.7 x 25 cm (7 3/8 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William E. Ward in memory of her father, Charles Svec, 1969.77", "current_location": null, "title": "Dog with pups", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Rajasthan, Ajmer, probably Sawar school, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 22 x 16.5 cm (8 11/16 x 6 1/2 in.); Overall: 18.7 x 25 cm (7 3/8 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.22, "width": 0.165}, "overall": {"height": 0.187, "width": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "A Cleveland Bestiary. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115); August 13, 2003 - February 18, 2004.", "opening_date": "2003-08-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The newborn puppies are still too young to open their eyes.", "description": "Dogs were kept in the Mughal imperial palace and attentively cared for by one keeper for every two hunting dogs. Akbar\u2019s biography notes that the emperor liked dogs so much he imported different breeds from distant lands, and Jahangir requested English hunting dogs from the ambassador Sir Thomas Roe. The tradition of collecting and keeping dogs was continued by the succeeding emperors and vassal kings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470690"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.77-dog-with-pups"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 308", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n328"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. A Cleveland Bestiary. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36; Mentioned: p. 33, p. 62", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.77", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.77/1969.77_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "641", "filesize": "130997", "filename": "1969.77_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.77/1969.77_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2420", "filesize": "1587646", "filename": "1969.77_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.77/1969.77_full.tif", "width": "7507", "height": "5344", "filesize": "120382560", "filename": "1969.77_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William E. Ward in memory of her father, Charles Svec", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144854, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bitch with Litter"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:07.375000"}, {"id": 152429, "accession_number": "1985.257", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lady with a Parasol, early 1800s. Koikawa Harumasa (Japanese). Hanging scroll; ink, color, gold, and silver pigments on paper; mounted: 189.4 x 40 cm (74 9/16 x 15 3/4 in.); painting only: 103 x 27.6 cm (40 9/16 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith, 1985.257", "current_location": null, "title": "Lady with a Parasol", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink, color, gold, and silver pigments on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Mounted: 189.4 x 40 cm (74 9/16 x 15 3/4 in.); Painting only: 103 x 27.6 cm (40 9/16 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.879, "width": 0.45}, "painting only": {"height": 1.03, "width": 0.276}, "mounted": {"height": 1.894, "width": 0.4}, "mounted with knobs": {"height": 1.894, "width": 0.45}, "knob diam": {"depth": 0.026}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310240, "title": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection", "description": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14-November 13, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Later Japanese Art Rotation (Gallery 113). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 4, 2003-March 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-12-04T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Rain and Snow: The Umbrella in Japanese Art. Japan Society, New York, NY (April 28\u2013June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heisando, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Kelvin Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, Cleveland, OH, given by Mrs. Kelvin [Eleanor Armstrong] Smith [1899\u20131998] to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["332.1977"], "did_you_know": "Spatters of white paint represent falling snow.", "description": "This painting depicts a young woman braving the elements as she hurries home from the local bathhouse. The action depicted accentuates her slender neck and bare legs. In later Japanese art, images of beautiful women in bare feet and a towel between their teeth have sensual overtones.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475545"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.257-lady-with-a-parasol"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jenkins, Donald. \u201cPaintings of the Floating World.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 244\u2013278.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. III", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160038"}, {"citation": "Meech, Julia. Rain and Snow: The Umbrella in Japanese Art. New York: Japan Society, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 37, p. 86", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.257", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.257/1985.257_web.jpg", "width": "259", "height": "900", "filesize": "98407", "filename": "1985.257_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.257/1985.257_print.jpg", "width": "978", "height": "3400", "filesize": "884899", "filename": "1985.257_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.257/1985.257_full.tif", "width": "2274", "height": "7905", "filesize": "53957380", "filename": "1985.257_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-01-21T15:34:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.257/1985.257_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "220", "height": "900", "filesize": "82671"}, "print": {"url": 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"alternate_titles": ["Lady with a Parasol"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:29.251000"}, {"id": 153403, "accession_number": "1986.87", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar with Design in Underglaze Iron (\ubc31\uc790 \ucca0\ud654\ud638), 1800s\u20131900s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Porcelain with underglaze iron; outer diameter: 34.2 cm (13 7/16 in.); overall: 33 cm (13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, L. E. Holden Fund, 1986.87", "current_location": null, "title": "Jar with Design in Underglaze Iron", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \ucca0\ud654\ud638", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Outer diameter: 34.2 cm (13 7/16 in.); Overall: 33 cm (13 in.)", "dimensions": {"outer diameter": {"width": 0.342}, "overall": {"height": 0.33}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.199}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.128}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 290449, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 13-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 452567, "title": "Old and New in Korean Art", "description": "Old and New in Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 28, 2022-April 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert W. Moore, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131986", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This type of Korean porcelain work featuring unfinished and raw quality inspired many European ceramists including Bernard Leach (1887\u20131979), the father of British studio pottery.", "description": "The potter\u2019s splashed sketchy brushwork in underglaze over the somewhat rough surface gives this jar a strikingly modern look. This type of Korean porcelain work featuring unfinished and raw qualities served as a source of inspiration for many European ceramists in the mid-1900s, particularly British studio potters who searched for a new set of aesthetics that favored bold and abstract design.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.87-jar-with-design-in-u"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. History of Korean Ceramics [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.87", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.87/1986.87_web.jpg", "width": "1015", "height": "893", "filesize": "89037", "filename": "1986.87_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.87/1986.87_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2990", "filesize": "1241444", "filename": "1986.87_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.87/1986.87_full.tif", "width": "4392", "height": "3863", "filesize": "50933508", "filename": "1986.87_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "L. E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153403, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:48.886000"}, {"id": 120849, "accession_number": "1941.571", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mr. Shippard, c. 1776. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 8.5 x 7.3 cm (3 3/8 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 5.7 x 3.7 cm (2 1/4 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.571", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Mr. Shippard", "creation_date": "c. 1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.5 x 7.3 cm (3 3/8 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 5.7 x 3.7 cm (2 1/4 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.085, "width": 0.073}, "unframed": {"height": 0.057, "width": 0.037}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed very faintly in graphite on front at upper right: 161; on back (paper backing to which drawing paper was adhered) inscribed in graphite, at top upside down: 161; also on paper backing in graphite, on a slant at lower left: Mr. Jones; inscribed on back of drawing, beneath paper backing, in graphite: \r\nMr Shippar[d]\r\nlarge Bracelet \r\nsize\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 8).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory, and they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say whether or not it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when its contents was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. G. C. Williamson was the first to suggest that Smart\u2019s sketches were well known and that they were preparatory studies for the painted miniatures. Williamson listed the names of sitters from the sketches known to him at the time, and they include a Mr. Jones, the title formerly given to the sketch here. This designation was applied only to a paper backing that had been attached after the drawing had been removed from the sketchbook. There is no further evidence for this attribution, however. The sketch is of the sitter\u2019s head only, with a slight suggestion of a high stock collar. His head faces to the left, and his light hair is combed straight back with a flat curl above his right ear. He is depicted in an oval, and the background is unpainted. The number 161 is inscribed in graphite on both the front of the drawing and its paper backing. Upon removal of the paper backing in 1993, an inscription in graphite was revealed. Perhaps written in the artist\u2019s hand, it suggests that the sitter\u2019s name may be Mr. Shippar[d]. There are no known portraits of this gentleman. The work can be dated to about 1776 because of its size, which, when painted on ivory, would have been around 2 inches in height. An inscription on the back of the drawing suggests that the miniature was to be mounted on a bracelet. To this date, the finished ivory for which this preparatory sketch was presumably undertaken has not been discovered.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016514"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.571-portrait-of-mr-shipp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 41, pl. XIV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n61"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 67.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 41, pp. 177-178", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.571", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.571/1941.571_web.jpg", "width": "728", "height": "893", "filesize": "130081", "filename": "1941.571_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.571/1941.571_print.jpg", "width": "2772", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1959337", "filename": "1941.571_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.571/1941.571_full.tif", "width": "4632", "height": "5680", "filesize": "78951504", "filename": "1941.571_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T17:12:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "464147"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2783", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6370749"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2946", "height": "3599", "filesize": "31840356"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T17:28:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "559980"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2911", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8793989"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3401", "height": "3972", "filesize": "40556240"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T17:17:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "736", "height": "893", "filesize": "468496"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2804", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6467349"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2962", "height": "3591", "filesize": "31942072"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T17:04:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "552873"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2899", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7950014"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3426", "height": "4018", "filesize": "41323940"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T19:46:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "123796"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2800", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1914924"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4620", "height": "5608", "filesize": "77749140"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:17:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "105615"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1614881"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.571/1941.571_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120849, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mr. Jones"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:04.736000"}, {"id": 121265, "accession_number": "1942.1137", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1790. Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with blue and white enamel; framed: 5.9 x 5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 5 x 4 cm (1 15/16 x 1 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1137", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, late 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with blue and white enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 5.9 x 5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 5 x 4 cm (1 15/16 x 1 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.059, "width": 0.05}, "unframed": {"height": 0.05, "width": 0.04}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1928", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1795 the English government began to tax hair powder, resulting in the rapid abandonment of both wigs and powdered hair.", "description": "Painted during the early part of Richard Cosway\u2019s mature career, this portrait of an unknown man exhibits the artist\u2019s characteristic proportionality, with head enlarged in relation to the shoulders and eyes enlarged in relation to the rest of the face. The effect is to draw the viewer\u2019s attention to the sitter\u2019s eyes, which heightens the already intimate experience of looking at a miniature. This young sitter wears a high collar popular in the late 1780s and has powdered his hair, worn en queue rather than wearing a wig, which by 1790 was used primarily by older, conservative men. Measuring under 2 inches high, this miniature is modest in size for Cosway during this period, when the format of his miniatures expanded to 3 inches. Factors such as size, elaborateness of costume, and how much of the body was depicted all determined how much an artist would charge for a miniature. Smaller miniatures were obviously more portable and adaptable to being worn as jewelry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017043"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1137-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 6; Reproduced: plate XVI", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 282", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 65, pp. 250-251", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1137", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1137/1942.1137_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "92935", "filename": "1942.1137_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1137/1942.1137_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "935192", "filename": "1942.1137_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1137/1942.1137_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022024", "filename": "1942.1137_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-12-18T19:23:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "893", "filesize": "417982"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2072", "height": "2750", "filesize": "3774742"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2072", "height": "2750", "filesize": "17128920"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T14:32:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "893", "filesize": "432382"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2761", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5411154"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3212", "height": "3955", "filesize": "38140296"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-14T15:13:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "99151"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1086190"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1137/1942.1137_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021360"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121265, "creators": [{"id": 3700, "description": "Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Richard Cosway was Arguably the most fashionable miniature painter in London during the art form\u2019s golden age in late-eighteenth-century Britain. Also an accomplished painter in oils, Cosway was equally well known for his flamboyant character and the stunning art collection that secured his reputation as an arbiter of taste and model of connoisseurship. His elegant portraits in miniature were coveted by sitters who sought glamour even if it was at the expense of truthfulness. Cosway and his wife, Maria (ne\u00e9 Hadfield), maintained an elite circle of friends who helped define what was au courant for the age and who consisted primarily of cultural luminaries and young members of high society revolving around George Augustus Frederick, the prince of Wales himself. His steady patronage from 1780 until 1808 fixed Cosway\u2019s popularity within fashionable society. From 1785 Cosway\u2019s miniatures were signed on the back: \u201cPrimarius Pictor Serenissimi Walliae Principis\u201d (Principal Painter to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales), a pompous Latin designation that garnered the artist both fame and ridicule. Cosway was a successful artist-celebrity in his own time, and, in spite of being criticized periodically for being too superficially pretty, his miniatures have always been among the most desired by collectors. The Cleveland Museum of Art owns five miniatures by Cosway, painted between 1785 and 1805, that are representative of the artist\u2019s stylistic range during the height of his career.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1742", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man in Light Blue Coat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:27.312000"}, {"id": 121283, "accession_number": "1942.1153", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Young Man, c. 1805. Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837). Watercolor on ivory in original gold frame; framed: 8.3 x 7 cm (3 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 7.9 x 6.5 cm (3 1/8 x 2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1153", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Young Man", "creation_date": "c. 1805", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in original gold frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.3 x 7 cm (3 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 7.9 x 6.5 cm (3 1/8 x 2 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.083, "width": 0.07}, "unframed": {"height": 0.079, "width": 0.065}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscription at lower left indiscernible\r\nlabel at top of back: 266", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1942", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sitter has been traditionally identified as a member of the famous Baring banking family although which brother we are unsure.", "description": "This miniature is an extremely fi ne example of Andrew Plimer\u2019s mature work. Painted around 1805, the artist eschews the Richard Cosway-esque blue sky background he so often adopted for an elaborate network of crosshatching over a rich brown ground, into which the sitter almost dissolves. He has gray eyes and light brown hair and wears a grayish-brown coat and a white collar. His gaze firmly meets that of the viewer. The painting is housed in its original gold frame, the verso of which has a curl of light brown hair fastened with a band of pearls on white opalescent glass under clear glass. There is also a paper label of unknown origin at the top, on which is written \u201c226.\u201d The sitter\u2019s hair is worn \u00e0 l\u2019antique (hair cut short and worn in curls, especially around the forehead), a style sported by men after the turn of the century that harks back to the coiffures of statesmen of ancient Rome.1 In addition, this sitter\u2019s brown hair is completely unpowdered, as was fashionable among young men at the turn of the century. The hair is beautifully delineated by small, undulating parallel lines. This sitter has been traditionally identified as a member of the famous Baring banking family. There is a miniature portrait of Thomas Baring (1772\u20131848) painted by George Engleheart (1752\u20131829) in 1803 in the museum\u2019s collection. His brother George Baring (1781\u20131854) was also painted by Engleheart around 1805. The young man in this portrait by Plimer might also be one of the other three Baring brothers: Alexander, 1st Baron Ashburton (1774\u20131848), Henry (1776\u20131848), or William (1779\u20131820). Of the four brothers with extant portraits, the Plimer sitter bears the closest resemblance to Alexander because of his piercing, narrow eyes. Yet the c. 1810 portrait of Alexander by Thomas Lawrence is too dissimilar, having features that could not have been the product of an intervening period of only five years. Since it does not bear a striking likeness to any of these extant portraits, this miniature cannot be definitively identified as a member of the Baring family. Both of the Baring family portrait miniatures in Cleveland\u2019s collection were purchased by Edward Greene from the dealer Leo Schidlof on 6 August 1928, suggesting that they may have come from the same collection before entering into Schidlof\u2019s hands.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017088"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1153-portrait-of-a-young"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art,1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 27, pl. XXI", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n67"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 300", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 58, pp. 229231", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1153", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1153/1942.1153_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "88319", "filename": "1942.1153_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1153/1942.1153_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1043777", "filename": "1942.1153_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1153/1942.1153_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022032", "filename": "1942.1153_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-02T18:23:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "893", "filesize": "359638"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2370", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4222893"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3784", "height": "5429", "filesize": "61661484"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T17:27:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "893", "filesize": "389952"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2687", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4566204"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3552", "height": "4495", "filesize": "47929936"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-08T19:10:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "95368"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1072236"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1153/1942.1153_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021872"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121283, "creators": [{"id": 3718, "description": "Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1763", "death_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1805", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:54.594000"}, {"id": 123411, "accession_number": "1943.640", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, 1795. George Engleheart (British, 1752\u20131829). Watercolor on ivory in an original gold frame; framed: 7.6 x 6.2 cm (3 x 2 7/16 in.); sight: 7 x 5.7 cm (2 3/4 x 2 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1943.640", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "1795", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in an original gold frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.6 x 6.2 cm (3 x 2 7/16 in.); Sight: 7 x 5.7 cm (2 3/4 x 2 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.076, "width": 0.062}, "sight": {"height": 0.07, "width": 0.057}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Musuem of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Harry Waechter (1871-1929), Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia (now Harare, Zimbabwe))", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1929-1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Engleheart charged 10 to 12 guineas for his miniature portraits; such a fee would have been within the means of aristocratic and upper-middle-class patrons.", "description": "Executed around 1795, this work exhibits strong yet restrained tones. The background is painted in muted gray-browns, not the bright blue cloudy sky for which George Engleheart became known. The sitter\u2019s position is somewhat awkward, with his shoulders nearly squared with the picture plane but his head in a three-quarter view. He wears a gray coat with fabric-covered buttons and the high collar fashionable in the 1790s. His hair is carefully delineated with dark gray brushstrokes applied over a pale gray ground. The sitter\u2019s powdered hair is worn long, and his dark, deep-set eyes cast shadows that lend drama to the portrait. This proto-romantic sensibility is characteristic of the artist\u2019s work between 1780 and 1795, as is its relatively modest size. Painted on ivory measuring 6.9 centimeters high, it is the smaller format of Engleheart miniatures before the turn of the century, after which the format expanded, as seen in the museum\u2019s other two works by the artist. The portrait is unsigned, which is typical for his works of this period. The simple gold frame is original. The work was in the collection of Sir Harry Waechter, Bart., the British businessman and philanthropist, until his 1929 death at his home in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900585"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.640-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 11; Reproduced: pl. XVII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 286", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 61, pp. 239-240", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.640", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.640/1943.640_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "91026", "filename": "1943.640_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.640/1943.640_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1019122", "filename": "1943.640_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.640/1943.640_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022176", "filename": "1943.640_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-03T20:23:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "893", "filesize": "381875"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2589", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4657130"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "5269", "filesize": "63450140"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T15:26:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "893", "filesize": "458077"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2746", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5663808"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3747", "height": "4640", "filesize": "52189104"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T19:25:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "104630"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1126579"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.640/1943.640_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022064"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. 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Hanna Jr. Fund, 1977.182.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Tureen", "creation_date": "1735\u201338", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1738, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 36.9 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (14 1/2 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.); Average: 35 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (13 3/4 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.369, "width": 0.384, "depth": 0.318}, "average": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.384, "depth": 0.318}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved Meissonnier signature.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442564, "title": "Tanke och form i rokokon (18th Century: Thought and Form in the Rococo Age)", "description": "Tanke och form i rokokon (18th Century: Thought and Form in the Rococo Age). 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Morgan, 1909-?; (Charles and Richard Comyns, London, 1925-1926); anonymous owner(s) until 1977; (Peter Zervudachi, Galerie du Lac, Vevey, Switzerland).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The langoustine, pigeon, and vegetables were cast using real examples giving the silver copies lifelike detail and appearance.", "description": "See entry for cover record 1977.182.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756525"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.182.a-tureen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. Knockouts: a pocket guide. 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Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; overall single page: 36.8 x 22.1 cm (14 1/2 x 8 11/16 in.); painting: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Elephant, Horse, and Hare", "series": "Album of Miscellaneous Subjects", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall single page: 36.8 x 22.1 cm (14 1/2 x 8 11/16 in.); Painting: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}, "overall single page": {"height": 0.368, "width": 0.221}, "overall double pages": {"height": 0.353, "width": 0.446}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Six seals appearing on the leaves:\n\nMin Zhen \u9594\u8c9e; Zheng zhai \u6b63\u9f4b; Qingqiao \u9752\u6a4b; Zhen \u8c9e; Liao tang \u84fc\u5858; Min Zhen zhi yin \u9594\u8c9e\u4e4b\u5370\u3002", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 12-November 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 26\u2013April 26, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 27\u2013June 25, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-06-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71a"], "did_you_know": "The artist might have seen an elephant in the imperial zoo when he worked in Beijing from 1773 to 1784.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen.
The album was painted for the artist's friend Dailili Shanren in exchange for a scholar\u2019s stone. The paintings demonstrate Min Zhen\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life. This leaf, Elephant, Horse, and Hare, seems to exhibit a contest, and may be associated with the recipient\u2019s affinity to Buddhism (elephant), Confucianism (horse), and Daoism (hare).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475725"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.1-elephant-horse-and-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.11", "current_location": null, "title": "Banana Plants", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Six seals appearing on the leaves:\n\nMin Zhen \u9594\u8c9e; Zheng zhai \u6b63\u9f4b; Qingqiao \u9752\u6a4b; Zhen \u8c9e; Liao tang \u84fc\u5858; Min Zhen zhi yin \u9594\u8c9e\u4e4b\u5370\u3002", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 27\u2013June 25, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-06-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71k"], "did_you_know": "Min Zhen was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality,", "description": "Min Zhen was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen.
This album was painted for his friend Dailili Shanren in exchange for a scholar\u2019s stone. The paintings demonstrate the artist\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life. While two paintings are rendered in unconventional compositions seen from above (Cat and Butterfly CMA 1985.71.5) and below (Banana Plant CMA 1985.71.11), they have a humorous touch. The banana plant stands for the world of literati but can also allude to Buddhism.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475732"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.11-banana-plants"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.5", "current_location": null, "title": "Cat and Butterfly", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Six seals appearing on the leaves:\n\nMin Zhen \u9594\u8c9e; Zheng zhai \u6b63\u9f4b; Qingqiao \u9752\u6a4b; Zhen \u8c9e; Liao tang \u84fc\u5858; Min Zhen zhi yin \u9594\u8c9e\u4e4b\u5370\u3002", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 15, 2000\u2013March 26, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-11-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71e"], "did_you_know": "Cat and butterfly are homophones for the characters \u201cmao die\u201d \u8004\u800b (octogenarian), so this painting expresses hope that the artist's friend will live a long life.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. 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The album was painted for his friend Dailili Shanren in exchange for a scholar\u2019s stone. The paintings demonstrate the artist\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life. While two leaves are rendered in unconventional compositions seen from above (Cat and Butterfly CMA 1985.71.5) and below (Banana Plant CMA 1985.71.11), they have a humorous touch. \u201cCat and butterfly\u201d is a homophone for the Chinese characters \u201cmao die,\u201d meaning \u201coctogenarian,\u201d and express the wish for the recipient\u2019s longevity. The banana plant stands for the world of literati but can also allude to Buddhism.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475747"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.5-cat-and-butterfly"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 462\u2013465", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.71.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_web.jpg", "width": "572", "height": "893", "filesize": "347970", "filename": "1985.71.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_print.jpg", "width": "2179", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4795378", "filename": "1985.71.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_full.tif", "width": "4307", "height": "6720", "filesize": "86850188", "filename": "1985.71.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-04-21T18:08:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "554", "height": "893", "filesize": "333234"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2109", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5982499"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3969", "height": "6398", "filesize": "76210456"}}, {"date_created": "2010-04-20T19:52:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "893", "filesize": "353650"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2183", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5857218"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.5/1985.71.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4188", "height": "6522", "filesize": "81971656"}}], "creditline": "John L. 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Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.6", "current_location": null, "title": "Su Dongpo", "title_in_original_language": "\u8607\u6771\u5761", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription by Min Chen on the last leaf:\r\n\r\nI have a habit of collecting strange rocks. My friend Tai-li shan-jen* treasures my paintings as much as I treasure strange rocks. Once we agreed to exchange what we love with each other. However, my busy activities have kept me from carrying this out. This summer I realized that this strange rock has been sitting in my studio for five years, so I painted this to fulfill my old promise. As a record, I chose the grotesque cliff in the last scene of this twelve-leaf album. Cheng-chai, Min Chen inscribed this on the sixth day of the sixth month [July 9] of the wu-shen year [1788].\r\n\r\n* Tai-li shan-jen is Wang Li [tzu: Li-fu] tr. Hou-mei Ishida\r\n\r\nSix seals appearing on the leaves:\r\n\r\nMin Chen, Cheng-chai, Ching-ch'iao, Chen, Liao-t'ang, Min Chen chih-yin.\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 21\u2013October 29, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 8\u2013November 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10\u2013April 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-04-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71f"], "did_you_know": "Su Dongpo \u8607\u6771\u5761 (1037\u20131101) is the likely model, but the gentleman is holding an incense burner instead of an ink stone more commonly associated with the famed poet.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen. This album demonstrates Min\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475750"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.6-su-dongpo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 462\u2013465", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.71.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_web.jpg", "width": "572", "height": "893", "filesize": "299580", "filename": "1985.71.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_print.jpg", "width": "2179", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4316768", "filename": "1985.71.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_full.tif", "width": "4307", "height": "6720", "filesize": "86850188", "filename": "1985.71.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-04-21T18:13:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "557", "height": "893", "filesize": "297284"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2120", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5609577"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3976", "height": "6374", "filesize": "76058468"}}, {"date_created": "2010-04-20T19:55:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "893", "filesize": "302858"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2182", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5331611"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.6/1985.71.6_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4193", "height": "6533", "filesize": "82207792"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152830, "creators": [{"id": 31140, "description": "Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9594\u8c9e", "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1985.71", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Su Tung-p'o Grinding Ink"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:11.967000"}, {"id": 155627, "accession_number": "1990.70", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Poet Fisherman (\uc7a5\uc9c0\ud654 \uc5b4\ubd80\uc0ac (\u5f35\u5fd7\u548c\u6f01\u7236\u8a5e)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Album leaf from a set; ink and color on silk; overall: 22.5 x 24 cm (8 7/8 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1990.70", "current_location": null, "title": "Poet Fisherman", "title_in_original_language": "\uc7a5\uc9c0\ud654 \uc5b4\ubd80\uc0ac (\u5f35\u5fd7\u548c\u6f01\u7236\u8a5e)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "album leaf from a set; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 22.5 x 24 cm (8 7/8 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.225, "width": 0.24}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5c45\u6c5f\u6e56\u81ea\u7a31\u70df\u6ce2\u91e3\u5f92\n\u5782\u91e3\uf967\u5f79\u990c\n\u5fd7\u4e0d\u5728\u9b5a\u4e5f", "inscription_translation": "inscription in upper right.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 22-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kang Collection, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131990", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The lid that covers a tall crackle-patterned jar is a large lotus leaf.", "description": "This album leaf depicts the 8th-century Chinese official and Daoist scholar Zhang Zhihe sitting on a raft buffeted by waves. He drinks wine from a small cup, and gazes up at a crane flying above him. Behind him are two large jars, one covered with an overturned lotus leaf. The handle of a ladle emerges from the other. His fishing rod is balanced at his side, but its line is twisted uselessly. Based on its iconography, the painting is likely modeled after an image from an illustrated woodblock edition of the Chinese text Liexian Zuan (Biographies of Exemplary Immortals).
The biographical inscription above him reads, \"he is a recluse among the rivers and lakes. He calls himself \u2018Fishing Disciple Amidst Mists and Waves.\u2019 He is always fishing without bait for Zhi has no need for fish.\" A rectangular seal in relief appears to the right of the inscription, while a square seal in relief appears to the left. Neither is legible.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476532"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.70-poet-fisherman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned andReproduced: pp. 44\u201345, no. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Narrative Figure Paintings of the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \uace0\uc0ac \uc778\ubb3c\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2016.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 185, no. 115", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.70", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.70/1990.70_web.jpg", "width": "947", "height": "893", "filesize": "703508", "filename": "1990.70_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.70/1990.70_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3206", "filesize": "11195693", "filename": "1990.70_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.70/1990.70_full.tif", "width": "4329", "height": "4082", "filesize": "53041632", "filename": "1990.70_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155627, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scholar Enjoying his Leisure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:55.145000"}, {"id": 444412, "accession_number": "2021.132", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons (\u56db\u5b63\u82b1\u6728\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), early to mid-1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, gold, silver, and gilding on paper; each screen: 155 x 368.5 cm (61 x 145 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2021.132", "current_location": null, "title": "Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons", "title_in_original_language": "\u56db\u5b63\u82b1\u6728\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "early to mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, gold, silver, and gilding on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Each screen: 155 x 368.5 cm (61 x 145 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"each screen": {"height": 1.55, "width": 3.685}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u59cb\u8208\u4e4b\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Seal of Shik\u014d", "inscription_remark": "Both screens are impressed with the artist's red seals with characters in reserve.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "\u6e21\u908a\u59cb\u8208 : \u7433\u6d3e\u306e\u7570\u624d : \u5927\u899a\u5bfa \u969c\u58c1\u753b \u3092 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b [Watanabe Shikouten : Rin pa no isai : Dai kakuji sho\u0304hekiga wo chu\u0304 shin ni]. Kyo\u0304to City Art Museum, Kyo\u0304to, Japan (March 18\u2013April 11, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1868. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (November 15, 1998\u2013February 15, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\u6e21\u8fba\u59cb\u8208\u306e\u7d75\u753b [Paintings of Watanabe Shik\u014d]. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (December 18, 2018\u2013January 27, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "London Gallery, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2021-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One plant in these screens, tumeric, or ukon in Japanese, is found in Okinawa.", "description": "The painter Watanabe Shik\u014d had a special interest in scientific realism, based on interactions with his patron Konoe Iehiro. Shik\u014d combined his attention to accurate depiction of plants with strong ink outlines and decorative elements like gold and silver, arriving at an innovative style that influenced many of his peers in the city of Kyoto.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117246886"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2021.132-flowers-and-trees-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kyoto City Art Museum, ed. Rinpa no issai: Watanabe Shik\u014d-ten: Daikakuji sh\u014dheiga o ch\u016bshin ni [= \u6e21\u908a\u59cb\u8208: \u7433\u6d3e\u306e\u7570\u624d: \u5927\u899a\u5bfa \u969c\u58c1\u753b \u3092 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b]. Kyoto: Kyoto City Museum, 1973.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Takeuchi Misako, \u201cFlowers and Trees of the Four Seasons,\u201d in Takeuchi Misako, et al., \u7433\u6d3e : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u7f8e\u306e\u7d99\u627f - \u5b97\u9054, \u5149\u7433, \u62b1\u4e00, \u5176\u4e00 [= Rimpa: Succession of Beauty\u2014Sotatsu, Korin, Hoitsu, Kiitsu]. Nagoya: Nagoya City Museum, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 39, pp. 201\u2013202", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Takeuchi, Melinda. \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d (1683\u20131755): Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons,\u201d in Singer, Robert T, John T Carpenter, et al., Japan Foundation, Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan., National Gallery of Art (U.S.). Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1868. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 162, p. 306\u2013307", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fukushi Yuya, \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d hitsu: shiki s\u014dka zu by\u014dbu [Screens of Grasses and Flowers of the Four Seasons Painted by Watanabe Shik\u014d],\u201d in Kad\u014d: Ikenobo [Way of Flowers: Journal of the Ikenobo School of Ikebana], January 2019, pp. 56\u201357.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2021.132", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132/2021.132_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "839", "filesize": "421854", "filename": "2021.132_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132/2021.132_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3170", "filesize": "4500186", "filename": "2021.132_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132/2021.132_full.tif", "width": "17842", "height": "16634", "filesize": "890384368", "filename": "2021.132_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 444412, "creators": [{"id": 6037, "description": "Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e21\u8fba \u59cb\u8208", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2021-09-13T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:28.096000"}, {"id": 444765, "accession_number": "2021.132.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons (right screen) (\u56db\u5b63\u82b1\u6728\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), early to mid-1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Six-panel folding screen; ink, color, gold, silver, and gilding on paper; overall: 155 x 368.5 cm (61 x 145 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2021.132.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons (right screen)", "title_in_original_language": "\u56db\u5b63\u82b1\u6728\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "early to mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Six-panel folding screen; ink, color, gold, silver, and gilding on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 155 x 368.5 cm (61 x 145 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.55, "width": 3.685}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u59cb\u8208\u4e4b\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Seal of Shik\u014d", "inscription_remark": "Both screens are impressed with the artist's red seals with characters in reserve.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "\u6e21\u908a\u59cb\u8208 : \u7433\u6d3e\u306e\u7570\u624d : \u5927\u899a\u5bfa \u969c\u58c1\u753b \u3092 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b [Watanabe Shikouten : Rin pa no isai : Dai kakuji sho\u0304hekiga wo chu\u0304 shin ni]. Kyo\u0304to City Art Museum, Kyo\u0304to, Japan (March 18\u2013April 11, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1868. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (November 15, 1998\u2013February 15, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\u6e21\u8fba\u59cb\u8208\u306e\u7d75\u753b [Paintings of Watanabe Shik\u014d]. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (December 18, 2018\u2013January 27, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One plant in these screens, tumeric, or ukon in Japanese, is found in Okinawa.", "description": "The painter Watanabe Shik\u014d had a special interest in scientific realism, based on interactions with his patron Konoe Iehiro. Shik\u014d combined his attention to accurate depiction of plants with strong ink outlines and decorative elements like gold and silver, arriving at an innovative style that influenced many of his peers in the city of Kyoto.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117246902"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2021.132.1-flowers-and-trees-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kyoto City Art Museum, ed. Rinpa no issai: Watanabe Shik\u014d-ten: Daikakuji sh\u014dheiga o ch\u016bshin ni [= \u6e21\u908a\u59cb\u8208: \u7433\u6d3e\u306e\u7570\u624d: \u5927\u899a\u5bfa \u969c\u58c1\u753b \u3092 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b]. Kyoto: Kyoto City Museum, 1973.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Takeuchi Misako, \u201cFlowers and Trees of the Four Seasons,\u201d in Takeuchi Misako, et al., \u7433\u6d3e : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u7f8e\u306e\u7d99\u627f - \u5b97\u9054, \u5149\u7433, \u62b1\u4e00, \u5176\u4e00 [= Rimpa: Succession of Beauty\u2014Sotatsu, Korin, Hoitsu, Kiitsu]. Nagoya: Nagoya City Museum, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 39, pp. 201\u2013202", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Takeuchi, Melinda. \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d (1683\u20131755): Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons,\u201d in Singer, Robert T, John T Carpenter, et al., Japan Foundation, Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan., National Gallery of Art (U.S.). Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1868. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 162, p. 306\u2013307", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fukushi Yuya, \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d hitsu: shiki s\u014dka zu by\u014dbu [Screens of Grasses and Flowers of the Four Seasons Painted by Watanabe Shik\u014d],\u201d in Kad\u014d: Ikenobo [Way of Flowers: Journal of the Ikenobo School of Ikebana], January 2019, pp. 56\u201357.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2021.132.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "417", "filesize": "252378", "filename": "2021.132.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1576", "filesize": "2200292", "filename": "2021.132.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_full.tif", "width": "29736", "height": "13785", "filesize": "1229761476", "filename": "2021.132.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-12-01T15:49:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "900", "filesize": "357914"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2517", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3446458"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10027", "height": "13547", "filesize": "407536920"}}, {"date_created": "2021-12-01T15:54:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "658", "height": "900", "filesize": "320303"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2486", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3196490"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9998", "height": "13676", "filesize": "410226216"}}, {"date_created": "2021-12-01T15:58:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "900", "filesize": "311010"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2512", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3496086"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.1/2021.132.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10037", "height": "13586", "filesize": "409115264"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 444765, "creators": [{"id": 6037, "description": "Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e21\u8fba \u59cb\u8208", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2021-09-13T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2021.132", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:42.465000"}, {"id": 148862, "accession_number": "1976.97.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Grotto of Posillipo, c. 1769. Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808). Oil on canvas; framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1976.97.2", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "The Grotto of Posillipo", "creation_date": "c. 1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.56, "width": 0.475, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.426, "width": 0.334}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Salon of 1769, ns. 95 and 96.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Charpentier, June 1922: :Hubert Robert et Louis Moreau,\" cat. nos. 31 and 32.", "opening_date": "1922-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Cailleux, 1975: \"Eloge de l'ovale,\" cat. nos. 26 and 27, repr.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA February 1977: \"Year in Review,\" cat., Bull., LXIV (Feb. 1977), p. 49, nos 41 and 42, illus.", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Denis-Pierre Papillon de la Ferte", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Marius Paulme (sold, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, November 22, 1923, nos. 76 and 77, to Henri Boudonneau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Henri Boudonneau, Paris, until 1949", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Rene Boudonneau (son of Henri), until 1961", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mme S. A. Boudonneau (wife of Rene), Geneva (sold, Christie's, London, December 13, 1974, no. 146 [pair], to Gallerie Cailleux)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Gallerie Cailleux, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1976.98"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Hubert Robert studied and worked in Italy from 1754\u201365. Upon returning to Paris, he entered the Royal Academy as an architectural painter and full member in 1766. His time in Italy would prove to be influential and classical architectural subjects would dominate his subsequent oeuvre. Interior of the Colonnade of St. Peter's is based on a drawing dated 1758, the same year that Pope Clement XIII Rezzonico was elected. Given his interest in classical subjects, Robert has antiquated his subject by aging the condition of the columns and including a soldier dressed in ancient Roman armor. Similarly, Robert imaginatively portrays the Grotto of Posillipo. Measuring over 2000 feet in length, this tunnel was carved from the volcanic rock by ancient Romans to connect Naples with Pozzuoli. While this passageway was improved by repaving and reinforcing the arches during the reign of Charles III of Naples (1734\u201359), this structure was never the grand tunnel Robert depicts with coffered vaults and engaged columns.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19609463"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.97.2-the-grotto-of-posill"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 53B, p. 128 - 131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n207"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.97.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.2/1976.97.2_web.jpg", "width": "736", "height": "893", "filesize": "303772", "filename": "1976.97.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.2/1976.97.2_print.jpg", "width": "2804", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4563666", "filename": "1976.97.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.2/1976.97.2_full.tif", "width": "4846", "height": "5875", "filesize": "85450208", "filename": "1976.97.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 148862, "creators": [{"id": 1955, "description": "Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-10-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1976.97", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Grotto of Posillipo with Imaginary Architecture"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:51.939000"}, {"id": 136534, "accession_number": "1961.10.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of the Bagpiper (Le Joueur de musette), 1748\u201352. Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356), Pierre Blondeau (French), Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit); overall: 22.9 x 13.4 x 8 cm (9 x 5 1/4 x 3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1961.10.2", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure of the Bagpiper (Le Joueur de musette)", "creation_date": "1748\u201352", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1752, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 22.9 x 13.4 x 8 cm (9 x 5 1/4 x 3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.229, "width": 0.134, "depth": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1961.11"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Although a few Vincennes porcelain figures exist that are glazed, the royal factory adopted at an early date the practice of producing unglazed biscuit figures that, because of the purity of their material, resemble marble figurines. The fashion for biscuit figures first introduced at Vincennes quickly spread through Europe.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754446"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.10.2-figure-of-the-bagpip"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chavagnac, Xavier Roger Marie, and Gaston Antoine Grollier. Histoire des manufactures franc\u0327aises de porcelaine. Paris: A. Picard et fils, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 268", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Vol. 2. Paris: Goupil, 1909.", "page_number": "p. 4, pl. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gu\u00e9rinet, Armand, ed. Les Biscuits de la manufacture nationale de Sevres, XVIIIe siecle & XIXe siecle. Paris: A. Guerinet, 1910.", "page_number": "pl. 43, 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile, and Georges Lechevallier-Chevignard. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres: recueil des mode\u0300les de la manufacture de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: P. Lafitte, 1913.", "page_number": "no. 367, pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Les oeuvres de la Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. Vol. 1, La Sculpture de 1738 \u00e0 1815. Se\u0300vres: Manufacture nationale, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 8, no. 382", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Ceramics of the Rococo Age.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 48 (March 1961).", "page_number": "p. 54-55, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zick, Gisela. \"D'Apr\u00e8s Boucher. Die Vall\u00e9e de Montmorency und die europ\u00e4ische Porzellanplastik.\" Keramos 29 (July 1965).", "page_number": "p. 5, fig. 1a, b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Dauterman, Carl Christian. The Wrightsman Collection. Vol 4, Porcelain. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 283, no. 115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. Europa\u0308isches Porzellan. Vol. 3. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 279, no. 869", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pre\u0301aud, Tamara. Porcelaines de Vincennes: les origines de Se\u0300vres. Paris: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 159, 171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guillem\u00e9-Brulon, Doroth\u00e9e. \"Le Premier surtout de table en Biscuit de S\u00e8vres.\" L'Estampille 173 (September 1984).", "page_number": "p. 42-45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boucher, Franc\u0327ois. Francois Boucher, 1703-1770. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 353-54, no. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fay-Hall\u00e9, Antoinette. \"De l'influence de l'art de Boucher sur l'oeuvre de la Manufacture de Vincennes-S\u00e8vres.\" Actes du IIIe Colloque national de ce\u0301ramologie: Paris, 9 de\u0301cembre 1989. Paris: Editions Varia, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 18, fig. 1; p. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pre\u0301aud, Tamara, and Antoine d' Albis. La porcelaine de Vincennes. Paris: A. Biro, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 172-73, no. 175", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Versailles et les tables royales en Europe: XVIIe\u0300me-XIXe\u0300me sie\u0300cles. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 285-86", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.10.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_web.jpg", "width": "618", "height": "893", "filesize": "216572", "filename": "1961.10.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_print.jpg", "width": "2353", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3555970", "filename": "1961.10.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_full.tif", "width": "3543", "height": "5119", "filesize": "54441116", "filename": "1961.10.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-07-26T19:03:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "893", "filesize": "210014"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2316", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3547661"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3559", "height": "5225", "filesize": "55818400"}}, {"date_created": "2007-07-26T19:24:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "893", "filesize": "212078"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3611420"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3654", "height": "5177", "filesize": "56781272"}}, {"date_created": "2007-07-26T19:12:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "893", "filesize": "230630"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2491", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3894038"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.2/1961.10.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3668", "height": "5007", "filesize": "55128408"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136534, "creators": [{"id": 11807, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "The French National Manufacture of soft-paste porcelain was established at Vincennes in 1738 before it moved in 1756.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 57115, "description": "Pierre Blondeau (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "modeled by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1748\u201352", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1961.10", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Bagpipe Player"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:55.130000"}, {"id": 128876, "accession_number": "1951.485", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Roman Ruins, Villa Pamfili, 1774. Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808). Pen and black ink and watercolor with black chalk underdrawing and heightened with white gouache on cream laid paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harry D. Kendrick, 1951.485", "current_location": null, "title": "Roman Ruins, Villa Pamfili", "creation_date": "1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Pen and black ink and watercolor with black chalk underdrawing and heightened with white gouache on cream laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518497, "title": "Ruins of Rome", "description": "Ruins of Rome. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (December 15, 1960-February 15, 1961); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (March 26-May 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519578, "title": "Hubert Robert: 1733-1808", "description": "Hubert Robert: 1733-1808. The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center, Poughkeepsie, NY (organizer) (October 9-November 11, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517563, "title": "France in the 18th Century", "description": "France in the 18th Century. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 5-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442444, "title": "Hubert Robert: Drawings and Watercolors", "description": "Hubert Robert: Drawings and Watercolors. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (November 19, 1978-February 4, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne. Minneapolis Institute of Arts (May 1 - June 15, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-05-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Coll., France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Wildenstein & Co., NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "H. G. Dalton, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "H. D. Kendrick, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private Coll., France; (Wildenstein & Co., NY); H. G. Dalton, Cleveland; H. D. Kendrick, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "While living in Italy, Robert developed a fondness for classical architecture, making countless drawings that served as the basis for paintings and prints for decades after he returned to Paris. Denis Diderot (1713\u20131784), a French philosopher and art critic, nicknamed the artist \u201cRobert of Ruins\u201d due to Robert\u2019s enduring interest in the subject. A quaint commentary on the passage of time, this drawing portrays the activities of contemporary life among the weathered remains of an ancient Roman building. Despite the traditional title of the drawing, there is no evidence that such ruins ever existed at the Villa Pamphili. The towering columns supporting a decorative frieze may instead derive from the Roman Forum\u2019s Temple of Saturn.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79909399"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.485-roman-ruins-villa-pa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1953.\" Art Quarterly 16, no. 4 (Winter 1953): 346-365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne. Exh. Cat. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Roman Ruins, Villa Pamfili' a Water-Color Drawing by Hubert Robert.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 43, no.1 (January 1956): 9-11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142095"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n180"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n180"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206"}, {"citation": "Stephen Ongpin Fine Art, and Stephen Ongpin. Master Drawings 2018. London : Stephen Ongpin Fine Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. [88], p. [178]", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.485", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.485/1951.485_web.jpg", "width": "1236", "height": "893", "filesize": "257008", "filename": "1951.485_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.485/1951.485_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2456", "filesize": "1753438", "filename": "1951.485_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.485/1951.485_full.tif", "width": "5445", "height": "3934", "filesize": "64286532", "filename": "1951.485_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-04-08T15:09:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.485/1951.485_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1254", "height": "893", "filesize": "963064"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.485/1951.485_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2422", "filesize": "6865455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.485/1951.485_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5469", "height": "3896", "filesize": "63957192"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Harry D. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128876, "creators": [{"id": 1955, "description": "Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1774, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1774", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:45.524000"}, {"id": 143769, "accession_number": "1968.207", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Continence of Scipio, c. 1710. Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (Italian, 1675\u20131741). Oil on canvas; framed: 155.5 x 132 x 12 cm (61 1/4 x 51 15/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 127 x 105 cm (50 x 41 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1968.207", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "The Continence of Scipio", "creation_date": "c. 1710", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1715, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 155.5 x 132 x 12 cm (61 1/4 x 51 15/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 127 x 105 cm (50 x 41 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.555, "width": 1.32, "depth": 0.12}, "unframed": {"height": 1.27, "width": 1.05}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, January 29 through March 9, 1969: \"Year in Review for 1968\", catalogue, Bulletin CMA, LVI (January 1969), p. 46, no. 68, repr. p. 17.", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Ernest Joresco, Chicago, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 There is little known about Joresco's art dealing activities, although evidence of a prominent ballroom dancing career from the early 1930s-1950s is prevalent. In the 1970s he sold 14 works of art to the Art Institute of Chicago, and he seems to have had a working relationship with the Art Institute's Curator of Earlier Painting and Sculpture at the time, J. Patrice Marandel, as demonstrated by several pieces of correspondence.
"], "date": "Probably 1965-1968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "James G. McMillan [d. 1965], Chicago, probably consigned to Ernest Joresco 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1 McMillan was a member of the Art Institute of Chicago and president of the Chicago-based Wander Company, the manufacturer of Ovaltine. The painting was likely consigned by McMillan's family to Ernest Joresco for sale after his death in 1965. The earlier provenance of the Pellegrini remains unknown and is complicated by the fact that there are multiple copies and replicas of the painting.
"], "date": "Probably until 1965", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In a story of virtuous leadership and wise government, the Roman commander Scipio Africanus the Elder appears after his stunning conquest of New Carthage in Spain in 209 BC. Standing above the crowd, he returns his victor\u2019s reward--a beautiful young woman--to her husband.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469913"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.207-the-continence-of-sc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Antonio Morassi, \u201cPellegrini and Guardi,\u201d Emporium CXXVIII (1958): 198-199.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene V. Thaw, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, March 21, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"Pellegrini and Guardi.\" Emporium CXXVIII, no. 11 (1958): 195-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 204-205", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Young, Eric. \"Some Pellegrini Sketches and Their Chronology.\" Apollo LXXXII, no. 42 (August 1965): 104-111.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 386; Mentioned: p. 385-387", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts.\" Supplement a La Gazette des Beaux-Arts 1201 (February 1969).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \u201cA Rediscovered Holy Family by Francesco Trevisani.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 1 (January 1977): 25\u201336.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 27-28, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152673"}, {"citation": "Knox, George. Antonio Pellegrini, 1675-1741. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 229", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.207", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.207/1968.207_web.jpg", "width": "730", "height": "893", "filesize": "484015", "filename": "1968.207_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.207/1968.207_print.jpg", "width": "2779", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6924628", "filename": "1968.207_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.207/1968.207_full.tif", "width": "4495", "height": "5500", "filesize": "74201368", "filename": "1968.207_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 143769, "creators": [{"id": 2255, "description": "Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (Italian, 1675\u20131741)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1675", "death_year": "1741", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-10-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:26.412000"}, {"id": 101861, "accession_number": "1920.523", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Women Beside a Stream Chasing Fireflies, c. 1796\u201397. Ch\u014dbunsai Eishi (Japanese, 1756\u20131829). Woodblock print; ink and color on paper; sheet: 38.8 x 25.4 cm (15 1/4 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1920.523", "current_location": null, "title": "Women Beside a Stream Chasing Fireflies", "creation_date": "c. 1796\u201397", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1797, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "woodblock print; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 38.8 x 25.4 cm (15 1/4 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.388, "width": 0.254}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Eishi zu\r\nSeal: kiwame", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309857, "title": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking", "description": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 30, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223879, "title": "Monet & Japan", "description": "Monet & Japan. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia (organizer) (March 10-June 11, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Canberra, Australia: National Gallery of Australia (3/10/01 - 6/11/01) Canberra venue only. \"Monet & Japan\"exh. cat. no. 46, p. 121 and 196", "opening_date": "2001-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113); February 20 - May 6, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113); August 25 - December 2, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-08-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2768.1920"], "did_you_know": "This print is the center print from a triptych, but the museum does not have the left and right prints.", "description": "A group of women amuse themselves by chasing fireflies next to a stream. A sense of movement is conveyed by their sleeves fluttering in the breeze.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79498274"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.523-women-beside-a-strea"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.523", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.523/1920.523_web.jpg", "width": "587", "height": "900", "filesize": "223134", "filename": "1920.523_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.523/1920.523_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2777738", "filename": "1920.523_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.523/1920.523_full.tif", "width": "5060", "height": "7764", "filesize": "117887828", "filename": "1920.523_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101861, "creators": [{"id": 35477, "description": "Ch\u014dbunsai Eishi (Japanese, 1756\u20131829)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9ce5\u6587\u658e\u6804\u4e4b", "birth_year": "1756", "death_year": "1829", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-11-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1796\u201397", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:10.931000"}, {"id": 142837, "accession_number": "1966.515.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant, 1700s. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur. Gold, emerald, diamonds, enamel, and pearl; overall: 7.4 x 4.8 cm (2 15/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Anne Jessop Smith, 1966.515.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Pendant", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur"], "technique": "Gold, emerald, diamonds, enamel, and pearl", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 7.4 x 4.8 cm (2 15/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.074, "width": 0.048}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350154, "title": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2019-April 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 536104, "title": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers", "description": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23, 2023-February 4, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anne Thomas Jessop Smith [1902\u20131964], Gates Mills, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bright color of the emerald indicates it was sourced in South America.", "description": "The large green emerald on one side of this pendant was probably imported to India from Columbia. Delicately incised with a lotus blossom, a symbol of the sun, it is surrounded by inset diamonds in organic, petal-like shapes. Emeralds, especially prized for their green color, were associated with the planet Mercury in Hindu astrology and with the power to ward off evil in Islam. On the reverse, a peacock and two peahens surrounded by flowers are rendered using blue, green, and red glass.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778558"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.515.a-pendant"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.515.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.515.a/1966.515.a_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "900", "filesize": "125505", "filename": "1966.515.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.515.a/1966.515.a_print.jpg", "width": "2588", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1218475", "filename": "1966.515.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.515.a/1966.515.a_full.tif", "width": "5269", "height": "6922", "filesize": "109444824", "filename": "1966.515.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-12-09T11:06:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.515.a/1966.515.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "141166"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.515.a/1966.515.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2698", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1209047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.515.a/1966.515.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5603", "height": "7061", "filesize": "118717796"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Anne Jessop Smith", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142837, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.515", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:10.601000"}, {"id": 161941, "accession_number": "2001.19", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Temple of Isis at Pompeii, 1788. Francesco Piranesi (Italian, 1758\u20131810), Louis Jean Desprez (French, 1743\u20131804). Etching, hand-colored with watercolor; sheet: 47.7 x 69.6 cm (18 3/4 x 27 3/8 in.); secondary support: 59.2 x 81.3 cm (23 5/16 x 32 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2001.19", "current_location": null, "title": "The Temple of Isis at Pompeii", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "etching, hand-colored with watercolor", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper with added decorative border, lined with secondary sheet of laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 47.7 x 69.6 cm (18 3/4 x 27 3/8 in.); Secondary Support: 59.2 x 81.3 cm (23 5/16 x 32 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.477, "width": 0.696}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.592, "width": 0.813}}, "state_of_the_work": "state I/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed in black ink on decorative margin, lower margin:Desprez", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 187619, "title": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints", "description": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 198256, "title": "The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection", "description": "The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-July 7, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art; 8/26/01-10/28/01. \"Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19th-Century French Prints\".", "opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/ 12/2012 - 01/07/2013 Getty Villa Malibu, CA; 02/24/2013 - 07/07/2013 Cleveland Museum of Art); \"The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection\"", "opening_date": "2013-01-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Hill-Stone, New York, NY, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132001", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 5, 2001\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Francesco Piranesi visited Pompeii with his father in the 1770s.", "description": "Buried under layers of volcanic ash since the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, the ancient Roman sites of Herculaneum and Pompeii were rediscovered and excavated in the 1700s. Remarkably well preserved, the two cities captured the imagination of Enlightenment Europe. Artists Francesco Piranesi and Louis Jean Desprez capitalized on the popularity of the ancient sites, creating an innovative souvenir of Pompeii. Etched by Piranesi, the prints were based on Desprez\u2019s real-life observations. The latter artist hand colored and signed select impressions that the two advertised as dessins colori\u00e9s, or colored drawings, meant only for hommes de go\u00fbt, or \"men of taste.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79985363"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2001.19-the-temple-of-isis-a"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Piranesi XXXII, 7; Wollin p. 113 no. 7 I/II", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2001.19", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.19/2001.19_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "654", "filesize": "261552", "filename": "2001.19_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.19/2001.19_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2470", "filesize": "2948636", "filename": "2001.19_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.19/2001.19_full.tif", "width": "6857", "height": "4981", "filesize": "102495280", "filename": "2001.19_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T01:19:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.19/2001.19_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1213", "height": "893", "filesize": "782849"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.19/2001.19_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2504", "filesize": "5532642"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.19/2001.19_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4734", "height": "3486", "filesize": "49529052"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161941, "creators": [{"id": 39673, "description": "Francesco Piranesi (Italian, 1758\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "etched by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1758", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 39670, "description": "Louis Jean Desprez (French, 1743\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "hand-colored by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1743", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2001-03-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:08.358000"}, {"id": 132050, "accession_number": "1954.603.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Irises, 1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). One of a pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and color on gilded paper; painting: 154.4 x 360.4 cm (60 13/16 x 141 7/8 in.); mounted: 170.7 x 376.7 cm (67 3/16 x 148 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Norweb Foundation, 1954.603.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Irises", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "One of a pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and color on gilded paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 154.4 x 360.4 cm (60 13/16 x 141 7/8 in.); Mounted: 170.7 x 376.7 cm (67 3/16 x 148 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 1.544, "width": 3.604}, "overall": {"height": 1.667, "width": 3.726}, "closed": {"height": 1.708, "width": 0.645, "depth": 0.12}, "panel (each)": {"height": 1.667, "width": 0.621}, "mounted": {"height": 1.707, "width": 3.767}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and sealed lower right of the first panel from the right.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "Japanese Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520190, "title": "A World of Flowers", "description": "A World of Flowers. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (May 2-June 9, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445392, "title": "Rimpa", "description": "Rimpa. Japan Society Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (September 13-November 13, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-09-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445251, "title": "Rin-pa", "description": "Rin-pa. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (October 10-December 3, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 224471, "title": "The Legacy of Japanese Art", "description": "The Legacy of Japanese Art. Chiba City Museum of Art (organizer) (October 1-November 10, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228762, "title": "Rimpa", "description": "Rimpa. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (August 21-October 3, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-08-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 311658, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 7-July 8, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Special Loan Exhibition of Art treasures from Japan. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September-October 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Howard Hollis and Co., Cleveland, OH, ?-1954, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 1954-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1954.604"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The subject of this painting comes from a 10th-century text. It tells of a young nobleman\u2019s journey into the lonely countryside, far from the capital city of Heian-ky\u014d (Kyoto). There he came upon a small stream, the banks of which were covered with blooming irises, on which the artist has chosen to focus our attention. While viewing the beautiful flowers the nobleman composed a poem:
I have a beloved wife, Familiar as the skirt of a well-worn robe, And so this distant journeying Fills my heart with grief. ", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516522"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.603.2-irises"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Edgell, George Harold. Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan. [Tokyo, Japan]: [Sanseido Press], 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 91 B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"Irises by Watanabe Shik\u014d.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 4 (April 1955): 63\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 64\u201365; Mentioned: p. 66\u201367", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142032"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 924", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 86\u201387; cat. no. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n101/"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n402"}, {"citation": "Chiba-shi Bijutsukan \u5343\u8449\u5e02\u7f8e\u8853\u9928. Shugyoku no Nihon bijutsu: Hosomi korekushon no zenbo\u0304 to Bosuton, Kuri\u0304burando, Sakkura\u0304 no wadaisaku : kaikan isshu\u0304nen kinen [\u73e0\u7389\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853 : \u7d30\u898b\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5168\u8c8c\u3068, \u30dc\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3, \u30af\u30ea-\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9, \u30b5\u30c3\u30af\u30e9-\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u4f5c : \u958b\u9928\u4e00\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5]. Chiba-shi: Chiba-shi Bijutsukan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184, cat. no. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 40\u201341", "url": null}, {"citation": "Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. 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"accession_date": "1954-08-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1954.603", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-03 13:35:08.811000"}, {"id": 120828, "accession_number": "1941.553", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mary Frances (Fanny) Swinburne, c. 1786. Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821). Watercolor on ivory in a gold, enamel, and split pearl frame; framed: 7 x 5.8 cm (2 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.); sight: 6.8 x 5.7 cm (2 11/16 x 2 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.553", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Mary Frances (Fanny) Swinburne", "creation_date": "c. 1786", "creation_date_earliest": 1786, "creation_date_latest": 1787, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold, enamel, and split pearl frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7 x 5.8 cm (2 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.); Sight: 6.8 x 5.7 cm (2 11/16 x 2 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.07, "width": 0.058}, "sight": {"height": 0.068, "width": 0.057}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Richard Cosway painted Mary Frances\u2019s parents, Henry and Martha, in the same year he painted this.", "description": "Mary Frances (Fanny) Swinburne (d. 1828) was the eldest daughter of the travel writer Henry Swinburne. This portrait was painted around 1786, when Richard Cosway was reaching the mature stage of his career and was among the most sought after miniature painters in London. In this work the sitter\u2019s hair is adorned with pearls\u2014a style commonly seen in portraits of the period. She wears an earring in her right ear. Her bright blue eyes, rosy cheeks, and red lips are accentuated by her mass of curled, powdered hair and her pale skin and gown. This work is a classic example of Cosway\u2019s elegant female portraits, exhibiting the nearly monochromatic palette and free style that would be so decisively rejected in the next century by such artists as Andrew Robertson (1777\u20131845) and William Charles Ross (1794\u20131860). The miniature is placed in a twentieth-century revival period gold and blue enamel frame with graduated split pearls. This ornate type of frame was especially popular among early-twentieth-century collectors who felt that it suited the grandeur of miniatures by Cosway and his circle, the female portraits of which were so often composed of the pale tones of gauzy dresses, blue skies, and pearl-ornamented hair.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016472"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.553-portrait-of-mary-fra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rutherford, Emma. Vellum, Paper and Ivory: Portraits and Portrait Miniatures 1550\u20131950. London: The Limner Company, 2025. p. 54, no. 26.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://issuu.com/sarahagarwood/docs/vellum_paper_and_ivory_portraits_and_portrait_mi"}, {"citation": "Winter, Carl. \"The British School of Miniature Portrait Painters\". Proceedings of the British Academy v. 34. London: Milford, 1948:.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 7; reproduced: pl. XVI", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Comstack, Helen. \"The Edward B. Greene Collection of Miniatures.\" The Connoisseur 128, no. 532 (October 1951): 137-144.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 282", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 64, pp. 247-249", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.553", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.553/1941.553_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "104159", "filename": "1941.553_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.553/1941.553_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1111163", "filename": "1941.553_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.553/1941.553_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144028916", "filename": "1941.553_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-02T19:41:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "421495"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2468", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4674155"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3871", "height": "5333", "filesize": "61965068"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T17:47:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "391773"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4808546"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3396", "height": "4194", "filesize": "42758092"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T15:42:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "85132"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1303784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022200"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T14:19:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "94077"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1015222"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.553/1941.553_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144029776"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120828, "creators": [{"id": 3700, "description": "Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Richard Cosway was Arguably the most fashionable miniature painter in London during the art form\u2019s golden age in late-eighteenth-century Britain. Also an accomplished painter in oils, Cosway was equally well known for his flamboyant character and the stunning art collection that secured his reputation as an arbiter of taste and model of connoisseurship. His elegant portraits in miniature were coveted by sitters who sought glamour even if it was at the expense of truthfulness. Cosway and his wife, Maria (ne\u00e9 Hadfield), maintained an elite circle of friends who helped define what was au courant for the age and who consisted primarily of cultural luminaries and young members of high society revolving around George Augustus Frederick, the prince of Wales himself. His steady patronage from 1780 until 1808 fixed Cosway\u2019s popularity within fashionable society. From 1785 Cosway\u2019s miniatures were signed on the back: \u201cPrimarius Pictor Serenissimi Walliae Principis\u201d (Principal Painter to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales), a pompous Latin designation that garnered the artist both fame and ridicule. Cosway was a successful artist-celebrity in his own time, and, in spite of being criticized periodically for being too superficially pretty, his miniatures have always been among the most desired by collectors. The Cleveland Museum of Art owns five miniatures by Cosway, painted between 1785 and 1805, that are representative of the artist\u2019s stylistic range during the height of his career.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1742", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1786, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1786", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:40.195000"}, {"id": 114576, "accession_number": "1934.199", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Border Fragment of a Shawl, early 1800s. Kashmir. Wool: tapestry twill; overall: 33 x 52.7 cm (13 x 20 3/4 in.); mounted: 20 x 70.5 cm (7 7/8 x 27 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Cleveland School of Art, 1934.199", "current_location": null, "title": "Border Fragment of a Shawl", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Kashmir"], "technique": "wool: tapestry twill", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 33 x 52.7 cm (13 x 20 3/4 in.); Mounted: 20 x 70.5 cm (7 7/8 x 27 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.33, "width": 0.527}, "mounted": {"height": 0.2, "width": 0.705}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 543944, "title": "Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation", "description": "Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665206, "title": "Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation", "description": "Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The right edge of this textile features a repeating row of wild mulberries and flowers.", "description": "Green, yellow, red, blue, and white woolen threads were woven to create the instantly recognizable Kashmiri teardrop flower patterns on this shawl border. Such a work was part of a larger textile, which would have entranced the viewer with its complexity and vibrancy, especially as it moved with the wearer and contrasted with other articles of clothing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80007342"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1934.199-border-fragment-of-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Le\u0301vi-Strauss, Monique, and Massimo Listri. The Cashmere shawl. London: Dryad, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 25.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ames, Frank. The Kashmir Shawl and Its Indo-French Influence. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 121, 122.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ames, Frank. Woven Masterpieces of Sikh Heritage: The Stylistic Development of the Kashmir Shawl Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839). Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 2010.", "page_number": "pl. 7 & 8, p. 26-27.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1934.199", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.199/1934.199_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "569", "filesize": "447587", "filename": "1934.199_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.199/1934.199_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2150", "filesize": "6652964", "filename": "1934.199_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.199/1934.199_full.tif", "width": "12572", "height": "7949", "filesize": "299837064", "filename": "1934.199_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-08-31T14:09:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "775", "filesize": "1011049"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2087", "filesize": "7149811"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4743", "height": "2912", "filesize": "41468036"}}, {"date_created": "2018-02-07T11:13:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "589", "filesize": "329853"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2224", "filesize": "4542205"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7527", "height": "4924", "filesize": "111222976"}}, {"date_created": "2024-10-29T16:07:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "582", "filesize": "434989"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2200", "filesize": "6259365"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1934.199/1934.199_alt2_full.tif", "width": "12680", "height": "8204", "filesize": "312113336"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Cleveland School of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114576, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1934-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:13.919000"}, {"id": 115987, "accession_number": "1936.684", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bhima\u2019s consultation with the astrologer, from a Nala-Damayanti, c. 1790\u20131800. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; overall: 22.2 x 33.5 cm (8 3/4 x 13 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1936.684", "current_location": null, "title": "Bhima\u2019s consultation with the astrologer, from a Nala-Damayanti", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 22.2 x 33.5 cm (8 3/4 x 13 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.222, "width": 0.335}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 708076, "title": "East Indian Art", "description": "East Indian Art. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (February 10-March 29, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355686, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Indian Miniatures", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Indian Miniatures. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 28, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-07-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 293147, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 10-November 6, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ananda K. Coomaraswamy [1877\u20131947] sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131936", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1936\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing is part of a series of forty-eight, most of which are held by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.", "description": "In the central pavilion, King Bhima, father of the beautiful Damayanti, receives favorable signs from his astrologers for the marriage of his daughter to her beloved, Nala. In the upper left corner, King Bhima tells the good news to his daughter, while messengers inform Nala in the upper right. Musicians and dancers already begin to celebrate.
This lyrical series depicts scenes from the extended romantic poem of the 1100s, based on an episode from the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513989"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1936.684-bhima-s-consultation"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Eastman, Alvan Clark. The Nala-Damayant\u012b Drawings. A Study of a Portfolio of Drawings Made for R\u0101j\u0101 Sa\u1e41s\u0101r Cand of K\u0101\u1e45gr\u0101 (1774-1823), Illustrating an Early Indian Romance. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. V", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peyton, Allysa B., and Katherine Anne Paul. Arts of South Asia: Cultures of Collecting. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Medntioned: p. 147, footnote 19 -. 147", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.684", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.684/1936.684_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "604", "filesize": "189081", "filename": "1936.684_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.684/1936.684_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2280", "filesize": "2330165", "filename": "1936.684_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.684/1936.684_full.tif", "width": "6441", "height": "4320", "filesize": "83505572", "filename": "1936.684_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115987, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:13.831000"}, {"id": 120841, "accession_number": "1941.564", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Anna Maria Woolf, n\u00e9e Smart, c. 1785. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 9.1 x 7.8 cm (3 9/16 x 3 1/16 in.); unframed: 6.7 x 5.4 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.564", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Anna Maria Woolf, n\u00e9e Smart", "creation_date": "c. 1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1784, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9.1 x 7.8 cm (3 9/16 x 3 1/16 in.); Unframed: 6.7 x 5.4 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.091, "width": 0.078}, "unframed": {"height": 0.067, "width": 0.054}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: none; inscribed on front of paper at upper right corner: 1[?][?]; inscribed on paper backing, in graphite at left center: Indi; upside down, at left above center: 38; inscribed in brown ink at center, on back of drawing: Mrs Peirce", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, England, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), daughter of the artist by Sarah Midgeley, gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough); by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10,1928, lot 2).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10,1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After living in India for many years, Anna Maria was en route to England when she was forced to disembark at St. Helena to give birth to her son.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say whether or not it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. This portrait was assigned the historically colorful but fictitious title of \u201cDuchess Christina\u201d at some point after memory of its true identity had been lost. Giving illustrious titles to portraits of unknown sitters was a popular strategy adopted by dealers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, often applied to miniature portraits and, in particular, to Smart\u2019s sketches of women. Here, the sitter\u2019s head is turned slightly to her left. She has dark brown eyes, rosy cheeks, and long, wavy dark hair falling below her shoulders. She wears a white dress with long sleeves and a ruffled bodice, and a small lozenge-shaped pendant around her neck. She is placed inside a faintly suggested oval, and the background is unpainted. The paper backing\u2014removed in 1993\u2014was inscribed with \u201c38\u201d and \u201cIndi,\u201d which may suggest that the sketch was executed during Smart\u2019s time in India. The inscription that was discovered on the back of the drawing after the paper backing was removed reads, \u201cMrs [or perhaps Miss] Peirce.\u201d Although the inscription appears to be in the artist\u2019s hand, and in the brown ink he used to annotate his preparatory sketches, its relationship to this portrait is unclear. The sitter is probably Anna Maria, Smart\u2019s eldest daughter by his first wife, whose name is unknown. Anna Maria (1766\u20131813) traveled with her father to India in 1785, sailing from England on April 19 and arriving in Madras on September 6. If the work was executed in India at the time Anna Maria accompanied her father there, the sketch may be dated to around 1785, the year they moved to the subcontinent. Anna Maria would have been around 18 years old. The fact that this portrait is of an older girl who dons a plain, modest dress and wears her hair down suggests an intimacy not found in the type of portraits Smart commonly executed of women wearing fine gowns and elaborately dressed hair.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016501"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.564-portrait-of-anna-mar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "p. 31, no. 42, pl. XIV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n61"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 13, 14, 16, 38\u201340, 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 47, pp. 193-195", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.564", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.564/1941.564_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "144466", "filename": "1941.564_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.564/1941.564_print.jpg", "width": "2800", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2211469", "filename": "1941.564_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.564/1941.564_full.tif", "width": "5613", "height": "6814", "filesize": "114763312", "filename": "1941.564_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T15:43:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "511472"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2796", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7265567"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3544", "height": "4310", "filesize": "45857472"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T13:42:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "773", "height": "893", "filesize": "561898"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2943", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8533913"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3737", "height": "4317", "filesize": "48430020"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T15:47:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "432601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2783", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6236826"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3538", "height": "4322", "filesize": "45905512"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T14:01:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "758", "height": "893", "filesize": "539022"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2886", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7066185"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3630", "height": "4276", "filesize": "46592600"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T18:17:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "893", "filesize": "114574"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2838", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1783793"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5634", "height": "6748", "filesize": "114076960"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:47:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "140253"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1843394"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.564/1941.564_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021352"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120841, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1784, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Young Girl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:27.224000"}, {"id": 132821, "accession_number": "1955.297", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Princess and attendant in trompe l\u2019oeil window, c. 1765. Aqil Khan (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 12.5 x 7.8 cm (4 15/16 x 3 1/16 in.); overall: 44 x 31.6 cm (17 5/16 x 12 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of George P. Bickford, 1955.297", "current_location": null, "title": "Princess and attendant in trompe l\u2019oeil window", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Mughal India, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 12.5 x 7.8 cm (4 15/16 x 3 1/16 in.); Overall: 44 x 31.6 cm (17 5/16 x 12 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.125, "width": 0.078}, "overall": {"height": 0.44, "width": 0.316}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "'amal 'Aqil Kh\u0101n", "inscription_translation": "Signed in lower right of miniature by the artist", "inscription_remark": "", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445634, "title": "Wooster College Exhibition", "description": "Wooster College Exhibition. The College of Wooster Art Museum, Wooster, OH (organizer) (April 5-27, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Bickford [1901\u20131991] and Clara Louise Gehring Bickford [1903\u20131985], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1955\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Unlike in portraits of the emperor, women sit on the outside of the royal window.", "description": "A golden window shade has been rolled up to reveal a princess seated on a terrace. The carpet draped over the sill echoes that of the balcony rail where royals would show themselves to the public. Rather than taking the view of an outsider, the viewer looks from inside the palace out to the women and the wooded landscape beyond.
During the mid-1600s, the Mughal court introduced a preference for the patterns on carpets and textiles: flowering plants on a plain ground. This influential fashion derived from their appreciation of European botanical studies that merchants and diplomats brought to India.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516698"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.297-princess-and-attenda"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ward, William E. \"Two Rajput Paintings and a Rajput Textile.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 43, no. 4 (1956): 62\u201365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 62\u201365; Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142122"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"The Decorative and the Super-Real: Two Rajasthani Miniatures.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 8 (October 1957): 180-183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142231"}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 47", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.297", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.297/1955.297_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "348529", "filename": "1955.297_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.297/1955.297_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3888921", "filename": "1955.297_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.297/1955.297_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144035760", "filename": "1955.297_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "893", "filesize": "607630"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2502", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6556865"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3679", "height": "5000", "filesize": "55209864"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "893", "filesize": "604478"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2502", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6517539"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3679", "height": "5000", "filesize": "55205180"}}, {"date_created": "2014-04-15T13:18:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "900", "filesize": "402092"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2464", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4330897"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5031", "height": "6941", "filesize": "104797136"}}, {"date_created": "2014-04-15T13:25:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "643", "height": "900", "filesize": "189245"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2429", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2190464"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5155", "height": "7217", "filesize": "111642500"}}, {"date_created": "2016-03-29T11:09:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "900", "filesize": "409322"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2790", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4491069"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4736", "height": "5771", "filesize": "82028824"}}, {"date_created": "2016-03-29T11:24:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "845", "height": "900", "filesize": "410694"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3191", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3698661"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1955.297/1955.297_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3719", "height": "3963", "filesize": "44248156"}}], "creditline": "Gift of George P. Bickford", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132821, "creators": [{"id": 16928, "description": "Aqil Khan (Indian, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-07-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:56.558000"}, {"id": 144932, "accession_number": "1970.137", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Boxes in Form of Lotus Leaves, 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Ivory; overall: 5.1 cm (2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lois Clarke, 1970.137", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Boxes in Form of Lotus Leaves", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 5.1 cm (2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.051, "length": 0.111}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442330, "title": "Chinese Ivories: from the Shang to the Qing", "description": "Chinese Ivories: from the Shang to the Qing. The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (May 24-August 19, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-05-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Lois Clarke, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Inside each box is a lotus pond and two swimming ducks carved in high relief.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. Imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. This fine-grained, light yellow ivory carved the the shape of a lotus leaf illustrates the superb carving skills and the creative mind of the talented artisan who sought clients on a competitive market.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922576"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.137-pair-of-boxes-in-for"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 58, no. 2 (1971): 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70, cat. no. 141", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Waston, William, ed. Chinese Ivories: From the Shang to the Qing : an Exhibition. [London]: The Oriental Ceramic Society, 1984.", "page_number": "cat. nos. 189, 190, p. 156", "url": ""}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \u201cChina through the Magnifying Glass: Miniature and small objects in detail.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): 14-16.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 16.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.137", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.137/1970.137_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "589", "filesize": "77460", "filename": "1970.137_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.137/1970.137_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2224", "filesize": "758131", "filename": "1970.137_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.137/1970.137_full.tif", "width": "7887", "height": "5158", "filesize": "122070676", "filename": "1970.137_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Lois Clarke", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "72062de7f958469ab34b7da4f18b81b4", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/72062de7f958469ab34b7da4f18b81b4", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144932, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pair of Boxes in Form of Lotus Leaf"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:03:14.048000"}, {"id": 151452, "accession_number": "1983.33", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Prestige Chair, 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Babanki-style maker. Wood and paint; overall: 80.7 x 53.3 x 44.5 cm (31 3/4 x 21 x 17 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in memory of his parents, Wheeler B. and Dorothy Preston by Mary and John Preston, 1983.33", "current_location": null, "title": "Prestige Chair", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Babanki-style maker"], "technique": "Wood and paint", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 80.7 x 53.3 x 44.5 cm (31 3/4 x 21 x 17 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.807, "width": 0.533, "depth": 0.445}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316953, "title": "Second Careers: Two Tributaries in African Art", "description": "Second Careers: Two Tributaries in African Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1, 2020-March 14, 2021).", "opening_date": "2020-11-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1984: \"Year in Review 1983,\" Bulletin, 71 (February 1984), p. 76, no. 223", "opening_date": "1984-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Wheeler B. Preston by field collection, German Cameroons during World War I", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Nzewi, Ugochukwu-Smooth. Second Careers: Two Tributaries in African Art. P. 34
"], "date": "c. 1914\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. John (Mary) Preston, Concord, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by at least 1983", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A British soldier acquired this work in Cameroon during the First World War.", "description": "This stately chair attributed to the Babanki peoples of the Cameroon Grassfields features an unusual configuration of male and female figures. They are mounted on stylized leopards, animals revered as embodiments of power and royalty, which stand atop a base of three undulating rings bearing 24 heads. Chairs like this one serve as visual records that help mark kingships through the ages, conveying power and authority. The chair type was relatively common at the time; they were carved for sale to Europeans and local patrons, and also used as articles of royal gift exchange.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741217"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.33-prestige-chair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cYear in Review for 1983.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71, no. 2 (February 1984): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76, no. 223", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}, {"citation": "Nzewi, Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Second Careers : Two Tributaries in African Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; reproduced: p. 9; p. 35, fig. 24; p. 63, pl. 9.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nzewi, Ugochukwu-Smooth C. Second Careers : Two Tributaries in African Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; reproduced: p. 9; p. 35, fig. 24; p. 63, pl. 9.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.33", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.33/1983.33_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "393825", "filename": "1983.33_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.33/1983.33_print.jpg", "width": "2610", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5667919", "filename": "1983.33_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.33/1983.33_full.tif", "width": "4490", "height": "5849", "filesize": "78820208", "filename": "1983.33_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "479266"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1915", "filesize": "2316041"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1915", "filesize": "8827564"}}, {"date_created": "2009-08-12T15:02:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "367470"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2727", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5288928"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4540", "height": "5660", "filesize": "77122780"}}, {"date_created": "2009-08-12T15:17:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "359688"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5136165"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4627", "height": "5873", "filesize": "81556760"}}, {"date_created": "2009-08-12T15:10:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "893", "filesize": "402323"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2775", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5729900"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.33/1983.33_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4640", "height": "5685", "filesize": "79169520"}}], "creditline": "Gift in memory of his parents, Wheeler B. and Dorothy Preston by Mary and John Preston", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "03d10a0ccb254061a8ec77b8cc14b40c", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/03d10a0ccb254061a8ec77b8cc14b40c", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151452, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:02:56.997000"}, {"id": 161634, "accession_number": "2000.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Funeral for Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of Spain, Dauphine of France, in the Church of N\u00f4tre Dame, Paris, on November 24, 1746, c. 1746. Charles-Nicolas Cochin (French, 1715\u20131790). Pen and black ink and gray wash heightened with white gouache on cream laid paper, incised (with graphite) for transfer; sheet: 45 x 30.9 cm (17 11/16 x 12 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2000.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Funeral for Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of Spain, Dauphine of France, in the Church of N\u00f4tre Dame, Paris, on November 24, 1746", "creation_date": "c. 1746", "creation_date_earliest": 1746, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Pen and black ink and gray wash heightened with white gouache on cream laid paper, incised (with graphite) for transfer", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, lined with Japanese paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 45 x 30.9 cm (17 11/16 x 12 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.45, "width": 0.309}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on scrap of old mount, now removed, in eighteenth-century hand, in brown ink: C. N. Coc[hin] [abraded] filius delineavit. Novemb. 1746.\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Didier Aaron, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2000", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2000-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Charles-Nicolas Cochin worked closely with the branch of the royal household charged with organizing and presenting royal ceremonies to produce prints such as the one related to this drawing.", "description": "As an official draftsman to the king, Charles-Nicolas Cochin was responsible for documenting royal events, festivities, and ceremonies. When the Spanish princess Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se, wife of Louis XV\u2019s eldest son, died in childbirth, she was given two lavish funerals: one at the Church of Saint Denis, and another, represented in this drawing, at Notre Dame in Paris. Cochin\u2019s drawing shows how the interior of the gothic cathedral was theatrically redecorated in the current rococo style. Beneath the majestic canopy in the center of the nave, an ornate arched structure, a baldequin, contains the princess\u2019s coffin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984600"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2000.2-funeral-for-marie-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-109, p. 288; Reproduced: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d March 17, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2-3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4321"}, {"citation": "Foster, Carter E. \"Charles-Nicolas Cochin and Festival Design for the Menus-Plaisirs.\" Master Drawings 39, no. 3 (2001): 260-278.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 276, 278 n. 43.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2000.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.2/2000.2_web.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "893", "filesize": "135053", "filename": "2000.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.2/2000.2_print.jpg", "width": "2368", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1744546", "filename": "2000.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.2/2000.2_full.tif", "width": "4067", "height": "5838", "filesize": "71253480", "filename": "2000.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.2/2000.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "523611"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.2/2000.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1420", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2739319"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.2/2000.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1420", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8727940"}}, {"date_created": "2012-12-11T15:55:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.2/2000.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "230", "filesize": "57650"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.2/2000.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "620", "filesize": "367915"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.2/2000.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6095", "height": "1112", "filesize": "20356988"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161634, "creators": [{"id": 19104, "description": "Charles-Nicolas Cochin (French, 1715\u20131790)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1715", "death_year": "1790", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-03-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1746, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1746", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:58.299000"}, {"id": 168423, "accession_number": "2010.202", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Container, 1800s-1900s. Africa, Southern Africa, Lesotho, South Sotho maker. Horn and wood; overall: 10.3 x 4 x 3.5 cm (4 1/16 x 1 9/16 x 1 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.202", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Container", "creation_date": "1800s-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, Lesotho, South Sotho maker"], "technique": "Horn and wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Vessels", "measurements": "Overall: 10.3 x 4 x 3.5 cm (4 1/16 x 1 9/16 x 1 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.103, "width": 0.04, "depth": 0.035}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "The Language of Beauty in African Art. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 23", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Steven Alpert, Dallas, TX", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2005", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal Art Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The tobacco product snuff was stored in decorative, yet useful, containers like this one.", "description": "This snuff container in the form of a human (female) figure was carved from cattle horn. The form of the image follows the curve of the horn, with arms and hands held to the chest. Despite its smallish size and minimalist execution, this object demonstrates considerable expressive power. Cattle had special meaning for the pastoralist peoples of southern Africa in that it stood for the wealth and status of the individual and the group. However, similar to the ideas associated with tobacco and snuff, cattle also referred to the world of the ancestors. Snuff containers like this one had great significance for their owners and users.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778298"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.202-snuff-container"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Petridis, Constatine. \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa. \" Tribal Art. (Summer 2011). Pg. 66, Fig. 2.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. The language of beauty in African art. 2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.202", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.202/2010.202_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "900", "filesize": "134831", "filename": "2010.202_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.202/2010.202_print.jpg", "width": "2418", "height": "3400", "filesize": "720421", "filename": "2010.202_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.202/2010.202_full.tif", "width": "5800", "height": "8156", "filesize": "141938692", "filename": "2010.202_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-26T14:03:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "825", "height": "893", "filesize": "245953"}, "print": {"url": 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{"date_created": "2021-04-21T19:00:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "837", "filesize": "142398"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3162", "filesize": "810900"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4506", "height": "4190", "filesize": "56664964"}}, {"date_created": "2021-04-21T19:20:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "825", "filesize": "184835"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3115", "filesize": "1233318"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.202/2010.202_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4540", "height": "4159", "filesize": "56671076"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168423, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:08.123000"}, {"id": 170877, "accession_number": "2013.347", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Posthumous portrait of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719\u20131748) holding a falcon (recto); Calligraphy (verso), 1764. Muhammad Rizavi Hindi (Indian, active mid-1700s), Mahmud ibn Ishaq al-Shahabi (Persian, active mid- to late 1500s). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; painting only: 14.4 x 10.3 cm (5 11/16 x 4 1/16 in.); page: 28 x 23.8 cm (11 x 9 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.347", "current_location": null, "title": "Posthumous portrait of the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719\u20131748) holding a falcon (recto); Calligraphy (verso)", "creation_date": "1764", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1764, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Mughal India, probably Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 14.4 x 10.3 cm (5 11/16 x 4 1/16 in.); Page: 28 x 23.8 cm (11 x 9 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.144, "width": 0.103}, "page": {"height": 0.28, "width": 0.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "recto: \nPersian inscription in top margin, in nasta\u2018liq script. \nPicture of Muhammad Shah, the Great Warrior King", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "recto:\nPersian inscription at bottom center of painting, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nThe work of the lowly Muhammad Riza, the Indian 178 [AH 1178]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: \nIn center, Persian exercises including on the second line down the \u201cabjad\u201d letters of numeration followed by calligrapher\u2019s signature, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nDone by the hand of the sinful slave Mahmud ibn Ishaq al-Shahabi, may God forgive his sins, in the year 982", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: \nPersian verses above from a ghazal of Hafiz (Persian, 1325\u20131389), in nasta\u2018liq script.\nFor some days now the Daughter of the Vine has been lost to us,/\nGone away to tend to her own affairs. Be alert and prepared (as a search party)./\nHer dress is of rubies and she wears a tiara of delicate glass./\nShe carries off wisdom and knowledge. Till you feel safe and secure from her, remain alert!/\nWhoever will bring her bitter presence to me, I will give him sweet confectionaries (halwa) in exchange,/\nAnd should she be hiding in disguise in the underworld, go down (and seek her out)/\nThe daughter of the dark-colored (vine) is quick-tempered, petulant, rose-colored and drunk./\nShould you find her, take her towards Hafiz\u2019s house.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: Persian verses below, continued from above, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nI saw her last night, sauntering and tipsy./\nA cup in hand, she was heading towards a gathering of the drunk/\nI was so vexed that my poetic powers/\nBecame distraught and fled away from me/\nShe was harboring thoughts of Khwarazm and the shores of the Oxus/\nWith a thousand complaints she was leaving the Kingdom of Solomon/\nGone would be the person who knew the very soul of poetry as no one else./\nI was witnessing this and my soul was seeping out of my body/\nI protested and much lamented but to no avail/\nFor this was a matter for the Sultan\u2019s compassion to tend.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Paintings in West Coast Private Collections. Society for Asian Art, De Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (May 29-July 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-05-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Life at Court: art for India's rulers, 16th-19th centuries. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (November 20, 1985-February 9, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Charles Forbes, 7th Baronet [1773\u20131849], Bengal, London, and Scotland, by descent to his great-grandson, Colonel Sir John Forbes", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1811\u20131849", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Colonel Sir John Stewart Forbes [1901\u20131984], Baronet, DSO, DL, Allargue House, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK, consigned to Sotheby's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures, 10 December 1962, lot 25, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "December 10, 1962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962\u20132013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The archer\u2019s thumb ring is for drawing the bowstring. Perhaps he was left-handed.", "description": "Emperor Muhammad Shah, who reigned from 1719 to 1748, was known as \u201cRangila,\u201d which means \u201cthe Colorful.\u201d The innovative use of a black background sharply sets off the chartreuse green of his jama and the pearls of his adornments and bolster. On his left thumb he wears an archer\u2019s ring, and a stabbing dagger is tucked into his bejeweled belt. Even his trained hunting falcon has a ruby necklace. In this formal posthumous portrait, the master artist conveys a heightened realism that emerges effortlessly from elegant contour lines and bold use of color. The work was part of an album of paintings collected in India before 1811 by a Scottish politician who worked for the British East India Company.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482228"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.347-posthumous-portrait"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Indian Miniature Paintings from West Coast Private Collections. [Exhibition] May 29-July 19, 1964. San Francisco, CA: M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Desai, Vishakha N., B. N. Goswamy, and Ainslie Thomas Embree. Life at Court: Art for India's Rulers, 16th-19th Centuries. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 39, cat. no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 90, p. front and back covers, p. 251", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.347", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.347/2013.347_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "610", "filesize": "317931", "filename": "2013.347_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.347/2013.347_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2303", "filesize": "3034475", "filename": "2013.347_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.347/2013.347_full.tif", "width": "10138", "height": "6867", "filesize": "208886320", "filename": "2013.347_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-14T10:40:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.347/2013.347_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "900", "filesize": "240763"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.347/2013.347_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2483", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2820248"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.347/2013.347_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5014", "height": "6867", "filesize": "103326696"}}], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170877, "creators": [{"id": 63557, "description": "Muhammad Rizavi Hindi (Indian, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 64825, "description": "Mahmud ibn Ishaq al-Shahabi (Persian, active mid- to late 1500s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "calligraphy by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1764", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Posthumous Portrait of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah (r. 1719-1748) Holding a Falcon (recto); Calligraphy (verso)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:49.609000"}, {"id": 115159, "accession_number": "1935.306", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Antelope, 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Akan-style artist. Copper alloy; overall: 5.2 cm (2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1935.306", "current_location": null, "title": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Antelope", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Akan-style artist"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Overall: 5.2 cm (2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.052, "length": 0.07}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355594, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 3-August 29, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: African Negro Art, cat. no. 190, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "To make this casting, a brass caster first modeled the shape in wax.", "description": "The wealth and power of the Asante kingdom were derived primarily from its massive gold resources. Since at least 1600, small weights in brass and bronze were used to weigh gold dust and nuggets. The royal court had the most elaborate store of weights, while commoners often had about a dozen. Their imagery falls into two broad categories: geometric and representational. The latter often refers to proverbs, which used judiciously, mark a wise person. The weight in the form of an antelope with enormous horns may refer to the proverb \"had I known\"\u2014a visual pun between the length of the horns and the idea of hindsight as perfect vision.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008259"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.306-gold-weight-abrammuo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. African Negro Art. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 190.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.306", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.306/1935.306_web.jpg", "width": "994", "height": "893", "filesize": "364540", "filename": "1935.306_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.306/1935.306_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3055", "filesize": "839019", "filename": "1935.306_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.306/1935.306_full.tif", "width": "4694", "height": "4218", "filesize": "59418724", "filename": "1935.306_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-11-05T16:13:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.306/1935.306_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "423", "filesize": "157491"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.306/1935.306_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1599", "filesize": "717440"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1935.306/1935.306_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5884", "height": "2768", "filesize": "48892888"}}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115159, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Weight for Measuring Gold : Antelope"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:59.928000"}, {"id": 133056, "accession_number": "1955.479", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Temple of Flora; or Garden of Nature. Picturesque Botanical Plates of the New Illustration of the Sexual System of Linnaeus: Large Flowering Sensitive Plant, Plate 16, 1799. Joseph Constantine Stadler (German, active 1780\u20131822), after Philip Reinagle (British, 1749\u20131833), published by Robert John Thornton (British, 1768\u20131837). Etching with printed and hand-applied color, aquatint, stipple, and engraving; image: 44.2 x 35.8 cm (17 3/8 x 14 1/8 in.); plate: 47.5 x 36 cm (18 11/16 x 14 3/16 in.); sheet: 53.5 x 43.9 cm (21 1/16 x 17 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland in honor of Mrs. William G. Mather, 1955.479", "current_location": null, "title": "Large Flowering Sensitive Plant, Plate 16", "series": "The Temple of Flora; or Garden of Nature. Picturesque Botanical Plates of the New Illustration of the Sexual System of Linnaeus", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, late 18th-early 19th Century"], "technique": "Etching with printed and hand-applied color, aquatint, stipple, and engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Aquatint", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 44.2 x 35.8 cm (17 3/8 x 14 1/8 in.); Plate: 47.5 x 36 cm (18 11/16 x 14 3/16 in.); Sheet: 53.5 x 43.9 cm (21 1/16 x 17 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.442, "width": 0.358}, "plate": {"height": 0.475, "width": 0.36}, "sheet": {"height": 0.535, "width": 0.439}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301685, "title": "Flower and Fruit Prints and Drawings", "description": "Flower and Fruit Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 25-October 10, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309648, "title": "The Perennial Garden: 18th and 19th Century Botanical Prints", "description": "The Perennial Garden: 18th and 19th Century Botanical Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 3-July 31, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-05-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 203083, "title": "The Flowering of the Botanical Print", "description": "The Flowering of the Botanical Print. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 3, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Vixseboxse Art Galleries, Inc., Cleveland, OH, to The Print Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 21, 1955\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In The Temple of Flora, this print was accompanied by a scientific description and a poem written by Erasmus Darwin (Charles Darwin\u2019s grandfather).", "description": "Fueled by scientific and colonial expeditions that brought back plant specimens from across the globe, the science of botany blossomed in Enlightenment Europe. This print is from a sumptuously illustrated treatise known as The Temple of Flora. Commissioned and published by Dr. Robert John Thornton, a British medical botanist, the work illustrates the new plant classification system of Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus. Yet while these prints realistically depict buds, flowers, and leaves, they show them in environments where they did not actually grow. Instead, Thornton had the artists situate specimens in imagined landscapes, often reminiscent of British colonial holdings, which he felt better suited the plants.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80025188"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.479-the-temple-of-flora", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.479-large-flowering-sens"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane. \u201cFlower Power: The history of botanical prints has deep roots.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 56, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 10-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10; Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-03"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Dunthorne 301, p. 248; Nissen 1955", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.479", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.479/1955.479_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "900", "filesize": "208490", "filename": "1955.479_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.479/1955.479_print.jpg", "width": "2615", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2472244", "filename": "1955.479_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.479/1955.479_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5355", "filesize": "66187256", "filename": "1955.479_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland in honor of Mrs. William G. Mather", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133056, "creators": [{"id": 47615, "description": "Joseph Constantine Stadler (German, active 1780\u20131822)", "extent": "engraved by", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 48456, "description": "Philip Reinagle (British, 1749\u20131833)", "extent": "designed by", "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1749", "death_year": "1833", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 27182, "description": "Robert John Thornton (British, 1768\u20131837)", "extent": "published by", "qualifier": null, "role": "publisher", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-11-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1799, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1799", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:56.807000"}, {"id": 140096, "accession_number": "1964.105", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Peonies (\u7261\u4e39\u56f3), mid 1700s. Tatebayashi Kagei (Japanese, active mid-1700s). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; painting only: 90.9 x 36.2 cm (35 13/16 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1964.105", "current_location": null, "title": "Peonies", "title_in_original_language": "\u7261\u4e39\u56f3", "creation_date": "mid 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 90.9 x 36.2 cm (35 13/16 x 14 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.909, "width": 0.362}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower right, Kagei's signature in black, a round red seal and a small square one.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 374890, "title": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)", "description": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23-October 3, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13-November 17, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-07-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Harry C. Nail Jr. [1909\u20131990], El Dorado, AR, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art by exchange", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1738, Kagei received a copy made by Ogata K\u014drin of a fan painting by Tawaraya S\u014dtatsu from K\u014drin's brother Ogata Kenzan, so some think he trained with Kenzan in Edo (present-day Tokyo).", "description": "A proliferation of white tree peonies dominates this composition. Behind them are tall, feathery-topped susuki grasses and leafy deciduous trees. Tatebayashi Kagei restricted his palette to ink with red and white color, along with sparing use of green in the peony leaves and the blades of grass. He made generous use of the \u201cdripping-in\u201d (tarashikomi) technique, layering pooled ink and color, in the peony leaves. The areas left in reserve create the impression of insect-eaten or late season foliage.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469122"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.105-peonies"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"S\u014dsetsu and Flowers.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 57, no. 8 (1970): 263-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 270, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152343"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.105", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.105/1964.105_web.jpg", "width": "388", "height": "900", "filesize": "143286", "filename": "1964.105_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.105/1964.105_print.jpg", "width": "1465", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1331137", "filename": "1964.105_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.105/1964.105_full.tif", "width": "3369", "height": "7819", "filesize": "79057192", "filename": "1964.105_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "375", "height": "893", "filesize": "67525"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "860", "height": "2048", "filesize": "362287"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt0_full.tif", "width": "860", "height": "2048", "filesize": "368215"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-10T12:53:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "323", "height": "900", "filesize": "107237"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1220", "height": "3400", "filesize": "937573"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2617", "height": "7291", "filesize": "57270836"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-10T13:25:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "900", "filesize": "231219"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2786", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2617495"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3904", "height": "4764", "filesize": "55827532"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-16T16:18:32.014000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "900", "filesize": "118334"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2176", "height": "3400", "filesize": "938070"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2883", "height": "4504", "filesize": "39000712"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-16T16:18:46.085000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "774", "filesize": "238250"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2923", "filesize": "1857365"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3757", "height": "3230", "filesize": "36452364"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-16T16:19:00.004000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "809", "filesize": "254353"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3057", "filesize": "1981414"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3672", "height": "3302", "filesize": "36422172"}}, {"date_created": "2015-03-16T16:19:21.072000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "768", "filesize": "159994"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2900", "filesize": "1072719"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.105/1964.105_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3537", "height": "3017", "filesize": "32054472"}}], "creditline": "Worcester R. Warner Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140096, "creators": [{"id": 6050, "description": "Tatebayashi Kagei (Japanese, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u7acb\u6797\u4f55\u5e20", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Flowers and Foliage of Autumn"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:32.233000"}, {"id": 143148, "accession_number": "1967.130.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Woman and Man Playing Cards (verso), 1792. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Black crayon; sheet: 32.3 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1967.130.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Woman and Man Playing Cards (verso)", "creation_date": "1792", "creation_date_earliest": 1787, "creation_date_latest": 1797, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "black crayon", "support_materials": [{"description": "light brown laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 18th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "width": 0.407}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 191183, "title": "American Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "American Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 19-July 12, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-04-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "cma 1967; cma 1990b; cma 1998.", "opening_date": "1967-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art; 4/19/98 - 7/12/98. \"American Drawings from the Permanent Collection.\"", "opening_date": "1998-04-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Sven Gahlin, Ltd.].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Benjamin West was born into poverty in rural Pennsylvania, the youngest of ten children, but rose to become the first American artist to train in Italy and command a successful career as a history painter in England.", "description": "Born in rural Pennsylvania, trained in Italy, and based in London for the entirety of his career, Benjamin West exemplifies the transatlantic character of colonial-era American art. In England, his success as a history painter propelled him to the position of court painter by 1772. West\u2019s study of the head of a screaming man, believed to be done in preparation for a now-lost painting commissioned by King George III (1738\u20131820), was likely not drawn from life. It was modeled on the ideas of French artist Charles LeBrun (1619\u20131690), whose lectures on depicting the passions of the soul were surely known to the academic West. Working out the facial expression of terror, West emphasized the musculature of the man\u2019s neck, jawline, and brow with thick, emphatic strokes. He employed light brown paper as a midtone and rubbed shadows beneath the man\u2019s chin and flying hair. The purpose of the drawing is not entirely understood. In Pharaoh and His Host Lost in the Red Sea, an oil sketch West likely executed prior to Cleveland\u2019s drawing, the dramatic twist of the pharaoh\u2019s screaming head strongly resembles that in Cleveland\u2019s sheet. However, a drawing in Boston believed to depict the lost painting indicates a composition quite different from West\u2019s oil sketch, leaving the role of this crayon study in the creation of the final painting uncertain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80043426"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.130.b-woman-and-man-playin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 200-201, 295, cat. no. 82", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.130.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130.b/1967.130.b_web.jpg", "width": "1115", "height": "893", "filesize": "917342", "filename": "1967.130.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130.b/1967.130.b_print.jpg", "width": "1918", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2716142", "filename": "1967.130.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.130.b/1967.130.b_full.tif", "width": "1918", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8841396", "filename": "1967.130.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143148, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1787, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1792", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1967.130", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:25.131000"}, {"id": 143653, "accession_number": "1968.108", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be (verso), 1744\u201345. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; recto painting: 13.4 x 14.9 cm (5 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); verso painting: 14.9 x 14.8 cm (5 7/8 x 5 13/16 in.); overall: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Parmelee and Cornelia Blakemore Warner Funds, 1968.108", "current_location": null, "title": "Folio 18 from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand: Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth (recto); Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be (verso)", "creation_date": "1744\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1744, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Recto Painting: 13.4 x 14.9 cm (5 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); Verso Painting: 14.9 x 14.8 cm (5 7/8 x 5 13/16 in.); Overall: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.288, "width": 0.2}, "recto painting": {"height": 0.134, "width": 0.149}, "verso painting": {"height": 0.149, "width": 0.148}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[recto, caption above image]] a\u1e6dhai g\u012bradhavo pa\u1e41kh\u012b r\u0101va\u1e47a su\u1e41 judha karai pa\u1e41kh\u012b h\u0101ryo pathara muha mai n\u0101khy\u0101 / bh\u0101va 35", "inscription_translation": "Here, the G\u012bradhava bird is fighting R\u0101va\u1e47a. [R\u0101va\u1e47a] defeated the bird [by] making stones slide down his throat. 35", "inscription_remark": "", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[recto, text below image]] r\u0101va\u1e47a kai geha || naya\u1e47\u0101 \u0101su jha\u1e0da lagyau || j\u0101\u1e47ika barasata meha / ||92|| g\u012bradhavo pa\u1e41kh\u012b \u015br\u012b r\u0101ma ko || s\u012bt\u0101 cok\u012bd\u0101ra || cuga\u1e47a / gayo t\u012b\u1e47a avasarai || p\u0101chai har\u012b ja n\u0101ra ||93|| r\u0101va\u1e47a l\u012by\u0101 j\u0101 / ta hai || s\u012bt\u0101 kar\u012b puk\u0101ra || pa\u1e41kh\u012b p\u0101kha pas\u0101ra ke || pa\u1e0dyo ja r\u0101va\u1e47a / l\u0101ra ||94|| c\u0101ca m\u0101rata saba deha mai || jaisai barach\u012b p\u0101ra || la\u1e0data / la\u1e0data r\u0101va\u1e47a \u1e0daryo || khuba pohoc\u0101\u00ef m\u0101ra ||95|| pathara lo / h\u012b r\u0101va\u1e47a ra\u1e41gai || \u1e0d\u0101rata mukha mai kh\u0101ta || p\u0101thara su bh\u0101r\u012b huvo / jaba r\u0101va\u1e47a le j\u0101ta ||96|| le s\u012bt\u0101 la\u1e41k\u0101 gaye || r\u0101kasa / bhae \u016bd\u0101sa || r\u0101va\u1e47a ku\u1e41 aisai kahai || gayo ja la\u1e41k\u0101 b\u0101sa ||9 / 7|| r\u0101va\u1e47a v\u0101yaka\u1e25 || r\u0101kas\u0101 su kahai joma k\u012b b\u0101ta", "inscription_translation": "[\u2026] R\u0101va\u1e47a\u2019s home. Her eyes started to shed tears. J\u0101nak\u012b was a raining cloud. The G\u012bradhavo bird of \u015ar\u012b R\u0101ma was the guardian of S\u012bt\u0101. He had gone to peck [at grains] at this moment, behind the woman who was being raptured. ||93||\n\n\nR\u0101va\u1e47a was taking her away. S\u012bt\u0101 shouted. The bird spread out his wings. He bursted on the back of R\u0101va\u1e47a. ||94||\n\n\nHe hit him with his beak all over his body, like a spear he made [blows] rain. Fighting and fighting, R\u0101va\u1e47a was frightened. He fought back fiercely. ||95||\nR\u0101va\u1e47a painted stones with blood. He threw them down his beak, made him eat [them]. He became heavy because of the stones while R\u0101va\u1e47a was taking [her] away. ||96||\n\nHe took S\u012bt\u0101 to La\u1e45k\u0101. The demons were displeased. They said to R\u0101va\u1e47a: \u201cThe fragrance of La\u1e45k\u0101 has vanished\u201d. ||97||\n\n\nR\u0101va\u1e47a\u2019s speech. He says things full of passion to the demons:", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso, caption above image]] a\u1e6dhai \u015br\u012b r\u0101maj\u012b dusat\u0101 bai\u1e6dh\u0101 s\u012bt\u0101 b\u012bjyoga \u016bpajyau lachama\u1e47a h\u012b mal\u0101sa dai / bh\u0101va 36", "inscription_translation": "Here \u015ar\u012b R\u0101ma sits, dejected. He grieves S\u012bt\u0101's loss. Laksmana gives [him] the hope of meeting [her again]. Scene 36", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso, text above image and caption]] bh\u016bma\u1e41\u1e0dala aiso ko nah\u012b || jyo chu\u1e0d\u0101vata mujha \u1e6dh\u0101ma || bh\u0101ji karu caka / cura h\u012b || r\u0101va\u1e47a m\u0101haro n\u0101ma ||98|| abai r\u0101va\u1e47a s\u012bt\u0101 ne lera la\u1e41ka / ga\u1e0dha mai gayo chai avai \u015br\u012b r\u0101maj\u012b ka s\u012bta rai su\u1e41 lera \u0101vai so bh\u0101va / \u0101e r\u0101ma sak\u0101ra su || s\u012bt\u0101 na de\u1e41khai naina || sun\u012b ma\u1e0dhiy\u0101 dekha kai | / lakhama\u1e47a su kahai vai\u1e47a ||99|| p\u0101be ku\u1e41 banaphala m\u012blai\u1e41 || \u016b\u1e0dha\u1e47a ku / tarupata || ete mai s\u012bt\u0101 hara gae || b\u012bpata m\u0101h\u012bb\u012bpata ||100| la / chama\u1e47a b\u0101yaka r\u0101maj\u012b su kahai\u1e25 || sora\u1e6dho bh\u0101i mo disa bh\u0101la || mai / kema ja m\u0101ro ka\u1e0dhiyo || tr\u012by\u0101 b\u012b\u1e47a eka h\u012b b\u0101ra || rovai k\u0101su\u1e41 / r\u0101maca\u1e41da ||1|| ete mai g\u012bradhavo pa\u1e41kh\u012b || \u0101yo r\u0101ma hajura ||", "inscription_translation": "\u201cThere is no one on the surface of the Earth who could make her leave my kingdom. If he flees [with her], he will be reduced to ashes. My name is R\u0101va\u1e47a!\u201d ||98||\n\n\nNow R\u0101va\u1e47a has gone to the fortress of La\u1e45k\u0101 having abducted S\u012bt\u0101. Now \u015ar\u012b R\u0101ma is coming to get S\u012bt\u0101. This is the scene/mood. \n\n\nR\u0101ma came back from the hunt. His eyes did not see S\u012bt\u0101. When he saw the empty hut, he said to Lak\u1e63ma\u1e47a [these] words: ||99||\n\n\u201cIn the mountain, there are wild (forest) fruits, there are tree leaves to make veils. There S\u012bt\u0101 was abducted. This is a disaster, a great disaster.\u201d ||100|\nLak\u1e63ma\u1e47a\u2019s speech. He says to R\u0101ma: (Sora\u1e6dh\u0101) \n\n\nI see good signs. How could something be taken away from me? To be without wife for a day, why cry [for this] O R\u0101ma.\u201d ||1|| \n\n\nHere the G\u012bradhava bird arrived before R\u0101ma.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso, lower right corner]] 18", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Arun Bharany, New Delhi, India, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131968", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Reciting, hearing, and meditating on this story was thought to bring merit for ten million eons (a crore of kalpas).", "description": "Scenes pertaining to the loss and rescue of Sita have been embedded in a popular tale written by Bhadrasena (active c. 1620), and expanded by the poet Karamacand in 1629\u201330. The pages from this manuscript are dispersed among many collections. Its last page, known from a photograph provided by Arun Bharany in New Delhi, includes a colophon statement. It informs us that the manuscript was written in Samvat 1802 (equivalent to 1744\u201345) in Kishangarh for five patrons named Rikhaji, Karamchandji, Mahataji, Shri Jagamalaji, and his son Motichandji. The scribe was a monk named Udayasagar in the Bijai (or Vijay) Gacch, a monastic lineage of the Shvetambar Jains.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483520"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.108-two-pages-of-abducti", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.108-folio-18-from-a-chan"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Oriental Art. 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Waterfalls tumbling from the skies reverberate in the clouds.", "inscription_translation": "Artist's poetic inscription. Signed and dated", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "Year in Review: 1972. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 331439, "title": "Japanese art rotation", "description": "Japanese art rotation. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (January 9-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 295386, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (March 27-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Year in Review 1975. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 3-March 7, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Japanese Woodblock Prints: Themes and Techniques. Cleveland Museum of Art Education Department, Cleveland, OH (1980).", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha H. Wade III [1924\u20132008], Massachusetts, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["75.98"], "did_you_know": "A sense of movement is conveyed by their sleeves fluttering in the breeze.", "description": "Caught up in a frenzied pursuit of fireflies, one boy has waded into a stream after his quarry, while a younger one watches in anticipation as a young woman thrusts her fan into the air in the hope of capturing hers. In the center of the composition, a girl examines the insects trapped in her elegantly carved cage.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928800"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.98.c-catching-fireflies-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 63, no. 2, 1976, pp. 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71, cat. no. 165", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.98.c", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.98.c/1975.98.c_web.jpg", "width": "597", "height": "893", "filesize": "459066", "filename": "1975.98.c_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.98.c/1975.98.c_print.jpg", "width": "2272", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5333730", "filename": "1975.98.c_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.98.c/1975.98.c_full.tif", "width": "3341", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50139660", "filename": "1975.98.c_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Jeptha H. Wade in honor of Emily V. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148393, "creators": [{"id": 23355, "description": "Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u559c\u591a\u5ddd \u6b4c\u9ebf", "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1796\u201397", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1975.98", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:31.090000"}, {"id": 150175, "accession_number": "1980.90", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Sleeping Leopard, 1791. George Stubbs (British, 1724\u20131806). Soft-ground etching with roulette work; image and plate: 18 x 23.7 cm (7 1/16 x 9 5/16 in.); sheet: 18.4 x 24 cm (7 1/4 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1980.90", "current_location": null, "title": "A Sleeping Leopard", "creation_date": "1791", "creation_date_earliest": 1791, "creation_date_latest": 1791, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "Soft-ground etching with roulette work", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Mezzotint", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image and Plate: 18 x 23.7 cm (7 1/16 x 9 5/16 in.); Sheet: 18.4 x 24 cm (7 1/4 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image and plate": {"height": 0.18, "width": 0.237}, "sheet": {"height": 0.184, "width": 0.24}}, "state_of_the_work": "II/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Printed, lower center: Painted, Engraved & Published by Geo. Stubbs, 1 Jan 1791, No. 24 Somerset Str. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi & Co., Ltd., London, England), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131980", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 9, 1980\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "George Stubbs carefully studied the different animals he depicted and even published a book on the anatomy of the horse.", "description": "A famed animal painter, George Stubbs studied anatomy and likely had access to one of London\u2019s various menageries, where he could view animals kept as curiosities and brought to England from across the globe. Here, Stubbs used innovative printmaking techniques to capture the roughness of the tree bark, the rocky surface of the ground, and the softness of the leopard\u2019s fur. Stubbs was one of the earliest artists to experiment with soft-ground etching, which allowed him to re-create texture by transferring his image onto a printing plate through an actual drawing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932410"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.90-a-sleeping-leopard"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192; Mentioned: p. 217, no. 240", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Taylor 18; Lennox-Boyd, Dixon, & Clayton 91", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.90", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.90/1980.90_web.jpg", "width": "1162", "height": "893", "filesize": "887989", "filename": "1980.90_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.90/1980.90_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2612", "filesize": "6903430", "filename": "1980.90_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.90/1980.90_full.tif", "width": "5332", "height": "4096", "filesize": "65551492", "filename": "1980.90_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150175, "creators": [{"id": 27648, "description": "George Stubbs (British, 1724\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 27648, "description": "George Stubbs (British, 1724\u20131806)", "extent": "published by", "qualifier": null, "role": "publisher", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-09-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1791, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1791", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:21.073000"}, {"id": 152233, "accession_number": "1985.119", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Katar dagger, 1700s. India, Mughal. Iron handle with gold inlay; steel blade; wooden sheath with velvet cover, brass boss, iron tip with gold inlay; overall: 45.6 x 8.2 cm (17 15/16 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Morris and Eleanor Everett, 1985.119", "current_location": null, "title": "Katar dagger", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mughal"], "technique": "Iron handle with gold inlay; steel blade; wooden sheath with velvet cover, brass boss, iron tip with gold inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 45.6 x 8.2 cm (17 15/16 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.456, "width": 0.082, "length": 0.437}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350154, "title": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2019-April 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441124, "title": "Martial Art of India", "description": "Martial Art of India. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 21, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, UK, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ornament on the handle faces up from the perspective of a right-handed user, on all sides.", "description": "Stabbing daggers called katar were distinctive to India and often worn by soldiers and courtiers, tucked into their belts. Covering the entire handle are tiny scenes of lions and cheetahs hunting deer and buffalo in rocky wooded settings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761146"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.119-katar-dagger"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1985.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 73, no. 2 (February 1986): 26\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51; Mentioned: p. 71, no. 206", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.119", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.119/1985.119_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "900", "filesize": "75970", "filename": "1985.119_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.119/1985.119_print.jpg", "width": "2180", "height": "3400", "filesize": "614089", "filename": "1985.119_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.119/1985.119_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "7458", "filesize": "107025296", "filename": "1985.119_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-07-31T15:35:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "44011"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2539", "height": "3400", "filesize": "640414"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5175", "height": "6928", "filesize": "107594608"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-31T16:07:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "43668"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2482", "height": "3400", "filesize": "623681"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5017", "height": "6871", "filesize": "103455100"}}, {"date_created": "2015-09-04T14:52:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "900", "filesize": "75994"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2155", "height": "3400", "filesize": "668039"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119/1985.119_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "7544", "filesize": "108258804"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Morris and Eleanor Everett", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152233, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-08-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Katar (Dagger)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:23.783000"}, {"id": 154775, "accession_number": "1989.352", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate with Nandi in Center, c. 1800. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur. Cloisonn\u00e9 enamel on gold; diameter: 14.4 cm (5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.352", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate with Nandi in Center", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur"], "technique": "cloisonn\u00e9 enamel on gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Diameter: 14.4 cm (5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.144}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 674335, "title": "Temples and Worship in South Asia", "description": "Temples and Worship in South Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14, 2024-March 9, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Everett Rassiga, Inc., NY, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u20131989", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A peacock and peahen inhabit the upper right corner.", "description": "Petal-shaped canopies filled with floral designs and birds encircle an image of Nandi, the white bull mount of the Hindu destroyer god Shiva. Together they form a lotus flower. The birds are individualized species, showing the care of the metalworker to depict nature in all its variety and splendor. The fowl include peacocks, parakeets, bluebirds, and possibly even Indian rollers. To make the birds\u2019 wings and the details on Nandi, the artist used thin gold wire to create cells, called cloisons, that could then be filled with colored glass. Some of the red glass has been lost on the outer rim of the plate.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79942308"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.352-plate-with-nandi-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 197, p. 92.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.352", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.352/1989.352_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "846", "filesize": "469212", "filename": "1989.352_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.352/1989.352_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3197", "filesize": "5026135", "filename": "1989.352_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.352/1989.352_full.tif", "width": "7842", "height": "7373", "filesize": "173487664", "filename": "1989.352_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-11-09T16:37:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.352/1989.352_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "873", "filesize": "285798"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.352/1989.352_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3299", "filesize": "3067520"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.352/1989.352_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7654", "height": "7426", "filesize": "170543632"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154775, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:02.990000"}, {"id": 154776, "accession_number": "1989.353", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box decorated with Shiva, Vishnu, Krishna, and Ganesha, c. 1800. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur. Gold with enamel; overall: 4.5 x 6.3 cm (1 3/4 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.353", "current_location": null, "title": "Box decorated with Shiva, Vishnu, Krishna, and Ganesha", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur"], "technique": "gold with enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 4.5 x 6.3 cm (1 3/4 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.045, "width": 0.063, "length": 0.045}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 674335, "title": "Temples and Worship in South Asia", "description": "Temples and Worship in South Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14, 2024-March 9, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff, Inc., New York, NY, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131968", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968\u20131989", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Shiva\u2019s mount is the bull; the tiger is the mount of his wife.", "description": "This box is covered in a variety of birds, animals, and plants. The central motifs on the lids include images of four Hindu gods: Shiva, Krishna, Vishnu, and Ganesha. The blue figures are Vishnu and Krishna, the latter of which is an incarnation of the former who is shown playing a flute. 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Proctor, 1990.40", "current_location": null, "title": "Sacrificial Fire, from the \"Tula Ram\" Bhagavata Purana", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1710, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Western India, Gujarat, Surat"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 25.4 x 21.5 cm (10 x 8 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.215}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "jagya karau hau ka\u1e43su b\u0101sudevaj\u012b ke b\u0101ha ke n\u012bv\u012bta", "inscription_translation": "Kamsa is offering a sacrifice in order to kill Vasudeva.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302076, "title": "Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection", "description": "Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 14-February 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John D. Proctor, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131990", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["59.75", "543.78"], "did_you_know": "The sage Narada in the upper right corner plays a stringed instrument called a vina.", "description": "The evil king Kamsa organized a fire sacrifice in order to bring about the death of his brother-in-law, Vasudeva, father of the Hindu god incarnated as Krishna. The four-armed god of creation, Brahma, attends at the upper left with the sage, or holy man, Narada at the upper right.
Scholars have linked the copious floral motifs throughout this dispersed series with textile patterns. This series was created in a port city, the center of flourishing international textile trade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476499"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.40-sacrificial-fire", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.40-sacrificial-fire-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection: Catalog. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: cat. no. 58.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.40/1990.40_web.jpg", "width": "786", "height": "900", "filesize": "484112", "filename": "1990.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.40/1990.40_print.jpg", "width": "2971", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5489058", "filename": "1990.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.40/1990.40_full.tif", "width": "8892", "height": "10177", "filesize": "271516073", "filename": "1990.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-14T12:15:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.40/1990.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "900", "filesize": "300039"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.40/1990.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2730", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3014618"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.40/1990.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4926", "height": "6136", "filesize": "90713364"}}, {"date_created": "2023-09-06T10:36:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.40/1990.40_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "786", "height": "900", "filesize": "363423"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.40/1990.40_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2971", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4925150"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.40/1990.40_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8892", "height": "10177", "filesize": "271511249"}}], "creditline": "Gift of John D. Proctor", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155592, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1710, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sacrificial Fire", "Sacrificial Fire, from the \"Tula Ram\" Bhagavata Purana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:09.818000"}, {"id": 128834, "accession_number": "1951.451", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pilgrim Bottle, c. 1715. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710). Polished red stoneware, silver-gilt mounts; overall: 15.9 x 9.6 cm (6 1/4 x 3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1951.451", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Pilgrim Bottle", "creation_date": "c. 1715", "creation_date_earliest": 1710, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Meissen, 18th century"], "technique": "polished red stoneware, silver-gilt mounts", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.9 x 9.6 cm (6 1/4 x 3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.159, "width": 0.096}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131951", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Throughout the early 1700s porcelain was imported to Europe from China and Japan, until the correct formula to produce it was developed by Johann Friedrich B\u00f6ttger and a collaborator, which led to the establishment of the Meissen factory in 1710. Red stoneware inspired by Chinese Yixing ware and white porcelain were produced in Meissen under B\u00f6ttger. Its fine red stoneware was so hard that it could be polished on a lapidary\u2019s wheel\u2014as was the body of this bottle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757069"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.451-pilgrim-bottle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 311", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n61"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n153"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n153"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 55, fig. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mahlerbe, Anne. \u201cLa Quete du Rouge: Reve et Cauchemar du Potier.\u201d La Revue de la Ceramique et du Verre 236 (Janvier-Fevrier 2021): 50-53.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \"China's Southern Paradise: Treasures From the Lower Yangzi Delta At the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia (Winter 2023): 98-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104, fig. 10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.451", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.451/1951.451_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "900", "filesize": "168985", "filename": "1951.451_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.451/1951.451_print.jpg", "width": "2590", "height": "3400", "filesize": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.451/1951.451_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5398", "height": "3822", "filesize": "61919688"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128834, "creators": [{"id": 11685, "description": "Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "the first and for half a century the best in Europe. It set a high standard which was emulated everywhere, even in China. Founded in 1710 as the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufacture by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, at Meissen, near Dresden.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1710", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1710, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1715", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pilgrim Bottle"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:20.235000"}, {"id": 151377, "accession_number": "1983.217", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Fall of Simon Magus, c. 1745\u201350. Studio of Pompeo Batoni (Italian, 1708\u20131787). Oil on canvas; framed: 207 x 133 x 10.5 cm (81 1/2 x 52 3/8 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 183 x 108 cm (72 1/16 x 42 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1983.217", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "The Fall of Simon Magus", "creation_date": "c. 1745\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 207 x 133 x 10.5 cm (81 1/2 x 52 3/8 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 183 x 108 cm (72 1/16 x 42 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.07, "width": 1.33, "depth": 0.105}, "unframed": {"height": 1.83, "width": 1.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": " Collecting Drawings in England. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) ( November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Earl of Shrewsbury, Alton Towers (1838, sale 1857 as Subleyras), sold, 1983.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Somerville & Simpson (London, England), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1983.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Saints Peter and Paul came to Rome to win converts to Christianity soon after Christ\u2019s death, while Simon Magus, claiming to be the son of God, attempted to prove his divinity by flying. Due to Saint Peter\u2019s prayers, the demons supporting Simon abandoned him and he plummeted to his death. This work is probably a studio copy after a lost oil sketch for a huge altarpiece commissioned in 1746 for Saint Peter\u2019s Basilica at the Vatican. Because of the humidity in Saint Peter\u2019s, which quickly ruined paintings, the work was to have been translated into a massive mosaic. However, for reasons that remain unclear, Batoni\u2019s mosaic was never created.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475205"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.217-the-fall-of-simon-ma"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Arnaud, Odette. \"Subleyras.\" In Les Peintres Franc\u0327ais du XVIIIe Sie\u0300cle, Histoire des Vies et Catalogue des Oeuvres. Louis Dimier, ed., 49-92. Paris: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 78, no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barsali, Isa Belli. \"Documenti Vaticani per il Batoni.\" Studi Romani XXI, no. 3 (July-Sept. 1973): 366-372.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 367; reproduced: Tav. LIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1983.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI, no. 2 (February, 1984): 39-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55; Mentioned: p. 68, no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Anthony M., and Edgar Peters Bowron. Pompeo Batoni: A Complete Catalogue of His Works with an Introductory Text. New York, NY: New York University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, 261; Reproduced: no. 183, pl. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Groschner, Gabriele. Wen verfu\u0308hrst Du, Thamar?: ikonographische Studien zu Gema\u0308lden der Residenzgalerie Salzburg. Salzburg, Austria: Die Residenzgalerie, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197, fig. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Beverly Louise, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Terisio Pignatti, Oreste Ferrari, and Teresa Longyear. Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch. Milan, Italy: Electa, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49, fig. 18", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.217", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.217/1983.217_web.jpg", "width": "544", "height": "893", "filesize": "328877", "filename": "1983.217_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.217/1983.217_print.jpg", "width": "2071", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4132375", "filename": "1983.217_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.217/1983.217_full.tif", "width": "3655", "height": "6000", "filesize": "65823636", "filename": "1983.217_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-02-23T20:11:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.217/1983.217_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "596", "height": "893", "filesize": "69092"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.217/1983.217_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1044600"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.217/1983.217_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4076", "height": "6100", "filesize": "74617852"}}, {"date_created": "2012-02-23T17:00:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.217/1983.217_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "588", "height": "893", "filesize": "112356"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.217/1983.217_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2239", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1246183"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.217/1983.217_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4172", "height": "6335", "filesize": "79319688"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 151377, "creators": [{"id": 2018, "description": "Pompeo Batoni (Italian, 1708\u20131787)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "studio of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1708", "death_year": "1787", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-12-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1745\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:19.964000"}, {"id": 123682, "accession_number": "1944.228", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea Service (D\u00e9jeuner), c. 1730. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.228", "current_location": null, "title": "Tea Service (D\u00e9jeuner)", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Chantilly, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "The Porcelain Connection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection; (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The use of knobs in the form of trumpet-shaped blossoms is characteristic of porcelain produced at the Chantilly factory.", "description": "This tea service, composed of a teapot, a sugar bowl, two cups, and a tray, is decorated with brightly colored polychrome floral motifs on a milky-white background typical of the Japanese Kakiemon style. The body of the teapot recalls Chinese or Japanese gourd or melon forms while the tray and cups pull inspiration from European silver models.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900979"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.228-tea-service-dejeuner"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Morgan, J. Pierpont, and Xavier Roger Marie Chavagnac. Catalogue des porcelaines franc\u0327aises de m. J. Pierpont Morgan. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1910.", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Early French and German Porcelain Formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 9 (November 1944): 160-162.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 161; Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141159"}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft Paste Porcelain of France.\" The Art Quarterly 11 (Autumn 1948): 335-347.", "page_number": "p. 339, 343, 347", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 303", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Ball, Victoria Kloss. Architecture and Interior Design. New York: Wiley, 1980.", "page_number": "p. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevie\u0300ve. Porcelaine tendre de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle: he\u0301ritages des manufactures de Rouen, Saint-Cloud et Paris et influences sur les autres manufactures de XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Hazan, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 288, 291", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.228", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.228/1944.228_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "808", "filesize": "106292", "filename": "1944.228_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.228/1944.228_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2175", "filesize": "657116", "filename": "1944.228_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.228/1944.228_full.tif", "width": "5009", "height": "3205", "filesize": "48189636", "filename": "1944.228_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-07-19T19:38:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.228/1944.228_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "119475"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.228/1944.228_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "817282"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.228/1944.228_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3576", "height": "2763", "filesize": "29669840"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123682, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:55.222000"}, {"id": 125028, "accession_number": "1946.463", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Right Honorable Lady Mary Radcliffe (1732-98), Wife of Francis Eyre, Esq., 1755. Francis Cotes (British, 1726\u20131770). Pastel on laid paper lined with canvas; image: 60.7 x 45.7 cm (23 7/8 x 18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Edward B. Greene, 1946.463", "current_location": null, "title": "The Right Honorable Lady Mary Radcliffe (1732-98), Wife of Francis Eyre, Esq.", "creation_date": "1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "pastel on laid paper lined with canvas", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper lined with canvas", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 60.7 x 45.7 cm (23 7/8 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.607, "width": 0.457}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed, at lower left, in black chalk: Cotes pxt. / 1755", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Colonel Herbert Hall Mulliner [1861-1924], Birmingham", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1924", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(sale, Christie's, London, July 18, 1924, no. 2)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1924", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1924-by 1937", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(sale, Mensing & Fils, Amsterdam, April 27, 1937, no. 148)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(A. Seligmann & Rey, Paris, sold to Edward B. Greene, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1937", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1937-1946", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Francis Cotes described his pastel works as \"decorative in a very high degree in apartments that are not too large; for having their surface dry, they partake in appearance of the effect of Fresco, and by candle light are luminous and beautiful beyond all other pictures.\"", "description": "A founding member of the Royal Academy and one of the leading fashionable portrait painters of his generation, Francis Cotes was a pioneer of pastel painting in England. Here, in her marriage portrait, the young Lady Mary Radcliffe is regal in a Turkish-inspired, peacock blue mantle decorated with gold and trimmed with ermine. Pearls and feathers adorn her hair and a d\u00e9collet\u00e9 scarlet bodice reveals an expanse of porcelain skin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79903286"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.463-the-right-honorable"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Three Eighteenth-Century Pastel Portraits.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 9 (1947): 213-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 214", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141409"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Edward Mead. Francis Cotes: Complete Edition with a Critical Essay and a Catalogue. Oxford: Phaidon, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58, no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 185, no. 75; Reproduced: p. 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. European and American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeffares, Neil. Dictionary of Pastellists before 1800. London: Unicorn Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeffares, Neil. \"COTES, Francis: Essay, Named Sitters A-H\" Dictionary of Patellists before 1800, Online Edition. 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "www.pastellists.com"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Johnson 57", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.463", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.463/1946.463_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "355707", "filename": "1946.463_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.463/1946.463_print.jpg", "width": "2557", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5394544", "filename": "1946.463_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.463/1946.463_full.tif", "width": "4041", "height": "5373", "filesize": "65169696", "filename": "1946.463_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Edward B. Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125028, "creators": [{"id": 12537, "description": "Francis Cotes (British, 1726\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1726", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:04.609000"}, {"id": 156160, "accession_number": "1991.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Birds and Flowers (\ud654\uc870\ub3c4 (\u82b1\u9ce5\u5716)), late 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Ten-panel folding screen with designs and inscriptions burnt into paper (pyrography); overall: 153.5 x 443 cm (60 7/16 x 174 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Alan Carter Covell and Kyu J. Pak-Covell, 1991.80", "current_location": null, "title": "Birds and Flowers", "title_in_original_language": "\ud654\uc870\ub3c4 (\u82b1\u9ce5\u5716)", "creation_date": "late 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Ten-panel folding screen with designs and inscriptions burnt into paper (pyrography)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 153.5 x 443 cm (60 7/16 x 174 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.535, "width": 4.43}, "each screen": {"height": 1.036, "width": 0.305}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311486, "title": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary", "description": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland. OH (March 10, 2003-July 16, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alan Carter Covell [b. 1952] and Kyu J. Pak-Covell, Garden Grove, CA, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131991", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painting is done by a pyrography method, a technique of burning the surface of materials with a heated tool.", "description": "The image depicted on this folding screen is not executed in ink, but rather a method called \u201cpyrography\" or \"nakhwa,\u201d a technique of burning the surface of materials ranging from wood to paper with the delicately controlled application of a heated metal tool. This technique became widely popular in the 19th century. Scorched marks here replace brush strokes. Nakhwa method is now designated as a Korean Intangible Cultural Asset by the Korean government.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476771"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.80-birds-and-flowers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yi, Seon-hyeong. \"Pak Chang-gyu's Scorched Painting of Birds and Flowers [\ubc15\ucc3d\uaddc(1783~?)\uc758 \ub099\ud654 \ud654\uc870\ub3c4].\" Misulsa yeongu (1989): 105-116.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00195338"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 2 (February 1993): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Kim, In-gyu and Yeong-jo Kim. Nakwajang. Seoul: National Folk Museum of Korea: 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pak, Jeong-hye. \u201cScorched Paintings of Korea During the 19th and early 20th century [19\uc138\uae30\uc640 20\uc138\uae30\uc804\ubc18\uc758 \uf916\u7575\uc5f0\uad6c]. Misulsa yeongu 33. (2017), 73-102.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07283427"}, {"citation": "Beyond Folding Screens [\uc870\uc120, \ubcd1\ud48d\uc758 \ub098\ub77c]. Seoul: Amorepacific Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 212-218, no. 121", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.80/1991.80_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "438", "filesize": "103568", "filename": "1991.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.80/1991.80_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1180", "filesize": "791234", "filename": "1991.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.80/1991.80_full.tif", "width": "18695", "height": "6493", "filesize": "364197300", "filename": "1991.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-14T19:03:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "547", "height": "893", "filesize": "90308"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2081", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1258883"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3982", "height": "6505", "filesize": "77732276"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-14T18:59:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "534", "height": "893", "filesize": "89584"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2033", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1273487"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3895", "height": "6513", "filesize": "76127720"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-14T18:53:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "528", "height": "893", "filesize": "89641"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2009", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1254145"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3836", "height": "6490", "filesize": "74710236"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-14T18:49:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "539", "height": "893", "filesize": "90049"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2052", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1257767"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3932", "height": "6513", "filesize": "76850660"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-14T18:39:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "536", "height": "893", "filesize": "89614"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2039", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1260937"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.80/1991.80_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3923", "height": "6541", "filesize": "77004340"}}], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Alan Carter Covell and Kyu J. Pak-Covell", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156160, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:17.903000"}, {"id": 159835, "accession_number": "1997.147", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gathering among the Members of Office Censor-General (\ubbf8\uc6d0\uacc4\ud68c\ub3c4 [\u8587\u57a3\u5951\u6703\u5716]), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll with calligraphy, ink and light colors on paper; painting only: 39.4 x 56.5 cm (15 1/2 x 22 1/4 in.); overall: 122.6 x 68.5 cm (48 1/4 x 26 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1997.147", "current_location": null, "title": "Gathering among the Members of Office Censor-General", "title_in_original_language": "\ubbf8\uc6d0\uacc4\ud68c\ub3c4 [\u8587\u57a3\u5951\u6703\u5716]", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "hanging scroll with calligraphy, ink and light colors on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 39.4 x 56.5 cm (15 1/2 x 22 1/4 in.); Overall: 122.6 x 68.5 cm (48 1/4 x 26 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.394, "width": 0.565}, "overall": {"height": 1.226, "width": 0.685}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 1.226, "width": 0.745}, "cord": {"height": 0.024}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 337978, "title": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 24, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-07-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kozo Mabumoto \u85ea\u672c\u516c\u4e09, Amagasaki, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131997", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gathering portrayed in this painting took place in the 16th century, but the painting itself is a later copy, possibly of the 18th century. ", "description": "In the early Joseon period, paintings of scholar-officials\u2019 gatherings (gyehoedo) gained popularity among the Korean elite. This painting was commissioned by Sim Eongwang, an official of the Joseon court, to depict a miwon gyehoedo, a gathering of cabinet members (saganwon). This meeting is assumed to have been ordered around the time when Sim was the head of the saganwon in 1530. At the bottom of the painting, he added his poem to express a \"literati respect for high spirituality,\" as stated in the first line. The poem was later recorded in his anthology titled Eochonjip (Book of Fisher Village). This painting itself, however, is an 18th-century copy of the original 16th-century painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477443"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.147-gathering-among-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor African Sculpture, Recent Mark Tansey Painting, and Other Works of Art Enter CMA Collection,\u201d September 16, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4152"}, {"citation": "Yun, Jin-young. \u201cGathering Paintings in the Context of Bureaucratic Society of the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \uad00\ub8cc\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \u65b0\u53c3\u79ae\uc640 \u5951\u6703\u5716].\u201d Yeoksa minsokhak (2004): 135\u2013164.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01780138"}, {"citation": "Seon, Seung-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Through the Eyes of Joseon Painters: Real Scenery Landscapes of Korea [\ud654\uac00\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120: \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \uc2e4\uacbd\uc0b0\uc218\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 4 (July/August 2019): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.147", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.147/1997.147_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "891", "filesize": "896468", "filename": "1997.147_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.147/1997.147_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2399", "filesize": "7179575", "filename": "1997.147_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.147/1997.147_full.tif", "width": "6118", "height": "4318", "filesize": "79281692", "filename": "1997.147_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.147/1997.147_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "934556"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.147/1997.147_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1439", "filesize": "2501847"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.147/1997.147_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1439", "filesize": "8844276"}}, {"date_created": "2010-09-28T13:12:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.147/1997.147_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "529", "height": "893", "filesize": "349280"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.147/1997.147_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2013", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5709981"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.147/1997.147_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3811", "height": "6434", "filesize": "73587052"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159835, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-09-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Literary Gathering"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 20:46:03.613000"}, {"id": 160884, "accession_number": "1999.172", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Lady with an Elaborate Cartouche, 1785. Giuseppe Cades (Italian, 1750\u20131799). Red chalk over graphite (portrait), pen and black ink and watercolor over graphite (surround), circular framing line in graphite; image: 36 x 35.9 cm (14 3/16 x 14 1/8 in.); secondary support: 39.1 x 38.7 cm (15 3/8 x 15 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1999.172", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Lady with an Elaborate Cartouche", "creation_date": "1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Rome"], "technique": "Red chalk over graphite (portrait), pen and black ink and watercolor over graphite (surround), circular framing line in graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream laid paper laid down on cream laid paper (with blue modern laid paper and strip gold leaf added as decorative mount to primary or secondary support)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 36 x 35.9 cm (14 3/16 x 14 1/8 in.); Secondary Support: 39.1 x 38.7 cm (15 3/8 x 15 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.36, "width": 0.359}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.391, "width": 0.387}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "by artist, center, around portrait, in red chalk: cata cssa de [illegible] aets. 3[2?] ad. 1785.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of Old Master Drawings. P.&D. Colnaghi, London (April 29 - May 30 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-05-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Archibald George Blomefield Russell [1879-1955], London, (Lugt 2770a).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "with P. & D. Colnaghi, London, April 29-May 30 1952, cat. no. 43 (as Augustin de St. Aubin).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ray Livingston Murphy, New York, NY (1923-1953)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-1953", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "by inheritance to his mother, Ray Slater Murphy, 1953.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ray Slater Murphy (later Blakeman), New York, NY (1895-1985)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-1985", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(sold, as from Estate of Ray Livingston Murphy, Christie's, London, December 11-13, 1985, no. 183.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private collection.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1985-1998", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, January 28, 1998, cat. no. 60)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Thomas Williams Fine Art, Ltd, London, purchased by The Cleveland Museum of Art, Aug. 1999.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably 1998-1999", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The woman\u2019s hairstyle in this drawing\u2014cut short and frizzed at the front and sides, with loose curls in the back\u2014was called \u00e0 la h\u00e9risson, or \"hedgehog style,\" and was fashionable during the 1780s.", "description": "The woman portrayed in the oval has not yet been identified, but she is made to look highly important by her rendition in profile, like an ancient Renaissance coin, and by the elaborate decoration surrounding the cartouche (the central area containing the portrait). Increasing her distinction, the flying male nudes personify Victory and Fame, while the crown, that of an English viscountess, indicates her nobility. The contrast in technique between the cartouche\u2014composed of pen, ink, and watercolor\u2014and the red-chalk portrait was purposefully emphasized to suggest that the portrait is an older \"icon\" of reverence. Giuseppe Cades was an important history painter and frescoist, known also for his decorative ensembles, whose influence can be detected in the decorative quality of this composition. This drawing combines the contemporary French Rococo style of the red chalk portrait with the antique-based, Italian style of the surrounding decorative figures and forms. A finished work rather than a preparatory study, it would have been made as a souvenir for the English tourist during her stay in Rome on the Grand Tour.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79982833"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.172-portrait-of-a-lady-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "P. & D. Colnaghi & Co. Exhibition of Old Master Drawings. London: P. & D. Colnaghi & Co, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie\u2019s. Important Old Master Drawings: Architectural and Decorative Drawings. London: Christie\u2019s, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82 no. 183; Reproduced: p. 83.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Caracciolo, Maria Teresa. Giuseppe Cades 1750-1799 et la Rome de son temps. Paris: Arthena, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 259 no. 69, pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby\u2019s. Old Master Drawings, including a drawing by Michelangelo Buonarroti, Christ and the Woman of Samaria. New York: Sotheby\u2019s, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74 no. 60; Reproduced: p. 75.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMrs. Paul Wurzburger Donates Major Calder Mobile to Cleveland Museum of Art, Korean Painting, Japanese Ceramic, Italian Drawing and other Works Acquired\u201d September 8, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4281"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 28, pp. 76-77; p. 287", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.172", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.172/1999.172_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "899", "filesize": "446883", "filename": "1999.172_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.172/1999.172_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3397", "filesize": "5565564", "filename": "1999.172_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.172/1999.172_full.tif", "width": "9995", "height": "9985", "filesize": "299431244", "filename": "1999.172_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160884, "creators": [{"id": 36904, "description": "Giuseppe Cades (Italian, 1750\u20131799)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1750", "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-08-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:52.515000"}, {"id": 161781, "accession_number": "2001.120", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Layered Peaks and Splashing Waterfall: Portrait of Hua Yan as a Young Man (\u5c64\u5d17\u98db\u7011\u5716), 1705. Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765), and Wei Shijie (Chinese, 1667\u2013after 1747). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; painting: 130 x 47.2 cm (51 3/16 x 18 9/16 in.); overall: 281 x 95 cm (110 5/8 x 37 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of various donors by exchange, 2001.120", "current_location": null, "title": "Layered Peaks and Splashing Waterfall: Portrait of Hua Yan as a Young Man", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c64\u5d17\u98db\u7011\u5716", "creation_date": "1705", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1705, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 130 x 47.2 cm (51 3/16 x 18 9/16 in.); Overall: 281 x 95 cm (110 5/8 x 37 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.81, "width": 0.95}, "painting": {"height": 1.3, "width": 0.472}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5beb\u7167\u4f59\u975e\u64c5\uff0c\u71df\u5716\u723e\u81ea\u9ad8\u3002/\n\u5076\u7136\u88c1\u5c3a\u5e45\uff0c\u6bcb\u5f85\u8457\u4e09\u8c6a\u3002/\n\u8b77\u5dba\u7b19\u7591\u5fb9\uff0c\u8c50\u8aa0\u528d\u4e14\u97dc\u3002/\n\u61f8\u5d16\u5c0d\u98db\u96ea\uff0c\u5982\u807c\u5ee3\u9675\u6fe4\u3002/\n\n\u58eb\u5091\u70ba\u79cb\u5cb3\u9053\u76df\u4f5c\u5c0f\u5f71\u4e26\u984c\u3002\n[\u5370]\uff1a\u9b4f\u58eb\u5091\uff0c\u5b50\u826f", "inscription_translation": "Poem by Wei Shijie: \n\nI am not so skilled in portraiture;/\nYou are far superior in composing pictures./\nBy chance we had a piece of silk cut to size./\nBut await [a master] with the skill of three strands./ \nShrouding the cliff, the panpipe\u2019s sound seems all-penetrating./ \nWell nourished and sincere, you hide the sword in the shield./\nThe sheer cliffs stand against the flying snow./\nCan we hear the Guanglin tides at all?/\n\nPortrait painted for Qiuyue (Hua Yan) by Shijie.\nSeals: Wei Shijie, Ziliang", "inscription_remark": "In the context of portraiture, \"three strands\" \u4e09\u8c6a likely refers to Gu Kaizhi's \u9867\u6137\u4e4b depicting the likeness of his contemporary Pei Kai \u6590\u6977. By adding three hairs or strands of beard in Pei Kai's cheeks, he was able to accentuate his personal characteristics.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u50d5\u81ea\u68c4\u5b64\uff0c\u4e4d\u8a2d\u5df1\u96a8\u56db\u65b9\u3002\u84ec\u6839\u98c4\u96f6\uff0c\u7adf\u6210\u6d69\u5606\u3002\n\n\u5abf\u7aae\u9014\u65bc\u962e\u7c4d\u3002\u5341\u5e74\u6094\u4e0d\u8b80\u66f8\u3002\u7f9e\u554f\u5b57\u4e4b\u4faf\u82ad\u3002\u5343\u91cc\u4f55\u66fe\u8ca0\u7b08\u3002\u800c\u6cc1\u5321\u5eec\u65e2\u9060\u3002\u7a7a\u61d0\u98db\u96ea\u4e4b\u5d16\u3002\u5ef6\u6d25\u672a\u9065\uff0c\u83ab\u8faf\u5316\u9f8d\u4e4b\u528d\u3002\n\n\u6148\u89aa\u5728\u671b\uff0c\u7a7a\u4e8b\u9060\u6e38\u3002\u675c\u5b87\u70ba\u8072\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u6b78\u53bb\u3002\u55df\u4e4e\uff0c\u534a\u751f\u5c90\u9014\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u4ea1\u7f8a\u3002\u767e\u5c3a\u7aff\u982d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u6b69\u3002\n\n\u5f9e\u524d\u5b5f\u6d6a\uff0c\u5716\u6b64\u7316\u72c2\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Inscription by Hua Yan: \n\nSince I became an orphan, I set about to travel widely. Like an uprooted man, I was aimless. In the end, all I have left is but to heave a deep sigh./ \n\nWhen compared with Ruan Ji [AD 210\u2013263], I am ashamed to have achieved so little: a full decade I lost for not having studied. Faced with Hou Ba\u2019s [1st century AD] inquisitiveness, I felt inadequate: why didn\u2019t I carry any books with me in my long journeys? Mt. Kuanglu, moreover, is far away; even if I could still see the snow flurries around its peaks in my imagination, what\u2019s the use? But Yanjing is by no means distant; still I am unable to discern a sword that can turn into a dragon./\n\nMy kind mother has been longing for me. It\u2019s utterly senseless that I should travel so far. Listen to the call of the cuckoo; more than ever it is time to return. Alas, I trod many wrong paths in my life. I have become a lost sheep! To improve myself seems like climbing a pole of a hundred feet./ \n\nI was uncouth indeed. You may portray me as a wild eccentric!", "inscription_remark": "Hua's reference to being an orphan likely refers to the death of his father.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Top inscription on the painting by Jiang Hongdao \u5c07\u5f18\u9053, dated yiyou, the forty-fourth year of the Kangxi era (1705)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Seven additional colophons on the silk mounting", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 293212, "title": "Greeting the Spring (Chinese art rotation, galleries 240a, 239, 241c)", "description": "Greeting the Spring (Chinese art rotation, galleries 240a, 239, 241c). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 13, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 336424, "title": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 12, 2019-February 2, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hua Pinyu \u83ef\u54c1\u7389 (active 1800s)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1800s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, Important Classical Chinese Paintings, June 1, 1989 sale, lot 30)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 1, 1989", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private Collection of a Min Chiu Society \u654f\u6c42\u7cbe\u820d member, Hong Kong", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989?\u20131999?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Christie's, Hong Kong, Fine Chinese Classical Painting an Calligraphy, April 25, 1999, lot 270)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 25, 1999", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132001", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hua Yan's autobiographical inscription, full of remorse and insecurity, is squeezed into the contour of a hill in the upper left.", "description": "This portrait was jointly executed by Wei Shijie and Hua Yan himself who painted the landscape in the background. Hua Yan is shown here at the age of about 23. The sword at his back is a reference to his early desire for a military career, while the scholar\u2019s robe suggests an opposing aspiration. Together these are signs of a complex personality.
The painting also reveals Hua Yan\u2019s early talent in painting. While Wei Shijie is little known, Hua Yan would later become a well-known painter. In addition to Wei Shijie and Hua Yan, nine of Hua Yan\u2019s contemporary friends left inscriptions on the painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478043"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2001.120-layered-peaks-and-sp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 116, pp. 184-185; Reproduced: no. 116, p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's, New York. Important Classical Chinese Paintings. Thursday, June 1, 1989, at 10:00 A.M.", "page_number": "Lot 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Li dai wen wu cui zhen: Min qiu jing she san shi zhou nian ji nian zhan [\u5386\u4ee3\u6587\u7269\u8403\u73cd: \u654f\u6c42\u7cbe\u820d\u4e09\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5c55 = Selected Treasures of Chinese Art, Min Chiu Society Thirtieth Anniversary Exhibition Catalogue]. Hong Kong: Min qiu jing she, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 47 p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's Hong Kong. Fine classical Chinese paintings and calligraphy. April 25, 1999.", "page_number": "Lot 270", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cWorlds of Wonder.\u201d Kaikodo Journal, XX (Autumn 2001).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 296, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 440-446", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2001.120", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.120/2001.120_web.jpg", "width": "380", "height": "893", "filesize": "240489", "filename": "2001.120_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.120/2001.120_print.jpg", "width": "1447", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3170065", "filename": "2001.120_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.120/2001.120_full.tif", "width": "2880", "height": "6768", "filesize": "58496452", "filename": "2001.120_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "77830"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1861", "filesize": "326894"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1861", "filesize": "338775"}}, {"date_created": "2009-12-09T01:28:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "505990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2806", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6422611"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5664", "height": "6864", "filesize": "116654028"}}, {"date_created": "2009-12-09T01:29:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "414639"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2349", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5382578"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.120/2001.120_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4720", "height": "6832", "filesize": "96762060"}}], "creditline": "Gift of various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161781, "creators": [{"id": 23570, "description": "Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u83ef\u55a6", "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1756", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 41160, "description": "Wei Shijie (Chinese, 1667\u2013after 1747)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9b4f\u58eb\u5091", "birth_year": "1667", "death_year": "1747", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2001-12-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1705", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Hua Yan against Mountain Ranges and Waterfalls", "Layered Peaks and Splashing Waterfall: Portrait of Hua Yan as a Young Man \u5c64\u5d17\u98db\u7011\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:45.620000"}, {"id": 122194, "accession_number": "1942.51", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sleeping Endymion, 1716. Agostino Cornacchini (Italian, 1686\u20131754). Marble; overall: 64.8 x 53.4 x 45.8 cm (25 1/2 x 21 x 18 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey, 1942.51", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Sleeping Endymion", "creation_date": "1716", "creation_date_earliest": 1716, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 64.8 x 53.4 x 45.8 cm (25 1/2 x 21 x 18 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.648, "width": 0.534, "depth": 0.458}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1971: \"Florence and the Arts - Five Centuries of Patronage,\" cat. no. 39, repr.", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection (Rome, Italy), ca. 1920-25 (according to a letter from Roberto Longhi, November 13, 1964);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers, 1867-1943 (New York, New York), by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Cornacchini moved away from the dramatic movement and light effects characteristic of baroque sculpture toward a calmer, gentler, more graceful style favored by 18th-century taste. This sculpture depicts Endymion, a beautiful young shepherd from Greek mythology. His beauty so entranced Selene, the personification of the moon, that she asked Zeus to grant Endymion immortality. Zeus did so, but only after placing Endymion in an eternal sleep.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018443"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.51-sleeping-endymion"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n140"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n140"}, {"citation": "Di Macco, Michela, Giuseppe Dardanello, and Chiara Gauna. Sfida al Barocco: 1680-1750 : Roma, Torino, Parigi. Genova: Sagep editori, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 25-26, fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.51", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.51/1942.51_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "265525", "filename": "1942.51_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.51/1942.51_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3497761", "filename": "1942.51_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.51/1942.51_full.tif", "width": "4176", "height": "5404", "filesize": "67735256", "filename": "1942.51_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-09-08T18:52:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.51/1942.51_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "265552"}, "print": {"url": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.51/1942.51_alt7_full.tif", "width": "5068", "height": "3916", "filesize": "59571212"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-09T14:40:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.51/1942.51_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "292074"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.51/1942.51_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3688121"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.51/1942.51_alt8_full.tif", "width": "4655", "height": "6024", "filesize": "84158128"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122194, "creators": [{"id": 19411, "description": "Agostino Cornacchini (Italian, 1686\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1716, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1716", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:23.924000"}, {"id": 122521, "accession_number": "1942.783", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Young Woman and Child at Play, 1780s. Follower of Clodion (French, 1738\u20131814). Terracotta; overall: 30.8 x 29.1 x 22.4 cm (12 1/8 x 11 7/16 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.783", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Young Woman and Child at Play", "creation_date": "1780s", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 30.8 x 29.1 x 22.4 cm (12 1/8 x 11 7/16 x 8 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.308, "width": 0.291, "depth": 0.224}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed: Clodion.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul Meurice (1818-1905), Paris, France, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Estate of Paul Meurice, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1905-1906", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale: H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, France, May 25, 1906, lot 30)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 25, 1906", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alphonse de Jonge, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "French and Co., New York, New York, sold to John L. Severance.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "John L. Severance (1863-1936), upon his death, held in trust by the estate.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1942", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The French sculptor Claude Michel, called Clodion (1738\u20131814), constructed much of his work in terracotta. After firing, the unglazed color of the clay can vary widely, so each of Clodion's works in this medium has a slightly different hue, in this case a smooth reddish gray. Clodion depicts a mother nursing her newborn with painstaking attention to detail, from the tendrils of hair that cascade gracefully down to the mother's shoulders to the brilliant bouquet at the pair's feet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762773"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.783-young-woman-and-chil"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [30], Plate XIV, cat. no. 27; Mention: p. 32, cat. no. 27", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n36"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cBequest of John L. Severance, 1936.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 9 (1942).", "page_number": "pp. 140, 151", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141015"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. 1986.", "page_number": "pp. 204-07, fig. 26a", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.783", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.783/1942.783_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "893", "filesize": "369257", "filename": "1942.783_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.783/1942.783_print.jpg", "width": "2956", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5573987", "filename": "1942.783_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.783/1942.783_full.tif", "width": "3902", "height": "4488", "filesize": "52581868", "filename": "1942.783_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-07T15:42:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "851", "height": "893", "filesize": "408232"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3241", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6288433"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4422", "height": "4639", "filesize": "61590060"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-07T16:05:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "787", "height": "893", "filesize": "356246"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2995", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5127714"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4043", "height": "4590", "filesize": "55720400"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-07T16:28:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "361846"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2960", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5760782"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.783/1942.783_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4140", "height": "4755", "filesize": "59108512"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122521, "creators": [{"id": 8537, "description": "Clodion (French, 1738\u20131814)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "follower of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1814", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1780s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Maiden and Infant at Play", "Satyress Playing with a Baby Satyr"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:23.496000"}, {"id": 125949, "accession_number": "1948.181.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Music and Dance, 1740s. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 77.5 x 131.5 x 6 cm (30 1/2 x 51 3/4 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 69 x 123 cm (27 3/16 x 48 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.181.1", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Music and Dance", "creation_date": "1740s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1749, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 77.5 x 131.5 x 6 cm (30 1/2 x 51 3/4 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 69 x 123 cm (27 3/16 x 48 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.775, "width": 1.315, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.69, "width": 1.23}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"f Boucher\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 205940, "title": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour", "description": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Tours, Tours, France (October 11, 2008-January 12, 2009); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (February 7-May 17, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "French Painting of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (December 2-20, 1926).", "opening_date": "2020-12-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "French Art of the Eighteenth Century, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford CT (January 23-February 6, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. Carpenter Gamier, Rookesbury Park, Fareham, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's, London, England, July 13, 1895)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 13, 1895", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "A. Werthemeyer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1895-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Gustav Neufeld von Schoeller (?), Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Duveen Brothers, New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont, Cap d'Antibes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1948", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1948.181"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Along with Cupids in Conspiracy (1948.181.2), this work is surely part of a series of over-door paintings that would have been installed in a house. However, where the panels were originally installed or who commissioned them remains unknown. They exemplify the fusion of fine arts and decorative arts that was common in elite interior design in 18th-century France. Even though the paintings were part of the wall decoration of the room, the patrons chose Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, a well-known painter of portraits and genre scenes, as well as mythological and religious subjects, to execute them. These two paintings reflect a style that was popular both at court and among other wealthy patrons through much of the eighteenth century: light, charming, pastoral scenes that mix classical elements with pure fantasy. Both of them feature putti, chubby baby characters that add a touch of humor to the images.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515563"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hunter-Stiebel, Penelope, Philippe Le Leyzour, Olivier Baumont, Noe\u0301mi Rime, Vincent Lievre-Picard, Olivier Baumont, Franc\u0327ois Bazola, Destouches, and Philibert Cardonne. La Volupte\u0301 Du Gou\u0302t: French Painting in the Age of Madame De Pompadour. Paris: Somogy, 2008.", "page_number": "cat. no. 2, p. 102-103", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, December 2 to 20, 1926. [Detroit]: [Institute of Arts], 1926.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 22A, p. 51 - 53", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.181.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181.1/1948.181.1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "704", "filesize": "626911", "filename": "1948.181.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181.1/1948.181.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1896", "filesize": "4381151", "filename": "1948.181.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.181.1/1948.181.1_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "3680", "filesize": "72896176", "filename": "1948.181.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125949, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1740s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1948.181", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:50.023000"}, {"id": 103821, "accession_number": "1921.912", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of \u00c9tienne Fran\u00e7ois, comte de Stainville, duc de Choiseul, mid to late 1700s. Jacques Thouron (Swiss, 1740\u20131789). Enamel in a gilt metal and enamel frame; diameter: 6.4 cm (2 1/2 in.); diameter of frame: 8.4 cm (3 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1921.912", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of \u00c9tienne Fran\u00e7ois, comte de Stainville, duc de Choiseul", "creation_date": "mid to late 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Switzerland"], "technique": "enamel in a gilt metal and enamel frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Diameter: 6.4 cm (2 1/2 in.); Diameter of frame: 8.4 cm (3 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.064}, "diameter of frame": {"width": 0.084}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed right: Thouron", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012. Verso on display.", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Main European Rotation (Gallery 202), July 23, 2013 - May 20, 2014.", "opening_date": "2013-07-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Unlike fragile portrait miniatures painted in watercolor on vellum or ivory, which are prone to cracking, fading, and flaking, enamels are resilient, impervious to the effects of light, and retain their striking original colors over time. Partly for this reason enamel was considered ideal for reproducing famous paintings and treasured portraits in a reduced and luminous form. The complicated and labor-intensive process of enameling required the artist to fire numerous layers of colored metal oxide at different temperatures. This process made it difficult to produce a faithful portrait likeness, though masters of the medium like Jacques Thouron were able create portraits of remarkable subtlety imbued with the sitter's personality.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79509078"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.912-portrait-of-etienne"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 138-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136519"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.912", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.912/1921.912_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "155143", "filename": "1921.912_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.912/1921.912_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1931571", "filename": "1921.912_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.912/1921.912_full.tif", "width": "10214", "height": "10214", "filesize": "313005616", "filename": "1921.912_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-09-25T18:08:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "817", "height": "893", "filesize": "553603"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3112", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6978753"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4518", "height": "4936", "filesize": "66938232"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-26T19:41:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "800", "height": "893", "filesize": "467575"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3047", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5854774"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3420", "height": "3816", "filesize": "39193524"}}, {"date_created": "2025-07-24T15:57:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "152401"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1912260"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.912/1921.912_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10214", "height": "10214", "filesize": "313005212"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 103821, "creators": [{"id": 2576, "description": "Jacques Thouron (Swiss, 1740\u20131789)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1740", "death_year": "1789", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid to late 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of \u00c9tienne Fran\u00e7ois, comte de Stainville, duc de Choiseul"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:34.522000"}, {"id": 132016, "accession_number": "1954.583", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Landscape after Ni Zan (\u4eff\u502a\u74da\u8a2d\u8272\u5c71\u6c34\u5716), 1707. Wang Yuanqi (Chinese, 1642\u20131715). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; painting: 80.6 x 43.8 cm (31 3/4 x 17 1/4 in.); overall with knobs: 217.7 x 68.5 cm (85 11/16 x 26 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.583", "current_location": null, "title": "Landscape after Ni Zan", "title_in_original_language": "\u4eff\u502a\u74da\u8a2d\u8272\u5c71\u6c34\u5716", "creation_date": "1707", "creation_date_earliest": 1707, "creation_date_latest": 1707, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 80.6 x 43.8 cm (31 3/4 x 17 1/4 in.); Overall with knobs: 217.7 x 68.5 cm (85 11/16 x 26 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.806, "width": 0.438}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.177, "width": 0.685}, "overall": {"height": 2.177, "width": 0.589}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[\u5370]\u7a40\u8a52\u5802\u3002\n\u4e01\u4ea5\u6e05\u548c\u6248\u5f9e\u6b78\u821f\u5beb\u8a2d\u8272\u96f2\u6797", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription and seal: \n\n[seal] Gi yi tang. \n[Inscription 1] On a day of mild weather, in the year of dinghai [1707], [I painted this]\u2014a Ni Zan in color\u2014after having been in the imperial entourage and returned to the boat in the aftermath.", "inscription_remark": "The Kangxi Emperor made his sixth Southern Inspection tour from the twenty-second day of the first month through the twenty-second day of the fifth month in 1707, the dinghai year. Wang Yuanqi was apparently in attendance on the tour.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "\u4f59\u5e74\u4f86\u4e00\u53cb\u530f\u7cfb\uff0c\u7c2a\u7b46\u9e7f\u9e7f\u3002\u5919\u591c\u5728\u516c\u3002\u5bb6\u7121\u7511\u77f3\uff0c\u65e5\u5728\u6101\u57ce\u82e6\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u7121\u4ee5\u89e3\u6182\u3002\u60df\u5f04\u67d4\u7ff0\u51fa\u5165\u5b8b\u5143\u8af8\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u5c0d\u53e4\u4eba\u3002\u96d6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8096\u5176\u5f62\u795e\uff0c\u5eb6\u5e7e\u4e00\u9047\uff0c\u4ea6\u5bd3\u610f\u5bec\u5fc3\u4e4b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u3002\u9e93\u81fa\u3002[\u5370]\u539f\u7941\u4e4b\u5370; \u9e93\u81fa\n\n [\u5370, \u53f3\u4e0b]\u897f\u5eec\u5f8c\u4eba", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 3 seals: \n\n[Inscription 2] During the year, I have been living like a hanging gourd\u2014alone and without friends. I stuck my brush in my hair and was much like a common man. I have been spending day and night in the office, seldom dining at home. Day by day, I spent my life in the city of melancholy and the ocean of bitterness. There were few ways to relieve my frustrations except to resort to my brush so that I could move in and out amid the Song and Yuan masters as if virtually coming face to face with these men of yore. Even though I could not achieve a perfect resemblance in form and spirit, this comes as close to an encounter while also affording me a means to record my thoughts and to relax my mind. Lutai. [2 seals] Yuanqi zhi yin; Lutai.\n\n[seal at the lower right corner] Xi lu hou ren.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "1 additional seal of Pang Yuanji \u9f90\u5143\u6fdf (1864\u20131949) at the lower left corner.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300427, "title": "Chinese Landscape Painting", "description": "Chinese Landscape Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519277, "title": "Chinese Art", "description": "Chinese Art. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (January 8-26, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 3, 1982-February 28, 1983).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 539332, "title": "Six Dynasties of Chinese Painting (Chinese art rotation)", "description": "Six Dynasties of Chinese Painting (Chinese art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2023-May 5, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-11-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chinese Landscape Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Chinese Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 14-November 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-08-14T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13-November 17, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-07-13T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Pang Yuanji \u9f90\u5143\u6fdf [1864\u20131949]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1909\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131954", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Wang Yuanqi, an official in Emperor Kangxi\u2019s (reigned 1662\u20131722) court, grew up in an artistic family. Like other mainstream painters of the Orthodox School, he followed a canon of earlier styles and artists endorsed by Ming calligrapher Dong Qichang (1555\u20131636).
Here, Wang drew inspiration from Ni Zan (1301\u20131374), a Yuan dynasty painter known for his simple compositions and spare use of ink. Master Ni seldom used color, but Wang added green and ochre washes to the trees, cottages, and hills in this landscape. Painting was a way for Wang to relieve the pressures of his official duties.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516498"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.583-landscape-in-the-col", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.583-landscape-in-color-a", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.583-landscape-after-ni-z"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pang, Yuanji \u9f90\u5143\u6fdf. Xu zhai ming hua lu (16 juan) [\u865b\u9f4b\u540d\u756b\u9304 (16\u5377) = Catalogue of paintings in the collection of the author]. Shanghai: Xuantong ji you, 1909.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. IX, Wang Yuan-ch'i 15(b)-15(a), pp. 42(b)-43(a)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pang, Yuanji \u9f90\u5143\u6fdf and Binglu\u0308 Pang \u9f90\u6c37\u5c65. Ming bi ji sheng [\u540d\u7b46\u96c6\u52dd = Illustrated catalogue of Chinese paintings in the author's collection]. Shanghai: Mo yuan tang, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: I, pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Chinese Landscape Painting. 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154, cat. 86; Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 441", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 878", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chinese Art: An Exhibition of Paintings, Jades, Bronzes and Ceramics: Being a Contribution Made by Smith College Museum of Art to the College Interim Session, 1962. Northampton, MA: [The Museum], 1962.", "page_number": "cat. no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Chinese Landscape Painting. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 100, color pl. VI, no. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 444, fig. 588", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael. Chinese and Japanese Art. New York: Grolier, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 91, color pl. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n293"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n293"}, {"citation": "Kuo, Chi-sheng. \"Wang Yuan-ch'i te shan-shui hua i-shu\" [The landscape style of Wang Yuan-ch'i}. National Palace Museum Quarterly \u6545\u5bae\u5b63\u520a, VIII, no. 4, pp. 17-52; English summary, pp. 7-10.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 29, pls. 21, 21-A, 21-B", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 358", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378"}, {"citation": "Hironobu Kohara \u53e4\u539f\u5b8f\u4f38, Tamaki Ogawa \u5c0f\u5ddd\u74b0\u6a39, and Roderick Whitfield. Un Juhei, O\u0304 Ki \u60f2\u58fd\u5e73 \u738b\u7fec. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304 Ko\u0304ronsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 187, pl. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 251, pp. 339-340", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 419-424", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.583", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.583/1954.583_web.jpg", "width": "500", "height": "893", "filesize": "352090", "filename": "1954.583_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.583/1954.583_print.jpg", "width": "1905", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5185657", "filename": "1954.583_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.583/1954.583_full.tif", "width": "3674", "height": "6555", "filesize": "72277744", "filename": "1954.583_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-04-02T20:17:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "507", "height": "893", "filesize": "334958"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1930", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3977758"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2838", "height": "5000", "filesize": "42585976"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "507", "height": "893", "filesize": "318335"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1930", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3683018"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2838", "height": "5000", "filesize": "42590180"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-07T12:22:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "277", "height": "893", "filesize": "167352"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1055", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2621345"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.583/1954.583_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1986", "height": "6395", "filesize": "38127228"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132016, "creators": [{"id": 23295, "description": "Wang Yuanqi (Chinese, 1642\u20131715)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u738b\u539f\u7941", "birth_year": "1642", "death_year": "1715", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-08-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1707, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1707", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape in the Color Style of Ni Tsan", "Landscape in the Color Style of Ni Zan \u4eff\u502a\u74da\u8a2d\u8272\u5c71\u6c34\u5716", "Landscape After Ni Tsan", "Landscape in the Color Style of Ni Zan", "Landscape in Color after Ni Zan"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:58.922000"}, {"id": 136533, "accession_number": "1961.10.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of the Dancer (La Danseuse), 1748\u201352. Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356), Pierre Blondeau (French), after a design by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit porcelain); overall: 21.6 x 14 x 8 cm (8 1/2 x 5 1/2 x 3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1961.10.1", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure of the Dancer (La Danseuse)", "creation_date": "1748\u201352", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1752, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit porcelain)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 21.6 x 14 x 8 cm (8 1/2 x 5 1/2 x 3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.216, "width": 0.14, "depth": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["61.10"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Although a few Vincennes porcelain figures exist which are glazed, the royal factory adopted at an early date the practice of producing unglazed, biscuit figures which, because of the purity of their material, resemble marble figurines. The fashion for biscuit figures first introduced at Vincennes quickly spread through Europe.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762012"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.10.1-figure-of-the-dancer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chavagnac, Xavier Roger Marie, and Gaston Antoine Grollier. Histoire des manufactures franc\u0327aises de porcelaine. Paris: A. Picard et fils, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 268", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gu\u00e9rinet, Armand, ed. Les Biscuits de la manufacture nationale de Sevres, XVIIIe siecle & XIXe siecle. Paris: A. Guerinet, 1910.", "page_number": "pl. 43, 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile, and Georges Lechevallier-Chevignard. Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres: recueil des mode\u0300les de la manufacture de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: P. Lafitte, 1913.", "page_number": "no. 173, pl. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Les oeuvres de la Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. Vol. 1, La Sculpture de 1738 \u00e0 1815. Se\u0300vres: Manufacture nationale, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 3, no. 192", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zick, Gisela. \"D'Apr\u00e8s Boucher. Die Vall\u00e9e de Montmorency und die europ\u00e4ische Porzellanplastik.\" Keramos 29 (July 1965).", "page_number": "p. 5, fig. 1a, b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dauterman, Carl Christian. The Wrightsman Collection. Vol 4, Porcelain. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 283, no. 115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pre\u0301aud, Tamara. Porcelaines de Vincennes: les origines de Se\u0300vres. Paris: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 159, 171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brunet, Marcelle, and Tamara Pre\u0301aud. Se\u0300vres: des origines a\u0300 nos jours. Fribourg: Office du livre, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 227, no. 306", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guillem\u00e9-Brulon, Doroth\u00e9e. \"Le Premier surtout de table en Biscuit de S\u00e8vres.\" L'Estampille 173 (September 1984).", "page_number": "p. 42-45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kingery, W. D., and Pamela B. Vandiver. \"A Boucher Soft-Paste Unglazed Bisque Sculpture - La Danseuse.\" Ceramic Masterpieces: Art, Structure, and Technology. New York: Free Press, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 179-194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pre\u0301aud, Tamara, and Antoine d' Albis. La porcelaine de Vincennes. Paris: A. Biro, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 174, no. 178", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Versailles et les tables royales en Europe: XVIIe\u0300me-XIXe\u0300me sie\u0300cles. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 285-86", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Madame de Pompadour et les arts. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 485-87", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.10.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_web.jpg", "width": "798", "height": "893", "filesize": "273946", "filename": "1961.10.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_print.jpg", "width": "3040", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3941576", "filename": "1961.10.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_full.tif", "width": "3247", "height": "3632", "filesize": "35411104", "filename": "1961.10.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-14T14:50:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "251985"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2741", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3648460"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2963", "height": "3676", "filesize": "32707408"}}, {"date_created": "2007-06-14T15:20:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "645", "height": "893", "filesize": "219381"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2454", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3246187"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2595", "height": "3595", "filesize": "28017840"}}, {"date_created": "2007-06-14T15:28:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "265312"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2814", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3701770"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.10.1/1961.10.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2980", "height": "3600", "filesize": "32215808"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136533, "creators": [{"id": 11807, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "The French National Manufacture of soft-paste porcelain was established at Vincennes in 1738 before it moved in 1756.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 57115, "description": "Pierre Blondeau (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "modeled by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. 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Cotton or linen (est.); straight (continuous) bobbin lace (Vologda tape lace). The tape forms figural or plants motifs outlined with gimp (heavy cord) with a polychrome plaited ground linking the tape; applied silk (est.) ribbon and metal thread trim; overall: 45.7 x 42.9 cm (18 x 16 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1931.110", "current_location": null, "title": "Towel End", "creation_date": "c 1700s- 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century"], "technique": "cotton or linen (est.); straight (continuous) bobbin lace (Vologda tape lace). The tape forms figural or plants motifs outlined with gimp (heavy cord) with a polychrome plaited ground linking the tape; applied silk (est.) ribbon and metal thread trim", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 45.7 x 42.9 cm (18 x 16 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.457, "width": 0.429}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 455454, "title": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries", "description": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries. Roberson Center for the Arts, Binghamton, NY (February 10-April 19, 1987); Beck Center for the Arts, Lakewood, OH (September 11-October 25, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Natalia Leonidovna Shabelsky, Moscow, Russia (1841-1904/5), by inheritance to her daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1904/5", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Princess Alexandre Sidamon-Eristoff and Mlle. N. de Chabelskoy, sold through B.M. Pushkin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904/5-1931", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Count B. M. Pushkin sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Embellishing the ends of everyday towels was a common folk tradition in many cultures because it displayed the skill of the mother or daughter who made this lace.", "description": "This Russian lace panel was likely used to embellish the end of a bathing towel. Textiles of this type are valuable for their fine lace making including ancient folk motifs, ritual significance, exemplification of the role of textiles in their society, and in this case, connection to a prominent woman collector, Natalia de Shabelsky, without whom this textile and others like it might have been lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80005023"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.110-towel-end"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pushkin, B. M, B. M Pushkin, N. de Shabelsky, and N. de Shabelsky. Exhibition of National Russian Art, 17th, 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Peasant Embroideries, Costumes, Headdresses, Hand-Woven Materials, Laces, Ikons, Articles of Silver, Copper, Etc.: Shown by Count and Countess B.m.-Pushkin. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified, 1900.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valance, Aymer. \"Russian Peasant Industries.\" The studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art. London: Offices of the Studio, 1893-1964. volume 37, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 241-248", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sidamon-Eristoff, V. P., Princess. Sobrani\u0304e russkoi\u0306 stariny Kn. V.P. Sidamon-E\u0307ristovoi\u0306 i N.P. Shabel\u02b9skoi\u0306: vypusk I-i\u0306, vyshivki i kruzheva = Antiquite\u0301s russes, collection princesse Sidamon-Eristoff et Mlle. N. de Schabelskoi. Moskva, 1910.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, and Studio. Peasant Art in Russia. The Studio, 1912. Special No. London: \"The Studio\", 1912.", "page_number": "p. 3-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gostelow, Mary. Embroidery of All Russia. New York: Scribner, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwoeffermann, Catherine, Peter Klosky, and Merrill Oliver. Goddesses and Their Offspring: 19th and 20th Century Eastern European Embroideries. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts & Sciences, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Efimova, L. V., R. M. Belogorskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Santina M. Levey. Russian Embroidery and Lace. Translated by A. I. Il\u02b9f. 1st English-language ed. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. \"Embroidery for the Goddess.\" Threads Magazine 11 (June/July 1987).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. Goddess Embroideries of Eastern Europe. Winona, MN: Northland Press of Winona, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Bridget M. Russian Lace Making. London: Batsford, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grusman, V. M., Elena Madlevskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Karina Solov\u02b9eva. Collection Chabelskaya: une Russie fin de sie\u0300cle: portrait de femmes en costume traditionnel. 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lovings-Gomez, Lauren. \u201cThe Lost Narrative of Natalia Shabelsky\u2019s Collection of Russian Textiles.\u201d In Hidden Stories/Human Lives: Proceedings of the Textile Society of America 17th Biennial Symposium, October 15-17, 2020. UNL Commons. Accessed 10/20/2021 from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0117", "page_number": "", "url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.110/1931.110_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "865", "filesize": "458197", "filename": "1931.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.110/1931.110_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3267", "filesize": "6105694", "filename": "1931.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.110/1931.110_full.tif", "width": "6195", "height": "5952", "filesize": "110652700", "filename": "1931.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112485, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c 1700s- 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:18.961000"}, {"id": 112512, "accession_number": "1931.132", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Towel End, c 1700s- 1800s. Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century. Plain weave linen (est.) with polychrome wool (est.) and metal thread chain stitch embroidery; applied silk (est.) ribbon and metal thread trim; overall: 38 x 43 cm (14 15/16 x 16 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1931.132", "current_location": null, "title": "Towel End", "creation_date": "c 1700s- 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century"], "technique": "plain weave linen (est.) with polychrome wool (est.) and metal thread chain stitch embroidery; applied silk (est.) ribbon and metal thread trim", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 38 x 43 cm (14 15/16 x 16 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.38, "width": 0.43}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 455454, "title": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries", "description": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries. Roberson Center for the Arts, Binghamton, NY (February 10-April 19, 1987); Beck Center for the Arts, Lakewood, OH (September 11-October 25, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Natalia Leonidovna Shabelsky, Moscow, Russia (1841-1904/5), by inheritance to her daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1904/5", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Princess Alexandre Sidamon-Eristoff and Mlle. N. de Chabelskoy, sold through B.M. Pushkin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904/5-1931", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Count B. M. Pushkin sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Embroidering the ends of everyday towels was a common folk tradition in many cultures because it displayed the skill of the mother or daughter who stitched them.", "description": "This Russian embroidered panel was likely used to embellish the end of a bathing towel. Textiles of this type are valuable for their fine embroidery of ancient folk motifs, ritual significance, exemplification of the role of textiles in their society, and in this case, connection to a prominent woman collector, Natalia de Shabelsky, without whom this textile and others like it might have been lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877701"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.132-towel-end"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pushkin, B. M, B. M Pushkin, N. de Shabelsky, and N. de Shabelsky. Exhibition of National Russian Art, 17th, 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Peasant Embroideries, Costumes, Headdresses, Hand-Woven Materials, Laces, Ikons, Articles of Silver, Copper, Etc.: Shown by Count and Countess B.m.-Pushkin. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified, 1900.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valance, Aymer. \"Russian Peasant Industries.\" The studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art. London: Offices of the Studio, 1893-1964. volume 37, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 241-248", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sidamon-Eristoff, V. P., Princess. Sobrani\u0304e russkoi\u0306 stariny Kn. V.P. Sidamon-E\u0307ristovoi\u0306 i N.P. Shabel\u02b9skoi\u0306: vypusk I-i\u0306, vyshivki i kruzheva = Antiquite\u0301s russes, collection princesse Sidamon-Eristoff et Mlle. N. de Schabelskoi. Moskva, 1910.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, and Studio. Peasant Art in Russia. The Studio, 1912. Special No. London: \"The Studio\", 1912.", "page_number": "p. 3-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gostelow, Mary. Embroidery of All Russia. New York: Scribner, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwoeffermann, Catherine, Peter Klosky, and Merrill Oliver. Goddesses and Their Offspring: 19th and 20th Century Eastern European Embroideries. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts & Sciences, 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Efimova, L. V., R. M. Belogorskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Santina M. Levey. Russian Embroidery and Lace. Translated by A. I. Il\u02b9f. 1st English-language ed. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. \"Embroidery for the Goddess.\" Threads Magazine 11 (June/July 1987).", "page_number": "p. 26-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. Goddess Embroideries of Eastern Europe. Winona, MN: Northland Press of Winona, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Bridget M. Russian Lace Making. London: Batsford, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grusman, V. M., Elena Madlevskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Karina Solov\u02b9eva. Collection Chabelskaya: une Russie fin de sie\u0300cle: portrait de femmes en costume traditionnel. 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lovings-Gomez, Lauren. \u201cThe Lost Narrative of Natalia Shabelsky\u2019s Collection of Russian Textiles.\u201d In Hidden Stories/Human Lives: Proceedings of the Textile Society of America 17th Biennial Symposium, October 15-17, 2020. UNL Commons. Accessed 10/20/2021 from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0117", "page_number": "", "url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.132", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.132/1931.132_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "793", "filesize": "388600", "filename": "1931.132_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.132/1931.132_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2996", "filesize": "5713742", "filename": "1931.132_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.132/1931.132_full.tif", "width": "6432", "height": "5668", "filesize": "109407608", "filename": "1931.132_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Kathleen Van Meter, 1931.72", "current_location": null, "title": "Panel", "creation_date": "c. 1780\u20131840", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1845, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Tambov province"], "technique": "Linen: plain weave; silk; embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 14.6 x 46 cm (5 3/4 x 18 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.146, "width": 0.46}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 455454, "title": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries", "description": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries. 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Textiles of this type are valuable for their fine embroidery of ancient folk motifs, ritual significance, exemplification of the role of textiles in their society, and in this case, connection to a prominent woman collector, Natalia de Shabelsky, without whom this textile and others like it might have been lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.72-panel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pushkin, B. M, B. M Pushkin, N. de Shabelsky, and N. de Shabelsky. Exhibition of National Russian Art, 17th, 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Peasant Embroideries, Costumes, Headdresses, Hand-Woven Materials, Laces, Ikons, Articles of Silver, Copper, Etc.: Shown by Count and Countess B.m.-Pushkin. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified, 1900.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valance, Aymer. \"Russian Peasant Industries.\" The studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art. London: Offices of the Studio, 1893-1964. volume 37, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 241-248", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sidamon-Eristoff, V. P., Princess. Sobrani\u0304e russkoi\u0306 stariny Kn. V.P. Sidamon-E\u0307ristovoi\u0306 i N.P. Shabel\u02b9skoi\u0306: vypusk I-i\u0306, vyshivki i kruzheva = Antiquite\u0301s russes, collection princesse Sidamon-Eristoff et Mlle. N. de Schabelskoi. Moskva, 1910.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, and Studio. Peasant Art in Russia. The Studio, 1912. Special No. London: \"The Studio\", 1912.", "page_number": "p. 3-11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gostelow, Mary. Embroidery of All Russia. New York: Scribner, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwoeffermann, Catherine, Peter Klosky, and Merrill Oliver. Goddesses and Their Offspring: 19th and 20th Century Eastern European Embroideries. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts & Sciences, 1986.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Efimova, L. 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Russia, Tambov province. Linen: plain weave; silk: embroidery; overall: 10.5 x 16.2 cm (4 1/8 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Charla Coatoam, 1931.75", "current_location": null, "title": "Panel for a Headdress", "creation_date": "1700\u20131900", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Tambov province"], "technique": "Linen: plain weave; silk: embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 10.5 x 16.2 cm (4 1/8 x 6 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.105, "width": 0.162}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 455454, "title": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries", "description": "Goddesses and their Offspring: 19th and 20th century Eastern European Embroideries. 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Pushkin, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH. deaccessioned and sold to Charla Coatoam", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-2006", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Charla Coatoam, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2006-2020", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Embroidery was a common tradition in many cultures because it displayed the skill of the mother or daughter who stitched the embroidery.", "description": "This Russian embroidered panel was used to embellish a headdress. Textiles of this type are valuable for their embroidery depicting ancient folk motifs, ritual significance, exemplification of the role of textiles in Russian society, and connection to a prominent woman collector, Natalia de Shabelsky, without whom this textile and others like it might have been lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106937002"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.75-panel-for-a-headdres"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pushkin, B. M, B. M Pushkin, N. de Shabelsky, and N. de Shabelsky. Exhibition of National Russian Art, 17th, 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Peasant Embroideries, Costumes, Headdresses, Hand-Woven Materials, Laces, Ikons, Articles of Silver, Copper, Etc.: Shown by Count and Countess B.m.-Pushkin. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified, 1900.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valance, Aymer. \"Russian Peasant Industries.\" The studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art. London: Offices of the Studio, 1893-1964. volume 37, 1906.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sidamon-Eristoff, V. P., Princess. Sobrani\u0304e russkoi\u0306 stariny Kn. V.P. Sidamon-E\u0307ristovoi\u0306 i N.P. Shabel\u02b9skoi\u0306: vypusk I-i\u0306, vyshivki i kruzheva = Antiquite\u0301s russes, collection princesse Sidamon-Eristoff et Mlle. N. de Schabelskoi. Moskva, 1910.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, and Studio. Peasant Art in Russia. The Studio, 1912. Special No. London: \"The Studio\", 1912.", "page_number": "p. 3-11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gostelow, Mary. Embroidery of All Russia. New York: Scribner, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwoeffermann, Catherine, Peter Klosky, and Merrill Oliver. Goddesses and Their Offspring: 19th and 20th Century Eastern European Embroideries. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts & Sciences, 1986.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Efimova, L. V., R. M. Belogorskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Santina M. Levey. Russian Embroidery and Lace. Translated by A. I. Il\u02b9f. 1st English-language ed. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. \"Embroidery for the Goddess.\" Threads Magazine 11 (June/July 1987).", "page_number": "p. 26-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. Goddess Embroideries of Eastern Europe. Winona, MN: Northland Press of Winona, 1989.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cook, Bridget M. Russian Lace Making. London: Batsford, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grusman, V. M., Elena Madlevskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Karina Solov\u02b9eva. Collection Chabelskaya: une Russie fin de sie\u0300cle: portrait de femmes en costume traditionnel. 2010.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lovings-Gomez, Lauren. \u201cThe Lost Narrative of Natalia Shabelsky\u2019s Collection of Russian Textiles.\u201d In Hidden Stories/Human Lives: Proceedings of the Textile Society of America 17th Biennial Symposium, October 15-17, 2020. UNL Commons. 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Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775). Lindenwood; overall: 95.3 x 65.4 x 31.8 cm (37 1/2 x 25 3/4 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1973.101", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Male Figure", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Munich, 18th century"], "technique": "lindenwood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 95.3 x 65.4 x 31.8 cm (37 1/2 x 25 3/4 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.953, "width": 0.654, "depth": 0.318}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "Year in Review: 1973. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Munich collection, c. 1890", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Stanford White (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Robert W. White (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Michael Hall Fine Art, (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1973.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This sensuously carved figure probably functioned as a term, an architectural element that incorporates a head and torso atop a tapering pillar typically used as a decorative support, for example on either side of a doorway. The sculpture was likely originally gilded, which would have enhanced appreciation of the torso\u2019s beautifully articulated musculature.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779939"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.101-male-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Maser, Edward A. \"18th Century in Europe and the United States.\" In Encyclopedia of World Art, vol. XVI, Bernard S.Myers, ed., 211-238. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 217; reproduced: pl. 243", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 2 (1974): 31-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 6, p. 73; Reproduced p. 45", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Woeckel, Gerhard P. Ignaz Gu\u0308nther: die Handzeichnungen des kurfu\u0308rstlich bayerischen Hofbildhauers Franz Ignaz Gu\u0308nther (1725-1775). Weissenhorn, Germany: A. Konrad, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 342-345; Reproduced: fig. 274,275,277", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Gabriel P. Weisberg, and H. W. Janson. Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n186"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Dissertation. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University,1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 356-360; fig. 45a", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.101", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.101/1973.101_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "241778", "filename": "1973.101_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.101/1973.101_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4216460", "filename": "1973.101_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.101/1973.101_full.tif", "width": "4437", "height": "6379", "filesize": "84940440", "filename": "1973.101_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-03-03T19:40:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "893", "filesize": "222538"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2403", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4285591"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4530", "height": "6407", "filesize": "87099524"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-03T20:17:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "642", "height": "893", "filesize": "241296"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2445", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4235782"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4797", "height": "6668", "filesize": "95986780"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-03T19:18:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "785", "height": "893", "filesize": "411362"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2989", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5807119"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4555", "height": "5181", "filesize": "70828652"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-04T15:06:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "683930"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "5459752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99889300"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-04T14:11:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "660", "height": "893", "filesize": "282981"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2512", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4794018"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1973.101/1973.101_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4578", "height": "6196", "filesize": "85123568"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 147106, "creators": [{"id": 12250, "description": "Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1775", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-08-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:11.601000"}, {"id": 136802, "accession_number": "1961.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "God the Father, c. 1760. Johann Peter Schwanthaler (Austrian, 1720\u20131795). Painted and gilded wood; overall: 141.6 x 104.2 x 35.6 cm (55 3/4 x 41 x 14 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1961.30", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "God the Father", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria, Lambach, 18th century"], "technique": "painted and gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 141.6 x 104.2 x 35.6 cm (55 3/4 x 41 x 14 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.416, "width": 1.042, "depth": 0.356}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "said to have come from the vicinity of Lambach, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Dr. Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Johann Peter Schwanthaler belonged to a renowned family of sculptors that produced works for religious and domestic settings throughout Bavaria, Austria, and southern Germany for more than 250 years. This imposing image of God the Father would have formed part of a larger group, probably at the top of an altar. The figure displays the characteristic features of Schwanthaler\u2019s style, such as the elongated figural proportions, sharp-edged drapery folds, and the beautifully expressive, anatomically detailed hands.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759625"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.30-god-the-father"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1961.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 48, no. 9 (1961): 219-51.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 6, p. 247", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142473."}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October- December, 1961.\" The Art Quarterly XXV, no. 2 (Spring 1962): 69-98.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report for 1961.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 49, no. 6 (1962): 115-45.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 127", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151899."}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d July 25, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0983"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"Eighteenth-century Sculpture from Germany and Austria.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LI, no.1: 1-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Christensen, Erwin O. A Guide to Art Museums in the United States. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177, no. 362", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Baum,Elfriede. Katalog des O\u0308sterreichischen Barockmuseums im Unteren Belvedere in Wien, Vienna, Austria: Herold, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 642, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Thesis Ph.D. Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 388", "url": null}, {"citation": "Achleitner, Helga, and Johann Peter Schwanthaler. Johann Peter der A\u0308ltereSchwanthaler, 1720-1795, der bayerisch-o\u0308sterreichische Rokokobildhauer: eine Stilanalyse. Ried, Austria: Edition Ko\u0308ssl, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179, pl. 215; mentioned: p. 178", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.30", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.30/1961.30_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "893", "filesize": "298274", "filename": "1961.30_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.30/1961.30_print.jpg", "width": "2180", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4378587", "filename": "1961.30_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.30/1961.30_full.tif", "width": "4128", "height": "6437", "filesize": "79744568", "filename": "1961.30_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-03-04T18:16:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "893", "filesize": "283232"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2225", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4228204"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4254", "height": "6498", "filesize": "82956216"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-04T19:00:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "268330"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2170", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4010297"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4064", "height": "6366", "filesize": "77642320"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-04T19:39:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "893", "filesize": "315381"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2375", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4803291"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4375", "height": "6263", "filesize": "82230660"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-04T20:35:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "317916"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2359", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4888691"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4450", "height": "6412", "filesize": "85629032"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-05T14:01:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "748", "filesize": "618430"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2013", "filesize": "4472214"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.30/1961.30_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "3948", "filesize": "79004360"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 136802, "creators": [{"id": 12245, "description": "Johann Peter Schwanthaler (Austrian, 1720\u20131795)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1720", "death_year": "1795", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:35.401000"}, {"id": 146171, "accession_number": "1971.65", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Orpheus and Cerberus, c. 1765. Ferdinand Tietz (Austrian, 1708\u20131777). Sandstone ; with base: 304.8 cm (120 in.); base: 38.1 x 102.9 x 102.9 cm (15 x 40 1/2 x 40 1/2 in.); without base: 182.9 x 106.7 x 61 cm (72 x 42 x 24 in.); pedestal: 89.5 x 88.9 x 88.9 cm (35 1/4 x 35 x 35 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.65", "current_location": null, "title": "Orpheus and Cerberus", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, near Bamberg, 18th century"], "technique": "sandstone ", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "with base: 304.8 cm (120 in.); Base: 38.1 x 102.9 x 102.9 cm (15 x 40 1/2 x 40 1/2 in.); without base: 182.9 x 106.7 x 61 cm (72 x 42 x 24 in.); Pedestal: 89.5 x 88.9 x 88.9 cm (35 1/4 x 35 x 35 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 3.048}, "base": {"height": 0.381, "width": 1.029, "depth": 1.029}, "without base": {"height": 1.829, "width": 1.067, "depth": 0.61}, "pedestal": {"height": 0.895, "width": 0.889, "depth": 0.889}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "commissioned by Adam Friedrich von Seins\u00adheim (1708\u20131779), Prince Bishop of Bamberg", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1757 -", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Garden of Schloss Seehof, near Bamberg (Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "- at least 1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Dr. Kurt Rossacher, Salzburg, by whom sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "- 1971", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Taught to play the lyre by the Greek god Apollo, Orpheus's legendary musical abilities had the power to charm animals.", "description": "This work was one of numerous sculptures Tietz created for the gardens of Schloss Seehof, near Bamberg in Bavaria (Germany), the summer residence of the Prince Bishops of Bamberg. The exaggerated forms of Orpheus's face and musculature caricature the idealized proportions of classical sculpture. A further parody exists with his companion: the usually terrifying hound Cerberus is here nothing more than a docile puppy, sitting calmly at Orpheus's feet. Meant to be viewed outdoors, on a high pedestal and from a distance, this work is less finely detailed than sculptures Tietz made for indoor settings at Seehof.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79924459"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.65-orpheus-and-cerberus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Margarete K\u00e4mpf, \"Das f\u00fcrstbisch\u00f6fliche Schloss Seehof bei Bamberg,\" Bericht des Historischen Vereins Bamberg, nos. 93-94 (1956).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 153, 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erich Herzog, \"Verlorene Figuren von Ferdinand Tietz aus dem Park von Schloss Seehof,\" Mainfr\u00e4nkisches Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Geschichte und Kunst 9 (1959), 234-246", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 235", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klaus Merten, \"Schloss und Garten Seehof, Zwischenbilanz einer Liquidation,\" Maltechnik-Restauro 2 (1972).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review 1971,\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 59 (January 1972), p. 40, no. 14, repr. p. 11.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts,\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts (February 1972)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 339", "url": null}, {"citation": "A. Beverly Barksdale, \"Some Musical Sidelights of Tietz's Orpheus,\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LIX (September 1972), 212-215", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 212-14, reproduced: figs 4, 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152441"}, {"citation": "Henry Hawley, \"Three Works by Ferdinand Tietz from Schloss Seehof,\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LIX (September 1972), 204-211", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 207-211; Reproduced: pp. 208, 210, 213, 214.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152439"}, {"citation": "\"Museum Accessions,\" The Magazine Antiques, 103, no. 5 (May 1973), repr. p. 866.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n187"}, {"citation": "Lindemann, Bernd Wolfgang. \"Ferdinand Tietz: Probleme des kleinplastischen Werks,\" Zeitschrift des Deutschen Vereins F\u00fcr Kunstwissenschaft 37, Heft 1/4 (1983), 73-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 82, 84; Reproduced: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lindemann, Bernd Wolfgang. Ferdinand Tietz, 1708-1777: Studien zu Werk, Stil und Ikonographie. Weissenhorn: A.H. Konrad, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentio ned: pp. 321-322; Reproduced: p. 108, no. 105", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.65", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.65/1971.65_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "54511", "filename": "1971.65_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.65/1971.65_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "687204", "filename": "1971.65_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.65/1971.65_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144036576", "filename": "1971.65_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-03-10T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.65/1971.65_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "413", "height": "893", "filesize": "214145"}, "print": {"url": 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"width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "1009109"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.65/1971.65_alt11_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144024588"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146171, "creators": [{"id": 340523, "description": "Ferdinand Tietz (Austrian, 1708\u20131777)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Austrian sculptor, baptized 1708, died 1777, active in Germany", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1708", "death_year": "1777", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Orpheus"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:40.113000"}, {"id": 95510, "accession_number": "1916.1244", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fragment of a furnishing textile, possibly 1700s or 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Azemmour, Moroccan embroiderer. Linen, silk, and dye; overall: 27.9 x 80.6 cm (11 x 31 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1244", "current_location": null, "title": "Fragment of a furnishing textile", "creation_date": "possibly 1700s or 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Azemmour, Moroccan embroiderer"], "technique": "Linen, silk, and dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 27.9 x 80.6 cm (11 x 31 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.279, "width": 0.806}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 669620, "title": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry", "description": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 2024-October 12, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-11-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 111337, "description": "Fragment of a furnishing textile, 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Azemmour, Moroccan embroiderer. Linen, silk, dye; overall: 21.3 x 41.6 cm (8 3/8 x 16 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.843", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This textile represents the work of at least four individuals: the person who prepares the fibers, the weaver, the dyer, and the embroiderer.", "description": "Small bands like this decorated furnishings. They are distinctive to Azemmour, Morocco, where Jewish women embroidered them at home. This band\u2019s red designs are floral and geometric; the scrolls may be abstracted dragons. Its Renaissance-era motifs reflect centuries of cross-Mediterranean exchange (especially with Portugal, which ruled Azemmour from 1513 to 1541). Such designs traveled to North Africa via printed pattern books. Patterns were transferred onto fabric, then the backgrounds were covered with filling stitches: plait and cross-stitches were used here. The production of these embroideries ceased around the mid-1900s because of cost and changing fashions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79477111"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1244-decorative-band", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1244-fragment-of-a-furnis"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Soenderholm, Ivan. \"Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles.\" Jozan: Oriental rug news. January 30, 2025.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jozan.net/arts-of-the-maghreb-north-african-textiles/"}, {"citation": "Paydar, Niloo Imami, and Ivo Grammet. The Fabric of Moroccan Life. Indianapolis, Ind: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 94-95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Denamur, Isabelle, Pierre Ferbos, and Louise Rogers Lalaurie. Moroccan textile embroidery. Paris: Flammarion, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 184", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alaoui, Rachida. Florile\u0300ge de la broderie marocaine. [Milan]: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 52-53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cThreads across Time: African Textiles, 500-1993.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 13.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 13.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1244", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1244/1916.1244_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "335", "filesize": "321442", "filename": "1916.1244_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1244/1916.1244_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1264", "filesize": "3109720", "filename": "1916.1244_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1244/1916.1244_full.tif", "width": "13947", "height": "5186", "filesize": "217017688", "filename": "1916.1244_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-06-06T15:02:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1244/1916.1244_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "490", "filesize": "670611"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1244/1916.1244_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1319", "filesize": "4855334"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1244/1916.1244_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5218", "height": "2025", "filesize": "31732796"}}, {"date_created": "2024-01-15T12:05:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1244/1916.1244_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "338", "filesize": "314505"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1244/1916.1244_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1278", "filesize": "2951669"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1244/1916.1244_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13881", "height": "5217", "filesize": "217280756"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95510, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1700s or 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Embroidery"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:12.572000"}, {"id": 120840, "accession_number": "1941.562.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1795. Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822). Watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame; framed: 8.5 x 7 cm (3 3/8 x 2 3/4 in.); sight: 7.1 x 5.5 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.562.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1795", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.5 x 7 cm (3 3/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Sight: 7.1 x 5.5 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.085, "width": 0.07}, "sight": {"height": 0.071, "width": 0.055}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1941.563"], "did_you_know": "This miniature has a companion piece, 1941.562.1, although the relationship to the sitters is unknown.", "description": "The sitter wears a wide, white ribbon bandeau in her powdered, curly hair, which falls to her shoulders. She has blue eyes and dark brows; a gold earring is visible in her left ear. The bust line of her white cotton gown is trimmed with many layers of ruffles, and she wears a fichu around her neck and shoulders. The background is very pale, with ivory ground visible, but faintly light blue close to the head. This miniature is probably the pendant to 1941.562.1. The female portrait is slightly larger than the male, and both date from c. 1795, the date at which a British woman would have been wearing this type of ruffled muslin gown and a bandeau in her long hair. It is impossible to know for certain if these unidentified sitters were married, but the fact that they are housed in identical frames, which date from the same period as the paintings, suggests that they are a pair. Although husbands and wives often commissioned portraits in miniature simultaneously, the pairs were frequently divided over time through inheritance, loss, breakage, or independent sale. Both miniatures are housed in identical, wonderfully elaborate period gold frames with braided hairwork. The blue glass back of each has a plait of brown hair in its center. The hair incorporated into the framing of each miniature is approximately the same color, suggesting either that the couple had the same color hair or that the same hair was used in each frame. Traditionally it was the hair of the sitter that was mounted with his or her miniature portrait. They are both unsigned, as was typical for Nathaniel Plimer\u2019s works during this period", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016499"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.562.2-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters. London: Faber and Faber, 1972. ", "page_number": "p. 451", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 31, pl. XXIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n69"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 54, pp. 218-220", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.562.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "158681", "filename": "1941.562.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1689823", "filename": "1941.562.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_full.tif", "width": "11200", "height": "11200", "filesize": "376348628", "filename": "1941.562.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-02-06T20:05:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "87687"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1084210"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023724"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-02T18:14:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "893", "filesize": "375928"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2319", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4581956"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3925", "height": "5755", "filesize": "67797232"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T13:24:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "402212"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2763", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4931905"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3309", "height": "4072", "filesize": "40453188"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-15T16:37:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "137429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1647084"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "11200", "height": "11200", "filesize": "376348108"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-06T19:54:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "83163"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "948676"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.562.2/1941.562.2_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144025732"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120840, "creators": [{"id": 3721, "description": "Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1822", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1795", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1941.562", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lady in White Dress"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:26.938000"}, {"id": 121906, "accession_number": "1942.215.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ink Stick from an Imperially Commissioned Set of Ink Stick with Images and Poems of Famous West Lake Sites, 1780\u201394. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Molded ink in black; overall: 3.9 x 3.9 cm (1 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Henry W. Kent, 1942.215.10", "current_location": null, "title": "Ink Stick from an Imperially Commissioned Set of Ink Stick with Images and Poems of Famous West Lake Sites", "creation_date": "1780\u201394", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Molded ink in black", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 3.9 x 3.9 cm (1 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.039, "width": 0.039}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5fa1\u88fd\u5357\u5c4f\u665a\u937e\u5e9a\u5b50\u3002\n\u5e7e\u6687\u641c\u51a5\u5c0d\u786f\u5c4f\uff0c\n\u971c\u9418\u9001\u97ff\u4e00\u8072\u8072\uff0c\n\u9b22\u971c\u5df2\u6539\u5341\u5e74\u8c8c\uff0c\n\u9192\u8033\u6e05\u97f3\u5352\u672a\u66f4\u3002", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "\"The evening bell ringing at Nanping.\" \nMade for the Royal family, dated gengzi year, 1780.\n\nThis poem expresses the author's perspective on time. Ten years later, people's hair has turned white, and their appearance has also changed. Only the evening bell on the Nanping Hill echoed day by day. The picture carved on the other side of the inkcake is the temple, Jingci Si \u51c0\u6148\u5bfa, at Nanping Hill in Hangzhou.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517479, "title": "History of The Chinese Book", "description": "History of The Chinese Book. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (organizer) (April 1-May 15, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry W. Kent [1866\u20131948], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1942.224"], "did_you_know": "The design is Jingci Temple, a Buddhist temple beside West Lake in Hangzhou, China.", "description": "This is one of ten ink cakes of different shapes and colors stored in an exquisite lacquer box. Each is inscribed in gold with a poem by the Qianlong emperor, praising the ten famous sights of the Westlake in Hangzhou, near Shanghai. The Westlake is famous for its natural beauty; it was a favorite imperial destination and remains a tourist attraction today.
Ink cakes (also called ink sticks) are dissolved with the addition of water and ground on the surface of a flat stone into liquid ink for painting and calligraphy. The precious ink cakes here, however, have never been used.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747073"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.215.10-ink-cake", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.215.10-ink-stick-from-an-im"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The poems on the ink sticks are published in Yuzhi shiji \u5fa1\u88fd\u8a69\u96c6 [Collection of imperial poetry], vol. 4, juan 71, 6b\u20138b; and Qinding nanzun shengdian \u6b3d\u5b9a\u5357\u5de1\u76db\u5178 [Grand ritual of the southern tour], juan 17, 17b\u201328b.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wang Chi-chien. \"Notes on Chinese Ink.\" Metropolitan Museum Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Dec. 1930), pp. 114\u2013133.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1522772"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"A Gift of Chinese Inks.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan., 1946), pp. 3\u20135, 11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 3\u20135, 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141247"}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \u201cThe Power of Writing: A new display in the Chinese galleries focuses on inscriptions.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 5 (September/October 2018): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-05/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 374\u2013375, no. 206", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.215.10", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "852", "filesize": "233254", "filename": "1942.215.10_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3218", "filesize": "2705622", "filename": "1942.215.10_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_full.tif", "width": "5153", "height": "4877", "filesize": "75423784", "filename": "1942.215.10_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-06-18T15:10:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "882", "height": "900", "filesize": "201708"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3333", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2407064"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5246", "height": "5351", "filesize": "84244684"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-22T10:36:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "844", "height": "900", "filesize": "83326"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3189", "height": "3400", "filesize": "933606"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.215.10/1942.215.10_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3960", "height": "4222", "filesize": "50184232"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Henry W. Kent", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121906, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1780\u201394", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1942.215", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ink Cake"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:46.743000"}, {"id": 141275, "accession_number": "1964.504", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (Assiette), c.1785. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; diameter: 24.8 cm (9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.504", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (Assiette)", "creation_date": "c.1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Chantilly, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.8 cm (9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.248}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[In blue enamel, hunting horn and \"L\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The glaze of this plate contains tin, an early practice used at the Chantilly porcelain factory that counteracted the yellowish tint of the soft-paste porcelain with a white, opaque finish.", "description": "This plate is part of a dinner service commissioned by Louis Joseph, duke of Bourbon, prince of Cond\u00e9. Painted with his coat of arms, composed of three fleur-de-lys encircled by a cord holding up a pendant with the order of the Holy Spirit and surmounted by the prince\u2019s own crown, this plate\u2019s decoration reinforces the prince\u2019s position as an elite member of the French royal court.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040755"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.504-plate-assiette"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 52, no. 9 (1965): 124-57.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152069"}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e de l'Ho\u0302tel Sandelin, Lille, and Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts d'Arras. La porcelaine franc\u031caise du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle dans les muse\u0301es du Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Lille: Edition de l'Association des conservateurs de la re\u0301gion Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 49, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and Jeffrey H. Munger. The Forsyth Wickes Collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 223-24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevie\u0300ve. Porcelaine tendre de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle: he\u0301ritages des manufactures de Rouen, Saint-Cloud et Paris et influences sur les autres manufactures de XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Hazan, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 266-70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevi\u00e8ve. \"Porcelaine de Chantilly, les arts de la table dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle.\" L'Estampille, l'objet d'Art, no. 309 (January 1997).", "page_number": "p. 82-84", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.504", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.504/1964.504_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "796", "filesize": "152236", "filename": "1964.504_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.504/1964.504_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3006", "filesize": "881810", "filename": "1964.504_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.504/1964.504_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "5305", "filesize": "95517984", "filename": "1964.504_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-06-12T09:09:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.504/1964.504_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "887", "filesize": "142786"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.504/1964.504_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3349", "filesize": "944065"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.504/1964.504_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5962", "height": "5873", "filesize": "105072620"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141275, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:22.958000"}, {"id": 161005, "accession_number": "1999.253", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Belt (Hizam), 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Fes, Moroccan weaver. Silk, dye, metal; overall: 396.8 x 38 cm (156 1/4 x 14 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1999.253", "current_location": null, "title": "Belt (Hizam)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Fes, Moroccan weaver"], "technique": "Silk, dye, metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 396.8 x 38 cm (156 1/4 x 14 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.968, "width": 0.38}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 381119, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2015-December 19, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 669620, "title": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry", "description": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 2024-October 12, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-11-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Women sometimes added starch to stiffen these belts.", "description": "Elaborate wedding sashes woven in Fez, Morocco, are distinctive for their multiple colors, designs, and uses. Folded lengthwise, they are wrapped around the waist so that the colors and designs coordinate with the attire worn during and after a wedding. Typically, the colors vary on each half although the designs are the same. Luxury textiles with elaborate patterns were woven on large looms called drawlooms that automatically repeated designs. The weaver operated the structure, inserting horizontal wefts, while the drawboy activated the programmed pattern. However, this wedding sash has ten programmed designs, which required considerable expertise.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79983165"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.253-bridal-wedding-sash", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.253-belt-hizam"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gebremedhen, Helina. \u201cArts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry \u2013 Curatorial Reflections.\u201d Journal 18, Issue #19 (Spring 2025).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.journal18.org/19-africa/arts-of-the-maghreb-north-african-textiles-and-jewelry-curatorial-reflections/"}, {"citation": "Paydar, Niloo Imami, and Ivo Grammet. The Fabric of Moroccan Life. Indianapolis, Ind: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 110-117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alaoui, Rachida. Florile\u0300ge de la broderie marocaine. [Milan]: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 35-37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century. Cleveland; New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 40-41, fig. 1.24; Mentioned: P. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"Textile stories from North Africa.\" HALI 224 (Summer 2025): 54-61.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58; Reproduced: p. 60-61, fig. 11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.253", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.253/1999.253_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "114", "filesize": "74242", "filename": "1999.253_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.253/1999.253_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "430", "filesize": "644581", "filename": "1999.253_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.253/1999.253_full.tif", "width": "40183", "height": "5086", "filesize": "613144616", "filename": "1999.253_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "291", "filesize": "393736"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "472", "filesize": "1083079"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "472", "filesize": "2901092"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-02T13:07:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "516", "filesize": "142072"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1949", "filesize": "1621998"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "4585", "filesize": "110071392"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-02T13:10:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "531", "filesize": "283879"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2005", "filesize": "3770557"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "4718", "filesize": "113265300"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-02T13:13:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "505", "filesize": "306257"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1909", "filesize": "4030796"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "4491", "filesize": "107817448"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-02T13:14:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "501", "filesize": "318688"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1893", "filesize": "3633150"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt4_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "4454", "filesize": "106931428"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-02T13:17:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "549", "filesize": "292483"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2074", "filesize": "3758238"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt5_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "4881", "filesize": "117177756"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-02T13:19:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "531", "filesize": "122154"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2005", "filesize": "1327324"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.253/1999.253_alt6_full.tif", "width": "7826", "height": "4615", "filesize": "108381220"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161005, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:09.687000"}, {"id": 169320, "accession_number": "2011.193", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cropley Ashley-Cooper (Later 6th Earl of Shaftesbury) with His Sister Mary Anne Ashley-Cooper, Later Lady Sturt of Crichel, c. 1776. Daniel Gardner (British, c. 1750\u20131805). Pastel with black and red chalk and graphite; sheet: 50.7 x 40.2 cm (19 15/16 x 15 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2011.193", "current_location": null, "title": "Cropley Ashley-Cooper (Later 6th Earl of Shaftesbury) with His Sister Mary Anne Ashley-Cooper, Later Lady Sturt of Crichel", "creation_date": "c. 1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1781, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "pastel with black and red chalk and graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "white laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 50.7 x 40.2 cm (19 15/16 x 15 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.507, "width": 0.402}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of British Art c. 1000-1860. Royal Academy of Arts, London (1934).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury, presumably commissioned from the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew & Sons, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "James Thursby-Pelham [1869-1947], 55 Cadogan Gardens, London, and Upon Cressett Hall, Shropshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alfred E. Hill, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1934-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Alfred E. Pearson, Sheffield & Torquay", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1934-1967", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(his sale, Sotheby's, London, July 12, 1967, no. 226)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "P. Pearson Hague, by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967-2011", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Lowell Libson, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This pastel was presumably commissioned from Daniel Gardner by the children's father, who was himself the subject of a portrait by the artist.", "description": "Daniel Gardner built a lucrative career that was based on fashionable portraiture, especially small-scale works in pastel, often in oval formats with landscape backgrounds. Executed in this format, this portrait is one of many by the artist that depicted children, his primary subjects. Here, the young Cropley Ashley-Cooper, later the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury, gazes fondly at his older sister, Mary Anne, who holds his hand and encircles his shoulders in close affection. Gardner took advantage of the special optical properties of pastel, whose minute, irregular particles reflect light diffusely, allowing an unparalleled velvety brilliance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80076433"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.193-cropley-ashley-coope"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Libson, Lowell. British Art. Exh. Cat. London: Lowell Libson, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williamson, George Charles. Daniel Gardner, Painter in Pastel and Gouache: A Brief Account of His Life and Works. London: John Lane, 1921.", "page_number": "Reproduced: between pp. 54-55", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=IM_lAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false"}, {"citation": "Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of British Art. Exh. Cat. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 161, no. 665", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 32-33, 146, no. 6; Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeffares, Neil. Dictionary of Pastellists before 1800. Online, updated 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8, no. J.338.1637", "url": "http://www.pastellists.com/Articles/Gardner1.pdf"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.193", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.193/2011.193_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "893", "filesize": "108989", "filename": "2011.193_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.193/2011.193_print.jpg", "width": "2760", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1561404", "filename": "2011.193_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.193/2011.193_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6149", "filesize": "92118576", "filename": "2011.193_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-11-18T20:02:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.193/2011.193_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "110674"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.193/2011.193_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2723", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1562926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.193/2011.193_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4837", "height": "6038", "filesize": "87644336"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169320, "creators": [{"id": 61772, "description": "Daniel Gardner (British, c. 1750\u20131805)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1750", "death_year": "1805", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:33.101000"}, {"id": 457341, "accession_number": "2022.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Le D\u00e9vouement des Citoyennes de Paris (The Dedication of the Citizens of Paris), 1794. Joseph-Beno\u00eet Suv\u00e9e (French, 1743\u20131807). Oil on canvas; overall: 49.9 x 61.3 cm (19 5/8 x 24 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2022.40", "current_location": null, "title": "Le D\u00e9vouement des Citoyennes de Paris (The Dedication of the Citizens of Paris)", "creation_date": "1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1974, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": [], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 49.9 x 61.3 cm (19 5/8 x 24 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.499, "width": 0.613}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "DECLARATION DES DROITS/DE L\u2019HOMME ET DU CITOIEN/ARTICLE", "inscription_translation": "declaration of the rights of man and the citizen/article\u2026", "inscription_remark": "inscribed at base of statue", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Le Jury des Arts au Concours de l\u2019an II pour les Travaux d\u2019encouragement, Paris, France (April-May, 1794).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Pictures and Oil Sketches, 1775-1920, W.M. Brady & Co., New York, NY (30 November - 20 December 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-11-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-2004", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Paris, France, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Beaussant Lef\u00e8vre, 3 December 2004, lot 59, as Joseph-Marie Vien)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 3, 2004", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "W. M. Brady & Co., New York, NY, sold private collectors, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004-2005", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mark Brady, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2021-2022", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2022-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Shortly after submitting this sketch, the artist was imprisoned for not being sufficiently loyal to the republic.", "description": "Painted during the French Revolution\u2019s treacherous Reign of Terror, the artist took inspiration from an actual event. In 1789, wives and daughters of several prominent artists donated their jewelry to the service of the young French republic. Joseph-Benoit Suv\u00e9e recasts the event in classical Roman style, underscoring the connection between the ancient republic and France\u2019s revolutionary ambitions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247307"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.40-le-devouement-des-ci"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Olander, William. Pour Transmettre A\u0300 La Poste\u0301rite\u0301: French Painting and Revolution, 1774-1795. 1983.", "page_number": "p. 469", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), and Council of Europe. La Re\u0301volution franc\u0327aise et l'Europe 1789-1799: XXe exposition du conseil de l'Europe : Galeries nationales du grand Palais, Paris, 16 mars-26 juin 1989. Paris: Ministe\u0300re de la Culture de la Communication des Grands Travaux et du Bicentenaire, Editions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 838, Vol. III, Chapter XXX", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tajan (Firm). Fe\u0301lix Tournachon dit Nadar (1820-1910) et son panthe\u0301on, importante collection de 273 dessins: portraits et portraits-charge. Paris: Tajan, 2004.", "page_number": "lot 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W.M. Brady & Co. Pictures & Oil Sketches, 1775-1920. New York, NY: W.M. Brady & Co, 2005.", "page_number": "cat. no. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Join-Lambert, Sophie, Anne Leclair, Denis Coekelberghs, Dominique Marechal, and Joseph Benoi\u0302t Suve\u0301e. Joseph-Benoi\u0302t Suve\u0301e, 1743-1807: un artiste entre Bruges, Rome et Paris. 2017.", "page_number": "pp. 151, 177", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.40/2022.40_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "772", "filesize": "356447", "filename": "2022.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.40/2022.40_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2916", "filesize": "3600941", "filename": "2022.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.40/2022.40_full.tif", "width": "12900", "height": "11065", "filesize": "428249988", "filename": "2022.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 457341, "creators": [{"id": 457342, "description": "Joseph-Beno\u00eet Suv\u00e9e (French, 1743\u20131807)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French painter and draftsman of Belgian birth, 1743-1807", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1743", "death_year": "1807", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-06-06T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The painting has been glue lined and the composition slightly expanded along the left and right edges. Infrared reflectography (IRR) revealed initial perspective lines laid in as well as a significant change in the composition of the large pedestal where an angel was initially imagined. Microscopic examination provided more insight into the artist\u2019s working methods, revealing the use of a tool to carve in the initial placement and spacing of the letters on the large pedestal, as well as the use of a three-tiered system of preparatory layers beginning first with a dark red ground, followed by a light gray ground, and ending with a carbon-based underdrawing visible in IRR. The ground layer system used can be observed with high magnification along most edges of the painting.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:43.408000"}, {"id": 95648, "accession_number": "1916.1359", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Spread with floral medallion pattern, 1700s. Mughal India, Deccan, probably Goa. Cotton: plain weave, quilted; silk and gilt-metal thread: embroidery, couched laid work; overall: 251.5 x 330.2 cm (99 x 130 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1359", "current_location": null, "title": "Spread with floral medallion pattern", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India, Deccan, probably Goa"], "technique": "Cotton: plain weave, quilted; silk and gilt-metal thread: embroidery, couched laid work", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 251.5 x 330.2 cm (99 x 130 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.515, "width": 3.302}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311956, "title": "India's Art", "description": "India's Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 381170, "title": "Floral Delight: Textiles from Islamic Lands", "description": "Floral Delight: Textiles from Islamic Lands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 9, 2014-May 4, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A small blue and yellow bird perches at the center of the otherwise solely floral design.", "description": "This textile could have been used as a covering for seating on the floor or as a bedspread in either an Indian or European setting. In any case, it was not meant to be walked on. Its material and imagery testify to flourishing international relationships. The arabesque designs, consisting of swirling vines with large and small flowers, recall a radiant paradise and have roots in Persian, Chinese, and Mediterranean sources. The use of gold-wrapped thread had been widespread in Spain and Portugal before it was adopted in India, probably first in Goa, a Portuguese colony on the southwestern coast of India from 1510 to 1961. The vibrant colors are distinctive to this region of India.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79477565"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1359-bed-cover-with-flora", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1359-spread-with-floral-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jain, Rahul. Rapture: The Art of Indian Textiles. New Delhi: Niyogi Books, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 160; Reproduced: no. 55, p. 161.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 431, fig. 10.21.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1359", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1359/1916.1359_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "900", "filesize": "627332", "filename": "1916.1359_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1359/1916.1359_print.jpg", "width": "2593", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5411752", "filename": "1916.1359_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1359/1916.1359_full.tif", "width": "5518", "height": "7235", "filesize": "119803688", "filename": "1916.1359_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-07-08T13:53:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "622108"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5877496"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144035776"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-08T13:54:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "656", "filesize": "558672"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2480", "filesize": "5103760"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7402", "height": "5400", "filesize": "119948356"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-08T13:54:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "514266"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5597675"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021784"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-08T13:54:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "518838"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5151455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144021712"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-08T13:55:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "477960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "4854291"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1359/1916.1359_alt4_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144021712"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95648, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bed Cover", "Bed cover with floral medallion pattern"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:11.462000"}, {"id": 98646, "accession_number": "1918.346", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sitar, c. 1850. Eastern India, Bengal or Bangladesh. Gourd and wood with pigment, ivory, and bone; copper alloy: frets; iron alloy: strings (with one modern copper replacement); overall: 95.2 x 15.3 cm (37 1/2 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.346", "current_location": null, "title": "Sitar", "creation_date": "c. 1850", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Eastern India, Bengal or Bangladesh"], "technique": "Gourd and wood with pigment, ivory, and bone; copper alloy: frets; iron alloy: strings (with one modern copper replacement)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 95.2 x 15.3 cm (37 1/2 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.952, "width": 0.153}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 536104, "title": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers", "description": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23, 2023-February 4, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many paintings of Indian court life depict female musicians holding and playing this kind of lightweight stringed instrument.", "description": "The stringed instrument known as the sitar usually provided the central sound for the musical performances that were a constant feature of court life in India. The sitar could then be accompanied by percussion, voice, and other supporting instruments. In Raja Deen Dayal\u2019s photograph Maharaja of Rewa in Prayer (2016.266.21), a musician strums a sitar in order to please the deities on the royal altar. The improvised compositions are played in a mode, or key, that correlates to the time of day and season of the year.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485139"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.346-vina", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.346-sitar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (1918): 82-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "D. S. M. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 134-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.346", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.346/1918.346_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "124469", "filename": "1918.346_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.346/1918.346_print.jpg", "width": "2562", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1076172", "filename": "1918.346_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.346/1918.346_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7964", "filesize": "143407832", "filename": "1918.346_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-01-14T13:54:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.346/1918.346_alt0_web.jpg", 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"width": "1976", "height": "1931", "filesize": "1141380"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.346/1918.346_alt7_full.tif", "width": "1976", "height": "1931", "filesize": "11474084"}}, {"date_created": "2021-01-26T14:42:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.346/1918.346_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "733", "filesize": "201522"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.346/1918.346_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2770", "filesize": "1663671"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.346/1918.346_alt8_full.tif", "width": "3407", "height": "2776", "filesize": "28399724"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98646, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1850", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vina"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:07.253000"}, {"id": 103349, "accession_number": "1921.405", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ten-Round Incense Game (\u79cb\u8349\u306b\u9e7f\u6587\u8494\u7d75\u5341\u7a2e\u9999\u7bb1), 1700s\u2013mid-1800s. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Lacquered wood with gold and silver sprinkled powder (maki-e) and mother-of-pearl inlay, metal fittings; overall: 23 x 25.4 x 16.6 cm (9 1/16 x 10 x 6 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of George Trumbull Ladd, 1921.405", "current_location": null, "title": "Ten-Round Incense Game", "title_in_original_language": "\u79cb\u8349\u306b\u9e7f\u6587\u8494\u7d75\u5341\u7a2e\u9999\u7bb1", "creation_date": "1700s\u2013mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Lacquered wood with gold and silver sprinkled powder (maki-e) and mother-of-pearl inlay, metal fittings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Overall: 23 x 25.4 x 16.6 cm (9 1/16 x 10 x 6 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.23, "width": 0.254, "depth": 0.166}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302372, "title": "In the Nature of Materials, Japanese Decorative Arts", "description": "In the Nature of Materials, Japanese Decorative Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-February 20, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443393, "title": "Arts of Japan from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Arts of Japan from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Mansfield Art Center, Mansfield, OH (organizer) (March 25-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 687098, "title": "Practice and Play in Japanese Art", "description": "Practice and Play in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-November 30, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Matsudaira", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "George Trumbull Ladd [1842\u20131921], New Haven, CT, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1899\u20131921", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blue and white porcelain containers in which the heated incense was passed feature designs of foreigners.", "description": "A popular pastime in the Edo period was a game in which a group of players passed around incense and guessed its name or scent. Small pieces of incense would be placed on thin mica plates and heated over hot ash, releasing their aroma for the players to smell. Players then cast their guesses with playing pieces. The game master kept score with the writing set. This game is handsomely decorated with images of deer in an autumn setting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79506625"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.405-incense-guessing-gam"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "MacLean, J. Arthur. \u201cRecent Gift of George Trumbull Ladd.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 5 (May 1921): pp. 79\u201380, 87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 79, 80", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136483"}, {"citation": "\u201cAccessions.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 5 (May 1921): 84\u201385.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 84", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136489"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.405", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.405/1921.405_web.jpg", "width": "858", "height": "900", "filesize": "319918", "filename": "1921.405_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.405/1921.405_print.jpg", "width": "3241", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3589148", "filename": "1921.405_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.405/1921.405_full.tif", "width": "4758", "height": "4991", "filesize": 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"width": "2670", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3259733"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4456", "height": "5674", "filesize": "75883480"}}, {"date_created": "2016-04-21T11:48:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "900", "filesize": "290538"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3195247"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4341", "height": "5624", "filesize": "73274456"}}, {"date_created": "2016-04-21T12:10:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "593", "filesize": "270134"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2241", "filesize": "2986572"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt5_full.tif", "width": "7168", "height": "4725", "filesize": "101638424"}}, {"date_created": "2016-04-21T12:22:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "591", "filesize": "235496"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2234", "filesize": "2496361"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.405/1921.405_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6725", "height": "4418", "filesize": "89164388"}}], "creditline": "Gift of George Trumbull Ladd", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 103349, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s\u2013mid-1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Incense Guessing Game"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:15.267000"}, {"id": 141274, "accession_number": "1964.503", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (Assiette), c. 1757\u201360. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; diameter: 23.9 cm (9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.503", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (Assiette)", "creation_date": "c. 1757\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Chantilly, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 23.9 cm (9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.239}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445212, "title": "Geometric Forms in Art", "description": "Geometric Forms in Art. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 11-May 12, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-02-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhib.: CMA 1965: \"Year in Review 1965.\" Bull., LII (Nov. 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The hatched border of this plate was likely produced by engine-turning, a process by which clay is turned on a rotating tool to produce fluted, geometric, and diced patterns.", "description": "This plate was originally part of a service owned by Don Filippo Infante, duke of Parma. Married to Marie Louise \u00c9lisabeth, the eldest daughter of Louis XV, the couple greatly patronized porcelain produced at the Chantilly factory. The basket weave border was a style inspired by models produced at the Vincennes-S\u00e8vres porcelain factory which was, in turn, inspired by models produced at the Meissen factory in Germany.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040754"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.503-plate-assiette"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Eriksen, Svend, ed. Le porcellane francesi a Palazzo Pitti. Florence: Scala, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 11-16, 126-34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevie\u0300ve. Porcelaine tendre de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle: he\u0301ritages des manufactures de Rouen, Saint-Cloud et Paris et influences sur les autres manufactures de XVIIIe sie\u0300cle. Paris: Hazan, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 250-54", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.503", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.503/1964.503_web.jpg", "width": "949", "height": "893", "filesize": "82636", "filename": "1964.503_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.503/1964.503_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3201", "filesize": "700595", "filename": "1964.503_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.503/1964.503_full.tif", "width": "4465", "height": "4204", "filesize": "56341208", "filename": "1964.503_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-07-23T15:30:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.503/1964.503_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "879", "height": "893", "filesize": "49761"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.503/1964.503_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3345", "height": "3400", "filesize": "622717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.503/1964.503_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3960", "height": "4024", "filesize": "47832028"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141274, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1757, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1757\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:15.480000"}, {"id": 141287, "accession_number": "1964.511", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife Handle (manche de couteau), c. 1710\u20131730. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain, steel blade; overall: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.511", "current_location": null, "title": "Knife Handle (manche de couteau)", "creation_date": "c. 1710\u20131730", "creation_date_earliest": 1710, "creation_date_latest": 1730, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, early 18th Century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain, steel blade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.191}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1965, \"Year in Review 1965.\" Bull., LII (Nov. 1965), p. 153, cat. #57", "opening_date": "1965-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, October 18, 1994 - Febraury 19, 1995: \"From Hand to Mouth: A History of Flatware,\" Gallery 102, no catalog.", "opening_date": "1994-10-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Saint-Cloud porcelain factory was the first successful European manufacturer of soft-paste porcelain, a slightly off-white product that attempted to emulate the prized hard-paste porcelain produced by China and Japan.", "description": "Prior to the 18th century, personal flatware was produced in expensive materials as a luxury item that communicated wealth and status. Porcelain handles were introduced at the beginning of the 18th century, likely by the Saint-Cloud factory. This handle is decorated with a pattern in underglaze blue inspired by porcelain imported from China and has been fitted to a steel blade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040782"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.511-knife-handle-manche"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dawson, Aileen. A Catalogue of French Porcelain in the British Museum. London: British Museum Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 20-21, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lahaussois, Christine. Porcelaines de Saint-Cloud. Paris: Union centrale des arts de\u0301coratifs, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 150-52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.511", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.511/1964.511_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "390", "filesize": "122628", "filename": "1964.511_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.511/1964.511_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1474", "filesize": "567042", "filename": "1964.511_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.511/1964.511_full.tif", "width": "9521", "height": "4129", "filesize": "117960420", "filename": "1964.511_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-06-28T17:59:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.511/1964.511_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "399", "filesize": "127394"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.511/1964.511_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1507", "filesize": "648265"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.511/1964.511_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8909", "height": "3950", "filesize": "105595548"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141287, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1710, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710\u20131730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:09.199000"}, {"id": 150685, "accession_number": "1982.117", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Chest with Inner Drawers (\u5e36\u6697\u5c5c\u6728\u7bb1), 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Rosewood (huanghuali) and metal; overall: 40.7 x 41.3 x 35.6 cm (16 x 16 1/4 x 14 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Miss Mildred F. Walker, 1982.117", "current_location": null, "title": "Small Chest with Inner Drawers", "title_in_original_language": "\u5e36\u6697\u5c5c\u6728\u7bb1", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Rosewood (huanghuali) and metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 40.7 x 41.3 x 35.6 cm (16 x 16 1/4 x 14 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.407, "width": 0.413, "depth": 0.356}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "The Year in Review for 1982. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Miss Helen M. Walker [1892\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131982", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The top lifts up to gain access to the storage area below and allows the front doors to open, revealing 5 interior drawers.", "description": "This small chest fitted with drawers and a tray was used to store seals, cosmetic utensils, or other necessities of daily life. Chests were portable and placed on tables or shelves and were secured with a metal pin inserted through the metal loops on the front panels. The rare tropical hardwood (huanghuali) would have been only affordable to individuals of a higher social status.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79933259"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.117-small-chest-with-inn"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review for 1982.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 70, no. 1, 1983, pp. 3\u201355.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55, cat. no. 130", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159799"}, {"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von. \u201cHave a Seat! From Floor Culture to Furniture of Ming and Qing Dynasty China.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 14\u201315.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14; Mentioned: pp. 14\u201315", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.117", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.117/1982.117_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "757", "filesize": "", "filename": "1982.117_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.117/1982.117_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2861", "filesize": "", "filename": "1982.117_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.117/1982.117_full.tif", "width": "4865", "height": "4094", "filesize": "", "filename": "1982.117_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-06-25T14:06:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "802", "filesize": "255919"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3028", "filesize": "2054792"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4670", "height": "4159", "filesize": "58295188"}}, {"date_created": "2019-06-25T14:19:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "721", "filesize": "220739"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2722", "filesize": "1556611"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5139", "height": "4114", "filesize": "63452944"}}, {"date_created": "2019-06-25T14:24:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "641", "filesize": "217091"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2422", "filesize": "1478058"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6292", "height": "4482", "filesize": "84629392"}}, {"date_created": "2019-06-25T15:00:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "758", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2862", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1982.117/1982.117_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6568", "height": "5528", "filesize": ""}}], "creditline": "Gift of Miss Mildred F. Walker", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150685, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-07-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:56.858000"}, {"id": 152484, "accession_number": "1985.307", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Righteousness, from The Five Virtues (\u4e94\u5e38\u306e\u5185\u3000\u7fa9), 1767. Suzuki Harunobu (Japanese, 1724\u20131770). Color woodblock print; overall: 36.6 x 21.6 cm (14 7/16 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith, 1985.307", "current_location": null, "title": "Righteousness, from The Five Virtues", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e94\u5e38\u306e\u5185\u3000\u7fa9", "creation_date": "1767", "creation_date_earliest": 1767, "creation_date_latest": 1767, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Overall: 36.6 x 21.6 cm (14 7/16 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.366, "width": 0.216}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u9234\u6728\u6625\u4fe1\u753b", "inscription_translation": "Artist's signature: Suzuki Harunobu ga", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "Nanigoto mo/\nMi o herikudari/ \nRi o wakachi/ \nItsuwari naki o/ \nGi towa iu beki", "inscription_translation": "Be humble in all things,/ \nFollow reason and do not deceive;/ \nThat is righteousness.", "inscription_remark": "Poem in the cartouche in the upper right corner", "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310240, "title": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection", "description": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14-November 13, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 440861, "title": "Japan\u2019s Floating World \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6d6e\u4e16", "description": "Japan\u2019s Floating World \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6d6e\u4e16. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 8-October 9, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-04-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Japanese Gallery 113 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10\u2013June 23, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-06-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Louis V. Ledoux", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edith Ehrman [1932\u20131974], New York, NY, consigned to Sotheby's for sale after her death", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Edith Ehrman was a founder of Japan House Gallery and a collector of Japanese prints.
"], "date": "by 1969\u20131975", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby Parke Bernet, June 17, 1975 sale, lot 29)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(R. E. Lewis, Inc., California, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Kelvin Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u2013?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, Cleveland, OH, given by Mrs. Kelvin [Eleanor Armstrong] Smith [1899\u20131998] given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist's signature is on the door painted with a mandarin drake in a snowy scene.", "description": "Two young male courtesans enjoy reading in their quarters by candlelight. One holds an illustrated book recognizable as the drawing manual Illustrated Book of the Treasure-Bag of Sketches (\u7d75\u672c\u5199\u5b9d\u888b), published in 1720 by Tachibana Morikuni (1679\u20131748). The poem at the top translates as follows:
In all things to be humble, discern the path of reason, and abstain from falsehood. This is what we call righteousness.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.307-righteousness-two-bo", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.307-righteousness-from-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stern, Harold P. Master Prints of Japan: Ukiyo-E Hanga. New York: Abrams, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 52, pp. 120\u2013121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cChecklist of the Kelvin Smith Bequest.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 75, no. 7, 1988, pp. 292\u2013295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 292", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25160040"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.307", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.307/1985.307_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "254469", "filename": "1985.307_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.307/1985.307_print.jpg", "width": "2619", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3405334", "filename": "1985.307_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.307/1985.307_full.tif", "width": "5694", "height": "7392", "filesize": "126301352", "filename": "1985.307_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-07-05T18:01:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.307/1985.307_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "671", "height": "893", "filesize": "534633"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.307/1985.307_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2556", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6296324"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.307/1985.307_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3583", "height": "4767", "filesize": "51264552"}}], "creditline": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152484, "creators": [{"id": 23415, "description": "Suzuki Harunobu (Japanese, 1724\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9234\u6728\u6625\u4fe1", "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1767, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1767", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Gi: Justice, Righteousness, from the series The Five Cardinal Virtues", "Righteousness (Two Boy Prostitutes Seated by a Candle) (from an untitled series of the Five Confucian Virtues)", "Righteousness from the series The Five Virtues"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:56.516000"}, {"id": 153375, "accession_number": "1986.63", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra and courtiers, c. 1783. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Clara Taplin Rankin, 1986.63", "current_location": null, "title": "Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra and courtiers", "creation_date": "c. 1783", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.242, "width": 0.216}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Rajput Painting. Asia House, New York, NY (December 3, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-12-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 13, 2003-February 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-08-13T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Alfred M. [Clara Taplin] Rankin [1917\u20132025], Gates Mills, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["869.86"], "did_you_know": "This painting once belonged to Cleveland attorney George P. Bickford, who endowed positions at the CMA and Harvard.", "description": "Ruler of the western Himalayan kingdom of Kangra from 1775 to 1823, Sansar Chand (1765\u20131823) is seated on a red dais. As a youth at around 18 years of age, he still has not grown a beard, and his distinctive curly bushy hair is visible beneath his pink turban. This portrait may commemorate the Mughals relinquishing control of Kangra in 1783.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475903"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.63-raja-sansar-chand-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75; plate 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection: Catalog. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "cat. no. 119", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.63", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.63/1986.63_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "900", "filesize": "304129", "filename": "1986.63_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.63/1986.63_print.jpg", "width": "3007", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4251586", "filename": "1986.63_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.63/1986.63_full.tif", "width": "9700", "height": "10966", "filesize": "319141514", "filename": "1986.63_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-24T15:42:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.63/1986.63_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "808", "height": "900", "filesize": "259314"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.63/1986.63_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3052", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3136137"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.63/1986.63_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5630", "height": "6272", "filesize": "105967472"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-28T16:20:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.63/1986.63_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "900", "filesize": "225913"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.63/1986.63_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3007", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4411858"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.63/1986.63_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9700", "height": "10966", "filesize": "319138114"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Clara Taplin Rankin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153375, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-09-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:32.243000"}, {"id": 154757, "accession_number": "1989.337", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Augury of the crow (Vasakasajja Nayika), c. 1800. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 21.4 x 14.5 cm (8 7/16 x 5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.337", "current_location": null, "title": "Augury of the crow (Vasakasajja Nayika)", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 21.4 x 14.5 cm (8 7/16 x 5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.214, "width": 0.145}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kangra Paintings on Love. National Museum, New Delhi, India (1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raja of Lambagraon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(B. R. Sharma, New Delhi, India, to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131967", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967\u20131989", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Nayika is the term for a heroine figure in Indian art, literature, and drama.", "description": "The heroine in the doorway is waiting for her husband to return, but he is delayed, and ominous monsoon clouds gather in the distance. The pomegranate tree in her garden has ripe fruits replete with seeds and bright red juices, suggestive of her fertility, but a crow is perched there. The sound of a crow\u2019s voice is an unlucky omen, and this further compounds her anxiety.
Depictions of tense, relatable situations were made to elicit empathy in the viewer and emotions that heightened the pleasure of viewing and savoring paintings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476377"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.337-augury-of-the-crow-v"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Randhawa, M. S. Kangra Paintings on Love. New Delhi: National Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 174, pl. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "cat. no. 155", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.337", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.337/1989.337_web.jpg", "width": "658", "height": "900", "filesize": "263784", "filename": "1989.337_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.337/1989.337_print.jpg", "width": "2484", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2748103", "filename": "1989.337_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.337/1989.337_full.tif", "width": "5275", "height": "7219", "filesize": "114274892", "filename": "1989.337_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154757, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vasakasajja Nayika, Love - Longing Heroine"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:34.437000"}, {"id": 161266, "accession_number": "1999.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Grapes (\ubb35\ud3ec\ub3c4\ub3c4 [\u58a8\u8461\u8404\u5716]), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll, ink on silk; image: 101 x 47 cm (39 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.); overall: 176.5 x 73 cm (69 1/2 x 28 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1999.43", "current_location": null, "title": "Grapes", "title_in_original_language": "\ubb35\ud3ec\ub3c4\ub3c4 [\u58a8\u8461\u8404\u5716]", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "hanging scroll, ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 101 x 47 cm (39 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.); Overall: 176.5 x 73 cm (69 1/2 x 28 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.01, "width": 0.47}, "overall": {"height": 1.765, "width": 0.73}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 373986, "title": "The Other Side of the Story - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "The Other Side of the Story - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 27, 2020-April 25, 2021).", "opening_date": "2020-10-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 18-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Klaus F. Naumann East Asian Art, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Grape wine was introduced to the Korean court in the 1200s, but the common classes did not have many opportunities to enjoy it until the 20th century.", "description": "Grapes began to be employed as artistic motifs in Korean art after their introduction to the peninsula around the 600s through the Silk Road, the ancient global trade route. Artists used them to embellish the surfaces of mother-of-pearl lacquer boxes and blue-and-white porcelain, while scholar-poets composed poems about the luscious sweet sourness of green grapes. Grape paintings such as this were hung on a wall especially in a scholar\u2019s elegant study during the summer season when deep blue grapes ripen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477946"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.43-grapes"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Contemporary German Painting Acquired by CMA,\u201d June 9, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4262"}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 72", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.43/1999.43_web.jpg", "width": "427", "height": "893", "filesize": "296021", "filename": "1999.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.43/1999.43_print.jpg", "width": "1627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4755073", "filename": "1999.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.43/1999.43_full.tif", "width": "3102", "height": "6481", "filesize": "60338412", "filename": "1999.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-09-28T12:58:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.43/1999.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "378", "height": "893", "filesize": "247546"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.43/1999.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1440", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3961759"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.43/1999.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2693", "height": "6356", "filesize": "51376648"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161266, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:59.155000"}, {"id": 132049, "accession_number": "1954.603.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Irises, 1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). One of a pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and color on gilded paper; painting: 154.4 x 360.4 cm (60 13/16 x 141 7/8 in.); mounted: 170.7 x 376.7 cm (67 3/16 x 148 5/16 in.). 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Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 311658, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 7-July 8, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Special Loan Exhibition of Art treasures from Japan. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September-October 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Howard Hollis and Co., Cleveland, OH, ?-1954, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 1954-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1954.603"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The subject of this painting comes from a 10th-century text. It tells of a young nobleman\u2019s journey into the lonely countryside, far from the capital city of Heian-ky\u014d (Kyoto). There he came upon a small stream, the banks of which were covered with blooming irises, on which the artist has chosen to focus our attention. While viewing the beautiful flowers the nobleman composed a poem:
I have a beloved wife, Familiar as the skirt of a well-worn robe, And so this distant journeying Fills my heart with grief. ", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516510"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.603.1-irises"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Edgell, George Harold. Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan. [Tokyo, Japan]: [Sanseido Press], 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 91 A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"Irises by Watanabe Shik\u014d.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 4 (April 1955): 63\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 64\u201365; Mentioned: p. 66\u201367", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142032"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 924", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Japanese Decorative Style. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 86\u201387; cat. no. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n101/"}, {"citation": "Chiba-shi Bijutsukan \u5343\u8449\u5e02\u7f8e\u8853\u9928. Shugyoku no Nihon bijutsu: Hosomi korekushon no zenbo\u0304 to Bosuton, Kuri\u0304burando, Sakkura\u0304 no wadaisaku : kaikan isshu\u0304nen kinen [\u73e0\u7389\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853 : \u7d30\u898b\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5168\u8c8c\u3068, \u30dc\u30b9\u30c8\u30f3, \u30af\u30ea-\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9, \u30b5\u30c3\u30af\u30e9-\u306e\u8a71\u984c\u4f5c : \u958b\u9928\u4e00\u5468\u5e74\u8a18\u5ff5]. Chiba-shi: Chiba-shi Bijutsukan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184, cat. no. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 40\u201341", "url": null}, {"citation": "Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122-123, cat. no. 41", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.603.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.603.1/1954.603.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "414", "filesize": "190381", "filename": "1954.603.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.603.1/1954.603.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1565", "filesize": "1882210", "filename": "1954.603.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.603.1/1954.603.1_full.tif", "width": "25482", "height": "11732", "filesize": "896893172", "filename": "1954.603.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-03-31T13:40:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.603.1/1954.603.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "426", "filesize": "254934"}, 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"accession_date": "1954-08-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1954.603", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-03 13:35:08.799000"}, {"id": 128877, "accession_number": "1951.486", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Spring, c. 1720\u201336. Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736). Oil on canvas; framed: 76.5 x 66 x 9 cm (30 1/8 x 26 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 65 x 53.7 cm (25 9/16 x 21 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harry D. Kendrick, 1951.486", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Spring", "creation_date": "c. 1720\u201336", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1741, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.5 x 66 x 9 cm (30 1/8 x 26 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 65 x 53.7 cm (25 9/16 x 21 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.765, "width": 0.66, "depth": 0.09}, "unframed": {"height": 0.65, "width": 0.537}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Claude to Corot: The Development of Landscape Painting in France, Colnaghi Gallery, New York, NY (November 1-December 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Victor-Am\u00e9d\u00e9e, prince de Carignan [1690-1741], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
When Pater died in 1736, two unfinished oval Seasons painted for the prince de Carignan remained in the artist\u2019s studio. They were claimed soon thereafter by Louis-Jacques Landrin, Carignan\u2019s agent, as was stipulated in Pater\u2019s scell\u00e9 apr\u00e8s d\u00e9c\u00e8s: \u201cle 13 ao\u00fbt, de Louis-Jacques Landrin, avocat au Parlement\u2026charg\u00e9 de pouvoir de Son Altesse Serenss. Monsigneur le Pce de Carignan, r\u00e9clamant \u2018deux tableaux sur toille de trois livres, dix sols (?), repr\u00e9sentant les Saisons, command\u00e9s par Son Altesse au deffunt Pater, lesquels tableaux le Sr Landrin revendique,\u2019 et se declare pr\u00eat \u00e0 payer pour Son Altesse \u2018ce qui peut rester dus desdits tableaux en l\u2019\u00e9tat qu\u2019ils son.\u2019\u201d Carignan had four oval Seasons installed in his dining room. In Carignan\u2019s sales of 1742 and 1743, these are attributed to Watteau; however, according to art historian Rochelle Ziskin, they were partly\u2014or, more likely, entirely\u2014by Pater. The attributions in the sale catalogues, however, should not necessarily be taken at face value: the \u201cexpert\u201d of the sales, Pierre Testard, was clearly not an expert on works by Watteau and his followers, as there were additional misattributions and errors (e.g., Lancret was called \u201cNancr\u00e9\u201d) in the catalogues. At 26 x 20 inches, the \u201cWatteau\u201d Seasons in the Carignan catalogues are quite close in size to Spring and its pendants (CMA's Summer (1952.540) and Winter and Fall, at the Museu Nacional, Barcelona), which are 25 11/16 x 21 1/16 inches. It should be kept in mind that the dimensions recorded in auction catalogues from the eighteenth century were often less than precise. That said, in her 1928 Pater catalogue raisonn\u00e9, Florence Ingersoll-Smouse does not believe the Wildenstein/Mantacheff Quatre Saisons (nos. 578-581) and the Carignan Saisons (no. 567, not illustrated and with no further provenance) to be one and the same. Even if the CMA and Barcelona Seasons were the \u201cWatteaus\u201d that appear in the Carignan sales, their whereabouts after those sales remain unknown. Wildenstein\u2019s records note that Spring was formerly in the Moreton de Chabrillan collection; however, their records also include the Choiseul collection in the provenance, which we know is most likely incorrect. Furthermore, the catalogue raisonn\u00e9, combined with a tracing of pendants depicting the seasons (not necessarily attributed to Pater) throughout eighteenth/nineteenth-century auction records strongly suggests that the Chabrillan Paters (formerly in the Dubois) collection, were a separate, larger, set of pendants by Pater depicting the seasons. In the Ingersoll-Smouse catalogue raisonn\u00e9, the CMA and Barcelona pendants are nos. 578-581 (provenance: Wildenstein, \u201cChoiseul et Mantachef\u201d), while the Chabrillan pendants are nos. 574-577 (provenance: Dubois sale, 1785; Chabrillan sale, 1848; English collector; Mrs. J. Ashley sale, 1907). Their current location is unknown.
"], "date": "1736-1741", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Held in trust by the Estate of the prince de Carignan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1741-1743", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mantacheff collection, St. Petersburg, sold to Wildenstein & Co", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Mantacheff, or Mantashev, refers to a prominent Armenian industrialist family. It was most likely Alexander Mantacheff (d. 1911) who owned the Paters, although his son, Leon, who lived in Moscow and Paris, was also a collector (active in the 1910s). According to the 1990 Colnaghi exhibition, the Mantacheffs believed that the four Paters were in the collection of the Duc de Choiseul, Louis XV\u2019s minister of foreign affairs, although the reasons behind this belief are not known. The Choiseul provenance is dubious, however, as the Paters do not appear in any contemporary account of the collection. Neither the 1772 collection catalogue nor the 1786 collection sale include the Barcelona and CMA Paters (although there are two other sets of pendants by Pater). Additionally, Pater\u2019s Seasons were not engraved by Basan for the Recueil d\u2019estampes d\u2019apres les tableaux du Duc de Choiseul, which reproduced 124 of the approximately 160 paintings owned by Choiseul. The Choiseul collection was extremely well-documented, so were these paintings owned by him, it is unlikely there would be no reference to them. That said, it is possible that if the paintings were still part of a decorative screen in 1772, they would not have been treated as works of art themselves and would not have been inventoried with his paintings. Choiseul did own the a cycle of dining-room decorations by Watteau, the so-called Crozat Seasons, and so it is also possible that the probably erroneous belief that Choiseul owned the Pater Seasons comes from a later confusion resulting from his having owned Watteau\u2019s Seasons.
"], "date": "Until 1910", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., Paris, France, sold to Henry G. Dalton)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Wildenstein certainly had both Spring and Summer by 1928, as both are situated with Wildenstein in Ingersoll-Smouse\u2019s catalogue raisonn\u00e9, published that year. The catalogue of Colnaghi\u2019s 1990 exhibition, Claude to Corot: The Development of Landscape Painting in France, which included Spring, notes that Wildenstein disclosed that Spring and Summer, as well as Autumn and Winter were acquired by Wildenstein from the Mantacheff collection in 1910. The circumstances under which Spring and Summer remained at Wildenstein for at least eighteen years are unknown.
"], "date": "Probably 1910-1928", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henry G. Dalton [1862-1939], Cleveland, OH, by descent to his nephew, Harry D. Kendrick", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably c. 1928-1939", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Harry D. Kendrick [1894-1958], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1939-1951", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 130161, "description": "Summer, c. 1720\u20131736. Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736). Oil on canvas; framed: 76.5 x 66 x 9 cm (30 1/8 x 26 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 65.3 x 53.5 cm (25 11/16 x 21 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harry D. Kendrick, 1952.540", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Spring and Summer are two scenes from a four-season series. These landscapes were originally a part of a screen or a decorative panel, indicated by their floral borders and oval shape. The setting of Spring is believed to be the grounds of Montmorency, the country estate of Pierre Crozat (1665\u20131740), a wealthy financier and art collector in early eighteenth-century Paris. Summer counters Spring's aristocratic leisure by depicting rural labor. Befitting the work's decorative origins, however, Pater's scene belongs to the tradition of the timeless pastoral. More idyllic than a statement about class differences, the reapers peacefully gather sheaves of wheat as shepherds rest with their flocks in the foreground.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515904"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Carignan. Catalogue des tableaux du cabinet de feu S.A.S. Monseigneur le prince de Carignan. Paris: De Poilly, 1742.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue des tableaux du Cabinet de Feu S.A.S., Monseigneur Le Prince de Carignan. Paris: Chez de Poilly, 1743.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ingersoll-Smouse, Florence. Pater. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 84, nos. 578 and 579, figs. 154 and 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111; Mentioned: p. 110-115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. 1955.", "page_number": "II, 46, nos. 6 and 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Inna Nemilova, \"Watteau's Drawing The Alle and Pater's Spring,\" Soobscenija Gos, XL (1975).", "page_number": "20-22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roland Michel, Marianne. Lajou\u0308e et l'art rocaille. Neuilly-sur-Seine: Arthena, 1984.", "page_number": "pp. 42, 210, fig. 127", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grasselli, Margaret Morgan, Pierre Rosenberg, Nicole Parmantier, and Antoine Watteau. Watteau, 1684-1721. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 146", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wintermute, Alan, and Michael Kitson. Claude to Corot: The Development of Landscape Painting in France. New York: Colnaghi, 1990.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cambo\u0301, Francesc. Coleccio\u0301n Cambo\u0301: Museo del Prado, 9 octubre-31 diciembre, 1990. [Madrid]: Ministerio de Cultura, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 474", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ziskin, Rochelle. Sheltering Art: Collecting and Social Identity in Early Eighteenth-Century Paris. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.486", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.486/1951.486_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "254815", "filename": "1951.486_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.486/1951.486_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3739264", "filename": "1951.486_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.486/1951.486_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99893032", "filename": "1951.486_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "893", "filesize": "654710"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1849", "filesize": "2949223"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1849", "filesize": "8523332"}}, {"date_created": "2009-04-27T17:43:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "893", "filesize": "494541"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2826", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8335024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4745", "height": "5708", "filesize": "81288324"}}, {"date_created": "2009-04-27T15:54:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "756", "height": "893", "filesize": "614468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2879", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8547283"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1951.486/1951.486_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4182", "height": "4938", "filesize": "61988784"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Harry D. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128877, "creators": [{"id": 1927, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1736", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720\u201336", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:44.964000"}, {"id": 140211, "accession_number": "1964.201", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bowl with Poppies, Tree Peony, and Flowering Mimosa (\u7c89\u5f69\u82b1\u5349\u7d0b\u7897), 1723\u201335. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and reign (1723-1735). Porcelain with overglaze enamel decoration; diameter: 14.1 cm (5 9/16 in.); overall: 6.6 cm (2 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.201", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Bowl with Poppies, Tree Peony, and Flowering Mimosa", "title_in_original_language": "\u7c89\u5f69\u82b1\u5349\u7d0b\u7897", "creation_date": "1723\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and reign (1723-1735)"], "technique": "porcelain with overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 14.1 cm (5 9/16 in.); Overall: 6.6 cm (2 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.141}, "overall": {"height": 0.066}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5927\u6e05\u96cd\u6b63\u5e74\u5236", "inscription_translation": "Da Qing Yongzheng nian zhi (Made in the Qing dynasty, Yongzheng reign)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Enamelled Polychrome Porcelain of the Manchu Dynasty. Oriental Ceramic Society, London, UK (May 23-July 21, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-05-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "E. C. Blake, Esq., consigned to Sotheby's London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, July 9, 1958 sale, lot no. 123)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 9, 1958", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u2013?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Developments in enamel technology led to new possibilities in polychrome decoration. Pinks appeared, lending their name to the new palette of overglaze colors (famille rose), and the addition of opaque white allowed painters to vary the value of pigments, enhancing the painterly quality of porcelain decoration. As on painted scrolls and album leaves, the image is accompanied with a poem, in this case: \"Branches come alive in the moonlight; Blossoms fill the autumn realms.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758894"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.201-bowl-with-poppies-tr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Oriental Ceramic Society. Enamelled Polychrome Porcelain of the Manchu Dynasty (1644-1912): Catalogue of an Exhibition. London: The Society, 1951.", "page_number": "cat. no. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, London. Fine \"Famille-Rose\" Porcelain in Chinese Taste. July 9, 1958 sale. Lot no. 123", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 28-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: color plate 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75, no. 82 and pl. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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"width": "3400", "height": "2966", "filesize": "5893699"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.201/1964.201_alt7_full.tif", "width": "5344", "height": "4662", "filesize": "74773332"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140211, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:28.525000"}, {"id": 123608, "accession_number": "1944.184", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Vases (\u7c89\u5f69\u6843\u7d0b\u74f7\u74f6), 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-1795). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; overall: 51.4 cm (20 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.184", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Pair of Vases", "title_in_original_language": "\u7c89\u5f69\u6843\u7d0b\u74f7\u74f6", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-1795)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 51.4 cm (20 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.514}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444432, "title": "Chinese Textiles and Ceramics", "description": "Chinese Textiles and Ceramics. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 13-May 9, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "The Porcelain Connection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984). (1944.184.2 only)", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Francis F. [Elisabeth Severance Allen] Prentiss [1865\u20131944], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This spectacular vase, one of a pair in the collection, depicts flowering and fruiting peach trees to convey an auspicious message of affluence and long life. Developments in enamel technology led to new possibilities in polychrome decoration of Qing imperial porcelains. Pinks appeared, lending their name to the new palette of overglaze colors (famille rose), and the addition of opaque white allowed painters to vary the value of pigments, enhancing the painterly quality of porcelain decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755383"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.184-pair-of-vases"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss collection : bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 93, 94, p. 83; Reproduced: Plate XXXVIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n85"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cChinese and Korean Ceramics: Japanese Lacquer.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 6 (June 1944): 103\u2013106.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141135"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.184", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.184/1944.184_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "632", "filesize": "", "filename": "1944.184_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.184/1944.184_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2389", "filesize": "", "filename": "1944.184_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.184/1944.184_full.tif", "width": "9281", "height": "6520", "filesize": "", "filename": "1944.184_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-09-19T19:04:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.184/1944.184_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "900", "filesize": "130251"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.184/1944.184_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2382", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1019615"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.184/1944.184_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4656", "height": "6645", "filesize": "92846996"}}], "creditline": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123608, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pair Bottle-shaped Vases with Globular Bodies and Straight Necks"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:31.431000"}, {"id": 148728, "accession_number": "1976.170", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chest-on-Chest, c. 1800. America, Rhode Island, Providence, early 19th Century. Mahogany; overall: 235 x 108.6 x 62.3 cm (92 1/2 x 42 3/4 x 24 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Moselle Taylor Meals, 1976.170", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Chest-on-Chest", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["America, Rhode Island, Providence, early 19th Century"], "technique": "mahogany", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 235 x 108.6 x 62.3 cm (92 1/2 x 42 3/4 x 24 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.35, "width": 1.086, "depth": 0.623}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205330, "title": "Art and Industry in Early America: Rhode Island Furniture, 1650-1830", "description": "Art and Industry in Early America: Rhode Island Furniture, 1650-1830. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (August 19, 2016-January 8, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-08-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (8/19/2016 \u2013 1/8/2017): \"Art and Industry in Early America: Rhode Island Furniture, 1650-1830\"", "opening_date": "2016-08-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Moselle Taylor Meals, Beachwood (purchased at auction in 1972).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Advertised at auction by Florene Maine in 1969.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sold by Honorable Mrs. C.D.L. Pepys, Newport and England.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Inherited from Sophia Augusta Brown Sherman (Mrs. Watts Sherman), Newport and New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Block-fronted case furniture-that is, pieces with fa\u00e7ades that vary in the plane of their relief by extending forward at the sides and receding in the center-decorated with carved shell ornaments, has long been among the most admired of 18th-century American furniture. The sophisticated examples of such pieces were presumed to have been made in Newport, Rhode Island, particularly by members of the Townsend and Goddard families. However, recent scholarship convincingly hypothesizes that some of the finest pieces of this type of furniture were, in fact, made in Providence, Rhode Island-many of them, such as this chest, for members of the Brown family, inhabitants of that city. This piece was probably made for either Nicholas Brown (1729-1791) or, more likely, his son Nicholas Brown Jr. (1769-1841). The museum's chest-on-chest can be related stylistically and technically to other Providence pieces, but it is not yet clear who made them. Members of two cabinetmaking families, the Carliles and the Rawsons, are among the most likely candidates.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759419"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.170-chest-on-chest"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \u201cA Townsend-Goddard Chest-on-Chest.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 8 (October 1977): 276\u2013283.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 276-283, figs. 1, 3, 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159544"}, {"citation": "Kane, Patricia E. Art & Industry in Early America: Rhode Island Furniture, 1650-1830. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 321, no. 63", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.170", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.170/1976.170_web.jpg", "width": "596", "height": "893", "filesize": "242718", "filename": "1976.170_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.170/1976.170_print.jpg", "width": "2268", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3400043", "filename": "1976.170_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.170/1976.170_full.tif", "width": "3335", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50084500", "filename": "1976.170_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Moselle Taylor Meals", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 148728, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:28.298000"}, {"id": 160858, "accession_number": "1999.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portraits of Cho Hyun-myeong and Cho Jae-ho (\uc870\ud604\uba85\u00b7\uc870\uc7ac\ud638 \ucd08\uc0c1 [\u8d99\u986f\u547d\u00b7\u8d99\u8f09\u6d69\u8096\u50cf]), early 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Pair of album paintings; ink and color on silk; image: 35.6 x 27.3 cm (14 x 10 3/4 in.); mounted: 44.4 x 33.2 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1999.15", "current_location": null, "title": "Portraits of Cho Hyun-myeong and Cho Jae-ho", "title_in_original_language": "\uc870\ud604\uba85\u00b7\uc870\uc7ac\ud638 \ucd08\uc0c1 [\u8d99\u986f\u547d\u00b7\u8d99\u8f09\u6d69\u8096\u50cf]", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1840, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Pair of album paintings; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 35.6 x 27.3 cm (14 x 10 3/4 in.); Mounted: 44.4 x 33.2 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.356, "width": 0.273}, "mounted": {"height": 0.444, "width": 0.332}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art (June 12, 2013-January 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-06-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(M. Richard Fish [1941\u20132018], Massachusetts sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These two men belonged to the Pungyang Cho Clan, one of the most important political power houses in 18th-century Korea.", "description": "These two portraits are of members of the Cho family, which originated from the area of Pungyang. Cho Jae-ho (1702-1762) on the left is the cousin of Cho Hyun-myeong on the right. Both were High State Councilors, called yeong-uijeong, and the Cho family ordered these two portraits as a family honor. Korean portraits were copied for sharing at each family Confucian ritual; similar portraits are still in the collection of the Cho family in Korea.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477712"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.15-portraits-of-cho-hyu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Korea portraits from the collection of the National Museum [\ud55c\uad6d\uc758\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 : \uad6d\ub9bd\uc911\uc559\ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc18c\uc7a5\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ud2b9\ubcc4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Portrait Paintings in Korea [\ud55c\uad6d\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c]. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi Tae-ho. \"Portrait of Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654].\" Misulsa Yeongu: Journal of Art History, vol. 12 (December, 1998): 207\u2013224.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE00195368"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik and Tae-ho Yi. \"Image of Figure, Image of Mind: The Portrait of Gentleman in Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u5716\u50cf\uacfc \u5fc3\u50cf: \uc870\uc120 \uc911\ud6c4\uae30 \uc120\ube44 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u4fee\u5df1\u7684 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubcf8 \u518d\u73fe\u7684 \u5716\u50cf\uc758 \u5be6\u5b58\u7684 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc131\ucc30].\" Art History, vol. 15 (August 2001): 7\u201355.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE00758188"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik. \"The Hair and Eye Ritual Assumption and Modelistio Theme for Portraits of the Joseon Dynasty [\ud138\uacfc \ub208: \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u796d\u5100\u7684 \u547d\u984c\uc640 \u9020\u5f62\u7684 \u8ab2\u984c].\" Korean Journal of Art History (December 2005): 95\u2013129.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00999447"}, {"citation": "Portraits of the Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Great Korean Portraits. Seoul: Dolbegae Publishers, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik. \"Five Codes for the Reading Portraits of Joseon [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ub97c \uc77d\ub294 \ub2e4\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \ucf54\ub4dc].\" Misulsahakbo: Reviews on the Art History, no. 38 (June 2012): 135\u2013183.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01889721"}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Yon-suk. \"Formation of DaeChongChung of Poongyang Cho Family and Publication of Family Genealogy during the 18th and 19th Centuries [18\u223c19\uc138\uae30 \ud48d\uc591\uc870\uc528\uc758 \ub300\uc885\uc911 \ud615\uc131\uacfc \uc871\ubcf4\uac04\ud589].\" Journal of Korean Classics, vol. 43 (June, 2014): 335\u2013370.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE02437306"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15/1999.15_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "575", "filesize": "249895", "filename": "1999.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15/1999.15_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2174", "filesize": "3346503", "filename": "1999.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15/1999.15_full.tif", "width": "9442", "height": "6037", "filesize": "171030184", "filename": "1999.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-08T19:39:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.15/1999.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "197758"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.15/1999.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2617", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3005594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.15/1999.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4646", "height": "6037", "filesize": "84169660"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160858, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cho Chae-ho, Duke of Pung won (born im-o)", "Double Portrait; Cho Chae-ho, Duke of Pung won (born im-o) and Cho Hyun-myong, Duke of Pung won (born simmi)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:51.529000"}, {"id": 160860, "accession_number": "1999.15.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cho Jae-ho from Punhyang Cho Family (\uc870\uc7ac\ud638 \ucd08\uc0c1 [\u8d99\u8f09\u6d69\u8096\u50cf]), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Album painting, ink and color on silk; image: 35.6 x 27.3 cm (14 x 10 3/4 in.); mounted: 44.4 x 33.2 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1999.15.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Cho Jae-ho from Punhyang Cho Family", "title_in_original_language": "\uc870\uc7ac\ud638 \ucd08\uc0c1 [\u8d99\u8f09\u6d69\u8096\u50cf]", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "album painting, ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 35.6 x 27.3 cm (14 x 10 3/4 in.); Mounted: 44.4 x 33.2 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.356, "width": 0.273}, "mounted": {"height": 0.444, "width": 0.332}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238). The Cleveland Museum of Art (June 12, 2013-January 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-06-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(M. Richard Fish [1941\u20132018], Massachusetts sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These two men belonged to the Pungyang Cho Clan, one of the most important political power houses in 18th-century Korea.", "description": "These two portraits are of members of the Cho family, which originated from the area of Pungyang. Cho Jae-ho (1702-1762) on the left is the cousin of Cho Hyun-myeong on the right. Both were High State Councilors, called yeong-uijeong, and the Cho family ordered these two portraits as a family honor. Korean portraits were copied for sharing at each family Confucian ritual; similar portraits are still in the collection of the Cho family in Korea.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477720"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.15.2-cho-jae-ho-from-punh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Korea portraits from the collection of the National Museum [\ud55c\uad6d\uc758\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 : \uad6d\ub9bd\uc911\uc559\ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc18c\uc7a5\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ud2b9\ubcc4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Portrait Paintings in Korea [\ud55c\uad6d\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c]. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi Tae-ho. \"Portrait of Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654].\" Misulsa Yeongu: Journal of Art History, vol. 12 (December, 1998): 207\u2013224.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE00195368"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik and Tae-ho Yi. \"Image of Figure, Image of Mind: The Portrait of Gentleman in Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u5716\u50cf\uacfc \u5fc3\u50cf: \uc870\uc120 \uc911\ud6c4\uae30 \uc120\ube44 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u4fee\u5df1\u7684 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubcf8 \u518d\u73fe\u7684 \u5716\u50cf\uc758 \u5be6\u5b58\u7684 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc131\ucc30].\" Art History, vol. 15 (August 2001): 7\u201355.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE00758188"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik. \"The Hair and Eye Ritual Assumption and Modelistio Theme for Portraits of the Joseon Dynasty [\ud138\uacfc \ub208: \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc758 \u796d\u5100\u7684 \u547d\u984c\uc640 \u9020\u5f62\u7684 \u8ab2\u984c].\" Korean Journal of Art History (December 2005): 95\u2013129.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00999447"}, {"citation": "Portraits of the Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. Great Korean Portraits. Seoul: Dolbegae Publishers, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kang, Kwan-sik. \"Five Codes for the Reading Portraits of Joseon [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ub97c \uc77d\ub294 \ub2e4\uc12f \uac00\uc9c0 \ucf54\ub4dc].\" Misulsahakbo: Reviews on the Art History, no. 38 (June 2012): 135\u2013183.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01889721"}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Yon-suk. \"Formation of DaeChongChung of Poongyang Cho Family and Publication of Family Genealogy during the 18th and 19th Centuries [18\u223c19\uc138\uae30 \ud48d\uc591\uc870\uc528\uc758 \ub300\uc885\uc911 \ud615\uc131\uacfc \uc871\ubcf4\uac04\ud589].\" Journal of Korean Classics, vol. 43 (June, 2014): 335\u2013370.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE02437306"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.15.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15.2/1999.15.2_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "118553", "filename": "1999.15.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15.2/1999.15.2_print.jpg", "width": "2629", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2187359", "filename": "1999.15.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.15.2/1999.15.2_full.tif", "width": "4709", "height": "6088", "filesize": "86028416", "filename": "1999.15.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160860, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1999.15", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cho Hyun-myong, Duke of Pung won (born simmi)", "Double Portrait; Cho Chae-ho, Duke of Pung won (born im-o) and Cho Hyun-myong, Duke of Pung won (born simmi)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:53.707000"}, {"id": 96519, "accession_number": "1916.280", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendants, 1800s. India, Delhi. Gilt silver with diamonds, emeralds, rubies, pearls, and enamel. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.280", "current_location": null, "title": "Pendants", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1916, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Delhi"], "technique": "Gilt silver with diamonds, emeralds, rubies, pearls, and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Jewelry", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 708076, "title": "East Indian Art", "description": "East Indian Art. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (February 10-March 29, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355438, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Jewelry of India", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Jewelry of India. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23, 2023-February 4, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The fish are crystal on one side and emerald on the other.", "description": "Worn either as earrings or pendants from a crown, these double-sided, symmetrical jeweled assemblages each feature a fish as the central ornament. The pair of fish is one of a set of eight auspicious symbols known in Indian art for more than two millennia. As creatures of the waters that are essential for life, they betoken fertility and abundance\u2014attributes of an ideal ruler.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79479526"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.280-pendants"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.280", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.280/1916.280_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "272745", "filename": "1916.280_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.280/1916.280_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2547", "filesize": "2251268", "filename": "1916.280_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.280/1916.280_full.tif", "width": "10595", "height": "7936", "filesize": "252273408", "filename": "1916.280_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-11-04T17:46:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.280/1916.280_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "631", "filesize": "261039"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.280/1916.280_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2382", "filesize": "2058254"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.280/1916.280_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10882", "height": "7624", "filesize": "248920412"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96519, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:32.786000"}, {"id": 111690, "accession_number": "1930.219", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Takigawa of the \u014cgiya from the series A Selection of Eastern Beauties (\u543e\u59bb\u7f8e\u4eba\u3091\u3089\u307f\u3000\u6247\u5c4b\u5185\u6edd\u5ddd), c. 1798. Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806). Color woodblock print; sheet: 33 x 22.3 cm (13 x 8 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.219", "current_location": null, "title": "Takigawa of the \u014cgiya from the series A Selection of Eastern Beauties", "title_in_original_language": "\u543e\u59bb\u7f8e\u4eba\u3091\u3089\u307f\u3000\u6247\u5c4b\u5185\u6edd\u5ddd", "creation_date": "c. 1798", "creation_date_earliest": 1793, "creation_date_latest": 1803, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 33 x 22.3 cm (13 x 8 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.33, "width": 0.223}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Utamaro hitsu", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357023, "title": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 5-October 28, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312516, "title": "Japanese Hair Ornaments, Pouches and Toilet Articles", "description": "Japanese Hair Ornaments, Pouches and Toilet Articles. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 16-November 1, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-10-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art; December 12, 2004- April 10, 2005. \"Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections\".", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(S. H. Mori, Chicago, IL)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward L. Whittemore [1862\u20131930], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2173.1928"], "did_you_know": "Takigawa became the most senior courtesan of the \u014cgiya following the retirement of Hana\u014dgi.", "description": "The courtesan Takigawa worked for the \u014cgiya, \"House of Fans\" brothel, one of the most prestigious in the Yoshiwara. Here, she smokes tobacco, a fashionable trend in 18th-century Edo. Fashion-conscious women in Edo purchased prints of the most famous beauties just as contemporary women buy fashion magazines to learn about the latest styles in make-up and hair. The strands of hair at her temple were printed from thin pieces of wood left in relief when the areas on either side of them were carved away.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004105"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.219-takigawa-of-the-ogiy"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.219", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.219/1930.219_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "900", "filesize": "190126", "filename": "1930.219_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.219/1930.219_print.jpg", "width": "2345", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2625646", "filename": "1930.219_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.219/1930.219_full.tif", "width": "5129", "height": "7436", "filesize": "114447884", "filename": "1930.219_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.219/1930.219_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "607", "height": "893", "filesize": "419691"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.219/1930.219_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2310", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5242680"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1930.219/1930.219_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3273", "height": "4818", "filesize": "47338104"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111690, "creators": [{"id": 23355, "description": "Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u559c\u591a\u5ddd \u6b4c\u9ebf", "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1793, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1798", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:43.328000"}, {"id": 133655, "accession_number": "1956.274", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Los Caprichos: When Day Breaks We Will Be Off, Plate 71, 1799. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828). Etching and aquatint; image: 17.3 x 12.7 cm (6 13/16 x 5 in.); plate: 19.7 x 14.9 cm (7 3/4 x 5 7/8 in.); sheet: 32 x 22.4 cm (12 5/8 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1956.274", "current_location": null, "title": "When Day Breaks We Will Be Off, Plate 71", "series": "Los Caprichos", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "etching and aquatint", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 17.3 x 12.7 cm (6 13/16 x 5 in.); Plate: 19.7 x 14.9 cm (7 3/4 x 5 7/8 in.); Sheet: 32 x 22.4 cm (12 5/8 x 8 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.173, "width": 0.127}, "plate": {"height": 0.197, "width": 0.149}, "sheet": {"height": 0.32, "width": 0.224}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": "First Edition", "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309649, "title": "Goya, Gericault and Delacroix", "description": "Goya, Gericault and Delacroix. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-April 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309877, "title": "Nocturnal Impressions", "description": "Nocturnal Impressions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 12, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318307, "title": "A Lasting Impression: Gifts of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "A Lasting Impression: Gifts of the Print Club of Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 5-September 22, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-05-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Erhard Weyhe, New York, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1956-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Francisco de Goya gave each of the prints in Los Caprichos, including this one, intentionally cryptic titles.", "description": "Francisco de Goya used printmaking to explore subjects that stirred controversy when represented in more public media, such as oil painting. This print belongs to Los Caprichos, a series of enigmatic images that critique the hypocrisy and irrationality the artist observed throughout contemporary Spanish society. Here, a group of witches prepares to fly without broomsticks or sight, suggesting ignorance and obliviousness. The dense and starry sky behind them was created using layers of aquatint\u2014a technique that Goya was among the earliest and most expert artists to adopt.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026018"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.274-when-day-breaks-we-w"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Harris 106, 1st. edition, 1799; Perez Sanchez and Gallego p. 77 no. 71", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.274", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.274/1956.274_web.jpg", "width": "636", "height": "893", "filesize": "409077", "filename": "1956.274_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.274/1956.274_print.jpg", "width": "2423", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6387402", "filename": "1956.274_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.274/1956.274_full.tif", "width": "3683", "height": "5167", "filesize": "57121296", "filename": "1956.274_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133655, "creators": [{"id": 2386, "description": "Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-08-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1799, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1799", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:09.749000"}, {"id": 140406, "accession_number": "1964.35", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Necklace, c. 1775\u201395. England or France. Gold, silver and brilliants; part 1: 29.6 cm (11 5/8 in.); part 2: 12.1 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1964.35", "current_location": null, "title": "Necklace", "creation_date": "c. 1775\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England or France"], "technique": "gold, silver and brilliants", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Part 1: 29.6 cm (11 5/8 in.); Part 2: 12.1 cm (4 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"length": 0.296}, "part 2": {"length": 0.121}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 293300, "title": "Wow Factor: 150 Years of Collecting Bold Clothes", "description": "Wow Factor: 150 Years of Collecting Bold Clothes. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 28, 2017-April 22, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-04-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH (4/28/2017 \u2013 4/22/2018): \"Wow Factor: 150 Years of Collecting Bold Clothes\"", "opening_date": "2017-04-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Severance A. Millikin [1903-1989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1964", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This type of necklace, with its single large pendant, is known as a lavalier and was popular among aristocratic women during the 1700s. Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, was known to have several necklaces of this type.", "description": "Throughout the 1700s, the growing trade for personal luxury objects transformed the material culture surrounding marriage and courtship. Gifts such as perfume, sheet music, books, textiles, portrait miniatures, and jewelry often demonstrated the status of the gift giver and their investment in the relationship. While intended to be seen and admired, this glittering and ostentatious necklace disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or the shop where it was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80038541"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.35-necklace"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.35", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.35/1964.35_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "900", "filesize": "114725", "filename": "1964.35_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.35/1964.35_print.jpg", "width": "2225", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1040027", "filename": "1964.35_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.35/1964.35_full.tif", "width": "5107", "height": "7803", "filesize": "119592104", "filename": "1964.35_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140406, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-02-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:58.628000"}, {"id": 142836, "accession_number": "1966.515", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant with Chain, 1700s. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur. Gold, emerald, diamonds, enamel, and pearl; overall: 7.4 x 4.8 cm (2 15/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Anne Jessop Smith, 1966.515", "current_location": null, "title": "Pendant with Chain", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur"], "technique": "Gold, emerald, diamonds, enamel, and pearl", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 7.4 x 4.8 cm (2 15/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.074, "width": 0.048}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "Year in Review: 1967. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350154, "title": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2019-April 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anne Thomas Jessop Smith [1902\u20131964], Gates Mills, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bright color of the emerald indicates it was sourced in South America.", "description": "The central emerald has been subtly incised with a many-petaled lotus flower, a symbol of the sun, suggesting the radiance of the outsize gem. The enameling on the back depicts a peacock with a pair of peahens amid flowers. Peacocks signal the monsoon rains. The refined use of enamel indicates that this piece was assembled in the specialized workshops of Jaipur, but the size of the emerald suggests that it was made for imperial use.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778983"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.515-pendant", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.515-pendant-with-chain"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.515", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.515/1966.515_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "900", "filesize": "125492", "filename": "1966.515_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.515/1966.515_print.jpg", "width": "2588", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1218462", "filename": "1966.515_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.515/1966.515_full.tif", "width": "5269", "height": "6922", "filesize": "109444824", "filename": "1966.515_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Anne Jessop Smith", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142836, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:50.153000"}, {"id": 170893, "accession_number": "2013.352", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Radha and Krishna meet in the forest during a storm, c. 1770. India, Bengal, Mughal, 18th century. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 26.1 x 37.4 cm (10 1/4 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.352", "current_location": null, "title": "Radha and Krishna meet in the forest during a storm", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Bengal, Mughal, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 26.1 x 37.4 cm (10 1/4 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.261, "width": 0.374}, "painting only": {"height": 0.207, "width": 0.216}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "\"Indian Miniature Paintings in West Coast Private Collections,\" Society for Asian Art, De Young Museum, San Francisco (1964)", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Vishnu: Hinduism's Blue-Skinned Savior,\" Frist Center, Nashville; Brooklyn Museum (2011)", "opening_date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (07/31/2016-10/23/2016); Art and Stories from Mughal India, cat. 95, p. 273.", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The belly of the white cow has been colored orange with henna.", "description": "This painting depicts the Hindu deity Krishna as a youth among the villagers of the cowherding community where he grew up. Drawn to him, the women hurry to hold a coverlet over him in protection from the rain, not realizing that he is able to lift a mountain to shield them all. Birds and monkeys populate the trees, and a Hindu temple and palace buildings stand in the background. This vibrant work was probably made for an aristocratic Hindu ruler of territories in eastern India during the period when Mughal artists dispersed from the imperial center after the invasion of Delhi in 1739.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482312"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.352-radha-and-krishna-me"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.352", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.352/2013.352_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "862", "filesize": "377259", "filename": "2013.352_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.352/2013.352_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3258", "filesize": "4266161", "filename": "2013.352_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.352/2013.352_full.tif", "width": "6262", "height": "6001", "filesize": "112771000", "filename": "2013.352_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-20T10:55:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.352/2013.352_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "639", "filesize": "300705"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.352/2013.352_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2414", "filesize": "3352848"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.352/2013.352_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7254", "height": "5150", "filesize": "112109996"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-20T12:27:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.352/2013.352_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "316321"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.352/2013.352_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3161969"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.352/2013.352_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144035012"}}], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170893, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:01.279000"}, {"id": 120837, "accession_number": "1941.561", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman , late 1790s. Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed reverse; framed: 8.5 x 7.2 cm (3 3/8 x 2 13/16 in.); sight: 8 x 6.5 cm (3 1/8 x 2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.561", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman ", "creation_date": "late 1790s", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th -19th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed reverse", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.5 x 7.2 cm (3 3/8 x 2 13/16 in.); Sight: 8 x 6.5 cm (3 1/8 x 2 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.085, "width": 0.072}, "sight": {"height": 0.08, "width": 0.065}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leopold C. Davis, London, England, sold to Edward B. Greene.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1927", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A sticker attached to the back says \u201cCountess Orford\"; however, the sitter cannot be her since the Earl of Orford died without issue in 1797 and the title expired with his death.", "description": "This unknown sitter has greenish-gray eyes and curly brown hair falling to the back of her neck. She wears a white lace-bordered mob cap with a bow at the top and ruffle under the chin. Her brown dress of dotted Swiss cotton has a narrow white collar. Handwoven during this period, dotted Swiss was a delicate fabric used for summer dresses. Both the Swiss dot gown and the mob cap give the sitter a casual, country air at odds with the approaching vogue for dressing in a style more classically inspired. The background sky is light blue and gray, with crosshatching increasingly worked increasingly close to the figure. The color palette is confined to browns and muddy blues. This miniature, painted close to 1800, is a charming example of Andrew Plimer\u2019s doll aesthetic, seen in the sitter\u2019s round face, tiny mouth, and large eyes. Plimer was an extremely prolific artist, which helps account for the fact that many of his female sitters look alike.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016493"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.561-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 30, pl. XXII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n69"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 300", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.83, Reproduced: p.76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 57, pp. 226-228", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.561", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.561/1941.561_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "91425", "filename": "1941.561_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.561/1941.561_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "998838", "filename": "1941.561_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.561/1941.561_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022028", "filename": "1941.561_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-03T16:04:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "405450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2598", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4846597"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3820", "height": "5000", "filesize": "57332228"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T18:15:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "467476"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2951", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5510736"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3717", "height": "4283", "filesize": "47790140"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-08T19:51:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "101708"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "996209"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.561/1941.561_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120837, "creators": [{"id": 3718, "description": "Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1763", "death_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1790s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:57.065000"}, {"id": 123413, "accession_number": "1943.644", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, called Mrs. Close, 1786. Horace Hone (British, 1756\u20131825). Watercolor on ivory in an ormolu frame; framed: 8.9 x 7.5 cm (3 1/2 x 2 15/16 in.); sight: 6.5 x 5.2 cm (2 9/16 x 2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1943.644", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman, called Mrs. Close", "creation_date": "1786", "creation_date_earliest": 1786, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in an ormolu frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.9 x 7.5 cm (3 1/2 x 2 15/16 in.); Sight: 6.5 x 5.2 cm (2 9/16 x 2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.089, "width": 0.075}, "sight": {"height": 0.065, "width": 0.052}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right: HH / 1786 [HH in monogram]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1943", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist, Horace Hone, signed the miniature in the lower right with the monogram HH.", "description": "The sitter of this portrait has been called \u201cMrs. Close\u201d at least from 1929, when Edward Greene purchased the miniature from the dealer Leo Schidlof. The reason for this identification is, however, unknown, as there is no inscribed reference to Mrs. Close on the miniature or any of its supporting materials. Like so many of Horace Hone\u2019s female sitters, her gown and hair are ornamented with strands of pearls, and she is set against an olive green background. Her brown, curly hair falls over her shoulders, dressed high with a pearl ornament on the right side. She has large, dark brown eyes and rosy cheeks and wears a plum-colored dress with a lace fichu around the neckline. The sitter also dons a miniature with the portrait turned toward her chest, exposing the back, which is ornamented with plaited hair. It is noteworthy that the miniature appears this way; even if it had been facing forward, its portrait would not have been legible to the viewer. The decision to place the back foremost underscores the highly private nature of the miniature portrait and its significance for the sitter, who was perhaps accustomed to wearing her miniature with the portrait turned toward her body. This manner of wearing miniatures was adopted by both men and women and was a popular vignette in sentimental novels and poems of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900589"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.644-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, no. 19, pl. XIX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 292", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 52, pp. 212-214", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.644", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.644/1943.644_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "119304", "filename": "1943.644_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.644/1943.644_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1442176", "filename": "1943.644_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.644/1943.644_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021704", "filename": "1943.644_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-09-25T13:13:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "893", "filesize": "479058"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2582", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6061075"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3797", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56989336"}}, {"date_created": "2008-09-26T19:50:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "432447"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5688406"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3618", "height": "4824", "filesize": "52400828"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-05T19:24:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "90343"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1000914"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.644/1943.644_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021732"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123413, "creators": [{"id": 3733, "description": "Horace Hone (British, 1756\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Horace Hone was a miniature painter, enameler, and engraver trained at the Royal Academy Schools in London and by his father, the Irish painter Nathaniel Hone (1718\u20131784). Horace worked in Dublin from 1782 until moving back to London around 1804, after the union of England and Ireland brought about the emigration of much of his clientele. He was appointed miniature painter to the Prince of Wales (the future king George IV) in 1795 and painted elite members of society, including the politician Charles James Fox and the theater doyenne Sarah Siddons. Hone was a friend of the famous diarist Joseph Farington, who wrote in 1795 of Hone\u2019s receiving 12 guineas for painting a portrait for which the sitter\u2019s wife was going to spend \u00a3300 on the setting. This payment suggests that in the 1790s, when his practice was thriving, Hone\u2019s rates were similar to those charged by his successful contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u2013 1829) and Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821).3 By the 1810s, however, Hone was suffering from mental illness, his practice was in decline, and he was sufficiently financially desperate to appeal to the Royal Academy for charity on several occasions between 1814 and 1821. Hone was appointed an associate member of the Royal Academy in 1779 and exhibited at twenty-nine of its annual exhibitions between 1772 and 1822. The quality of his miniatures varies widely, but his best works are vibrantly colored and minutely worked, suggesting psychological depth and intimacy without being cloying. His work in enamel is rare but often regarded as superior to his portraits in watercolor on ivory. Indeed, the enamels less often fell victim to the redundancy and haste of execution evidenced in many of the ivories. Hone is known especially for his elegant portraits of women, who were frequently placed against a golden olive brown background and exhibit the artist\u2019s distinctive dark eyes, rosy cheeks, and painting of individual eyelashes. The Cleveland Museum of Art possesses two portraits on ivory by Hone, each dating from the mid-1780s, when he was a young artist enjoying success in Dublin. Both works depict fashionably dressed women wearing large portrait miniatures.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1756", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1786, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1786", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:44.546000"}, {"id": 123418, "accession_number": "1943.649", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, 1790s. Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837). Watercolor on ivory in a period gold frame; framed: 8.4 x 6.8 cm (3 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.); sight: 7.1 x 6 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1943.649", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "1790s", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period gold frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.4 x 6.8 cm (3 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.); Sight: 7.1 x 6 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.084, "width": 0.068}, "sight": {"height": 0.071, "width": 0.06}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sale: Christie's London, November 1929).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-1943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The miniature remains in its original gold frame, which has a curl of dark brown hair over blue glass on the back.", "description": "This sitter has curly hair falling around her neck and into which are woven two pearl ornaments. She wears a plain, low-neck white dress. Usually made of lightweight cotton muslin and high-waisted, this type of dress became popular at the end of the eighteenth century and was intended to refer to classical antiquity. Similar garments are worn by many of the female sitters depicted by Andrew Plimer during this period. The background is a blue-gray sky with prominent gray crosshatching. This miniature is an accomplished example of Plimer\u2019s work, with the sitter\u2019s features soft but individualized and not given over to the doll-like caricature that appears in the artist\u2019s other portraits of this date. The work is unsigned, as was typical for Plimer at this time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900604"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.649-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 28, pl. XXI", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n67"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 55, pp. 222-223", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.649", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.649/1943.649_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "83713", "filename": "1943.649_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.649/1943.649_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "966230", "filename": "1943.649_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.649/1943.649_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023880", "filename": "1943.649_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-02T16:58:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "401281"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2551", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4968951"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3649", "height": "4864", "filesize": "53277640"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T18:11:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "422182"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2788", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4884595"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3395", "height": "4140", "filesize": "42196132"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-07T20:49:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "95767"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1060413"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1943.649/1943.649_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022064"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123418, "creators": [{"id": 3718, "description": "Andrew Plimer (British, 1763\u20131837)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1763", "death_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1790s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lady in a White Dress"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:30.591000"}, {"id": 130598, "accession_number": "1953.320", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Panel from a Head Covering (\u2018Ajar), probably 1800s or early 1900s. Africa, North Africa, Tunisia, probably Testour or Tunis, Tunisian weaver. Silk, metal, dye; overall: 117.2 x 53.4 cm (46 1/8 x 21 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1953.320", "current_location": null, "title": "Panel from a Head Covering (\u2018Ajar)", "creation_date": "probably 1800s or early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Tunisia, probably Testour or Tunis, Tunisian weaver"], "technique": "Silk, metal, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 117.2 x 53.4 cm (46 1/8 x 21 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.172, "width": 0.534}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 669620, "title": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry", "description": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 2024-October 12, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-11-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Jose Vi\u00f1as, Barcelona, Spain, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The khamsah (\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629), an open five-fingered hand, is a protective motif. It is woven in red in multiple ways on this panel.", "description": "This panel was part of an urban Tunisian woman\u2019s head-covering (\u2018ajar). Two such panels flanked a face-obscuring black panel. Such luxurious garments of seclusion were once reserved for elites. The decorative panels draped down when worn, showing off the finely woven motifs and demonstrating the wearer\u2019s family wealth. Arranged in bands, motifs include stylized trees (or protective hands), flowers, eight-pointed stars, and geometric designs. The mirrored Kufic (squared Arabic script) lettering in teal is likely the name of the weaver or panel owner. Weavers with Muslim Andalusian (southern Spanish) heritage originally made these, drawing from Andalusian and Turkish motifs; later, workshops in Tunis produced them.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912524"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.320-panel-from-a-head-co"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chakerian, Peter. \u201c'Maghreb' sews artistic traditions of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.\u201d The Plain Dealer (Friday, November 1, 2024): D1, D5.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gebremedhen, Helina. \u201cArts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry \u2013 Curatorial Reflections.\u201d Journal 18, Issue #19 (Spring 2025).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.journal18.org/19-africa/arts-of-the-maghreb-north-african-textiles-and-jewelry-curatorial-reflections/"}, {"citation": "Gillow, John. African Textiles: Colour and Creativity Across a Continent. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"Textile stories from North Africa.\" HALI 224 (Summer 2025): 54-61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, fig. 6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.320", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.320/1953.320_web.jpg", "width": "467", "height": "900", "filesize": "292325", "filename": "1953.320_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.320/1953.320_print.jpg", "width": "1765", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2891239", "filename": "1953.320_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.320/1953.320_full.tif", "width": "6191", "height": "11924", "filesize": "221493832", "filename": "1953.320_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-10T15:16:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "451", "height": "900", "filesize": "302041"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1702", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2690400"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3262", "height": "6517", "filesize": "63801416"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-10T15:23:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "420147"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5755232"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99888756"}}, {"date_created": "2024-02-05T15:53:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "471", "height": "900", "filesize": "293511"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1781", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2862749"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6217", "height": "11871", "filesize": "221435108"}}, {"date_created": "2024-02-05T16:04:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "517", "filesize": "316655"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1953", "filesize": "4532035"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1953.320/1953.320_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13771", "height": "7909", "filesize": "326774368"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130598, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-07-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 1800s or early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Length of Textile"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:45.966000"}, {"id": 143304, "accession_number": "1967.239", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Heroine Who is Faithfully Loved: Madhya Svadhinapatika Nayika, from a Rasamanjari of Bhanudatta, c. 1710. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 17 x 26.8 cm (6 11/16 x 10 9/16 in.); overall: 20.5 x 28.2 cm (8 1/16 x 11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee, 1967.239", "current_location": null, "title": "The Heroine Who is Faithfully Loved: Madhya Svadhinapatika Nayika, from a Rasamanjari of Bhanudatta", "creation_date": "c. 1710", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1715, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 17 x 26.8 cm (6 11/16 x 10 9/16 in.); Overall: 20.5 x 28.2 cm (8 1/16 x 11 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.17, "width": 0.268}, "overall": {"height": 0.205, "width": 0.282}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Madhy\u0101 Sv\u0101dh\u012bnapatik\u0101", "inscription_translation": "Heroine whose husband is faithfully devoted to her", "inscription_remark": "The term Madhya suggests that her timidity and ardent desire for lovemaking share a delicate balance, neither overpowering the other.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "Madhy\u0101 Sv\u0101dh\u012bnapatik\u0101\njadapi rati mahotsave nak\u0101ro jadapi kare\u1e47a ca n\u012bvi dh\u0101ra\u1e47\u0101ni. 70\ntadapi ca patirekh\u0101 p\u0101rasv\u0101de\u015ba\u1e41 sakhi nahi mu\u1e45cati takis\u0101car\u0101mi.", "inscription_translation": "In Takri script:\nHeroine whose husband is faithfully devoted to her. \nOh, my dearest confidant, amidst the ethereal embrace of night, I find myself compelled to voice my dissent. Though my resistance may be futile, I clutch the drawcord of my trousers in my trembling grasp. Alas, my beloved spouse remains steadfast by my side, unyielding in his presence. Pray, I beseech you, what course of action should I embark upon in this quandary that plagues my weary soul? [Verse number] 70.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "Aratha. Svadh\u012bnapatik\u0101 d\u0101 ud\u0101hara\u1e47a. N\u0101\u012bk\u0101 sakhiy\u0101 kane \u0101khad\u012b hai je hai sakhi sa\u1e41bhoga vikhe nahi\u1e45 nahi\u1e45 kard\u012b hathe kar\u012b n\u0101de pakad\u012b cha\u1e0dan\u012b ha\u1e45 t\u0101\u1e45 bh\u012b e mer\u0101 kh\u0101und mere vakhen nah\u012b\u1e45 cha\u1e0dad\u0101 hu\u1e45 s\u012bkh de jeu keh kar\u0101\u1e45", "inscription_translation": "In Takri script:\nExample of the Svadhinapatika. The nayika confides in her trusted confidant, \"Under the shroud of night, I persistently rebuff my husband's advances, my lips parting to utter the resolute 'no.' With steadfast determination, I tightly grasp the drawstring, yet this relentless consort of mine remains unyielding, clinging to my very being. Enlighten me, dear friend, for I beseech you, what further measures might I undertake?\u201d", "inscription_remark": "Translation of the Sanskrit text into the vernacular Pahari language", "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219969, "title": "Sakhi: Friend and Messenger in Rajput Painting", "description": "Sakhi: Friend and Messenger in Rajput Painting. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Washington, DC (March 8-July 6, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-03-08T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sherman Emory Lee [1918\u20132008] and Ruth Alida Ward Lee [1917\u20132011], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131967", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The man at right nervously grasps his scarf as he respectfully approaches his lover and her companion.", "description": "The heroine sits in front of the elongated red cushion, gesturing to her companion in conversation. She is trying to decide if she should agree to submit to her husband or continue to be coy. A verse from a Sanskrit poem by Bhanudatta Misra, who lived during the late 1400s to early 1500s in northeastern India, has been quoted on the back of the painting. The verse has been written both in Sanskrit using the Takri script of the Pahari region and in a local vernacular translation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469860"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.239-the-heroine-who-is-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n263"}, {"citation": "Dwivedi, Vinod P. \u201cA Rasamanjari Painting from Basohli.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 56, no. 7 (September 1969): 262\u2013268.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 265, fig. 3.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152284"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 308", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n328"}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 136, pp. 310\u2013312", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.239", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.239/1967.239_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "654", "filesize": "278455", "filename": "1967.239_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.239/1967.239_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2470", "filesize": "3891129", "filename": "1967.239_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.239/1967.239_full.tif", "width": "9234", "height": "6709", "filesize": "185883286", "filename": "1967.239_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-25T14:50:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "655", "filesize": "201752"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2476", "filesize": "2280829"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7307", "height": "5322", "filesize": "116697196"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-25T15:16:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "658", "filesize": "233404"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2487", "filesize": "2576759"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7635", "height": "5584", "filesize": "127933388"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-29T10:55:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "654", "filesize": "284880"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2470", "filesize": "4058069"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.239/1967.239_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9234", "height": "6709", "filesize": "185882174"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143304, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-01-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Angry Heroine. Page from Bhanu Datta's Rasamanjari", "The Heroine Who is Faithfully Loved: Leaf from a Rasamanjari"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 19:07:11.044000"}, {"id": 152823, "accession_number": "1985.71.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": " (\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a): Su Wu the Shepherd, 1788. Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.10", "current_location": null, "title": "Su Wu the Shepherd", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription by Min Chen on the last leaf:\r\n\r\nI have a habit of collecting strange rocks. My friend Tai-li shan-jen* treasures my paintings as much as I treasure strange rocks. Once we agreed to exchange what we love with each other. However, my busy activities have kept me from carrying this out. This summer I realized that this strange rock has been sitting in my studio for five years, so I painted this to fulfill my old promise. As a record, I chose the grotesque cliff in the last scene of this twelve-leaf album. Cheng-chai, Min Chen inscribed this on the sixth day of the sixth month [July 9] of the wu-shen year [1788].\r\n\r\n* Tai-li shan-jen is Wang Li [tzu: Li-fu] tr. Hou-mei Ishida\r\n\r\nSix seals appearing on the leaves:\r\n\r\nMin Chen, Cheng-chai, Ching-ch'iao, Chen, Liao-t'ang, Min Chen chih-yin.\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 21\u2013October 29, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 8\u2013November 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-11-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71j"], "did_you_know": "Su Wu \u8607\u6b66 (140-60 BC) endured hardships and became a humble shepherd in an alien land while remaining a loyal servitor of the Han dynasty.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen. This album demonstrates Min\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475729"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.10-su-wu-the-shepherd"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 462\u2013465", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.71.10", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_web.jpg", "width": "575", "height": "893", "filesize": "334103", "filename": "1985.71.10_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_print.jpg", "width": "2191", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4593930", "filename": "1985.71.10_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_full.tif", "width": "4331", "height": "6720", "filesize": "87334028", "filename": "1985.71.10_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-04-21T18:32:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "325123"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2118", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5838906"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3976", "height": "6382", "filesize": "76154828"}}, {"date_created": "2010-04-20T20:09:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "339156"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2192", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5657184"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71.10/1985.71.10_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4206", "height": "6521", "filesize": "82312460"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152823, "creators": [{"id": 31140, "description": "Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9594\u8c9e", "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1985.71", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Captive Su Wu Herding Sheep"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:36.663000"}, {"id": 152826, "accession_number": "1985.71.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": " (\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a): Lu Tong and Servant, 1788. Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Lu Tong and Servant", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 21\u2013October 29, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 8\u2013November 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-11-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71b"], "did_you_know": "Lu Tong (d. 835) was a Tang dynasty poet and tea aficionado.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen. This album demonstrates Min\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475739"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.2-lu-tong-and-servant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album leaf, ink on paper; sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71.9", "current_location": null, "title": "Peaches", "title_in_original_language": "\u6843\u5b50", "series_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription by Min Chen on the last leaf:\r\n\r\nI have a habit of collecting strange rocks. My friend Tai-li shan-jen* treasures my paintings as much as I treasure strange rocks. Once we agreed to exchange what we love with each other. However, my busy activities have kept me from carrying this out. This summer I realized that this strange rock has been sitting in my studio for five years, so I painted this to fulfill my old promise. As a record, I chose the grotesque cliff in the last scene of this twelve-leaf album. Cheng-chai, Min Chen inscribed this on the sixth day of the sixth month [July 9] of the wu-shen year [1788].\r\n\r\n* Tai-li shan-jen is Wang Li [tzu: Li-fu] tr. Hou-mei Ishida\r\n\r\nSix seals appearing on the leaves:\r\n\r\nMin Chen, Cheng-chai, Ching-ch'iao, Chen, Liao-t'ang, Min Chen chih-yin.\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29, 1999\u2013January 24, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 122 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 15, 2000\u2013March 26, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-11-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.71.i"], "did_you_know": "The peach is a symbol of immortality.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen. This album demonstrates Min\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475761"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71.9-peaches"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152833, "creators": [{"id": 31140, "description": "Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9594\u8c9e", "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1985.71", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Peaches of Immortality"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:56.923000"}, {"id": 154759, "accession_number": "1989.339", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna summoning the cows, c. 1780\u201390. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 24.3 x 27 cm (9 9/16 x 10 5/8 in.); with borders: 25.1 x 30.5 cm (9 7/8 x 12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.339", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna summoning the cows", "creation_date": "c. 1780\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 24.3 x 27 cm (9 9/16 x 10 5/8 in.); with borders: 25.1 x 30.5 cm (9 7/8 x 12 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.243, "width": 0.27}, "with borders": {"height": 0.251, "width": 0.305}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raja Anand Chand, Bilaspur, India", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(B. R. Sharma, New Delhi, India, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131967", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967\u20131989", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The river Jamma, also known as the Yamuna or Jumna, flows across the foreground.", "description": "As a child, Krishna grew up in a community of cow herders. He is distinguished as supernatural by his blue-colored skin and his ability to mystically draw the cows to the sound of his flute. 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Album leaf; ink and color on silk; painting only: 23.5 x 23.8 cm (9 1/4 x 9 3/8 in.); overall: 26.5 x 26.5 cm (10 7/16 x 10 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. 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Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 184, no. 114", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.69/1990.69_web.jpg", "width": "902", "height": "893", "filesize": "711377", "filename": "1990.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.69/1990.69_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3366", "filesize": "12088847", "filename": "1990.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.69/1990.69_full.tif", "width": "4265", "height": "4223", "filesize": "54063144", "filename": "1990.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski, 2004.110", "current_location": null, "title": "Sindhu Raga", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 48.1 x 27.9 cm (18 15/16 x 11 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.481, "width": 0.279}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302076, "title": "Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection", "description": "Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 14-February 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441124, "title": "Martial Art of India", "description": "Martial Art of India. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 21, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Bickford [1901\u20131991], Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Norman Zaworski [1920\u20132013], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132004", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Most of the warriors are on horseback and are armed with bows and arrows, swords, lances, and shields, as well as rifles. Two elephants appear in the foreground.", "description": "The inscription at the top identifies this painting as Sindhu Raga, which is the raga (or musical mode) of heroic sentiment. The painting is meant to elicit the same feelings in the viewer as a rousing piece of music played in the Sindhu key. Paintings of Sindhu Raga depict battle scenes. In this example, the composition conveys the chaotic melee and violence of war. Heads are being lopped off; carrion birds swoop down unfazed. Above the horizon against the sky at the far right is the god of war, Karttikeya, in his chariot. Three angels carry garlands for the dead.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480254"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2004.110-sindhu-raga"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 28; plate 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gangoly, O. C. [Ordhendra Coomar]. Ra\u0304gas & Ra\u0304gini\u0304s: A Pictorial & Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources. Calcutta: Kumar Printers, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. II, pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. Indian Art from the George P. Bickford Collection: Catalog. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "cat. no. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reddy, Ravinder. Arms & Armour of India, Nepal & Sri Lanka: Types, Decoration and Symbolism. London: Hali Publications, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2004.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.110/2004.110_web.jpg", "width": "546", "height": "900", "filesize": "351780", "filename": "2004.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.110/2004.110_print.jpg", "width": "2063", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3251397", "filename": "2004.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.110/2004.110_full.tif", "width": "7128", "height": "11745", "filesize": "251183741", "filename": "2004.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "532", "height": "893", "filesize": "460923"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2024", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5765256"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2977", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44688028"}}, {"date_created": "2014-04-21T13:11:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "508", "height": "900", "filesize": "236686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1918", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2436181"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4253", "height": "7539", "filesize": "96223912"}}, {"date_created": "2022-02-02T11:47:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "546", "height": "900", "filesize": "202059"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2063", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2103952"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2004.110/2004.110_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7128", "height": "11745", "filesize": "251179317"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163206, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2004-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:01.916000"}, {"id": 444766, "accession_number": "2021.132.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons (left screen) (\u56db\u5b63\u82b1\u6728\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), early to mid-1700s. Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755). Six-panel folding screen; ink, color, gold, silver, and gilding on paper; overall: 155 x 368.5 cm (61 x 145 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2021.132.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons (left screen)", "title_in_original_language": "\u56db\u5b63\u82b1\u6728\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "early to mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Six-panel folding screen; ink, color, gold, silver, and gilding on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 155 x 368.5 cm (61 x 145 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.55, "width": 3.685}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u59cb\u8208\u4e4b\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Seal of Shik\u014d", "inscription_remark": "Both screens are impressed with the artist's red seals with characters in reserve.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1868. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (November 15, 1998\u2013February 15, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\u6e21\u8fba\u59cb\u8208\u306e\u7d75\u753b [Paintings of Watanabe Shik\u014d]. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (December 18, 2018\u2013January 27, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One plant in these screens, tumeric, or ukon in Japanese, is found in Okinawa.", "description": "The painter Watanabe Shik\u014d had a special interest in scientific realism, based on interactions with his patron Konoe Iehiro. Shik\u014d combined his attention to accurate depiction of plants with strong ink outlines and decorative elements like gold and silver, arriving at an innovative style that influenced many of his peers in the city of Kyoto.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117246903"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2021.132.2-flowers-and-trees-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Takeuchi Misako, \u201cFlowers and Trees of the Four Seasons,\u201d in Takeuchi Misako, et al., \u7433\u6d3e : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u7f8e\u306e\u7d99\u627f - \u5b97\u9054, \u5149\u7433, \u62b1\u4e00, \u5176\u4e00 [= Rimpa: Succession of Beauty\u2014Sotatsu, Korin, Hoitsu, Kiitsu]. Nagoya: Nagoya City Museum, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 39, pp. 201\u2013202", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Takeuchi, Melinda. \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d (1683\u20131755): Flowers and Trees of the Four Seasons,\u201d in Singer, Robert T, John T Carpenter, et al., Japan Foundation, Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan., National Gallery of Art (U.S.). Edo, Art in Japan 1615-1868. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 162, p. 306\u2013307", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fukushi Yuya, \u201cWatanabe Shik\u014d hitsu: shiki s\u014dka zu by\u014dbu [Screens of Grasses and Flowers of the Four Seasons Painted by Watanabe Shik\u014d],\u201d in Kad\u014d: Ikenobo [Way of Flowers: Journal of the Ikenobo School of Ikebana], January 2019, pp. 56\u201357.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grant, Daniel. \"Top museum acquisitions : 2021 in review.\" Antiques & Fine Art 27, no.1 (Winter 2022): 64-73.", "page_number": "reproduction p.69; mentioned p.72", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2021.132.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "422", "filesize": "252157", "filename": "2021.132.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1594", "filesize": "2286916", "filename": "2021.132.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_full.tif", "width": "29937", "height": "14031", "filesize": "1260166456", "filename": "2021.132.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-11-30T16:30:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "900", "filesize": "322924"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2509", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3481330"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10039", "height": "13603", "filesize": "409709040"}}, {"date_created": "2021-12-01T12:28:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "900", "filesize": "360964"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2469", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3730213"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9864", "height": "13584", "filesize": "402006592"}}, {"date_created": "2021-12-01T13:03:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "900", "filesize": "335572"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2503", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3492472"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2021.132.2/2021.132.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9975", "height": "13549", "filesize": "405482040"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 444766, "creators": [{"id": 6037, "description": "Watanabe Shik\u014d (Japanese, 1683\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e21\u8fba \u59cb\u8208", "birth_year": "1683", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2021-09-13T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2021.132", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:45.206000"}, {"id": 126531, "accession_number": "1948.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rank Badge (buzi), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Silk, satin weave; silk embroidery; overall: 31.8 x 30.5 cm (12 1/2 x 12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1948.69", "current_location": null, "title": "Rank Badge (buzi)", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "silk, satin weave; silk embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 31.8 x 30.5 cm (12 1/2 x 12 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.318, "width": 0.305}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312081, "title": "A Study Exhibition of Chinese Textiles of the Ming and Ch'ing Periods", "description": "A Study Exhibition of Chinese Textiles of the Ming and Ch'ing Periods. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 1947-October 9, 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A rank badge with a crane indicates a first rank civil official.", "description": "Rank badges (also called rank insignia or Mandarin squares) were used in China during the Ming (1368\u20131644) and Qing (1644\u20131911) dynasties to demonstrate the wearer\u2019s rank. In 1391 new clothing regulations directed court officials to wear decorative squares indicating their rank\u2014birds for civil officials and animals for military officials. During the Qing dynasty rank badge design was regulated, and certain creatures were associated with specific ranks. Qing badges depict a representation of the universe with a landscape and a central creature, surrounded by clouds and facing the sun. The sun represented the emperor and this composition showed the official\u2019s loyalty to him. An official\u2019s wife wore rank badges that mirrored her husband\u2019s. Most of the examples in CMA\u2019s collection depict creatures facing a sun on the left. Attached to the front and back of a ceremonial robe, rank badges were woven in pairs with identical imagery. One was divided vertically up the center to attach to the front of a robe with a center opening. Rank badges are generally square or rectangular, although round examples exist. They are typically satin weave or slit tapestry weave (kesi) silk. Satin weave badges often have dark backgrounds with silk and/or metal thread embroidery. Some badges incorporate peacock feathers or beads. Late in the Qing dynasty appliqu\u00e9 replaced embroidery to allow for quicker production and a change in rank.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79906067"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.69-rank-badge-buzi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler. \u201cThe Development of the Mandarin Square.\u201d Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 8, no. 2 (1944): 71\u2013130.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler. \u201cEmbroidery Techniques in Old China.\u201d Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America 16 (1962): 16\u201340.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler. \u201cCostume in China, 1644 to 1912.\u201d Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 75, no. 326 (1979): 3\u201319.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cammann, Schuyler V.R.\" Other Mandarin Squares: Korean, Annamese and Unfamiliar Examples.\" Arts of Asia. [Kowloon, Hong Kong]: [Arts of Asia Publications], (March-April 1992).", "page_number": "p. 115-126", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u9999\u6e2f\u5e02\u653f\u5c40\u8207\u9999\u6e2f\u6771\u65b9\u9676\u74f7\u5b78\u6703\u5408\u8fa6 ; \u907c\u5be7\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5354\u8fa6 ; \u9999\u6e2f\u85dd\u8853\u9928\u7c4c\u5283 = Heavens' embroidered cloths : one thousand years of Chinese textiles / jointly presented by the Urban Council, Hong Kong and the Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong ; in association with the Liaoning Provincial Museum ; organized by the Hong Kong Museum of Art, Hong Kong. Urban Council, Hong Kong. Urban Council, Hong Kong Museum of Art, Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong, \u907c\u5be7\u7701\u535a\u7269\u9928, Hong Kong Museum of Art, Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong, and Liaoning Sheng bo wu guan. \u9326\u7e61\u7f85\u8863\u5de7\u5929\u5de5. Hong Kong: Urban Council, 1995.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wrigglesworth, Linda. \"Making the Grade\", the Badge of Rank III: Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties : December 4th to 24th 1996, London. London: Linda Wrigglesworth, 1996.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jackson, Beverley, and David Hugus. Ladder to the Clouds: Intrigue and Tradition in Chinese Rank. Berkeley, Calif: Ten Speed Press, 1999.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hall, Chris. Power Dressing: Textiles for Rulers and Priests from the Chris Hall Collection. Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watt, James C. Y. \u201cThe Giraffe As the Mythical Qilin in Chinese Art: A Painting and a Rank Badge in the Metropolitan Museum.\u201d Metropolitan Museum Journal 43 (2008).", "page_number": "p. 111\u201315", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.69/1948.69_web.jpg", "width": "856", "height": "893", "filesize": "819380", "filename": "1948.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.69/1948.69_print.jpg", "width": "3259", "height": "3400", "filesize": "10909416", "filename": "1948.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.69/1948.69_full.tif", "width": "4721", "height": "4925", "filesize": "69798408", "filename": "1948.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126531, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-05-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Insignia Square"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:28.402000"}, {"id": 111688, "accession_number": "1930.217", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Courtesans Kasugano and Utahama of Tamaya, from Courtesans of the Pleasure Quarters in Double Mirrors (\u9752\u697c\u904a\u541b\u5408\u93e1\u3000\u7389\u5c4b\u5185\u3000\u6625\u65e5\u91ce\u3000\u6b4c\u6d5c), c. 1800. Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806). Color woodblock print; 39.1 x 26.1 cm (15 3/8 x 10 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.217", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "The Courtesans Kasugano and Utahama of Tamaya, from Courtesans of the Pleasure Quarters in Double Mirrors", "title_in_original_language": "\u9752\u697c\u904a\u541b\u5408\u93e1\u3000\u7389\u5c4b\u5185\u3000\u6625\u65e5\u91ce\u3000\u6b4c\u6d5c", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "39.1 x 26.1 cm (15 3/8 x 10 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.391, "width": 0.261}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Utamaro hitsu.\nPublisher: Yamada.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312516, "title": "Japanese Hair Ornaments, Pouches and Toilet Articles", "description": "Japanese Hair Ornaments, Pouches and Toilet Articles. 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Italy, Brescia, 18th century. Steel, walnut and bone stock; overall: 48.3 cm (19 in.); barrel: 31.5 cm (12 3/8 in.); bore: 1.9 cm (3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.49", "current_location": "210C Firearms", "title": "Flintlock Pistol", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Brescia, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, walnut and bone stock", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 48.3 cm (19 in.); Barrel: 31.5 cm (12 3/8 in.); Bore: 1.9 cm (3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.483}, "barrel": {"length": 0.315}, "bore": {"width": 0.019}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on lock: Carlo Lerme Bc.\r\non barrel: Lazaro 1788", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. 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[Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (260) 287", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n513"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 151-152, F22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 173, cat. no. 215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Arms & Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96768, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:33.873000"}, {"id": 123529, "accession_number": "1944.126", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Firedogs, c. 1785. France, 18th century. Gilt bronze; overall: 50.3 x 46.3 x 14 cm (19 13/16 x 18 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.126", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Firedogs", "creation_date": "c. 1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 50.3 x 46.3 x 14 cm (19 13/16 x 18 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.503, "width": 0.463, "depth": 0.14}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif. 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Ancient Egyptians saw the sphinx, a half-human, half-lion mythological creature, as a protector of tombs and temples. The pair of andirons, decorative supports for a hearth\u2019s firewood, alongside Tomb with Sphinx, highlight the growing interest in Egyptomania during the 1700s. Interestingly, the andirons portray ancient Greek and Roman interpretations of the sphinx. Most Europeans learned of ancient Egypt by studying Egyptomania in ancient Roman and Greek art and architecture or Egyptian antiquities brought over by the Romans.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761035"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.126-pair-of-andirons-che", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.126-pair-of-firedogs"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss collection : bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944. Published as: Pair of Firedogs, chenets.", "page_number": "Reproduced & Mention: p.61, fig.42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n65"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n181"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n181"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. 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Ancient Egyptians saw the sphinx, a half-human, half-lion mythological creature, as a protector of tombs and temples. The pair of andirons, decorative supports for a hearth\u2019s firewood, alongside Tomb with Sphinx, highlight the growing interest in Egyptomania during the 1700s. Interestingly, the andirons portray ancient Greek and Roman interpretations of the sphinx. Most Europeans learned of ancient Egypt by studying Egyptomania in ancient Roman and Greek art and architecture or Egyptian antiquities brought over by the Romans.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754217"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.126.2-andiron-chenet", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.126.2-firedog"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss collection : bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. 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Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 123531, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1944.126", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fire Dog"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:52.409000"}, {"id": 151882, "accession_number": "1984.175", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Waterfalls at Tivoli, 1737. Claude-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714\u20131789). Oil on canvas; framed: 142.5 x 192.5 x 9 cm (56 1/8 x 75 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 123.2 x 172.6 cm (48 1/2 x 67 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1984.175", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "The Waterfalls at Tivoli", "creation_date": "1737", "creation_date_earliest": 1737, "creation_date_latest": 1737, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 142.5 x 192.5 x 9 cm (56 1/8 x 75 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 123.2 x 172.6 cm (48 1/2 x 67 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.425, "width": 1.925, "depth": 0.09}, "unframed": {"height": 1.232, "width": 1.726}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"fait a Rome par J. Vernet\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "Year in Review for 1984. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Prince Lucien Bonaparte (1775-1840), Ludlow, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1812", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "William Buchanan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1815", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sale: Lapeyri\u00e8re, Paris, France, March 14, 1825", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 14, 1825", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Boursault, sold, Paris, May 1832, through H. Artaria to Edmund Higginson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edmund Higginson, 1802 - 1871 (Saltmarshe Castle, England) (sold, London, June 4-6, 1846)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1832-1846", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lord Charles Vere Townshend, 1785 - 1853, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1853", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of Lord Charles Vere Townshend (sold, London, May 13, 1854);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853-1854", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Frost & Reed (London, England), sold to Siegfried Sassoon, 1949", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1949", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Siegfried Sassoon (sold, Sotheby's, London, 1984, to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-1984", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Likely Vernet's first major work during his study in Rome, this landscape demonstrates his signature style. Vernet preferred and is remembered for marine subjects and water is also a central theme in this painting. Vernet became the predominant French landscape painter of the 18th century, contributing to a long French tradition. While in Rome, he absorbed the Italian tradition of dramatic, rugged landscape paintings, established by Salvador Rosa in the 1600s. This influence is reflected in Vernet's presentation of the craggy rock formations and cascades that made Tivoli, a small town twenty miles east of Rome, famous. Vernet here synthesizes this style with the calmer pastoral mode, more typical of the French landscape tradition, with its roots in the work of Claude Lorrain. Vernet generally inserted elements of humanity in his work, here evident in the touches of civilization in the background and the fishermen in the foreground. Vernet enjoyed considerable popularity, evidenced by the fact that Napoleon's brother Lucien Bonaparte held this painting as a part of his impressive collection.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20020203"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.175-the-waterfalls-at-ti"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Choix de gravures\u2026de la galeire de Lucien Bonaparte, 1812, Stanza !V (no. 36).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buchanan, William. Memoirs of Painting: With a Chronological History of the Importation of Pictures by the Great Masters into England Since the French Revolution. London: Printed for R. Ackerman, 1824.", "page_number": "p. 293, no. 172.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ingersoll-Smouse, Florence. Joseph Vernet, peintre de marine, 1714-1789; e\u0301tude critique suivie d'un catalogue raisonne\u0301 de son \u0153uvre peint. Paris: E\u0301. Bignou, 1926.", "page_number": "p. 98. No 2055", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1984.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 2 (1985).", "page_number": "cat. No. 21", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159897"}, {"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \u201cThe Annual Report for 1984.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 4 (1985).", "page_number": "cover, p. 242", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905"}, {"citation": "Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Pierre Rosenberg, Marion C. Stewart, and Thierry Lefranc\u0327ois. French Paintings 1500-1825, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. San Francisco: The Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 335, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ciardi, Roberto Paolo, Antonio Pinelli, and Cinzia Maria Sicca. Pittura toscana e pittura europea nel Secolo dei lumi: atti del convegno, Pisa, Domus galilaeana 3-4 dicembre 1990. Firenze: Studio per edizioni scelte, 1993.", "page_number": "pl. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, Renaud Temperini, and Jean-Pierre Caillet. La peinture franc\u0327aise. Paris: Menge\u0300s, 2001.", "page_number": "P. 479", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.175", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.175/1984.175_web.jpg", "width": "1254", "height": "893", "filesize": "716771", "filename": "1984.175_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.175/1984.175_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2421", "filesize": "5118705", "filename": "1984.175_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.175/1984.175_full.tif", "width": "7000", "height": "4984", "filesize": "104695640", "filename": "1984.175_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-11-16T15:13:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.175/1984.175_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1201", "height": "893", "filesize": "741388"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.175/1984.175_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2528", "filesize": "6225190"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.175/1984.175_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6024", "height": "4480", "filesize": "80990612"}}, {"date_created": "2010-11-16T13:33:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.175/1984.175_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "663178"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.175/1984.175_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5396229"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1984.175/1984.175_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6430", "height": "4824", "filesize": "93087632"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151882, "creators": [{"id": 1986, "description": "Claude-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714\u20131789)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1714", "death_year": "1789", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-01-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1737, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1737", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:34.445000"}, {"id": 126771, "accession_number": "1949.187.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pope Pius VI Descending the Throne to Take Leave of the Doge in the Hall of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1782, c. 1783. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 69.2 x 86.4 x 10.2 cm (27 1/4 x 34 x 4 in.); unframed: 51.4 x 68.8 cm (20 1/4 x 27 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1949.187.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Pope Pius VI Descending the Throne to Take Leave of the Doge in the Hall of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1782", "creation_date": "c. 1783", "creation_date_earliest": 1778, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 69.2 x 86.4 x 10.2 cm (27 1/4 x 34 x 4 in.); Unframed: 51.4 x 68.8 cm (20 1/4 x 27 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.692, "width": 0.864, "depth": 0.102}, "unframed": {"height": 0.514, "width": 0.688}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 230045, "title": "Francesco Guardi (1712 - 1793)", "description": "Francesco Guardi (1712 - 1793). Museo Correr, Venice, Italy (September 28, 2012-February 17, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 293521, "title": "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe", "description": "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 25-May 20, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Springfield (massachusetts), Museum of Fine Arts, 1937: \"Francesco Guardi, 1712-1793,\" cat. nos. 5 and 6, repr.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1938: \"Venetian Paintings from the Fifteenth through the Eighteenth Century,\" cat. nos. 35 and 36, repr.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, World's Fair 1939: \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. nos. 171 and 172.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts, September 30-Nov. 2, 1952: \"Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of Vence and the Eighteenth Century,\" cat. no. 29, illus. p. 32. John Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis, Nov. 15-Dec. 31, 1952;", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sarasota, Florida, John and Mable Ringling Musem of Art, February 6-March 4, 1955: \"Director's Choice,\" cat. no. 16, illus.", "opening_date": "1955-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museo Correr, Venice, Italy (9/28/2012 - 1/17/2013): \"Francesco Guardi (1712 - 1793)\", ex. cat. no. 82, p. 199 and p. 220.", "opening_date": "2012-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (02/25/2018-05/20/2018): \"Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe\"", "opening_date": "2018-02-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jakob Goldschmidt, 1882-1955 (Berlin, Germany and New York, New York), by 1929, sold through", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jacques Seligman & Co. (New York, New York), to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1949.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Galerie Matthiessen, Berlin, 1944]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1949.187"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The third scene in the series depicts one of the final events of the pope\u2019s stay. At the back of the magnificent audience hall of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, the doge (in gold and white) approaches the throne to receive his papal blessing, with a line of red-robed senators in his wake.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515655"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.187.1-pope-pius-vi-descend"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cTwo Historical Pictures by Francesco Guardi.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 37, no. 3 (March 1950): 48\u201354.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53-54; Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141620"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 157B, p. 355 - 358", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n166"}, {"citation": "Succi, Dario, and Francesco Guardi. Francesco Guardi. Milan : Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222; Reproduced: p. 228, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.187.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187.1/1949.187.1_web.jpg", "width": "1195", "height": "893", "filesize": "811406", "filename": "1949.187.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187.1/1949.187.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2541", "filesize": "6487011", "filename": "1949.187.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187.1/1949.187.1_full.tif", "width": "5148", "height": "3848", "filesize": "59459256", "filename": "1949.187.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187.1/1949.187.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1093", "height": "893", "filesize": "818677"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187.1/1949.187.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3121", "height": "2550", "filesize": "6126497"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187.1/1949.187.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3121", "height": "2550", "filesize": "23919044"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126771, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-06-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1778, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1949.187", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:23.209000"}, {"id": 95503, "accession_number": "1916.1238", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kerchief (tensifa), 1700\u20131899. Africa, North Africa, Algeria, Algerian embroiderer. Linen, silk, gold, silver, dye; overall: 241.9 x 39.4 cm (95 1/4 x 15 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1916.1238", "current_location": null, "title": "Kerchief (tensifa)", "creation_date": "1700\u20131899", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Algeria, Algerian embroiderer"], "technique": "Linen, silk, gold, silver, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 241.9 x 39.4 cm (95 1/4 x 15 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.419, "width": 0.394}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 381119, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2015-December 19, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 669620, "title": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry", "description": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 2024-October 12, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-11-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Embroideries from the J.H. Wade Collection, November 1\u2013December 5, 1928. Cleveland Museum of Art", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Tiny traces of graphite on this textile show us how the artist carefully outlined the design to be embroidered.", "description": "This beautiful kerchief, worn wrapped around the head, was part of elegant bathing equipment that well-to-do women wore while relaxing in a hammam after bathing. The floral and foliate embroidery reflect a fashion that lasted for more than a century. This example is dominated by lavish, radiating gold and silver thread.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79477081"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1238-kerchief-tensifa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Victoria and Albert Museum, and A. J. B. Wace. Catalogue of Algerian Embroideries. London: Published under the authority of the Board of Education, 1935.", "page_number": "plate 1, no. 16", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1238", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1238/1916.1238_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "247", "filesize": "301630", "filename": "1916.1238_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1238/1916.1238_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "665", "filesize": "2404659", "filename": "1916.1238_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1238/1916.1238_full.tif", "width": "6551", "height": "1283", "filesize": "50454076", "filename": "1916.1238_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-11T15:40:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1238/1916.1238_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "331", "height": "893", "filesize": "314523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1238/1916.1238_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1262", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5173146"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1238/1916.1238_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2444", "height": "6581", "filesize": "48281812"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-11T15:45:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1238/1916.1238_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "426", "filesize": "581685"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1238/1916.1238_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1147", "filesize": "4705194"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1238/1916.1238_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "2251", "filesize": "45058416"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95503, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700\u20131899", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:56.040000"}, {"id": 101854, "accession_number": "1920.516", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Courtesan Dreaming of her Childhood, c. 1770. Suzuki Harunobu (Japanese, 1724\u20131770). Woodblock print; ink and color on paper; sheet: 68 x 12.8 cm (26 3/4 x 5 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1920.516", "current_location": null, "title": "Courtesan Dreaming of her Childhood", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Woodblock print; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 68 x 12.8 cm (26 3/4 x 5 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.68, "width": 0.128}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Harunobu ga.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357023, "title": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 5-October 28, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312516, "title": "Japanese Hair Ornaments, Pouches and Toilet Articles", "description": "Japanese Hair Ornaments, Pouches and Toilet Articles. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 16-November 1, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-10-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 12, 2004- April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka and Company)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131920", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2660.1920"], "did_you_know": "Pillar prints, or hashira-e (\u67f1\u7d75), are long and narrow Japanese woodblock prints originally intended to decorate wooden pillars.", "description": "This print depicts a courtesan dreaming about the time she was taken from her family to become a courtesan. The man leading the girl by the hand is probably escorting her to the Yoshiwara, the entertainment district in Edo. This format is called a pillar print, or hashira-e (literally, \"pillar picture\"). It is made by pasting two sheets together vertically to form a long, narrow picture, often hung as a decoration on the narrow support posts of the interior of Japanese houses.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79498226"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.516-courtesan-dreaming-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 7, no. 7 (July 1920): 109\u2013110.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 109", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136400"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.516", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.516/1920.516_web.jpg", "width": "174", "height": "900", "filesize": "81491", "filename": "1920.516_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.516/1920.516_print.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "3400", "filesize": "780066", "filename": "1920.516_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.516/1920.516_full.tif", "width": "1546", "height": "7975", "filesize": "37014720", "filename": "1920.516_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.516/1920.516_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "163", "height": "893", "filesize": "139215"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.516/1920.516_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1644090"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.516/1920.516_alt0_full.tif", "width": "914", "height": "5000", "filesize": "13732220"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101854, "creators": [{"id": 23415, "description": "Suzuki Harunobu (Japanese, 1724\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9234\u6728\u6625\u4fe1", "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-11-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:11.557000"}, {"id": 103820, "accession_number": "1921.911", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mademoiselle Marie-Anne Adelaide Le Normand, c. 1793. Fran\u00e7ois Dumont (French, 1751\u20131831). Watercolor on ivory in a silver gilt mount; framed: 8.4 x 6.9 cm (3 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.); unframed: 7.3 x 5.8 cm (2 7/8 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from J. H. Wade, 1921.911", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Mademoiselle Marie-Anne Adelaide Le Normand", "creation_date": "c. 1793", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a silver gilt mount", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.4 x 6.9 cm (3 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.); Unframed: 7.3 x 5.8 cm (2 7/8 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.084, "width": 0.069}, "unframed": {"height": 0.073, "width": 0.058}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed left: Dumont", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202): April 6, 2009 - October 26, 2009.", "opening_date": "2009-04-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sitter's belt depicts Cupid with bow drawn, indicating her relationship to a meddling profession.", "description": "Mademoiselle Marie-Anne Adelaide Le Normand, a famous Parisian fortune teller, was born in Alen\u00e7on, France, between 1768 and 1772. Little is known of her early years, but by 1790 she had already established a strong following in Paris. Fortune telling was a highly lucrative field perhaps due to the extreme political unrest that permeated Paris in the 1790s. Although the practice of fortune telling was illegal at the time, people from the highest social classes sought Le Normand's services. She prophesied the bloody deaths of the French revolutionaries Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, and Jean-Paul Marat when they visited her salon. Additionally, Alexandre Dumas was one of many to describe Le Normand's prediction of the monumental rise and fall of both Napoleon and his wife Josephine, who visited Le Normand's studio frequently. The fortune teller managed to retain her popularity through the Napoleonic era and the reign of King Charles X before retiring from Parisian life after correctly foretelling the outcome of the July Revolution in 1830. She moved back to Alen\u00e7on and continued writing books of predictions until her death in 1843. Her greatest tangible legacy is a set of tarot cards known as the Blue Owl deck or Le Grand Jeu de Mlle. Le Normand. Grimaud, a self-proclaimed pupil of Le Normand, published the deck two years after her death. The accounts of Le Normand's physical appearance and her studio are almost as colorful as her predictions, and perhaps equally disputable. A description published in the late 1850s reported how \"some thirty or forty volumes were arranged on the shelf against the wall, chiefly consisting of the works of the lady herself . . . Mademoiselle soon made her appearance-a short, fat little woman, with a ruddy face, overshadowed by the abundant curls of a flaxen wig, and surmounted by a semi-oriental turban, the rest of her attire being much in the style of a butter woman.\" Captain Rees Howell Gronow visited Le Normand between 1814 and 1830 and published his account in a book of recollections in 1865: \"It was impossible for imagination to conceive a more hideous being. She looked like a monstrous toad, bloated and venomous. She had one walleye, but the other was a piercer. She wore a fur cap upon her head, from beneath which she glared out upon her horrified visitors. The walls of the room were covered with huge bats, nailed by their wings to the ceiling, stuffed owls, cabalistic signs, skeletons-in short, everything that was likely to impress a weak or superstitious mind.\" In \"The Court of Napoleon,\" Frank Boot Goodrich noted that Le Normand's studio featured miniature portraits of the various rulers she patronized as well as a miniature of herself painted by Jean-Baptiste Isabey, court painter to Napoleon. The Cleveland Museum of Art's miniature does not reflect Le Normand's mythically monstrous appearance. She was in her early twenties when this miniature was painted. Perhaps the fortune teller chose Fran\u00e7ois Dumont as the artist because he had recently produced several portraits of Marie-Antoinette, whom Le Normand admired greatly. Her dress and hairstyle here are reminiscent of the queen's in Dumont's 1792 portrait of her. A student of Jean Girardet, Dumont was one of the most exclusive French miniature painters of the late 18th and early 19th centuries and rendered many of the elite subjects of Le Normand's predictions; even if Dumont himself found no use for the prophetess's services, they certainly relied on similar clientele for their prosperity. The artist's inclusion of an owl eating a moth makes the CMA's miniature unusual. The owl often represents wisdom and was the companion of the ancient Greek goddess Athena. The ancient Romans were among many cultures to associate the nocturnal owl with the ability to predict death; even William Shakespeare called the bird of prey a \"fatal bellman\" in his play \"Macbeth\". These darker aspects of the owl make it an appropriate companion for Le Normand, who foretold the deaths of so many. Ashley Bartman (May 2014)", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79509071"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.911-portrait-of-mademois"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 138-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136519"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.911", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.911/1921.911_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "900", "filesize": "223514", "filename": "1921.911_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.911/1921.911_print.jpg", "width": "2747", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2083589", "filename": "1921.911_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.911/1921.911_full.tif", "width": "5311", "height": "6574", "filesize": "104774584", "filename": "1921.911_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-02T19:46:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "457431"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2738", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5384243"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3694", "height": "4587", "filesize": "50865864"}}, {"date_created": "2008-10-07T17:34:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "491313"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2855", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5555806"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3242", "height": "3861", "filesize": "37583312"}}, {"date_created": "2018-01-31T15:45:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "699", "height": "900", "filesize": "270077"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2844715"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.911/1921.911_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5242", "height": "6752", "filesize": "106212612"}}], "creditline": "Gift from J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 103820, "creators": [{"id": 2568, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Dumont (French, 1751\u20131831)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1751", "death_year": "1831", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1793", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mademoiselle Lenormand"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:02.073000"}, {"id": 121901, "accession_number": "1942.212", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ink Cake with Architectural Design, 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong inscription, mark, and reign (1736-95). Molded ink; overall: 2.4 x 13.4 cm (15/16 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Henry W. Kent, 1942.212", "current_location": null, "title": "Ink Cake with Architectural Design", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong inscription, mark, and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "molded ink", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 2.4 x 13.4 cm (15/16 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.024, "width": 0.134}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5927\u6e05\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u5236", "inscription_translation": "Da Qing Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the Qing dynasty, Qianlong reign)", "inscription_remark": "Inscription on the side of the ink cake", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u5f85\u6708\u6a13\u73cd\u85cf", "inscription_translation": "Dai Yue Lou zhen cang (Preciously stored in the Waiting for the Moon Pavilion)", "inscription_remark": "Inscription on the side of the ink cake", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u5fa1\u58a8.\n\u5149\u5206\u592a\u4e59.\n\u541f\u8a60\u6625\u98a8\u91cc.", "inscription_translation": "Yu mo (Imperial ink). \nGuang fen tai yi (Brilliance Divides the Universe). \nYin yung chun feng li (Humming and Singing in the Spring Wind).", "inscription_remark": "Incised gilt characters and seal on the back of the ink cake", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517479, "title": "History of The Chinese Book", "description": "History of The Chinese Book. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (organizer) (April 1-May 15, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 287904, "title": "Chaekgeori: Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens", "description": "Chaekgeori: Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 5-November 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry W. Kent [1866\u20131948], New York, NY and Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "To make liquid ink, an ink cake is ground against an inkstone with a small quantity of water.", "description": "In China, access to political power was granted to those who passed the civil service examinations, a system that offered official service only at a high level of education. Chinese literati-officials, whose daily routine involved administrative work in an office, enjoyed precious objects on their writing desks that offered distraction and demonstrated good taste. By the Ming (1368\u20131644) and Qing (1644\u20131911) dynasties, these utensils of the literati studio also became collectibles and were treasured as artworks.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018169"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.212-ink-cake-with-archit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cA Gift of Chinese Inks.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 33, no. 1, 1946, pp. 3\u201311.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141247"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.212", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.212/1942.212_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "857", "filesize": "245993", "filename": "1942.212_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.212/1942.212_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3238", "filesize": "2921894", "filename": "1942.212_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.212/1942.212_full.tif", "width": "5374", "height": "5118", "filesize": "82542852", "filename": "1942.212_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-06-10T11:43:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "888", "filesize": "185293"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3355", "filesize": "2295788"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "5368", "filesize": "87634548"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-10T11:50:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "900", "filesize": "82682"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2643", "height": "3400", "filesize": "891915"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4114", "height": "5292", "filesize": "65340564"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-10T11:56:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "900", "filesize": "78543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2646", "height": "3400", "filesize": "846045"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4020", "height": "5166", "filesize": "62328596"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-10T13:14:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "900", "filesize": "77942"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2676", "height": "3400", "filesize": "835904"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4137", "height": "5256", "filesize": "65258804"}}, {"date_created": "2015-06-10T13:15:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "900", "filesize": "80646"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2439", "height": "3400", "filesize": "834382"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.212/1942.212_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3694", "height": "5149", "filesize": "57087976"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Henry W. Kent", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121901, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ink Cake"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:05.052000"}, {"id": 136929, "accession_number": "1961.406", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gorget (Rei Miro), 1800s. Pacific Islands, Polynesia, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Wood; overall: 30.8 x 69.8 cm (12 1/8 x 27 1/2 in.). 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The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "Year in Review - 1962. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Howard Beasley", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Mathewson Milliken", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Chiefly women of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) wore crescent-shaped gorgets like this one.", "description": "Elegant, crescent-shaped gorgets or chest ornaments known as rei miro (\u201cnecklace of wood\u201d) were generally worn by chiefly women of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The abstracted forms at the tips of this example replace the human heads that are more typical.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031262"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.406-gorget-rei-miro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Trevaka Archaeological Outreach, Database Project", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.terevaka.net/ngaro/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.406", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.406/1961.406_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "513", "filesize": "128029", "filename": "1961.406_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.406/1961.406_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1937", "filesize": "643180", "filename": "1961.406_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.406/1961.406_full.tif", "width": "13086", "height": "7454", "filesize": "390197100", "filename": "1961.406_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-09-30T15:37:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.406/1961.406_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "527", "filesize": "145544"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.406/1961.406_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1990", "filesize": "967351"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.406/1961.406_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12340", "height": "7223", "filesize": "267420408"}}], "creditline": "The Mary Spedding Milliken Memorial Collection, Gift of William Mathewson Milliken", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136929, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:35.189000"}, {"id": 137316, "accession_number": "1962.244", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Geometric Form, 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Akan-style artist. Copper alloy; overall: 2.4 x 1.4 x 1.2 cm (15/16 x 9/16 x 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Hornung, 1962.244", "current_location": null, "title": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Geometric Form", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Akan-style artist"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Overall: 2.4 x 1.4 x 1.2 cm (15/16 x 9/16 x 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.024, "width": 0.014, "depth": 0.012}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "Year in Review - 1962. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 38, p. 117, color repr. p. 34.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Hornung, Cleveland Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Geometric forms were the earliest shapes used for gold weights.", "description": "The Asante kingdom (an Akan state in present-day Ghana) primarily derived its wealth and power from its massive gold resources. Since at least 1600, small weights in brass and bronze were used to weigh gold dust and nuggets, which were the local form of currency. The rounded, worn-down edges of this weight suggest that it was used frequently. The royal court had the most elaborate store of weights, while commoners often had about a dozen. Their imagery falls into two broad categories: geometric and representational. The latter often refers to proverbs, which used judiciously, marked a wise person.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031856"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.244-gold-weight-geometri", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.244-gold-weight-abrammuo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34, no. 38", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.244", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.244/1962.244_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "848", "filesize": "523097", "filename": "1962.244_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.244/1962.244_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2283", "filesize": "786081", "filename": "1962.244_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.244/1962.244_full.tif", "width": "5102", "height": "3426", "filesize": "52459424", "filename": "1962.244_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-11-05T16:13:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.244/1962.244_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "423", "filesize": "157491"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.244/1962.244_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1599", "filesize": "717440"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.244/1962.244_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5884", "height": "2768", "filesize": "48892888"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Hornung", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137316, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-09-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Weight for Measuring Gold (mmramoo): Geometric"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:51.390000"}, {"id": 142546, "accession_number": "1966.29", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna Vanquishing the Crane-Demon Bakasura, late 1700s. Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 27.8 x 19.7 cm (10 15/16 x 7 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.29", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna Vanquishing the Crane-Demon Bakasura", "creation_date": "late 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 27.8 x 19.7 cm (10 15/16 x 7 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.278, "width": 0.197}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 379162, "title": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings", "description": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2021-February 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4\u2013August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-08-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 18, 2004\u2013May 23, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.J. Klejman [1906\u20131995], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 142535, "description": "Krishna Stealing Curds, late 1700s. Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 27.7 x 19.3 cm (10 7/8 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.28", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The true form of the crane-demon tumbles out from the backside of the distressed bird.", "description": "The Hindu god Vishnu incarnated himself as Krishna in response to pleadings from the Earth goddess to rid her of a wicked king. The king sent demons of many forms to assassinate Krishna, who effortlessly destroyed them. The South Indian artist effectively used a diagonal composition to show the cause and effect of Krishna\u2019s assault and the fall of the defeated demon.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469609"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.29-krishna-vanquishing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "cat. no. 101ii", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.29", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.29/1966.29_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "893", "filesize": "523506", "filename": "1966.29_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.29/1966.29_print.jpg", "width": "2395", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6613547", "filename": "1966.29_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.29/1966.29_full.tif", "width": "3515", "height": "4990", "filesize": "52645504", "filename": "1966.29_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142546, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Krishna Vanquishing Vakasura"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:59.289000"}, {"id": 146378, "accession_number": "1972.117", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Famous Early Modern Calligraphers and Painters (\u8fd1\u4e16\u540d\u5bb6\u66f8\u753b\u518a), late 1700s to mid-1800s. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Set of two folding-albums; ink and color on silk and paper; each album, closed: 31 x 21 cm (12 3/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mary B. Lee, C. Bingham Blossom, Dudley S. Blossom III, Laurel B. Kovacik, and Elizabeth B. Blossom, in memory of Elizabeth B. Blossom, 1972.117", "current_location": null, "title": "Famous Early Modern Calligraphers and Painters", "title_in_original_language": "\u8fd1\u4e16\u540d\u5bb6\u66f8\u753b\u518a", "creation_date": "late 1700s to mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Set of two folding-albums; ink and color on silk and paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Portfolio", "measurements": "Each album, closed: 31 x 21 cm (12 3/16 x 8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"each album, closed": {"height": 0.31, "width": 0.21}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u8fd1\u4e16\u540d\u5bb6\u66f8\u753b\u518a", "inscription_translation": "Volumes of Famous Modern Calligraphers and Painters", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kuniyoshi Miura, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The album's storage box has a title inscription in ink reading Famous Early Modern Calligraphers and Painters.", "description": "This set of two folding-albums comprises a collection of calligraphies and paintings produced by Japanese artists over a long span of time. Those whose works are represented in the albums were all deeply interested in Chinese culture. They were especially attracted to the idea they found in Chinese society of a community of educated friends who shared works in prose, poetry, and painting among one another through correspondence or gatherings. The covers of both albums are inscribed and sealed by an individual who assembled their contents for posterity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472013"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.117-famous-early-modern"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Graham, Patricia J. \"Lifestyles of Scholar-Painters in Edo Japan.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 7 (September 1990): 262-283.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 274-277", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161293"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.117", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.117/1972.117_web.jpg", "width": "877", "height": "893", "filesize": "97349", "filename": "1972.117_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.117/1972.117_print.jpg", "width": "3339", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1719037", "filename": "1972.117_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.117/1972.117_full.tif", "width": "5893", "height": "6000", "filesize": "106098344", "filename": "1972.117_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mary B. Lee, C. Bingham Blossom, Dudley S. Blossom III, Laurel B. Kovacik, and Elizabeth B. Blossom, in memory of Elizabeth B. Blossom", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146378, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s to mid-1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Shimpin cho: An Album of \"Nan-ga\" Paintings in Two Volumes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-02 16:46:29.005000"}, {"id": 151496, "accession_number": "1983.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re), c. 1745\u20131750. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; gilded metal; overall: 6.2 x 8.6 x 8.2 cm (2 7/16 x 3 3/8 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1983.59", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re)", "creation_date": "c. 1745\u20131750", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; gilded metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 6.2 x 8.6 x 8.2 cm (2 7/16 x 3 3/8 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.062, "width": 0.086, "depth": 0.082}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309656, "title": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts", "description": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8, 1983-June 3, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 8 November 1983 - 3 June 1984: \"Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts,\" no catalog.", "opening_date": "1983-11-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The enamels on this box are no longer applied flat without shading as was typical of early production at the Chantilly factory, but have been painted in a way that suggests depth through depictions of light and shadow.", "description": "This snuff box\u2019s decoration departs from the practice of early Chantilly porcelain that drew inspiration from Chinese and Japanese porcelain compositions, techniques, and motifs. Rather than compositions modeled directly from East-Asian porcelain, the paintings on this box may have been influenced by European chinoiserie, imitations of Chinese and Japanese decoration that pulled from the European imagination rather than accurate depictions of these cultures.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79935095"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.59-snuff-box-tabatiere"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71 (February 1984).", "page_number": "p. 70, no. 54, ill. p. 60", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.59", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.59/1983.59_web.jpg", "width": "1009", "height": "893", "filesize": "115030", "filename": "1983.59_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.59/1983.59_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3008", "filesize": "1292832", "filename": "1983.59_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.59/1983.59_full.tif", "width": "4078", "height": "3609", "filesize": "44178544", "filename": "1983.59_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.59/1983.59_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "888", "height": "893", "filesize": "513260"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.59/1983.59_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1544", "filesize": "1551492"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.59/1983.59_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1544", "filesize": "7117404"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151496, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1745\u20131750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:36.677000"}, {"id": 152234, "accession_number": "1985.119.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Katar (Stabbing Dagger), 1700s. India, Mughal. Iron handle with gold inlay; steel blade; overall: 45.6 x 8.2 cm (17 15/16 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Morris and Eleanor Everett, 1985.119.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Katar (Stabbing Dagger)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mughal"], "technique": "Iron handle with gold inlay; steel blade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 45.6 x 8.2 cm (17 15/16 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.456, "width": 0.082, "length": 0.437}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350154, "title": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2019-April 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441124, "title": "Martial Art of India", "description": "Martial Art of India. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 11-August 21, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, UK, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1985", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ornament on the handle faces up from the perspective of a right-handed user, on all sides.", "description": "Stabbing daggers called katar were distinctive to India and often worn by soldiers and courtiers, tucked into their belts. Covering the entire handle are tiny scenes of lions and cheetahs hunting deer and buffalo in rocky wooded settings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759775"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.119.a-katar-stabbing-dagge"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1985.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 73, no. 2 (February 1986): 26\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51; Mentioned: p. 71, no. 206", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.119.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_web.jpg", "width": "474", "height": "900", "filesize": "64957", "filename": "1985.119.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_print.jpg", "width": "1789", "height": "3400", "filesize": "526888", "filename": "1985.119.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_full.tif", "width": "3732", "height": "7092", "filesize": "79434708", "filename": "1985.119.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-09-04T14:52:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "468", "height": "900", "filesize": "65324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1768", "height": "3400", "filesize": "578952"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3643", "height": "7004", "filesize": "76578944"}}, {"date_created": "2015-09-08T08:24:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "103503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "941178"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144034744"}}, {"date_created": "2015-09-08T09:52:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "525", "filesize": "98936"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1984", "filesize": "1008266"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.119.a/1985.119.a_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7655", "height": "4467", "filesize": "102616204"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Morris and Eleanor Everett", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152234, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-08-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1985.119", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Katar (Dagger)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:15.265000"}, {"id": 152333, "accession_number": "1985.192", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monkeys by a Stream (\u6c34\u8fba\u306b\u733f\u56f3), c. 1796. Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; overall: 164.4 x 95.4 cm (64 3/4 x 37 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1985.192", "current_location": null, "title": "Monkeys by a Stream", "title_in_original_language": "\u6c34\u8fba\u306b\u733f\u56f3", "creation_date": "c. 1796", "creation_date_earliest": 1791, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 164.4 x 95.4 cm (64 3/4 x 37 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.158, "width": 1.185}, "painting": {"height": 1.646, "width": 0.955}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.158, "width": 1.27, "depth": 0.041}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription: \u5e73\u5b89\u8606\u96ea\u5beb\u610f; Transliteration: Heian Rosetsu shai; Sealed: \u9b5a", "inscription_translation": "Inscription: Brushed free-style by Rosetsu of Heian (Kyoto); Sealed: Gyo (broken)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309910, "title": "The Year in Review for 1985", "description": "The Year in Review for 1985. 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Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Cazenave (French, active 1793\u20131843), after Louis L\u00e9opold Boilly (French, 1761\u20131845). Chalk-manner etching and engraving; image: 54.7 x 45.1 cm (21 9/16 x 17 3/4 in.); platemark: 67.5 x 53.3 cm (26 9/16 x 21 in.); sheet: 72.4 x 54.2 cm (28 1/2 x 21 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. 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I (part I) p. 346; Br\u00e9ton & Zuber 1804E II/II", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2001.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.15/2001.15_web.jpg", "width": "671", "height": "893", "filesize": "400757", "filename": "2001.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.15/2001.15_print.jpg", "width": "2554", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6334108", "filename": "2001.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.15/2001.15_full.tif", "width": "3552", "height": "4729", "filesize": "50413104", "filename": "2001.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. 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Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721). Etching; image and plate: 27.5 x 20 cm (10 13/16 x 7 7/8 in.); sheet: 30 x 20.9 cm (11 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). 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Africa, North Africa, Algeria, Algerian embroiderer. Linen, silk, gold, silver, dye; overall: 260.4 x 40.6 cm (102 1/2 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1237", "current_location": null, "title": "Headkerchief (tensifa)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Algeria, Algerian embroiderer"], "technique": "Linen, silk, gold, silver, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 260.4 x 40.6 cm (102 1/2 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.604, "width": 0.406}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 381119, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2015-December 19, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 669620, "title": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry", "description": "Arts of the Maghreb: North African Textiles and Jewelry. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 2024-October 12, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-11-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This textile was displayed in the CMA\u2019s first exhibition in 1916. While it is from North Africa, it was displayed in the \"Nearer East\" gallery.", "description": "This beautiful kerchief, worn wrapped around the head, was part of elegant bathing equipment that well-to-do women wore while relaxing in a hammam after bathing. The floral and foliate embroidery reflect a fashion that lasted for more than a century. This example is dominated by brilliant crimson and blue silk stitches.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79477078"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1237-headkerchief", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1237-headkerchief-tensifa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916)", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Victoria and Albert Museum, and A. J. B. Wace. Catalogue of Algerian Embroideries. London: Published under the authority of the Board of Education, 1935.", "page_number": "plate 6, no. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"Textile stories from North Africa.\" HALI 224 (Summer 2025): 54-61.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60; Reproduced: p. 54, 58, fig. 1, fig. 8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1237", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1237/1916.1237_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "175", "filesize": "190118", "filename": "1916.1237_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1237/1916.1237_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "662", "filesize": "1266032", "filename": "1916.1237_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1237/1916.1237_full.tif", "width": "30508", "height": "5940", "filesize": "543677736", "filename": "1916.1237_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": 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"filesize": "234226156"}}, {"date_created": "2024-01-22T16:57:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1237/1916.1237_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "346", "filesize": "278771"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1237/1916.1237_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1306", "filesize": "2667173"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1237/1916.1237_alt9_full.tif", "width": "13777", "height": "5291", "filesize": "218712704"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95502, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:18.326000"}, {"id": 120846, "accession_number": "1941.569", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1772. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 7.7 x 6.5 cm (3 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 5.5 x 3.8 cm (2 3/16 x 1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.569", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1772", "creation_date_earliest": 1767, "creation_date_latest": 1777, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.7 x 6.5 cm (3 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 5.5 x 3.8 cm (2 3/16 x 1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.077, "width": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.055, "width": 0.038}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on paper backing: in graphite, upside down at top: 134; in graphite on slant below center: Eleanor of / Spain; on the inside of the outside backing, in center in graphite: M ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "Old Master Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 8).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory; they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. This portrait was assigned the historically colorful but fictitious title of \u201cEleanor of Spain\u201d at some point after memory of its true identity had been lost. Giving illustrious titles to portraits of unknown sitters was a popular strategy adopted by dealers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, often applied to miniature portraits and, in particular, to Smart\u2019s sketches of women. The inscription on the paper backing is not in Smart\u2019s hand, and when the paper backing was removed in 1993, no inscriptions were discovered on the back of the drawing itself. Only the sitter\u2019s head and neck are drawn, and a low-necked dress is faintly suggested. Her head is turned to the right, and her light-colored hair is dressed high, with flat curls against the back of her head. She has blue eyes, and the color of her lips is extremely faded, as is the miniature overall. The sitter\u2019s sagging jaw line and the lines beneath her eyes suggest that she was painted as a mature woman. The background is unpainted. A photograph of this sketch in Edward Greene\u2019s notebook indicates that at one time \u201c134\u201d was inscribed on the front in the upper right corner. To this date, the finished ivory for which this preparatory sketch was presumably undertaken has not been discovered. A miniature from the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art\u2019s Starr collection, while probably not this sketch\u2019s finished ivory counterpart, is closely related in style and date. The Nelson-Atkins unidentified sitter\u2019s veiled hairstyle, position of the head in relation to her squared shoulder, and plump jaw line are identical to the Cleveland sketch. During this stage of Smart\u2019s career, the sitters\u2019 heads were often rather large in relation to their bodies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016510"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.569-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "Lot 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "p. 32, no. 46, pl. XIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 36, pp. 165-166", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.569", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.569/1941.569_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "893", "filesize": "137780", "filename": "1941.569_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.569/1941.569_print.jpg", "width": "3030", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2111072", "filename": "1941.569_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.569/1941.569_full.tif", "width": "4512", "height": "5062", "filesize": "68541456", "filename": "1941.569_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:52:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "477719"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2796", "height": "3335", "filesize": "7054176"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2796", "height": "3335", "filesize": "55977992"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T16:48:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "767", "height": "893", "filesize": "559147"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2920", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8259557"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3097", "height": "3605", "filesize": "33523844"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:57:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "486573"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2802", "height": "3287", "filesize": "6881305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2802", "height": "3287", "filesize": "27662920"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T16:57:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "759", "height": "893", "filesize": "579454"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2889", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7585952"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3048", "height": "3586", "filesize": "32818248"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T19:27:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "795", "height": "893", "filesize": "126934"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3025", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1994673"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4542", "height": "5104", "filesize": "69569364"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:26:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "103236"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1698056"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.569/1941.569_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022116"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120846, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1767, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1772", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:55.944000"}, {"id": 126365, "accession_number": "1948.54", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Pantalone, c. 1755. Mennecy Factory (French), Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 20 x 7 x 9.9 cm (7 7/8 x 2 3/4 x 3 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., 1948.54", "current_location": null, "title": "Figure of Pantalone", "creation_date": "c. 1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Mennecy, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 20 x 7 x 9.9 cm (7 7/8 x 2 3/4 x 3 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.2, "width": 0.07, "depth": 0.099}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Mennecy-Villeroy factory mark, incised on bottom: \"DV\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 702420, "title": "Harlequin and the Arts", "description": "Harlequin and the Arts. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (September 29-November 10, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-09-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301701, "title": "The Artist and the Theater", "description": "The Artist and the Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 5-September 12, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-04-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the commedia dell\u2019arte, Pantalone was known for his greed, lust, and buffoonery that made him the target of jokes.", "description": "The commedia dell\u2019arte, a form of Italian improvisational theater, became widely popular in 18th-century Europe. This figure, with his prominent beard and distinguishing black robe, represents the character of elderly Venetian merchant Pantalone. Depicted in paintings and porcelain, the popularity of these figures demonstrated the influence of the theater on the tastes of the wealthy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79905637"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.54-figure-of-pantalone"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Mennecy-Villeroy Italian Comedy Figure--Pantalone.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35 (1948).", "page_number": "p. 209-210", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain of France.\" The Art Quarterly XI (Autumn 1948).", "page_number": "p. 337, 344-45; fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chilton, Meredith, and Domenico Pietropaolo. Harlequin Unmasked: The Commedia Dell'arte and Porcelain Sculpture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 50-55, 106-109, 282", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.54", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.54/1948.54_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "43568", "filename": "1948.54_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.54/1948.54_print.jpg", "width": "2244", "height": "3400", "filesize": "449850", "filename": "1948.54_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.54/1948.54_full.tif", "width": "3373", "height": "5109", "filesize": "51724884", "filename": "1948.54_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-07-19T18:28:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "47491"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2356", "height": "3400", "filesize": "520641"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3438", "height": "4960", "filesize": "51183768"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-19T18:30:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "47584"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2499", "height": "3400", "filesize": "526601"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3323", "height": "4520", "filesize": "45086396"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-19T18:33:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "542", "height": "893", "filesize": "42732"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2065", "height": "3400", "filesize": "470977"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2940", "height": "4840", "filesize": "42714832"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-19T18:00:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "549", "height": "893", "filesize": "44214"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2089", "height": "3400", "filesize": "482361"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3060", "height": "4978", "filesize": "45727300"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-19T18:43:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "50139"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "448190"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99887328"}}, {"date_created": "2012-07-19T18:39:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "47340"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "420951"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1948.54/1948.54_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99889928"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126365, "creators": [{"id": 14014, "description": "Mennecy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in Paris in 1734, it was transferred to Mennecy in 1748 and to Bourg-la-Reine in 1773. After 1753 it was much restricted by laws imposed to protect the Vincennes factory. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:01.675000"}, {"id": 138445, "accession_number": "1962.360", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Potpourri Vases with Covers, c. 1740\u201360. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 15 cm (5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1962.360", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Potpourri Vases with Covers", "creation_date": "c. 1740\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15 cm (5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.15}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The holes in the base of these vases may have held gilt-bronze flowering stems.", "description": "As beautifully designed objects, the function of these vases is not immediately apparent. Created to contain potpourri, a mixture of flowers, herbs, and spices emitting ambient fragrance, their covers are decorated with delicate flowers spaced by small, unobtrusive perforations. The decoration continues onto the body of the container where intricate ribbing emulates a basket weave.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034286"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.360-pair-of-potpourri-va"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dallot-Naudin, Yvonne, and Alain Jacob. Porcelaines tendres franc\u0327aises: Rouen, L. Poterat, St-Cloud, Mennecy, Chantilly, Bourg la Reine, Vincennes. Paris: ABC Collection, 1983.", "page_number": "p.100-101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dupont, Patrick. Porcelaines franc\u0326aises aux XVIIIe et XIXe sie\u0300cles. Paris: Les E\u0301ditions de l'Illustration, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 50, no. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondot, Bertrand. Discovering the Secrets of Soft-Paste Porcelain at the Saint-Cloud Manufactory, Ca. 1690-1766. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 223, no. 169; p. 292", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.360", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.360/1962.360_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "691", "filesize": "179207", "filename": "1962.360_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.360/1962.360_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2612", "filesize": "1109860", "filename": "1962.360_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.360/1962.360_full.tif", "width": "9733", "height": "7476", "filesize": "218317280", "filename": "1962.360_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138445, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:29.151000"}, {"id": 141284, "accession_number": "1964.509", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bowl, c. 1765. Mennecy Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.509", "current_location": null, "title": "Bowl", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Mennecy, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.191}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Vincennes porcelain factory\u2019s royally supported monopoly for the creation of porcelain that emulated the German style forced the Villeroy factory to relocate to Mennecy in 1748.", "description": "As European porcelain production advanced over the course of the 18th century, factories borrowed designs and techniques from one another in order to remain competitive in the porcelain market. This plate\u2019s painted composition with two birds in the foreground, may have been inspired by bird paintings produced at the Vincennes porcelain factory beginning in the late 1740s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040775"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.509-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 52 (November 1965).", "page_number": "p. 153, no. 54, ill. p. 138", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peyre, Jean-Gabriel. \"Fleurons m\u00e9connus de la manufacture de Villeroy-Menncy.\" L'Estampille, no. 350 (September 2000).", "page_number": "p. 89.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peyre, Jean-Gabriel. \"Porcellane in 'gloria': la manifattura di Villeroy-Mennecy (1735-1777).\" CeramicAntica, no. 9 (October 2000).", "page_number": "p. 26, 27, 31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.509", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.509/1964.509_web.jpg", "width": "826", "height": "900", "filesize": "171857", "filename": "1964.509_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.509/1964.509_print.jpg", "width": "3120", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1064971", "filename": "1964.509_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.509/1964.509_full.tif", "width": "5814", "height": "6335", "filesize": "110524008", "filename": "1964.509_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-06-12T13:47:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.509/1964.509_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "900", "filesize": "149717"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.509/1964.509_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3006", "height": "3400", "filesize": "885874"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.509/1964.509_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5795", "height": "6555", "filesize": "113986708"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141284, "creators": [{"id": 14014, "description": "Mennecy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in Paris in 1734, it was transferred to Mennecy in 1748 and to Bourg-la-Reine in 1773. After 1753 it was much restricted by laws imposed to protect the Vincennes factory. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:15.309000"}, {"id": 141286, "accession_number": "1964.510", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cane Handle (Poign\u00e9e de canne), c.1700\u20131720. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with underglaze blue decoration; overall: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.510", "current_location": null, "title": "Cane Handle (Poign\u00e9e de canne)", "creation_date": "c.1700\u20131720", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, early 18th Century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with underglaze blue decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.054}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhib.: CMA 1965: \"Year in Review 1965.\" Bull., LII (Nov. 1965", "opening_date": "1965-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Canes, or sticks, were popular fashion accessories for aristocratic men, women, and children in 18th-century France.", "description": "With its ribbing and underglaze blue decoration in the form of draping blue garlands, this porcelain handle was likely among the first to have been produced at the Saint-Cloud Porcelain Factory. Though Saint-Cloud may have been the first to produce porcelain cane handles as fashionable accessories, their popularity meant that they were soon produced at a variety of other French factories during the first half of the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040780"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.510-cane-handle-poignee"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 52 (November 1965).", "page_number": "p. 153, no. 49, ill. p. 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dike, Catherine, and Guy Bezzaz. La Canne, objet d'art. Geneva: Les \u00c9dition de l'Amateur, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 234-35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondot, Bertrand. Discovering the Secrets of Soft-Paste Porcelain at the Saint-Cloud Manufactory, Ca. 1690-1766. 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Chitarman II (Indian, c. 1680\u2013\u0441. 1750). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 54.6 x 39 cm (21 1/2 x 15 3/8 in.); painting: 40.1 x 29.1 cm (15 13/16 x 11 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Michael de Havenon, 1973.237", "current_location": null, "title": "Tiered Court Scene", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northern India, Delhi, Mughal court of Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719\u201348)"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 54.6 x 39 cm (21 1/2 x 15 3/8 in.); Painting: 40.1 x 29.1 cm (15 13/16 x 11 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.546, "width": 0.39}, "painting": {"height": 0.401, "width": 0.291}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[verso, in Persian]] bi-mowjib arza-dasht fadawi bi-hokm-i qadr-i tu'am huzur lami al-nur-i jinab-i aqdas Chitarman-i musawwar amal nimud", "inscription_translation": "According to the lowly instructions of your devoted servant following the verbal commands [lit.: command twinned with presence] of the luminous most sacred [aqdas, referring to the emperor], Chitarman the painter carried out the task [i.e., painted, amal nimud].", "inscription_remark": "The word aqdas is placed well above the rest of the inscription on the top left as a measure of honor in the traditional way of spacing the handwriting to convey utmost respect, as found in Mughal and Safavid official documents.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso, seal]]", "inscription_translation": "The seal refers to \"the devoted servant [of the house of] Muhammad Shah, Padshah-i Ghazi.\"", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Michael and Georgia de Havenon, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A leering sea horse monster rears its head below the golden island city of Lanka.", "description": "Emperor Muhammad Shah rekindled an imperial interest in Hinduism that had not been so strong since the time of Akbar, 150 years before. He commissioned this painting that shows the acts of Rama, hero of a Hindu epic, who slays the demon of the golden city of Lanka at the top of the page. In the middle sections, various Hindu deities enjoy music, kite flying, and boating, while at the bottom the Krishna plays Holi with his lover Radha and other palace women. They shoot red-colored water at one another with plunger guns in celebration of the coming of spring.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472521"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.237-tiered-court-scene"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 52.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: figures 4.111 and 4.112, pp. 258\u2013262", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"A Hindu Painting from Mughal India.\" N\u016br: CAIS magazine 5, no. 2 (Winter 2021):", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 18.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.237", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.237/1973.237_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "893", "filesize": "188501", "filename": "1973.237_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.237/1973.237_print.jpg", "width": "2393", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2287281", "filename": "1973.237_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.237/1973.237_full.tif", "width": "3795", "height": "5391", "filesize": "61414516", "filename": "1973.237_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-11-11T15:05:00", "annotation": "", "web": 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Luo Ping (Chinese, 1733\u20131799). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; painting: 125.7 x 56.8 cm (49 1/2 x 22 3/8 in.); overall: 230.5 x 72.1 cm (90 3/4 x 28 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1975.95", "current_location": null, "title": "Scholar Watching the Waterfall", "title_in_original_language": "\u89c0\u7011\u5716", "creation_date": "1764", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1764, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 125.7 x 56.8 cm (49 1/2 x 22 3/8 in.); Overall: 230.5 x 72.1 cm (90 3/4 x 28 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.25, "width": 0.57}, "overall": {"height": 2.305, "width": 0.721}, "painting": {"height": 1.257, "width": 0.568}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.305, "width": 0.805}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u89c0\u7011\u5716. \n\u4e8c\u6708\u4e03\u65e5\u70ba\n\u5b88\u5802\u8001\u4f2f\u5148\u751f\u4f5c\u6731\u8349\u8a69\u6797\u4e2d\u4eba\u7f85\u8058. \n[\u5370] \u5169\u5cf0\u756b\u5370; \u5c71\u6797\u5916\u81e3.", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 2 seals: Watching the Waterfall. Done in the jiashen year [1764] for my senior, the venerable Mr. Shoutang. Zhucao shi linzhong ren, Luo Ping. \n\n[seals] Liangfeng hua yin; Shanlin wai chen.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "1 additional seal of C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 (1907\u20132003) in the lower right.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521183, "title": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art", "description": "When Salt was Gold: Yangzhou, City of Riches and Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 12-November 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-06T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Ting Chen Chang, Hong Kong, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Luo Ping was the youngest of the Yangzhou Eccentrics.", "description": "In this hanging scroll, a scholar and his attendant contemplate a waterfall. A light breeze lifts the scholar\u2019s robe and blows the tree leaves, suggesting movement. Luo Ping from Anhui province was orphaned after his family had moved to Yangzhou, but his talent was recognized by the salt merchant brothers Ma Yueguan (1688\u20131755) and Ma Yuelu (1697\u2013after 1766), who introduced him to literati circles. His patrons' portraits are in CMA 1979.72.
Inspired by painter Jin Nong in his early career, Luo became known for his creative figure paintings, including ghosts. Scholar Watching a Waterfall was painted in his Yangzhou studio in the year of Jin\u2019s death.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472967"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.95-scholar-watching-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 63, no. 2 (February 1976): 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59; Mentioned: p. 71, no. 161", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 271, p. 379", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Yang, Kathleen \u694a\u51f1\u7433, and Chi-ch\u02bbien Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077. Through a Chinese connoisseur's eye: private notes of C.C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 313, no. 38", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.95", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.95/1975.95_web.jpg", "width": "419", "height": "893", "filesize": "301776", "filename": "1975.95_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.95/1975.95_print.jpg", "width": "1597", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3562753", "filename": "1975.95_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.95/1975.95_full.tif", "width": "2349", "height": "5000", "filesize": "35248516", "filename": "1975.95_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-04-08T20:15:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "419", "height": "893", "filesize": "311994"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1597", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3746394"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2349", "height": "5000", "filesize": "35246020"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-07T15:03:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "416", "height": "893", "filesize": "312560"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1582", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4522483"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3018", "height": "6484", "filesize": "58734676"}}, {"date_created": "2010-05-07T14:54:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "320", "height": "893", "filesize": "207194"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1217", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3139165"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1975.95/1975.95_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2292", "height": "6401", "filesize": "44039900"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148384, "creators": [{"id": 23287, "description": "Luo Ping (Chinese, 1733\u20131799)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u7f85\u8058", "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1764", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:47.579000"}, {"id": 155803, "accession_number": "1991.126", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Bottle with European Figures (\u9f3b\u7159\u58fa), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Painted enamel on copper; overall: 7.4 cm (2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, 1991.126", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Bottle with European Figures", "title_in_original_language": "\u9f3b\u7159\u58fa", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "painted enamel on copper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Overall: 7.4 cm (2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.074}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311486, "title": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary", "description": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Noah L. [Muriel] Butkin [1916\u20132008], Shaker Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131991", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stopper is decorated with bats, which traditionally symbolize good luck, since both words (\u8760 and \u798f) are both pronounced as fu in Chinese.", "description": "Snuff bottles were introduced from Europe to China around the 1700s to hold portable snuff or medicine.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79944232"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.126-snuff-bottle-with-eu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 80, no. 2, 1993, pp. 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79, no. 437", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Von Spee, Clarissa. \"Art In New Dimensions: Chinese Miniature and Small Objects at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia 52, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 117-121.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 121, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Von Spee, Clarissa. \u201cChina through the Magnifying Glass: Miniature and small objects in detail.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): 14-16.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 15; Mentioned: P. 16.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.126", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.126/1991.126_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "900", "filesize": "213562", "filename": "1991.126_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.126/1991.126_print.jpg", "width": "2988", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1547573", "filename": "1991.126_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.126/1991.126_full.tif", "width": "4766", "height": "5424", "filesize": "77581208", "filename": "1991.126_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-09-24T17:26:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1009", "height": "893", "filesize": "72496"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3010", "filesize": "636453"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3973", "height": "3518", "filesize": "41953032"}}, {"date_created": "2018-09-17T14:24:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "649", "height": "900", "filesize": "216450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2450", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1519849"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5644", "height": "7833", "filesize": "132657772"}}, {"date_created": "2012-09-24T17:38:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "966", "height": "893", "filesize": "67977"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3144", "filesize": "639161"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3804", "height": "3518", "filesize": "40169416"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-13T19:36:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "900", "filesize": "209017"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2984", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1454063"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126/1991.126_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4766", "height": "5430", "filesize": "77666892"}}], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "4251487410334d168c7e1f6d8113c703", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/4251487410334d168c7e1f6d8113c703", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155803, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-09-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 22:01:13.864000"}, {"id": 160120, "accession_number": "1997.81", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1775. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Gray, red, and purple wash and graphite on laid paper; sheet: 5.6 x 4.9 cm (2 3/16 x 1 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.81", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gray, red, and purple wash and graphite on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, partially discolored to beige-brown, laid down on light brown wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Sheet: 5.6 x 4.9 cm (2 3/16 x 1 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.056, "width": 0.049}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "VERSO OF SECONDARY SUPPORT, in top half, in graphite: Mr Batson ; in top half, in graphite: 158 [upside down]\r\n\r\ninscribed on back of drawing, in graphite: . . . Bracelet / . . . pring to . . . / cloth cape . . . / . . . ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, England (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811); by inheritance to his daughter Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), daughter of the artist by Sarah Midgeley, gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877). by inheritance to his daughter Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928). by inheritance to her brother Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 8)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886\u20131966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878\u20131957), Cleveland, OH, by inheritance to his daughter Helen Perry", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-c. 1957", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Helen Perry (n\u00e9e Greene, 1911\u20131996, Cleveland).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1957-1996", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Estate of Mrs. A. Dean Perry (Helen Perry), gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1996-97", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Edward B. Greene gave his renowned collection of portrait miniatures to the Cleveland Museum of Art primarily during the 1940s, while drawings such as this came only later, donated by his daughter.", "description": "G. C. Williamson was the first to suggest that Smart\u2019s sketches were well known and that they were preparatory studies for the painted miniatures. Williamson listed the names of sitters from the sketches known to him at the time, and they included Mr. Batson (the identification formerly given to the sitter in this portrait). His head and shoulders face left. He has blue-green eyes and dark eyebrows and wears his powdered hair en queue. His coat has a narrow collar, under which he dons a high collar and frilled vest. A band of black around his neck hints at perhaps another collar, a waistcoat, or a ribbon from which an undesignated ornament hangs. The color of his attire is not suggested, and the background is unpainted. The finished ivory miniature for which this drawing was presumably a preparatory sketch has not yet been discovered. The sitter has been known as Mr. Batson at least since it was so catalogued in the 1928 Smirke sale. This appellation is based on a later inscription in graphite on the verso of the paper backing. When the paper backing was removed from the back of the drawing in 2011, a faint, partly legible inscription was discovered: \u201c. . . Bracelet / . . . pring to . . . / cloth cape . . . / . . .\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980822"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.81-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "lot 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 62, 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 37, pp. 167-169", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.81", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.81/1997.81_web.jpg", "width": "786", "height": "893", "filesize": "159220", "filename": "1997.81_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.81/1997.81_print.jpg", "width": "2993", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2282231", "filename": "1997.81_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.81/1997.81_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6815", "filesize": "122692532", "filename": "1997.81_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-02-07T16:39:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "793", "height": "893", "filesize": "556314"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "2956", "filesize": "5540424"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2624", "height": "2956", "filesize": "23293296"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T15:37:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "893", "filesize": "521799"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2463", "height": "3016", "filesize": "6448098"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2463", "height": "3016", "filesize": "22317676"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T14:59:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "787", "height": "893", "filesize": "583301"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2995", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9094770"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3175", "height": "3604", "filesize": "34357164"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T17:29:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "136862"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2970", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1998197"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6867", "filesize": "123628248"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T17:51:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "144131"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1940426"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.81/1997.81_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022056"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160120, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mr. Batson"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:36.977000"}, {"id": 160121, "accession_number": "1997.82", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1775. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Gray and red wash over graphite, heightened with white gouache on laid paper; sheet: 5.4 x 4.7 cm (2 1/8 x 1 7/8 in.); secondary support: 5.3 x 4.8 cm (2 1/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.82", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gray and red wash over graphite, heightened with white gouache on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, discolored to yellow-brown, laid down on light brown wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Sheet: 5.4 x 4.7 cm (2 1/8 x 1 7/8 in.); Secondary Support: 5.3 x 4.8 cm (2 1/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.054, "width": 0.047}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.053, "width": 0.048}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, in bottom half, in graphite: Anne of / Denmark ; in top half, in graphite: 141 [upside down]\r\ninscribed in graphite on verso of drawing, at top: very dark brown hair / . . . ry . . .; inscribed in brown ink on verso of drawing: to be set[s?] in . . . / and put in a Black / Frame largest . . . / [G . . .\u2019s?] Size", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by inheritance to his daughter Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), daughter of the artist by Sarah Midgeley, gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877), by inheritance to his daughter Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 9)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH \n by inheritance to his daughter Helen Perry", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-c. 1957", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Helen Perry, (n\u00e9e Greene, 1911-1996), Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1957-96", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Estate of Mrs. A. Dean Perry (Helen Perry), gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1996-97", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mrs. A. Dean Perry, who donated this drawing to CMA, is the granddaughter of one of the museum\u2019s founding members, Jeptha Homer Wade II.", "description": "This portrait was assigned the historically colorful but fictitious title of \u201cAnne of Denmark\u201d at some point after memory of its true identity had been lost. Giving illustrious titles to portraits of unknown sitters was a popular strategy adopted by dealers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, often applied to miniature portraits and, in particular, to Smart\u2019s sketches of women. Only the sitter\u2019s head and neck are drawn, and a low-necked dress is faintly suggested. Her head is turned to the left, and her brown hair is dressed high, with flat curls against the back of her head. A lightly drawn veil falls over the back of the hair and shoulders. The sitter\u2019s sagging jaw line and the lines beneath her blue-green eyes suggest that she was painted as a mature woman. The sketch is generally faded, and the background is unpainted. The finished ivory miniature for which this drawing was presumably a preparatory sketch has not yet been discovered. The sitter\u2019s identification has been based on a later inscription in graphite on the verso of the paper backing. When the paper backing was removed from the back of the drawing in 2011, an inscription in brown ink in the artist\u2019s hand was discovered. The writing appears to be a fragment, created when the small rectangle containing the portrait was cut from a larger sheet. It reads, \u201cto be set[?] in . . . / and put in a Black / Frame largest . . . / [G . . .\u2019s?] Size.\u201d Above this, \u201cvery dark brown hair\u201d is written in graphite.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980825"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.82-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "lot 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 70, 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 38, pp. 170-171", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.82", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.82/1997.82_web.jpg", "width": "822", "height": "893", "filesize": "156686", "filename": "1997.82_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.82/1997.82_print.jpg", "width": "3129", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2346912", "filename": "1997.82_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.82/1997.82_full.tif", "width": "5928", "height": "6440", "filesize": "114551252", "filename": "1997.82_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-02-07T16:35:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "893", "filesize": "526786"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2442", "height": "2760", "filesize": "4569960"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2442", "height": "2760", "filesize": "20242384"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T15:30:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "799", "height": "893", "filesize": "518370"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2462", "height": "2753", "filesize": "4672464"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2462", "height": "2753", "filesize": "20366504"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T14:53:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "797", "height": "893", "filesize": "582980"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3035", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9038589"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3033", "height": "3397", "filesize": "30939484"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T17:38:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "798", "height": "893", "filesize": "133583"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3040", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2073673"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5760", "height": "6442", "filesize": "111340016"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T17:46:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "134857"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1927354"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.82/1997.82_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022052"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160121, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Anne of Denmark"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:09.522000"}, {"id": 170880, "accession_number": "2013.348", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Court Lady Pouring Wine (recto); Calligraphy of Lyrical Quatrains (verso), c. 1760; borders mid-1700s. Mughal India, probably Lucknow. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 30.6 x 25 cm (12 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.348", "current_location": null, "title": "Court Lady Pouring Wine (recto); Calligraphy of Lyrical Quatrains (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1760; borders mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India, probably Lucknow"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 30.6 x 25 cm (12 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.179, "width": 0.13}, "page": {"height": 0.306, "width": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso: Persian verses in nasta\u2018liq script.\nWhoever set eyes on the Opening Verses of your face recited \u201cSay He is the Only God\u201d and breathed it out in pure sincerity.\n\u201cGod has made her grow in purity and beauty,\u201d So recited and passed by Khizr, the moment he saw the green [pubescent] sprouting around your lips.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: Persian verses in top horizontal border, right to left, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nMy heart became shackled to her tresses;\nYou have lost your head in fulfilling this desire.\n\nGo and become entangled in her tresses.\nIf you see her mouth, do not say a word.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: Persian verses in bottom horizontal border, right to left, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nIf she asks you what you desire, say \u201cyour heart.\u201d\nSince once she knows it, one could never banish her from one\u2019s heart.\n\nFor one cannot assure one\u2019s heart based on her words of promise;\nIt is not fitting that one should lose one\u2019s heart for naught.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: Persian verses in right vertical border, top to bottom, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nFrom the anguished mood and state of this sorrowful heart,\nNarrate down the story as you brush down her tresses [conjectural] \n\nOf me, in an unfit state, shackled and in chains\nHow I fare in that stifling prison.\n\nIf you go and seek her out in that abode\nOnce you find her, you should say of me, the heartbroken.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso: Persian verses in left vertical border, bottom to top, in nasta\u2018liq script.\nI have a heart ensnared by her tresses\nExiled in foreign lands [. . .] of her tresses\n\nThe tale of this broken-hearted soul, like disheveled hair\nBring to her ears in a well-composed manner, like well-arranged hair\n\nEnchain her tresses in your speech\nBrush her locks behind her for a while.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Beauty in Asia. Asian Civilizations Museum, Singapore (May 3-September 23, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-05-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Charles Forbes, 7th Baronet [1773-1849], Bengal, London, and Scotland, by descent to his great-grandson, Colonel Sir John Forbes", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1849", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Colonel Sir John Stewart Forbes [1901-1984], Baronet, DSO, DL, Allargue House, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK, consigned to Sotheby's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1962", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures, lot 21)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001], Beverly Hills, CA, by descent to his wife Catherine Benkaim", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-2001", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001-2013", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bird-headed decanter evokes blood rites of kingship in pre-Islamic Iran.", "description": "The artist has depicted a glass or crystal duck-headed decanter adorned with a gilded grapevine motif, signaling the contents. The red wine flows from the duck\u2019s mouth into a tiny cup. Such bird-shaped wine vessels are vestiges of the blood sacrifices once part of ancient Persian court rituals. On the verso, floral sprigs illuminate the central calligraphic work, and paired verses have been written in smaller script all around the border. On this page, all the verses are about the beauty of\u2014and longing for\u2014the beloved.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482247"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.348-court-lady-pouring-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's, London. Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures. December 10, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Lot 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krishnan, Gauri Parimoo. Beauty in Asia: 200 BCE to Today. Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 31a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 85, p. 258", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.348", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.348/2013.348_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "900", "filesize": "212577", "filename": "2013.348_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.348/2013.348_print.jpg", "width": "2788", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2388226", "filename": "2013.348_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.348/2013.348_full.tif", "width": "5733", "height": "6991", "filesize": "120270876", "filename": "2013.348_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170880, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760; borders mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a court lady pouring wine", "Court lady pouring wine"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:24.370000"}, {"id": 170881, "accession_number": "2013.348.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Court Lady Pouring Wine (recto), c. 1760. Attributed to Muhammad Rizavi Hindi (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera and gold on paper; painting: 20.6 x 14.6 cm (8 1/8 x 5 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.348.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Court Lady Pouring Wine (recto)", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Mughal India, probably Lucknow"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 20.6 x 14.6 cm (8 1/8 x 5 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.206, "width": 0.146}, "page": {"height": 0.306, "width": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso: Illuminated panel of Persian poetry in nast'aliq calligraphy", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Beauty in Asia. Asian Civilizations Museum, Singapore (May 3-September 23, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-05-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Charles Forbes, 7th Baronet (1773-1849), Bengal, London, and Scotland, by descent to his great-grandson, Colonel Sir John Forbes", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1849", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Colonel Sir John Stewart Forbes [1901-1984], Baronet, DSO, DL, Allargue House, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK, consigned to Sotheby's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1962", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures, lot 21)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001], Beverly Hills, CA, by descent to his wife Catherine Benkaim", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-2001", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001-2013", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bird-headed decanter evokes blood rites of kingship in pre-Islamic Iran.", "description": "The artist has depicted a glass or crystal duck-headed decanter adorned with a gilded grapevine motif, signaling the contents. The red wine flows from the duck\u2019s mouth into a tiny cup. Such bird-shaped wine vessels are vestiges of the blood sacrifices once part of ancient Persian court rituals. On the verso, floral sprigs illuminate the central calligraphic work, and paired verses have been written in smaller script all around the border. On this page, all the verses are about the beauty of\u2014and longing for\u2014the beloved.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482257"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.348.a-court-lady-pouring-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's, London. Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures. December 10, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Lot 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krishnan, Gauri Parimoo. Beauty in Asia: 200 BCE to Today. Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 31a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Music was an essential component of courtly entertainment, along with the drinking of wine and the appreciation of poetry, paintings, and jewels.
On the verso, the first two lines in Persian read: Once again, Iraqi broke his vows: From the cup of love he became intoxicated and ecstatic.
The excerpt from the mystic poet Jami is more of a pious injunction: Until you are bold enough to take to the seas, You will not reap spiritual benefits from your inner heart. Unless you pitch your tent next to the spiritual guide, You will not enjoy him to the fullest.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482267"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.349-court-lady-singing-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's, London. Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures. December 10, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Lot 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krishnan, Gauri Parimoo. Beauty in Asia: 200 BCE to Today. Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 31b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Rama gathered an army of monkeys and bears, and rescued Sita. The chiefs of the monkey and bear armies pay their respects to the reunited royal couple.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483076"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.117-enthroned-rama-and-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "R\u0101m\u0101ya\u1e47a. Translated by Madeleine Biardeau and Marie-Claude Porcher. Paris: Diane de Selliers \u00c9diteur, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries: Newly acquired Indian paintings.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 58, no. 6 (November/December 2018): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-06/page/n17/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. 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Possibly by Sahib Ram (Indian, active 1745\u20131803). Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 27.9 cm (7 7/8 x 11 in.). 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26, 2022-March 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1994/95; Fort Worth, Kimbell Art Museum, 1995; New Orleans, New Orleans Museum of Art, 1995; London, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1995/96.", "opening_date": "1995-04-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ex collection: Kumar Sangram Singh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Purchased from Christie\u2019s, New York, March 21, 2001, lot 198", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001\u20132018", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The monks seated next to the teacher place their whisk-brooms before them.", "description": "A manuscript lies on a low table in front of the preacher, who holds one hand up in the gesture of discourse, and the other holds a cloth to shield his mouth from insects. The audience of laypeople includes men gathered near the front of the composition, and women in a group toward the back.
The preacher and the white-clad figures behind him are Jain householder monks, permitted to grow hair and moustaches and to wear a colored shawl that indicates higher status. Householder monks in Rajasthan often served as scribes and maintained manuscript libraries.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483300"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.171-shvetambara-jain-tea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Singh, Kumar Sangram. Catalogue of Indian Miniature Paintings (Collection of Kumar Sangram Singh of Nawalgarh): Exhibited in the Rajasthan University Library, Jaipur, from 12th to 17th December, 1965. 1965.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya, with contributions by Shridhar Andhare and others. The Peaceful Liberators: Jain Art from India. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 119B, fig. 32, p. 45 and 255.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pratap, Rita. The Panorama of Jaipur Paintings. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld,1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. XXXIV, mentioned: p. 83 and 88.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.171", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.171/2018.171_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "645", "filesize": "255983", "filename": "2018.171_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.171/2018.171_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2435", "filesize": "2664852", "filename": "2018.171_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.171/2018.171_full.tif", "width": "7748", "height": "5549", "filesize": "129021732", "filename": "2018.171_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T14:45:51.018000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.171/2018.171_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "648", "filesize": "130280"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.171/2018.171_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2447", "filesize": "1496869"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.171/2018.171_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7762", "height": "5586", "filesize": "130111656"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314476, "creators": [{"id": 61875, "description": "Sahib Ram (Indian, active 1745\u20131803)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "possibly by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Svetambara Jain Teacher Giving Instruction", "The Jain teacher Shvetambara giving instruction"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:20.570000"}, {"id": 296866, "accession_number": "2018.34", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dance staff for E\u0300s\u0323u\u0300 (\u00d2g\u00f2 \u00c8l\u1eb9\u0301gba), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style maker. Wood, leather, cowrie shells, seeds, and natural fiber; 62 cm (24 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2018.34", "current_location": null, "title": "Dance staff for E\u0300s\u0323u\u0300 (\u00d2g\u00f2 \u00c8l\u1eb9\u0301gba)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, leather, cowrie shells, seeds, and natural fiber", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "62 cm (24 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.62}, "overall": {"height": 0.625, "width": 0.39, "depth": 0.12}, "figures": {"height": 0.29}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 324225, "title": "African art rotation", "description": "African art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20, 2019-October 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Utotombo: L'Art d'Afrique noire dans les collections priv\u00e9es belges. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (March 25 - June 5, 1988)", "opening_date": "1988-03-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Lucien Van de Velde [1910\u20131996], Anvers, Belgium, sold to Dr. Marc Lorre)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131974", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Marc Lorre, Antwerp, Belgium, sold to Christie\u2019s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1974\u20132012", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, Paris, France, December 11, 2012, no. 59, sold to a private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, Paris, France, sold to Christie\u2019s", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, Paris, France, April 8, 2018, Sale 16061 Arts d'Afrique, d'Oc\u00e9anie et d'Am\u00e9rique, no. 58 sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "If Eshu isn\u2019t properly honored, trouble may befall the community or individual.", "description": "\u00c8\u1e63\u00f9 (also called \u00c8l\u0323\u00e9gba) embodies the most complex deity in the Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 pantheon of gods. The messenger of the Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 gods, \u00c8\u1e63\u00f9 is also the bearer of sacrifices, guardian of the ritual way of life, and is associated with highly significant places including crossroads, markets, and home entrances. As seen here, \u00c8\u1e63\u00f9's power is often visually represented in \u00d2g\u00f2 \u00c8l\u0323\u00e9gba (dance staffs); in this example, the unusually paired man and woman reference his ability to switch between the two genders, turn death into life (through childbirth), and to overcome the tension between the sexes. The male character bears a ritual flute reserved for this god. The abundance of cowrie shells means that \u00c8\u1e63\u00f9 brings wealth.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872551"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.34-dance-staff-for-esu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Debbaut, Jan, Dominique Favart, and G. van Geertruyen. Utotombo: l'art d'Afrique noire dans les collections prive\u0301es belges. Exh. Cat. Brussels: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, March 25-June 5, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163, cat. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John, John Pemberton, Rowland Abiodun, and Allen Wardwell. Yoruba: Nine centuries of African art and thought. New York: Center for African Art in association with H.N. Abrams, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nzewi, Ugochukwu-Smooth. \u201cAcquisitions 2018: African Art.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 2 (March/April 2019): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 9; Mentioned: P. 8, 9.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-02/page/n3/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.34", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.34/2018.34_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "900", "filesize": "148178", "filename": "2018.34_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.34/2018.34_print.jpg", "width": "2512", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1360094", "filename": "2018.34_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.34/2018.34_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8121", "filesize": "146207324", "filename": "2018.34_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-05-29T09:35:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "148416"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1375961"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8011", "filesize": "144227204"}}, {"date_created": "2018-05-29T09:56:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "900", "filesize": "151607"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2511", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1416668"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8125", "filesize": "146279296"}}, {"date_created": "2018-05-29T11:13:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "660", "height": "900", "filesize": "120393"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2492", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1119457"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5752", "height": "7849", "filesize": "135470684"}}, {"date_created": "2018-05-29T11:42:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "900", "filesize": "120424"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2519", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1149787"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5803", "height": "7834", "filesize": "136410324"}}, {"date_created": "2018-05-29T11:59:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "900", "filesize": "149692"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2608", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1413119"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.34/2018.34_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5906", "height": "7701", "filesize": "136475812"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 296866, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-06-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Dance staff for E\u0300s\u0323u\u0300"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:20.879000"}, {"id": 139493, "accession_number": "1963.294", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Immaculate Conception, c. 1770. Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775). Painted and gilded wood; overall: 78.6 x 34.5 x 19.2 cm (30 15/16 x 13 9/16 x 7 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.294", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "The Immaculate Conception", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Munich, 18th century"], "technique": "painted and gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 78.6 x 34.5 x 19.2 cm (30 15/16 x 13 9/16 x 7 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.786, "width": 0.345, "depth": 0.192}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, Munich (sold, Weinm\u00fcller, Munich, December 5-6, 1962, lot no. 1149, to Kurt Rossacher)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Christian doctrine of the Immaculate Conception maintains that the Virgin Mary was conceived free from sin, ready to be the pure vessel for Christ\u2019s birth. Depicting such an abstract idea required specific imagery. The moon beneath the Virgin\u2019s feet, for example, comes from the New Testament vision of Saint John the Evangelist (Revelation 12:1) of \u201ca woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet,\u201d while the serpent upon which she treads symbolizes Christ\u2019s triumph over original sin. With his characteristically delicate modeling, elongated proportions, and soft coloring, Ignaz G\u00fcnther created an archetypal image of innocence on the cusp of womanhood.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740142"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.294-the-immaculate-conce"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50, no. 10 (1963): 263-94.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 2, Reproduced: p. 247", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Eighteenth-century Sculpture from Germany and Austria.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art, LI, no. 1 (January, 1964): 1-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and p. 9, fig. 7, detail", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH:1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Woeckel, Gerhard P. Franz Ignaz Gu\u0308nther: d. grosse Bildhauer d. bayer. Rokoko. Regensburg, DK: Pustet, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124; Mentioned: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n186"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.294", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.294/1963.294_web.jpg", "width": "564", "height": "893", "filesize": "258667", "filename": "1963.294_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.294/1963.294_print.jpg", "width": "2149", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3569578", "filename": "1963.294_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.294/1963.294_full.tif", "width": "3870", "height": "6124", "filesize": "71204662", "filename": "1963.294_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-01-06T21:10:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "447", "height": "893", "filesize": "190200"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1701", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2609082"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2971", "height": "5940", "filesize": "52981312"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-06T20:12:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "299516"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3953934"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4458", "height": "5945", "filesize": "79550972"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-06T20:16:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "447", "height": "893", "filesize": "187116"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1700", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2608973"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3013", "height": "6025", "filesize": "54512542"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-06T20:36:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "599885"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "4557728"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4041", "height": "3031", "filesize": "36788042"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-07T15:16:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "319684"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4105945"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4220", "height": "5626", "filesize": "71283184"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-07T16:21:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "804", "height": "893", "filesize": "471121"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3062", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5564077"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1963.294/1963.294_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3302", "height": "3666", "filesize": "36353572"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139493, "creators": [{"id": 12250, "description": "Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1775", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madonna of the Immaculate Conception"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:09.490000"}, {"id": 125332, "accession_number": "1947.285", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase, c. 1710\u20131715. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710). Red stoneware; diameter: 9.6 cm (3 3/4 in.); overall: 28.5 x 14.4 cm (11 1/4 x 5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of A. & R. Ball, 1947.285", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Vase", "creation_date": "c. 1710\u20131715", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Meissen, 18th century"], "technique": "red stoneware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 9.6 cm (3 3/4 in.); Overall: 28.5 x 14.4 cm (11 1/4 x 5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.096}, "overall": {"height": 0.285, "width": 0.144}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520070, "title": "Relief Decorated Ceramics Through the Ages", "description": "Relief Decorated Ceramics Through the Ages. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (April 1-30, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Because of firing difficulties, early Meissen red stoneware is often inconsistent in color. That is true of this piece, the neck of which is darker than the body. Faint traces of gilding remain on the neck, indicating that originally the change in color was disguised by an overlay of gilded ornament.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741912"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.285-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"A Gift of Continental Ceramics.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 10 (December 1948): 224, 229.", "page_number": "Metnioned: p. 224; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141516"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 309", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n61"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n153"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.285", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.285/1947.285_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "893", "filesize": "222367", "filename": "1947.285_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.285/1947.285_print.jpg", "width": "2574", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3271595", "filename": "1947.285_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.285/1947.285_full.tif", "width": "4542", "height": "6000", "filesize": "81786084", "filename": "1947.285_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-05-11T15:23:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.285/1947.285_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "228336"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.285/1947.285_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3387635"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1947.285/1947.285_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4691", "height": "6000", "filesize": "84468132"}}], "creditline": "Gift of A. & R. Ball", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125332, "creators": [{"id": 11685, "description": "Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "the first and for half a century the best in Europe. It set a high standard which was emulated everywhere, even in China. Founded in 1710 as the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufacture by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, at Meissen, near Dresden.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1710", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710\u20131715", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:57.046000"}, {"id": 136938, "accession_number": "1961.414", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kneeling Saint, 1750\u20131800. Germany, Munich, second half 18th century. Painted and gilded wood; overall: 118.1 x 90 x 50 cm (46 1/2 x 35 7/16 x 19 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1961.414", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Kneeling Saint", "creation_date": "1750\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Munich, second half 18th century"], "technique": "painted and gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 118.1 x 90 x 50 cm (46 1/2 x 35 7/16 x 19 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.181, "width": 0.9, "depth": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "Year in Review - 1962. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edward R. Lubin, Inc. (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This serene figure would originally have been part of a larger group, perhaps shown kneeling in adoration of Christ or the Virgin. He wears a knee-length dalmatic, the ecclesiastical dress of deacons (ordained ministers in the Catholic Church). Saints Lawrence and Stephen were among the most popular deacon saints, but lacking an identifying attribute\u2014probably once attached to the saint\u2019s outstretched hand\u2014it is not possible to associate this figure with a specific saint.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.414-kneeling-saint"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1962.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 49, no. 9 (1962): 199-227.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 13, p. 222", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151915."}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" The Art Quarterly XXV, no. 4 (Winter 1962): 396-413.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 400", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"Eighteenth-century Sculpture from Germany and Austria.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LI, no.1 (January, 1964):3-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n174"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n174"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n187"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Thesis Ph.D. Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 416", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.414", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.414/1961.414_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "349087", "filename": "1961.414_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.414/1961.414_print.jpg", "width": "2786", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4932395", "filename": "1961.414_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.414/1961.414_full.tif", "width": "4615", "height": "5632", "filesize": "78004128", "filename": "1961.414_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-03-09T15:31:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "893", "filesize": "341088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2653", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4757580"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4425", "height": "5670", "filesize": "75298836"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-09T18:21:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "329856"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2680", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4842348"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4616", "height": "5854", "filesize": "81094976"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-09T16:21:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "268864"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2363", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4050519"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4041", "height": "5812", "filesize": "70486512"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-09T18:58:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "893", "filesize": "255645"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2198", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3986782"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3976", "height": "6150", "filesize": "73384688"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-09T19:28:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "893", "filesize": "342550"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2654", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5342603"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4720", "height": "6046", "filesize": "85639696"}}, {"date_created": "2010-03-09T19:55:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "754", "height": "893", "filesize": "356163"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2871", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4990380"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.414/1961.414_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5910", "filesize": "88537544"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 136938, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:03.221000"}, {"id": 115988, "accession_number": "1936.685", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna Awaiting Radha, c. 1750\u201360. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 18.6 x 13.2 cm (7 5/16 x 5 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1936.685", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna Awaiting Radha", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 18.6 x 13.2 cm (7 5/16 x 5 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.186, "width": 0.132}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 708076, "title": "East Indian Art", "description": "East Indian Art. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (February 10-March 29, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311956, "title": "India's Art", "description": "India's Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 700743, "title": "Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts", "description": "Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (December 19, 1955-February 19, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701400, "title": "Indian Painting 12th-20th Century", "description": "Indian Painting 12th-20th Century. Chinese Art Society of America, New York, NY (organizer) (May 3-June 1, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518572, "title": "Rajput Painting", "description": "Rajput Painting. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "The Twain Shall Meet. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 293147, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 10-November 6, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Rajput Painting. Asia House, New York, NY (December 3, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-12-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ananda K. Coomaraswamy [1877\u20131947] sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131936", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Hindu god Krishna reclines on a bed, looking alertly ahead, waiting for his lover, Radha. He pays no attention to the two attendants holding a fan and peacock-feather whisk at his feet.
Indian painters sought to convey the essence of Hindu devotional texts. In both the paintings and poetry, emotional empathy is created through situations depicted and described. God waits for his devotee to set aside worldly distractions and come to him, in order to reach the goal of Hindu religious practice: freedom from suffering and oneness with god. Similarly, Krishna, who is god incarnate, anxiously waits for Radha, his lover, to arrive and experience the bliss of union.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513994"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1936.685-krishna-awaiting-rad"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. Rajput Painting. London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1916.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. XLIVa", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cThree Rajput Pictures.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 25, no. 6 (June 1938): 113\u2013114.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113-114", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137936"}, {"citation": "Archer, W. G. Indian Painting in the Punjab Hills; Essays. London: H.M. Stationary Off, 1952.", "page_number": "Guler no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 773", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Sickman, L. C. S. Masterpieces of Asian Art in American Collections. New York: Asia Society, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 31b, p. 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and George Montgomery. Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 81; plate 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coates, Robert M.. \"The Art Galleries Here and There.\" The New Yorker (December 31, 1960): 45-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 240", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n264"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 240", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n264"}, {"citation": "Spink, Walter M. Krishnamandala. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75, fig. 85; Mentioned: p. 122.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n330"}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 115", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.685", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.685/1936.685_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "900", "filesize": "240105", "filename": "1936.685_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.685/1936.685_print.jpg", "width": "2504", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2994856", "filename": "1936.685_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.685/1936.685_full.tif", "width": "5041", "height": "6846", "filesize": "103564400", "filename": "1936.685_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115988, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:20.648000"}, {"id": 130162, "accession_number": "1952.541", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, 1762\u20131770. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804). Oil on canvas; unframed: 60.4 x 48.6 cm (23 3/4 x 19 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harry D. Kendrick, 1952.541", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "1762\u20131770", "creation_date_earliest": 1762, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 60.4 x 48.6 cm (23 3/4 x 19 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.604, "width": 0.486}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361223, "title": "Tiepolo and His Contemporaries", "description": "Tiepolo and His Contemporaries. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 14-April 24, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-03-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443579, "title": "The Tiepolos: Painters to Princes and Prelates", "description": "The Tiepolos: Painters to Princes and Prelates. Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL (organizer) (January 8-February 19, 1978); Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield, OH, Springfield, OH (March 19-May 7, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228379, "title": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art", "description": "The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 9, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1928: \"Representative Art through the Ages (no catalogue).\"", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1934: \"Art of the XVIIth and XVIIIth Centuries\" (no catalogue).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 64.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938: \"Tiepolo and His Contemporaries,\" cat. no. 19, repr. (as Giambattista Tiepolo).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago, 1938: \"Paintings, Drawings, and Prints by the Two Tiepolos, Giambattista and Giandomenico,\" cat. no. 37, illus.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bordeaux, Galerie des Beaux-Arts, 1956: \"De Tiepolo \u00e0 Goya,\" cat. no. 58 (as Giambattista).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Birmingham (Alabama) Museum of Art, 1978: \"The Tiepolos, Painters to Princes and Prelates,\" cat. no. 94, p. 104, illus. p. 105. Springfield (Mass.) Museum of Fine Arts, 1978.", "opening_date": "1978-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oklahoma City Museum of Art (9/9/2010 - 1/2/2011): \"The Allure of La Serenissima: Eighteenth-Century Venetian Art\",cat. no. 31, p. 100.", "opening_date": "2010-09-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Richard Owen, died 1951 (Paris, France), by 1925;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Thomas Agnew & Sons (London, England), sold to Henry C. Dalton, 1928.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Henry C. Dalton, Cleveland, by inheritance to his nephew, Harry D. Kendrick;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Harry D. Kendrick, Cleveland, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This portrait was made in Spain, where the artist (the son of Giambattista Tiepolo, the great Venetian fresco painter) lived between 1762 and 1770.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483476"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n78"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n169"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n169"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n165"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 432; Mentioned: p. 433-434", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.541", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.541/1952.541_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "893", "filesize": "455755", "filename": "1952.541_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.541/1952.541_print.jpg", "width": "2761", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6798676", "filename": "1952.541_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.541/1952.541_full.tif", "width": "4026", "height": "4957", "filesize": "59909512", "filename": "1952.541_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2013-07-24T15:20:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "767", "height": "893", "filesize": "109307"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2922", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1630554"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6980", "filesize": "125664024"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-24T15:36:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "770", "height": "893", "filesize": "117173"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2933", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1716272"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5940", "height": "6884", "filesize": "122696860"}}, {"date_created": "2013-07-24T14:56:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "173236"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2829", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2506579"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.541/1952.541_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5104", "height": "6134", "filesize": "93967600"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Harry D. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130162, "creators": [{"id": 1185, "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1762, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1762\u20131770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Lady"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:18.110000"}, {"id": 98685, "accession_number": "1918.378", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vielle \u00e0 roue, 1700s. Pajot of J\u00e1nzat (French). Wood; overall: 74 x 33 cm (29 1/8 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.378", "current_location": null, "title": "Vielle \u00e0 roue", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 74 x 33 cm (29 1/8 x 13 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.74, "width": 0.33}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 106611, "description": "The fiddler and the hurdy-gurdy boy, c. 1654\u201356. Adriaen van Ostade (Dutch, 1610\u20131684). Etching; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr. 1924.656", "relationship": null}, {"id": 166604, "description": "The Beggars: The Hurdy-Gurdy Player, c. 1623. Jacques Callot (French, 1592\u20131635). Etching; The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Jane B. Tripp Charitable Lead Annuity Trust 2008.34.2", "relationship": null}, {"id": 136325, "description": "Two Beggars Fighting, 1610\u201320. Jacques Bellange (French, c. 1575\u20131616). Etching; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Fortieth Anniversary Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland in honor of William Mathewson Milliken 1960.20", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Also known as a \u201churdy-gurdy\u201d or \u201cwheel fiddle,\u201d this instrument produces sound by a hand crank-turned rosined wheel rubbing against the strings.", "description": "The instrumentalist could play melodies on the keyboard that presses tangents against one or more strings. Often there are also multiple drone strings, which give a constant pitch accompaniment to the melody, resulting in a sound similar to that of bagpipes.
This type of instrument is depicted in several artworks in the CMA collection: 1924.656, 2008.34.2, 1960.20.
The vielle \u00e0 roue is also related to the Swedish nyckelharpa, which was featured on the CMA performing arts series in 2017 played by Emilia Amper.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485313"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.378-vielle-a-roue"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (1918): 82-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "D. S. M. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 134-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.378", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.378/1918.378_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "900", "filesize": "194306", "filename": "1918.378_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.378/1918.378_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1646890", "filename": "1918.378_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.378/1918.378_full.tif", "width": "7540", "height": "10888", "filesize": "246312560", "filename": "1918.378_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-09-14T14:32:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "520", "filesize": "183606"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1964", "filesize": "1443832"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10724", "height": "6195", "filesize": "199331100"}}, {"date_created": "2020-09-14T14:34:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "514", "filesize": "183586"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1942", "filesize": "1444564"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10564", "height": "6035", "filesize": "191286644"}}, {"date_created": "2020-09-14T14:36:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "842", "height": "900", "filesize": "259387"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3182", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2195976"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5287", "height": "5650", "filesize": "89641968"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-29T13:46:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "614", "height": "900", "filesize": "184686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2319", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1535418"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6841", "height": "10030", "filesize": "205871244"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-29T15:57:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "481", "filesize": "248547"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1817", "filesize": "2219614"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt4_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "7590", "filesize": "323451508"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-29T16:40:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "900", "filesize": "408631"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3349", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4928264"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.378/1918.378_alt5_full.tif", "width": "7799", "height": "7918", "filesize": "185286760"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98685, "creators": [{"id": 18361, "description": "Pajot of J\u00e1nzat (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:49.728000"}, {"id": 114209, "accession_number": "1933.453", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna being dressed in women\u2019s clothes for the spring festival Holi, c. 1790. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Ink and gum tempera on paper; overall: 19 x 27.4 cm (7 1/2 x 10 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1933.453", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna being dressed in women\u2019s clothes for the spring festival Holi", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Ink and gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 19 x 27.4 cm (7 1/2 x 10 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.19, "width": 0.274}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 28-November 2, 2015.", "opening_date": "2015-04-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ananda K. Coomaraswamy [1877\u20131947], Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131933", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1933\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A few preliminary patches of color in the foreground indicate the palette intended to be applied to the entire painting.", "description": "The festival of Holi, which celebrates the arrival of spring, is a time of play when transgressing boundaries is allowed as part of the reckless joy and abandon of the day. Vats of colored water and powder in the foreground are used to fill handheld pumps to shoot colors at one another. The young women of the cowherd village where Krishna grew up gather around, fill their pumps, begin to play music, and cheekily dress Krishna as one of them. Radha, his favorite, holds his crown up high as she takes it away. He indulges them, just as he indulged all his devotees by taking on a human form. This unfinished work reveals the process of creating an Indian painting. The drawing was probably made by the master of the atelier who would have added the color notations, then given it to a colorist to paint. Another artist might have finished the faces and another the gold details before the work came back to the master for its finishing touches and final approval.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513887"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1933.453-hindu-god-krishna-be"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Coomaraswamy, Ananda K., and India Society. Indian Drawings. London: Printed for the India Society at the Essex House Press, 1910.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. XII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 125", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1933.453", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.453/1933.453_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "625", "filesize": "191210", "filename": "1933.453_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.453/1933.453_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2361", "filesize": "2267993", "filename": "1933.453_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.453/1933.453_full.tif", "width": "7029", "height": "4881", "filesize": "102955656", "filename": "1933.453_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114209, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1933-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:11.646000"}, {"id": 118041, "accession_number": "1939.164", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Yusuf and Zulaykha meeting, c. 1764. India, Provincial Mughal, Lucknow, 18th century. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 40.5 x 28 cm (15 15/16 x 11 in.); average: 21.5 x 15 cm (8 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., for the Coralie Walker Hanna Memorial Collection, 1939.164", "current_location": null, "title": "Yusuf and Zulaykha meeting", "creation_date": "c. 1764", "creation_date_earliest": 1759, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Provincial Mughal, Lucknow, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 40.5 x 28 cm (15 15/16 x 11 in.); Average: 21.5 x 15 cm (8 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.405, "width": 0.28}, "average": {"height": 0.215, "width": 0.15}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311956, "title": "India's Art", "description": "India's Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr., Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131939", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Joseph wears a Central Asian fur-trimmed hat and coat and holds Indian paan.", "description": "Joseph, called Yusuf in Arabic and Persian sources, had been thrown into a well by his jealous older brothers. Although his eldest brother intended to return and rescue him, Joseph was taken by a caravan and brought to Egypt to be sold as a slave. When Zulaykha saw Joseph in the market, she recognized him as the lover she had seen in her dreams since childhood and so purchased him for herself. When read as a religious allegory, Zulaykha\u2019s passionate desire for Joseph is interpreted as the yearning of the soul to be joined with the perfect beauty of God.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514265"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.164-yusuf-and-zulaykha-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"The Coralie Walker Hanna Memorial Collection Gift of Leonard C Hanna.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 26, no. 6 (June 1939): 84-115", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 108; Reproduced: p. 114", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25138016"}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.164", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.164/1939.164_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "138505", "filename": "1939.164_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.164/1939.164_print.jpg", "width": "2282", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1786483", "filename": "1939.164_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.164/1939.164_full.tif", "width": "4115", "height": "6131", "filesize": "75722680", "filename": "1939.164_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., for the Coralie Walker Hanna Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 118041, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1759, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1764", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Yusuf and Zulaykha Meeting"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:48.420000"}, {"id": 133653, "accession_number": "1956.272", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Los Caprichos: They Have Flown, Plate 61, 1799. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828). Etching and aquatint; image: 18.6 x 12.9 cm (7 5/16 x 5 1/16 in.); plate: 21.4 x 15 cm (8 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.); sheet: 31.9 x 22.3 cm (12 9/16 x 8 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1956.272", "current_location": null, "title": "They Have Flown, Plate 61", "series": "Los Caprichos", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "etching and aquatint", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 18.6 x 12.9 cm (7 5/16 x 5 1/16 in.); Plate: 21.4 x 15 cm (8 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.); Sheet: 31.9 x 22.3 cm (12 9/16 x 8 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.186, "width": 0.129}, "plate": {"height": 0.214, "width": 0.15}, "sheet": {"height": 0.319, "width": 0.223}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": "First Edition", "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309649, "title": "Goya, Gericault and Delacroix", "description": "Goya, Gericault and Delacroix. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-April 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. E. Weyhe, New York, NY, to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "August 23, 1956\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When Los Caprichos was first published in 1799, the series was sold in a perfumery and liquor shop in Madrid.", "description": "In the print series Los Caprichos, which translates as \u201ccaprices\u201d or \u201cartistic fantasies,\u201d Francisco de Goya drew on his expansive imagination to comment on Spanish society. The artist\u2019s critiques are not always clear, and many of the prints are intentionally ambiguous. Here, three witches support a young woman taking flight. Caught in the wind, her dress and veil transform her into a human butterfly, perhaps reflecting views at the time that characterized women as flighty. However, both the association of butterflies with life\u2019s fragility and the presence of witches\u2014often used by the artist to symbolize immorality and sex work\u2014may instead invite a more sinister interpretation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026015"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.272-ochenta-caprichos-vo", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.272-they-have-flown-plat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cGifts of the Print Club of Cleveland.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 47, no. 2 (February 1960): 28\u201335.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142379"}, {"citation": "Kruse, Jillian. Imagination in the Age of Reason: Prints and drawings showcase imagination's power.\" Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 65, no. 3 (2024): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Harris 96, 1st. edition, 1799; Perez Sanchez and Gallego p. 69 no. 61", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.272", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.272/1956.272_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "893", "filesize": "418587", "filename": "1956.272_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.272/1956.272_print.jpg", "width": "2424", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6588705", "filename": "1956.272_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.272/1956.272_full.tif", "width": "3688", "height": "5172", "filesize": "57254076", "filename": "1956.272_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133653, "creators": [{"id": 2386, "description": "Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-08-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1799, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1799", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:04.493000"}, {"id": 135082, "accession_number": "1958.125", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re), 1756\u201357. Francois Guillaume Tiron (French). Gold and enamel; overall: 3.2 x 5.1 cm (1 1/4 x 2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene, 1958.125", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re)", "creation_date": "1756\u201357", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1757, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century (style of Louis XV)"], "technique": "gold and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 3.2 x 5.1 cm (1 1/4 x 2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.032, "width": 0.051, "length": 0.069}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker's mark of Francois-Guillaume Tiron, master goldsmith in 1747, inside cover; left wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1756-1757, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark of Julien Berthe, Paris, 1750-1756, inside cover; left wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "The Magic of Still Life. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, October 21, 1986-March 8, 1987: The Magic of Still Life, no cat.", "opening_date": "1986-10-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the mid-1700s Fran\u00e7ois-Guillaume Tiron worked alongside his brother, Jean-Marie Tiron, one of the most celebrated makers of gold boxes of the 18th century.", "description": "The miniature paintings that decorated snuff boxes were depicted in intricate detail requiring complex technical skill. This box\u2019s miniatures are painted with enamel en plein, meaning the enamel has been applied directly to the metal of the box. A different enameling technique, basse-taille, is used to depict the doves and floral borders. Here, the gold has been chiseled away and filled with translucent enamel in order to produce a three-dimensional effect.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80027996"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.125-snuff-box-tabatiere"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 3 (March 1958): 35-94.", "page_number": "reproduced P 61", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Annual Report Issue for the Year 1957.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 6 (June 1958): 159-90. Accessed March 26, 2020.", "page_number": "mentioned P 168", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142278"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.125", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.125/1958.125_web.jpg", "width": "1232", "height": "893", "filesize": "688012", "filename": "1958.125_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.125/1958.125_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2464", "filesize": "4912679", "filename": "1958.125_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.125/1958.125_full.tif", "width": "3983", "height": "2887", "filesize": "34531496", "filename": "1958.125_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.125/1958.125_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "877", "filesize": "741920"}, "print": {"url": 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"2752", "filesize": "6222136"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.125/1958.125_alt11_full.tif", "width": "4300", "height": "3481", "filesize": "44941144"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135082, "creators": [{"id": 44085, "description": "Francois Guillaume Tiron (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "goldsmith", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756\u201357", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:46.900000"}, {"id": 144268, "accession_number": "1969.107", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Neck Pendant (Hei-tiki), 1800s. Pacific Islands, Polynesia, New Zealand, M\u0101ori people. Greenstone (pounamu) (nephrite?); overall: 16.9 x 10.2 cm (6 5/8 x 4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James B. Wadhams in memory of Miss Helen Humphreys, 1969.107", "current_location": null, "title": "Neck Pendant (Hei-tiki)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Pacific Islands, Polynesia, New Zealand, M\u0101ori people"], "technique": "Greenstone (pounamu) (nephrite?)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Oceania", "collection": "Oceanic Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 16.9 x 10.2 cm (6 5/8 x 4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.169, "width": 0.102}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Harry Beasley", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John Wise", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Harry Beasley; John Wise", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["327.1963"], "did_you_know": "Hei-tiki may represent Hine-te-Iwaiwa, a legendary ancestress who is the exemplar of M\u0101ori womanhood.", "description": "Among the M\u0101ori, leaders are hereditary and imbued with mana, power and prestige that can be embodied and passed down in the artworks associated with them. Hei-tiki are among these treasured, mana-charged heirlooms, which connect the living to ancestors of the islands\u2019 pre-European past. They may represent Hine-te-Iwaiwa, a legendary ancestress who is the exemplar of M\u0101ori womanhood and the patron of childbirth.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921199"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.107-neck-pendant-hei-tik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Frost, Natasha. \"He Calls the Tie a 'Colonia Noose.' Now Parliament Says It's No Longer Mandatory.\" The New York Times (February 10, 2021).", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/10/world/asia/new-zealand-Rawiri-Waititi-tie.html"}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \u201cThings That Don\u2019t Fit (Here).\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 18.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 18.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.107", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.107/1969.107_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "900", "filesize": "166993", "filename": "1969.107_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.107/1969.107_print.jpg", "width": "2726", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1096534", "filename": "1969.107_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.107/1969.107_full.tif", "width": "7450", "height": "9292", "filesize": "207701648", "filename": "1969.107_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-02-05T18:22:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.107/1969.107_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "779", "height": "900", "filesize": "182148"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.107/1969.107_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2941", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1311285"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.107/1969.107_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7664", "height": "8860", "filesize": "203734736"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James B. Wadhams in memory of Miss Helen Humphreys", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144268, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:20.189000"}, {"id": 144506, "accession_number": "1969.203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Five Guineas: Anne (obverse); Shields and rose (reverse), 1703. England, Anne, 1702-1714. Gold; diameter: 2.9 cm (1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.203", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Guineas: Anne (obverse); Shields and rose (reverse)", "creation_date": "1703", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1703, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, Anne, 1702-1714"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 2.9 cm (1 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.029}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "ANNA . DEI . GRATIA; below: VIGO.", "inscription_translation": "Anne by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "MAG BR. FRA ET. HIB REG 1703", "inscription_translation": "Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "DECUS ET TUTAMEN", "inscription_translation": "An ornament and a safeguard.", "inscription_remark": "Edge, Another interpretation is \u2018glory and defense\u2019", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Reginald Huth (1853-1926), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1926", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sale: Sotheby's London, 4/4/1927", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "4/4/1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Of the five guineas struck for circulation, this type is the rarest.", "description": "The coinage during Anne's reign remained fairly constant to the designs inaugurated in 1662. Before the Act of Union with Scotland (1706), the arms of England and Scotland remained separate, as shown. After the act the two arms were conjoined on one shield. The word Vigo denotes that the coins were struck from gold captured from the Spanish at the Battle of Vigo Bay (1702). Although silver coins bearing the Vigo inscription are less rare, the three gold denominations bearing the symbol are all extremely rare.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921800"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.203-five-guineas-anne-ob"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby & Co. (London, England). Coins and Medals, the Property of the Late Reginald Huth, Esq., of 32, Phillimore Gardens, London, Sold by Order of Noel Huth, Esq. London: Sotheby's, 1927.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. [Catalog. 1968.", "page_number": "p. 62", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.203/1969.203_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "447", "filesize": "263454", "filename": "1969.203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.203/1969.203_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1687", "filesize": "2432394", "filename": "1969.203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.203/1969.203_full.tif", "width": "4128", "height": "2048", "filesize": "25387868", "filename": "1969.203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T03:34:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.203/1969.203_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "893", "filesize": "321369"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.203/1969.203_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2064", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1528348"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.203/1969.203_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2064", "height": "2048", "filesize": "12708884"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144506, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1703", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:23.650000"}, {"id": 144693, "accession_number": "1969.35", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Radha's hair being dressed, c. 1790\u20131800. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera with touches of color on paper; image: 25 x 17 cm (9 13/16 x 6 11/16 in.); overall: 29.7 x 20.3 cm (11 11/16 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1969.35", "current_location": null, "title": "Radha's hair being dressed", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera with touches of color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 25 x 17 cm (9 13/16 x 6 11/16 in.); Overall: 29.7 x 20.3 cm (11 11/16 x 8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.25, "width": 0.17}, "overall": {"height": 0.297, "width": 0.203}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Radha\u2019s mirror, as well as the curving bodies of the women and their fans, mimic the ovular frame of the drawing.", "description": "This drawing is probably a study for a finished painting rather than an underdrawing that was meant to be painted over, due to the care and attention given to the fine details and expressions. Our attention is so focused on Radha in the center, as she applies an ornament in the mirror, that we scarcely notice Krishna peeping at her from a second-story window. Her attendants hold up a curtain to give her privacy, while others fix her hair, hold the mirror, whisk away the flies, and bring her drinks. In the background, female musicians carry instruments for a performance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470601"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.35-radha-s-hair-being-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ohri, Vishwa Chander. Arts of Himachal. Simla: State Museum, Dept. of Languages & Cultural Affairs, Himachal Pradesh, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 127", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.35", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.35/1969.35_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "900", "filesize": "229943", "filename": "1969.35_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.35/1969.35_print.jpg", "width": "2297", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2771310", "filename": "1969.35_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.35/1969.35_full.tif", "width": "4779", "height": "7075", "filesize": "101465844", "filename": "1969.35_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144693, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:21.400000"}, {"id": 144804, "accession_number": "1969.58", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eight-faceted Bottle (\ubc31\uc790 \ucca0\ucc44 \uc74c\uac01\ubb38 \ud314\uac01\ubcd1 (\u767d\u78c1\u9435\u5f69\u9670\u523b\u6587\u516b\u89d2\u7501)), 1800s-1900s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Stoneware; overall: 23.2 cm (9 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund, 1969.58", "current_location": null, "title": "Eight-faceted Bottle", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \ucca0\ucc44 \uc74c\uac01\ubb38 \ud314\uac01\ubcd1 (\u767d\u78c1\u9435\u5f69\u9670\u523b\u6587\u516b\u89d2\u7501)", "creation_date": "1800s-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "stoneware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 23.2 cm (9 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.232}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.097}, "outer diameter": {"width": 0.14}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.035}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The exquisite hue of this bottle is from iron oxide, also known as \u201cpurple oxide.\u201d", "description": "Toward the end of the 18th century, multifaceted bottles like this one became popular with the growing demand from both the elites as well as the middle class. The dark-brown iron oxide pigment makes this eight-faceted bottle earthy, yet sophisticated.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922316"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.58-eight-faceted-bottle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 365", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n385"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.58", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.58/1969.58_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "57100", "filename": "1969.58_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.58/1969.58_print.jpg", "width": "2542", "height": "3400", "filesize": "680745", "filename": "1969.58_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.58/1969.58_full.tif", "width": "4093", "height": "5474", "filesize": "67242036", "filename": "1969.58_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-17T18:42:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "679", "height": "893", "filesize": "54798"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2584", "height": "3400", "filesize": "649226"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4207", "height": "5534", "filesize": "69872036"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T18:49:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "54499"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "660223"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4364", "height": "5648", "filesize": "73970472"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T18:56:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "57043"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2666", "height": "3400", "filesize": "701321"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4283", "height": "5462", "filesize": "70207152"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-17T19:03:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "972", "height": "893", "filesize": "106551"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3124", "filesize": "1120015"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.58/1969.58_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3881", "height": "3567", "filesize": "41555888"}}], "creditline": "Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144804, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:47.022000"}, {"id": 144933, "accession_number": "1970.137.1.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box in Form of Lotus Leaf, 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Ivory; overall: 5.1 cm (2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lois Clarke, 1970.137.1.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Box in Form of Lotus Leaf", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 5.1 cm (2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.051, "length": 0.111}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442330, "title": "Chinese Ivories: from the Shang to the Qing", "description": "Chinese Ivories: from the Shang to the Qing. The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (May 24-August 19, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-05-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. 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New York: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 136", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2000.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.3/2000.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "253079", "filename": "2000.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.3/2000.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "1670606", "filename": "2000.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.3/2000.3_full.tif", "width": "4460", "height": "3568", "filesize": "47766000", "filename": "2000.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-15T17:06:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "162214"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "1187963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4460", "height": "3568", "filesize": "47772888"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1096", "height": "893", "filesize": "110905"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2771", "filesize": "776175"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6495", "height": "5294", "filesize": "103212892"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "739", "filesize": "171195"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2790", "filesize": "1201410"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2000.3/2000.3_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6452", "height": "5294", "filesize": "102528104"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161652, "creators": [{"id": 18265, "description": "Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-03-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:17.026000"}, {"id": 168428, "accession_number": "2010.207", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Neckpiece with panel (umphapheni), 1800s\u20131900s. Africa, Southern African, South Africa, Southeast Cape Region, Northern Nguni (Zulu)-style maker. Glass beads, plant fiber, copper alloy, and iron; overall: 68.6 cm (27 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.207", "current_location": null, "title": "Neckpiece with panel (umphapheni)", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern African, South Africa, Southeast Cape Region, Northern Nguni (Zulu)-style maker"], "technique": "Glass beads, plant fiber, copper alloy, and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 68.6 cm (27 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.686}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 17, 2011-February 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (4/16/11-2/26/12); \"The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects from Southeast Africa\" cat. no. 71", "opening_date": "2011-04-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Jacaranda Tribal LLC, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The seed beads that make up this neckpiece were imported to southern Africa by European traders who tailored their wares to local tastes and color preferences; beads came first from Venice and Murano, and later from Bohemia in the twentieth century.", "description": "Consisting of a tasseled length attached to a rectangular panel joined by metal buttons, this neckpiece (umphapheni) was likely worn along with waistbands and headpieces with the same color scheme and patterns. Joined together using stitches and zig-zag patterns popular around the turn of the 20th century, glass beadwork was heavy to wear. The fringe\u2014typical of Zulu-style Northern Nguni beadwork\u2014added additional weight. The imported glass beads testify to centuries of trade connections between southern Africa and Europe, while the brass buttons\u2014probably drawn from a British soldier\u2019s uniform\u2014allude to the Anglo-Zulu conflicts of the 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.207-neckpiece-with-panel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pemberton, John, III. African Beaded Art\" Power and Adornment, exh. cat. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College Museum of Art, 2008, cat. 101", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cExhibitions through November 2022.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 62, no. 3 (September 2022): 13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 13.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.207", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.207/2010.207_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "893", "filesize": "445068", "filename": "2010.207_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.207/2010.207_print.jpg", "width": "2962", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7170692", "filename": "2010.207_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.207/2010.207_full.tif", "width": "4696", "height": "5390", "filesize": "75962988", "filename": "2010.207_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-25T15:04:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.207/2010.207_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "893", "filesize": "423585"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.207/2010.207_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2809", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6854835"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.207/2010.207_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4539", "height": "5493", "filesize": "74826700"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168428, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Neckpiece"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:32.186000"}, {"id": 169257, "accession_number": "2011.141", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maharana Jagat Singh Attending the Raslila, 1736. Attributed to Jai Ram (Indian, active 1710\u201340), and/or Jiva (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera, gold, and silver on paper; sheet: 67.5 x 49 cm (26 9/16 x 19 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Maxeen and John Flower in honor of Dr. Stanislaw Czuma, 2011.141", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharana Jagat Singh Attending the Raslila", "creation_date": "1736", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1736, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Mewar, Udaipur, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera, gold, and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 67.5 x 49 cm (26 9/16 x 19 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.675, "width": 0.49}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444478, "title": "A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur", "description": "A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 10, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5-April 27, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-05T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. John [1921\u20132011] and Maxeen Stone Flower [1928\u20132010], Shaker Heights, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132011", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting is one of a set of eight.", "description": "To celebrate the New Year festival of Diwali, dancers reenact the life story of the Hindu god Krishna in a palace courtyard by candlelight under the full moon. The king, a vassal of the Mughal emperor, sits with the halo of divine sanction for his rule at the left of the courtyard, smoking from a golden goat-shaped hookah, with his young son and heir at his side. At the top of the composition, a dancer dressed in blue with a peacock-feather crown plays the part of Krishna. In the upper right corner, a canopy painted with swirling storm clouds stands for the rainstorm sent by the jealous king of the gods, who is shown in the middle of the canopy with his consort and mount, the elephant with seven trunks. Guards and grooms in the foreground entertain themselves with music while they wait with the horses of visiting nobles. The formal geometric gardens, playful use of perspective, and individualized portraiture indicate the selective adoption of the styles and sensibilities of the imperial Mughal court in the paintings from this large-format series.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480746"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.141-maharana-jagat-singh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Topsfield, Andrew. \"The Court Painters of Udaipur.\" The V&A Album 1 (1982): 182-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4, p. 185.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Diamond, Debra, and Dipti Khera, eds. A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur. Munich, Germany: Hirmer Publishers; Washington, D.C.: National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: No. 59, P. 243, detail P. 244-45; Mentioned: P. 234, 245, 346.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.141", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.141/2011.141_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "900", "filesize": "361486", "filename": "2011.141_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.141/2011.141_print.jpg", "width": "2630", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3882427", "filename": "2011.141_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.141/2011.141_full.tif", "width": "9418", "height": "12176", "filesize": "344050146", "filename": "2011.141_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-08-15T15:53:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "532144"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2543", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7923784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4234", "height": "5659", "filesize": "71911876"}}, {"date_created": "2021-03-11T11:30:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "900", "filesize": "297997"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2630", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4561424"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9418", "height": "12176", "filesize": "344045614"}}, {"date_created": "2021-03-11T11:32:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "532", "filesize": "354676"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2010", "filesize": "3782395"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "6296", "filesize": "201222326"}}, {"date_created": "2021-03-11T11:34:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "622", "filesize": "330439"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2351", "filesize": "3026184"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt3_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "7366", "filesize": "235413854"}}, {"date_created": "2021-03-11T11:48:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "738", "filesize": "410318"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2788", "filesize": "4542267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.141/2011.141_alt4_full.tif", "width": "10093", "height": "8277", "filesize": "250645762"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Maxeen and John Flower in honor of Dr. Stanislaw Czuma", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169257, "creators": [{"id": 61506, "description": "Jai Ram (Indian, active 1710\u201340)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 65886, "description": "Jiva (Indian, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and/or", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:16.186000"}, {"id": 170874, "accession_number": "2013.344", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Women bathing before an architectural panorama, c. 1765. Fayzullah (Indian, active c. 1730\u20131765). Gum tempera and gold on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.344", "current_location": null, "title": "Women bathing before an architectural panorama", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["India, Lucknow, Mughal"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.322, "width": 0.227}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Persian inscription in center, on marble balustrade, in nasta\u2018liq script:\nThe work of Fayzullah", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202597, "title": "Imagining the Garden", "description": "Imagining the Garden. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, Oriental Miniatures, Fine Books, Autographs, 28 February 1974, lot 131)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 28, 1974", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, Important Islamic, Indian and Southeast Asian Manuscripts, Miniatures and Works of Art, 11 April 1989, lot 94)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 11, 1989", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u20132001", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001\u20132013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist signed his name below the king\u2019s seat that overlooks the garden vista.", "description": "Despite the wars waged and forts besieged in the background, life in the palace is carefree and luxurious. Some women enjoy hookahs and music on balconies, while others swim and drink liquor with abandon from Chinese porcelain cups and bottles. The artist has placed his name under the central pavilion, observing the scene across a formal garden of marigolds. The artist seems to have enjoyed experimenting with the idea of perspective, learned from European sources. He created a rapidly receding space that telescopes the view from the intimate harem quarters to the distant battlefields.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482201"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.344-women-bathing-before"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ellcock, Stephen. The Book of Change: Images to Inspire Revelations and Revolutions. London: September Publishing, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. 91, pp. 284, 286, and 288", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.344", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.344/2013.344_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "900", "filesize": "303789", "filename": "2013.344_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.344/2013.344_print.jpg", "width": "2469", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3358091", "filename": "2013.344_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.344/2013.344_full.tif", "width": "5316", "height": "7322", "filesize": "116806804", "filename": "2013.344_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-17T15:25:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.344/2013.344_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "671", "filesize": "302143"}, "print": {"url": 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Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170874, "creators": [{"id": 63551, "description": "Fayzullah (Indian, active c. 1730\u20131765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:35.185000"}, {"id": 170875, "accession_number": "2013.345", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lovers and beloveds: A composite of scenes from Persian, Urdu, and Sanskrit literature, c. 1735. Chitarman II (Indian, c. 1680\u2013\u0441. 1750). Gum tempera and gold on paper; painting: 41.2 x 29.6 cm (16 1/4 x 11 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.345", "current_location": null, "title": "Lovers and beloveds: A composite of scenes from Persian, Urdu, and Sanskrit literature", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": [], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 41.2 x 29.6 cm (16 1/4 x 11 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.412, "width": 0.296}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Persian inscriptions throughout, in nasta\u2018liq script:\nTop left: \nThe celebrated lover Ranjha; \n\nTop right, above awning:\nThe notable ladies of the city falling into a swoon having caught sight of Joseph\u2019s beauteous countenance; \n\nTop center, on pillar beneath canopy: \nThe celebrated lover Vamiq;\n\nOn another pillar, behind the woman\u2019s head:\nThe celebrated beloved \u2018Azra;\n\nUpper left, on pillar:\nKing Nala, the lover;\n\nCentral figure with halo: \nThe coming from the prison and sitting [in state] of the Lord Joseph the Prophet, with the women of the town cutting the palms of their hands and falling down unconscious;\n\nLeft of center: \n[. . . cutting palms . . . wine cups fell from their hands . . . state of wonderment . . .];\n\nCentral pavilion at left:\nSassi, the beloved\nthe lover [Punnun];\n\nBelow central figure of Joseph:\nThe stream of milk\nShirin the beloved, weeping\nThe death of Farhad, the lover;\n\nLower right, in front of bearded man:\nHafiz of Shiraz;\n\nBelow his decanter:\nThe stick of candy [referring to the woman with whom, according to popular lore, Hafiz was supposed to have fallen in love as a youth];\n\nBehind the pavilion at right:\nBride descending into a grave . . .;\n\nOn the white railing to the left:\nKhwaja Bu Ali . . .;\n\nBottom left: \nQueen Padmavati, the beloved,\nKing Ratnasena, the lover;\n\nBottom right:\nMajnun, the lover;\n\nOn page held by Majnun:\nSay, \u201cHe is Allah, who is One, \nAllah the eternal refuge.\nHe neither begets nor is born,\nNor is there to Him any equivalent.\u201d\n[Qur'an, chapter 112]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "India's Fabled City: The Art of Courtly Lucknow. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (December 12, 2010-February 27, 2011); Musee Guimet, Paris, Frane (April 6-July 11, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-04-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Walter Randall Gallery, New York, NY, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-November 1969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 1969-2013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Below the bearded poet Hafiz is the woman he loved; her name was Stick of Candy.", "description": "The figure of Joseph, identified by his halo, sits in the center near the top of this painting of heroes and heroines of ten different Persian, Urdu, and Sanskrit romances. The depicted scene occurs after Joseph has been purchased by Zulaykha in Egypt. Zulaykha, wishing to show him off to her friends and acquaintances, invites them to her home where she supplies oranges and knives. When the women see Joseph, they all are so distracted by his divine beauty that they accidentally cut their hands while peeling their oranges, but remain mesmerized by his appearance. The dramatic scene in the center is from the Persian romance of Khusrau and Shirin, in which Farhad, a stonecutter who loved Shirin, threw himself to his death from a mountaintop after hearing news of Shirin\u2019s death, falsely sent to him from his rival Khusrau. The emaciated Majnun is in the lower right corner. Every vignette has been identified with a tiny Persian inscription.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482212"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.345-lovers-and-beloveds"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Markel, Stephen, Tushara Bindu Gude, and Muzaffar Alam. India's Fabled City: The Art of Courtly Lucknow. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "cat. no. 23, pp. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "cat. 92, pp. 86-87", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.345", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.345/2013.345_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "315683", "filename": "2013.345_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.345/2013.345_print.jpg", "width": "2467", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3877852", "filename": "2013.345_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.345/2013.345_full.tif", "width": "5517", "height": "7602", "filesize": "125855792", "filename": "2013.345_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-17T10:23:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.345/2013.345_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "593", "filesize": "263463"}, "print": {"url": 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Mughal India, Lucknow. Gum tempera and gold on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.354", "current_location": null, "title": "Vase with flower arrangement and scrollwork", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India, Lucknow"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.175, "width": 0.133}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202597, "title": "Imagining the Garden", "description": "Imagining the Garden. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby Park Bernet, New York, NY, Fine Oriental Miniatures, Manuscripts and Works of Art, 9 December 1980, lot 28)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "December 9, 1980", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sam Fogg, London, England, sold to Catherine Glynn Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132002", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002\u20132013", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blue bell-shaped flowers may be neelakurinji, which bloom once every twelve years.", "description": "The symmetry of the floral arrangement emerging from the blue-and-white porcelain vase reveals an idealized vision. The overflowing vase is among the most ancient motifs in Indian art, used to convey the concept of abundance. This image, made for an elite patron of northern India, implies the prosperity that has accrued from international connections. The vase, painted with a European-style landscape, is of the type that was made in China for export to Europe. The scrolling ornament on either side may be ultimately derived from Persian motifs, but reworked into a European style, painted by Indian artists.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482331"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.354-vase-with-flower-arr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 79; mentioned: p. 343.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Desjardins, Tara. \"Patna, Lucknow, and the Curious Crest of John Deane: An Investigation of Two Indian Glass Centers and a Colonial Drinking Set.\" Journal of glass studies, vol. 63 (2021): 247\u2013267.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Fig. 13, p. 263.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.354", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.354/2013.354_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "366123", "filename": "2013.354_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.354/2013.354_print.jpg", "width": "2619", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4500612", "filename": "2013.354_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.354/2013.354_full.tif", "width": "7450", "height": "9671", "filesize": "216179657", "filename": "2013.354_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-19T10:43:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "268552"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2561", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3588455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5135", "height": "6817", "filesize": "105049268"}}, {"date_created": "2014-03-19T11:16:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "594", "height": "900", "filesize": "282286"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2245", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3666560"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4513", "height": "6836", "filesize": "92585448"}}, {"date_created": "2023-08-16T16:56:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "208486"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2619", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2623651"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.354/2013.354_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7450", "height": "9671", "filesize": "216174677"}}], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170895, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:27.520000"}, {"id": 299308, "accession_number": "2017.65", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Yang Guifei Leaving the Bath (\u694a\u8cb4\u5983\u51fa\u6d74\u5716), 1700s. Gu Jianlong (Chinese, 1606\u2013after 1689). Hanging scroll; ink, colors and gold on silk; painting only: 96.5 x 44.1 cm (38 x 17 3/8 in.); overall with knobs: 231.8 x 73 cm (91 1/4 x 28 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The MCH Foundation, 2017.65", "current_location": null, "title": "Yang Guifei Leaving the Bath", "title_in_original_language": "\u694a\u8cb4\u5983\u51fa\u6d74\u5716", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink, colors and gold on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 96.5 x 44.1 cm (38 x 17 3/8 in.); Overall with knobs: 231.8 x 73 cm (91 1/4 x 28 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.965, "width": 0.441}, "overall": {"height": 2.318, "width": 0.635}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.318, "width": 0.73}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e19\u8fb0\u51ac\u81f3\u5f8c\u4e8c\u65e5 \u96f2\u81e3\u9867\u898b\u9f8d", "inscription_translation": "The second day after the winter solstice in the year renchen (1676), Yunchen Gu Jianlong.", "inscription_remark": "Gu Jianlong's signature, including his style name Yuncheng, is inscribed cleverly on the landscape screen. He ran a studio on Tiger Hill in Suzhou and was known for portrait and erotic album paintings.", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 299396, "title": "The Splendor of Chinese Silk \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "The Splendor of Chinese Silk \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 5-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Becker, suburban Kansas City, by descent to her son, Paul Becker", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Paul Becker, sold to Alan Kennedy Ltd.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alan Kennedy Ltd., sold to the MCH Foundation)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132017", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "MCH Foundation, gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Due to the warm and humid climate in China\u2019s southeast, silk workshops specialized in making airy gauze garments, like the one worn by Yang Guifei here.", "description": "This painting alludes to the love story between Tang emperor Xuanzong (reigned 712\u201356) and his consort Yang Guifei. Yang\u2019s nude body can be seen through the transparent silk-gauze robe as she leaves the bath. The historic scene is set in a southern open interior of the 1700s, offering a view into a garden with a Taihu stone. Yang is shielded by a large painted screen, signed Gu Jianlong, who ran a studio on Tiger Hill in Suzhou. While this painting offers historic and literary allusions for its educated client, the prints nearby imitate its hanging scroll format, the subject matter, composition, and southern-style setting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482867"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2017.65-yang-guifei-leaving"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Spee, Clarissa von. \"From the SIlk Road to the Imperial Court: Chinese Textiles in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Arts of Asia 48, no. 3(May-June 2018): 50-56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 352, no. 190", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.65", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.65/2017.65_web.jpg", "width": "419", "height": "900", "filesize": "205362", "filename": "2017.65_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.65/2017.65_print.jpg", "width": "1584", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2211099", "filename": "2017.65_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.65/2017.65_full.tif", "width": "7453", "height": "16000", "filesize": "357773036", "filename": "2017.65_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2017-09-29T08:20:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "316", "height": "900", "filesize": "97349"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1117442"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2722", "height": "7756", "filesize": "63362808"}}, {"date_created": "2017-09-29T09:00:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "464", "height": "900", "filesize": "210630"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2379546"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8248", "height": "16000", "filesize": "395932704"}}, {"date_created": "2017-09-29T09:11:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "900", "filesize": "318654"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2363", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3695539"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2017.65/2017.65_alt2_full.tif", "width": "11121", "height": "16000", "filesize": "533838984"}}], "creditline": "Gift of The MCH Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 299308, "creators": [{"id": 396907, "description": "Gu Jianlong (Chinese, 1606\u2013after 1689)", "extent": "signed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9867\u898b\u9f8d", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2017-06-05T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:57.412000"}, {"id": 314365, "accession_number": "2018.114", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Heroine Who Waits Anxiously for Her Absent Lover: Utka Nayika, c. 1760\u201365. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 26.3 x 17.8 cm (10 3/8 x 7 in.); image: 25.2 x 16.6 cm (9 15/16 x 6 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.114", "current_location": null, "title": "The Heroine Who Waits Anxiously for Her Absent Lover: Utka Nayika", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201365", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 26.3 x 17.8 cm (10 3/8 x 7 in.); Image: 25.2 x 16.6 cm (9 15/16 x 6 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.263, "width": 0.178}, "image": {"height": 0.252, "width": 0.166}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665435, "title": "Shahzia Sikander: Collective Behavior", "description": "Shahzia Sikander: Collective Behavior. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 8, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Doris Wiener Gallery, New York, NY, sold to Ralph and Catherine Glynn Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131984", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984\u20132001", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001\u20132018", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The wildlife has been depicted in pairs to highlight the nayika\u2019s loneliness.", "description": "In the hilly and verdant landscape all around her, birds and animals are all in pairs\u2014even many of the trees have doubles\u2014but she remains alone, waiting on a bed of leaves for her lover to arrive. She has no way of knowing when he will come, like the devotee has no way to know when god will arrive and bring salvation and bliss.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483073"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.114-the-heroine-who-wait"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 196-197, no. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cameron, Ainsley M. \u201cConsidering Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms through Sight, Sound, Smell and Touch.\u201d Arts of Asia, (Spring 2026): 79-91.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83; Reproduced: p. 84", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.114", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.114/2018.114_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "900", "filesize": "291385", "filename": "2018.114_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.114/2018.114_print.jpg", "width": "2346", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3993555", "filename": "2018.114_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.114/2018.114_full.tif", "width": "7281", "height": "10550", "filesize": "230474150", "filename": "2018.114_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T13:21:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.114/2018.114_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "900", "filesize": "269407"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.114/2018.114_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2326", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3022996"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.114/2018.114_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5540", "height": "8097", "filesize": "134614264"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-24T13:25:22.012000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.114/2018.114_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "615", "height": "900", "filesize": "192338"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.114/2018.114_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2322", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2218796"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.114/2018.114_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5584", "height": "8178", "filesize": "137035048"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314365, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201365", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:04.518000"}, {"id": 313396, "accession_number": "2018.207", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tomb with Sphinxes and an Owl, c. 1779\u201384. Louis Jean Desprez (French, 1743\u20131804). Aquatint with etching; platemark: 34 x 48.7 cm (13 3/8 x 19 3/16 in.); sheet: 35 x 50.3 cm (13 3/4 x 19 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2018.207", "current_location": null, "title": "Tomb with Sphinxes and an Owl", "creation_date": "c. 1779\u201384", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "aquatint with etching", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Aquatint", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 34 x 48.7 cm (13 3/8 x 19 3/16 in.); Sheet: 35 x 50.3 cm (13 3/4 x 19 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"platemark": {"height": 0.34, "width": 0.487}, "sheet": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.503}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed in graphite on verso: 1881 / 10; watermark and countermark: fleur de lis enclosed in a circle, (right side of sheet); VM\u2019TORJ, (est.), (left side of the sheet)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession. 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Workshop of Jian Guzhai. She stone; diameter: 14.9 cm (5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 2023.50", "current_location": null, "title": "Inkstone in the Shape of a Roof Tile with Seal Script Characters", "title_in_original_language": "\u6b59\u77f3\u4eff\u6f22\u74e6\u7576\u786f", "creation_date": "1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"], "technique": "She stone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Stone", "measurements": "Diameter: 14.9 cm (5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.149}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e03\u8449\u6c38\u7965", "inscription_translation": "Four large seal script characters reading, qi ye yong xiang (\"eternal good fortune for seven generations\"), within fan-shaped cartouches encircling a central boss", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "\u300c\u9451\u53e4\u9f4b\u4eff\u88fd\u300d \n\u300c\u7a4e\u5ddd\u6625\u6689\u9928\u6587\u5bf6\u300d", "inscription_translation": "The kaishu inscriptions on the sides may be read as jiangu zhai fangzhi (made in emulation [of a Han eaves-tile] at the Studio of Appreciation of Antiquity) and Yingchuan Chunhui guan wenbao (cultural treasure of Springtime Sun Hall in Yingchuan).", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 666887, "title": "The Dancing Brush: Ming Dynasty Calligraphers and Eccentrics", "description": "The Dancing Brush: Ming Dynasty Calligraphers and Eccentrics. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 8, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Elegantly Made: Art for the Chinese Literati. J. J. Lally & Co., New York, NY (March 13\u201327, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-13T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132006", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Brian Harkins Oriental Art, London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2006\u2013January 2007", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Hugh Moss, Shuisongshi Shanfang \u6c34\u677e\u77f3\u5c71\u623f [Water, Pine and Stone Retreat] Collection, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2007\u2013?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "James J. Lally, New York, NY, consigned to Christie's, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 2020\u20132023", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, March 23, 2023 sale, lot no. 923, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 23, 2023", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2023\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The four large seal script characters on the base of this inkstone, \u4e03\u8449\u6c38\u7965, may be read as \"eternal good fortune for seven generations.\"", "description": "This inkstone is particularly noteworthy for its inscriptions in two styles. The base shows four characters in seal script (zhuanshu) expressing auspicious, or favorable wishes, while the characters on the side in standard script (kaishu) record the name of the workshop and that of the collector\u2019s studio. Inkstones were used to grind solid ink cakes with the addition of water to produce liquid ink for brush painting and calligraphy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121092826"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.50-inkstone-in-the-shap"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "J.J. Lally & Co, and Richard John Lynn. Elegantly made: art for the Chinese literati [\u96c5\u88fd : \u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u4eba\u85dd\u8853 = Ya zhi: Zhongguo wen ren yi shu]. New York: J.J. Lally & Co., 2020.", "page_number": "no. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Permanent Collection Installations.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 65, no. 3 (2024): 16\u201317.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17; Mentioned: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.50/2023.50_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "792", "filesize": "173568", "filename": "2023.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.50/2023.50_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2993", "filesize": "1338170", "filename": "2023.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.50/2023.50_full.tif", "width": "11575", "height": "10189", "filesize": "353840920", "filename": "2023.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-06-14T15:13:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "778", "filesize": "176585"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2938", "filesize": "1395976"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11575", "height": "10001", "filesize": "347312756"}}, {"date_created": "2023-06-14T15:24:54", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "772", "filesize": "158817"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2916", "filesize": "1315568"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt1_full.tif", "width": "11575", "height": "9926", "filesize": "344707672"}}, {"date_created": "2023-06-14T15:52:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "900", "filesize": "129456"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2667", "height": "3400", "filesize": "766394"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7865", "height": "10027", "filesize": "236613636"}}, {"date_created": "2023-06-14T16:32:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "900", "filesize": "126682"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": "736173"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7575", "height": "9614", "filesize": "218504756"}}, {"date_created": "2023-06-14T18:50:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "642", "filesize": "186604"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2427", "filesize": "1648740"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt4_full.tif", "width": "11747", "height": "8385", "filesize": "295523540"}}, {"date_created": "2023-06-14T19:09:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "530", "filesize": "124918"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2001", "filesize": "508099"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.50/2023.50_alt5_full.tif", "width": "8970", "height": "5278", "filesize": "142057872"}}], "creditline": "Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 540412, "creators": [{"id": 540415, "description": "Workshop of Jian Guzhai", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Jiangu zhai, the manufactory of the Wang Jinsheng family (\u6c6a\u8fd1\u8056, active early 18th century) in Huizhou, Anhui province, where ink and inkstones were produced, made ink for the imperial palace during the Qing dynasty.", "name_in_original_language": "\u9451\u53e4\u9f4b", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-06-05T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s\u20131800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["She Tile-Form Inkstone", "Inkstone in the Shape of a Tile"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:22.121000"}, {"id": 93945, "accession_number": "1914.533", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Torchon Bobbin Lace Pillow, 1800s. Spain. Lace, bobbin; overall: 18.5 x 72.5 x 24 cm (7 5/16 x 28 9/16 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1914.533", "current_location": null, "title": "Torchon Bobbin Lace Pillow", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "lace, bobbin", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 18.5 x 72.5 x 24 cm (7 5/16 x 28 9/16 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.185, "width": 0.725, "depth": 0.24}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302358, "title": "Fiberworks: Tradition and Technique", "description": "Fiberworks: Tradition and Technique. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 5-November 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310027, "title": "Lace: Italy, Flanders, France", "description": "Lace: Italy, Flanders, France. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 3-July 9, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-03-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of African Arts, Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, IL (May 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-05-01T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Wilson Lace Collection.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The boxwood bobbins are handmade. At one point, these boxwood bobbins were cut off, perhaps to use them for another piece of lace, and have since been reknotted to the linen thread on this bobbin lace pillow.", "description": "Spanish bobbin lace is made on a cylindrical straw-stuffed bolster pillow of a size and shape like this one. Further evidence of a Spanish origin is the shape and materials of the handmade bobbins (boxwood in this case). The lace maker would have sat with one short end of the pillow (the end with the bobbins) in her lap and the other end propped against a table. A pattern (pricking) on red card stock is pinned to the pillow around the perimeter. Linen thread is wound on the boxwood bobbins. To create this Torchon lace edging, the thread on the bobbins is crossed and twisted to create a connection. A pin is then placed in the pillow to correctly space each connection. Once complete, the pins are removed, and the bobbin lace separated from the pillow. The 15.2 cm (6-inch) wide piece of Torchon lace edging created on this pillow is a common type of lace, easy and fast to make. It has leaf-shaped tallies. The foot side (straight edge) of the Torchon lace edging on this pillow would have been sewn to the edge of a garment or a furnishing fabric. The scalloped edge is referred to as the headside of this Torchon lace.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79473715"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.533-bobbin-lace-pillow", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.533-torchon-bobbin-lace"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1914.533", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.533/1914.533_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "397", "filesize": "220258", "filename": "1914.533_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.533/1914.533_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1501", "filesize": "1767850", "filename": "1914.533_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.533/1914.533_full.tif", "width": "12902", "height": "5695", "filesize": "220458336", "filename": "1914.533_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 93945, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1914-06-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:08.385000"}, {"id": 95027, "accession_number": "1915.572", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lectern, 1707. Italy. Wood and gesso; overall: 167.7 x 48.3 cm (66 x 19 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1915.572", "current_location": null, "title": "Lectern", "creation_date": "1707", "creation_date_earliest": 1707, "creation_date_latest": 1707, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "wood and gesso", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 167.7 x 48.3 cm (66 x 19 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.677, "width": 0.483}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "Collecting Drawings in England. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "Conserving the Past for the Future. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(P. W. French, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["229.1915"], "did_you_know": "The carved coat of arms on the lectern desk are those of Pope Clement XI, who reigned from 1700 to 1721.", "description": "Lecterns of this type were used in Roman Catholic churches and monastery chapels to hold the Bible, from which a priest would read the lessons of scripture and at some points during the liturgy, guide the participants in prayer. The high degree of decoration was achieved by applying plaster gesso to the wooden base allowing for elaborate carving in the same way that a picture frame is worked. Sometimes lecterns bearing the arms of a pope or cardinal like this one were gifts to mark the visit or favor of that official.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79475982"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.572-lectern"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.572", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.572/1915.572_web.jpg", "width": "532", "height": "900", "filesize": "163711", "filename": "1915.572_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.572/1915.572_print.jpg", "width": "2008", "height": "3400", "filesize": "869633", "filename": "1915.572_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.572/1915.572_full.tif", "width": "7400", "height": "12530", "filesize": "278192964", "filename": "1915.572_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-09-23T15:25:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "482", "height": "900", "filesize": "147646"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1822", "height": "3400", "filesize": "659320"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6643", "height": "12397", "filesize": "247086660"}}, {"date_created": "2019-09-23T15:08:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "510", "height": "900", "filesize": "154469"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1926", "height": "3400", "filesize": "775881"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7018", "height": "12386", "filesize": "260802160"}}, {"date_created": "2019-09-23T15:42:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "900", "filesize": "148880"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1945", "height": "3400", "filesize": "678955"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7122", "height": "12448", "filesize": "265990820"}}, {"date_created": "2019-09-23T15:54:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "763", "filesize": "273758"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2882", "filesize": "2234759"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.572/1915.572_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7939", "height": "6729", "filesize": "160293668"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95027, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1915-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1707, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1707", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:43.547000"}, {"id": 95449, "accession_number": "1916.119", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant with Matsya (fish incarnation of Vishnu) defeating Hayagriva, 1800s. Northwestern India, Rajasthan Pratapgarh. Gold, enamel, emeralds, and pearls; overall: 11.8 x 5.8 cm (4 5/8 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.119", "current_location": null, "title": "Pendant with Matsya (fish incarnation of Vishnu) defeating Hayagriva", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan Pratapgarh"], "technique": "gold, enamel, emeralds, and pearls", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 11.8 x 5.8 cm (4 5/8 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.118, "width": 0.058}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 674335, "title": "Temples and Worship in South Asia", "description": "Temples and Worship in South Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14, 2024-March 9, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Ellen Garretson Wade [1857\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In Matsya\u2019s upper hands he holds two of Vishnu\u2019s implements: the mace and the lotus.", "description": "Three emeralds and many pearls surround the central part of this pendant, which features a scene from the life of Matsya at the center. The fish incarnation of the preserver god Vishnu, Matsya appears in the middle, defeating the demon Hayagriva, who emerges from a shell, grasping him by the hair. Encircling the battle are plants, flowers, and designs indicative of ocean waves. The four-headed god Brahma also watches from the left side. Below the main scene, two smaller teardrop-shaped ornaments hang down. 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Treadway, 1921.1144", "current_location": null, "title": "Tripod with Cover", "creation_date": "late 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "carved wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Diameter: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.); Overall: 11 cm (4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.12}, "overall": {"height": 0.11}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. 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Although the artist based the plants and animals on real specimens observed at the Royal Botanical Gardens, he derived the personifications from racist stereotypes that imagined Europe as culturally superior: while Europe sits enthroned with symbols of the arts and knowledge at her feet, Africa wears an elephant headdress, America hunts an alligator, and Asia prays to a false god.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80003276"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.6-fragment-of-copperpl", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.6-the-four-continents"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.6/1929.6_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "544029", "filename": "1929.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.6/1929.6_print.jpg", "width": "3365", "height": "4400", "filesize": "11675682", "filename": "1929.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.6/1929.6_full.tif", "width": "3516", "height": "4598", "filesize": "48535980", "filename": "1929.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-07-26T14:30:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.6/1929.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "542468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.6/1929.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2600", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7343732"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.6/1929.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3516", "height": "4598", "filesize": "48535980"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Gregor Norman Humphreys", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111117, "creators": [{"id": 24823, "description": "Christophe Philippe Oberkampf (French, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "firm of", "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 13436, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Marie H\u00fcet (French, 1745\u20131811)", "extent": "designed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1745", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-01-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:11.347000"}, {"id": 120435, "accession_number": "1941.26.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Imaginary Prisons: Prisoners on a Projecting Platform, Plate 10, 1749\u201350. 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Allen Fund, 1941.26.8", "current_location": null, "title": "Prisoners on a Projecting Platform, Plate 10", "series": "Imaginary Prisons", "creation_date": "1749\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1749, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "etching, engraving, sulphur tint or open bite, burnishing", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Plate: 41.2 x 54.2 cm (16 1/4 x 21 5/16 in.); Sheet: 49.5 x 63.4 cm (19 1/2 x 24 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.495, "width": 0.634}, "plate": {"height": 0.412, "width": 0.542}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed, lower left, in plate: Piranesi f.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. 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Set against a strange cloud of white smoke, the densely drawn and deeply etched lines of the prisoners at left produce a confusing jumble of bodies that, while imprecise, evoke their pain and punishment.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016049"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.26.8-the-prisons-a-vast-g", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.26.8-prisoners-on-a-proje"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Focillon 33 ; Hind 10 I/III ; Robison 36 I/IV ; Wilton-Ely 35 Early State", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.26.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.26.8/1941.26.8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "701", "filesize": "355347", "filename": "1941.26.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.26.8/1941.26.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2649", "filesize": "4748834", "filename": "1941.26.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.26.8/1941.26.8_full.tif", "width": "6313", "height": "4919", "filesize": "93195192", "filename": "1941.26.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. 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William Hogarth (British, 1697\u20131764). Engraving; platemark: 45 x 56.5 cm (17 11/16 x 22 1/4 in.); sheet: 48.8 x 62.6 cm (19 3/16 x 24 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Curtiss Rose, 1959.310", "current_location": null, "title": "Strolling Actresses Dressing in a Barn", "creation_date": "1738", "creation_date_earliest": 1738, "creation_date_latest": 1738, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Engraving", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 45 x 56.5 cm (17 11/16 x 22 1/4 in.); Sheet: 48.8 x 62.6 cm (19 3/16 x 24 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"platemark": {"height": 0.45, "width": 0.565}, "sheet": {"height": 0.488, "width": 0.626}}, "state_of_the_work": "IV/V (Paulson)", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301701, "title": "The Artist and the Theater", "description": "The Artist and the Theater. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2025-January 11, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-09-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Milton Rose, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 19, 1959\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The playful irreverence of this backstage scene is underscored by the kittens in the foreground, one of whom plays with a globus cruciger, or cross-bearing orb, recognized as a symbol of authority throughout the Christian world.", "description": "Known for his satire, William Hogarth considered this print a protest of British prime minister Robert Walpole\u2019s Licensing Act of 1737, which gave the government power to heavily censor theatrical productions. A reference to the act appears on a large crown in the left foreground, near a playbill. Still, Hogarth poked fun at the somewhat indulgent lifestyle of players by juxtaposing the actresses\u2019 challenging reality with the stage sets and costumes that portray lofty classical deities and the heavens. The shabby and chaotic backstage is made more so by the hefty consumption of wine and other alcoholic beverages, even among younger people.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80029332", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624318"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.310-strolling-actresses"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Burke and Caldwell 181; Paulson 156", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.310", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.310/1959.310_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "726", "filesize": "317000", "filename": "1959.310_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.310/1959.310_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2744", "filesize": "5027906", "filename": "1959.310_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.310/1959.310_full.tif", "width": "6805", "height": "5493", "filesize": "112174352", "filename": "1959.310_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Curtiss Rose", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135782, "creators": [{"id": 23776, "description": "William Hogarth (British, 1697\u20131764)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1697", "death_year": "1764", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1738, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1738", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:31.689000"}, {"id": 138431, "accession_number": "1962.350", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Door Lintel (Pare), 1800s. Pacific Islands, Polynesia, New Zealand, M\u0101ori people. Wood, pigment; overall: 35 x 75.6 cm (13 3/4 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Mary Spedding Milliken Memorial Collection, Gift of William Mathewson Milliken, 1962.350", "current_location": null, "title": "Door Lintel (Pare)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Pacific Islands, Polynesia, New Zealand, M\u0101ori people"], "technique": "wood, pigment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Oceania", "collection": "Oceanic Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 35 x 75.6 cm (13 3/4 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.756}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517623, "title": "Polynesian Sculpture", "description": "Polynesian Sculpture. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 15, 1967-January 1, 1968); The Museum of Primitive Art, New York, NY (February 14-May 14, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-11-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Harry Beasley", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Harry Beasley", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two guardian spirits (manaia) flank the central deity figure of this lintel (pare).", "description": "In the past, a lintel (pare) was placed over the entryway of M\u0101ori meeting houses, which are sacred structures. Thus, the visitor passed under the lintel\u2019s central deity figure, often a female but here of unclear sex. To either side is an animal-like guardian spirit (manaia) shown in profile and facing outward; look for the feet grasping the lintel\u2019s borders.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.350-door-lintel-pare"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.350", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.350/1962.350_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "554", "filesize": "212840", "filename": "1962.350_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.350/1962.350_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2093", "filesize": "1743673", "filename": "1962.350_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.350/1962.350_full.tif", "width": "12986", "height": "7993", "filesize": "311417204", "filename": "1962.350_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-02-05T16:39:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.350/1962.350_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "540", "filesize": "231905"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.350/1962.350_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2041", "filesize": "1955067"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.350/1962.350_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12319", "height": "7396", "filesize": "273360716"}}], "creditline": "The Mary Spedding Milliken Memorial Collection, Gift of William Mathewson Milliken", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138431, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:37.051000"}, {"id": 144815, "accession_number": "1969.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Writing Box (Suzuribako) with Europeans (\u8494\u7d75\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u56f3\u786f\u7bb1), 1800s. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Lacquered wood with gold maki-e, silver inlay and red lacquer on black ground; 23 x 20.2 cm (9 1/16 x 7 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1969.59", "current_location": null, "title": "Writing Box (Suzuribako) with Europeans", "title_in_original_language": "\u8494\u7d75\u5357\u86ee\u4eba\u56f3\u786f\u7bb1", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "lacquered wood with gold maki-e, silver inlay and red lacquer on black ground", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "23 x 20.2 cm (9 1/16 x 7 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.23, "width": 0.202}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310241, "title": "Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)", "description": "Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4-December 11, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Robert Rousset [1901\u20131982], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Japanese term nanban \u5357\u86ee is used to describe designs like the one on this box.", "description": "The two people on the left of this box lid's design are Portuguese traders, identifiable by their balloon-shaped pants. Facing them is a Jesuit priest in a long robe. Portuguese ships arrived in Japan in the 1540s. 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Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 19.3 x 14.2 cm (7 5/8 x 5 9/16 in.); overall: 26.5 x 21.1 cm (10 7/16 x 8 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.86", "current_location": null, "title": "The lovelorn heroine, from a Sat Sai of Bihari", "creation_date": "1780\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 19.3 x 14.2 cm (7 5/8 x 5 9/16 in.); Overall: 26.5 x 21.1 cm (10 7/16 x 8 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.193, "width": 0.142}, "overall": {"height": 0.265, "width": 0.211}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 219969, "title": "Sakhi: Friend and Messenger in Rajput Painting", "description": "Sakhi: Friend and Messenger in Rajput Painting. Arthur M. 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MacDonald, Cambridge, MA, ?-1971, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 1971-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Sat Sai was written for Raja Jai Singh I of Amber (r. 1625\u201367).", "description": "The Sat Sai is a collection of poems mainly describing the beauty of women in a range of emotional states. The heroine of this poem sits against a tree that is in full flower, like her, but her lover is absent, and other girls walk by, gossiping. Not coincidentally, her dress matches the color of the blossoms, and no bees come to pollinate.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471954"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.86-the-lovelorn-heroine"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.86/1971.86_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "900", "filesize": "305931", "filename": "1971.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.86/1971.86_print.jpg", "width": "2727", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3168871", "filename": "1971.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.86/1971.86_full.tif", "width": "9684", "height": "12076", "filesize": "350860784", "filename": "1971.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-25T13:21:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "228731"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2268919"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4412", "height": "5893", "filesize": "78033044"}}, {"date_created": "2019-12-26T13:54:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "900", "filesize": "329597"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2693", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3670728"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9591", "height": "12107", "filesize": "348384080"}}, {"date_created": "2020-08-04T16:01:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "900", "filesize": "293337"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3829446"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9445", "height": "11832", "filesize": "335286456"}}, {"date_created": "2020-08-04T15:57:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "900", "filesize": "383400"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4380763"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt3_full.tif", "width": "9445", "height": "11832", "filesize": "335290056"}}, {"date_created": "2020-08-04T16:01:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "900", "filesize": "313575"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4333554"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.86/1971.86_alt4_full.tif", "width": "9445", "height": "11832", "filesize": "335286424"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146196, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1780\u201390", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Lovelorn Heroine. page from a 'Sat Sai' of Bihari"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:23.583000"}, {"id": 147901, "accession_number": "1974.255", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Grotteschi: The Tomb of Nero, 1747\u201348. Giovanni Battista Piranesi (Italian, 1720\u20131778), published by Giovanni Bouchard (Italian, 1700-1850). Etching with engraving and drypoint; image and plate: 39.1 x 55.3 cm (15 3/8 x 21 3/4 in.); sheet: 52.9 x 76.8 cm (20 13/16 x 30 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse Collection, 1974.255", "current_location": null, "title": "The Tomb of Nero", "series": "Grotteschi", "creation_date": "1747\u201348", "creation_date_earliest": 1747, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "etching with engraving and drypoint", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image and Plate: 39.1 x 55.3 cm (15 3/8 x 21 3/4 in.); Sheet: 52.9 x 76.8 cm (20 13/16 x 30 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image and plate": {"height": 0.391, "width": 0.553}, "sheet": {"height": 0.529, "width": 0.768}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Lower left, in plate: Piranesi invento; et incise", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "lower right, in plate: Apo. Piranesi dir impetto l'Accademia di Francia in Roma", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "Year in Review: 1974. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311461, "title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leona E. Prasse [1896\u20131984], Rocky River, OH, given to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 7, 1975\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Popularly associated with the Emperor Nero in the 1700s, the monument the artist depicted has since been identified as the tomb of P. Vibius Maranus.", "description": "An ancient tomb, teeming with slithering snakes and overgrown vegetation, conjures the ruins of a strange and distant past in this print. The more lightly etched background appears faint against the jumble of darker lines in the foreground, as if the whole scene is slowly fading into the mist of time. Although the composition might seem to be one of pure imagination, the tomb it depicts was based on a real monument the artist had observed near Rome. 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Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Kota. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 28.3 x 39.2 cm (11 1/8 x 15 7/16 in.); with borders: 31.6 x 42.7 cm (12 7/16 x 16 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.344", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharao Chattar Sal (reigned 1758\u201364) of Kota in a Palanquin", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Kota"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 28.3 x 39.2 cm (11 1/8 x 15 7/16 in.); with borders: 31.6 x 42.7 cm (12 7/16 x 16 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.283, "width": 0.392}, "with borders": {"height": 0.316, "width": 0.427}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 308686, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 2-November 18, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "1990 - Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, July 5 - September 2, 1990, cat. no. 165.", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "B. R. Sharma, New Delhi, 1969", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Severance and Greta Millikin, Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(B. R. 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The small kingdom of Kota achieved independence in 1624, and its rulers, called rao (king) or maharao (great king) in the local dialect of Rajasthani, supported an atelier of artists at their court. Kota artists were known for dynamic and idealized portrayals of their rulers engaged in activities that emphasized the king\u2019s supreme status.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476393"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.344-maharao-chattar-sal"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.344", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.344/1989.344_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "362096", "filename": "1989.344_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.344/1989.344_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "3949907", "filename": "1989.344_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.344/1989.344_full.tif", "width": "11641", "height": "8716", "filesize": "304421101", "filename": "1989.344_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-15T09:53:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "660", "filesize": "238325"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2495", "filesize": "2557682"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7404", "height": "5433", "filesize": "120713564"}}, {"date_created": "2023-10-05T13:05:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "272760"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "3807340"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt1_full.tif", "width": "11930", "height": "8932", "filesize": "319704485"}}, {"date_created": "2023-10-05T13:04:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "349543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "4022016"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.344/1989.344_alt2_full.tif", "width": "11885", "height": "8899", "filesize": "317325753"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2012.64.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Bacchanales: Nymph Supported by Two Satyrs ", "creation_date": "1763", "creation_date_earliest": 1763, "creation_date_latest": 1763, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "etching", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 13.3 x 19.7 cm (5 1/4 x 7 3/4 in.); Sheet: 15.1 x 21.3 cm (5 15/16 x 8 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.151, "width": 0.213}, "image": {"height": 0.133, "width": 0.197}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207403, "title": "Artists and Amateurs: Etching in Eighteenth Century France", "description": "Artists and Amateurs: Etching in Eighteenth Century France. 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Fragonard\u2019s creations helped to popularize revelries in nature in French art, architecture, and garden design during the later 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80079193"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.64.1-bacchanales-nymph-su"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Wildenstein 3", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.64.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.64.1/2012.64.1_web.jpg", "width": "1246", "height": "893", "filesize": "423081", "filename": "2012.64.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.64.1/2012.64.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2436", "filesize": "2766859", "filename": "2012.64.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.64.1/2012.64.1_full.tif", "width": "5542", "height": "3971", "filesize": "66046232", "filename": "2012.64.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170456, "creators": [{"id": 2002, "description": "Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-09-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1763, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1763", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2012.64", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:33.449000"}, {"id": 170459, "accession_number": "2012.64.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bacchanales: The Satyr's Dance , 1763. 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Severance, 1916.1489", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1720\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "steel; piercing; perforation", "support_materials": [{"description": "perforated blade", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); Blade: 80.5 cm (31 11/16 in.); Grip: 12.6 cm (4 15/16 in.); Guard: 7.7 cm (3 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.97}, "blade": {"length": 0.805}, "grip": {"length": 0.126}, "guard": {"width": 0.077}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #218.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778728"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1489-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. Vol. 4, 17th to 19th century and a few pieces of iron work. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (218) 237", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour4/page/n250"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132, E102; Reproduced: Plate XXXII, E102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n199"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1489", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1489/1916.1489_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1489_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1489/1916.1489_print.jpg", "width": "2693", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1489_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1489/1916.1489_full.tif", "width": "3578", "height": "4517", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1489_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1489/1916.1489_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "893", "filesize": "238503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1489/1916.1489_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1939", "filesize": "1366189"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1489/1916.1489_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1939", "filesize": "8938196"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95800, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:50.207000"}, {"id": 136523, "accession_number": "1960.94", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Stand (Jardini\u00e8re), c. 1800. Pierre Philippe Thomire (French, 1751\u20131843). Wood with gilt bronze mounts; overall: 104.8 x 74.3 cm (41 1/4 x 29 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Carrie Moss Halle in memory of Salmon Portland Halle, 1960.94", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Flower Stand (Jardini\u00e8re)", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, early 19th Century"], "technique": "wood with gilt bronze mounts", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 104.8 x 74.3 cm (41 1/4 x 29 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.048, "width": 0.743}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carrie Moss Halle.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Thomire was the most productive and famous bronze caster in Paris around 1800. The border of this flower stand was cast from the same molds used for a centerpiece signed by Thomire; therefore, the stand can safely be presumed to have been produced by Thomire as well.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741525"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.94-flower-stand-jardini"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n189"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n223"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.94", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.94/1960.94_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "301034", "filename": "1960.94_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.94/1960.94_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1319195", "filename": "1960.94_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.94/1960.94_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6386", "filesize": "95705008", "filename": "1960.94_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Carrie Moss Halle in memory of Salmon Portland Halle", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 136523, "creators": [{"id": 5804, "description": "Pierre Philippe Thomire (French, 1751\u20131843)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "mounts and supports by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1751", "death_year": "1843", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-04-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:10.103000"}, {"id": 142460, "accession_number": "1966.229.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box in the Form of Asparagus, c. 1765. Probably by Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366). Tin-glazed earthenware (faience) with enamel decoration; overall: 6.4 x 17.8 x 8.3 cm (2 1/2 x 7 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1966.229.a", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Box in the Form of Asparagus", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Sceaux(?), 18th century"], "technique": "tin-glazed earthenware (faience) with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 6.4 x 17.8 x 8.3 cm (2 1/2 x 7 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.178, "depth": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, September 10 - October 16, 1966: \"Golden Anniversary Acquistions,\" catalogue.", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Educational Exhibit Area- Classroom Level, July 26 - Oct. 9, 1983, The Beck Center for the Cultural Arts, Lakewood Ohio 12/28/83 - 2/8/84, The Beachwood Museum, Beachwood, Ohio 3/3/84 - 4/15/84: Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink,, cat. #18", "opening_date": "1983-12-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, October 21, 1986 - March 8, 1987: The Magic of Still Life. Gallery A. No catalogue", "opening_date": "1986-10-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Placed upon the dinner table, this container's lid might be lifted to reveal steaming asparagus. Imagine a wealthy 18th-century dining room with flickering candles, whimsical sculptures, and dishes like this decorating the table.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749468"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.229.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.229.a/1966.229.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "589", "filesize": "151147", "filename": "1966.229.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.229.a/1966.229.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2226", "filesize": "851691", "filename": "1966.229.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.229.a/1966.229.a_full.tif", "width": "6426", "height": "4207", "filesize": "81127528", "filename": "1966.229.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-08-31T17:55:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229.a/1966.229.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "557", "filesize": "148368"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229.a/1966.229.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2105", "filesize": "801886"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229.a/1966.229.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6725", "height": "4164", "filesize": "84033600"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142460, "creators": [{"id": 12213, "description": "Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "probably by", "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "established 1747", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.229", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:16.415000"}, {"id": 142461, "accession_number": "1966.229.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box in the Form of Asparagus (lid), c. 1765. Possibly by Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366). Tin-glazed earthenware (faience) with enamel decoration; overall: 6.4 x 17.8 x 8.3 cm (2 1/2 x 7 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1966.229.b", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Box in the Form of Asparagus (lid)", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Sceaux(?), 18th century"], "technique": "tin-glazed earthenware (faience) with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 6.4 x 17.8 x 8.3 cm (2 1/2 x 7 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.178, "depth": 0.083}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, September 10 - October 16, 1966: \"Golden Anniversary Acquistions,\" catalogue, Bulletin CMA.", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Educational Exhibit Area- Classroom Level, July 26 - Oct. 9, 1983, The Beck Center for the Cultural Arts, Lakewood Ohio 12/28/83 - 2/8/84, The Beachwood Museum, Beachwood, Ohio 3/3/84 - 4/15/84: Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink, cat. #18", "opening_date": "1983-12-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, October 21, 1986 - March 8, 1987: The Magic of Still Life. Gallery A. No catalogue", "opening_date": "1986-10-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Placed upon the dinner table, this container's lid might be lifted to reveal steaming asparagus. Imagine a wealthy 18th-century dining room with flickering candles, whimsical sculptures, and dishes like this decorating the table.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759772"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.229.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.229.b/1966.229.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "534", "filesize": "145082", "filename": "1966.229.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.229.b/1966.229.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2017", "filesize": "744616", "filename": "1966.229.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.229.b/1966.229.b_full.tif", "width": "6331", "height": "3755", "filesize": "71343444", "filename": "1966.229.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-08-31T18:06:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229.b/1966.229.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "511", "filesize": "144319"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229.b/1966.229.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1930", "filesize": "715627"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.229.b/1966.229.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6052", "height": "3435", "filesize": "62390668"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142461, "creators": [{"id": 12213, "description": "Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "possibly by", "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "established 1747", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.229", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:41.585000"}, {"id": 99450, "accession_number": "1919.1020", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seated Manjusri (\ubb38\uc218\ubcf4\uc0b4\ub3c4 (\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u5716)), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 254.9 x 1146 cm (100 3/8 x 451 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1919.1020", "current_location": null, "title": "Seated Manjusri", "title_in_original_language": "\ubb38\uc218\ubcf4\uc0b4\ub3c4 (\u6587\u6b8a\u83e9\u85a9\u5716)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 254.9 x 1146 cm (100 3/8 x 451 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.549, "width": 11.46}, "painting only": {"height": 2.367, "width": 1.34}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616779, "title": "Korean Pottery, a Few Textiles, and Paintings", "description": "Korean Pottery, a Few Textiles, and Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 31-October 3, 1921).", "opening_date": "1921-08-31T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Yamanaka and Company, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131919", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["769.1919"], "did_you_know": "Bodhisattva Manjusri is holding a ruyi scepter to represent ultimate wisdom.", "description": "Large-size Buddhist paintings dated to the Joseon period (1392\u20131910) were once hung behind Buddhist statues, attached to the wall. In the Buddhist pantheon of the Joseon period, Bodhisattva Manjusri appears as a deity attendant to Vairocana Buddha.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503198"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1020-seated-manjusri"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kim, Min. \u201cComparison of Color Features in Buddhist Paintings from the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties [\uace0\ub824\ubd88\ud654\uc640 \uc870\uc120\ubd88\ud654\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ucc44\uc0c9 \ube44\uad50].\u201d Seokdang nonchong (2019): 55-84.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09253223"}, {"citation": "Hwang, Kyu-seong. \u201cA Study on Iconography of Three World Buddhas in the Joseon Dynasty [\u671d\u9bae\u6642\u4ee3 \u4e09\u4e16\u4f5b \u5716\u50cf\uc5d0 \u95dc\ud55c \u784f\u7a76].\u201d Misul sahak (2006): 221-281.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00758415"}, {"citation": "J. A. M. \u201cA Korean Buddhist Painting of the Korai Dynasty.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 6, no. 4 (May 1919): 70.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 70; Reproduced: P. 65", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136281"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 893", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 158-161, no. 103", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1020", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1020/1919.1020_web.jpg", "width": "511", "height": "893", "filesize": "368486", "filename": "1919.1020_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1020/1919.1020_print.jpg", "width": "1944", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5213031", "filename": "1919.1020_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1020/1919.1020_full.tif", "width": "3492", "height": "6106", "filesize": "63999528", "filename": "1919.1020_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-11-11T19:57:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "846935"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "6908843"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99893068"}}, {"date_created": "2008-11-11T20:03:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "860951"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "6975161"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99893612"}}, {"date_created": "2008-11-11T20:15:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "826679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "6927615"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99892340"}}, {"date_created": "2008-11-11T20:22:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "893", "filesize": "375121"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1959", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5353473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1919.1020/1919.1020_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "11572", "filesize": "231520756"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 99450, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-02-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:51.038000"}, {"id": 157107, "accession_number": "1993.239", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hunting Scene (\ud638\ub835\ub3c4 [\u80e1\u7375\u5716]), 1800s. 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Central Asia, South West Uzbekistan, Shakhrisyabz. Cotton: plain weave, 6 strips; silk: embroidery; filling stitch: kanda xajol, occasionally bosma; outlining stitch: ilmoq; overall: 227.3 x 177.8 cm (89 1/2 x 70 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John and Fausta Eskenazi in honor of Louise W. Mackie and in celebration of the museum\u2019s centennial, 2016.89", "current_location": null, "title": "Suzani with floral sprays", "creation_date": "1800\u20131850", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Asia, South West Uzbekistan, Shakhrisyabz"], "technique": "Cotton: plain weave, 6 strips; silk: embroidery; filling stitch: kanda xajol, occasionally bosma; outlining stitch: ilmoq", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 227.3 x 177.8 cm (89 1/2 x 70 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.273, "width": 1.778}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 294013, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 7, 2017-October 29, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ignazio Vok [b. 1938], Austria and Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1994\u20132016", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John and Fausta Eskenazi, London, UK, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2016", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2016\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Six narrow lengths of handwoven cotton cloth were joined and then embroidered with vibrant silk thread to make this suzani.", "description": "Embroidered textiles were essential items in dowries. This type, known as a suzani after the Persian and Tajik word for needle, suzan, were created by mothers and daughters who proudly displayed them during wedding festivities and special occasions. This is an especially striking example, probably embroidered in Shakhrisyabz, located south of Samarkand in Uzbekistan, during 1800\u20131850. Suzani were made for numerous functions including the nuptial bed, curtains for storage niches, and wrappers for various dry goods. Floral and foliate motifs generally dominate as seen here, enriched with several shades of red and enhanced by the varied light reflections and colors of the silk thread. Possibly the motifs conveyed cosmological, apotropaic, medicinal, or fertility associations especially for married life.
Patterns were drawn in black ink on several loosely joined cotton cloths by a skilled family member or a professional. The cloths were then separated, embroidered individually, and reattached, confirmed by mismatched motifs where the lengths are joined. They are generally attributed to nineteenth-century production after sericulture was introduced in the Merv area around 1800.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79870540"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2016.89-suzani-with-floral-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Knorr, Thomas (editor) and Sager, Helen (editor) Textilkunst Der Steppen- Und Bergvo\u0308lker Zentralasiens: Ausstellung, Gewerbemuseum Basel, 1974. Basel: s.n., 1974.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gisela Helmecke. \u201cDie \u2018Buchara\u2019-Stickereien Im Islamischen Museum Zu Berlin.\u201d Forschungen Und Berichte 23 (1983).", "page_number": "pp. 118\u2013129", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3880946."}, {"citation": "C\u030cepeleveckaja, Galina L. Susani Usbekistans: Ein Beitrag Zur Technik, Ornamentik Und Symbolik Der Usbekischen Seidenstickerei. Berlin: Schletzer, 1991.", "page_number": "pp. 7-75, illustration 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vok, Ignazio, and Jakob Taube. Suzani: a textile art from Central Asia: Vok collection. Oberhaching, Germany: Herold Verlagsauslieferung,1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2016: Textiles and Islamic Art.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 16.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02/page/n7/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2016.89", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.89/2016.89_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "900", "filesize": "581592", "filename": "2016.89_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.89/2016.89_print.jpg", "width": "2614", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5110556", "filename": "2016.89_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.89/2016.89_full.tif", "width": "11352", "height": "14764", "filesize": "502841796", "filename": "2016.89_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-08-11T15:31:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.89/2016.89_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "433928"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.89/2016.89_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5241887"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.89/2016.89_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576037540"}}, {"date_created": "2016-08-11T15:22:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.89/2016.89_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "526592"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.89/2016.89_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5251576"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2016.89/2016.89_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576039516"}}], "creditline": "Gift of John and Fausta Eskenazi in honor of Louise W. Mackie and in celebration of the museum\u2019s centennial", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 287526, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2016-09-06T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800\u20131850", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Embroidered Suzani with Floral Sprays"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:14.814000"}, {"id": 112481, "accession_number": "1931.107", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Towel End, c. 1700s\u20131800s. Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century. Cotton or linen (est.); straight (continuous) bobbin lace (Vologda tape lace). The tape forms figural or plant motifs outlined with gimp (heavy cord) with a polychrome plaited ground linking the tape; applied silk (est.) ribbon; overall: 26 x 37 cm (10 1/4 x 14 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1931.107", "current_location": null, "title": "Towel End", "creation_date": "c. 1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century"], "technique": "cotton or linen (est.); straight (continuous) bobbin lace (Vologda tape lace). The tape forms figural or plant motifs outlined with gimp (heavy cord) with a polychrome plaited ground linking the tape; applied silk (est.) ribbon", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 26 x 37 cm (10 1/4 x 14 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.26, "width": 0.37}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Natalia Leonidovna Shabelsky, Moscow, Russia (1841-1904/5), by inheritance to her daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1904/5", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Princess Alexandre Sidamon-Eristoff and Mlle. N. de Chabelskoy, sold through B.M. Pushkin", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904/5-1931", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Count B. M. Pushkin sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lace making was a common tradition in many cultures because it displayed the skill of the mother or daughter who made the lace.", "description": "This lace was used to embellish a towel end. Textiles of this type are valuable for their lace work depicting ancient folk motifs, ritual significance, exemplification of the role of textiles in Russian society, and connection to a prominent woman collector, Natalia de Shabelsky, without whom this textile and others like it might have been lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877688"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.107-towel-end"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pushkin, B. M, B. M Pushkin, N. de Shabelsky, and N. de Shabelsky. Exhibition of National Russian Art, 17th, 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Peasant Embroideries, Costumes, Headdresses, Hand-Woven Materials, Laces, Ikons, Articles of Silver, Copper, Etc.: Shown by Count and Countess B.m.-Pushkin. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified, 1900.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valance, Aymer. \"Russian Peasant Industries.\" The studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art. London: Offices of the Studio, 1893-1964. volume 37, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 241-248", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sidamon-Eristoff, V. P., Princess. Sobrani\u0304e russkoi\u0306 stariny Kn. V.P. Sidamon-E\u0307ristovoi\u0306 i N.P. Shabel\u02b9skoi\u0306: vypusk I-i\u0306, vyshivki i kruzheva = Antiquite\u0301s russes, collection princesse Sidamon-Eristoff et Mlle. N. de Schabelskoi. Moskva, 1910.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, and Studio. Peasant Art in Russia. The Studio, 1912. Special No. London: \"The Studio\", 1912.", "page_number": "p. 3-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gostelow, Mary. Embroidery of All Russia. New York: Scribner, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwoeffermann, Catherine, Peter Klosky, and Merrill Oliver. Goddesses and Their Offspring: 19th and 20th Century Eastern European Embroideries. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts & Sciences, 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. \"Embroidery for the Goddess.\" Threads Magazine 11 (June/July 1987).", "page_number": "p. 26-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Efimova, L. V., R. M. Belogorskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Santina M. Levey. Russian Embroidery and Lace. Translated by A. I. Il\u02b9f. 1st English-language ed. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. Goddess Embroideries of Eastern Europe. Winona, MN: Northland Press of Winona, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Bridget M. Russian Lace Making. London: Batsford, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grusman, V. M., Elena Madlevskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Karina Solov\u02b9eva. Collection Chabelskaya: une Russie fin de sie\u0300cle: portrait de femmes en costume traditionnel. 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lovings-Gomez, Lauren. \u201cThe Lost Narrative of Natalia Shabelsky\u2019s Collection of Russian Textiles.\u201d In Hidden Stories/Human Lives: Proceedings of the Textile Society of America 17th Biennial Symposium, October 15-17, 2020. UNL Commons. Accessed 10/20/2021 from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0117", "page_number": "", "url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.107", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.107/1931.107_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "696", "filesize": "388168", "filename": "1931.107_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.107/1931.107_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2629", "filesize": "4847371", "filename": "1931.107_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.107/1931.107_full.tif", "width": "6407", "height": "4954", "filesize": "95255572", "filename": "1931.107_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112481, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700s\u20131800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:43.094000"}, {"id": 97141, "accession_number": "1916.780", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sketch for a Ceiling, 1750s. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 51.5 x 43 x 6.5 cm (20 1/4 x 16 15/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 41 x 34 cm (16 1/8 x 13 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Holden Collection, 1916.780", "current_location": null, "title": "Sketch for a Ceiling", "creation_date": "1750s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 51.5 x 43 x 6.5 cm (20 1/4 x 16 15/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 41 x 34 cm (16 1/8 x 13 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.515, "width": 0.43, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.41, "width": 0.34}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443579, "title": "The Tiepolos: Painters to Princes and Prelates", "description": "The Tiepolos: Painters to Princes and Prelates. Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL (organizer) (January 8-February 19, 1978); Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield, OH, Springfield, OH (March 19-May 7, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1912: \"Loan Exhibition of the Holden Collection,\" catalogue: Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, vII, no.10 (October 1912), cat. no. 26 (author, bryson Burroughs).", "opening_date": "1912-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1916: \"The Inaugrual Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 37.", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversry Exhibition,\" cat. no. 37.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition\" cat. no. 108.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Birmingham, Alabama, Museum of Fine Art, 1978: \"The Tiepolos, Painters to Princes and Prelates,\" ct. no. 22, illus. p. 79; Springfield (Mass.) Museum of Fine Arts,", "opening_date": "1978-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, OH, Allen Memorial Art Museum, October 29-December 15, 1991: \"Artin the Age of Mozart,\"", "opening_date": "1991-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Miner K. Kellogg (1814-1889), Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1858 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Liberty E. Holden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1884 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Holden Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916 ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1858 Miner K. Kellogg, 1814-1889 (Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1884-1916 Mrs.Liberty E. Holden (Cleveland, Ohio), by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This small, quickly painted picture is typical of the sketches Tiepolo made as studies for larger compositions. When completed full-scale on a ceiling, works like these give the impression of a massive window, through which one can see angels or mythological beings floating among the clouds. Although we know from the work's shape that it was a study for a ceiling painting, it is not related to any of Tiepolo's finished architectural decorations. Tiepolo used such sketches to explore design problems, experiment with form and color, or give his clients an idea of how a finished project would look. With the help of a large workshop, which included two of his sons, Tiepolo completed a number of painted ceilings and decorative schemes across Europe.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502577"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.780-sketch-for-a-ceiling"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 424; Mentioned: p. 425", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubinstein-Bloch, Stella. Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35-36, cat. no. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Holden_80856/page/n45"}, {"citation": "\"An Oil Sketch for a Ceiling Decoration by Tiepolo.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 19, no.7 (July 1932): 115-117", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: 115-117", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137487"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 85, p 69, Reproduced", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.780", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.780/1916.780_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "900", "filesize": "277380", "filename": "1916.780_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.780/1916.780_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3989950", "filename": "1916.780_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.780/1916.780_full.tif", "width": "4540", "height": "5639", "filesize": "76836208", "filename": "1916.780_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-06-23T18:45:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.780/1916.780_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "420326"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.780/1916.780_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2740", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6447367"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.780/1916.780_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4875", "height": "6049", "filesize": "88497600"}}, {"date_created": "2009-06-22T17:33:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.780/1916.780_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "526440"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.780/1916.780_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2854", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7739729"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.780/1916.780_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4830", "height": "5755", "filesize": "83424084"}}], "creditline": "Holden Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97141, "creators": [{"id": 2329, "description": "Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:18.071000"}, {"id": 122183, "accession_number": "1942.50", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Young Girl Carrying a Garland of Roses on a Platter, early 1770s. Clodion (French, 1738\u20131814). Terracotta; overall: 45.1 x 15.2 x 17.3 cm (17 3/4 x 6 x 6 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey, 1942.50", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Young Girl Carrying a Garland of Roses on a Platter", "creation_date": "early 1770s", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 45.1 x 15.2 x 17.3 cm (17 3/4 x 6 x 6 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.451, "width": 0.152, "depth": 0.173}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed near base: CLODION.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "possibly Eug\u00e8ne Tondu, Paris (possibly sold, Paris, 1865, lot no. 205)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1865", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection, France (sold, Paris, H\u00f4tel Drouot, May 29, 1914, lot no. 30)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 29, 1914", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers, 1867-1943 (New York, New York), by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1942", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Claude Michel, generally referred to as Clodion, is best known for his decorative terra-cotta statuettes. This work is quite representative of Clodion in both subject and style. The sculpture, which is developed upon works dating from the artist's earlier residency in Rome, represents a standing female figure carrying an abundant display of flora. The figure alludes to Greek and Roman depictions of the horae, or goddesses of the seasons, and, through the figure's floral crown and platter, can easily be attributed to the season of spring.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761300"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.50-young-girl-carrying"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"The Rousseau de la Rotti\u00e8re Room the Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 4 (April 1942): 47-66", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64; Mentioned: p. 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140981"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; distributed by H.N. Abrams, New York, 1964.", "page_number": "cat. no. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n180"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n180"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n208"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.50/1942.50_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "210719", "filename": "1942.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.50/1942.50_print.jpg", "width": "2018", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3345600", "filename": "1942.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.50/1942.50_full.tif", "width": "3345", "height": "5635", "filesize": "56582908", "filename": "1942.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-28T15:37:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.50/1942.50_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "893", "filesize": "217289"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.50/1942.50_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2103", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3452935"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.50/1942.50_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3420", "height": "5530", "filesize": "56771912"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122183, "creators": [{"id": 8537, "description": "Clodion (French, 1738\u20131814)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1814", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1770s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Young Girl", "Young Girl Carrying Flowers in Her Shirt"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:59.406000"}, {"id": 140415, "accession_number": "1964.357.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altarpiece with Relics - God the Father, 1735\u201340. Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760), and Workshop. Gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.357.b", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Altarpiece with Relics - God the Father", "creation_date": "1735\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Bavaria, 18th century"], "technique": "gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection (Styria, Austria)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Dr. Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "G\u00f6tz covers every surface in gold leaf, giving each part of the object equal importance, rather than simply framing a central picture. In this distinctively Central European approach, figural narrative is subordinate to the overall ensemble. G\u00f6tz designed this object to rest on top of an altar, probably in front of a larger painted or sculpted decorative scheme. The work contains relics seen through the small windows on the perimeter. These small remains of holy figures demonstrate the persistence of a medieval Catholic tradition well into the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751722"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.357.b-altarpiece-with-reli"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 7, Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.357.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357.b/1964.357.b_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "150627", "filename": "1964.357.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357.b/1964.357.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "1404159", "filename": "1964.357.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357.b/1964.357.b_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99891296", "filename": "1964.357.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-18T19:15:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.b/1964.357.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1103", "height": "893", "filesize": "200071"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.b/1964.357.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2752", "filesize": "1646763"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.b/1964.357.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2610", "height": "2113", "filesize": "16572868"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140415, "creators": [{"id": 12755, "description": "Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1760", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1735\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.357", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:29.865000"}, {"id": 140416, "accession_number": "1964.357.c", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altarpiece with Relics - Putto with Ewer, upper left, c. 1735\u201340. Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760), and Workshop. Gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.357.c", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Altarpiece with Relics - Putto with Ewer, upper left", "creation_date": "c. 1735\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Bavaria, 18th century"], "technique": "gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection (Styria, Austria)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Dr. Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "G\u00f6tz covers every surface in gold leaf, giving each part of the object equal importance, rather than simply framing a central picture. In this distinctively Central European approach, figural narrative is subordinate to the overall ensemble. G\u00f6tz designed this object to rest on top of an altar, probably in front of a larger painted or sculpted decorative scheme. The work contains relics seen through the small windows on the perimeter. These small remains of holy figures demonstrate the persistence of a medieval Catholic tradition well into the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754253"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.357.c-altarpiece-with-reli"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 53, no. 7 (1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 7, Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.357.c", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_web.jpg", "width": "769", "height": "893", "filesize": "52668", "filename": "1964.357.c_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_print.jpg", "width": "2926", "height": "3400", "filesize": "771049", "filename": "1964.357.c_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_full.tif", "width": "2897", "height": "3366", "filesize": "29282760", "filename": "1964.357.c_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-21T17:46:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "42243"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2763", "height": "3400", "filesize": "631924"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2743", "height": "3375", "filesize": "27817808"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-21T18:04:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "51307"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2897", "height": "3400", "filesize": "711135"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2940", "height": "3450", "filesize": "30459420"}}, {"date_created": "2012-05-21T18:17:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "794", "height": "893", "filesize": "53225"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3024", "height": "3400", "filesize": "729742"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.357.c/1964.357.c_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3204", "height": "3602", "filesize": "34652028"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140416, "creators": [{"id": 12755, "description": "Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1760", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.357", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:10.346000"}, {"id": 140417, "accession_number": "1964.357.d", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altarpiece with Relics - Putto with column, upper right, 1735\u20131740. Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760), and Workshop. Gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.357.d", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Altarpiece with Relics - Putto with column, upper right", "creation_date": "1735\u20131740", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Bavaria, 18th century"], "technique": "gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection (Styria, Austria)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Dr. Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "G\u00f6tz covers every surface in gold leaf, giving each part of the object equal importance, rather than simply framing a central picture. In this distinctively Central European approach, figural narrative is subordinate to the overall ensemble. G\u00f6tz designed this object to rest on top of an altar, probably in front of a larger painted or sculpted decorative scheme. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140423, "creators": [{"id": 12755, "description": "Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1760", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735\u20131740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.357", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:06.202000"}, {"id": 143293, "accession_number": "1967.229", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mourning Mary, c. 1710\u201340. Austria, Vienna. Stone with traces of original color; overall: 130.2 x 59.3 x 43.2 cm (51 1/4 x 23 3/8 x 17 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1967.229", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Mourning Mary", "creation_date": "c. 1710\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Austria, Vienna"], "technique": "stone with traces of original color", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 130.2 x 59.3 x 43.2 cm (51 1/4 x 23 3/8 x 17 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.302, "width": 0.593, "depth": 0.432}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This figure\u2019s orientation suggests it may have been part of a Crucifixion group, situated to the left of Christ with another figure to the right to balance the composition. Fingers knotted in prayer, lips parted in anguish, the Virgin appears to recoil from the sight of her son on the cross. Her contorted pose and agitated draperies are visible manifestations of her grief. Obvious signs of wear to the stone suggest that the group may have been set outside of a church, perhaps atop pillars.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752292"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.229-mourning-mary"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Annual Report for 1967: Decorative Arts.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LV, no. 6 (June, 1968): 174-177.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 174, 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1968.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 56, no. 1 (1969): 3-50.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 54, p. 46, Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152250."}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" The Art Quarterly XXXII, no. 2 (Summer 1969): 207-234.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Dissertation. Cleveland, OH: Cast Western Reserve University,1986.", "page_number": "reproduced: p. 436, fig. 58a; Mentioned: p.432-436", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leonard, Anne, and Joyce Suechun Cheng. The Tragic Muse: Art and Emotion, 1700-1900. Chicago, IL: Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13, fig. 2", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.229", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.229/1967.229_web.jpg", "width": "581", "height": "893", "filesize": "282581", "filename": "1967.229_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.229/1967.229_print.jpg", "width": "2211", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4131173", "filename": "1967.229_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.229/1967.229_full.tif", "width": "3893", "height": "5986", "filesize": "69944140", "filename": "1967.229_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-11-10T13:46:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "236216"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2099", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3667588"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3839", "height": "6218", "filesize": "71645504"}}, {"date_created": "2009-11-10T14:11:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "229550"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2018", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3543030"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3632", "height": "6118", "filesize": "66694664"}}, {"date_created": "2009-11-10T14:28:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "874", "height": "893", "filesize": "495163"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3327", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6513305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5102", "filesize": "76443224"}}, {"date_created": "2009-11-10T14:48:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "667721"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "5069949"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99894508"}}, {"date_created": "2009-11-06T20:54:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "893", "filesize": "279441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2203", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4287588"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1967.229/1967.229_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3982", "height": "6147", "filesize": "73465292"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 143293, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:06.160000"}, {"id": 146187, "accession_number": "1971.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Putti Pair , mid-1700s. Ferdinand Tietz (Austrian, 1708\u20131777). Painted and gilded wood; overall: 55.9 x 41.9 x 41.9 cm (22 x 16 1/2 x 16 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.8", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Putti Pair ", "creation_date": "mid-1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, near Bamberg, 18th century"], "technique": "painted and gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 55.9 x 41.9 x 41.9 cm (22 x 16 1/2 x 16 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.559, "width": 0.419, "depth": 0.419}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "These airborne cherubs probably formed part of the decorations crowning an church altar. One of the putti holds a heart, which would originally have included a flame (now lost). An expression of religious fervor, the burning heart also referenced the Sacred Heart of Jesus, which in Christian imagery symbolized Christ\u2019s love for humanity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759995"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.8-putti-pair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LVIII, no.12 (December, 1971): 96.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 59, no. 1 (1972): 3-46.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 15, p. 40, Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412."}, {"citation": "Henry Hawley, \"Three Works by Ferdinand Tietz from Schloss Seehof,\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LIX (September 1972): 204-211.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207, fig. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152439"}, {"citation": "\"Museum Accessions.\" The Magazine Antiques CIII, no. 5 (May 1973): 866-886.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 866", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Dissertation. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 438-440; Reproduced: fig. 59a", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.8/1971.8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "498", "filesize": "173632", "filename": "1971.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.8/1971.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1881", "filesize": "1089929", "filename": "1971.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.8/1971.8_full.tif", "width": "9189", "height": "5083", "filesize": "140148016", "filename": "1971.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-01-22T16:24:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.8/1971.8_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "792", "height": "900", "filesize": "132966"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.8/1971.8_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2993", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1400926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.8/1971.8_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4571", "height": "5192", "filesize": "71223188"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 146187, "creators": [{"id": 340523, "description": "Ferdinand Tietz (Austrian, 1708\u20131777)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Austrian sculptor, baptized 1708, died 1777, active in Germany", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1708", "death_year": "1777", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-02-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:27.416000"}, {"id": 112478, "accession_number": "1931.104", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Towel End, c. 1700s\u20131800s. Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century. Cotton or linen (est.) straight (continuous) bobbin lace (Vologda tape lace). The tape forms figural or plant motifs outlined with gimp (heavy cord) with a monochrome plaited ground (metal thread or linen (est.) linking the tape; applied silk (est.) and metal thread ribbon; overall: 35.5 x 46 cm (14 x 18 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1931.104", "current_location": null, "title": "Towel End", "creation_date": "c. 1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Nizhny-Novgorod province, 18th-19th century"], "technique": "cotton or linen (est.) straight (continuous) bobbin lace (Vologda tape lace). The tape forms figural or plant motifs outlined with gimp (heavy cord) with a monochrome plaited ground (metal thread or linen (est.) linking the tape; applied silk (est.) and metal thread ribbon", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 35.5 x 46 cm (14 x 18 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.355, "width": 0.46}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Natalia Leonidovna Shabelsky, Moscow, Russia (1841-1904/5), by inheritance to her daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1904/5", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Princess Alexandre Sidamon-Eristoff and Mlle. N. de Chabelskoy, sold through B.M. Pushkin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904/5-1931", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Count B. M. Pushkin sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Embellishing the ends of everyday towels was a common folk tradition in many cultures because it displayed the skill of the mother or daughter who stitched them.", "description": "This Russian lace panel was likely used to embellish the end of a bathing towel. Textiles of this type are valuable for their fine embroidery or lacemaking that included ancient folk motifs, ritual significance, exemplification of the role of textiles in their society, and in this case, connection to a prominent woman collector, Natalia de Shabelsky, without whom this textile and others like it might have been lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877684"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.104-towel-end"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pushkin, B. M, B. M Pushkin, N. de Shabelsky, and N. de Shabelsky. Exhibition of National Russian Art, 17th, 18th and Early 19th Centuries: Peasant Embroideries, Costumes, Headdresses, Hand-Woven Materials, Laces, Ikons, Articles of Silver, Copper, Etc.: Shown by Count and Countess B.m.-Pushkin. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified, 1900.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valance, Aymer. \"Russian Peasant Industries.\" The studio: an illustrated magazine of fine and applied art. London: Offices of the Studio, 1893-1964. volume 37, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 241-248", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sidamon-Eristoff, V. P., Princess. Sobrani\u0304e russkoi\u0306 stariny Kn. V.P. Sidamon-E\u0307ristovoi\u0306 i N.P. Shabel\u02b9skoi\u0306: vypusk I-i\u0306, vyshivki i kruzheva = Antiquite\u0301s russes, collection princesse Sidamon-Eristoff et Mlle. N. de Schabelskoi. Moskva, 1910.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, and Studio. Peasant Art in Russia. The Studio, 1912. Special No. London: \"The Studio\", 1912.", "page_number": "p. 3-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gostelow, Mary. Embroidery of All Russia. New York: Scribner, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwoeffermann, Catherine, Peter Klosky, and Merrill Oliver. Goddesses and Their Offspring: 19th and 20th Century Eastern European Embroideries. Binghamton, N.Y.: Roberson Center for the Arts & Sciences, 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Efimova, L. V., R. M. Belogorskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Santina M. Levey. Russian Embroidery and Lace. Translated by A. I. Il\u02b9f. 1st English-language ed. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. \"Embroidery for the Goddess.\" Threads Magazine 11 (June/July 1987).", "page_number": "p. 26-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Mary B. Goddess Embroideries of Eastern Europe. Winona, MN: Northland Press of Winona, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Bridget M. Russian Lace Making. London: Batsford, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grusman, V. M., Elena Madlevskai\ufe20a\ufe21, and Karina Solov\u02b9eva. Collection Chabelskaya: une Russie fin de sie\u0300cle: portrait de femmes en costume traditionnel. 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lovings-Gomez, Lauren. \u201cThe Lost Narrative of Natalia Shabelsky\u2019s Collection of Russian Textiles.\u201d In Hidden Stories/Human Lives: Proceedings of the Textile Society of America 17th Biennial Symposium, October 15-17, 2020. UNL Commons. Accessed 10/20/2021 from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/. doi: 10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0117", "page_number": "", "url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.104", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.104/1931.104_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": "435059", "filename": "1931.104_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.104/1931.104_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2718", "filesize": "5585066", "filename": "1931.104_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.104/1931.104_full.tif", "width": "7200", "height": "5756", "filesize": "124367560", "filename": "1931.104_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112478, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700s\u20131800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:43.071000"}, {"id": 112480, "accession_number": "1931.106", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Towel End, 1700s\u20131800s. Russia, Orel province, 18th- 19th century. Cotton or linen (est.); straight (continuous) bobbin lace; ground with interspersed motifs of plant and animal forms in plain weave outlined with gimp (heavy cord); applied silk (est.) ribbon; overall: 30 x 39 cm (11 13/16 x 15 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1931.106", "current_location": null, "title": "Towel End", "creation_date": "1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Orel province, 18th- 19th century"], "technique": "cotton or linen (est.); straight (continuous) bobbin lace; ground with interspersed motifs of plant and animal forms in plain weave outlined with gimp (heavy cord); applied silk (est.) ribbon", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 30 x 39 cm (11 13/16 x 15 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.3, "width": 0.39}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Natalia Leonidovna Shabelsky, Moscow, Russia (1841-1904/5), by inheritance to her daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1904/5", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Princess Alexandre Sidamon-Eristoff and Mlle. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Joe Brotherton [1918\u20132012], San Francisco, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131977", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A cheerful gathering of poets was one the most popular themes of East Asian literati paintings. Literary Gathering in the Orchid Pavilion depicts a poets\u2019 party hosted in AD 353 by the famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi to celebrate the Spring Purification Festival, observed annually on the third day of the third month. 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1221/1916.1221_alt10_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "900", "filesize": "284250"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1221/1916.1221_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "2150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4057623"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1221/1916.1221_alt10_full.tif", "width": "4107", "height": "6494", "filesize": "80039412"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95485, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cap (Benika)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:48.313000"}, {"id": 97959, "accession_number": "1917.601.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Asia and Africa from the Four Continents, c. 1760. Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 23.5 x 17.6 x 18.7 cm (9 1/4 x 6 15/16 x 7 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.601.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Figure of Asia and Africa from the Four Continents", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Chelsea, mid-18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 23.5 x 17.6 x 18.7 cm (9 1/4 x 6 15/16 x 7 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.235, "width": 0.176, "depth": 0.187}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 706804, "title": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850", "description": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (January 19-February 28, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1917.602"], "did_you_know": "Figural representations of the four continents date back to the 1500s, but such imagery became even more popular in the 1700s as European empires expanded.", "description": "Often collected by wealthy British merchants who were beneficiaries of colonial expansion, figural groups were frequently part of elaborate table decorations meant to signify wealth and global dominance. In this work, Africa, who wears an elephant headdress and holds a scorpion in one hand, wrestles with Asia, who is surrounded by perfumes and native fruits. These depictions of Africa and Asia reveal a purely imagined understanding of faraway places.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751628"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.601.2-figure-of-asia-and-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "F. A. W. \"The Bequests of Mary Warden Harkness: A Tribute and an Accounting.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 15, no. 2 (February 1928): 43-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137106"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.601.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.601.2/1917.601.2_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "893", "filesize": "330523", "filename": "1917.601.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.601.2/1917.601.2_print.jpg", "width": "2709", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4321288", "filename": "1917.601.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.601.2/1917.601.2_full.tif", "width": "3076", "height": "3860", "filesize": "35652936", "filename": "1917.601.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-10T20:31:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.601.2/1917.601.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "893", "filesize": "343588"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.601.2/1917.601.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2808", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4529541"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1917.601.2/1917.601.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3304", "height": "4000", "filesize": "39681204"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97959, "creators": [{"id": 18265, "description": "Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufactured by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.601", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:57.135000"}, {"id": 121281, "accession_number": "1942.1151", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Susan Coren Towers, 1796. James Peale (American, 1749\u20131831). Watercolor on ivory; framed: 8 x 6.6 cm (3 1/8 x 2 5/8 in.); unframed: 7.1 x 5.6 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1151", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Susan Coren Towers", "creation_date": "1796", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1796, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, late 18th Century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8 x 6.6 cm (3 1/8 x 2 5/8 in.); Unframed: 7.1 x 5.6 cm (2 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.08, "width": 0.066}, "unframed": {"height": 0.071, "width": 0.056}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left: I P / 1796", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alexander Britton, Washington. (Copley Gallery, Boston, 1929). Edward B. Greene.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Online fans of the Broadway musical Hamilton have frequently misidentified this image as a portrait of Peggy Schuyler, Alexander Hamilton\u2019s sister-in-law.", "description": "Susan Coren Towers was the daughter of a major in the Revolutionary War, and her husband was a successful woolen goods manufacturer. While little is known about Towers outside of her husband\u2019s and father\u2019s pursuits, Peale painted her with slightly asymmetrical clothing, bouncy curls, and a slight smirk, possible hints at her personality. While many portrait miniatures have compartments containing the sitter\u2019s hair, this example holds hair from two individuals, likely Towers and a loved one.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017084"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1151-portrait-of-susan-co"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38, cat. 89, p. 18; Reproduced: plate XLIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1151", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1151/1942.1151_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "893", "filesize": "389565", "filename": "1942.1151_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1151/1942.1151_print.jpg", "width": "2531", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4925136", "filename": "1942.1151_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1151/1942.1151_full.tif", "width": "2924", "height": "3928", "filesize": "34489444", "filename": "1942.1151_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-11-03T20:33:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1151/1942.1151_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "893", "filesize": "425072"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1151/1942.1151_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2517", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5609886"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.1151/1942.1151_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2921", "height": "3945", "filesize": "34604288"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121281, "creators": [{"id": 3745, "description": "James Peale (American, 1749\u20131831)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1749", "death_year": "1831", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1796", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Susan Coren Towers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:18.286000"}, {"id": 130126, "accession_number": "1952.506", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase, 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Jade; overall: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1952.506", "current_location": null, "title": "Vase", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "jade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Overall: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.172}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "Scholar's Studio. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This jade vase's flaring lip, central band, and flaring foot are derived from archaic bronze zun.", "description": "In the Ming (1368\u20131644) and Qing (1644\u20131911) dynasties, luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. Imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. This jade vase has free ring handles suspended from a pair of feline masks. The cross-section of vase is an eight-sided lozenge with curving sides. It illustrates the superb carving skills and the creative mind of its accomplished creator, who sought clients on a competitive market.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79911842"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.506-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cChinese Carved Jades.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 41, no. 4 (April 1954): 67\u201371.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141956"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.506", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.506/1952.506_web.jpg", "width": "817", "height": "893", "filesize": "36859", "filename": "1952.506_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.506/1952.506_print.jpg", "width": "3109", "height": "3400", "filesize": "461609", "filename": "1952.506_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.506/1952.506_full.tif", "width": "4250", "height": "4647", "filesize": "59271240", "filename": "1952.506_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-09-07T17:32:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.506/1952.506_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "30937"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.506/1952.506_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2719", "height": "3400", "filesize": "398947"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.506/1952.506_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3813", "height": "4767", "filesize": "54551712"}}], "creditline": "Anonymous Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130126, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:50.921000"}, {"id": 136298, "accession_number": "1960.184", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pradyumna and Samvara fight with maces, from the \"Large Basohli Bhagavata Purana\", c. 1760\u201365. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 28 x 38.3 cm (11 x 15 1/16 in.); overall: 30.2 x 41 cm (11 7/8 x 16 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Mundane Club, 1960.184", "current_location": null, "title": "Pradyumna and Samvara fight with maces, from the \"Large Basohli Bhagavata Purana\"", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201365", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 28 x 38.3 cm (11 x 15 1/16 in.); Overall: 30.2 x 41 cm (11 7/8 x 16 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.28, "width": 0.383}, "overall": {"height": 0.302, "width": 0.41}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "Artlens Exhibition 2017. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 146204, "description": "Akrura and Kritavarma flee Dvaraka, page from the \"Large Basohli Bhagavata Purana\", c. 1760\u201365. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; image: 27.5 x 37.8 cm (10 13/16 x 14 7/8 in.); overall: 30.6 x 40.2 cm (12 1/16 x 15 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.94", "relationship": null}, {"id": 146203, "description": "Pradyumna and Mayavati Fly to Dvaraka, from the Large Basohli Bhagavata Purana, c. 1760\u201365. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 28.1 x 38.5 cm (11 1/16 x 15 3/16 in.); overall: 30.5 x 41.2 cm (12 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.93", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141755, "description": "Brahma Hides the Cowherds and the Calves in the Cave, page from a Bhagavata Purana, c. 1760\u201365. India, Pahari Hills, Basholi School, 18th century. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 27.5 x 37.8 cm (10 13/16 x 14 7/8 in.); overall: 30.6 x 40.2 cm (12 1/16 x 15 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Meyer, 1965.335", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Pradyumna is the incarnation (avatar) of Kama, the god of erotic love.", "description": "The demon on the left is Samvara. He heard a prophecy that Pradyumna, the son of Krishna and Rukmini, would one day murder him. Hearing this, Samvara kidnapped Pradyumna when he was an infant and threw him into the ocean, where he was swallowed by a fish. The fish was caught and brought to Samvara\u2019s kitchen, where Mayavati discovered him still alive in the belly of the fish. She raised him; he slayed the demon and married Mayavati.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465433"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.184-pradyumna-and-samvar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 106iii", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.184", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.184/1960.184_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "663", "filesize": "155033", "filename": "1960.184_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.184/1960.184_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2504", "filesize": "1766299", "filename": "1960.184_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.184/1960.184_full.tif", "width": "6965", "height": "5129", "filesize": "107201524", "filename": "1960.184_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-21T11:36:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.184/1960.184_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "175800"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.184/1960.184_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2547", "filesize": "1920280"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1960.184/1960.184_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7358", "height": "5511", "filesize": "121679868"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Mundane Club", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136298, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201365", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pradyumna and Samvara fight with maces: Leaf from the \"Large Basohli Bhagavata Purana\""], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:14.924000"}, {"id": 137099, "accession_number": "1961.7", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Plates (Assiettes), c. 1748\u201351. Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1961.7", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Plates (Assiettes)", "creation_date": "c. 1748\u201351", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1751, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.245}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Interlaced 'L's with three dots: above, below and in the middle (1971.7.2)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302022, "title": "Decorative Style", "description": "Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 8, 1961-January 7, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-09-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Though the Vincennes porcelain factory had a royal privilege for gilding as early as 1745, it was not until 1748 that they were able to put this process into practice when they bought the secret to its production from Benedictine monk, Hippolyte Lefleure.", "description": "Known as \u201cGerman flowers,\u201d naturalistic floral compositions painted on Meissen factory porcelain in the 1740s influenced the paintings of French and English porcelain factories. At the Vincennes factory in the 1750s, botanically accurate flower paintings were regularly represented. The flowers seen here take inspiration from Meissen, while at the same time representing an early attempt at a distinctly French style of porcelain painting that emphasized bright, clear colors.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031406"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.7-pair-of-plates-assie"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Ceramics of the Rococo Age.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 48 (March 1961).", "page_number": "p. 53-54; fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.7", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.7/1961.7_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "731", "filesize": "77545", "filename": "1961.7_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.7/1961.7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1968", "filesize": "421807", "filename": "1961.7_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.7/1961.7_full.tif", "width": "7584", "height": "4390", "filesize": "99903952", "filename": "1961.7_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-10-23T15:27:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.7/1961.7_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "833", "filesize": "62191"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.7/1961.7_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2243", "filesize": "385267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.7/1961.7_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7543", "height": "4977", "filesize": "112646528"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137099, "creators": [{"id": 11807, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "The French National Manufacture of soft-paste porcelain was established at Vincennes in 1738 before it moved in 1756.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1748\u201351", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:26.487000"}, {"id": 138442, "accession_number": "1962.358", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (Assiette \u00e0 cordonnet), c. 1752. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 24.8 cm (9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1962.358", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (Assiette \u00e0 cordonnet)", "creation_date": "c. 1752", "creation_date_earliest": 1752, "creation_date_latest": 1753, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.8 cm (9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.248}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1963: \"Year in Review, \" cat.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Madame de Pompadour, official mistress of French King Louis XV, bought 36 plates with this form and type of decoration on May 23, 1753, attesting to its popularity among French royals.", "description": "The paintings and designs of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher were reproduced regularly at the Vincennes Porcelain Factory. This image of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine and revelry, depicted on this plate in the form of a winged cupid, was likely inspired by Boucher\u2019s models. Representations of children in monochromatic color schemes, as seen here, were known in France as enfants cam\u00efeux and popularly decorated 18th-century French porcelain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034278"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.358-plate-assiette-a-cor"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50 (December 1963).", "page_number": "p. 291, no. 29, ill. p. 274", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.358", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.358/1962.358_web.jpg", "width": "926", "height": "893", "filesize": "88298", "filename": "1962.358_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.358/1962.358_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3278", "filesize": "742561", "filename": "1962.358_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.358/1962.358_full.tif", "width": "4464", "height": "4304", "filesize": "57672344", "filename": "1962.358_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-07-23T15:26:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.358/1962.358_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "903", "height": "893", "filesize": "51783"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.358/1962.358_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3364", "filesize": "611650"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.358/1962.358_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4244", "height": "4200", "filesize": "53504992"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138442, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "porcelain manufactured at", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1752, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1752", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:58.829000"}, {"id": 140217, "accession_number": "1964.206", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Miniature Vases with Birds and Chrysanthemums, 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; diameter of mouth: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.); overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.206", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Miniature Vases with Birds and Chrysanthemums", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.); Overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.021}, "overall": {"height": 0.095}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing Imperial Collection, Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sir Robert Ho Tung [1862\u20131956], Hong Kong", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Tonying and Co., Inc., New York, NY, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u20131964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The chrysanthemum is considered one of the \"Four Noble Gentlemen\" along with plum, orchid, and bamboo.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. Luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. 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Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "pp. 76\u201377, cat. no. 88", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.206", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.206/1964.206_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "647", "filesize": "191095", "filename": "1964.206_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.206/1964.206_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2445", "filesize": "1048651", "filename": "1964.206_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.206/1964.206_full.tif", "width": "4619", "height": "3322", "filesize": "46058260", "filename": "1964.206_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-08-30T14:11:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.206/1964.206_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "900", "filesize": "94827"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.206/1964.206_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2268", "height": "3355", "filesize": "685349"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.206/1964.206_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2268", "height": "3355", "filesize": "22851208"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140217, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:29.193000"}, {"id": 140218, "accession_number": "1964.206.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Miniature Vase with Birds and Chrysanthemums, 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; diameter of mouth: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.); overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.206.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Miniature Vase with Birds and Chrysanthemums", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.); Overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.021}, "overall": {"height": 0.095}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing Imperial Collection, Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sir Robert Ho Tung [1862\u20131956], Hong Kong", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Tonying and Co., Inc., New York, NY, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u20131964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1964.206"], "did_you_know": "Green, pink, lavender, light lemon yellow, blue, and brown enamels were skillfully applied to this miniature vase.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. Luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in nonofficial positions. This miniature porcelain vase with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration illustrates some of the highest technical accomplishments in Qing porcelain production.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80038109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.206.1-miniature-vase-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; diameter of mouth: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.); overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.206.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Miniature Vase with Birds and Chrysanthemums", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.); Overall: 9.5 cm (3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.021}, "overall": {"height": 0.095}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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[1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u20131964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1964.207"], "did_you_know": "Famille rose overglaze enamel decoration is accompanied by underglaze blue on the vase's collar and handles.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. Luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. 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China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain with celadon glaze; overall: 0.8 x 11.1 cm (5/16 x 4 3/8 in.). 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[1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963\u20131964", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lingzhi is a woody mushroom often used in traditional Chinese medicine and associated with immortality.", "description": "In China, access to political power was granted to those who passed the civil service examinations, a system that offered official service only at a high level of education. Chinese literati-officials, whose daily routine involved administrative work in an office, enjoyed precious objects on their writing desks that offered distraction and demonstrated good taste. By the Ming (1368\u20131644) and Qing (1644\u20131911) dynasties, these utensils of the literati studio became also collectibles and were treasured as artworks.
Desk objects included paper weights, seals and seal paste boxes, brush rests like this porcelain one, wrist rests, brush holders, water droppers, ink cakes, miniature mountains, and albums, all ranging in material from jade, gilt bronze, lacquer, and wood to porcelain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80038182"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.225-brushwasher-in-form"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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The different colored overglaze enamels, orange, blue, green, and yellow, combine with a wiry black outline to form the design of a singing bird on a flowering bough repeated on each side of the pot.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80038277"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.250-wine-ewer-with-birds", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.250-wine-ewer-shaped-wat", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.250-water-container-with", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.250-teapot-with-birds-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 27.7 x 19.3 cm (10 7/8 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.28", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna Stealing Curds", "creation_date": "late 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 27.7 x 19.3 cm (10 7/8 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.277, "width": 0.193}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 379162, "title": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings", "description": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2021-February 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 13, 2003\u2013February 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-08-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.J. Klejman [1906\u20131995], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 142546, "description": "Krishna Vanquishing the Crane-Demon Bakasura, late 1700s. Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 27.8 x 19.7 cm (10 15/16 x 7 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.29", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Krishna\u2019s brother Balarama holds a snake, since he is an incarnation of Vishnu\u2019s cosmic serpent.", "description": "As a toddler growing up in a rural cowherding community, Krishna loved to eat the dairy products his parents attempted to keep out of his reach. With bold rounded contours and modeling, the blue-skinned Krishna totters precariously on a ladder, while his irate foster mother brandishes a stick at him.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469604"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.28-krishna-stealing-cur"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "cat. no. 101i", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.28/1966.28_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "893", "filesize": "549478", "filename": "1966.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.28/1966.28_print.jpg", "width": "2396", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7006616", "filename": "1966.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.28/1966.28_full.tif", "width": "3524", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52895436", "filename": "1966.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.28/1966.28_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "893", "filesize": "512429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.28/1966.28_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1823", "height": "2585", "filesize": "4243110"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1966.28/1966.28_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1823", "height": "2585", "filesize": "14151508"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142535, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:38.798000"}, {"id": 539459, "accession_number": "1968.108.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth, folio 18 (recto) from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand, 1744\u201345. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 13.4 x 14.9 cm (5 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); page: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Parmelee and Cornelia Blakemore Warner Funds, 1968.108.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Ravana battles the great vulture Jatayu and defeats him by throwing stones in his mouth, folio 18 (recto) from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand", "creation_date": "1744\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1744, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 13.4 x 14.9 cm (5 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); Page: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.288, "width": 0.2}, "image": {"height": 0.134, "width": 0.149}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[caption above image]] a\u1e6dhai g\u012bradhavo pa\u1e41kh\u012b r\u0101va\u1e47a su\u1e41 judha karai pa\u1e41kh\u012b h\u0101ryo pathara muha mai n\u0101khy\u0101 / bh\u0101va 35", "inscription_translation": "Here, the G\u012bradhava bird is fighting R\u0101va\u1e47a. [R\u0101va\u1e47a] defeated the bird [by] making stones slide down his throat. 35", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[text below image]] r\u0101va\u1e47a kai geha || naya\u1e47\u0101 \u0101su jha\u1e0da lagyau || j\u0101\u1e47ika barasata meha / ||92|| g\u012bradhavo pa\u1e41kh\u012b \u015br\u012b r\u0101ma ko || s\u012bt\u0101 cok\u012bd\u0101ra || cuga\u1e47a / gayo t\u012b\u1e47a avasarai || p\u0101chai har\u012b ja n\u0101ra ||93|| r\u0101va\u1e47a l\u012by\u0101 j\u0101 / ta hai || s\u012bt\u0101 kar\u012b puk\u0101ra || pa\u1e41kh\u012b p\u0101kha pas\u0101ra ke || pa\u1e0dyo ja r\u0101va\u1e47a / l\u0101ra ||94|| c\u0101ca m\u0101rata saba deha mai || jaisai barach\u012b p\u0101ra || la\u1e0data / la\u1e0data r\u0101va\u1e47a \u1e0daryo || khuba pohoc\u0101\u00ef m\u0101ra ||95|| pathara lo / h\u012b r\u0101va\u1e47a ra\u1e41gai || \u1e0d\u0101rata mukha mai kh\u0101ta || p\u0101thara su bh\u0101r\u012b huvo / jaba r\u0101va\u1e47a le j\u0101ta ||96|| le s\u012bt\u0101 la\u1e41k\u0101 gaye || r\u0101kasa / bhae \u016bd\u0101sa || r\u0101va\u1e47a ku\u1e41 aisai kahai || gayo ja la\u1e41k\u0101 b\u0101sa ||9 / 7|| r\u0101va\u1e47a v\u0101yaka\u1e25 || r\u0101kas\u0101 su kahai joma k\u012b b\u0101ta", "inscription_translation": "[\u2026] R\u0101va\u1e47a\u2019s home. Her eyes started to shed tears. J\u0101nak\u012b was a raining cloud. The G\u012bradhavo bird of \u015ar\u012b R\u0101ma was the guardian of S\u012bt\u0101. He had gone to peck [at grains] at this moment, behind the woman who was being raptured. ||93||\n\n\nR\u0101va\u1e47a was taking her away. S\u012bt\u0101 shouted. The bird spread out his wings. He bursted on the back of R\u0101va\u1e47a. ||94||\n\n\nHe hit him with his beak all over his body, like a spear he made [blows] rain. Fighting and fighting, R\u0101va\u1e47a was frightened. He fought back fiercely. ||95||\nR\u0101va\u1e47a painted stones with blood. He threw them down his beak, made him eat [them]. He became heavy because of the stones while R\u0101va\u1e47a was taking [her] away. ||96||\n\nHe took S\u012bt\u0101 to La\u1e45k\u0101. The demons were displeased. They said to R\u0101va\u1e47a: \u201cThe fragrance of La\u1e45k\u0101 has vanished\u201d. ||97||\n\n\nR\u0101va\u1e47a\u2019s speech. He says things full of passion to the demons:", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Arun Bharany, New Delhi, India, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131968", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blood-covered stones will weigh the bird down, so he cannot rescue Sita.", "description": "Scenes of the abduction and rescue of Sita are embedded within a popular tale rewritten in a Gujarati-Rajasthani vernacular language by the poet Karamachand in 1629\u201330. Many details differ from the more well-known Ramayana of Valmiki. The artist shows Ravana as a merchant carrying Sita in a white sack slung over one shoulder. As Jatayu, a vulture ally of Rama, attempts to rescue her, Ravana attacks him with a sword, above. He then defeats the bird by throwing stones in his mouth. He painted the stones with blood, so Jatayu would swallow them.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117248334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.108.a-ravana-battles-the-g"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Oriental Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 70, pp. 182\u2013184", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.108.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.108.a/1968.108.a_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "900", "filesize": "413680", "filename": "1968.108.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.108.a/1968.108.a_print.jpg", "width": "2359", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3464272", "filename": "1968.108.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.108.a/1968.108.a_full.tif", "width": "5238", "height": "7551", "filesize": "118692112", "filename": "1968.108.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "James Parmelee and Cornelia Blakemore Warner Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 539459, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-06-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1744, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1744\u201345", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1968.108", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Page with abduction of Sita by Ravana (side A), from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Roaming the Sandalwood Mountain)", "Page with Two Scenes of Sita's Abduction, from a Ramayana", "Two Pages of Abduction of Sita by Ravana, from a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:11.032000"}, {"id": 539460, "accession_number": "1968.108.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be, folio 18 (verso) from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand, 1744\u201345. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 14.9 x 14.8 cm (5 7/8 x 5 13/16 in.); page: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Parmelee and Cornelia Blakemore Warner Funds, 1968.108.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Jatayu approaches Rama and Lakshmana who are wondering where Sita could be, folio 18 (verso) from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Story of King Chandana and Queen Malayagiri) of Karamachand", "creation_date": "1744\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1744, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kishangarh"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 14.9 x 14.8 cm (5 7/8 x 5 13/16 in.); Page: 28.8 x 20 cm (11 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.288, "width": 0.2}, "image": {"height": 0.149, "width": 0.148}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[caption above image]] a\u1e6dhai \u015br\u012b r\u0101maj\u012b dusat\u0101 bai\u1e6dh\u0101 s\u012bt\u0101 b\u012bjyoga \u016bpajyau lachama\u1e47a h\u012b mal\u0101sa dai / bh\u0101va 36", "inscription_translation": "Here \u015ar\u012b R\u0101ma sits, dejected. He grieves S\u012bt\u0101's loss. Laksmana gives [him] the hope of meeting [her again]. Scene 36", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[text above image and caption]] bh\u016bma\u1e41\u1e0dala aiso ko nah\u012b || jyo chu\u1e0d\u0101vata mujha \u1e6dh\u0101ma || bh\u0101ji karu caka / cura h\u012b || r\u0101va\u1e47a m\u0101haro n\u0101ma ||98|| abai r\u0101va\u1e47a s\u012bt\u0101 ne lera la\u1e41ka / ga\u1e0dha mai gayo chai avai \u015br\u012b r\u0101maj\u012b ka s\u012bta rai su\u1e41 lera \u0101vai so bh\u0101va / \u0101e r\u0101ma sak\u0101ra su || s\u012bt\u0101 na de\u1e41khai naina || sun\u012b ma\u1e0dhiy\u0101 dekha kai | / lakhama\u1e47a su kahai vai\u1e47a ||99|| p\u0101be ku\u1e41 banaphala m\u012blai\u1e41 || \u016b\u1e0dha\u1e47a ku / tarupata || ete mai s\u012bt\u0101 hara gae || b\u012bpata m\u0101h\u012bb\u012bpata ||100| la / chama\u1e47a b\u0101yaka r\u0101maj\u012b su kahai\u1e25 || sora\u1e6dho bh\u0101i mo disa bh\u0101la || mai / kema ja m\u0101ro ka\u1e0dhiyo || tr\u012by\u0101 b\u012b\u1e47a eka h\u012b b\u0101ra || rovai k\u0101su\u1e41 / r\u0101maca\u1e41da ||1|| ete mai g\u012bradhavo pa\u1e41kh\u012b || \u0101yo r\u0101ma hajura ||", "inscription_translation": "\u201cThere is no one on the surface of the Earth who could make her leave my kingdom. If he flees [with her], he will be reduced to ashes. My name is R\u0101va\u1e47a!\u201d ||98||\n\n\nNow R\u0101va\u1e47a has gone to the fortress of La\u1e45k\u0101 having abducted S\u012bt\u0101. Now \u015ar\u012b R\u0101ma is coming to get S\u012bt\u0101. This is the scene/mood. \n\n\nR\u0101ma came back from the hunt. His eyes did not see S\u012bt\u0101. When he saw the empty hut, he said to Lak\u1e63ma\u1e47a [these] words: ||99||\n\n\u201cIn the mountain, there are wild (forest) fruits, there are tree leaves to make veils. There S\u012bt\u0101 was abducted. This is a disaster, a great disaster.\u201d ||100|\nLak\u1e63ma\u1e47a\u2019s speech. He says to R\u0101ma: (Sora\u1e6dh\u0101) \n\n\nI see good signs. How could something be taken away from me? To be without wife for a day, why cry [for this] O R\u0101ma.\u201d ||1|| \n\n\nHere the G\u012bradhava bird arrived before R\u0101ma.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[lower right corner]] 18", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 4-August 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-August 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Arun Bharany, New Delhi, India, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131968", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The folio number 18 is written in black in the lower right corner.", "description": "Rama sits in front of the empty hut, while his brother Lakshmana tries to reassure him. The giant vulture Jatayu limps over a hill in the distance, still weighed down by the stones he swallowed. He approaches to tell Rama and Lakshmana that the demon Ravana abducted Sita.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116773966"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.108.b-page-from-a-chandana", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.108.b-jatayu-approaches-ra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Oriental Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 70, pp. 182\u2013184", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.108.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.108.b/1968.108.b_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "900", "filesize": "409234", "filename": "1968.108.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.108.b/1968.108.b_print.jpg", "width": "2331", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3512913", "filename": "1968.108.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.108.b/1968.108.b_full.tif", "width": "5188", "height": "7566", "filesize": "117792584", "filename": "1968.108.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "James Parmelee and Cornelia Blakemore Warner Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 539460, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-06-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1744, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1744\u201345", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1968.108", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Page with abduction of Sita by Ravana (side A), from a Chandana Malayagiri Varta (Roaming the Sandalwood Mountain)", "Page with Two Scenes of Sita's Abduction, from a Ramayana", "Two Pages of Abduction of Sita by Ravana, from a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:26.747000"}, {"id": 144503, "accession_number": "1969.202", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Five Guineas: William III (obverse); Four Shields and Lion of Nassau (reverse), 1701. England, William III, 1694-1702. Gold; diameter: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.202", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Guineas: William III (obverse); Four Shields and Lion of Nassau (reverse)", "creation_date": "1701", "creation_date_earliest": 1701, "creation_date_latest": 1701, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, William III, 1694-1702"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.037}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "GVLIELMVS . III . DEI . GRA.", "inscription_translation": "William the third by the grace of God", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "MAG BR\u2219 FRA ET\u2219 HIB REX\u2219 1701", "inscription_translation": "King of Great Britain, France and Ireland 1701", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "DECUS ET TUTAMEN", "inscription_translation": "an ornament and a safeguard in the thirteenth year of the reign", "inscription_remark": "edge", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Of the coinage minted by William III, this type is considered the finest because of the profusion of detail.", "description": "There were three types used on the five guinea coin of William III, who continued to reign long after the death of Mary. As hammered coinage was still in circulation along with the mill coins, the government decided to call in all the remaining hammered pieces in 1695, completing the reform of the coinage. This affected mostly the silver coinage. Gold was gradually reduced until the value of the guinea, when set against the silver coinage, was 21 shillings and 6 pence. The guinea finally settled at 21 shillings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921794"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.202-five-guineas-william"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. 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England, George I, 1714-1727. Gold; diameter: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.206", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Guineas: George I (obverse); Shields and Star of the Order of the Garter (reverse)", "creation_date": "1716", "creation_date_earliest": 1716, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, George I, 1714-1727"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.037}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "GEORGIVS.D.G.M.BR.FR.ET.HIB.REX.F.D.", "inscription_translation": "George by the Grace of God King of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "BRVN ET L DVX S R I A TH ET EL 1716", "inscription_translation": "Duke of Brunswick and Lueneburg, Arch-Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. 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The shields now read as England & Scotland, France, Ireland, and Hanover. Around the shields the many titles of the king are abbreviated to sometimes only one letter:
BRVN ET\u00b7L\u00b7DVX S\u00b7I\u00b7R\u00b7A\u00b7TH ET\u00b7EL Duke of Brunswick and Lueneburg, Arch Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921821"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.206-five-guineas-george"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. 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GRATIA .", "inscription_translation": "George II by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": "obverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "M.B.F.E.T.H.REX.F.D.B.ET.L.D.S.R.I.A.T.ET.E.1731.", "inscription_translation": "Magnae Britanniae Franciae ET Hiberniae Rex Fidei Defensor Brun ET Lunebergen-sis Dux, Sacri Romani Imperii Archi-Thesaurius ET Elector: King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Luneberg, High Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shield shows from top right to bottom left: England and Scotland, France, Ireland, and the Electorate.", "description": "This coin was probably struck as a proof. Under George II the same denominations of coinage appeared as in previous reigns since the coinage reform of 1662. The elephant, or elephant and castle no longer appear on the obverse. In 1729 the initials E I C appeared below the head on some of the five guineas, and on the guinea and half guinea of other dates. These signify that the coins were struck for the East India Company, or from gold sent by that company for coining at the Royal Mint.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921827"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.207-five-guineas-george"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. 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England, George II, 1727-1760. Gold; diameter: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.208", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Guineas: George II (obverse); Shield of Arms (reverse)", "creation_date": "1746", "creation_date_earliest": 1746, "creation_date_latest": 1746, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, George II, 1727-1760"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.037}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "DEI . GRATIA . GEORGIVS . II; below: LIMA.", "inscription_translation": "George the Second by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": "obverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "M\u00b7B\u00b7F\u00b7ET\u00b7H\u00b7REX\u00b7F\u00b7D\u00b7B\u00b7ET\u00b7L\u00b7D\u00b7S\u00b7R\u00b7I\u00b7A\u00b7T\u00b7ET\u00b7E\u00b717 46\u00b7", "inscription_translation": "King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lueneburg, Arch Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The crowned quartered shield of arms represents from right to left, top to bottom, a framed lion for Scotland, France with fleurs de lys, Ireland with harp, and two lions for Brunswick, among others.", "description": "A new bust now appears on the coinage showing the king as an older man. The word LIMA that appears below the bust on this year only, refers to bullion captured by Admiral Anson from a Spanish plate fleet at Manila during his circumnavigation of the globe (1739\u201343). It also probably includes bullion supplied by a number of privateers operating against the Spanish plate fleets in the Atlantic. Why the actual word \"Lima\" was chosen to mark this supply of bullion has never been satisfactorily explained. The mint record book of the period simply records a warrant being issued for the inclusion of the word.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921836"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.208-five-guineas-george"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. [Catalog. 1968.", "page_number": "p. 65", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.208", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.208/1969.208_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "403", "filesize": "251003", "filename": "1969.208_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.208/1969.208_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1521", "filesize": "2316518", "filename": "1969.208_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.208/1969.208_full.tif", "width": "4578", "height": "2048", "filesize": "28152388", "filename": "1969.208_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T03:36:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.208/1969.208_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "797", "filesize": "305210"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.208/1969.208_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2313", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1820026"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.208/1969.208_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2313", "height": "2048", "filesize": "14238540"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144521, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1746, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1746", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:01.827000"}, {"id": 144524, "accession_number": "1969.209", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Guinea: George III (obverse); Shield of Arms (reverse), 1761. Design by Richard Yeo (British, 1720\u20131779). Gold; diameter: 2.4 cm (15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.209", "current_location": null, "title": "Guinea: George III (obverse); Shield of Arms (reverse)", "creation_date": "1761", "creation_date_earliest": 1761, "creation_date_latest": 1761, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, George III, 1760-1820"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 2.4 cm (15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.024}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "DEI . GRATIA . GEORGIVS . III .", "inscription_translation": "George the Third, by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "M.B.F.ET.H.REX.F.D.B.ET.L.D.S.R.I.A.T.ET.E.1761.", "inscription_translation": "\"Magnae Britanniae Franciae et Hiberniae Rex Fidei Defensor Brun et Lunebergen-sis Dux, Sacri Romani Imperii Archi-Thesaurius et Elector\" and translates as \"King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Luneberg, High Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.\"", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lueneburg, Arch Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Richard Yeo first came to notice in 1746, when he produced the official medal for the battle of Culloden.", "description": "No five- or two-guinea pieces were issued for general circulation during this reign, but there were large numbers of guineas, the unit piece. The reign saw a profusion of pattern and proof pieces being struck, mostly because a further coinage reform was imminent, as was the removal of the Royal Mint from the Tower of London, where there had been a mint for over 600 years. Richard Yeo was appointed assistant engraver at the Royal Mint in 1749, chief engraver in 1775, and died in 1779. He was responsible for a large number of pattern pieces and for some of the currency coins of the period. This coin, one of the earliest patterns of the reign, bears a portrait on the obverse similar to that of George II rather than George III.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921844"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.209-guinea-george-iii-ob"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. [Catalog. 1968.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.209", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.209/1969.209_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "426", "filesize": "263550", "filename": "1969.209_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.209/1969.209_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1611", "filesize": "2723497", "filename": "1969.209_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.209/1969.209_full.tif", "width": "4323", "height": "2048", "filesize": "26585892", "filename": "1969.209_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T03:37:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.209/1969.209_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "858", "filesize": "358518"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.209/1969.209_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2148", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2017936"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.209/1969.209_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2148", "height": "2048", "filesize": "13224768"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144524, "creators": [{"id": 10311, "description": "Richard Yeo (British, 1720\u20131779)", "extent": "design by", "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1720", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1761, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1761", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:12.070000"}, {"id": 144528, "accession_number": "1969.210", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Two Guinea Piece: George III (obverse); Shield of Arms (reverse), 1773. Design by John Sigismund Tanner (British, 1705\u20131775). Gold; diameter: 3.2 cm (1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.210", "current_location": null, "title": "Two Guinea Piece: George III (obverse); Shield of Arms (reverse)", "creation_date": "1773", "creation_date_earliest": 1773, "creation_date_latest": 1773, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, George III, 1760-1820"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 3.2 cm (1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.032}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "DEI . GRA . GEORGIVS . III .", "inscription_translation": "George III by the grace of God", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "M B F ET H REX F D B ET L D S R I A T ET 1773", "inscription_translation": "King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lueneburg, Arch Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The year this coin was minted, colonists in Boston raided three British ships throwing several hundred chests of tea into the harbor.", "description": "This very rare piece is another example of the fine patterns being produced at this period. With the coming reform of the coinage, the five- and two-guinea pieces do not appear again for general circulation. John Sigismund Tanner came to England in 1728, was appointed chief engraver in 1741 and died in 1775. He was responsible for a large number of pattern coins and for most of the second \"old head\" type of currency coins issued during the reign of George II.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921852"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.210-two-guinea-piece-geo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. 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Design by Richard Yeo (British, 1720\u20131779). Gold; diameter: 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.211", "current_location": null, "title": "Five Guineas: George III (obverse); Shield of Arms (reverse)", "creation_date": "1777", "creation_date_earliest": 1777, "creation_date_latest": 1777, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, George III, 1760-1820"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.038}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "DEI . GRATIA . GEORGIVS . III.", "inscription_translation": "George III by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "M.B.F.ET.H.REX.F.D.B.ET.L.D.S.R.I.A.T.ET.E 17 77", "inscription_translation": "King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, Treasurer and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "English Gold Coins: Ancient to Modern Times. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A pattern piece, this coin was not made for circulation.", "description": "This is an extremely rare piece and one demonstrating the ability of the artist. Richard Yeo was appointed assistant engraver at the Royal Mint in 1749, chief engraver in 1775, and died in 1779. He was responsible for a large number of pattern pieces and for some of the currency coins of the period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921858"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.211-five-guineas-george"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. [Catalog. 1968.", "page_number": "p. 68", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.211", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.211/1969.211_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "374", "filesize": "244231", "filename": "1969.211_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.211/1969.211_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1413", "filesize": "2290385", "filename": "1969.211_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.211/1969.211_full.tif", "width": "4869", "height": "2024", "filesize": "29589984", "filename": "1969.211_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T03:37:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.211/1969.211_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "765", "filesize": "296443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.211/1969.211_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2409", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1955082"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.211/1969.211_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2409", "height": "2048", "filesize": "14828244"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144531, "creators": [{"id": 10311, "description": "Richard Yeo (British, 1720\u20131779)", "extent": "design by", "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1720", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1777, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1777", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:00.196000"}, {"id": 144631, "accession_number": "1969.265", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Geometric, 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante goldsmith. Copper alloy. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Georges D. Rodrigues, 1969.265", "current_location": null, "title": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Geometric", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante goldsmith"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 37, p. 117, color repr. p. 34.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Georges Rodrigues, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Geometric weights like this are the earliest form of these small, functional objects.", "description": "The wealth and power of the Asante kingdom was derived primarily from its massive gold resources. Since at least 1600, small weights in brass and bronze were used to weight gold dust and nuggets. The royal court had the most elaborate store of weights, while commoners often had about a dozen. Their imagery falls into two broad cateogries: geometric and representational. The latter often refers to proverbs, which used judiciously, marked a wise person.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85890700"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.265-gold-weight-geometri", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.265-gold-weight-abrammuo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34, no. 37", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.265", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.265/1969.265_web.jpg", "width": "1000", "height": "893", "filesize": "491504", "filename": "1969.265_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.265/1969.265_print.jpg", "width": "2619", "height": "2338", "filesize": "3326740", "filename": "1969.265_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.265/1969.265_full.tif", "width": "2619", "height": "2338", "filesize": "18401932", "filename": "1969.265_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.265/1969.265_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "985", "height": "893", "filesize": "557703"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.265/1969.265_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2030", "height": "1840", "filesize": "2217163"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.265/1969.265_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2030", "height": "1840", "filesize": "11217296"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Georges D. Rodrigues", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144631, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Weight for Measuring Gold (mmramoo): Geometric"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:33.932000"}, {"id": 144926, "accession_number": "1970.131", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Li Taibo (\u674e\u592a\u767d), 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Amber; overall: 5.7 cm (2 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lois Clarke, 1970.131", "current_location": null, "title": "Li Taibo", "title_in_original_language": "\u674e\u592a\u767d", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "amber", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Stone", "measurements": "Overall: 5.7 cm (2 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.057}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Lois Clarke, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Li Bai was one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup, Tang dynasty scholars who enjoyed drinking alcohol.", "description": "This piece of ochre amber is carved in the round in the form of Li Bai \u674e\u767d (701\u2013762), also known as Li Taibai or Li Taibo, \u674e\u592a\u767d. He was a poet in the golden age of Chinese poetry. Around a thousand poems are attributed to him.
Li\u2019s eyes are closed, an arm wrapped around his wine jar, in a drunken sleep. Perched on his shoulder is a bat, considered a lucky symbol as the Chinese word for bat, \u8760 f\u00fa, is pronounced the same as \u201cgood fortune\u201d \u798f. Deer, like the one nestled behind Li, traditionally symbolize longevity and prosperity. These auspicious symbols create a bittersweet contrast with the legendary story that Li drowned while drunk when reaching to grasp the moon's reflection in the river.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922564"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.131-li-taibo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 140, p. 70", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152361."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.131", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.131/1970.131_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "827", "filesize": "210083", "filename": "1970.131_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.131/1970.131_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3124", "filesize": "1524642", 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1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Jade; overall: 16.2 cm (6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. John Lyon Collyer in memory of her mother, Mrs. G. M. G. Forman, 1970.145", "current_location": null, "title": "Wrist Rest", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "jade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Overall: 16.2 cm (6 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.162}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. John Lyon [Georgia Forman Elliott] Collyer [1898\u20131994], Akron, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Wrist rests were used to steady the hand while creating graceful brush strokes.", "description": "In China, access to political power was granted to those who passed the civil service examinations, a system that offered official service only at a high level of education. Chinese literati-officials, whose daily routine involved administrative work in an office, enjoyed precious objects on their writing desks that offered distraction and demonstrated good taste. By the Ming (1368\u20131644) and Qing (1644\u20131911) dynasties, these utensils of the literati studio also became collectibles and were treasured as artworks.
The front of this jade wrist rest is carved with a design of a pine tree, clouds, and a crane of immortality holding a branch of lingzhi fungus in its mouth. The raised rectangular boss on the back of the wrist rest is inscribed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922609"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.145-wrist-rest"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 58, no. 2 (February 1971): 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70, no. 148", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.145", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.145/1970.145_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "900", "filesize": "98573", "filename": "1970.145_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.145/1970.145_print.jpg", "width": "2286", "height": "3400", "filesize": "999846", "filename": "1970.145_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.145/1970.145_full.tif", "width": "4663", "height": "6934", "filesize": "97027236", "filename": "1970.145_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-11-07T11:35:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.145/1970.145_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "900", "filesize": "74920"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.145/1970.145_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "678928"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.145/1970.145_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5071", "height": "7163", "filesize": "108998032"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. John Lyon Collyer in memory of her mother, Mrs. G. M. G. Forman", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144946, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:30.142000"}, {"id": 148387, "accession_number": "1975.97.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cherry Blossoms in the Wind, late 1790s. Utagawa Toyokuni (Japanese, 1769\u20131825). Woodblock print, ink and color on paper; overall: 38.7 x 80 cm (15 1/4 x 31 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Jeptha H. Wade in honor of Emily V. Wade, 1975.97.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Cherry Blossoms in the Wind", "creation_date": "late 1790s", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "woodblock print, ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Overall: 38.7 x 80 cm (15 1/4 x 31 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.387, "width": 0.8}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's signature: Toyokuni ga.\nPublisher: Izumiya Ichibei (Senichi han).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 295386, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (March 27-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976: Year in Review 1975.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha H. Wade III [1924\u20132008], Massachusetts, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1975.97"], "did_you_know": "There is embossing on the flowers.", "description": "Highly regarded for his images of actors, Toyokuni was also known for his prints of beauties that demonstrate his brilliant skill in composition. This triptych depicts a joyful hanami (flower viewing) scene in spring. One woman stands on a huge wine bottle, while another one sits on a samurai\u2019s shoulder; in both scenes, the women are tying prayers or poems on tree branches. On the left, two servants protect a well-dressed lady from the wind. Their fluttering, long-sleeved kimonos capture the wind\u2019s movement. Standing in a triad, the three groups form a stable, harmonic composition against the cherry blossom background.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928785"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 63, no. 2 (February 1976): 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71, no. 163", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.97.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.97.a/1975.97.a_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "900", "filesize": "247044", "filename": "1975.97.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.97.a/1975.97.a_print.jpg", "width": "2262", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2670852", "filename": "1975.97.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.97.a/1975.97.a_full.tif", "width": "2655", "height": "3991", "filesize": "31820948", "filename": "1975.97.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Jeptha H. Wade in honor of Emily V. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148387, "creators": [{"id": 34752, "description": "Utagawa Toyokuni (Japanese, 1769\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6b4c\u5ddd \u8c4a\u56fd", "birth_year": "1769", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1790s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1975.97", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tying Poems to a Cherry Tree on a Windy Day"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:53.281000"}, {"id": 151508, "accession_number": "1983.64", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Covered Bowl, c. 1775. Niderviller Factory (French). Hard-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 9.1 x 8.4 cm (3 9/16 x 3 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1983.64", "current_location": null, "title": "Covered Bowl", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Hard-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 9.1 x 8.4 cm (3 9/16 x 3 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.091, "width": 0.084}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Inscribed at lower right corner of two trompe l'oeil prints]: \"Niderville\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Interlaced 'CC', in black]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309656, "title": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts", "description": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8, 1983-June 3, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Established in 1749, the Niderviller porcelain factory remained in operation following the 1789 French Revolution, though its owner, Adame Philippe, count of Custine, was executed in August of 1793.", "description": "This covered bowl is decorated with pieces of paper painted in trompe l\u2019oeil, an effect that gives two-dimensional surfaces the illusion of extending into three-dimensional space, on a faux bois, or fake wood, background. 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Millikin, 1989.330", "current_location": null, "title": "Miniature Garden Seat", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c0f\u578b\u8c61\u7259\u4eba\u7269\u7d0b\u7e61\u58a9", "creation_date": "late 1700s\u2013early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1825, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "ivory with pigments", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 4.4 x 3.8 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.044, "width": 0.038}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u8ca2\u5668", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong tribute vessel (Qianlong gong qi)", "inscription_remark": "The seal on the base was used on artworks designated to be given to the Qianlong emperor.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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[Muriel] Butkin [1916-2008], Shaker Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1991", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stopper is decorated with bats, which traditionally symbolize good luck, since both words (\u8760 and \u798f) are both pronounced as fu in Chinese.", "description": "Snuff bottles were introduced from Europe to China around the 1700s to hold portable snuff or medicine.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244770"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.126.b-snuff-bottle-with-eu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 80, no. 2, 1993, pp. 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79, no. 437", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.126.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "550", "filesize": "137512", "filename": "1991.126.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2076", "filesize": "743687", "filename": "1991.126.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_full.tif", "width": "4888", "height": "2985", "filesize": "43798856", "filename": "1991.126.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-09-17T15:10:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "784", "filesize": "159566"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2962", "filesize": "1008143"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "5227", "filesize": "94113464"}}, {"date_created": "2022-06-13T20:41:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "550", "filesize": "132252"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2078", "filesize": "670187"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1991.126.b/1991.126.b_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4888", "height": "2988", "filesize": "43842768"}}], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1996.296", "current_location": null, "title": "A Ruler Presents a Document to Visiting Nobles", "creation_date": "c. 1700\u20131720", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India, Deccan"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 22 x 32.7 cm (8 11/16 x 12 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.22, "width": 0.327}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 308686, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018. 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Dean Perry, 1997.111", "current_location": null, "title": "Snow Landscape", "title_in_original_language": "\u96ea\u4e2d\u5c71\u6c34\u56f3", "creation_date": "mid-1770s", "creation_date_earliest": 1773, "creation_date_latest": 1777, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 174.6 x 67.3 cm (68 3/4 x 26 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {}, "painting only": {"height": 1.746, "width": 0.673}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "One of the artist's seals reads: \"flung ink gives life to brush lines.\"", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "The Fragrance of Ink: Chinese and Japanese Paintings from the Collection of Mrs. A. 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Dean [Helen Wade Greene] Perry [1911\u20131996], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131997", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One of the artist's seals reads: \"flung ink gives life to brush lines.\"", "description": "In this painting, the mountains and sky glow with a hidden warmth from undertones in red as birds descend into the trees around a scholar\u2019s retreat. Yosa Buson is recognized in Japanese literary history as one of the country\u2019s greatest poets, but he was also an accomplished, self-taught painter. His style changed over the course of his career. Initially painting with precise brushwork, he gradually developed a freer style like the one he used in this snowscape.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477428"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.111-snow-landscape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Maezaki, Shinya and Sin\u00e9ad Vilbar. Colors of Kyoto: The Seif\u016b Yohei Ceramic Studio. 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Louis-Marin Bonnet (French, 1736\u20131793). Color pastel\u2013manner etching and engraving with applied gold leaf; image: 28.5 x 23.3 cm (11 1/4 x 9 3/16 in.); sheet: 32.2 x 25 cm (12 11/16 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt Endowment Fund, 2003.49", "current_location": null, "title": "The Woman Taking Coffee", "creation_date": "1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Color pastel\u2013manner etching and engraving with applied gold leaf", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Chalk Manner", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 28.5 x 23.3 cm (11 1/4 x 9 3/16 in.); Sheet: 32.2 x 25 cm (12 11/16 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.322, "width": 0.25}, "image": {"height": 0.285, "width": 0.233}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. 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To increase the works\u2019 appeal, the artist also developed a method for printing decorative frames by applying gold leaf. Hoping to evade strict governmental regulations on the uses of gold in France, he passed off his prints as English imports, which he sold at his store Au Magasin Anglois (At the English Shop). Bonnet\u2019s elaborate ruse included English titles, the address of a London printshop, and a pseudonym, L. Marin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79988381"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.49-the-woman-taking-cof"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Crespo, Hugo Miguel. A arte de coleccionar: Lisboa, a Europa e o mundo na e\u0301poca moderna (1500-1800) = The art of collecting : Lisbon, Europe and the early modern world (1500-1800). 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 326-327, fig. 3.", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Le Blanc 535; H\u00e9rold 294", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.49", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.49/2003.49_web.jpg", "width": "699", "height": "893", "filesize": "528640", "filename": "2003.49_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.49/2003.49_print.jpg", "width": "2662", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7666288", "filename": "2003.49_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.49/2003.49_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "5162", "filesize": "62626332", "filename": "2003.49_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.49/2003.49_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "893", "filesize": "527667"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.49/2003.49_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2621", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8092705"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.49/2003.49_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3854", "height": "5000", "filesize": "57830232"}}], "creditline": "Carole W. and Charles B. 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Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Tsonga-style or Zulu-style maker. Wood; overall: 116.8 cm (46 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.205", "current_location": null, "title": "Prestige Staff", "creation_date": "1800s\u20131900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Tsonga-style or Zulu-style maker"], "technique": "Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Overall: 116.8 cm (46 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.168}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197333, "title": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa", "description": "The Art of Daily Life: Portable Objects From Southeast Africa. 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Pg. 69, Fig. 5.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.205", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.205/2010.205_web.jpg", "width": "521", "height": "893", "filesize": "140118", "filename": "2010.205_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.205/2010.205_print.jpg", "width": "1985", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3072405", "filename": "2010.205_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.205/2010.205_full.tif", "width": "3500", "height": "5992", "filesize": "62940104", "filename": "2010.205_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-08-19T17:35:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "148087"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2116", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3263488"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3764", "height": "6046", "filesize": "68295756"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-19T18:18:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "671", "height": "893", "filesize": "175366"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2555", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4019486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4605", "height": "6127", "filesize": "84668996"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-19T18:25:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "550", "height": "893", "filesize": "154205"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2093", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3245583"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3841", "height": "6237", "filesize": "71893512"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-19T18:27:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "893", "filesize": "155088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2140", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3236692"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4135", "height": "6567", "filesize": "81488196"}}, {"date_created": "2010-08-19T18:39:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "534", "height": "893", "filesize": "146120"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2033", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3015421"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.205/2010.205_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3912", "height": "6541", "filesize": "76789560"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168426, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-09-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s\u20131900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:07.056000"}, {"id": 168479, "accession_number": "2010.231", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Necklace (amazipho), 1800s. Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Southeast Cape Region, Northern Nguni (Zulu)-style maker. Glass beads, bone, and sinew; overall: 38.1 cm (15 in.). 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Lion-claw necklaces were the exclusive property of royalty while the bone imitations were owned and worn by high-ranking individuals of lesser status. Large red glass beads were also reserved for the Nguni elite in the period before the destruction of the Zulu kingdom in 1879.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779632"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.231-necklace-amazipho"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie's. \"Arts d'Afrique. Collection de Madame Van den Abbeele,\" Paris, June 12, 2003, lot 121; Pemberton, John, III. African Beaded Art: Power and Adornment, exh. cat. 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Samuel Atkins (British, 1760\u20131810). Watercolor with graphite underdrawing; sheet: 34.4 x 48.4 cm (13 9/16 x 19 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lowell Libson in honor of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred M. Rankin Jr., 2011.411", "current_location": null, "title": "The Fleet Off the Coast, Beachy Head", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131805", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor with graphite underdrawing", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 34.4 x 48.4 cm (13 9/16 x 19 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.344, "width": 0.484}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, at lower left, in brown ink: Atkins", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . 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A covered box on the carpet contains aromatic betel nut packets for pleasurable chewing. He has removed his shoes, which are left on the marble step.
A princess pours liquor from a golden bottle into a tiny blue-and-white ceramic cup. The pair\u2019s royal status is indicated by the attendants who hold the white cloth and peacock-feather whisks. Two other women bring jewels and a vial of perfume to be inspected and discussed by the royal connoisseurs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482003"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.335.a-a-prince-conversing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; miniature: 25.4 x 19.7 cm (10 x 7 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. 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Asian Civilizations Museum, Singapore (May 3-September 23, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-05-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Olsen Collection, Bridgeport, CT, sold to Ralph Benkaim", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950s-September 1966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 1966-2013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rolled-up textiles could be let down to enclose the space of an open pavilion.", "description": "Before a terrace pavilion in the women\u2019s quarters of a palace, a royal woman stretches to show off her figure in accordance with age-old Indian poetic imagery. Female musicians provide entertainment, and attendants hold bottles of wine at the ready. Scenes of enjoyment in sumptuous domestic spaces pervaded the artistic repertoire of the imperial court and regional centers of northern India throughout the late 1700s, following the themes set by the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482140"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.341-a-princess-on-a-terr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Eastern India, Odisha (formerly Orissa). Gum tempera and lampblack on palm leaf; leaf: 5.1 x 41 cm (2 x 16 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.175", "current_location": null, "title": "A Prince Performs Austerities (recto); Shiva and His Followers Return to Mount Kailash (verso), from a Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (1670\u20131740)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Eastern India, Odisha (formerly Orissa)"], "technique": "gum tempera and lampblack on palm leaf", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Leaf: 5.1 x 41 cm (2 x 16 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"leaf": {"height": 0.051, "width": 0.41}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "kailasakandara", "inscription_translation": "A cave in Kailasa", "inscription_remark": "On the verso, next to the mountain", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "1", "inscription_translation": "Page one", "inscription_remark": "The number is in the left margin. A number 4 has been scrtched out above the number one; either way this was an early folio in the manuscript, either the first or the fourth.", "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "e pancagni gartta acchi", "inscription_translation": "This is the five fire pit.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "e raj\u0101pua tapas\u0101 kari\nsivap\u016bj\u0101 kari acchi", "inscription_translation": "The prince, having performed austerities, worships Shiva.", "inscription_remark": "on the recto", "sortorder": 4}, {"inscription": "agni jalum accchi", "inscription_translation": "Fire is blazing.", "inscription_remark": "On the recto, at the top, right, incised in Oriya", "sortorder": 5}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "There is a three-legged yogi on the verso.", "description": "In this illustration from the beginning of a popular romance, a prince performed intense austerities and devotions to the Shiva linga in order to obtain a divine woman. He practices yoga surrounded by fires during the hot season and wanders unsheltered during monsoon, as seen on the recto. On the verso, Shiva has answered his prayers and returns home to his \"cave on Mount Kailash,\" as stated in the inscription.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483295"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.175-a-prince-performs-au"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie. \u201cA Page from Supernatural Love: Collaboration often leads to unanticipated discoveries.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 4 (July/August 2019): 12.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-04/page/n5/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.175", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.175/2018.175_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "238", "filesize": "201702", "filename": "2018.175_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.175/2018.175_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "899", "filesize": "1436663", "filename": "2018.175_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.175/2018.175_full.tif", "width": "8688", "height": "2296", "filesize": "59879508", "filename": "2018.175_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T15:04:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.175/2018.175_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "124", "filesize": "74285"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.175/2018.175_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "468", "filesize": "583233"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.175/2018.175_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8688", "height": "1197", "filesize": "31233876"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-25T15:01:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.175/2018.175_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "114", "filesize": "79581"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.175/2018.175_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "430", "filesize": "628813"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.175/2018.175_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8688", "height": "1099", "filesize": "28679660"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314480, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Double sided painting on palm leaf from an unidentified Saiva manuscript", "Yogis, from a Shaiva Manuscript", "Prince Prabhakar Performing Austerites and Worshipping the Shiva Linga, from a Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (Indian, died 1740)", "Leaf from a Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (Indian, died 1740)", "Shiva and His Followers Approach Mount Kailash, from a Romance of Chandrabhanu and Lavanyavati of Upendra Bhanja (Indian, died 1740)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:27.975000"}, {"id": 94849, "accession_number": "1915.410", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sleeveless garment (\u7af9\u8863), 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Bamboo beads strung together in diamond and hexagon patterns; edges in plain weave cotton; overall: 56.5 x 56.5 cm (22 1/4 x 22 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Educational Purchase Fund, 1915.410", "current_location": null, "title": "Sleeveless garment", "title_in_original_language": "\u7af9\u8863", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Bamboo beads strung together in diamond and hexagon patterns; edges in plain weave cotton", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Overall: 56.5 x 56.5 cm (22 1/4 x 22 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.565, "width": 0.565}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mr. Walter C. Hill, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131915", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "According to Nhat Quyen Nguyen, CMA graduate intern in textile conservation, this garment is made of at least 3,490 cut bamboo pieces.", "description": "This loose-fitting bamboo vest is a summer undershirt, made of an estimated 3,490 fine bamboo tubes. The overall structure of the vest is held together with cotton thread. Such vests were worn under an outer garment to allow the air to circulate and protect the outer garment from soilage, especially in the hot and humid climate of southern China. Textual evidence indicates that officials during the 1500s in Jiangnan wore bamboo vests from Jiangsu province, one of the production centers.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79521422"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.410-sleeveless-garment"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Garrett, Valery M. Chinese Clothing: An Illustrated Guide. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 80", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garrett, Valery M. Chinese Dress: From the Qing Dynasty to the Present Day. 2019.", "page_number": "p.87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 328, no. 166", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Compass: Common Thread, Summer Pursuits\u201c HALI; the International Journal of Oriental Carpets and Textiles. Issue 220 Summer 2024.", "page_number": "p. 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.410", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.410/1915.410_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "900", "filesize": "395611", "filename": "1915.410_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.410/1915.410_print.jpg", "width": "2984", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3240178", "filename": "1915.410_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.410/1915.410_full.tif", "width": "8599", "height": "9799", "filesize": "252817200", "filename": "1915.410_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-03-07T20:56:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "799", "height": "893", "filesize": "668604"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3044", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8967781"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3824", "height": "4271", "filesize": "49032764"}}, {"date_created": "2022-12-13T12:13:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "900", "filesize": "344233"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2984", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2562245"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8599", "height": "9799", "filesize": "252822432"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "900", "filesize": "387076"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2984", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3196762"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1915.410/1915.410_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8599", "height": "9799", "filesize": "252816692"}}], "creditline": "Educational Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 94849, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vest"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:30.298000"}, {"id": 95575, "accession_number": "1916.1297", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tent Wall Panel(?), 1800s. Iran, Rasht, Qajar period (1779-1925). Wool: inlaid work; silk: embroidery, chain stitch; overall: 194.9 x 132.7 cm (76 3/4 x 52 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1297", "current_location": null, "title": "Tent Wall Panel(?)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Rasht, Qajar period (1779-1925)"], "technique": "Wool: inlaid work; silk: embroidery, chain stitch", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 194.9 x 132.7 cm (76 3/4 x 52 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.949, "width": 1.327}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 381170, "title": "Floral Delight: Textiles from Islamic Lands", "description": "Floral Delight: Textiles from Islamic Lands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 9, 2014-May 4, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857-1926] and Ellen Garretson Wade [1859-1917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Generally, Rasht work was made by men. Boys handled the delicate embroidering while older men designed cartoons and punched the wool designs.", "description": "Elaborate arched panels with multiple borders similar to this textile formed the mosaic-like interior walls of imperial tents. Here, the field is dominated by a richly decorated cypress tree above peacocks and dragon heads on an ornate foliate ground. We look upon the gardenscape through a niche (mihrab) formed by this foliage. Bright white silk \u201cpearl\u201d outlines, vines, and ringlets in chain-stitch embroidery enliven the pattern on contrasting colors of fulled wool. Internationally fashionable botehs, or paisleys, decorate the outer red borders.This technique has been referred to by many different names including: Rasht work, Resht work, Rashti-duzi, Rachti-douzi, embroidery applique, mosaic embroidery, piecework, patchwork, embroidery brocade, and inlaid patchwork. Many of these terms are to various degrees inaccurate descriptions of this technique. Perhaps the most practical term is Rasht work, named for the town in Iran where the technique was popularized. It begins as a ground of felted plain weave wool. Desired shapes are then punched out of the ground with a metal die and hammer. The same is done with wool of an alternating color. The edges of the different cut pieces are then embroidered together into various designs using a silk chain stitch (golab-duzi). Although this piecework technique was recorded in Iran in the 1670s, most examples survive from the 19th century, when foreigners praised them as \u201creally [the] most beautiful embroidery.\u201d The technique appears in furnishing fabrics, and horse covers, as well as imperial portraits, including one depicting the Qajar monarch Fath \u2018Ali Shah, who ruled in 1797\u20131837. Sometime after leaving the workshop this panel experienced moth damage; small patches can be seen throughout.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79477318"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1297-tent-wall-panel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gluck, Jay, and Sumi Hiramoto Gluck. A Survey of Persian Handicraft: A Pictorial Introduction to the Contemporary Folk Arts and Art Crafts of Modern Iran. Tehran: Published under the auspices of the Bank Melli Iran [by] Survey of Persian Art, 1977.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nashat, Guity. \"From Bazaar to Market: Foreign Trade and Economic Development in Nineteenth-Century Iran,\" Iranian Studies 14, no.1/2 (1981); 53-85.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4310353"}, {"citation": "Wearden, Jennifer Mary, and Patricia L. Baker. Iranian Textiles. London: V & A Pub, 2010.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"The Shah's Tent.\" HALI; the international journal of Oriental carpets and textiles 185 (Autumn 2015): 94-95.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1297", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1297/1916.1297_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "900", "filesize": "366851", "filename": "1916.1297_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1297/1916.1297_print.jpg", "width": "2383", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4003402", "filename": "1916.1297_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1297/1916.1297_full.tif", "width": "5292", "height": "7551", "filesize": "119915236", "filename": "1916.1297_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-03-23T19:08:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": 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H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95575, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Prayer Rug"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:00.912000"}, {"id": 119221, "accession_number": "1940.14.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Candelabrum, 1757\u20131758. Fran\u00e7ois Thomas Germain (French, 1726\u20131791). Silver; diameter: 19.9 cm (7 13/16 in.); overall: 38.1 x 24.5 cm (15 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.14.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Candelabrum", "creation_date": "1757\u20131758", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1758, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 19.9 cm (7 13/16 in.); Overall: 38.1 x 24.5 cm (15 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.199}, "overall": {"height": 0.381, "width": 0.245}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Francois-Thomas Germain, beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark of Eloy Brichard, 1756\u22121762, beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark For Paris, 1757\u22121758, beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark for work intended for export, 1756\u22121775, beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark for work intended for export, 1756\u22121775, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Hallmarks for Saint Petersburg, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Assay mark of Ivan Frolov, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Russian standard of the French silver, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Francois-Thomas Germain, master silversmith on October 16, 1748, beneath drip pan of each three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge Mark Of Eloy Brichard, 1756\u22121762, beneath drip pan of each three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark for work intended for export, probably 1733\u22121775, beneath drip pan of each three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1757-1758, beneath drip pan of each three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Russian standard of the French silver, beneath drip pan of one of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Assay mark of Ivan Frolov, beneath drip pan of one of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark for large work of Eloy Brichard, 1756\u22121762, on bayonet attachment of candelabra]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1757-1758, on bayonet attachment of candelabra]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Illegible mark in a square, on one bobeche]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved beneath base]: \u201cFait. Par. F. T. Germain. Sculp[teu]r. Orf[ev]re. Du Roy. Aux. Galleries. Du Louvre. A Paris- 1758\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved beneath base]: \"Du no. 31\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Beneath base]:\"No 463\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Russian Imperial Coat-of-arms, engraved beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Modern inscription with black ink, beneath base]: \"L5 ... 51/w-8\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Modern inscription (illegible) in a rectangular paper label on the base, engraved. Cipher composed with two \u201cM\u201d\u2019s (?) surmounted by a royal crown]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved on candelabra bayonet attachment]: \"No 463\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On candelabra bayonet attachment]: \"du No 31\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Engraved cipher with two \"M\"s (?) surmounted by a royal crown, on one bobeche]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355295, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: \"Rococo Style in Various Arts", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: \"Rococo Style in Various Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 30, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "made for the Russian Court in the 1750s. (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["147.1940", "1940.14"], "did_you_know": "These candelabra are part of a dinner service sent from Paris, France to Saint-Petersburg, Russia in two separate shipments, the first of which contained 270 objects for 8 dozen place settings.", "description": "This candelabrum is part of a pair. Its design blurs the line between function and decoration. The arms twist and curve, visually flower stems while physically supporting the candles. 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Wade Fund, 1940.14.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Candelabrum", "creation_date": "1757\u201358", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1758, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 19.9 cm (7 13/16 in.); Overall: 38.1 x 24.5 cm (15 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.199}, "overall": {"height": 0.381, "width": 0.245}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Charge mark of Eloy Brichard , 1756\u22121762, beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1757-1758, beneath base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark for work intended for export, 1756\u22121775, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Hallmarks for Saint Petersburg, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Assayer mark of Ivan Frolov, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Russian standard of the French silver, on base]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Francois-Thomas Germain, master silversmith on October 16, 1748, beneath drip pan one each of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark Of Eloy Brichard, 1756\u22121762, beneath drip pan one each of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark for work intended for export, 1733 (?)\u22121775, beneath drip pan one each of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1757\u22121758, beneath drip pan one each of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Assayer mark of Ivan Frolov, beneath drip pan of one of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Russian standard of French silver, beneath drip pan of one of three bobeches]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark for large work of Eloy Brichard, 1756\u22121762, on candelabra bayonet attachment]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark for work intended for export, on candelabra bayonet attachment]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Beneath base]: \u201cFait. Par. F. T. Germain. Sculp[teu]r. Orf[ev]re. Du Roy. Aux. Galleries. Du Louvre. 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Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; image: 13 x 9 cm (5 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.); overall: 20.7 x 15.2 cm (8 1/8 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1973.104", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal lovers watching rain clouds: The month of Bhadon, from a Barahmasa", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 13 x 9 cm (5 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.); Overall: 20.7 x 15.2 cm (8 1/8 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.13, "width": 0.09}, "overall": {"height": 0.207, "width": 0.152}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The oval format became popular after the 1760s with the expansion of British presence in India.", "description": "Barahmasa means Twelve Months, and this painting came from a series that depicts scenes associated with each month of the Hindu calendar. Bhadon corresponds to a month straddling August and September. It is the middle of the monsoon season when rivers are swollen and continual rainstorms prevent travel and warfare. For this reason, men remain at home, and Bhadon is famed as a month for lovemaking.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472405"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.104-krishna-and-radha-wa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 2 (February 1974): 31\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 183, pp. 60 and 79; Reproduced: no. 183, p. 61", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n330"}, {"citation": "Leach, Linda York. Indian Miniature Paintings and Drawings. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rajamani, Imke, Margrit Pernau, and Katherine Butler Schofield. Monsoon Feelings: A History of Emotions in the Rain. New Delhi, India: Niyogi Books, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, and dust jacket", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.104", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.104/1973.104_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "900", "filesize": "230873", "filename": "1973.104_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.104/1973.104_print.jpg", "width": "2136", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2452423", "filename": "1973.104_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.104/1973.104_full.tif", "width": "4238", "height": "6747", "filesize": "85814668", "filename": "1973.104_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147144, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-08-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Krishna and Radha Watching Rain Clouds: Rainy Season from the Baramasa series", "Krishna and Radha Watching Rain Clouds: The Month of Bhadon from Baramasa series"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:32:26.238000"}, {"id": 153400, "accession_number": "1986.84", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea bowl (\uc0ac\uae30\ub2e4\uc644 (\u6c99\u5668\u8336\u7897)), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Glazed stoneware; diameter of mouth: 13.7 cm (5 3/8 in.); overall: 11 cm (4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1986.84", "current_location": null, "title": "Tea bowl", "title_in_original_language": "\uc0ac\uae30\ub2e4\uc644 (\u6c99\u5668\u8336\u7897)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "glazed stoneware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 13.7 cm (5 3/8 in.); Overall: 11 cm (4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.137}, "overall": {"height": 0.11}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert W. Moore, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Pinholes in the light pinkish glaze were intended to resemble \"fawn spots.\"", "description": "Possibly produced in one of the kilns established by the trading office (Waegwan) in Busan, southern Gyeongsang province, this type of bowl with an elongated foot was exported to Japan and circulated as an item of foreign luxury among Japanese tea ware collectors. Pinholes in the light pinkish glaze were intended to resemble \"fawn spots.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939327"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.84-tea-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jeong, Dong-ju. From Joseon Rice Bowl to Yido Tea Bowl [\uc870\uc120 \ub9c9\uc0ac\ubc1c\uacfc \uc774\ub3c4\ub2e4\uc644]. Paju: Hangil ateu, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hur, Nam-lin. \u201cKorean Tea Bowls (K\u014drai Chawan) and Japanese Wabicha: A Story of Acculturation in Premodern Northeast Asia.\u201d Korean Studies 39 (2015): 1\u201322.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/44509616"}, {"citation": "Kang, Mu-Chang. \"A Study on the Characteristics of Japanese Made-to-Order Ceramics and the Transition Process of Busan Waegwanyo Kiln - With a focus on Commissioned Tea Bowls [\uc77c\ubcf8 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub3c4\uc790\uae30\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uacfc \ubd80\uc0b0 \uc65c\uad00\uc694 \ubcc0\ucc9c\uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c - \uc8fc\ubb38\ub2e4\uc644(\u5fa1\u672c\u8336\u7897)\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c].\" Hankuk dojahak yeongu 17, no. 3 (2020): 5-19.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE10701417"}, {"citation": "Heo, Hyun-Jung. \"Resource Supply and Demand of Waegwanyo in the Late Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120\ud6c4\uae30 \uc65c\uad00\uc694\uc758 \uc790\uc6d0 \uc218\uae09].\" Hangdo busan no. 39 (2020): 205-239.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE10739750"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.84", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.84/1986.84_web.jpg", "width": "1041", "height": "893", "filesize": "62338", "filename": "1986.84_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.84/1986.84_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2916", "filesize": "639622", "filename": "1986.84_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.84/1986.84_full.tif", "width": "4484", "height": "3847", "filesize": "51778068", "filename": "1986.84_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-04-19T15:39:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1043", "height": "893", "filesize": "70626"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2911", "filesize": "716965"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3933", "height": "3368", "filesize": "39770036"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-19T15:31:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1020", "height": "893", "filesize": "85119"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2978", "filesize": "839713"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4111", "height": "3601", "filesize": "44439444"}}, {"date_created": "2012-04-19T15:23:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "961", "height": "893", "filesize": "72968"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3159", "filesize": "689387"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.84/1986.84_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3350", "height": "3113", "filesize": "31312532"}}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153400, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:40.373000"}, {"id": 331583, "accession_number": "2020.87", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "General Guo Ziyi\u2019s Birthday Banquet (\uacfd\ubd84\uc591\ud589\ub77d\ub3c4[\u90ed\u6c7e\u967d\u884c\u6a02\u5716]), early or mid-1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Eight-panel folding screen, embroidery on silk; painting: 60.9 x 30 cm (24 x 11 13/16 in.); overall framed: 195.2 x 332.4 cm (76 7/8 x 130 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, gift of the honorable Joseph P. Carroll, KM, and Roberta Carroll, M.D., in recognition of the contribution of Marjorie Williams to the development of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2020.87", "current_location": null, "title": "General Guo Ziyi\u2019s Birthday Banquet", "title_in_original_language": "\uacfd\ubd84\uc591\ud589\ub77d\ub3c4[\u90ed\u6c7e\u967d\u884c\u6a02\u5716]", "creation_date": "early or mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1866, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Eight-panel folding screen, embroidery on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Painting: 60.9 x 30 cm (24 x 11 13/16 in.); Overall framed: 195.2 x 332.4 cm (76 7/8 x 130 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.609, "width": 0.3}, "overall": {"height": 1.908, "width": 3.28}, "overall framed": {"height": 1.952, "width": 3.324}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 439071, "title": "Popular Art from Early Modern Korea", "description": "Popular Art from Early Modern Korea. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29, 2021-April 17, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-10-29T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, NY, 21 September 2000, lot 442, sold to Joseph Carroll)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 21, 2000", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta L. Carroll, MD, New York City, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2000\u20132020", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["6.2019"], "did_you_know": "This folding screen is highly likely to have been created by an amateur woman embroiderer.", "description": "The subject of this folding screen is a banquet in honor of Guo Ziyi (697\u2013781), who is considered one of the greatest generals in Chinese history. He had a long and successful military career as well as a blissful family life. Thus, his image surrounded by his numerous family members symbolize the paragon of success and happiness. Using a wide spectrum of colorful silk threads, the artist colorfully depicts Guo enjoying his full-fledged retirement life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117237389"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.87-general-guo-ziyis-bi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's, New York. Japanese and Korean Works of Art. 21 September 2000. Lot 442.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Hong-nam. \"A Study of Painting of Guo Fenyang\u2019s Enjoyment-of-Life in Korea [\ud55c\uad6d \u3008\u90ed\u6c7e\u967d\u884c\u6a02\u5716\u3009 \uc5f0\uad6c].\" Misulsa nondan (2012): 67\u2013104.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01909571"}, {"citation": "Beyond Folding Screens [\uc870\uc120, \ubcd1\ud48d\uc758 \ub098\ub77c]. Seoul: Amorepacific Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 352\u2013353, no. 005", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.87", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.87/2020.87_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "206", "filesize": "89505", "filename": "2020.87_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.87/2020.87_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "777", "filesize": "850048", "filename": "2020.87_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.87/2020.87_full.tif", "width": "26039", "height": "5949", "filesize": "464746788", "filename": "2020.87_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-02-05T16:06:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "526", "filesize": "124725"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1987", "filesize": "1572248"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13657", "height": "7980", "filesize": "326978032"}}, {"date_created": "2019-02-05T08:34:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "793", "filesize": "265121"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2995", "filesize": "3730902"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6083", "height": "5358", "filesize": "97810820"}}, {"date_created": "2019-02-05T08:39:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "774", "filesize": "257563"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2923", "filesize": "3625463"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5926", "height": "5095", "filesize": "90611940"}}, {"date_created": "2019-02-05T08:44:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "772", "filesize": "266490"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2915", "filesize": "3695834"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5993", "height": "5138", "filesize": "92409004"}}, {"date_created": "2019-02-05T08:50:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "784", "filesize": "261454"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2960", "filesize": "3675213"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.87/2020.87_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5953", "height": "5182", "filesize": "92577936"}}], "creditline": "gift of the honorable Joseph P. Carroll, KM, and Roberta Carroll, M.D., in recognition of the contribution of Marjorie Williams to the development of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 331583, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early or mid-1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["General Guo Zi-yi\u2019s Birthday Banquet"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 20:01:17.392000"}, {"id": 536593, "accession_number": "2023.19.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Suite of the Most Notable Things Seen by John Wilkins Erudite English Bishop during His Famous Voyage from the Earth to the Moon \u2026 dedicated to Sir William Hamilton ambassador to the Court of Naples: Pumpkins Used as Dwellings to Be Secure against Wild Beasts, about 1769. Filippo Morghen (Italian, 1730\u2013after 1807), possibly after Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Ho\u00fcel (French, 1735\u20131813). Etching; image and plate: 28 x 38.7 cm (11 x 15 1/4 in.); sheet: 42 x 53.3 cm (16 9/16 x 21 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchased with funds from the Estate of Muriel Butkin, 2023.19.8", "current_location": null, "title": "Pumpkins Used as Dwellings to Be Secure against Wild Beasts", "series": "Suite of the Most Notable Things Seen by John Wilkins Erudite English Bishop during His Famous Voyage from the Earth to the Moon \u2026 dedicated to Sir William Hamilton ambassador to the Court of Naples", "creation_date": "about 1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "etching", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image and Plate: 28 x 38.7 cm (11 x 15 1/4 in.); Sheet: 42 x 53.3 cm (16 9/16 x 21 in.)", "dimensions": {"image and plate": {"height": 0.28, "width": 0.387}, "sheet": {"height": 0.42, "width": 0.533}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "with Benjamin Spademan Rare Books, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132022", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hill-Stone, Inc., South Dartmouth, MA, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2022\u201323", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 6, 2023\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Morghen based this print series on three books dedicated to moon exploration, including Bishop Francis Godwin\u2019s The Man in the Moone (1640).", "description": "Filippo Morghen\u2019s set of 10 etchings is outstanding among visual narratives of imaginary voyages to the moon, both visual and literary, that intrigued 18th-century European audiences. A title page and nine plates depict the imagined lives and economy of moon dwellers. These include modes of transport such as large birds and sailboats propelled by giant bellows, enormous scissors for capturing wild beasts (including an oversized rat), and the use of giant pumpkins as fishing boats and as dwellings. Representations of the moon dwellers are based on inaccurate and imaginary European interpretations of Asian, Ottoman, and Native American cultures\u2014called chinoiserie and turquerie\u2014that permeated the decorative and visual arts of the period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118144882"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.19.8-pumpkins-used-as-dwe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "McColley, Grant, \u201cThe Three Editions of Filippo Morghen\u2019s Raccolta,\u201d The Art Bulletin (Mar., 1937).", "page_number": "Vol. 19, No. 1: pp. 112-118.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Ian and Kim Sloan. Vases and Volcanoes. Sir William Hamilton and His Collection. London: British Museum Press, 1996.", "page_number": "cat. 41, p. 163.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guthke, S. Karl, \u201cNightmare and Utopia: Extraterrestrial Worlds from Galileo to Goethe,\u201d Early Science and Medicine 2003.", "page_number": "Vol. 8, No. 3: pp. 173-195, see p. 192-193.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kruse, Jillian. \"Imagination in the Age of Reason: Paintings and drawings showcase imagination's power.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 65, no. 3 (2024): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.19.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.19.8/2023.19.8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "673", "filesize": "352566", "filename": "2023.19.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.19.8/2023.19.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2544", "filesize": "4707078", "filename": "2023.19.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.19.8/2023.19.8_full.tif", "width": "8976", "height": "6716", "filesize": "180881244", "filename": "2023.19.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-02-14T15:12:09", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.19.8/2023.19.8_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "673", "filesize": "422445"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.19.8/2023.19.8_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2544", "filesize": "6055984"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.19.8/2023.19.8_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8976", "height": "6716", "filesize": "180881292"}}], "creditline": "Purchased with funds from the Estate of Muriel Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 536593, "creators": [{"id": 402915, "description": "Filippo Morghen (Italian, 1730\u2013after 1807)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian draftsman and printmaker, 1730-after 1807", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1807", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 57560, "description": "Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Ho\u00fcel (French, 1735\u20131813)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "possibly after", "role": null, "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1735", "death_year": "1813", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-03-06T05:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "about 1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2023.19", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:03.344000"}, {"id": 145422, "accession_number": "1970.71.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums (\u5b50\u72ac\u306b\u96c0\u3001\u83ca\u56f3), c. 1792\u201394. Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799). Fusuma panel remounted as a hanging scroll; ink and slight color on paper; overall: 211.4 x 94 cm (83 1/4 x 37 in.); painted surface: 167.6 x 91.5 cm (66 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.71.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums", "title_in_original_language": "\u5b50\u72ac\u306b\u96c0\u3001\u83ca\u56f3", "creation_date": "c. 1792\u201394", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Fusuma panel remounted as a hanging scroll; ink and slight color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 211.4 x 94 cm (83 1/4 x 37 in.); Painted surface: 167.6 x 91.5 cm (66 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.114, "width": 0.94}, "painted surface": {"height": 1.676, "width": 0.915}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 236). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 24, 2013-July 21, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-24T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Setsu Gatodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1970.72"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "These paintings were originally mounted as sliding doors (fusuma) used inside a building. The circular areas on the paintings\u2019 paper surfaces are traces of the former positions of the door pulls (hikite). A flock of sparrows gathers on a trellis supporting flowering chrysanthemum. Below is a litter of puppies, some cavorting, others napping. The tender story created by the curious puppy peering up and tilting its head to listen to the bird\u2019s insistent call (in the leftmost part of the composition) is characteristic of Nagasawa Rosetsu\u2019s paintings, which often use animals to illustrate the human condition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471102"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.71.2-puppies-sparrows-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 127, p. 69", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 385", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n405"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.71.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_web.jpg", "width": "493", "height": "900", "filesize": "130159", "filename": "1970.71.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_print.jpg", "width": "1864", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1247211", "filename": "1970.71.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_full.tif", "width": "4352", "height": "7937", "filesize": "103655244", "filename": "1970.71.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "465", "height": "900", "filesize": "61700"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1059", "height": "2048", "filesize": "347758"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1059", "height": "2048", "filesize": "358880"}}, {"date_created": "2015-02-17T09:02:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "422", "height": "900", "filesize": "106701"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1595", "height": "3400", "filesize": "988907"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3685", "height": "7853", "filesize": "86844400"}}, {"date_created": "2015-02-17T09:29:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "794", "height": "900", "filesize": "219668"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3001", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2240298"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.2/1970.71.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5454", "height": "6179", "filesize": "101133676"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145422, "creators": [{"id": 20337, "description": "Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9577\u6fa4\u8606\u96ea", "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1792\u201394", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1970.71", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:10.747000"}, {"id": 95796, "accession_number": "1916.1484", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c.1770\u201380. France, 18th century. Steel; chiseled relief decoration; blade engraved; wire grip; overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); blade: 79.2 cm (31 3/16 in.); grip: 13.8 cm (5 7/16 in.); guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1484", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c.1770\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "steel; chiseled relief decoration; blade engraved; wire grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 97 cm (38 3/16 in.); Blade: 79.2 cm (31 3/16 in.); Grip: 13.8 cm (5 7/16 in.); Guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.97}, "blade": {"length": 0.792}, "grip": {"length": 0.138}, "guard": {"width": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #495.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60777974"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1484-small-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 132-133, E104; Reproduced: Plate XXXIII, E104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n199"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1484", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1484/1916.1484_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1484_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1484/1916.1484_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1484_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1484/1916.1484_full.tif", "width": "3501", "height": "4451", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1484_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1484/1916.1484_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "255466"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1484/1916.1484_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1953", "filesize": "1568744"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1484/1916.1484_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1953", "filesize": "9002732"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95796, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1770\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:31.990000"}, {"id": 95806, "accession_number": "1916.1494", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Small Sword, c. 1730. Italy, 18th century. Steel, iron, copper wire, wood; overall: 95.2 cm (37 1/2 in.); blade: 78.8 cm (31 in.); guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1494", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Small Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "steel, iron, copper wire, wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 95.2 cm (37 1/2 in.); Blade: 78.8 cm (31 in.); Guard: 7.6 cm (3 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.952}, "blade": {"length": 0.788}, "guard": {"width": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "AMOR VINCIT OMNIA", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat. #492.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "During the 1700s, the small-sword emerged as a light, quick weapon. Like the rapier it was carried by unarmored civilians, the noblemen of the upper classes. Over time this delicate sword became more an accessory of male attire than a weapon essential to life and death. The sword hilt, which shows even when the blade is sheathed, became the ground for elaborate decoration. These small-swords thus represent the final stage in the evolution of the sword, from the edged weapons of antiquity to the elegantly refined blades of the 1700s and 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780095"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131, E101", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n198"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1494", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1494/1916.1494_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1494_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1494/1916.1494_print.jpg", "width": "2707", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1494_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1494/1916.1494_full.tif", "width": "3540", "height": "4447", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1494_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1494/1916.1494_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "279523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1494/1916.1494_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1930", "filesize": "489976"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.1494/1916.1494_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1930", "filesize": "8896708"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 95806, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:23.383000"}, {"id": 99044, "accession_number": "1918.66", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Powder Flask, late 1700s\u2013early 1800s. Spain, late 18th-early 19th century. Cowhorn, incised; diameter: 8.8 cm (3 7/16 in.); overall: 26.4 cm (10 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1918.66", "current_location": "210C Firearms", "title": "Powder Flask", "creation_date": "late 1700s\u2013early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1825, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Spain, late 18th-early 19th century"], "technique": "cowhorn, incised", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Diameter: 8.8 cm (3 7/16 in.); Overall: 26.4 cm (10 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.088}, "overall": {"length": 0.264}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Schott and O'Shaughnessy sale (1918); cat. #733.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Powder flasks are small, portable containers designed to hold gunpowder. From the 1400s to the 1800s, powder flasks were indispensable for charging and priming firearms of all types. Without powder flasks firearms were of little use to their owners. Many highly decorated flasks rank as works of art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779059"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.66-powder-flask"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159, F52; Reproduced: Plate XXXVI, F52", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n233"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.66", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.66/1918.66_web.jpg", "width": "733", "height": "900", "filesize": "220672", "filename": "1918.66_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.66/1918.66_print.jpg", "width": "2768", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1772867", "filename": "1918.66_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.66/1918.66_full.tif", "width": "3683", "height": "4524", "filesize": "50010804", "filename": "1918.66_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-22T18:48:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.66/1918.66_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "371583"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.66/1918.66_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2768", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5567964"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.66/1918.66_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3683", "height": "4524", "filesize": "50006908"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 99044, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s\u2013early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Powder Horn"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:09.418000"}, {"id": 104703, "accession_number": "1923.1061", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hilt from a Court Sword, c. 1790\u20131800. England, late 18th Century. Polished steel, pierced and inset with faceted steel beads; overall: 18.4 cm (7 1/4 in.); guard: 9.7 cm (3 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1923.1061", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Hilt from a Court Sword", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, late 18th Century"], "technique": "polished steel, pierced and inset with faceted steel beads", "support_materials": [{"description": "cut and polished", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 18.4 cm (7 1/4 in.); Guard: 9.7 cm (3 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.184}, "guard": {"width": 0.097}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "Armor Court Reinstallation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/10/1998); \"Armor Court Reinstallation\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston; cat.#101.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The entire hilt is made of polished steel, with faceted steel beads of different sizes arranged in rows and rosettes to give the impression of a \"jeweled\" hilt. This was an object of great luxury to be worn only with a gentleman's formal attire at court.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79514844"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1923.1061-hilt-from-a-court-sw"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms & Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139, E125", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n207"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1923.1061", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1061/1923.1061_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "179765", "filename": "1923.1061_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1061/1923.1061_print.jpg", "width": "2488", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1755181", "filename": "1923.1061_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1061/1923.1061_full.tif", "width": "3484", "height": "4762", "filesize": "49796936", "filename": "1923.1061_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1923.1061/1923.1061_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "321279"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1923.1061/1923.1061_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1498", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1890637"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1923.1061/1923.1061_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1498", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9207172"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 104703, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1923-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:35.633000"}, {"id": 129358, "accession_number": "1952.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figural Group: Musicians, c. 1737. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710), Johann Joachim K\u00e4ndler (German, 1706\u20131768). Porcelain; overall: 20 x 29.2 x 16.7 cm (7 7/8 x 11 1/2 x 6 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., 1952.2", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figural Group: Musicians", "creation_date": "c. 1737", "creation_date_earliest": 1732, "creation_date_latest": 1742, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 20 x 29.2 x 16.7 cm (7 7/8 x 11 1/2 x 6 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.2, "width": 0.292, "depth": 0.167}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "An elegantly dressed couple accompany one another in a duet while seated on a tall-backed settee in this German porcelain figurine. The woman is likely playing a lute, an early form of the guitar, while the gentleman joins in with a wooden flute. Their music-making reflects their courtship and intimacy\u2014a typical symbolic gesture rendered in such figural ceramic sculptures.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761397"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.2-figural-group-musici"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Vincennes and Meissen Porcelain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 39, no. 6 (June 1952): 124-126. ", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 125; Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141801"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.2/1952.2_web.jpg", "width": "1167", "height": "893", "filesize": "500313", "filename": "1952.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.2/1952.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2601", "filesize": "4144019", "filename": "1952.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.2/1952.2_full.tif", "width": "5084", "height": "3889", "filesize": "59354408", "filename": "1952.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-23T14:01:06", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "842", "height": "893", "filesize": "342098"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3207", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5126710"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3679", "height": "3900", "filesize": "43081608"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-23T14:12:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "876", "height": "893", "filesize": "338191"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3334", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5147249"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3689", "height": "3762", "filesize": "41674160"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-23T13:52:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1169", "height": "893", "filesize": "387588"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2597", "filesize": "3740133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1952.2/1952.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4948", "height": "3780", "filesize": "56147396"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129358, "creators": [{"id": 11685, "description": "Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "the first and for half a century the best in Europe. It set a high standard which was emulated everywhere, even in China. Founded in 1710 as the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufacture by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, at Meissen, near Dresden.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1710", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 40976, "description": "Johann Joachim K\u00e4ndler (German, 1706\u20131768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "modeled by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1706", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-01-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1732, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1737", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Crinoline Group: Musicians"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:01.733000"}, {"id": 122571, "accession_number": "1942.825", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Family Gathering on New Year's Morning (\u7dd9\u7d72\u6bdb\u639b\u6bef\uff1a\u6b72\u671d\u5716), late 1760s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Silk and wool: tapestry weave; overall: 257.8 x 377.8 cm (101 1/2 x 148 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.825", "current_location": null, "title": "Family Gathering on New Year's Morning", "title_in_original_language": "\u7dd9\u7d72\u6bdb\u639b\u6bef\uff1a\u6b72\u671d\u5716", "creation_date": "late 1760s", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Silk and wool: tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 257.8 x 377.8 cm (101 1/2 x 148 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.578, "width": 3.778}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355715, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Historic Flower Containers", "description": "Exhibition of the Month: Historic Flower Containers. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 31, 1952-March 3, 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-12-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "The Porcelain Connection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery I - Exhibition of the Month: Chinese Furniture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-11-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This European-style tapestry depicts a family gathering, in a woven Western picture frame, that presumably once furnished the Hall of Cultivating the Mind (Yangxin dian) in the Forbidden City. The tapestry employs Western perspective and shading combined with the traditional Chinese subject of a family gathering in a palace, including motifs expressing wishes for good fortune and for a peaceful reign.
In 1766, six French tapestries had been presented to the Chinese court. The Qianlong emperor was so intrigued that he commissioned tapestries in the French style from Suzhou. Records mention an imperial order for tapestries in the Western style, such as this one, in 1769, 1770, and 1775.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018934"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.825-family-gathering-on"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"A Chinese Tapestry.\" The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 25, no. 136 (1914): 231\u2013230.", "page_number": "pp. 230\u2013231", "url": "http://www.jstor.org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/859718"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition June 6-September 20, 1916. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 174, no. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marceau, Henri, Horace H. F. Jayne, Calvin S Hathaway, Nancy Andrews Reath, and Boies Penrose. \u201cThe Stotesbury Collection.\u201d Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum 28, no. 151 (1932): 19\u201331.", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [57], Plate XXVIII, cat. no. 124; Mention: p. 60, cat. no. 124", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n64"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M., Gertrude Underhill, and Jean Mailey. \"Department of Decorative Arts.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 9 (1942): 137\u2013151.", "page_number": "pp. 148\u2013149", "url": "http://www.jstor.org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/25141017"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 64, no. 4 (1977): 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned: footnote 9, pp. 121 and 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "Ball, Victoria Kloss. Architecture and Interior Design: Europe and America from the Colonial Era to Today. vol. 2. New York: Wiley, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 2.32, pl. 81", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Imagining Qianlong: Louis XV's Chinese Emperor Tapestries and Battle Scene Prints at the Imperial Court in Beijing. Hong Kong: University Museum and Art Gallery, The University of Hong Kong, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 56\u201357, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rado, Mei Mei. \u201cQing Imperial Encounters with European Tapestries: The \u2018Tenture Chinoise\u2019 and Beyond.\u201d In Arachn\u00e9 / Textes Rassembl\u00e9s Et \u00c9dit\u00e9s Par Pascal-Fran\u00e7ois Bertrand Et Audrey Nassieu Maupas Seite. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2017.", "page_number": "pp. 119\u2013135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 394\u2013395, no. 223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rado, Mei Mei. The Empire\u2019s New Cloth: Cross-Cultural Textiles at the Qing Court. 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Recent research indicates that the work is by D\u00fcchert, one of Egell's most gifted students, who translated Egell's distinct visual language\u2014the elongated figures, tiny heads, unusually flattened space, and planar handling of drapery\u2014into small-scale ivories.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746887"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.12-the-annunciation"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1981.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 69, no. 2 (1982): 39-82.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 18, p. 78, Reproduced: p. 48", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159758."}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts.\" Gazette des Beaux-Arts, supplement (Mars 1982): 1-92.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51, fig. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Dissertation. Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 307", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lankheit, Klaus. Der kurpfa\u0308lzische Hofbildhauer Paul Egell, 1691-1752. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Hirmer, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45-46, vol. I; vol. II, pl. 314", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.12", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.12/1981.12_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "441664", "filename": "1981.12_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.12/1981.12_print.jpg", "width": "2630", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5381953", "filename": "1981.12_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.12/1981.12_full.tif", "width": "4613", "height": "5963", "filesize": "82570856", "filename": "1981.12_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-01-08T19:29:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.12/1981.12_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "425914"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.12/1981.12_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2622", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6131671"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1981.12/1981.12_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4454", "height": "5774", "filesize": "77180892"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 150352, "creators": [{"id": 64041, "description": "Johann Michael D\u00fcchert (German, 1725\u20131799)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1750s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:08.655000"}, {"id": 159885, "accession_number": "1997.185", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Crucifixion, c. 1730. Du Paquier Porcelain Manufactory (Austrian, active 1719\u20131864). Porcelain, ebonized wood cross with gilt bronze mounts; overall: 100 x 36.5 cm (39 3/8 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1997.185", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "The Crucifixion", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Austria, Vienna"], "technique": "porcelain, ebonized wood cross with gilt bronze mounts", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 100 x 36.5 cm (39 3/8 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.0, "width": 0.365}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 679518, "title": "Wonder and Science. The Invention of Porcelain in Vienna", "description": "Wonder and Science. The Invention of Porcelain in Vienna. Liechtenstein Princely Collections, Wien, Austria (organizer) (January 30-March 30, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-01-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Adrian Sassoon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20131997", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The second oldest European porcelain factory after that at Meissen (in Germany) was set up in Vienna in 1716. During its early years, the Vienna factory was privately owned by a court official, Claudius Innocentius Du Paquier, and its early wares\u2014made before 1744\u2014carry his name. They are characterized by energetic shapes, strong colors, and the use of gold for surface decoration. This is the only Du Paquier crucifix known today. The figure of Christ closely resembles the work of Vienna's most famous sculptor, Georg Raphael Donner (1693\u20131741), and was probably created by one of his followers especially to be used on this crucifix. The anatomical accuracy and precise detail of the figure, along with the abundance of gold decoration, indicate that the piece was probably a special commission intended for a distinguished patron, possibly a member of the Hungarian Esterh\u00e1zy family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.185-the-crucifixion"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor European Porcelain Crucifix, Pre-Columbian Figure, and Other Works Added to CMA Collection,\u201d December 3, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4165"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry, \"A Du Paquier Crucifix\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 39 no. 01, January 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-01/page/4"}, {"citation": "D'Agliano, Andreina, Rita Balleri and Claudia Lehner-Jobst. Fragili tesori dei principi: Le vie della porcellana tra Vienna e Firenze. Livorno: Sillabe, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 166, cat. #17; Reproduced: p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lehner-Jobst, Claudia. \"Sculptural Works in Porcelain.\" In A Marvellous Science: Passion for Porcelain in Baroque Vienna, edited by Stephan Koja, 42-43. Dresden: Sandstein, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 42-43, fig. 1; p. 181, no. 79", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.185", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.185/1997.185_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "900", "filesize": "111782", "filename": "1997.185_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.185/1997.185_print.jpg", "width": "2189", "height": "3400", "filesize": "744273", "filename": "1997.185_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.185/1997.185_full.tif", "width": "3796", "height": "5897", "filesize": "67209304", "filename": "1997.185_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-23T19:44:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "486", "height": "900", "filesize": "73288"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1836", "height": "3400", "filesize": "529353"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3220", "height": "5963", "filesize": "57635476"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-23T20:05:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "498", "height": "900", "filesize": "76897"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1883", "height": "3400", "filesize": "588013"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3196", "height": "5771", "filesize": "55366884"}}, {"date_created": "2008-01-23T19:22:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "575", "height": "900", "filesize": "85194"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2171", "height": "3400", "filesize": "678013"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.185/1997.185_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3799", "height": "5950", "filesize": "67845240"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 159885, "creators": [{"id": 14665, "description": "Du Paquier Porcelain Manufactory (Austrian, active 1719\u20131864)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "after Meissen the first European factory to make hard-paste porcelain. It was founded in 1719 by a Court official of Dutch origin, Claudius Innocentius Du Paquier with the assistance of C. C. Hunger and the kiln master Samuel St\u00f6lzel, both from Meissen.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:19.580000"}, {"id": 101852, "accession_number": "1920.514", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mrs. George Collier, 18th century. Follower of Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792). Oil on canvas; framed: 112 x 101 x 12 cm (44 1/8 x 39 3/4 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 80 x 67.3 cm (31 1/2 x 26 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1920.514", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Mrs. George Collier", "creation_date": "18th century", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 112 x 101 x 12 cm (44 1/8 x 39 3/4 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 80 x 67.3 cm (31 1/2 x 26 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.12, "width": 1.01, "depth": 0.12}, "unframed": {"height": 0.8, "width": 0.673}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, British Insititution, 1823, no. 50.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London, British Insititution, 1864, no. 148.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London Grosvenor Gallery, 1884, no. 134.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Cleveland, Nov 25-Dec. 17, 1913: \"Cleveland Art Loan Exhibition,' no. 145 b.", "opening_date": "1913-11-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition,\" no. 234.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, 1938: \"Survey of English Painting,\" no. 19.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Thomas Agnew & Sons, 1963.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(possibly Mary Horneck Gwynn, sister in law of the sitter (1823)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir William W. Knighton, Hampshire (1864, Christie's, London sale 21 May, 1885, no. 457", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Adelaide Ross", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "J. H. Wade, Cleveland (by 1913)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Possib;y Mrs. George Collier, possibly by inheritance to her sister-in-law, Mary Horneck Gwynn,", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Possibly Mary Horneck Gwynn", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "William Wellesley Knighton, 2nd Bt., 1836-1855 (London, England, and Blendworth Lodge, Hampshire, England), upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of William Wellesley Knighton, sold, Christie's, London, May 21, 1885, lot 457", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Adelaide Ross (Stachelberg, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade, 1857-1926 (Cleveland, Ohio), by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1920.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Given to the Cleveland Museum in 1920 by the collector Jeptha H. Wade, this painting was thought to be an authentic work by Joshua Reynolds. However, after considerable study, the museum attributed it to a follower of Reynolds working in a similar style around the same time. This portrait depicts the wife of the captain (and later admiral) George Collier. The artist draws an analogy between this woman and Lesbia, a married woman who provided much artistic inspiration for the Roman poet Catullus (c. 84\u2013c. 54 BC). The poet's writings document a love affair with Lesbia, and one poem in particular documents the death of the woman's beloved pet sparrow. The viewer can barely see the sparrow in this painting, since it lies on a table partially obscured by her right elbow. The muted colors evoke a sense of melancholy as the woman mourns with her head turned away from the viewer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503293"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.514-portrait-of-mrs-geor"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Recent Changes in the Painting Galleries.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 2/3 (1918): 22-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136174"}, {"citation": "\"Important Recent Gifts.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 7, no. 10 (1920): 157-58. ", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 157-158", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136431"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n30"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n39"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 212-215; Reproduced: p. 213", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.514", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.514/1920.514_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "498954", "filename": "1920.514_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.514/1920.514_print.jpg", "width": "2786", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7514705", "filename": "1920.514_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.514/1920.514_full.tif", "width": "4260", "height": "5199", "filesize": "66465192", "filename": "1920.514_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-06-17T15:58:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.514/1920.514_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "756", "height": "893", "filesize": "527868"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.514/1920.514_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2879", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8451322"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.514/1920.514_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4528", "height": "5348", "filesize": "72669228"}}, {"date_created": "2009-06-17T14:16:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.514/1920.514_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "802", "height": "893", "filesize": "547556"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.514/1920.514_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3055", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8048297"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1920.514/1920.514_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "5386", "filesize": "78226716"}}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101852, "creators": [{"id": 2541, "description": "Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "follower of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1723", "death_year": "1792", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-11-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "18th century", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. George Collier as Lesbia and Dead Bird"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:32.576000"}, {"id": 98644, "accession_number": "1918.344", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pipa (\u7435\u7436), 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Wood, ivory, bone, gut; overall: 95.4 x 27.4 x 8 cm (37 9/16 x 10 13/16 x 3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.344", "current_location": null, "title": "Pipa", "title_in_original_language": "\u7435\u7436", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Wood, ivory, bone, gut", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "Chinese Art", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 95.4 x 27.4 x 8 cm (37 9/16 x 10 13/16 x 3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.954, "width": 0.274, "depth": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 438711, "title": "Migrations of Memory\u2014The Poetry and Power of Music", "description": "Migrations of Memory\u2014The Poetry and Power of Music. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2021-May 8, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-11-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The string holder is made of bone.", "description": "The term pipa, known since the 3rd century BC, describes the playing motion of the right hand: pi, \u201cto play forward\u201d (left), and pa, \u201cto play backward\u201d (right). A type of lute played with the fingers, it is used in opera and storytelling ensembles and has an impressive, virtuosic solo repertoire. Historic imagery, such as wall paintings, documents the spread of the pipa, along the Silk Road from western and central Asia to China. The bat finial here is a commonly used device on 19th-century Chinese lutes symbolizing good luck.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485128"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.344-pipa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (1918): 82-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "D. S. M. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 134-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}, {"citation": "Peng, Wei \u5f6d\u8587, and Clarissa von Spee. Migrations of Memory: The Poetry and Power of Music by Chinese Artist Peng Wei in Collaboration with the Cleveland Museum of Art = \u5e73\u6c99\u843d\u96c1\u2014\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u8a69\u610f\u8207\u529b\u91cf: \u4e2d\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5f6d\u8587\u8207\u514b\u5229\u592b\u862d\u85dd\u8853\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5408\u4f5c. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.344", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.344/1918.344_web.jpg", "width": "538", "height": "900", "filesize": "136988", "filename": "1918.344_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.344/1918.344_print.jpg", "width": "2032", "height": "3400", "filesize": "739187", "filename": "1918.344_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.344/1918.344_full.tif", "width": "5479", "height": "9169", "filesize": "150735360", "filename": "1918.344_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-03-25T15:45:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.344/1918.344_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "519", "height": "900", "filesize": "131152"}, "print": {"url": 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"42336972"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98644, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["P'i-p'a"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:09.268000"}, {"id": 116182, "accession_number": "1936.95", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cloth with Unicorns, Dragons, Other Animals, and Floral Patterns, 1800s. Italy, 1800s. Bleached linen: needle lace, filet/lacis (knotted ground and darned in two directions) and alternating cutwork, embroidered squares, and bobbin lace edging; overall: 113.5 x 138 cm (44 11/16 x 54 5/16 in.); mounted: 121.9 x 146.1 cm (48 x 57 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Frances McIntosh Sherwin Collection, 1936.95", "current_location": null, "title": "Cloth with Unicorns, Dragons, Other Animals, and Floral Patterns", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 1800s"], "technique": "Bleached linen: needle lace, filet/lacis (knotted ground and darned in two directions) and alternating cutwork, embroidered squares, and bobbin lace edging", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Lace", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 113.5 x 138 cm (44 11/16 x 54 5/16 in.); Mounted: 121.9 x 146.1 cm (48 x 57 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.135, "width": 1.38}, "mounted": {"height": 1.219, "width": 1.461}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 324165, "title": "Renaissance lace rotation", "description": "Renaissance lace rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-November 18, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two-legged dragon with a barbed tail at the corners of the lace cloth is called a wyvern.", "description": "Scattered throughout this textile are depictions of both real and imaginary animals: unicorns and dragons exist alongside lions, stags, and an assortment of birds. There are also identifiable plants, flowers, and fruits as well as simply decorative or fictional ones. The maker, whose initials CM appear between the unicorns, perhaps chose to mix fantastical motifs with natural ones to create a more captivating spectacle. This large textile was perhaps meant for use as a table cover.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80010694"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"The Frances McIntosh Sherwin Collection of Lace.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 23, no. 4 (1936): 53-54.", "page_number": "53-54", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137765."}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 59, no. 3 (May/June 2019): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "related work in the collection of The Art Institute of Chicago. Object accession number 1986.11, Cover, France, c. 1620/30. 105.3 x 137.3 cm (41-1/2 x 54 in.). linen.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.artic.edu/artworks/105090/cover"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.95", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.95/1936.95_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "752", "filesize": "368839", "filename": "1936.95_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.95/1936.95_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2841", "filesize": "4878961", "filename": "1936.95_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.95/1936.95_full.tif", "width": "7882", "height": "6586", "filesize": "155768928", "filename": "1936.95_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Frances McIntosh Sherwin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 116182, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-02-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Needlepoint and Bobbin Lace Cloth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:40.092000"}, {"id": 120842, "accession_number": "1941.565", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1776. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 8.8 x 7.6 cm (3 7/16 x 3 in.); unframed: 6.4 x 5.1 cm (2 1/2 x 2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.565", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1776", "creation_date_earliest": 1772, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.8 x 7.6 cm (3 7/16 x 3 in.); Unframed: 6.4 x 5.1 cm (2 1/2 x 2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.088, "width": 0.076}, "unframed": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.051}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on front of paper at upper right corner: 119 (or 115?); inscribed on paper backing, in graphite, upside down at lower left: 10", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 2).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory; they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. Compared to his contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u20131829) and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837), whose female sitters were often painted in similar simple white gowns, Smart often lavished more attention on the costumes in his portraits of women, whose dresses incorporated colored silks, printed fabrics, and luxury trimmings like lace and fur. The sitter\u2019s head and shoulders face left. She has what was probably once blond hair\u2014now faded to pink\u2014dressed high on her head, with curls down the back of her neck, over which a veil descends. Her eyes are hazel, and the color of her lips has almost completely faded. Positioned in an oval, and revealing much of her left breast, she wears a low-necked dress with faint traces of pink pigment, trimmed with a string of pearls. The background is unpainted. To this date, the finished ivory for which this preparatory sketch was presumably undertaken has not been discovered. The portrait was assigned the historically colorful but fictitious title of \u201cHenrietta Maria\u201d at some point after memory of its true identity had been lost. Giving illustrious titles to portraits of unknown sitters was a popular strategy adopted by dealers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, often applied to miniature portraits and, in particular, to Smart\u2019s sketches of women. In 1948 Arthur Jaff\u00e9 wrote to the Cleveland Museum of Art that a \u201cMrs. Samuelson of Exeter recently brought me two frames, with six sketches mounted in each, of ladies, mostly with fancy names. I think there is no doubt that they were part of Mrs. Lange\u2019s share of the Smirke sketches, though unlike yours they did not pass through Christie\u2019s auction in Dec. 1928. I persuaded Mrs. Samuelson to let me remove them from their frames and to rub the paper backing from the card on which the sketches are painted. The result was as follows. Included was a No. 115 called, Margaret, Archduchess of Austria, which is the same number given to our Henrietta Maria.\u201d Elsewhere Jaff\u00e9 notes that the number on the front of this sketch was probably a 119 instead of a 115.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016502"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.565-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "Lot 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 43, pl. XII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 44, pp. 184-185", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.565", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.565/1941.565_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "126846", "filename": "1941.565_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.565/1941.565_print.jpg", "width": "2897", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1890593", "filename": "1941.565_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.565/1941.565_full.tif", "width": "4960", "height": "5821", "filesize": "86638708", "filename": "1941.565_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T15:50:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "757", "height": "893", "filesize": "463269"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2882", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6406701"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3107", "height": "3666", "filesize": "34203432"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T15:14:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "553082"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2976", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7519627"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3525", "height": "4027", "filesize": "42616784"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T15:53:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "760", "height": "893", "filesize": "468504"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2893", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6549395"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3164", "height": "3718", "filesize": "35323316"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T14:07:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "770", "height": "893", "filesize": "550775"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2932", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7388858"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3522", "height": "4084", "filesize": "43178572"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T18:30:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "766", "height": "893", "filesize": "132770"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2915", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1909989"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5010", "height": "5842", "filesize": "87827432"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:42:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "103509"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1440781"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.565/1941.565_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022060"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120842, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1772, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1776", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:59.620000"}, {"id": 120845, "accession_number": "1941.568", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1775. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 7.7 x 6.5 cm (3 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 5.5 x 3.8 cm (2 3/16 x 1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.568", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "graphite and wash on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "card", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7.7 x 6.5 cm (3 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 5.5 x 3.8 cm (2 3/16 x 1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.077, "width": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.055, "width": 0.038}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on paper backing in graphite, upside down, at upper right: 139; also on paper backing in graphite on slant at lower right corner: La belle/Gabrielle", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1776-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1811-c. 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1853-77", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Lange (n\u00e9e Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1877-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir Edward Smirke.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1928", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 9)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 10, 1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory; they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A group of preparatory sketches\u2014of which this portrait is one\u2014descended through the Smirke family after Smart\u2019s daughter Sarah gave a sketchbook containing preparatory portrait studies to her friend Mary Smirke, sister of the celebrated Victorian architect Sydney Smirke. This book was probably broken up around 1877 when it was divided between Sydney\u2019s daughters Mary Jemmett and Mrs. Lange, whose portions were both sold at auction in 1928. This portrait was assigned the historically colorful but fictitious title of \u201cLa Belle Gabrielle\u201d at some point after memory of its true identity had been lost. Giving illustrious titles to portraits of unknown sitters was a popular strategy adopted by dealers during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, often applied to miniature portraits and, in particular, to Smart\u2019s sketches of women. The inscription on the paper backing is not in Smart\u2019s hand, and when the paper backing was removed in 1993, no inscriptions were discovered on the back of the drawing itself. Only the sitter\u2019s head and neck are drawn, and a low-necked dress is faintly suggested. Her head is turned to the right, and her light-colored hair is dressed high, with flat curls against the back of her head. She has brown eyes, and the color of her lips is extremely faded, though the hint of a ruddy complexion remains. Her sagging jaw line and the lines beneath her eyes suggest that this sitter was painted as a mature woman. The background is unpainted. To this date, the finished ivory for which this preparatory sketch was presumably undertaken has not been discovered.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016508"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.568-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient & Modern Pictures and Miniature Portraits. 1928.", "page_number": "Lot 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 45, pl. XI", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n57"}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 39, pp. 172-173", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.568", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.568/1941.568_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "122611", "filename": "1941.568_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.568/1941.568_print.jpg", "width": "2851", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1656925", "filename": "1941.568_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.568/1941.568_full.tif", "width": "4452", "height": "5308", "filesize": "70915776", "filename": "1941.568_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:45:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "448220"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2786", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6206455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2802", "height": "3419", "filesize": "28772176"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T16:37:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "752", "height": "893", "filesize": "556733"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2865", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8142821"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3000", "height": "3559", "filesize": "32060884"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T16:47:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "893", "filesize": "450538"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2818", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6260534"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2844", "height": "3431", "filesize": "29305276"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-09T16:33:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "753", "height": "893", "filesize": "546090"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2868", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7213504"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3066", "height": "3634", "filesize": "33452680"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T19:19:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "117392"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2855", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1807038"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4441", "height": "5287", "filesize": "70461156"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T20:30:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "102854"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1640898"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1941.568/1941.568_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022088"}}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120845, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:24.957000"}, {"id": 125218, "accession_number": "1947.183", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Set of Four Armchairs and Settee, c. 1715. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627). Carved wood, Savonnerie knotted-pile (symmetrical rug knot) upholstery; wool, hemp; overall: 120 x 201.3 x 55.9 cm (47 1/4 x 79 1/4 x 22 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1947.183", "current_location": null, "title": "Set of Four Armchairs and Settee", "creation_date": "c. 1715", "creation_date_earliest": 1712, "creation_date_latest": 1717, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "carved wood, Savonnerie knotted-pile (symmetrical rug knot) upholstery; wool, hemp", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 120 x 201.3 x 55.9 cm (47 1/4 x 79 1/4 x 22 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.2, "width": 2.013, "depth": 0.559}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Isabella Merode-Westerloo and Franz Joseph Czernin de Chaudnitz, original suite of tapestries and furniture commissioned for their marriage in 1717; then by descent in the family until 1930 or 1931, when they were sold to a dealer, A. & R. Ball, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1717-1947", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(A & R. Ball, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-1947", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1947-?", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Savonnerie factory can trace its origins to a small carpet studio which set up shop in 1615 south of Paris in a factory that had formerly made soap (savon in French), hence the name Savonnerie.", "description": "These chairs belong to a suite that includes a settee (also in the CMA\u2019s collection) and a tapestry made for a count and countess to mark their wedding in 1717. Furniture of this scale was usually placed against the wall in grand reception halls, more as a display of wealth than for use. Upholstered in Savonnerie tapestries, this suite was among the most treasured and expensive example anyone could own and was typically reserved for royalty.
To add decorative and intellectual interest to the textiles, weavers incorporated symbols depicting various stories from the Fables of Jean de La Fontaine, published from 1668 to 1694 and largely adapted from Aesop and other early storytellers.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79903564"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.183-set-of-four-armchair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"A Set of Furniture Upholstered in Savonnerie Tapestry.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 3 (March 1948): 40, 42-43, 45-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42-43; Mentioned: p. 45.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141448"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: cat. no. 286", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n58"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Greene, 1957.409", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re)", "creation_date": "1779\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1779, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "gold and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 3.4 x 6.8 cm (1 5/16 x 2 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.034, "width": 0.068, "length": 0.08}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1779-1780, inside bottom; inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Illegible maker's mark, inside bottom; inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif. 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{"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1957.409/1957.409_alt12_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1936", "filesize": "3061821"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1957.409/1957.409_alt12_full.tif", "width": "4395", "height": "2502", "filesize": "32995456"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134854, "creators": [{"id": 8681, "description": "Pierre Marie Gault De Saint-Germain (French, 1754\u20131842)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1842", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1779, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1779\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Six Miniatures Mounted in Oval Box"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:30.813000"}, {"id": 141300, "accession_number": "1964.519", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Double Salt Dishes (Paire de sali\u00e8res), 1790. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756). Hard-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; overall: 3.5 x 12.4 x 7 cm (1 3/8 x 4 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.519", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Double Salt Dishes (Paire de sali\u00e8res)", "creation_date": "1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "Hard-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 3.5 x 12.4 x 7 cm (1 3/8 x 4 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.035, "width": 0.124, "depth": 0.07}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "1964.519.1: Interlaced Ls with date letter 'NN' to the right, mark for Jean-Nicolas Le bel, jeune, p\u00e8re to the left, incised 'os' (the 's' is upside down); 1964.519.2: Interlaced Ls with date letter 'NN,' mark for Charles-Th\u00e9odore Buteux below, incised 'os' (the 's' is upside down)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Incised \"OS\", left]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This double-salt cellar would have held salts as well as a variety of spices such as pepper, nutmeg, and cinnamon.", "description": "This double-salt cellar was added to a 525 piece dinner and dessert service commissioned by French King Louis XVI and known as the guirlandes de barbeaux (garlands of cornflowers) service. Between 1783 and 1790 broken or damaged objects from this service were replaced on an annual basis. Objects in this service were made of both soft and hard-paste porcelain, the latter made possible by the discovery of the ingredient kaolin in France in 1768-69.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040817"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.519-pair-of-double-salt"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e national des cha\u0302teaux de Versailles et de Trianon. Versailles et les tables royales en Europe: XVIIe\u0300me-XIXe\u0300me sie\u0300cles. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 120, 291, illus. p. 142", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Miller, Markus, and Andreas Dobler. Ko\u0308nigliches Porzellan aus Frankreich: Sammlerstu\u0308cke und Service der Manufaktur Vincennes/Se\u0300vres. Eichenzell: Hessische Hausstiftung, Museum Schloss Fasanerie, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 82-83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peters, David. Sevres Plates and Services of the 18th Century. Hertfordshire: D. Peters, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 663-65, 745-47, 847-48, 877-78, 911-12", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.519", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.519/1964.519_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "447", "filesize": "152952", "filename": "1964.519_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.519/1964.519_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1687", "filesize": "734650", "filename": "1964.519_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.519/1964.519_full.tif", "width": "11199", "height": "5557", "filesize": "186724856", "filename": "1964.519_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141300, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:51.981000"}, {"id": 160113, "accession_number": "1997.77", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of General Keith MacAlister, c. 1800\u20131810. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor and graphite, heightened with traces of white gouache, on paper; image: 13.2 x 11.4 cm (5 3/16 x 4 1/2 in.); sheet: 17.4 x 14 cm (6 7/8 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.77", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of General Keith MacAlister", "creation_date": "c. 1800\u20131810", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor and graphite, heightened with traces of white gouache, on paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Image: 13.2 x 11.4 cm (5 3/16 x 4 1/2 in.); Sheet: 17.4 x 14 cm (6 7/8 x 5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.174, "width": 0.14}, "image": {"height": 0.132, "width": 0.114}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "across bottom, in graphite: Genl Macalester ; VERSO, center, in graphite: 169; lower left, in graphite: l. 159. [circled]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by inheritance to his son John James Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John James Smart (1805-1870), by inheritance to his daughter Mary Ann Bose", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1811-70", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Ann Bose (n\u00e9e Smart, 1856\u20131934) by inheritance to her daughter Lilian Mary Dyer, great-granddaughter of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870-1934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lilian Mary Dyer (n\u00e9e Bose, 1876-1955)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934-37", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, November 26, 1937 (lot 54)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 26, 1937", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Colnaghi, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1937", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, by inheritance to his daughter Helen Perry", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1957", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Helen Perry (n\u00e9e Greene, 1911-1996), Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1957-96", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Held in trust by the Estate of Helen Perry, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-1997", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sketches helped John Smart work out the particulars of a portrait before commencing the miniature on ivory; they were useful in the event that a duplicate might later be required.", "description": "Although it is impossible to say if it was always part of the artist\u2019s process to execute a preparatory sketch prior to painting each miniature, we do know that John Smart retained many hundreds of these sketches. A great number were inherited by his son John James Smart, who in turn left them to his daughter Mary Ann Bose. Upon her death in 1934, they were divided between three of her children: William Henry Bose, Lilian Dyer, and Mabel Annie Busteed. General MacAlister is represented in three-quarter view, bust length, and facing the right. His eyes are blue, but the right eye is clouded and lighter in color than the left. There is no sign of isolated damage or fading, confirming that this color difference was among MacAlister\u2019s physical attributes. He wears a brown coat; white, frilled vest edged in black; tall collar; and a white cravat tied in a bow. His closely cropped hair is powdered, and an unidentified rocky landscape through which a small river runs is painted in the background; it probably represents a place of personal significance in Scotland or India, possibly even Seringapatam and the Cauvery River. Smart depicted MacAlister inside of a penciled oval tromp l\u2019oeil frame. The drawing is replete with physically informative details and is larger and more finished than drawings intended to function exclusively as preparatory sketches, though it may also have served this purpose. Beneath the elaborate penciled border is written in large graphite script \u201cGenl Macalester.\u201d This inscription is not in the artist\u2019s hand and almost certainly a later addition. A Colnaghi label was removed from the verso after the work entered the museum\u2019s collection. The sitter is likely Major-General Keith MacAlister (1746\u20131820) of the Madras Cavalry. He was the eldest of three soldier brothers who served with distinction in India. MacAlister was born at Skerrinish in the Isle of Skye and ascended through the ranks rapidly following his appointment as cadet in 1777. He became captain in 1796; lieutenant-colonel in 1799; colonel in 1809; and major-general in 1812. He is celebrated particularly for his role in the 1799 storming and capture of Seringapatam, a decisive battleground in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, and for rescuing his brother Matthew from a long imprisonment in the same city. MacAlister was also instrumental in organizing the Madras Light Cavalry.5 Smart\u2019s portrait of MacAlister would have been painted between 1800 and 1810, when the sitter was an older man and had returned to England before settling in Scotland. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art owns a Smart portrait on ivory called Keith Michael Alexander, dated 1810. Although he wears a military uniform rather than civilian clothes, the sitter is identical to the one in the Cleveland drawing\u2014note in particular the differently colored eyes and the blue veins at the left temple. Although it was painted in 1810, possibly some years after the Cleveland sketch, the sitter\u2019s hair loss is more pronounced in the earlier drawing. This inconsistency can be explained by the fact that Regency fashion called for men to comb their hair forward, thereby obscuring baldness, as seen here. Otherwise, the portraits are so similar that it is likely that Smart was consulting the earlier finished drawing when executing the 1810 miniature in ivory. Both \u201cGeneral Macalister\u201d and \u201cColonel Keith Michael Alexander\u201d are listed by Daphne Foskett among Smart\u2019s sitters, but she reproduces images only of the latter Nelson-Atkins miniature. No additional portraits of the period depicting gentlemen of either name have been discovered at this time. The Nelson-Atkins ivory has been called Keith Michael Alexander by tradition at least since it was in the Mr. and Mrs. John W. Starr collection before entering the museum in 1958. However, the miniature has not been removed from the frame since its acquisition, and there is no evidence of an inscription. It is likely that Keith Michael Alexander is a mistaken interpretation of the name Keith MacAlister, particularly because no record of a soldier by the name of Keith Michael Alexander has been discovered.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980805"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.77-portrait-of-general"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient and Modern Pictures and Drawings. 1937.", "page_number": "lot 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 70, 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 49, pp. 199-203", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.77", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.77/1997.77_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "96621", "filename": "1997.77_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.77/1997.77_print.jpg", "width": "2751", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1802498", "filename": "1997.77_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.77/1997.77_full.tif", "width": "5765", "height": "7125", "filesize": "123249100", "filename": "1997.77_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-02-07T15:48:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "771", "height": "893", "filesize": "513770"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2934", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6808721"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3322", "height": "3849", "filesize": "38382812"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-02T19:42:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "893", "filesize": "468560"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2940", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7366844"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3901", "height": "4512", "filesize": "52836480"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-02T19:42:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "396606"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2742", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6956767"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4800", "height": "5950", "filesize": "85705616"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T16:24:25", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "741", "height": "893", "filesize": "382054"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2821", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6854368"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4260", "height": "5134", "filesize": "65637900"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T15:21:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "67128"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2729", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1482265"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5748", "height": "7160", "filesize": "123489296"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T16:11:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "116186"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1956457"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.77/1997.77_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022056"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160113, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800\u20131810", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["General Macalester"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:27.603000"}, {"id": 160115, "accession_number": "1997.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Sir Captain West of the Dutton Indiaman, 1785. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor over traces of black chalk, with metallic gold paint on laid paper; sheet: 16.3 x 15.3 cm (6 7/16 x 6 in.); unframed: 19.6 x 15.3 cm (7 11/16 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.79", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Sir Captain West of the Dutton Indiaman", "creation_date": "1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor over traces of black chalk, with metallic gold paint on laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) modern laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Sheet: 16.3 x 15.3 cm (6 7/16 x 6 in.); Unframed: 19.6 x 15.3 cm (7 11/16 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.163, "width": 0.153}, "unframed": {"height": 0.196, "width": 0.153}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "by artist, across bottom, in brown ink: Captain West of the Dutton Indiaman 1785 / drawn on board going to Madras", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811), by inheritance to his son John James Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John James Smart (1805-1870), by inheritance to his daughter Mary Ann Bose", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1811-70", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Ann Bose (n\u00e9e Smart, 1856-1934), by inheritance to her daughter Lilian Mary Dyer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870-1934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lilian Mary Dyer (n\u00e9e Bose, 1876-1955), great-granddaughter of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934-37", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, November 26, 1937 (lot 8)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 26, 1937", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Colnaghi, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1937", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, by inheritance to his daughter Helen Perry", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1957", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Helen Perry (n\u00e9e Greene, 1911-1996), Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1957-96", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Estate of Mrs. Helen Perry, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-97", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1784 it was written that \"Captain James West, had the just reputation of being a first-rate mariner, a well-informed, and thoroughly practical man of business, and in every way worthy of confidential intimacy.\"", "description": "Smart painted Captain West\u2019s head in profile, turned to the right. His powdered hair is worn en queue with curls above his ears and white powder on his shoulders. He has long eyelashes, parted lips, and a grayish cast to his skin tone, particularly over his beard. West dons a blue coat with gold buttonholes embroidered in gold and a white waistcoat, high collar, and cravat tied in a small bow. This work is a finished drawing by Smart, evidenced in part by its larger size and by the fact that the painting of the sitter\u2019s clothing is complete and the bust is placed within an elaborate border comprised of blue, metallic gold, and gray lines. This finished quality does not preclude the possibility that the drawing may also have functioned as a preparatory sketch for a miniature on ivory, which has not been located. Captain James West sailed the Dutton Indiaman from England to Madras, India, on several occasions, including Smart\u2019s voyage in 1785. At least one of the sons of British judge Sir Elijah Impey was traveling with Smart on his journey to India and had his portrait taken by the artist. Another of Impey\u2019s sons wrote of an earlier return passage to England made with Captain West in 1784, shedding light on the sea captain\u2019s character and disposition. Impey\u2019s account conveys not only West\u2019s personality but the atmosphere that prevailed on the ship over which the captain presided and on which Smart traveled and worked. As indicated by an inscription in the artist\u2019s hand, this portrait was painted by Smart while he was aboard the Dutton en route to Madras and probably retained by the artist as a memento. In addition to the portrait of \u201cMaster Impey,\u201d Smart is known to have taken the likeness of other figures while aboard the Dutton, including the quartermaster \u201cBaker\u201d and a French ship called the Consalateur, which was intercepted by the Dutton while sailing to India. The current location of both works is unknown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980810"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.79-portrait-of-sir-capt"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Ancient and Modern Pictures and Drawings. 1937.", "page_number": "lot 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 13, 76, 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 46, pp. 189-192", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.79/1997.79_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "893", "filesize": "103888", "filename": "1997.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.79/1997.79_print.jpg", "width": "2650", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1739007", "filename": "1997.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.79/1997.79_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7698", "filesize": "138586216", "filename": "1997.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-02-07T16:21:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "752", "height": "893", "filesize": "518509"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2386", "height": "2832", "filesize": "4819144"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2386", "height": "2832", "filesize": "20294984"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T14:58:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "741", "height": "893", "filesize": "494891"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2823", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7118994"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3526", "height": "4247", "filesize": "44957208"}}, {"date_created": "2011-08-12T19:04:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "432530"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2645", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7212780"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4427", "height": "5689", "filesize": "75582660"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T16:17:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "404227"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2631", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6647562"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4428", "height": "5722", "filesize": "76036808"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T15:50:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "893", "filesize": "83439"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2650", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1560974"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7698", "filesize": "138586252"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T15:57:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "763", "height": "893", "filesize": "136241"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2906", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2121325"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7018", "filesize": "126346252"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T16:03:59", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "132704"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1974577"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.79/1997.79_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022056"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160115, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:35.340000"}, {"id": 160803, "accession_number": "1999.119", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Buddhist Deities, 1700s\u20131800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Four-panel folding screen; ink and color on silk; painting only: 114 x 115.2 cm (44 7/8 x 45 3/8 in.); overall: 147.5 x 123.8 cm (58 1/16 x 48 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mitsuru Tajima in memory of Robert P. Bergman, 1999.119", "current_location": null, "title": "Buddhist Deities", "creation_date": "1700s\u20131800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Four-panel folding screen; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 114 x 115.2 cm (44 7/8 x 45 3/8 in.); Overall: 147.5 x 123.8 cm (58 1/16 x 48 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 1.14, "width": 1.152}, "overall": {"height": 1.475, "width": 1.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300680, "title": "Japanese and Korean Gallery Rotation", "description": "Japanese and Korean Gallery Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (July 6, 2015-January 4, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-07-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mitsuru Tajima, Tokyo, Japan, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting is a fragment of a much larger banner painting.", "description": "This painting is a fragment of a much larger banner painting, now preserved by mounting on a four-panel continuous folding screen. On the back are Buddhist sutra pages, with text written in gold ink on indigo dyed paper.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477705"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.119-buddhist-deities"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Contemporary German Painting Acquired by CMA,\u201d June 9, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4262"}, {"citation": "Kim, Chang-kyun. \"Study on 17th and 18th-Century Large Buddhist Paintings of Buddha's Sermon on Vulture Peak [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 17-8\uc138\uae30 \uf9b3\u5c71\u6703\u639b\u4f5b\u5716 \uc5f0\uad6c].\" Kangjwa misulsa (2009): 83\u2013113.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09054232"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 166\u2013169, no. 108", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.119", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.119/1999.119_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "893", "filesize": "140474", "filename": "1999.119_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.119/1999.119_print.jpg", "width": "2961", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1721310", "filename": "1999.119_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.119/1999.119_full.tif", "width": "5759", "height": "6612", "filesize": "114261960", "filename": "1999.119_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-15T14:20:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.119/1999.119_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "893", "filesize": 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"width": "2412", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1815883"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.119/1999.119_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4732", "height": "6668", "filesize": "94682292"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mitsuru Tajima in memory of Robert P. Bergman", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160803, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s\u20131800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:46.069000"}, {"id": 163792, "accession_number": "2005.199", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Inside the East End of Nettley Abbey, 1794. Michel Angelo Rooker (British, 1746\u20131801). Gray wash with extensive point of brush with traces of graphite; squared with graphite; overall: 23.5 x 30.2 cm (9 1/4 x 11 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Painting and Drawing Society of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.199", "current_location": null, "title": "Inside the East End of Nettley Abbey", "creation_date": "1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gray wash with extensive point of brush with traces of graphite; squared with graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "off-white wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Overall: 23.5 x 30.2 cm (9 1/4 x 11 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.235, "width": 0.302}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, in graphite, upper left edge: Inside of the East End of Nettley [sic] Abbey - Oct 7, 1794; inscribed, in graphite, on verso, at center: Inside of the East end of Netley. Abbey Oct 7th 1794", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(sale, Christie's, London, November 16, 1965, no. 174)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "J. Dayes, Esq.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1965-before 1984", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(sale, Sotheby's, London, November 21, 1984, no. 88)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Harry and Nina Pollock, Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1984-before 2005", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Painting and Drawing Society, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Netley Abbey, seen in this drawing, was a popular subject in art and literature at the time Michael Angelo Rooker depicted it.", "description": "By the end of the 18th century, Britain\u2019s medieval ruins had become popular tourist destinations and a rich source of inspiration for Romantic poets and painters, establishing a veritable \"cult of ruins.\" Decaying Gothic architecture set in overgrown landscapes conjured thoughts of the transience of human ambition in the context of eternal nature. In 1755, the writer and Whig politician Horace Walpole described Netley Abbey: \"The ruins are vast . . . with all variety of Gothic patterns of windows wrapped round and round with ivy\u2014many trees are sprouted up against the walls and want only to be increased with cypresses! In short, they are not the ruins of Netley, but of Paradise.\" Michael Angelo Rooker\u2019s drawing gives form to Walpole\u2019s description of his magical visit to the ruined abbey.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79990419"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.199-inside-the-east-end"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Conner, Patrick. Michael Angelo Rooker, 1746-1801. London:Victoria & Albert Museum, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Quintessentially British.\" Cleveland Art (July/August 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 8-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 48-49, 148, no. 13; Reproduced: p. 49", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.199", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.199/2005.199_web.jpg", "width": "1137", "height": "893", "filesize": "283210", "filename": "2005.199_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.199/2005.199_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2671", "filesize": "1848128", "filename": "2005.199_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.199/2005.199_full.tif", "width": "4869", "height": "3826", "filesize": "55917564", "filename": "2005.199_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-08-30T20:05:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.199/2005.199_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1129", "height": "893", "filesize": "783195"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.199/2005.199_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2690", "filesize": "5981239"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.199/2005.199_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4795", "height": "3794", "filesize": "54610108"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Painting and Drawing Society of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163792, "creators": [{"id": 51901, "description": "Michel Angelo Rooker (British, 1746\u20131801)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1801", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:22.444000"}, {"id": 166628, "accession_number": "2008.35", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Paris and Oenone, 1791. John Flaxman (British, 1755\u20131826). Brush and gray wash with pen and pale gray-black ink with graphite and brown ink; sheet: 30.3 x 48.8 cm (11 15/16 x 19 3/16 in.); secondary support: 35.1 x 53.6 cm (13 13/16 x 21 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2008.35", "current_location": null, "title": "Paris and Oenone", "creation_date": "1791", "creation_date_earliest": 1791, "creation_date_latest": 1791, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "brush and gray wash with pen and pale gray-black ink with graphite and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.3 x 48.8 cm (11 15/16 x 19 3/16 in.); Secondary Support: 35.1 x 53.6 cm (13 13/16 x 21 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.303, "width": 0.488}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.351, "width": 0.536}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated, in black ink, at lower left: Flaxman, Roma / 1791", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marquis de Lagoy [1764-1829; L. 1710]", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
The Marquis de Lagoy (1764-1829) of Aix-en-Provence had a splendid collection of more than 3,000 drawings by more than 800 different artists of all periods and schools. It is known that he had an agent in Rome buying for him in the 1790s. The drawing is inscribed on the mount: \"Achet\u00e9 a Roma.\" His mark appears at lower center in black ink.
"], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By repute, from a member of the William Randolph Hearst family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alexander Acevedo, Alexander Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private Collector, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Monroe Warshaw, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2008", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2008-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Flaxman called his drawings \"outlines,\" referring to their sparse style.", "description": "Although he identified himself first and foremost as a sculptor, John Flaxman\u2019s greatest fame and most lasting influence rest with his drawings. Engravings made after his spare designs illustrating classical epics by Homer, Dante, and Hesiod became the most celebrated work in his oeuvre and spread his stylized linearity widely. This highly finished, signed and dated drawing was made while Flaxman was in Rome and needed to supplement his income while trying to obtain commissions for sculpture. Flaxman chose an obscure classical subject: the famous Trojan shepherd, Paris, with his first love, the nymph Oenone. The scene takes place on Mount Ida, in an idyllic time of peace before Paris was called upon to judge the beauty of the goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, thus instigating the Trojan War.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79997142"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.35-paris-and-oenone"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"'Graceful in the Extreme': A Neoclassical Drawing by John Flaxman,\" Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide (Summer 2012).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced", "url": "https://www.19thc-artworldwide.org/summer12/heather-lemonedes-a-neoclassical-drawing-by-john-flaxman"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 46-47, 145, no. 12; Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 160", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.35", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.35/2008.35_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "790", "filesize": "702126", "filename": "2008.35_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.35/2008.35_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2126", "filesize": "5079552", "filename": "2008.35_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.35/2008.35_full.tif", "width": "6411", "height": "4008", "filesize": "77119672", "filename": "2008.35_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-08-20T17:36:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2008.35/2008.35_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "805", "filesize": "185231"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2008.35/2008.35_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2166", "filesize": "1259132"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2008.35/2008.35_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6466", "height": "4121", "filesize": "79967168"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166628, "creators": [{"id": 56968, "description": "John Flaxman (British, 1755\u20131826)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1755", "death_year": "1826", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1791, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1791", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Judgment of Paris or Paris and Oenone"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:07.398000"}, {"id": 375948, "accession_number": "2020.66", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jacket with Octopus (\u86f8\u6587\u69d8\u7fbd\u7e54), c. 1800\u20131868. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Silk crepe (chirimen); neck edge to hem: 79.1 cm (31 1/8 in.); across shoulders: 128.6 cm (50 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, L. E. Holden Fund, 2020.66", "current_location": null, "title": "Jacket with Octopus", "title_in_original_language": "\u86f8\u6587\u69d8\u7fbd\u7e54", "creation_date": "c. 1800\u20131868", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Silk crepe (chirimen)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "neck edge to hem: 79.1 cm (31 1/8 in.); Across shoulders: 128.6 cm (50 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"neck edge to hem": {"height": 0.791}, "across shoulders": {"width": 1.286}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 455863, "title": "Animals in Japanese Art", "description": "Animals in Japanese Art. 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An octopus motif sometimes appears on costumes for the role of the Catfish Priest, a sidekick of the main villain in the Kabuki play Shibaraku (Stop a Moment!). It is also seen in genre painting during the 1600s as a logo on the uniforms of transportation staff, perhaps indicating just how much they can carry. This jacket may have recycled the idea as a fashion statement.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244310"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.66-jacket-with-octopus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yamanaka, Norio. The Book of Kimono. New York: Kodansha USA, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lynch, Annette, and Mitchell D. Strauss. Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.", "page_number": "p. 136", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Permanent Collection Installations.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 63, no. 3 (2023): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-03/page/12/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.66", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.66/2020.66_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "611", "filesize": "160933", "filename": "2020.66_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.66/2020.66_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2308", "filesize": "1618610", "filename": "2020.66_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.66/2020.66_full.tif", "width": "13805", "height": "9372", "filesize": "388173788", "filename": "2020.66_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2022-01-20T11:12:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "642", "filesize": "205239"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2426", "filesize": "2102108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8147", "height": "5814", "filesize": "142127076"}}, {"date_created": "2022-01-20T11:07:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "606", "filesize": "171707"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2291", "filesize": "1962897"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8036", "height": "5416", "filesize": "130597204"}}, {"date_created": "2023-05-10T10:15:57", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "611", "filesize": "190809"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt2_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}}, {"date_created": "2022-01-20T11:15:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "638", "filesize": "230022"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2409", "filesize": "2669211"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13452", "height": "9533", "filesize": "384743460"}}, {"date_created": "2022-01-20T11:17:13", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "318830"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5307642"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.66/2020.66_alt4_full.tif", "width": "14196", "height": "10646", "filesize": "453419580"}}], "creditline": "L. 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A title page and nine plates depict the imagined lives and economy of moon dwellers. These include modes of transport such as large birds and sailboats propelled by giant bellows, enormous scissors for capturing wild beasts (including an oversized rat), and the use of giant pumpkins as fishing boats and as dwellings. Representations of the moon dwellers are based on inaccurate and imaginary European interpretations of Asian, Ottoman, and Native American cultures\u2014called chinoiserie and turquerie\u2014that permeated the decorative and visual arts of the period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118144871"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.19.3-a-new-device-to-clea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "McColley, Grant, \u201cThe Three Editions of Filippo Morghen\u2019s Raccolta,\u201d The Art Bulletin (Mar., 1937).", "page_number": "Vol. 19, No. 1: pp. 112-118.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Ian and Kim Sloan. 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Filippo Morghen (Italian, 1730\u2013after 1807), possibly after Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Ho\u00fcel (French, 1735\u20131813). Etching; image and plate: 27.8 x 38.1 cm (10 15/16 x 15 in.); sheet: 42 x 53.1 cm (16 9/16 x 20 7/8 in.). 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A title page and nine plates depict the imagined lives and economy of moon dwellers. These include modes of transport such as large birds and sailboats propelled by giant bellows, enormous scissors for capturing wild beasts (including an oversized rat), and the use of giant pumpkins as fishing boats and as dwellings. Representations of the moon dwellers are based on inaccurate and imaginary European interpretations of Asian, Ottoman, and Native American cultures\u2014called chinoiserie and turquerie\u2014that permeated the decorative and visual arts of the period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118144877"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.19.6-the-manner-of-transp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "McColley, Grant, \u201cThe Three Editions of Filippo Morghen\u2019s Raccolta,\u201d The Art Bulletin (Mar., 1937).", "page_number": "Vol. 19, No. 1: pp. 112-118.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Ian and Kim Sloan. 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Clodion (French, 1738\u20131814). Terracotta; overall: 42.2 x 12.8 x 15.3 cm (16 5/8 x 5 1/16 x 6 in.); without base: 35.3 cm (13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.131", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Child Carrying Fruit and Flowers", "creation_date": "18th-early 19th century", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1814, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 42.2 x 12.8 x 15.3 cm (16 5/8 x 5 1/16 x 6 in.); without base: 35.3 cm (13 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.422, "width": 0.128, "depth": 0.153}, "without base": {"height": 0.353}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: \"Clodion\"; signature incised on back in the terracotta", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY, 1913-1916.", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Eug\u00e8ne Tondu (Paris, France) (sold, Paris, April 3, 1865, lot. no. 206)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sir Thomas Gibson Carmichael, Bart., Castle Craig, Scotland, sold at Christie, Manson and Woods", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1902", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie, Manson and Woods, London, England, May 12-13, 1902, lot no. 257, to Durlacher Brothers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 12-13, 1902", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Durlacher Brothers, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1902-", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "J. Pierpont Morgan (1837\u20131913), New York, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss [Mrs. Francis Fleury Prentiss] (1865\u20131944), Cleveland, OH, upon her death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1944", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Estate of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1944", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "French sculptor Claude Michel, called Clodion, frequently depicts children in his sculpture, in this case a convincing toddler, from her pout to her plump toes. The piece is constructed in terracotta, a common medium for Clodion. After firing, the unglazed color of the clay can vary widely; each of Clodion's statues has a slightly different hue. The figure has sustained a number of damages, but has recently been cleaned and repaired.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750164"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.131-child-carrying-fruit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [52], Plate XXII, cat. no. 38; Mentioned: p. 55, cat. no. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"French Furniture and Sculpture.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 6 (June 1944): 91-92, 101.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141133"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. 1986.", "page_number": "p. 219", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.131", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.131/1944.131_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "252623", "filename": "1944.131_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.131/1944.131_print.jpg", "width": "2229", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4035382", "filename": "1944.131_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.131/1944.131_full.tif", "width": "3957", "height": "6037", "filesize": "71700984", "filename": "1944.131_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-05-19T14:08:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "547", "height": "893", "filesize": "252166"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2081", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3836569"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3554", "height": "5807", "filesize": "61950036"}}, {"date_created": "2008-05-19T14:20:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "560", "height": "893", "filesize": "254647"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2134", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4006698"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3663", "height": "5837", "filesize": "64178736"}}, {"date_created": "2008-05-19T14:31:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "555", "height": "893", "filesize": "247071"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2112", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4073600"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.131/1944.131_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3655", "height": "5885", "filesize": "64563876"}}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123537, "creators": [{"id": 8537, "description": "Clodion (French, 1738\u20131814)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1814", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "18th-early 19th century", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Little Girl Carrying Flowers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 14:33:56.653000"}, {"id": 128055, "accession_number": "1950.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Lovers, c. 1740. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710), Johann Friedrich Eberlein (German, 1696\u20131749). Porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 15.3 x 15.3 cm (6 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Judge Irwin Untermyer, 1950.79", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "The Lovers", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Germany, Meissen, 18th century"], "technique": "porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.3 x 15.3 cm (6 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.153, "width": 0.153}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Judge Irwin Untermyer, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Though closely related to the style of modeling developed at Meissen by Kaendler, this group was executed by his chief assistant, Eberlein. The intense colors of the figural decorations are characteristic of Meissen production before about 1750.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762485"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.79-the-lovers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 306", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n61"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n175"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n175"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.79/1950.79_web.jpg", "width": "835", "height": "893", "filesize": "399690", "filename": "1950.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.79/1950.79_print.jpg", "width": "3180", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5647195", "filename": "1950.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.79/1950.79_full.tif", "width": "3354", "height": "3586", "filesize": "36122228", "filename": "1950.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-01-29T15:31:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.79/1950.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "965", "height": "893", "filesize": "446841"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.79/1950.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3145", "filesize": "5323631"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.79/1950.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3435", "height": "3177", "filesize": "32777060"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Judge Irwin Untermyer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128055, "creators": [{"id": 11685, "description": "Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "the first and for half a century the best in Europe. It set a high standard which was emulated everywhere, even in China. Founded in 1710 as the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufacture by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, at Meissen, near Dresden.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1710", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 12083, "description": "Johann Friedrich Eberlein (German, 1696\u20131749)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "modeled by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1749", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:48.524000"}, {"id": 145421, "accession_number": "1970.71.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums (\u5b50\u72ac\u306b\u96c0\u3001\u83ca\u56f3), c. 1792\u201394. Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799). Fusuma panel remounted as a hanging scroll; ink and slight color on paper; overall: 211.4 x 94 cm (83 1/4 x 37 in.); painted surface: 167.6 x 91.5 cm (66 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.71.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Puppies, Sparrows, and Chrysanthemums", "title_in_original_language": "\u5b50\u72ac\u306b\u96c0\u3001\u83ca\u56f3", "creation_date": "c. 1792\u201394", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Fusuma panel remounted as a hanging scroll; ink and slight color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 211.4 x 94 cm (83 1/4 x 37 in.); Painted surface: 167.6 x 91.5 cm (66 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.114, "width": 0.94}, "painted surface": {"height": 1.676, "width": 0.915}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature and seal of artist upper left", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "Year in Review: 1970. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 236). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 24, 2013-July 21, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-24T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Setsu Gatodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "These paintings were originally mounted as sliding doors (fusuma) used inside a building. The circular areas on the paintings\u2019 paper surfaces are traces of the former positions of the door pulls (hikite). A flock of sparrows gathers on a trellis supporting flowering chrysanthemum. Below is a litter of puppies, some cavorting, others napping. The tender story created by the curious puppy peering up and tilting its head to listen to the bird\u2019s insistent call in the leftmost part of the composition is characteristic of Nagasawa Rosetsu\u2019s paintings, which often use animals to illustrate the human condition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471090"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.71.1-puppies-sparrows-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 127, p. 69; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.71.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_web.jpg", "width": "493", "height": "900", "filesize": "116675", "filename": "1970.71.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_print.jpg", "width": "1864", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1129904", "filename": "1970.71.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_full.tif", "width": "4285", "height": "7816", "filesize": "100503816", "filename": "1970.71.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "461", "height": "900", "filesize": "55843"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1049", "height": "2048", "filesize": "357643"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1049", "height": "2048", "filesize": "373452"}}, {"date_created": "2015-02-13T11:36:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "426", "height": "900", "filesize": "97483"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1609", "height": "3400", "filesize": "889086"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3705", "height": "7829", "filesize": "87048360"}}, {"date_created": "2015-02-13T11:53:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "777", "filesize": "191819"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2934", "filesize": "2015129"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6953", "height": "6000", "filesize": "125185620"}}, {"date_created": "2015-02-13T11:59:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "443", "height": "900", "filesize": "94185"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1673", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1040944"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1970.71.1/1970.71.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3193", "height": "6488", "filesize": "62176928"}}], "creditline": "John L. 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Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Silksatin weave; metal thread weft; average: 257.2 x 67.3 cm (101 1/4 x 26 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1916.11", "current_location": null, "title": "Sumib\u014dshi", "title_in_original_language": "\u89d2\u5e3d\u5b50", "creation_date": "1800\u20131850", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "silksatin weave; metal thread weft", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Average: 257.2 x 67.3 cm (101 1/4 x 26 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"average": {"height": 2.572, "width": 0.673}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. 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Mansfield Art Center, Mansfield, OH (organizer) (March 25-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yamanaka and Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The design on this hat is meant to resemble metal hanging ornaments adorning the interiors of Japanese Buddhist temples.", "description": "Sumib\u014dshi literally means \"hat with corners\" in Japanese, and refers to the square shape made when this textile hat is tied on the head. Actors playing the roles of religious figures in N\u014d theater often wear this kind of cap. It derives from Buddhist vestments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79476605"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.11-sumiboshi"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.11", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.11/1916.11_web.jpg", "width": "375", "height": "893", "filesize": "254071", "filename": "1916.11_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.11/1916.11_print.jpg", "width": "1427", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3586824", "filename": "1916.11_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.11/1916.11_full.tif", "width": "2168", "height": "5164", "filesize": "33619148", "filename": "1916.11_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-04-11T17:41:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.11/1916.11_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "893", "filesize": "261419"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.11/1916.11_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2222", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4270066"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.11/1916.11_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2842", "height": "4349", "filesize": "37109900"}}], "creditline": "Worcester R. Warner Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95332, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-03-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800\u20131850", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Headdress (Dzu-Kin)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:50.971000"}, {"id": 96568, "accession_number": "1916.313", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chatelaine and Case (\u00c9tui), c. 1770. England, 18th century. Gray agate mounted in gilt metal; overall: 18.1 cm (7 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.313", "current_location": null, "title": "Chatelaine and Case (\u00c9tui)", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gray agate mounted in gilt metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 18.1 cm (7 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.181}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857-1926] and Ellen Garretson Wade [1859-1917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Stored inside this case are grooming and writing instruments such as a clasp knife, scissors, an ivory tablet, a pencil, a threading needle used for lacing corsets, and an ear scoop.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Especially popular were \u00e9tuis, small ornamented cases containing miniature sewing, writing, or grooming implements that hung at a woman\u2019s waist from an ornate clasp, known as a chatelaine. Despite its glittering surface, this small expensive set disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or the shop where it was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79479681"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.313-chatelaine-and-case"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.313", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313/1916.313_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "900", "filesize": "148320", "filename": "1916.313_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313/1916.313_print.jpg", "width": "2386", "height": "3400", "filesize": "760048", "filename": "1916.313_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313/1916.313_full.tif", "width": "8231", "height": "11731", "filesize": "289698264", "filename": "1916.313_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-01-15T22:03:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.313/1916.313_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "548", "height": "900", "filesize": "144491"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.313/1916.313_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2072", "height": "3400", "filesize": "738388"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.313/1916.313_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6496", "height": "10658", "filesize": "207727856"}}, {"date_created": "2020-01-16T16:57:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.313/1916.313_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "787", "height": "900", "filesize": "215678"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.313/1916.313_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2974", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2034511"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.313/1916.313_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8338", "height": "9532", "filesize": "238459552"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96568, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:04.294000"}, {"id": 96890, "accession_number": "1916.588", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Box, 1749\u201350. France, 18th century. Silver gilt and enamel; overall: 6.4 x 8.6 cm (2 1/2 x 3 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.588", "current_location": null, "title": "Box", "creation_date": "1749\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1749, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Overall: 6.4 x 8.6 cm (2 1/2 x 3 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.064, "width": 0.086}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The flower petals on the box lid are raised, an effect produced by drops of transparent enamel placed on the box\u2019s surface that imitates polished gemstones or pearls.", "description": "Chinoiserie in 18th-century France incorporated imitations of East Asian motifs, designs, and ornaments into European art. These imitations were often distorted by the European imagination and were not accurate representations of the cultures from which they drew inspiration. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857-1926] and Ellen Garretson Wade [1859-1917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This small, elaborate box held snuff, a form of powdered tobacco that was inhaled in tiny amounts.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects, like this snuff box, were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold or stone mines, tobacco farms, or shops where these goods were made. Like cotton, sugar, and tea, snuff came from British colonies in America, India, and the Caribbean, where enslaved people were exploited to grow these crops under extremely harsh conditions. Slavery was not abolished in much of the British Empire until 1833. Britain and other European nations continued to pursue colonialism with a sense of superiority that found its way into all aspects of life, including decorative objects glorifying their conquests.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79480681"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.617-snuff-box"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.617", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.617/1916.617_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "129194", "filename": "1916.617_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.617/1916.617_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2180", "filesize": "1122194", "filename": "1916.617_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.617/1916.617_full.tif", "width": "5257", "height": "3371", "filesize": "53192400", "filename": "1916.617_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-12-02T11:50:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "726", "filesize": "197751"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2742", "filesize": "1929393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5567", "height": "4489", "filesize": "75001640"}}, {"date_created": "2014-12-02T13:12:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "736", "filesize": "221056"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2780", "filesize": "2185203"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5298", "height": "4332", "filesize": "68885180"}}, {"date_created": "2014-12-02T13:23:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "578", "filesize": "118266"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2182", "filesize": "1058644"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5262", "height": "3377", "filesize": "53337856"}}, {"date_created": "2014-12-02T13:25:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "494", "filesize": "112282"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1868", "filesize": "979694"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5361", "height": "2946", "filesize": "47408672"}}, {"date_created": "2014-12-02T13:28:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "540", "filesize": "116025"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2040", "filesize": "1061330"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4505", "height": "2703", "filesize": "36558972"}}, {"date_created": "2014-12-02T13:29:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "545", "filesize": "116847"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2058", "filesize": "1060842"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.617/1916.617_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4442", "height": "2689", "filesize": "35861668"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96923, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:11.004000"}, {"id": 117769, "accession_number": "1938.388.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Studies of Hands Playing Instruments (verso), 1723\u201327. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black chalk; sheet: 42.6 x 56.3 cm (16 3/4 x 22 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.388.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Studies of Hands Playing Instruments (verso)", "creation_date": "1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1727, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 42.6 x 56.3 cm (16 3/4 x 22 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.426, "width": 0.563}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in red chalk: 17 [sideways] ; lower right, in graphite: Piazzetta\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "cma 1941b; Cambridge 1948; Oberlin 1951, 54, no. 12; cma 1958-59; cma 1959-60a; cma 1965b; Cleveland 1980, 54, fig. 63, 56; cma 1981c; cma 1983f; Washington 1983-84, 9, 24, 68, no. 15; cma 1986-87b; London/Washington 1994-95, 166, 480, no. 87.", "opening_date": "1941-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Italico Brass, Venice].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Venetian blue paper (carta azzurra) of this sheet was the preferred medium for preparatory drawings among artists in Venice at the time this drawing was made.", "description": "This drawing was completed in preparation for the most prestigious religious commission of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta\u2019s career, the ceiling painting of the Glory of St. Dominic for the church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. Both the finished painting, which depicts St. Dominic\u2019s arrival in heaven amid a thundery vortex, and Piazzetta\u2019s study for the angel, who carries St. Dominic on a cloud, depart from Venetian tradition. To execute this airborne subject, he likely drew from wax or clay models suspended in midair in order to study the illusionistic di sotto in su (from below to above) perspective and the play of light found on the angel\u2019s shadowed form. He worked out the angel\u2019s twisting pose, imbuing it with a lively sense of movement, and accentuated the drapery\u2019s folds with heavy lines as though considering their visibility from afar. There are only slight changes in the angel\u2019s pose between this drawing and the completed painting. As few of Piazzetta\u2019s preparatory studies for paintings exist, Cleveland\u2019s sheet offers rare insight to the artist\u2019s working methods.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012481"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.388.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.b/1938.388.b_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "203677", "filename": "1938.388.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.b/1938.388.b_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3799650", "filename": "1938.388.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.b/1938.388.b_full.tif", "width": "9522", "height": "12439", "filesize": "355360574", "filename": "1938.388.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2025-01-22T14:49:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.b/1938.388.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "265766"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.b/1938.388.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4664857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1938.388.b/1938.388.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9522", "height": "12439", "filesize": "355361634"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117769, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1938.388", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Studies of Hands Playing a Lute"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:51.871000"}, {"id": 120821, "accession_number": "1941.547", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Aeneas in the Underworld, Design for a Fan, after 1730. Follower of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Watercolor and gouache; sheet: 27.2 x 54.8 cm (10 11/16 x 21 9/16 in.); secondary support: 35.2 x 64.7 cm (13 7/8 x 25 1/2 in.); tertiary support: 35.2 x 64.7 cm (13 7/8 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Otto Miller, 1941.547", "current_location": null, "title": "Aeneas in the Underworld, Design for a Fan", "creation_date": "after 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor and gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper, laid down on two pieces (joined) of brown laid paper, laid down on a tertiary support of cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 27.2 x 54.8 cm (10 11/16 x 21 9/16 in.); Secondary Support: 35.2 x 64.7 cm (13 7/8 x 25 1/2 in.); Tertiary Support: 35.2 x 64.7 cm (13 7/8 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.272, "width": 0.548}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.352, "width": 0.647}, "tertiary support": {"height": 0.352, "width": 0.647}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311482, "title": "Fans: East and West", "description": "Fans: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 15, 1992-March 7, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Otto Miller, Cleveland Heights, OH, given to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131941", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 5, 1941\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The 1700s is often considered to be a golden age of fan design.", "description": "Both practical and fashionable, fans were essential accessories for elite European women in the 1700s. Often decorated with elaborate motifs, a fan could reveal information about its wearer. It might expose a woman\u2019s artistic or literary tastes, divulge her politics, or disclose her knowledge of current cultural conversations. The design seen here represents an episode from The Aeneid, a Latin epic poem, suggesting the owner\u2019s interest in recent translations of classical poetry. It could also operate as a metaphor for the Enlightenment: seen entering a cave at right, the hero, Aeneas, travels through the underworld where he faces harrowing challenges and converses with the dead before emerging newly enlightened and victorious.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016460"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.547-sketch-for-the-aenei", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.547-aeneas-in-the-underw"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.547", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.547/1941.547_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "639", "filesize": "107875", "filename": "1941.547_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.547/1941.547_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1720", "filesize": "645178", "filename": "1941.547_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.547/1941.547_full.tif", "width": "5283", "height": "2674", "filesize": "42408080", "filename": "1941.547_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Otto Miller", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120821, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "follower of", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "after 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:08.458000"}, {"id": 134853, "accession_number": "1957.408", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re) with Portrait of Marie Antoinette, 1768. Manufactured by Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois-Mathis de Beaulieu (French), miniatures by Fran\u00e7ois Dumont (French, 1751\u20131831). Watercolor on ivory in a gold and enamel box; image: 3.4 x 2.9 cm (1 5/16 x 1 1/8 in.); overall: 3.9 x 6 cm (1 9/16 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene, 1957.408", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re) with Portrait of Marie Antoinette", "creation_date": "1768", "creation_date_earliest": 1768, "creation_date_latest": 1768, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold and enamel box", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Image: 3.4 x 2.9 cm (1 5/16 x 1 1/8 in.); Overall: 3.9 x 6 cm (1 9/16 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.034, "width": 0.029}, "overall": {"height": 0.039, "width": 0.06, "length": 0.082}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker's mark of Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois-Mathis de Beaulieu, master goldsmith in 1768, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark of Jean-Jacques Pr\u00e9vot, 1762-1768, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark of Paris, 1768-1769, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Julien Alaterre, Paris, 1768-1774, on neck at right]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Inside box, the letter]: \"F\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On bezel at left, engraved number]: \"627\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On front of bezel, engraved signature]: \"Ve Georges Beaulieu \u00e0 Paris\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On right of miniature portrait, the letter]: \"D\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Edward B. Greene, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Marie Antoinette, queen consort of French King Louis XVI and great patron of the decorative arts, was executed in 1793 at the end of the French Revolution.", "description": "This box was created through the collaboration of two skilled and well-known artisans of the period, master goldsmith Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois-Mathis de Beaulieu and celebrated miniature painter Fran\u00e7ois Dumont. The portrait of Marie Antoinette on the box's lid is painted in Dumont\u2019s own style while those on the sides and bottom of the box take inspiration from the work of painter Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, known for his pastoral scenes in the Rococo style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80027554"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.408-snuff-box-tabatiere"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.408", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.408/1957.408_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "636", "filesize": "152084", "filename": "1957.408_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.408/1957.408_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2402", "filesize": "1489888", "filename": "1957.408_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.408/1957.408_full.tif", "width": "4129", "height": "2917", 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhib.: CMA 1965: \"Year in Review 1965.\" Bull., LII (Nov. 1965), p. 153, cat. #67", "opening_date": "1965-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Villeroy porcelain factory, established by Fran\u00e7ois Barbin, was only in production for 11 years before it relocated to Mennecy in 1750.", "description": "As European porcelain production advanced, factories borrowed designs and techniques from one another in order to remain competitive in the porcelain market. This early cup is decorated with a border pattern with a draped effect, often referred to as lambrequin, typical of the Saint-Cloud porcelain factory. The blue and white underglaze attempts to emulate the colors characteristic in imported Chinese porcelain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040764"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.506-cup-tasse"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.506", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.506/1964.506_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "43951", "filename": "1964.506_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.506/1964.506_print.jpg", "width": "2626", "height": "3400", "filesize": "548893", "filename": "1964.506_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.506/1964.506_full.tif", "width": "2375", "height": "3074", "filesize": "21925824", "filename": "1964.506_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141279, "creators": [{"id": 452186, "description": "Villeroy Factory", "extent": null, "qualifier": "probably by", "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1732, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1737", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:20.962000"}, {"id": 141304, "accession_number": "1964.521", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cup and Saucer (Gobelet et soucoupe enfonc\u00e9e), 1767. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Nicolas Bulidon (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; overall: 8.6 cm (3 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.521", "current_location": null, "title": "Cup and Saucer (Gobelet et soucoupe enfonc\u00e9e)", "creation_date": "1767", "creation_date_earliest": 1767, "creation_date_latest": 1767, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 8.6 cm (3 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.086}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Saucer: script letter for Leopold Weydinger]: \"g\"; \"x\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Cup: script for Nicolas Bulidon]: \"B.n\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Cup: Incised script]: \"l\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445212, "title": "Geometric Forms in Art", "description": "Geometric Forms in Art. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 11-May 12, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-02-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This cup\u2019s socketed saucer would have helped a user keep a drink steady.", "description": "Madame de Pompadour, great patron of S\u00e8vres porcelain and official mistress of Louis XV, was the first to purchase a cup and saucer of this design in 1762. In the late 1760s and 1770s, this design was purchased primarily by members of the royal family or court including Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, the countess of Choiseul, and Madame du Barry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040831"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.521-cup-and-saucer-gobel"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.521", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.521/1964.521_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "707", "filesize": "161138", "filename": "1964.521_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.521/1964.521_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2671", "filesize": "942342", "filename": "1964.521_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.521/1964.521_full.tif", "width": "8393", "height": "6593", "filesize": "166032040", "filename": "1964.521_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141304, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 19443, "description": "Nicolas Bulidon (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "painter", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1767, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1767", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:50.609000"}, {"id": 143651, "accession_number": "1968.106", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A saddled horse, c. 1750. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera on paper; overall: 24.5 x 21.5 cm (9 5/8 x 8 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Folio Club, 1968.106", "current_location": null, "title": "A saddled horse", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Overall: 24.5 x 21.5 cm (9 5/8 x 8 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.245, "width": 0.215}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445634, "title": "Wooster College Exhibition", "description": "Wooster College Exhibition. The College of Wooster Art Museum, Wooster, OH (organizer) (April 5-27, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "White pigment was used to cover lines that the artist considered to be less than perfect.", "description": "Horses were important components in royal portraiture, processions, ragamalas (series of images pertaining to verses that correspond to musical systems), and narrative scenes. Pahari artists perfected their ability to depict horses by sketching with brush and black pigment on handmade paper.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80044007"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.106-a-saddled-horse"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.106", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.106/1968.106_web.jpg", "width": "818", "height": "900", "filesize": "256645", "filename": "1968.106_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.106/1968.106_print.jpg", "width": "3090", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3624271", "filename": "1968.106_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.106/1968.106_full.tif", "width": "5413", "height": "5957", "filesize": "96766920", "filename": "1968.106_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Folio Club", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143651, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-06-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:18.202000"}, {"id": 144082, "accession_number": "1968.42", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Falcon, c. 1770. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 27.6 x 16 cm (10 7/8 x 6 5/16 in.); overall: 31.6 x 19.8 cm (12 7/16 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1968.42", "current_location": null, "title": "Falcon", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 27.6 x 16 cm (10 7/8 x 6 5/16 in.); Overall: 31.6 x 19.8 cm (12 7/16 x 7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.276, "width": 0.16}, "overall": {"height": 0.316, "width": 0.198}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "Year in Review for 1968. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Indian artists used white-out, white paint, to cover mistakes and make changes.", "description": "The imperial Mughal practice of keeping portraits of animals was adopted by art patrons and collectors in small states and kingdoms under the umbrella of the Mughals. Falconry, the sport of hunting small game with a bird of prey, was a popular activity among the highest ranks of Mughal royalty. The falcon depicted in this painting appears to be a peregrine. Cords with bells keep the trained hunting bird tethered to its roost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470111"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.42-falcon"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.42", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.42/1968.42_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "893", "filesize": "109731", "filename": "1968.42_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.42/1968.42_print.jpg", "width": "2205", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1604205", "filename": "1968.42_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.42/1968.42_full.tif", "width": "5145", "height": "7931", "filesize": "122441556", "filename": "1968.42_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-01-13T16:11:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.42/1968.42_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "439029"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.42/1968.42_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5223166"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.42/1968.42_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3273", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49115236"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.42/1968.42_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "432487"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.42/1968.42_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5044467"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1968.42/1968.42_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3273", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49115180"}}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144082, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:53.325000"}, {"id": 144657, "accession_number": "1969.28.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sketches of Heads (verso, left); Two Women (verso, right), c. 1770\u201375. John Brown (British, 1752\u20131787). Left: graphite; right: gray and black wash with point of brush and graphite; sheet: 25.7 x 18.6 cm (10 1/8 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1969.28.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Sketches of Heads (verso, left); Two Women (verso, right)", "creation_date": "c. 1770\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "left: graphite; right: gray and black wash with point of brush and graphite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.7 x 18.6 cm (10 1/8 x 7 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.257, "width": 0.186}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 443540, "title": "The Poetical Circle: Fuseli and the British", "description": "The Poetical Circle: Fuseli and the British. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (April 24-May 27, 1979); Queensland Art Gallery/Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane, Austria (June 5-July 29, 1979); Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (organizer) (September 1-27, 1979); Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand (October 24-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Brown meant for the dark background of this drawing to evoke the potential danger of Italian nights; the writer Johann Joachim Winckelmann had been murdered in Trieste in 1768, in the most conspicuous example of the period's widespread violence.", "description": "John Brown is known for a small group of monochromatic drawings imbued with sinister overtones. At the age of 20, the Scottish artist traveled to Italy where he spent the next 12 years. This drawing exemplifies his Roman street scenes which often depict women dressed in spectacular, billowing costumes. Here, a figure with bare ankles and plunging d\u00e9colletage is surrounded by a crowd of men who leer at her. The reverse of the sketchbook sheet includes two independent drawings: a study of faces in fierce and intense expressions, and a pair of women wearing swirling gowns. One figure raises her hand in a mysterious gesture, either beckoning or forewarning the viewer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922120"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.28.b-sketches-of-heads-ve"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.28.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_web.jpg", "width": "1244", "height": "893", "filesize": "166880", "filename": "1969.28.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2441", "filesize": "1358337", "filename": "1969.28.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_full.tif", "width": "6200", "height": "4453", "filesize": "82862432", "filename": "1969.28.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "878", "filesize": "812757"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1423", "filesize": "2184144"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1423", "filesize": "8745940"}}, {"date_created": "2012-06-13T14:22:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "892", "filesize": "175894"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2402", "filesize": "1381834"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.28.b/1969.28.b_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6128", "height": "4331", "filesize": "79655044"}}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144657, "creators": [{"id": 1307, "description": "John Brown (British, 1752\u20131787)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1752", "death_year": "1787", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1969.28", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:13.074000"}, {"id": 151376, "accession_number": "1983.216", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait Miniature of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765), c. 1755. Simon Fran\u00e7ois Ravenet (French, 1706\u20131774). Enamel; framed: 10.4 x 8.3 cm (4 1/8 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 8.8 x 7 cm (3 7/16 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund, 1983.216", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait Miniature of Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1721-1765)", "creation_date": "c. 1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, Battersea, 18th century"], "technique": "enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Framed: 10.4 x 8.3 cm (4 1/8 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 8.8 x 7 cm (3 7/16 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.104, "width": 0.083}, "unframed": {"height": 0.088, "width": 0.07}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed beneath shoulder: RaveneT Ft.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "The Year in Review for 1983. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Winifred Williams, Ltd., London, 1983, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1983", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The lion head depicted on the prince\u2019s shoulder is a symbol of Great Britain.", "description": "This portrait miniature depicts Prince William Augustus, the Duke of Cumberland and the youngest son of King George II. During his lifetime, the prince was greatly admired for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising and defeating Prince Charles at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Accordingly, he is depicted here in profile wearing a steel breastplate or cuirass, a fur cloak, and armor depicting a lion\u2019s head along his shoulder. These characteristics suggest that the work was inspired by a series of medals produced in the mid-1740s celebrating the history of Great Britain and Ireland.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79934793"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.216-portrait-miniature-o"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.216", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.216/1983.216_web.jpg", "width": "786", "height": "900", "filesize": "131974", "filename": "1983.216_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.216/1983.216_print.jpg", "width": "2968", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1423145", "filename": "1983.216_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.216/1983.216_full.tif", "width": "4502", "height": "5157", "filesize": "69679196", "filename": "1983.216_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-01-07T09:37:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.216/1983.216_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "784", "height": "900", "filesize": "111537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.216/1983.216_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2963", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1033618"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1983.216/1983.216_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4519", "height": "5185", "filesize": "70321616"}}], "creditline": "The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151376, "creators": [{"id": 9112, "description": "Simon Fran\u00e7ois Ravenet (French, 1706\u20131774)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "transfer print by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1706", "death_year": "1774", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-12-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:14.985000"}, {"id": 151967, "accession_number": "1984.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cremation of the demon Putana, from a Krishna-Lila, c. 1790. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera on paper; overall: 20.9 x 31.2 cm (8 1/4 x 12 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden Fund, 1984.4", "current_location": null, "title": "Cremation of the demon Putana, from a Krishna-Lila", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 20.9 x 31.2 cm (8 1/4 x 12 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.209, "width": 0.312}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "Year in Review for 1984. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 245). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5-April 27, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie Marco Polo, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131984", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lila means \u201cdivine play\u201d in Sanskrit.", "description": "In the foreground the grotesque oversized corpse of Putana is being cut up with much difficulty by the men of Vraj, the cowherd village where the Hindu god Krishna lived in his infancy and youth. Her forearms and hands are already being conveyed to the massive pyre at the upper left. Krishna\u2019s foster father Nanda, the elder of the village, has come in a bullock cart to survey the situation, putting his finger to his mouth in the gesture of astonishment. At the right, baby Krishna is being bathed as cowherd women look on in shock. Krishna, who was incarnated in order to rid India of a tyrannical king, vanquished a series of his assassins, including Putana. Putana had come to the cowherd village in the form of a beautiful nursemaid with secretly poisoned breasts. When she began to nurse Krishna, instead of being poisoned by her, Krishna sucked the very life out of her, at which point she resumed her true form. Although unfinished, this painting reveals the care the artist took with the drawing and shading of the figures.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475312"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.4-cremation-of-the-dem"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.4/1984.4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "604", "filesize": "243910", "filename": "1984.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.4/1984.4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2282", "filesize": "2627435", "filename": "1984.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.4/1984.4_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "4430", "filesize": "87746124", "filename": "1984.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151967, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-01-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:30.048000"}, {"id": 154327, "accession_number": "1989.103", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mask of an Elder (\ub178\uc778\ud0c8 (\uf934\u4eba\u9762\u5177)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Wood with horsehair; mask: 20.3 x 6.1 cm (8 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1989.103", "current_location": null, "title": "Mask of an Elder", "title_in_original_language": "\ub178\uc778\ud0c8 (\uf934\u4eba\u9762\u5177)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "wood with horsehair", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Mask: 20.3 x 6.1 cm (8 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"mask": {"height": 0.203, "width": 0.061, "length": 0.132}, "overall": {"height": 0.337}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "The Year in Review for 1989. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 6-April 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yanagi Fine Art Shop, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131989", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This wooden mask may have been worn by a dancer who performed an elderly figure for outdoor theatrical dance.", "description": "The traditional Korean mask dance is a form of drama featuring the wearing of masks such as this one, singing and dancing. It was originally a regional term only applied to mask dances traditional to Hwanghae Province. During the Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910), the dance rose to popularity among villagers as a means of self-expression and liberation, often criticizing injustice of society.
Talchum: The Traditional Mask Dance of South Korea South Korea offers a vast array of experiences that are both dynamic and reverent to its rich ancient heritage. With 5,000 years of fascinating history and culture, we offer you the opportunity to encounter Talchum, a traditional mask dance-drama that captures the essence of its Shamanic beliefs in various regions throughout centuries.\ufeff\ufeff Talchum is a traditional Korean mask dance drama. Literally translated to \u201cmask dance,\u201d it displays the people\u2019s close connection with village communities, which had long been the basis of Korean culture and tradition. \ufeff\ufeff Talchum was derived from Shamanic rituals to pray for abundant harvest, peace, prosperity, and protection against evil spirits. As civilization developed, masks gradually evolved from sacred objects used in shamanism to becoming forms of entertainment and expression.In the Joseon period (1392\u20131910), the dance rose to popularity among villagers as a means of self-expression and liberation. Talchum signified the spirit of the oppressed through dance. These masked performances told stories that criticized an unjust society or ruling class, and expressed the people\u2019s desire for a reformed world. The main themes of Talchum include, first, a ritual to drive away evil spirits; second, ridicule of apostate Buddhist monks; third, insult the hypocrisy of noblemen; and fourth, tragedy arising from conflict among spouses and the joys or sorrows of everyday life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79941207"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.103-mask-of-an-elder"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.103", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.103/1989.103_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "893", "filesize": "44238", "filename": "1989.103_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.103/1989.103_print.jpg", "width": "2427", "height": "3400", "filesize": "640228", "filename": "1989.103_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.103/1989.103_full.tif", "width": "4168", "height": "5838", "filesize": "73042288", "filename": "1989.103_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-05-01T18:18:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.103/1989.103_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "50229"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.103/1989.103_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": "795309"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1989.103/1989.103_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4271", "height": "5593", "filesize": "71705324"}}], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154327, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:54.955000"}, {"id": 158152, "accession_number": "1995.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher's Stone, Discovers Phosphorus, and Prays for the Successful Conclusion of his Operation, as was the Custom of the Ancient Chymical Astrologers, 1775. William Pether (British, c. 1738\u20131821), after Joseph Wright of Derby (British, 1734\u20131797). Mezzotint; image: 56.1 x 45.5 cm (22 1/16 x 17 15/16 in.); plate: 58 x 45.6 cm (22 13/16 x 17 15/16 in.); sheet: 64.6 x 50.7 cm (25 7/16 x 19 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Alma and Robert D. Milne Fund, 1995.2", "current_location": null, "title": "The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher's Stone, Discovers Phosphorus, and Prays for the Successful Conclusion of his Operation, as was the Custom of the Ancient Chymical Astrologers", "creation_date": "1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "mezzotint", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Mezzotint", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 56.1 x 45.5 cm (22 1/16 x 17 15/16 in.); Plate: 58 x 45.6 cm (22 13/16 x 17 15/16 in.); Sheet: 64.6 x 50.7 cm (25 7/16 x 19 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.561, "width": 0.455}, "plate": {"height": 0.58, "width": 0.456}, "sheet": {"height": 0.646, "width": 0.507}}, "state_of_the_work": "III/V; I/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Lower left, in plate: Josh, Wright Pinxt.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Lower center, in plate: Published Sepr, 1t, 1775 & sold by WPether in Broad Stt, St James's-", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Lower right, in plate: Wm, Pether fecit.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 188479, "title": "From Rembrandt to Rauschenberg: Recently Acquired Prints", "description": "From Rembrandt to Rauschenberg: Recently Acquired Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Artemis, Ltd., London, England, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131995", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 6, 1995\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Joseph Wright of Derby\u2019s composition was based on the story of Hennig Brand, the German alchemist who accidentally discovered phosphorus in 1676.", "description": "The print\u2019s title and the medieval-looking interior filled with instruments identify the kneeling figure as an alchemist, someone who seeks the philosopher\u2019s stone, a mythic substance that was thought to transform ordinary metals into gold and reverse the aging process. Here, the alchemist\u2019s experiments accidentally lead him to discover the chemical element phosphorus, seen glowing in the flask before him. In choosing this moment of illumination, the artist crafted a potent allegory of the Enlightenment in which the creative force of imagination becomes true knowledge through reason and observation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79975911"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.2-the-alchymist-in-sea"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Clayton 163; Chaloner Smith 44; Cora 39", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.2/1995.2_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "900", "filesize": "185362", "filename": "1995.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.2/1995.2_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2029212", "filename": "1995.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.2/1995.2_full.tif", "width": "5106", "height": "6481", "filesize": "99307612", "filename": "1995.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-12-20T14:21:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.2/1995.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "893", "filesize": "357768"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.2/1995.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2709", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5545688"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.2/1995.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4669", "height": "5860", "filesize": "82114704"}}], "creditline": "Alma and Robert D. Milne Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 158152, "creators": [{"id": 27479, "description": "William Pether (British, c. 1738\u20131821)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 25419, "description": "Joseph Wright of Derby (British, 1734\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1734", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 673517, "description": "William Pether (British (modern), 1728-1821)", "extent": "published by", "qualifier": null, "role": "publisher", "biography": "English painter and engraver, ca. 1738-1821", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1728", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1995-03-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:11.760000"}, {"id": 159420, "accession_number": "1996.229.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Suite of Vases: Plate 14, 1746. Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Saly (French, 1717\u20131776). Etching; platemark: 19 x 12.7 cm (7 1/2 x 5 in.); sheet: 30 x 22.6 cm (11 13/16 x 8 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1996.229.15", "current_location": null, "title": "Suite of Vases: Plate 14", "creation_date": "1746", "creation_date_earliest": 1746, "creation_date_latest": 1746, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "etching", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 19 x 12.7 cm (7 1/2 x 5 in.); Sheet: 30 x 22.6 cm (11 13/16 x 8 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.3, "width": 0.226}, "platemark": {"height": 0.19, "width": 0.127}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 187619, "title": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints", "description": "Inventive Impressions: 18th- and 19-Century French Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 28, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 683420, "title": "In Vino Veritas (In Wine, Truth)", "description": "In Vino Veritas (In Wine, Truth). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2025-January 11, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-09-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Paul McCarron & Susan Schulman, New York, NY, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 3, 1996\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The voluptuous two-tailed mermaid figure in the center of this design may be a nereid. As the undine daughters of Neptune, nereids were often part of Bacchus's entourage in classical mythology.", "description": "Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Joseph Saly created an etched suite of 30 imaginary vase designs while studying in Rome. Throughout the series, he let his skill and imagination run wild on the theme of bacchants by inventively incorporating animals, satyrs, and maenads\u2014as well as faces and grotesques (fantastic figures and beasts)\u2014into various designs. Published in Paris, the series nourished an appetite for the revival of mythological and classical elements in decorative arts, and may have also inspired Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard\u2019s suite of bacchanalia images.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79978966"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.229.15-suite-of-vases-plate"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Guilmard 8", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.229.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.229.15/1996.229.15_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "527688", "filename": "1996.229.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.229.15/1996.229.15_print.jpg", "width": "2360", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7092072", "filename": "1996.229.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.229.15/1996.229.15_full.tif", "width": "3324", "height": "4788", "filesize": "47778788", "filename": "1996.229.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159420, "creators": [{"id": 8718, "description": "Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Saly (French, 1717\u20131776)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1717", "death_year": "1776", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1746, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1746", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1996.229", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:41.241000"}, {"id": 159746, "accession_number": "1997.118", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Divine couple seated in a lotus blossom, early 1800s. Northern India, Pahari Region, Himachal Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Kangra. Gum tempera and gold on paper; sheet: 13.3 x 9 cm (5 1/4 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.118", "current_location": null, "title": "Divine couple seated in a lotus blossom", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1825, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari Region, Himachal Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Kangra"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 13.3 x 9 cm (5 1/4 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.133, "width": 0.09}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. A. Dean Perry [Helen Wade Greene Perry, 1911\u20131996], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131997", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The five-part butter lamp at the lower right is lit with flames, and smoke wafts from the censer.", "description": "A gigantic, thousand-petaled lotus flower provides an intimate setting for the lovers. They sit on the seed pod of another full-blown lotus flower, which indicates their transcendent nature by elevating them from the mire of the earth.
Shown with full face forward in all white, the four-armed male deity has the all-seeing third eye in his brow and holds only a manuscript. The red goddess on his lap grasps a lotus flower in one hand, which communicates her benign and peaceful nature. At the bottom are offerings of flowers, incense, oil lamps, and jeweled cups of pure water or liquor.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477438"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.118-shiva-with-sati-seat", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.118-divine-couple-seated"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.118", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.118/1997.118_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "900", "filesize": "356042", "filename": "1997.118_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.118/1997.118_print.jpg", "width": "2471", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3349233", "filename": "1997.118_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.118/1997.118_full.tif", "width": "7789", "height": "10718", "filesize": "250479009", "filename": "1997.118_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-20T15:38:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.118/1997.118_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "900", "filesize": "245658"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.118/1997.118_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2332", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2513896"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.118/1997.118_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4471", "height": "6518", "filesize": "87459544"}}, {"date_created": "2023-08-16T17:02:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.118/1997.118_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "900", "filesize": "230113"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.118/1997.118_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2471", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2948028"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.118/1997.118_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7789", "height": "10718", "filesize": "250475573"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159746, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vishnu and Lakshmi Seated on a Lotus Blossom", "Shiva and Sati seated in a Lotus Blossom"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:57.918000"}, {"id": 163008, "accession_number": "2003.44", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tree Root, before 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Wood with carved base; with base: 82 cm (32 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of various donors to the department of Asian Art (by exchange), 2003.44", "current_location": null, "title": "Tree Root", "creation_date": "before 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "wood with carved base", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "with base: 82 cm (32 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 0.82}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (G119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29, 2003-February 4, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chinese Gallery Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 6, 2013-February 3, 2020).", "opening_date": "2013-08-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2003", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2003-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Root sculptures are shaped by the inherent nature of the root rather than being carved.", "description": "Here, the twists and turns, ebb and flow of the natural form of the tree root can be interpreted as the energy that gives life and the endless transformations in the universe. The rugged appearance is appreciated for its association with the aesthetic concepts of eccentricity and archaism in Chinese art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755662"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.44-tree-root"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.44", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.44/2003.44_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "343915", "filename": "2003.44_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.44/2003.44_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4647219", "filename": "2003.44_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.44/2003.44_full.tif", "width": "4025", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60393012", "filename": "2003.44_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.44/2003.44_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "340028"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.44/2003.44_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2721", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4587940"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.44/2003.44_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4001", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60032992"}}], "creditline": "Gift of various donors to the department of Asian Art (by exchange)", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163008, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "before 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:02.009000"}, {"id": 163014, "accession_number": "2003.50", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Milk Woman, 1774. Louis-Marin Bonnet (French, 1736\u20131793). Color-pastel\u2013manner etching and engraving with applied gold leaf; image: 28.3 x 23.3 cm (11 1/8 x 9 3/16 in.); sheet: 32.3 x 25.1 cm (12 11/16 x 9 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt Endowment Fund, 2003.50", "current_location": null, "title": "The Milk Woman", "creation_date": "1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "color-pastel\u2013manner etching and engraving with applied gold leaf", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Chalk Manner", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 28.3 x 23.3 cm (11 1/8 x 9 3/16 in.); Sheet: 32.3 x 25.1 cm (12 11/16 x 9 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "width": 0.251}, "image": {"height": 0.283, "width": 0.233}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(August Laube, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132003", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 2, 2003\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The elaborate gold frame surrounding this print was created with some of the same techniques used to gild frames in 1700s.", "description": "This print belongs to a series created by Louis-Marin Bonnet featuring innovative color printing techniques derived from optical science to mimic the pastel drawings and miniature paintings highly sought by collectors. To increase the works\u2019 appeal, the artist also developed a method for printing decorative frames by applying gold leaf. Hoping to evade strict governmental regulations on the uses of gold in France, he passed off his prints as English imports, which he sold at his store Au Magasin Anglois (At the English Shop). Bonnet\u2019s elaborate ruse included English titles, the address of a London printshop, and a pseudonym, L. Marin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79988383"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.50-the-milk-woman"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Le Blanc 439; H\u00e9rold 295", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.50/2003.50_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "522978", "filename": "2003.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.50/2003.50_print.jpg", "width": "2648", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6412759", "filename": "2003.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.50/2003.50_full.tif", "width": "3962", "height": "5087", "filesize": "60497004", "filename": "2003.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.50/2003.50_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "893", "filesize": "524708"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.50/2003.50_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2655", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7870643"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.50/2003.50_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3905", "height": "5000", "filesize": "58595548"}}], "creditline": "Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163014, "creators": [{"id": 8642, "description": "Louis-Marin Bonnet (French, 1736\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1736", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1774, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1774", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:07.233000"}, {"id": 168067, "accession_number": "2009.64", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box, c. 1750\u201360. England, London. Gold-mounted agate, engine-turned panels, hematites. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.64", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "gold-mounted agate, engine-turned panels, hematites", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "National Exhibition of Works in Leeds, 1868.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, H. Hawkins Esq.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private Collection, Edinburgh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard F. 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Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.341.a", "current_location": null, "title": "A Princess on a Terrace with Attendants at Night (recto)", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Farrukhabad, Mughal, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Miniature: 25.4 x 19.7 cm (10 x 7 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.197}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso: six lines of Persian poetry in nast 'aliq calligraphy", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Beauty in Asia. Asian Civilizations Museum, Singapore (May 3-September 23, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-05-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Olsen Collection, Bridgeport, CT, sold to Ralph Benkaim", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950s-1966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "September 1966-2013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rolled-up textiles could be let down to enclose the space of an open pavilion.", "description": "Before a terrace pavilion in the women\u2019s quarters of a palace, a royal woman stretches to show off her figure in accordance with age-old Indian poetic imagery. Female musicians provide entertainment, and attendants hold bottles of wine at the ready. Scenes of enjoyment in sumptuous domestic spaces pervaded the artistic repertoire of the imperial court and regional centers of northern India throughout the late 1700s, following the themes set by the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482153"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.341.a-a-princess-on-a-terr"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.341.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.341.a/2013.341.a_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "900", "filesize": "244861", "filename": "2013.341.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.341.a/2013.341.a_print.jpg", "width": "2622", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2633108", "filename": "2013.341.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.341.a/2013.341.a_full.tif", "width": "5444", "height": "7059", "filesize": "115321080", "filename": "2013.341.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170866, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2013.341", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:52.963000"}, {"id": 314477, "accession_number": "2018.172", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Radha\u2019s Confidante Brings Her to Krishna, based on poetry of Bihari (Indian, 1595\u20131663), c. 1790\u20131800. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 28.3 x 39.4 cm (11 1/8 x 15 1/2 in.); miniature: 21.6 x 31.4 cm (8 1/2 x 12 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.172", "current_location": null, "title": "Radha\u2019s Confidante Brings Her to Krishna, based on poetry of Bihari (Indian, 1595\u20131663)", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131800", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Jaipur"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 28.3 x 39.4 cm (11 1/8 x 15 1/2 in.); Miniature: 21.6 x 31.4 cm (8 1/2 x 12 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.216, "width": 0.314}, "page": {"height": 0.283, "width": 0.394}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[on top margin] chippo chip\u0101 kara chita chato tama sasihara na samh\u0101ri hasatti hasatti cali \u015ba\u015bimukh\u012b mukha ttai ghumghata t\u0101ri. [on bottom margin] yaha n\u0101yak\u0101 madhy\u0101 ko\u1e43 sakh\u012b n\u0101yaka p\u0101si le j\u0101va hai ca\u1e43dram\u0101 chipato dekhi sakh\u012b n\u0101yak\u0101 k\u0101 mukh ko pata duri karai hai ki haimst\u012b haim c\u0101li tere mukha ko prak\u0101sa ho j\u0101yago.", "inscription_translation": "[Sakhi to Nayika] \u201cThe moon is set, the earth is overcast with darkness. Do not feel scared, o moon-faced belle, take off your veil and move onward with a smile on your face.\u201d This Nayika is being lead to the Nayaka by the Sakhi. On seeing the moon hide [behind the clouds] the sakhi removes Nayika\u2019s veil and says \u201cwalk smilingly and the world will light up\u201d", "inscription_remark": "Shailka Mishra version: Inscription: chipyo chipakar chit chaiyo [Radha comes] hiding in the shadows of the buildings [chit means place or earth, here it seems to refer to the palace behind.] tam sasi haran samha ri hasti hasti chali [To signify the time i.e. night, the poet says] The moon glows and takes away the darkness [the word used is haran which means kidnap, so literally the moon kidnaps the darkness (tam)] [And] In this atmosphere (samha) [Radha] is walking joyfully [hasti hasti would mean laughing but here it symbolizes Radha's happiness] shashi mukhi mukh te ghoonghat [Radha's] face is like the moon and it is covered with a veil (ghoonghat) vah nayika madhya ko sakhi nayak pasi le jav hai She is the nayika whom the sakhi slowly leads to the nayak [the hero here, Krishna] chandrama chipto dekhi sakhi nayika ka mukh ko pat duri kare hai On seeing the moon hide [behind the clouds] the sakhi removes the veil from her [Radha's] face ki haesti hain hai chali tere mukh ko prakash ho jayego [And remarks that When you] Smile and walk the world lights up [with the beauty of your smile]\u2026.. Shailka Mishra, April 2012", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311529, "title": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Supernatural Love - Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 1-September 9, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Halos behind the heads of Radha and Krishna suggest their eminence as divine lovers.", "description": "The blue god Krishna has spread a carpet and set up a canopy in a secret grove to create the space for a romantic tryst with his lover Radha. The wine-colored carpet with allover floral patterns match the canopy, and they are Persian in design. The ruler of the Hindu kingdom of Jaipur, who may have commissioned this painting, had an important collection of Persian carpets and textiles.
Wine-and-gold curtains have been unrolled to cover the windows of the house behind Radha and her companion, indicating that she has left the house in secret after it has been closed up for the night.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483287"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.172-radhas-confidante-br"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.172", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.172/2018.172_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "656", "filesize": "292620", "filename": "2018.172_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.172/2018.172_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2477", "filesize": "3065902", "filename": "2018.172_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.172/2018.172_full.tif", "width": "7665", "height": "5584", "filesize": "128445040", "filename": "2018.172_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314477, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Sakhi brings Radha to Krishna", "Radha\u2019s Confidante Brings Her to Krishna"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:31.161000"}, {"id": 314501, "accession_number": "2018.195", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maharaja Shri Anand Singh-ji and His Consort, 1729. Ustad Murad (Indian, active 1700s). Gum tempera, silver, and gold on paper; page: 22.2 x 16.8 cm (8 3/4 x 6 5/8 in.); miniature: 15.2 x 10.8 cm (6 x 4 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.195", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharaja Shri Anand Singh-ji and His Consort", "creation_date": "1729", "creation_date_earliest": 1729, "creation_date_latest": 1729, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Bikaner"], "technique": "Gum tempera, silver, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 22.2 x 16.8 cm (8 3/4 x 6 5/8 in.); Miniature: 15.2 x 10.8 cm (6 x 4 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.222, "width": 0.168}, "miniature": {"height": 0.152, "width": 0.108}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "sab\u012b m\u0101h\u0101r\u0101j\u0101 \u015br\u012b \u0101nada sagaha j\u012b r\u012b ustai mur\u0101da nijara k\u012bv\u012b d\u012bv\u0101l\u012b r\u012b sa\u1e43[vata] 1786 m\u012bt\u012b k\u0101ti suda 1 k\u012bv\u012b \u0101\u1e43h\u0101\u1e43mada r\u012b", "inscription_translation": "Portrait of Maharaja Sri Ananda Singh ji, presented by Ustad Murad on the eve of Diwali, in the year samwat 1786 (1729 AD)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350154, "title": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2019-April 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "20180", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The silver carpet marks the royal window where subjects can come to see him.", "description": "The artist used metallic paint to indicate the sumptuous materials of the carpet covered with roses that marks the place of the royal couple. The king affectionately slings one arm around the shoulders of his queen, who carelessly allows wine to flow out of the bottle. A gigantic indigo-and-gold cushion provides their backdrop, excluding their attendant. The blue and white arabesques in the spandrels\u2014triangular spaces above the arch\u2014point to the couple\u2019s international sophistication; the elite in northwestern India imported blue-and-white Dutch tiles and Chinese porcelain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483402"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.195-maharaja-shri-anand"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.195", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.195/2018.195_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "900", "filesize": "258404", "filename": "2018.195_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.195/2018.195_print.jpg", "width": "2526", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2896683", "filename": "2018.195_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.195/2018.195_full.tif", "width": "5792", "height": "7797", "filesize": "135521068", "filename": "2018.195_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T13:57:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.195/2018.195_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "900", "filesize": "244752"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.195/2018.195_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2552", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2896631"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.195/2018.195_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5539", "height": "7380", "filesize": "122673140"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-23T13:59:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.195/2018.195_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "900", "filesize": "195040"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.195/2018.195_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2554", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2071513"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.195/2018.195_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5594", "height": "7447", "filesize": "125013576"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314501, "creators": [{"id": 315367, "description": "Ustad Murad (Indian, active 1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1729, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1729", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:18.694000"}, {"id": 314503, "accession_number": "2018.197", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maharaja Abhai Singh of Marwar (reigned 1724\u201349), Equestrian, Watching Girls Swinging at the Teej Festival, c. 1740. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Marwar region, Rajput kingdom of Jodhpur, court of Abhai Singh (reigned 1702\u201349). Gum tempera and gold on paper; painting: 29.9 x 19.4 cm (11 3/4 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.197", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharaja Abhai Singh of Marwar (reigned 1724\u201349), Equestrian, Watching Girls Swinging at the Teej Festival", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Marwar region, Rajput kingdom of Jodhpur, court of Abhai Singh (reigned 1702\u201349)"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 29.9 x 19.4 cm (11 3/4 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.299, "width": 0.194}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "16. m\u0101r\u0101ja \u015br\u012b abhai si\u1e43gha j\u012b", "inscription_translation": "[Number] 16. Maharaja Abhai Singh Ji", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 536104, "title": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers", "description": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23, 2023-February 4, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A group of horses can be seen bathing in the pond.", "description": "The festival of Teej is celebrated primarily by women in northern India and Nepal. The women sing and dance to welcome the monsoon season and observe fasts for the long life of their husbands. In the painting, two women can be seen playfully swinging on a tree branch while a group of women cheer for them.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483447"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.197-maharaja-abhai-singh"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.197", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.197/2018.197_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "900", "filesize": "266527", "filename": "2018.197_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.197/2018.197_print.jpg", "width": "2205", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2971829", "filename": "2018.197_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.197/2018.197_full.tif", "width": "5347", "height": "8243", "filesize": "132266572", "filename": "2018.197_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-26T13:50:52.017000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.197/2018.197_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "900", "filesize": "172694"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.197/2018.197_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2199811"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.197/2018.197_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5397", "height": "8244", "filesize": "133515020"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314503, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Equestrian Abhai Singh watching girls swinging at the Teej festival", "Maharaja Abhai Singh, Equestrian, Watching Girls Swinging at the Teej Festival"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:05.963000"}, {"id": 170258, "accession_number": "2012.43.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Desk , c. 1780\u201395. Attributed to John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809). \"Plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass; overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.); bottom: 121.9 x 107.9 x 36.5 cm (48 x 42 1/2 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper, 2012.43.a", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Desk ", "creation_date": "c. 1780\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Rhode Island, Newport, 18th century"], "technique": "\"Plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.); Bottom: 121.9 x 107.9 x 36.5 cm (48 x 42 1/2 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.4, "width": 1.08, "depth": 0.648}, "bottom": {"height": 1.219, "width": 1.079, "depth": 0.365}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Original commission by Oliver Wolcott, Sr (Signer of the Declaration of Independence)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Thence by descent through the Wolcott, Tuckerman, Minturn, Draper families to the Present Owner", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2012-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of Connecticut.", "description": "In the 1700s, Newport, Rhode Island, was the fifth largest city in North America and one of the most important centers of shipping and trade along the Eastern Seaboard. Orders for furniture from its celebrated cabinetmakers came in from far and wide. This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of the State of Connecticut. Eventually, the desk passed down through his family to Dorothy Draper, an important 20th-century interior decorator, and ultimately to her daughter, Penelope Draper Buchanan, whose husband gave it to the museum after her death\u2014a rare, unbroken line of succession.
Large desks were designed to hold all the necessary components of a gentleman\u2019s office under lock and key: books, papers, pens and ink, and important documents. To serve such a function desks also became complicated masterworks of the cabinetmaker\u2019s art, incorporating many parts from small drawers to large panels cut from a single tree, making them among the most expensive types of furniture available. This desk and bookcase exhibits the characteristic traits of classic Newport furniture\u2014\u201cplum pudding\u201d mahogany, cupcake-like finials, and a carved shell on the inside of the desk.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758238"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.43.a", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 170258, "creators": [{"id": 63187, "description": "John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2012.43", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:14.443000"}, {"id": 170259, "accession_number": "2012.43.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bookcase, c. 1780\u20131795. Attributed to John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809). \"plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass; overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.); top: 107.4 x 113.3 x 64.5 cm (42 5/16 x 44 5/8 x 25 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper, 2012.43.b", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Bookcase", "creation_date": "c. 1780\u20131795", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Rhode Island, Newport, 18th century"], "technique": "\"plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.); Top: 107.4 x 113.3 x 64.5 cm (42 5/16 x 44 5/8 x 25 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.4, "width": 1.08, "depth": 0.648}, "top": {"height": 1.074, "width": 1.133, "depth": 0.645}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Original commission by Oliver Wolcott, Sr (Signer of the Declaration of Independence)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Thence by descent through the Wolcott, Tuckerman, Minturn, Draper families to the Present Owner", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2012-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of Connecticut.", "description": "In the 1700s, Newport, Rhode Island, was the fifth largest city in North America and one of the most important centers of shipping and trade along the Eastern Seaboard. Orders for furniture from its celebrated cabinetmakers came in from far and wide. This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of the State of Connecticut. Eventually, the desk passed down through his family to Dorothy Draper, an important 20th-century interior decorator, and ultimately to her daughter, Penelope Draper Buchanan, whose husband gave it to the museum after her death\u2014a rare, unbroken line of succession.
Large desks were designed to hold all the necessary components of a gentleman\u2019s office under lock and key: books, papers, pens and ink, and important documents. To serve such a function desks also became complicated masterworks of the cabinetmaker\u2019s art, incorporating many parts from small drawers to large panels cut from a single tree, making them among the most expensive types of furniture available. This desk and bookcase exhibits the characteristic traits of classic Newport furniture\u2014\u201cplum pudding\u201d mahogany, cupcake-like finials, and a carved shell on the inside of the desk.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741875"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.43.b", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 170259, "creators": [{"id": 63187, "description": "John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780\u20131795", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2012.43", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:49.761000"}, {"id": 127727, "accession_number": "1950.388", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cup, c. 1735. Ignaz Preissler (Bohemian, 1676\u20131741). Opal glass; diameter: 11.5 x 8.3 cm (4 1/2 x 3 1/4 in.); overall: 7.2 x 10 cm (2 13/16 x 3 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.388", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Cup", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Bohemia, 18th century"], "technique": "Opal glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Diameter: 11.5 x 8.3 cm (4 1/2 x 3 1/4 in.); Overall: 7.2 x 10 cm (2 13/16 x 3 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.115, "width": 0.083}, "overall": {"height": 0.072, "width": 0.1}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 683420, "title": "In Vino Veritas (In Wine, Truth)", "description": "In Vino Veritas (In Wine, Truth). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2025-January 11, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-09-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This cup may have functioned as a vessel for an alcoholic beverage or as a container for food such as candies or pastries. Ignaz Preissler\u2019s specialty was a technique known as Schwarzlot (\u201cblack lead\u201d in German), in which a design was painted with black enamel and then fine details were scratched out with a needle. Preissler\u2019s clients were primarily aristocrats who commissioned vessels as gifts or commemorative items and for whom the chinoiseriedecoration (imaginary European interpretations of Asian cultures), seen here, was fashionable.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752533"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.388-cup"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.388", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.388/1950.388_web.jpg", "width": "744", "height": "900", "filesize": "109497", "filename": "1950.388_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.388/1950.388_print.jpg", "width": "2810", "height": "3400", "filesize": "925656", "filename": "1950.388_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.388/1950.388_full.tif", "width": "8855", "height": "10713", "filesize": "284618248", "filename": "1950.388_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-15T15:24:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "281553"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2380", "height": "2975", "filesize": "2870977"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2380", "height": "2975", "filesize": "21272832"}}, {"date_created": "2007-08-15T15:32:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "303107"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2266", "height": "2758", "filesize": "2606819"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2266", "height": "2758", "filesize": "18780572"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-13T15:46:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "900", "filesize": "107649"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2795", "height": "3400", "filesize": "890314"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8855", "height": "10770", "filesize": "286132496"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-13T15:51:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "741", "height": "900", "filesize": "101397"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2800", "height": "3400", "filesize": "863855"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8855", "height": "10751", "filesize": "285627516"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-13T15:55:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "900", "filesize": "99020"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2804", "height": "3400", "filesize": "836217"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt4_full.tif", "width": "8855", "height": "10738", "filesize": "285282112"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-13T16:01:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "66046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "513070"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt5_full.tif", "width": "8483", "height": "6786", "filesize": "172723036"}}, {"date_created": "2025-08-13T16:10:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "724", "filesize": "76102"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2736", "filesize": "617510"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1950.388/1950.388_alt6_full.tif", "width": "8483", "height": "6826", "filesize": "173741264"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127727, "creators": [{"id": 12092, "description": "Ignaz Preissler (Bohemian, 1676\u20131741)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "decorated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1676", "death_year": "1741", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-11-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Opal Glass Cup"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:32.390000"}, {"id": 140238, "accession_number": "1964.220", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dish with Female and Attendant, c. 1713. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Kangxi mark and period (1662-1722). Porcelain with famille verte overglaze enamel decoration; diameter: 24.6 cm (9 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.220", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Dish with Female and Attendant", "creation_date": "c. 1713", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1723, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Kangxi mark and period (1662-1722)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille verte overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.6 cm (9 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.246}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "1990 Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, July 5-September 2, 1990: no. 70", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Caro, NY; Severance and Greta Millikin, 1962", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "On the flattened rim of this dish is a band of ironred enamel decoration with the Chinese characters Wanshou wujiang, meaning \"Long life without limit.\" This piece belongs to a set of particularly fine porcelains with the same inscription, which are thought to have been made for the Kangxi emperor's 60th birthday in 1713.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755492"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.220-dish-with-female-and"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.220", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.220/1964.220_web.jpg", "width": "884", "height": "893", "filesize": "493828", "filename": "1964.220_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.220/1964.220_print.jpg", "width": "3367", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5770029", "filename": "1964.220_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.220/1964.220_full.tif", "width": "3625", "height": "3660", "filesize": "39834792", "filename": "1964.220_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-09-02T15:58:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.220/1964.220_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "892", "height": "893", "filesize": "358896"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.220/1964.220_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3397", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4440161"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.220/1964.220_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3554", "height": "3557", "filesize": "37955000"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140238, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1713", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:52.080000"}, {"id": 147494, "accession_number": "1973.226", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dragon, 1700s or later. Italy, 18th century or later. Bronze; overall: 17 x 28.3 x 18 cm (6 11/16 x 11 1/8 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Michael de Havenon, 1973.226", "current_location": "301 Baroque Sculpture Mezzanine", "title": "Dragon", "creation_date": "1700s or later", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century or later"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 17 x 28.3 x 18 cm (6 11/16 x 11 1/8 x 7 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.17, "width": 0.283, "depth": 0.18}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "Year in Review: 1973. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1974: \"Year in Review 1973,\" Bulletin, LXI (February 1974), p. 73, cat. no. 25", "opening_date": "1974-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carol L. Brewster, 1918-2010 (Ownings Mills, Maryland), by gift to her son, Michael de Havenon.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Michael de Havenon, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1973.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This figure was probably originally meant to serve as the decorative foundation to a larger object such as a casket or urn. 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Wade, 1916.1477", "current_location": null, "title": "Cap", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India"], "technique": "Velvet embroidered with gilt-silver\u2013wrapped silk thread (zari); silk: lining; rubies, pearls, and spinels", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Overall: 6.3 x 15.2 x 15.2 cm (2 1/2 x 6 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.063, "width": 0.152, "depth": 0.152}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 536104, "title": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers", "description": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers. 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"gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97958, "creators": [{"id": 18265, "description": "Chelsea Porcelain Factory (Britain, London, 1745\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufactured by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1917.601", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:30.993000"}, {"id": 98660, "accession_number": "1918.359", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Koto (Zither) (\u7b8f), early to mid-1800s. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Wood with colored lacquer, sprinkled gold powder (maki-e), textile, and silk strings; overall: 117.8 cm (46 3/8 in.); widest end: 23.8 cm (9 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.359", "current_location": null, "title": "Koto (Zither)", "title_in_original_language": "\u7b8f", "creation_date": "early to mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Wood with colored lacquer, sprinkled gold powder (maki-e), textile, and silk strings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 117.8 cm (46 3/8 in.); Widest end: 23.8 cm (9 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.178}, "widest end": {"length": 0.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 687098, "title": "Practice and Play in Japanese Art", "description": "Practice and Play in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-November 30, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The koto descended from the guzheng, a Chinese zither first imported to Japan in the seventh century.", "description": "This koto has an elaborately decorated surface, suggesting that it was meant to be admired as a decorative object rather than played as a musical instrument. The vertical design shows a profusion of chrysanthemum flowers and miscanthus grass above a brushwood fence as well as a pair of butterflies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485198"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.359-sono-koto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (October 1918): 82\u201385.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "Moore, Douglas S. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (November 1921): 134\u2013143.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134\u2013137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.359", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.359/1918.359_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "497", "filesize": "161803", "filename": "1918.359_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.359/1918.359_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1876", "filesize": "1056408", "filename": "1918.359_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.359/1918.359_full.tif", "width": "10282", "height": "5674", "filesize": "175045044", "filename": "1918.359_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-05-10T17:06:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "426", "filesize": "148429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1610", "filesize": "827003"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11964", "height": "5665", "filesize": "203352904"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:25:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "329", "filesize": "159443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1241", "filesize": "1012642"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13532", "height": "4938", "filesize": "200487844"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:36:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "300", "filesize": "130654"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1135", "filesize": "596071"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt2_full.tif", "width": "12859", "height": "4293", "filesize": "165635260"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:39:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "277", "filesize": "127250"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1045", "filesize": "544845"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt3_full.tif", "width": "12859", "height": "3952", "filesize": "152480500"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:42:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "592", "filesize": "179546"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2237", "filesize": "1197594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5942", "height": "3910", "filesize": "69724908"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:48:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "562", "filesize": "169208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2124", "filesize": "1010948"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359/1918.359_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5344", "height": "3339", "filesize": "53556020"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98660, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sono Koto"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:34.438000"}, {"id": 98697, "accession_number": "1918.389", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Thighbone Trumpet, c. 1800. Tibet. Bone, leather, and copper alloy; overall: 7 cm (2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.389", "current_location": null, "title": "Thighbone Trumpet", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Tibet"], "technique": "bone, leather, and copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Tibetan Art", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 7 cm (2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.07, "length": 0.324}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518367, "title": "What in the World", "description": "What in the World. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (March 1-October 1, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-03-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Tantric ritual trumpets are traditionally made from human femurs, but now they can be made from plastic, metal, or other materials.", "description": "Blown during tantric Buddhist rituals, this ritual instrument is made of bone to remind practitioners of the impermanence of the corporeal body. The horn is sounded to clear away obstacles to enlightenment, conceived as enemies in battle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485388"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.389-thighbone-trumpet"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (1918): 82-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "D. S. M. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 134-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.389", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.389/1918.389_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "149293", "filename": "1918.389_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.389/1918.389_print.jpg", "width": "2272", "height": "3400", "filesize": "835701", "filename": "1918.389_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.389/1918.389_full.tif", "width": "6081", "height": "9100", "filesize": "166036272", "filename": "1918.389_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-05-11T16:01:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "900", "filesize": "157942"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2611", "height": "3400", "filesize": "972708"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6730", "height": "8765", "filesize": "176990320"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-11T16:06:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "578", "filesize": "152204"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2185", "filesize": "840650"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8243", "height": "5298", "filesize": "131039232"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "516", "filesize": "136576"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1950", "filesize": "665132"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.389/1918.389_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7029", "height": "4031", "filesize": "85025400"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98697, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Flute"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:00.587000"}, {"id": 103832, "accession_number": "1921.920", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scarf, 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Algeria, Algerian embroiderer. Linen, silk, dye; overall: 173.4 x 46 cm (68 1/4 x 18 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Charles William Wason, 1921.920", "current_location": null, "title": "Scarf", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Algeria, Algerian embroiderer"], "technique": "Linen, silk, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 173.4 x 46 cm (68 1/4 x 18 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.734, "width": 0.46}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616719, "title": "18th and 19th Century Oriental Embroideries", "description": "18th and 19th Century Oriental Embroideries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-December 15, 1923).", "opening_date": "1923-11-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Charles William [Mabel Breckenridge] Wason [c. 1872\u20131958],", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131921", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This example was displayed in one of the CMA\u2019s earliest exhibitions, 1923\u2019s Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Oriental Embroideries in 1923.", "description": "This woven linen textile is embroidered with a cascading pattern of dusty pink, mauve, and navy blue flowers. The embroiderer created this design with dyed silk thread, outlining the shapes in black and then filling in the designs with dense stitches. Textiles with this composition were made across the Mediterranean Sea in the 1800s, and were used as scarves or towels.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79509135"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.920-scarf"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 138-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136519"}, {"citation": "G. U. [Gertrude Underhill]. \u201cAn Exhibition of Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Oriental Embroideries.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 10, no. 9 (1923).", "page_number": "157\u201358", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136692"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.920", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.920/1921.920_web.jpg", "width": "474", "height": "893", "filesize": "404671", "filename": "1921.920_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.920/1921.920_print.jpg", "width": "1803", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5585895", "filename": "1921.920_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.920/1921.920_full.tif", "width": "2652", "height": "5000", "filesize": "39810716", "filename": "1921.920_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.920/1921.920_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "511568"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.920/1921.920_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2266", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7062829"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.920/1921.920_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3333", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50030016"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Charles William Wason", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 103832, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:53.535000"}, {"id": 111621, "accession_number": "1930.173", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Onoe Kikugor\u014d I as Izumi no Sabur\u014d in the Play Snowflakes: Plum Blossoms Kaomise (\u300c\u96ea\u6885\u9854\u898b\u52e2\u300d\u521d\u4e16\u5c3e\u4e0a\u83ca\u4e94\u90ce\u306e\u6cc9\u4e09\u90ce), 1769. Ippitsusai Bunch\u014d (Japanese, active c. 1765\u201392). Color woodblock print; sheet: 30.6 x 14 cm (12 1/16 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.173", "current_location": null, "title": "Onoe Kikugor\u014d I as Izumi no Sabur\u014d in the Play Snowflakes: Plum Blossoms Kaomise", "title_in_original_language": "\u300c\u96ea\u6885\u9854\u898b\u52e2\u300d\u521d\u4e16\u5c3e\u4e0a\u83ca\u4e94\u90ce\u306e\u6cc9\u4e09\u90ce", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.6 x 14 cm (12 1/16 x 5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.306, "width": 0.14}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u843d\u6b3e\u3000\u4e00\u7b46\u6587\u9f4a\u8abf\u753b\u3000\u5b88\u6c0f", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Vickery, Atkins & Torrey, San Francisco, CA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward L. Whittemore [1862\u20131930], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2127.1928"], "did_you_know": "The character's name, Izumi, appears on the right sleeve of the actor's robe.", "description": "The play Snowflakes: Plum Blossom Kaomise was performed at the Ichimura Theater in 1769.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80003950"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.173-onoe-kikugoro-i-as-i"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard Conley Hollis. \"The Edward Loder Whittemore Collection of Japanese Prints.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 4 (1930): 64-66.", "page_number": "64-66", "url": null}, {"citation": "", "page_number": "no. 128 (p. 162), p. 210", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.173", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.173/1930.173_web.jpg", "width": "435", "height": "900", "filesize": "176378", "filename": "1930.173_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.173/1930.173_print.jpg", "width": "1642", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2104724", "filename": "1930.173_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.173/1930.173_full.tif", "width": "3691", "height": "7644", "filesize": "84671664", "filename": "1930.173_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111621, "creators": [{"id": 34681, "description": "Ippitsusai Bunch\u014d (Japanese, active c. 1765\u201392)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u4e00\u7b46\u658e \u6587\u8abf", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Onoe Kikugogo I as Izumi no Saburo in Ichimura Theater"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:20.237000"}, {"id": 146749, "accession_number": "1972.189", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cup and Saucer (tasse et soucoupe), 1700\u20131720. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with underglaze blue decoration; overall: 7.5 x 7.5 cm (2 15/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Everett R. Castle, 1972.189", "current_location": null, "title": "Cup and Saucer (tasse et soucoupe)", "creation_date": "1700\u20131720", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with underglaze blue decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 7.5 x 7.5 cm (2 15/16 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.075, "width": 0.075}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[On saucer, in blue, eight-pointed star]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "Year in Review: 1972. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Everett R. Castle, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Saint-Cloud Porcelain Factory was the first successful European manufacturer of soft-paste porcelain, a slightly off-white product that attempted to emulate the prized hard-paste porcelain produced by China and Japan.", "description": "The cobalt blue and white decoration that borders the edges of the cup and saucer was one of the earliest types of decoration used at the Saint-Cloud porcelain factory. This type of cup and saucer pair may have been called a trembleuse (trembler) due to the raised ring around the well of the saucer that would have secured the cup in trembling hands.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925262"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.189-cup-and-saucer-tasse"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dawson, Aileen. A Catalogue of French Porcelain in the British Museum. London: British Museum Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 9-10, no. 5, p. 23-24, no. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondot, Bertrand. Discovering the Secrets of Soft-Paste Porcelain at the Saint-Cloud Manufactory, Ca. 1690-1766. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 114-15, nos. 1 & 2, p. 267", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.189", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.189/1972.189_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "681", "filesize": "148322", "filename": "1972.189_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.189/1972.189_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2573", "filesize": "737344", "filename": "1972.189_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.189/1972.189_full.tif", "width": "7683", "height": "5815", "filesize": "134056608", "filename": "1972.189_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Everett R. Castle", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146749, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700\u20131720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:40.591000"}, {"id": 155659, "accession_number": "1990.96", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Desk and Bookcase , c. 1780. America, Massachusetts, Boston or vicinity. Mahogany and pine, brass hardware, gilding; overall: 241.9 x 106 x 56.5 cm (95 1/4 x 41 3/4 x 22 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Lawrence Hitchcock, 1990.96", "current_location": null, "title": "Desk and Bookcase ", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["America, Massachusetts, Boston or vicinity"], "technique": "mahogany and pine, brass hardware, gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 241.9 x 106 x 56.5 cm (95 1/4 x 41 3/4 x 22 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.419, "width": 1.06, "depth": 0.565}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "Notable Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Col. Christopher Toppan (1735-1818), Hampton, New Hamsphire; his son Edmund Toppan (1777-1857); his daughter Sarah Jane Parker Toppan (b. 1822) who married Rev. Samuel J. Spalding, Newburyport, Massachusetts; their granddaughter Helen Chapin Hitchcock (Mrs. Lawrence).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A desk and bookcase in the 1700s, often equipped with several locks and keys as in this example, served as a self-contained office for the gentleman of the household.", "description": "During the 1700s, a desk and bookcase, sometimes called a bureau in early inventories, was among the largest and most expensive pieces of furniture in a household. Their owners were chiefly businessmen and community leaders, and because of their function as repositories for personal letters and documents, they were usually placed downstairs in a back parlor or hall. A desk and bookcase consisted of two parts: usually a slant-top desk below and a cabinet above that sat within moldings applied to the desktop to hold it in place. The form often included elements derived from contemporary architecture. Like much New England furniture of the later 1700s, the lower section of this example is block-fronted, in which the profile recedes in the center and protrudes at either side. Though some European precedents can be found for block fronting, this type of cabinetry was clearly more popular in America than anywhere else.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79944094"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.96-desk-and-bookcase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80; Mentioned: p. 81", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, & p. 50 - 52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.96", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.96/1990.96_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "900", "filesize": "155958", "filename": "1990.96_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.96/1990.96_print.jpg", "width": "2524", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1201495", "filename": "1990.96_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.96/1990.96_full.tif", "width": "3712", "height": "5000", "filesize": "55749836", "filename": "1990.96_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-02-13T14:59:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.96/1990.96_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "745", "filesize": "183206"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.96/1990.96_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2815", "filesize": "1556671"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.96/1990.96_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4140", "filesize": "62157920"}}, {"date_created": "2008-02-12T20:46:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.96/1990.96_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "741", "filesize": "215079"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.96/1990.96_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2799", "filesize": "1845206"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.96/1990.96_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4116", "filesize": "61806264"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Lawrence Hitchcock", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155659, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:25.618000"}, {"id": 159219, "accession_number": "1995.401", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mirror with Handle, Decorated with \"Double Happiness\" and Five Bats (\u96d9\u559c\u4e94\u798f\u5e36\u67c4\u93e1), c. 1800. Workshop of Tang Wanheng (Chinese, active c. 1800). Brass; diameter: 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.); overall: 0.6 cm (1/4 in.); rim: 0.6 cm (1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1995.401", "current_location": null, "title": "Mirror with Handle, Decorated with \"Double Happiness\" and Five Bats", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d9\u559c\u4e94\u798f\u5e36\u67c4\u93e1", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 16.5 cm (6 1/2 in.); Overall: 0.6 cm (1/4 in.); Rim: 0.6 cm (1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.165, "length": 0.267}, "overall": {"height": 0.006}, "rim": {"height": 0.006}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u96d9\u559c\uff0c \u6e6f\u842c\u4ea8", "inscription_translation": "double happiness; Tang Wanheng", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 193152, "title": "Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors", "description": "Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000); China Institute in America, New York, NY (February 6-June 2, 2002); Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI (December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas and Martha Carter, Madison, WI, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131995", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1995\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The five\u2013bat design signals a wish for good fortune.", "description": "This mirror bears a large character of xi \u56cd (\"double happiness,\" as in a marriage) as its principal decoration. Below that, a smaller inscription in a rectangular frame establishes the mirror maker's identity. Tang Wanheng \u6e6f\u842c\u4ea8 must have enjoyed a lucrative trade and sufficient renown to warrant the inclusion of his name on his products. It has been suggested that these mirrors were not so much made for reflective purposes as for ritualistic use during the marriage ceremony, hence the \"double happiness\" as its main decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79978499"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.401-mirror-with-handle-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. Circles of reflection: the Carter collection of Chinese bronze mirrors. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 92, pp. 95\u201396, 110, 126; Reproduced: pp. 8, 22, 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ledes, Allison Eckardt. \"Current and Coming\" Antiques, (March 2002) pp. 28\u201330.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.401", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.401/1995.401_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "399834", "filename": "1995.401_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.401/1995.401_print.jpg", "width": "2170", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4653419", "filename": "1995.401_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.401/1995.401_full.tif", "width": "2731", "height": "4279", "filesize": "35075004", "filename": "1995.401_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.401/1995.401_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "398578"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.401/1995.401_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2170", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4536692"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1995.401/1995.401_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2731", "height": "4279", "filesize": "35075148"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159219, "creators": [{"id": 394810, "description": "Tang Wanheng (Chinese, active c. 1800)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "workshop of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6e6f\u842c\u4ea8", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:10.019000"}, {"id": 160146, "accession_number": "1998.102", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maharana Jagat Singh II Hunting, 1747. Jugarsi, son of Jiva (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera and gold on paper; sheet: 42.5 x 47 cm (16 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1998.102", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharana Jagat Singh II Hunting", "creation_date": "1747", "creation_date_earliest": 1747, "creation_date_latest": 1747, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput kingdom of Mewar, Udaipur, Court of Jagat Singh (reigned 1734-51)"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 42.5 x 47 cm (16 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.425, "width": 0.47}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Jugarsi, son of Jiva", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Signed by the artist on the reverse.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[?]44 115 na\u1e41 k\u012b: 15", "inscription_translation": "44 [in red ink] 115 number price 15", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u015br\u012b mh\u0101r\u0101n\u0101j\u012b \u015br\u012b jagat s\u012b\u1e41ghj\u012b / od\u012b b\u012br\u0101jy\u0101 : n\u0101\u1e41r \u1e6d\u012b mareyo m\u0101ryo / hajur thakur: n\u0101m : mh\u0101r\u0101j\u0101 n\u0101thj\u012b 1 / pady\u0101r k\u0101nj\u012b 1 thakur s\u012brd\u0101r s\u012b\u1e41ghj\u012b / b\u0101bo bh\u0101rath s\u012bghj\u012b 1 samat 1806 r\u0101 \u0101soj b\u012bd 10 r\u012b vaire d\u012bn / nijar huvo c\u012bt\u0101ro jugarno j\u012bv\u0101 ro", "inscription_translation": "Shri Maharanaji Shri Jagat Singhji sat at the hunt lodge. The king killed the tiger who killed a man. Thakurs named Maharaja Nathji one, Padiyar Kanji one, Thakur Sirdar Singhji, uncle Bharath Singhji one. In Samvat 1806, on Friday, the tenth day of the dark half of Asoj [September\u2013October], artist Jugarsi, son of Jiva, presented [the painting] as nazar.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444478, "title": "A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur", "description": "A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 10, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painting is signed on the reverse by the artist\u2014a rare occurrence in Indian painting. The name reads \"Jugarsi, son of Jiva.\"", "description": "One of the favorite pastimes of the Rajput nobility was hunting, a subject frequently depicted in secular painting in Rajasthan. Often much larger than other Indian paintings, hunting scenes glorified the pleasures and splendors of these stately affairs. This colorful painting depicts a royal hunt conducted by the Maharana Jagat Singh II of Udaipur. An inscription on the reverse side of the painting mentions the Maharana's name along with the hunting party's other participants, including the Maharana's brother.
The hunt takes place in a detailed landscape of hills and varied vegetation. The animals (tiger, bear, wild boar, deer, stag, and antelope) are rounded up and diverted by servants (who shoot firecrackers) toward the shooting box at the center of the composition, where the royal members of the hunting party await their prey. Another group of servants with dogs approaches from the opposite direction to cut off the animals' route of escape. Some beasts are already killed or wounded, while others are trying desperately to run for their lives.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477550"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.102-maharaja-jagat-singh", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.102-maharana-jagat-singh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Acquires Major New Sculpture, Rare Chinese Prints, Contemporary Prints, Drawings & Photographs,\u201d October 30, 1998, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4215"}, {"citation": "Diamond, Debra, and Dipti Khera, eds. A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur. Munich, Germany: Hirmer Publishers; Washington, D.C.: National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: No. 34, p. 168; Mentioned: pp. 162, 170, and 331", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.102", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.102/1998.102_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "807", "filesize": "293138", "filename": "1998.102_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.102/1998.102_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3048", "filesize": "3527916", "filename": "1998.102_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.102/1998.102_full.tif", "width": "6169", "height": "5531", "filesize": "102395636", "filename": "1998.102_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-15T09:07:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.102/1998.102_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "817", "filesize": "277009"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.102/1998.102_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3088", "filesize": "3258257"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.102/1998.102_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6476", "height": "5881", "filesize": "114288420"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160146, "creators": [{"id": 539368, "description": "Jugarsi, son of Jiva (Indian, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-09-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1747, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1747", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Maharaja Jagat Singh Hunting"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:59.101000"}, {"id": 160490, "accession_number": "1998.292", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tigers and Leopard Frolicking (\ud638\ud45c\ub3c4 [\u864e\u8c79\u5716]), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll; ink on paper; painting only: 91.4 x 163.8 cm (36 x 64 1/2 in.); overall: 208.3 x 193.4 cm (82 x 76 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leighton R. and Rosemarie Longhi, 1998.292", "current_location": null, "title": "Tigers and Leopard Frolicking", "title_in_original_language": "\ud638\ud45c\ub3c4 [\u864e\u8c79\u5716]", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 91.4 x 163.8 cm (36 x 64 1/2 in.); Overall: 208.3 x 193.4 cm (82 x 76 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.914, "width": 1.638}, "overall": {"height": 2.083, "width": 1.934}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "The mountain recluse of Honam", "inscription_remark": "Artist's signature at the upper left of the painting", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Korean Gallery Rotation (Gallery 235). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 21, 2014-July 20, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-07-21T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leighton R. [1944\u20132024] and Rosemarie Longhi, New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Korean artists during the Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910) often described leopards as baby tigers, explaining why in this painting tigers and leopards are shown together as a family.", "description": "This monochrome composition depicts a tiger and her young playing at stalking one another in a stand of pine. Tigers, considered messengers of mountain spirits, and are often paired with leopards, mistakenly thought to be baby tigers.
The signature written at the upper left of the painting reads \"The mountain recluse of Honam,\" possibly referring to a painter from Jeolla province in Korea.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477619"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.292-tigers-and-leopard-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yi, Tae-ho. 500nyeonman ui gwihyang: ilboneseo doraon joseon geurim [500\ub144\ub9cc\uc758 \uadc0\ud5a5: \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544\uc628 \uc870\uc120 \uadf8\ub9bc]. Seoul: Hakgojae Gallery, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tigers in East Asian Art [\ub3d9 \uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc758 \ud638\ub791\uc774 \ubbf8\uc220 ]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.292", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.292/1998.292_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "837", "filesize": "233460", "filename": "1998.292_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.292/1998.292_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2252", "filesize": "1618629", "filename": "1998.292_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.292/1998.292_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "5206", "filesize": "122733956", "filename": "1998.292_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-08-07T13:29:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.292/1998.292_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "799", "height": "893", "filesize": "150320"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.292/1998.292_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3042", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1949660"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.292/1998.292_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5247", "height": "5864", "filesize": "92328584"}}, {"date_created": "2012-08-07T13:52:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.292/1998.292_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "893", "filesize": "155468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.292/1998.292_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2699", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1926784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.292/1998.292_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3173", "height": "3996", "filesize": "38061520"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Leighton R. and Rosemarie Longhi", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160490, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tigers in a Landscape"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:44.963000"}, {"id": 163795, "accession_number": "2005.200", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Leigh Tor Rocks at Poundsgate, near New Bridge on the Dart, Devon, 1800. John White Abbott (British, 1763\u20131851). Watercolor with pen and black ink and traces of graphite underdrawing; image: 16 x 24.7 cm (6 5/16 x 9 3/4 in.); sheet: 17.9 x 26.9 cm (7 1/16 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Painting and Drawing Society of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.200", "current_location": null, "title": "Leigh Tor Rocks at Poundsgate, near New Bridge on the Dart, Devon", "creation_date": "1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor with pen and black ink and traces of graphite underdrawing", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 16 x 24.7 cm (6 5/16 x 9 3/4 in.); Sheet: 17.9 x 26.9 cm (7 1/16 x 10 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.179, "width": 0.269}, "image": {"height": 0.16, "width": 0.247}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art . The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John White Abbott (1763-1851)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(sale, Sotheby's, London, November 19, 1981, no. 188)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1981", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Colnaghi & Co., New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1981-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Harry and Nina Pollock, Cleveland Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-before 2007", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Painting and Drawing Society, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2007", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2007-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In addition to working as a watercolorist, John White Abbott served professionally as an apothecary and surgeon.", "description": "This closely observed watercolor was made in Dartmoor\u2014an expanse of moorland in southwest England capped with a series of more than 100 exposed granite hilltops known as \"tors,\" ranging from the monolithic to the nondescript. John White Abbott chose a low vantage point that accentuated the looming immensity of the outcrop in whose shelter a herd of cows has converged. Almost austere in its lack of superfluous detail, this small sheet suggests the untamed quality of the Devon moors.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79990428"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.200-leigh-tor-rocks-at-p"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Quintessentially British.\" Cleveland Art (July/August 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8-11; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 52-53, 143, no. 15; Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.200", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.200/2005.200_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "847", "filesize": "206635", "filename": "2005.200_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.200/2005.200_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2279", "filesize": "1426650", "filename": "2005.200_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.200/2005.200_full.tif", "width": "6596", "height": "4422", "filesize": "87527144", "filename": "2005.200_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-09-01T13:54:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.200/2005.200_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "857", "filesize": "828074"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.200/2005.200_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2308", "filesize": "5629016"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.200/2005.200_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5609", "height": "3807", "filesize": "64091264"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T18:49:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.200/2005.200_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "844", "filesize": "792798"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.200/2005.200_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2273", "filesize": "5796314"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.200/2005.200_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6573", "height": "4395", "filesize": "86698592"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Painting and Drawing Society of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163795, "creators": [{"id": 51907, "description": "John White Abbott (British, 1763\u20131851)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1763", "death_year": "1851", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Near New Bridge on the Dart Devon"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:38.799000"}, {"id": 169567, "accession_number": "2011.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1775. The Artist \"V\" (British). Watercolor on ivory on a gold locket; image: 4.1 x 3.5 cm (1 5/8 x 1 3/8 in.); framed: 4.3 x 3.7 cm (1 11/16 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, L. E. Holden Fund, 2011.39", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory on a gold locket", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Image: 4.1 x 3.5 cm (1 5/8 x 1 3/8 in.); Framed: 4.3 x 3.7 cm (1 11/16 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.041, "width": 0.035}, "framed": {"height": 0.043, "width": 0.037}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nicky Gould, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 2008", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Elle Shushan, Philadelphia, PA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 2008-2011", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gold locket this miniature is housed in is not likely to be original to the painting.", "description": "This portrait was painted by the artist known only by the initial V, who has yet to be identified and whose body of work is not well defined. Miniatures by V have appeared in only a handful of public collections and exhibitions, including the Holburne Museum of Art in Bath. The artist was recognized by 1929 when Basil Long mentioned two works by V that sold at auction in 1926 and 1928, both signed \u201cV\u201d and one dating from around 1778. Since then, miniatures signed by or attributed to V have appeared regularly at auction. The artist\u2019s work is distinctive and characterized by unnaturally large heads and a semi-grisaille technique at odds with the prevailing tendency of miniatures to utilize the creamy translucency of the ivory ground as a base for warm, glowing flesh tones. Because miniaturists often came to the art form from a variety of artistic traditions, it remains a distinct possibility that V was primarily a draftsman or printmaker who worked in the medium only occasionally. Although some works by V exhibit a saturated color palette and strong linearity, others more closely resemble the Cleveland Museum of Art miniature, with its pale colors and soft, voluminous forms. This bust-length portrait depicts an unknown woman before a plain, greenish brown background. She wears a purple gown trimmed in white along her d\u00e9colletage, and her full, dark hair is swept back and piled high. The artist rendered the sitter in three-quarter profile, gazing slightly down and out of the picture plane to the right. V used a grisaille technique for the sitter\u2019s face, hair, and body, leaving the purple of the dress as the only vivid color in the composition. The miniature is housed in a gold locket with three Chinese marks on the back. The mark at the upper right indicates that the case is made of \u201cgenuine gold\u201d; the Chinese characters comprising the other two marks are illegible. Miniatures often functioned as mementos for loved ones, so the Chinese case\u2014probably not original to the object\u2014may have been rehoused by the recipient of the portrait while he or she traveled in East Asia. The work is a striking and unusual likeness. Its uncompromising frankness and unexpected manner of painting demonstrate a unique and significant voice in late-eighteenth-century British portraiture, as the artist was willing to move away from the conventions of miniature painting. In contrast to the style of portrait-miniature painting dominated during this period by Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821), Andrew Plimer (1763-1837), and George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), the artist V presents a note of startling naturalism.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80077040"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.39-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 24, pp. 123-125", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.39/2011.39_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "72985", "filename": "2011.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.39/2011.39_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "855334", "filename": "2011.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.39/2011.39_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144026268", "filename": "2011.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-05-06T15:40:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "496555"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2727", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6586948"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2660", "height": "3316", "filesize": "26489892"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T15:51:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "515569"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2536", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6372026"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3978", "height": "5332", "filesize": "63661696"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-13T18:39:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "89940"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1217718"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2011.39/2011.39_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022056"}}], "creditline": "L. 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Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169567, "creators": [{"id": 61292, "description": "The Artist \"V\" (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-06-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:18.689000"}, {"id": 170890, "accession_number": "2013.351", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Women enjoying the river at the forest\u2019s edge (recto) and flowering marigold (verso), c. 1765. Style of Hunhar II (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 33.1 x 24.9 cm (13 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.351", "current_location": null, "title": "Women enjoying the river at the forest\u2019s edge (recto) and flowering marigold (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["India, Murshidabad or Lucknow, Mughal, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 33.1 x 24.9 cm (13 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.331, "width": 0.249}, "painting only": {"height": 0.305, "width": 0.222}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. 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Henry John Rous [1795\u20131877], London and Cambridgeshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1874\u20131877", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts, 10 July 1968, lot 102, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 10, 1968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968\u20132013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mangoes are in varying stages of ripeness, from green to bright orange-yellow.", "description": "The image of young women at play, in association with water and the fruiting of trees, such as this mango, has been used in Indian art to signal the idea of prosperity and abundance. Rain clouds approach that will nourish the land. The pairs of women on the banks sample perfumes, and in front of them bowls made of leaves appear to hold jasmine flowers for adorning the hair. One woman smokes a hookah and looks on as two companions frolic in the rivulet. The palace\u2019s white marble buildings are barely indicated in the far distance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482288"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.351-women-enjoying-the-r"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie. \u201cArt and Stories: Dazzling paintings and luxurious objects tell tales from Mughal India.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 56, no. 4 (July/August 2016): 5\u20137.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-04"}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 93, p. 272", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.351", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.351/2013.351_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "900", "filesize": "250443", "filename": "2013.351_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.351/2013.351_print.jpg", "width": "2567", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2716159", "filename": "2013.351_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.351/2013.351_full.tif", "width": "5683", "height": "7526", "filesize": "128344340", "filename": "2013.351_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. 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Style of Hunhar II (Indian, active mid-1700s). Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 33.1 x 24.9 cm (13 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.351.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Women Enjoying the River at the Forest\u2019s Edge (recto)", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["India, Murshidabad or Lucknow, Mughal, 18th century"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 33.1 x 24.9 cm (13 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.331, "width": 0.249}, "painting only": {"height": 0.305, "width": 0.222}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry Chaplin, MP, 1st Visc. Chaplin [1849\u20131923], London and Lincolnshire, given to Admiral Hon. Henry John Rous", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1874", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Admiral Hon. Henry John Rous [1795\u20131877], London and Cambridgeshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1874\u20131877", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts, 10 July 1968, lot 102, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "July 10, 1968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-2001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-2013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mangoes are in varying stages of ripeness, from green to bright orange-yellow.", "description": "The image of young women at play, in association with water and the fruiting of trees, such as this mango, has been used in Indian art to signal the idea of prosperity and abundance. Rain clouds approach that will nourish the land. The pairs of women on the banks sample perfumes, and in front of them bowls made of leaves appear to hold jasmine flowers for adorning the hair. One woman smokes a hookah and looks on as two companions frolic in the rivulet. The palace\u2019s white marble buildings are barely indicated in the far distance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482295"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.351.a-women-enjoying-the-r"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 93, p. 272", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.351.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.351.a/2013.351.a_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "900", "filesize": "250019", "filename": "2013.351.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.351.a/2013.351.a_print.jpg", "width": "2567", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2715735", "filename": "2013.351.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.351.a/2013.351.a_full.tif", "width": "5683", "height": "7526", "filesize": "128343904", "filename": "2013.351.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-15T14:00:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.351.a/2013.351.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "234799"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.351.a/2013.351.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2505802"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.351.a/2013.351.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144031880"}}], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170891, "creators": [{"id": 63560, "description": "Hunhar II (Indian, active mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "style of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2013.351", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Six Maidens Bathing in a Woodland Stream", "Women Enjoying the River at the Forest\u2019s Edge"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:26.661000"}, {"id": 86107, "accession_number": "2015.510", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Grapevine (\ubb35\ud3ec\ub3c4\ub3c4 [\u58a8\u8461\u8404\u5716]), early 1800s. Choe Seok-hwan (Korean, active first half of 19th century). Eight-panel folding screen; ink on paper; image: 100.5 x 345 cm (39 9/16 x 135 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from the Collection of George Gund III, 2015.510", "current_location": null, "title": "Grapevine", "title_in_original_language": "\ubb35\ud3ec\ub3c4\ub3c4 [\u58a8\u8461\u8404\u5716]", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "eight-panel folding screen; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 100.5 x 345 cm (39 9/16 x 135 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.005, "width": 3.45}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 295535, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 10, 2017-January 8, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Gund III [1937\u20132013], bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132015", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2015\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Grapes in premodern East Asia symbolize many children.", "description": "July is the season of the ripening deep blue grapes, and also the month when the monsoon season begins in Korea. To the accompaniment of stormy summer wind, grape vines make a spectacular full circle across the surface of this eight-panel folding screen. The artist employed a variety of ink tones to create a sense of swift movement of grapevines amid turbulent storms.
Since their first introduction to the Korean peninsula around the 7th century through the Silk Road, grapes were used as artistic motifs. Artists embellished the surface of mother-of-pearl lacquer boxes or blue-and-white porcelain, while scholar-poets composed poems about the luscious sweet sourness of green grapes. By the late 19th century, grapes became the icon of fertility: the fruit grows in large clusters of many individual grapes, evoking the image of a stable clan with many descendants.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60493455"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.510-grapevine"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Beyond Folding Screens [\uc870\uc120, \ubcd1\ud48d\uc758 \ub098\ub77c]. 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Dupuy, watermark Name of Jesus (IHS), countermark T Dupuy Fin Auvergne 1742", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Pitt, first Baron Camelford (1737\u20131793), Boconnoc, Cornwall", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By descent until the 2010s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "sale, Dreweatts Bloomsbury, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 22, 2017", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(C.G. 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Clodion was fond of depicting characters from classical antiquity in his work, and the subject of child or baby satyrs in Bacchanalian celebrations appear often in the work of Rococo artists. The female satyr wraps a plump arm around a nest filled with baby birds, while her male counterpart holds an owl. Balancing on one foot, the two flee the scene of their theft.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900729"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.129.2-young-satyr-running"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [57], Plate XXV, cat. no. 37; Mentioned: p. 50, 55, cat. no. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n54"}, {"citation": "Clodion, and Anne L. Poulet. 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China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-1795). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; overall: 51.4 cm (20 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.184.1", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Vase with Peaches", "title_in_original_language": "\u7c89\u5f69\u6843\u7d0b\u74f7\u74f6", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-1795)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 51.4 cm (20 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.514}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444432, "title": "Chinese Textiles and Ceramics", "description": "Chinese Textiles and Ceramics. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 13-May 9, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Francis F. [Elisabeth Severance Allen] Prentiss [1865\u20131944], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1944.184"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This spectacular vase, one of a pair in the collection, depicts flowering and fruiting peach trees to convey an auspicious message of affluence and long life. Developments in enamel technology led to new possibilities in polychrome decoration of Qing imperial porcelains. Pinks appeared, lending their name to the new palette of overglaze colors (famille rose), and the addition of opaque white allowed painters to vary the value of pigments, enhancing the painterly quality of porcelain decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741814"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.184.1-vase-with-peaches"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss collection : bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 93, 94, p. 83; Reproduced: Plate XXXVIII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n85"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cChinese and Korean Ceramics: Japanese Lacquer.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 6 (June 1944): 103\u2013106.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141135"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.184.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.184.1/1944.184.1_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "900", "filesize": "130255", "filename": "1944.184.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.184.1/1944.184.1_print.jpg", "width": "2382", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1019619", "filename": "1944.184.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.184.1/1944.184.1_full.tif", "width": "4656", "height": "6645", "filesize": "92847000", "filename": "1944.184.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123609, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1944.184", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bottle-shaped Vase"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:06.067000"}, {"id": 123680, "accession_number": "1944.226.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bottle Cooler, c. 1725\u2013 1735. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; diameter: 11 x 11.5 cm (4 5/16 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.226.1", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Bottle Cooler", "creation_date": "c. 1725\u2013 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 11 x 11.5 cm (4 5/16 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.11, "width": 0.115}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection; (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["44.226"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The form of these cachepots is entirely typical of Saint-Cloud porcelain of about 1725. Their decoration, based upon Chinese porcelains of the so-called \"famille-verte\" type, is most unusual. Polychromed enamels were not often employed on Saint-Cloud porcelains, and figural scenes are very rare.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760655"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.226.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_web.jpg", "width": "1130", "height": "893", "filesize": "86666", "filename": "1944.226.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2686", "filesize": "581064", "filename": "1944.226.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_full.tif", "width": "4681", "height": "3699", "filesize": "51967052", "filename": "1944.226.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2006-12-18T18:43:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1042", "height": "893", "filesize": "428988"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2914", "filesize": "4220143"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3705", "height": "3175", "filesize": "35320620"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-18T18:56:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "968", "height": "893", "filesize": "389463"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3137", "filesize": "4349238"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3408", "height": "3144", "filesize": "32175020"}}, {"date_created": "2012-10-22T18:13:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1037", "height": "893", "filesize": "79582"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2929", "filesize": "644669"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4557", "height": "3926", "filesize": "53694348"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-18T19:07:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "990", "height": "893", "filesize": "403241"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3066", "filesize": "4378492"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3666", "height": "3306", "filesize": "36390248"}}, {"date_created": "2012-10-22T18:15:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1031", "height": "893", "filesize": "85618"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2945", "filesize": "687270"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3976", "height": "3444", "filesize": "41102036"}}, {"date_created": "2006-12-18T19:13:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "989", "height": "893", "filesize": "366257"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3070", "filesize": "4102461"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3582", "height": "3234", "filesize": "34782644"}}, {"date_created": "2012-10-22T18:18:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "985", "height": "893", "filesize": "65206"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3082", "filesize": "575736"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.226.1/1944.226.1_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4279", "height": "3879", "filesize": "49816728"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123680, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1725\u2013 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1944.226", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cachepot"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:09.785000"}, {"id": 128088, "accession_number": "1951.103", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate from the Swan Service, c. 1737\u20131741. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710), Johann Joachim K\u00e4ndler (German, 1706\u20131768). Porcelain; diameter: 42 cm (16 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Thirty-fifth anniversary gift from Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., 1951.103", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Plate from the Swan Service", "creation_date": "c. 1737\u20131741", "creation_date_earliest": 1732, "creation_date_latest": 1746, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Germany, Meissen, 18th century"], "technique": "porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 42 cm (16 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.42}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "made for Count Heinrich Br\u00fchl. Count Szembek, Palais Br\u00fchl, Warsaw, Poland, a direct descendant of the Br\u00fchl family; (Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc.).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Swan service was made for Count Br\u00fchl, director of the Meissen factory between 1737 and 1741.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759838"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.103-plate-from-the-swan"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Important Additions to the Porcelain Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 38, no. 8 (October 1951): 199-200.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200; Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141736"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 312", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n61"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.103", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.103/1951.103_web.jpg", "width": "973", "height": "893", "filesize": "495511", "filename": "1951.103_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.103/1951.103_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3119", "filesize": "5334020", "filename": "1951.103_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.103/1951.103_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "5046", "filesize": "83293088", "filename": "1951.103_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Thirty-fifth anniversary gift from Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128088, "creators": [{"id": 11685, "description": "Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "the first and for half a century the best in Europe. It set a high standard which was emulated everywhere, even in China. Founded in 1710 as the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufacture by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, at Meissen, near Dresden.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1710", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 40976, "description": "Johann Joachim K\u00e4ndler (German, 1706\u20131768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1706", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-03-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1732, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1737\u20131741", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:39.363000"}, {"id": 140270, "accession_number": "1964.243.1.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Screen with Landscape (reverse), 1736\u201395. China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795). Painted enamel, glass painting, and cast-iron stand; without base: 65.8 x 32.4 cm (25 7/8 x 12 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.243.1.b", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Screen with Landscape (reverse)", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795)"], "technique": "painted enamel, glass painting, and cast-iron stand", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "without base: 65.8 x 32.4 cm (25 7/8 x 12 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"without base": {"height": 0.658, "width": 0.324}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH, by descent to Severance and Greta Millikin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The reverse side of this two-sided table screen is a glass painting of architectural landscape in the Chinese style. At the Qing court, imperial commands made possible artistic collaboration and the incorporation of different artistic expressions in a single artwork.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757289"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.243.1.b-screen-with-landscap"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 190", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 110\u2013111", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.243.1.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.1.b/1964.243.1.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "876", "filesize": "358499", "filename": "1964.243.1.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.1.b/1964.243.1.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3309", "filesize": "3368311", "filename": "1964.243.1.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.1.b/1964.243.1.b_full.tif", "width": "8231", "height": "8011", "filesize": "197844692", "filename": "1964.243.1.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140270, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.243", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:25.376000"}, {"id": 140271, "accession_number": "1964.243.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stand for Screen with European Figures (obverse) and Landscape (reverse), 1736\u201395. China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795). Cast iron; without base: 65.8 x 32.4 cm (25 7/8 x 12 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.243.2", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Stand for Screen with European Figures (obverse) and Landscape (reverse)", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Beijing palace workshops, Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong reign (1736-1795)"], "technique": "cast iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "without base: 65.8 x 32.4 cm (25 7/8 x 12 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"without base": {"height": 0.658, "width": 0.324}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH, by descent to Severance and Greta Millikin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This is a cast-iron stand for a two-sided table screen. One side of the screen is an enamel-painted copper plaque with European figures. The reverse side is a glass painting of architectural landscape in the Chinese style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756554"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.243.2-stand-for-screen-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of the Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 190", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 110\u2013111", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.243.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.2/1964.243.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "545", "filesize": "175150", "filename": "1964.243.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.2/1964.243.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2058", "filesize": "1029901", "filename": "1964.243.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.243.2/1964.243.2_full.tif", "width": "8639", "height": "5230", "filesize": "135571912", "filename": "1964.243.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-02-20T21:12:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243.2/1964.243.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "635", "filesize": "173201"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243.2/1964.243.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2399", "filesize": "951995"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.243.2/1964.243.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8492", "height": "5992", "filesize": "152678000"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140271, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.243", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:16.604000"}, {"id": 146847, "accession_number": "1972.258", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gourd-Shaped Vase, late 1700s. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911). Yellowish-green jade with brown markings; overall: 13.6 cm (5 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Elizabeth B. Blossom, 1972.258", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Gourd-Shaped Vase", "creation_date": "late 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"], "technique": "yellowish-green jade with brown markings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Overall: 13.6 cm (5 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.136}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "Year in Review: 1972. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Dudley S. [Elizabeth Beardsley Bingham] Blossom [1881\u20131970], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gourds auspiciously reference fertility due to their abundant seeds.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749609"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.258-gourd-shaped-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1972.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 60, no. 3 (March 1973): 63\u2013115.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 115, no. 298", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan [National Palace Museum = \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662]. Hai wai yi zhen, Yuqi. [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce, \u7389\u5650 = Chinese art in overseas collections, jade.] Zhonghua min guo Taibei Shi Shilin qu: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 167", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.258", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.258/1972.258_web.jpg", "width": "854", "height": "893", "filesize": "47490", "filename": "1972.258_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.258/1972.258_print.jpg", "width": "3253", "height": "3400", "filesize": "650552", "filename": "1972.258_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.258/1972.258_full.tif", "width": "4278", "height": "4471", "filesize": "57402804", "filename": "1972.258_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-09-18T14:07:43", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.258/1972.258_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "39713"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.258/1972.258_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2899", "height": "3400", "filesize": "529997"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.258/1972.258_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4051", "height": "4751", "filesize": "57760904"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Elizabeth B. Blossom", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146847, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:51.698000"}, {"id": 148860, "accession_number": "1976.97", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Paintings: The Colonnade of St. Peter's, Rome, during the Conclave and The Grotto of Posillipo, c.1769. Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808). Oil on canvas; framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1976.97", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Paintings: The Colonnade of St. Peter's, Rome, during the Conclave and The Grotto of Posillipo", "creation_date": "c.1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.56, "width": 0.475, "depth": 0.06}, "unframed": {"height": 0.426, "width": 0.334}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "back of the original canvas : Mr de/Lafert\u00e9", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Denis-Pierre Papillon de la Ferte", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Marius Paulme (sold, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, November 22, 1923, lots 76 and 77, to Henri Boudonneau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1923 - 1949 Henri Boudonneau (Paris, France), by inheritance to his son, Rene Boudonneau, 1949", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1949 - 1961 Rene Boudonneau, by inheritance to his wife, Mme S. A. Boudonneau, 1961", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1961 - 1974 Mme S. A. Boudonneau (Geneva, Switzerland) (sold, Christie's, London, December 13, 1974, lot 146, to Gallerie Cailleux", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1974 - 1976 Gallery Cailleux (Paris, France) sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Hubert Robert studied and worked in Italy in 1754\u201365. Upon returning to Paris, he entered the Royal Academy as an architectural painter and full member in 1766. His time in Italy would prove to be influential and classical architectural subjects would dominate his subsequent work. Interior of the Colonnade of St. Peter's is based on a drawing dated from 1758, the same year that Pope Clement XIII Rezzonico was elected. Given his interest in classical subjects, Robert has antiquated his subject by aging the condition of the columns and including a soldier dressed in ancient Roman armor. Similarly, Robert imaginatively portrays the Grotto of Posillipo. Measuring over 2000 feet in length, this tunnel was carved from volcanic rock by ancient Romans to connect Naples with Pozzuoli. While this passageway was improved by repaving and reinforcing the arches during the reign of Charles III of Naples (1734\u201359), this structure was never the grand tunnel Robert depicts\u2014with coffered vaults and engaged columns.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473215"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.97-pair-of-paintings-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n207"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127-131; Reproduced: p. 129-130", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.97", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97/1976.97_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "554", "filesize": "", "filename": "1976.97_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97/1976.97_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2092", "filesize": "", "filename": "1976.97_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97/1976.97_full.tif", "width": "9549", "height": "5875", "filesize": "", "filename": "1976.97_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-02-04T15:42:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.97/1976.97_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "900", "filesize": "152537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.97/1976.97_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2764", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1539686"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.97/1976.97_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4852", "height": "5969", "filesize": "86914508"}}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 148860, "creators": [{"id": 1955, "description": "Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-10-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:43.673000"}, {"id": 149290, "accession_number": "1978.125", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study of a Shepherd, 1700s. France, 18th century. Oil on paper, mounted on board; framed: 64 x 52.5 x 4.5 cm (25 3/16 x 20 11/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 54 x 42.5 cm (21 1/4 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, 1978.125", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Study of a Shepherd", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1709, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on paper, mounted on board", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 64 x 52.5 x 4.5 cm (25 3/16 x 20 11/16 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 54 x 42.5 cm (21 1/4 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.64, "width": 0.525, "depth": 0.045}, "unframed": {"height": 0.54, "width": 0.425}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "Year in Review: 1978. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Galerie Joseph Hahn, Paris, France, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1973-1974", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. Noah L. Butkin (1918-1982) and Mrs. Muriel Spiro Butkin (1915-2008), Shaker Heights, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1974-1978", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The attribution of this unsigned painting remains unsettled and may be by a French or Italian artist. Among the names proposed have been Joseph-Marie Vien the Elder and Hugues Taraval.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473417"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.125-study-of-a-shepherd"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156: Mentioned: p. 155, cat. no. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 66, no. 1 (1979).", "page_number": "p. 15, cat. no. 32", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.125", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.125/1978.125_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "377317", "filename": "1978.125_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.125/1978.125_print.jpg", "width": "2667", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5341137", "filename": "1978.125_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.125/1978.125_full.tif", "width": "4016", "height": "5119", "filesize": "61709572", "filename": "1978.125_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149290, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Head and Shoulder Study of a Shepherd (?) with a Staff"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:58.791000"}, {"id": 153240, "accession_number": "1986.207", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Highboy, 1700\u20131720. America, Massachusetts, William and Mary style, 18th century. Burled maple veneer with walnut herringbone bandings; overall: 158.4 x 94 x 52.8 cm (62 3/8 x 37 x 20 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Gordon D. Meals and Jean F. Meals in memory of Moselle T. Meals, 1986.207", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Highboy", "creation_date": "1700\u20131720", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["America, Massachusetts, William and Mary style, 18th century"], "technique": "burled maple veneer with walnut herringbone bandings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 158.4 x 94 x 52.8 cm (62 3/8 x 37 x 20 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.584, "width": 0.94, "depth": 0.528}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "Year in Review for 1986. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Israel Sack); Mrs. Giles Whiting; (SPB, New York, 14-22 April 1972, #571); Gordon D. Meals.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1257.1974"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "One of the most notable developments in American furniture around 1700 was the introduction of \"highboys\" --- tall chests of drawers on high stands. These chests, often with bases having elaborately turned legs connected by a framework of stretchers, resemble closely English examples of the late 1600s during the reign of William and Mary. The decoration consists almost entirely of thin layers, or veneers, of richly patterned wood. These veneers were cut from burls (tumorlike growths on trees) and then carefully assembled and glued to create symmetrical patterns like those seen on the front of this highboy. The brass pulls on the drawers are typical of this period and may be original.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757097"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.207-highboy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1986.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 74, no. 2 (February 1987): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59; Mentioned: p. 62, no. 43", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159974"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34 - 35", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.207", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.207/1986.207_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "384747", "filename": "1986.207_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.207/1986.207_print.jpg", "width": "2659", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5668164", "filename": "1986.207_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.207/1986.207_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": "", "filename": "1986.207_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-10-30T18:22:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.207/1986.207_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "893", "filesize": "387229"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.207/1986.207_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2756", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5608827"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1986.207/1986.207_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4716", "height": "5819", "filesize": "82403176"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Gordon D. Meals and Jean F. Meals in memory of Moselle T. Meals", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 153240, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700\u20131720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:08.818000"}, {"id": 154214, "accession_number": "1988.32", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Side Chair, c. 1760. America, New York. Mahogany; overall: 105.4 x 57.2 x 54.3 cm (41 1/2 x 22 1/2 x 21 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1988.32", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Side Chair", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["America, New York"], "technique": "mahogany", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 105.4 x 57.2 x 54.3 cm (41 1/2 x 22 1/2 x 21 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.054, "width": 0.572, "depth": 0.543}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "pieced splat with initials of first owners: R M & L; seat cover with initials of second owner: C L G; Roman numeral VI incised on inner surface of rear seat rail.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310246, "title": "The Year in Review for 1988", "description": "The Year in Review for 1988. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 14, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert (1718-1775) and Margaret Beekman (1724-1800) Livingston of Clermont; their daughter Catherine Livingston Garreston (1752-1849; her daughter Mary Rutherford Garreston (d. 1879); several generations of the Tillotson Wainwright family.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Chairs with their splats pierced with a decorative monogram are rare in eighteenth-century English furniture, and this chair is part of a unique American set. The initials \"R.M.L.\" are those of Robert (1718\u20131775) and Margaret Beekman (1724\u20131800) Livingston of Clemont, a house on the Hudson River north of New York City.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756623"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.32-side-chair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1988.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 76, no. 2 (February 1989): 30\u201375. ", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p, 69, no. 27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160061"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \u201cA Livingston Chair.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 76, no. 9 (November 1989): 326\u2013331.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 326-331, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160093"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1988.32", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.32/1988.32_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "263756", "filename": "1988.32_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.32/1988.32_print.jpg", "width": "2767", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4640085", "filename": "1988.32_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.32/1988.32_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6134", "filesize": "91898932", "filename": "1988.32_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-08-16T14:34:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.32/1988.32_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "893", "filesize": "226499"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.32/1988.32_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2776", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4382885"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1988.32/1988.32_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6114", "filesize": "91601760"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 154214, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1988-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:04.673000"}, {"id": 136937, "accession_number": "1961.413", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Putto, c. 1760. Workshop of Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775). Painted and gilded wood; overall: 59 x 43.2 x 16.3 cm (23 1/4 x 17 x 6 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.413", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Putto", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Munich, 18th century"], "technique": "painted and gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 59 x 43.2 x 16.3 cm (23 1/4 x 17 x 6 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.59, "width": 0.432, "depth": 0.163}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Johanneskirchen near Munich", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Possiblly Rathspieler (Munich)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Paul Drey Gallery (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This charming winged putto reclines on a cloud, hands clasped in an attitude of adoration. It is probably a fragment of a large decorative scheme of a church, perhaps the Johanneskirchen near Munich.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778502"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"Annual Report: Decorative Arts.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XLIX (June, 1962):125-126.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLIX, no.11 ( November, 1964): 222.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" The Art Quarterly XXV, no. 3 (Autumn 1962): 262-280.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"Eighteenth century Sculpture from Germany and Austria.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LI (January, 1964): 3-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n174"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Thesis Ph.D. Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 41a; Mentioned: p. 326-329", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.413", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.413/1961.413_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "323457", "filename": "1961.413_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.413/1961.413_print.jpg", "width": "2769", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4996220", "filename": "1961.413_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.413/1961.413_full.tif", "width": "4553", "height": "5590", "filesize": "76383584", "filename": "1961.413_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-01-12T15:43:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "893", "filesize": "232968"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2207", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3706967"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3695", "height": "5691", "filesize": "63111528"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-12T16:03:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "625", "height": "893", "filesize": "233916"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2380", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3840526"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4251", "height": "6072", "filesize": "77462896"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-12T16:21:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "893", "filesize": "341989"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2817", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5304813"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4200", "height": "5069", "filesize": "63896700"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-12T18:13:04", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "891", "filesize": "429581"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2399", "filesize": "3481261"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6291", "height": "4440", "filesize": "83823044"}}, {"date_created": "2010-01-12T18:25:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "740", "filesize": "396379"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1992", "filesize": "3014181"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1961.413/1961.413_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6460", "height": "3786", "filesize": "73400348"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 136937, "creators": [{"id": 12250, "description": "Ignaz G\u00fcnther (German, 1725\u20131775)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "workshop of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1775", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:15.190000"}, {"id": 125941, "accession_number": "1948.176", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wall Panels: The Gardener, Horticulture, The Vineyard, The See-Saw, The Swing, c. 1723\u201327. Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743). Oil on canvas; framed: 157 x 43 x 5.5 cm (61 13/16 x 16 15/16 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 151 x 36.5 cm (59 7/16 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.176", "current_location": null, "title": "Wall Panels: The Gardener, Horticulture, The Vineyard, The See-Saw, The Swing", "creation_date": "c. 1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1718, "creation_date_latest": 1732, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 157 x 43 x 5.5 cm (61 13/16 x 16 15/16 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 151 x 36.5 cm (59 7/16 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.57, "width": 0.43, "depth": 0.055}, "unframed": {"height": 1.51, "width": 0.365}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309656, "title": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts", "description": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8, 1983-June 3, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth-Century, Detroit Institute of Art. MI (December 2-20, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-12-02T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Three French Reigns (Louis XIV, XV, & XVI), London (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Nicolas Lancret 1690-1743, Frick Collection (Nov. 19, 1991-Jan. 12, 1992); The Kimbell Art Museum (Feb. 15-Apr. 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 8, 1961-January 7, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-09-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Viscount Pierre de Chezelles and Vicomte Hippolyte le Sellier de Chezelles", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lord Duveen (1869-1939), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1926 - at least 1933", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. 'Commodore' Louis Dudley Beaumont (1857-1942) and Mrs. \n Beaumont (Helene M. Thomas) (1895-1988), Cap d\u2019Antibes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "about 1935\u201336-1942", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-1948", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This whimsical series is one typically found in fashionable, elite Parisian residences of the eighteenth century. Panel paintings of this variety were created to decorate the space above chair rails and in between doors and windows, and Lancret's series was painted for a room in the Pavillon d'Hauteville in Paris. In keeping with the eighteenth-century French tradition of depicting the four seasons or the times of the day, Lancret's five decorative panels have a unifying theme. Pastoral activities and games, favored themes of Lancret, are the overarching motifs, and depict afternoon pastimes, set in nature. Three of the panels, the Swing, the See Saw, and the Vineyard, depict lithe, youthful duets playfully engaging in the outdoor pleasures, while the narrower panels, the Gardener and Horticulture, host individual figures cultivating lush, private gardens. Despite the disparate subjects, stylistic details unify the series, including the delicate arabesques derived from nature that frame the scenes, and similar flora and fauna in each panel.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515527"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.176-wall-panels-the-gard"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Lancret. Paris: G. Servant, 1924.", "page_number": "p. 120, mentioned under no. 742", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, December 2 to 20, 1926. [Detroit]: [Institute of Arts], 1926.", "page_number": "Nos. 32-33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301. Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. [London]: [publisher not identified], 1933.", "page_number": "no. 82.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"A French Rococo Collection Goes to Cleveland\", Art News, XLVII (September 1948).", "page_number": "p. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 10 (1948).", "page_number": "p. 222, illus. 226-27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141515"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 487, 489", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82-85; Mentioned: p. 82-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holmes, Mary Tavener, and Joseph Focarino. Nicolas Lancret: 1690-1743. New York: H.N. Abrams in association with the Frick Collection, 1992.", "page_number": "pp 60-63, cat. No. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wintermute, Alan \"One of the Great Sponges: The Art of Nicolas Lancret,\" Apollo (March 1992).", "page_number": "p. 191", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milam, Jennifer Dawn. Fragonard's Playful Paintings: Visual Games in Rococo Art. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "p.145, fig.46", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.176", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.176/1948.176_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "397", "filesize": "247851", "filename": "1948.176_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.176/1948.176_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1498", "filesize": "1780807", "filename": "1948.176_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.176/1948.176_full.tif", "width": "13615", "height": "6000", "filesize": "245093260", "filename": "1948.176_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125941, "creators": [{"id": 1885, "description": "Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1718, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:38.826000"}, {"id": 97196, "accession_number": "1916.830", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mirror cover (tensifa), 1700s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, T\u00e9touan, Moroccan embroiderer. Linen, silk, dye; overall: 333.9 x 56.6 cm (131 7/16 x 22 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.830", "current_location": null, "title": "Mirror cover (tensifa)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Morocco, T\u00e9touan, Moroccan embroiderer"], "technique": "Linen, silk, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 333.9 x 56.6 cm (131 7/16 x 22 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.339, "width": 0.566}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Satin stitch is used to produce the broad, smooth surface of the floral patterns seen here.", "description": "Special embroidered textiles were used by newylwed Moroccan couples to cover the mirror in their home. This was done to protect them from the evil eye and unfavorable gazes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79481339"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.830-tensifa-ceremonial-s", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.830-mirror-cover-tensifa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stone, Caroline. The Embroideries of North Africa. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paydar, Niloo Imami, and Ivo Grammet. The Fabric of Moroccan Life. Indianapolis, Ind: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Denamur, Isabelle, Pierre Ferbos, and Louise Rogers Lalaurie. Moroccan textile embroidery. Paris: Flammarion, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 58-59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alaoui, Rachida. Florile\u0300ge de la broderie marocaine. [Milan]: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Meek, Rachel. \"Outfit for the Royal Guard, Siam Mirror Cover, Morocco.\" HALI 224 (Summer 2025): 28-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Meek, Rachel. \"Outfit for the royal guard, Siam; Mirror cover, Morocco.\" The Hali Antique Carpet and Textile Art Fair, vol.224 (Summer 2025), pp. 28\u201329", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 29", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.830", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.830/1916.830_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "170", "filesize": "111715", "filename": "1916.830_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.830/1916.830_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "642", "filesize": "1044757", "filename": "1916.830_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.830/1916.830_full.tif", "width": "25600", "height": "4836", "filesize": "371431808", "filename": "1916.830_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-04-27T19:07:17", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "893", "filesize": "605208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2582", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9504810"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4831", "height": "6360", "filesize": "92208960"}}, {"date_created": "2011-04-27T19:02:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "447", "height": "893", "filesize": "362508"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1703", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5811162"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3288", "height": "6561", "filesize": "64746488"}}, {"date_created": "2024-10-10T14:56:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "169", "filesize": "106604"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "639", "filesize": "981714"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt2_full.tif", "width": "25724", "height": "4832", "filesize": "372922028"}}, {"date_created": "2011-04-27T18:57:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "451", "height": "893", "filesize": "353623"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1716", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5728296"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3366", "height": "6668", "filesize": "134693204"}}, {"date_created": "2011-04-27T19:12:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "633298"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9116575"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.830/1916.830_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99894108"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97196, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:01.126000"}, {"id": 98875, "accession_number": "1918.550", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bridal Robe (Hwarot), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Satin weave silk; silk embroidery; paper edging on neck and sleeves; overall: 118.1 x 179.7 cm (46 1/2 x 70 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1918.550", "current_location": null, "title": "Bridal Robe (Hwarot)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Satin weave silk; silk embroidery; paper edging on neck and sleeves", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Overall: 118.1 x 179.7 cm (46 1/2 x 70 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.181, "width": 1.797}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[\u4e8c\u59d3]\u4e4b\u5408 / [\u767e]\u798f\u4e4b\u6e90", "inscription_translation": "\"The union of the two sexes is the source of all happiness.\"", "inscription_remark": "This standard auspicious inscription was embroidered on fabric to the left and right of the collar. The characters in the brackets are obscured by fabric that was later added to repair the robe.", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Worcester R. Warner [1846\u20131929], Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This bride's robe was not made for one specific bride, but rather was shared and passed down to many brides.", "description": "This bride's robe is exquisitely embroidered with various symbols of happiness in colorful silk threads. Butterflies stand for marital happiness; the phoenix, numerous offspring; and lotus flowers and white cranes, longevity. Yet, the bridal robe does not attest to the life of luxury. To the contrary, many traces of repairs, trimmings, and patchwork reflect Joseon period women\u2019s commitment to value neo-Confucian aesthetics of frugality and modesty.
Substantial repairs and patching reveal that this robe served as an important communal resource to be shared and passed down through several generations. Its collar and sleeves are covered in thick white paper; this paper is replaced with new paper for each bride, while the robe itself was reused for decades.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485862"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.550-bride-s-robe", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.550-bridal-robe-hwarot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Suh, Kisook. The Documentary Value of Repairs to the Hwarot, the Korean Bridal Robe. DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2006. .", "page_number": "p. 79-87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Artistic Court Embroidery [\uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uad81\uc911\uc790\uc218]. Seoul: National Palace Museum. 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kwon, Hea-jin and Ji-yeon Kim. \u201cStudy on the Formative Characteristics of Embroidery Panels of Hwarot at the Victoria and Albert Museum [\ube45\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc544 \uc568\ubc84\ud2b8 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00 \uc18c\uc7a5 \ud65c\uc637\uc758 \uc870\ud615\uc131 \uc5f0\uad6c].\u201d Boksik (2013): 176-188.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06676006"}, {"citation": "O, Suk-gyeong and Hong Na-young. \u201cThe Usage of Paper in the Costumes of the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ubcf5\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc885\uc774\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c].\u201d Boksik (2015): 75-91.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06676132"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Past and Present of the Korean Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 22-37. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 23-24, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 244-245, no. 136", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.550", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.550/1918.550_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "529290", "filename": "1918.550_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.550/1918.550_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "4201401", "filename": "1918.550_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.550/1918.550_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99892308", "filename": "1918.550_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-10-27T17:27:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "467679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "4338081"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99892232"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-27T18:16:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "938418"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "9049697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99890092"}}, {"date_created": "2010-10-27T18:24:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "546970"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8429498"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.550/1918.550_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99888920"}}], "creditline": "The Worcester R. Warner Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98875, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-09-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bride's Robe"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:23.917000"}, {"id": 110929, "accession_number": "1929.443", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flight into Egypt: The Embarkment of the Holy Family, c. 1735. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; framing lines in black chalk; sheet: 30 x 44.7 cm (11 13/16 x 17 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.443", "current_location": null, "title": "Flight into Egypt: The Embarkment of the Holy Family", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; framing lines in black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30 x 44.7 cm (11 13/16 x 17 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.3, "width": 0.447}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "upper left, in black chalk: [851?] [sideways]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357112, "title": "Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America", "description": "Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (January 1-31, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312437, "title": "Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London", "description": "Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 30-October 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347343, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "Italian Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304539, "title": "Brush Drawings", "description": "Brush Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 3-May 10, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "The Tiepolos and Their World. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "National Schools of Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (dates? 1970?).", "opening_date": "1970-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (installed Feb. 8, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 11-Apr. 1, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Sep. 19-Nov. 5, 1962).[?]", "opening_date": "1962-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Mar. 7-Apr. 26, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition (Mar. 3, 1958-Oct. 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"End of Continuous Exhibition of CMA Old Master Drawings in Director's Corridor in Old Bldg.\" (closed Mar. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, The Life of the Virgin (Dec. 7, 1954-Jan. 2, 1955).", "opening_date": "1954-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (rearranged: Jan. 21, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts; Indianapolis, John Herron Art Institute, An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century (Sep. 30-Nov. 2; Nov. 15-Dec. 31, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts, Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums (June 1-Sep. 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (removed from director's corridor May 10, 1950; rehung Jan. 8, 1951?).", "opening_date": "1950-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Apr. 8, 1949- ).", "opening_date": "1949-04-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of the Berlin Paintings (Jan. 11-Mar. 27, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May. 14, 1946- ).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (July 27, 1944- ).", "opening_date": "1944-07-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 29, 1943-July 27, 1944).", "opening_date": "1943-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 17-Oct. 4, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Oct. 28, 1941-May 31, 1942).", "opening_date": "1941-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (removed from gallery II Oct. 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Mar. 4-Apr., 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old Italian Masters from the Collection (June 5, 1940-Feb. 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 4-Mar. 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London, Supplemented by Drawings from the Collection (Oct. 1-30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1930-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection (June 21-Sep. 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago, Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings and Prints by the Two Tiepolos: Giambattista and Giandomenico (Feb. 4-Mar. 6, 1938), no. 51, illus.", "opening_date": "1938-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"40 Drawings from the Museum Collection\" (May 28-Nov. 7, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Laces and Drawings from the Museum Collection (Dec. 16, 1936-Jan. 3, 1937).", "opening_date": "1936-12-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May 21-Dec. 13, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-05-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Exhibition of Drawings from the Museum Collection Supplemented by Loans from Local Collections (July 10-Sep. 15, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-07-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright Art Gallery, Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America (Jan., 1935), no. 66, illus.", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Nov. 8-Dec. 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Exhibition of Lace, Drawings, and Furniture (July 11-Sep. 3. 1934).", "opening_date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings of the Period Shown with the Louise Tifft Brown Lace Bequest\" (Dec. 12, 1933-Jan. 1, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Exhibition of Drawings from 1630 to 1830 in the Classic and Romantic Tradition (Dec. 7, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (Jan. 6, 1930-Dec. 1, 1932).", "opening_date": "1930-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Magnasco Society (1927), no. 44.", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759317"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.443-flight-into-egypt-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Two Drawings by Tiepolo.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 1 (January 1930): 4-7", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4-7; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137266"}, {"citation": "Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Gordon Bailey Washburn, and Agnes Mongan. Master Drawings, Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America; January, 1935, the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York. [Buffalo, N.Y.]: [F.W. Burow], 1935.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 574", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n107"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n168"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n168"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n164"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.443", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.443/1929.443_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "847", "filesize": "170793", "filename": "1929.443_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.443/1929.443_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2281", "filesize": "1428059", "filename": "1929.443_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.443/1929.443_full.tif", "width": "7917", "height": "5312", "filesize": "126187368", "filename": "1929.443_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 110929, "creators": [{"id": 2329, "description": "Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Flight into Egypt: The Holy Family Embarking in a Small Boat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:52.991000"}, {"id": 663153, "accession_number": "1969.32.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cover for a Carved Lacquer Scroll Box, 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Cinnabar carved lacquer on wood; overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.32.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Cover for a Carved Lacquer Scroll Box", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "cinnabar carved lacquer on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.14, "width": 0.147, "depth": 0.59}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5fc3\u5beb\u6cbb\u5e73", "inscription_translation": "In his heart is envisioned a peaceful reign.", "inscription_remark": "The inscription on the cover of the lacquer box expresses the Qianlong Emperor's ambition for his reign.\nAn alternate translation is \"Mind Picture of a Well-Governed and Tranquil Reign.\"", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing imperial collection (Emperor Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795), Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1736", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, France. December 17\u201318, 1928 sale. Lot 329)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 17\u201318, 1928", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 144689, "description": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts (\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377), 1736\u201370s. Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766), and others (Chinese). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.31", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the original box for the handscroll Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts, CMA 1969.31.", "description": "The elaborate design, superior craftsmanship, and inscription carved into the red cinnabar lacquer proclaim the imperial pedigree of this scroll box. On either end appears a five-clawed dragon, a design reserved only for an emperor. More dragons twist and wind through swirling clouds and waves along the length of the box\u2019s sides and top. The carving is intricate and vigorous, while the design is controlled and regular. This box originally housed the handscroll, CMA 1969.31, private portraits of the Emperor Qianlong, his empress, and 11 other favorites among his presumed 40 or more wives during his 60-year reign.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121358788"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.32.a-base-for-a-carved-la", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.32.a-cover-for-a-carved-l"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "I\u00b0 Collection de M. J. Poberejsky (Premi\u00e8re Vente), Importante Suite de Pierres Dures de La Chine ..., II\u00b0 Appartenant \u00c0 Divers Amateurs, C\u00e9ramique de La Chine, Laques de P\u00e9kin, Sculptures Cambodgiennes et Siamoises, Importants Brule-Parfums et Paravent En \u00c9maux Cloisonn\u00e9s ..., Belle Suite de Peintures Provenant Du Palais Imp\u00e9rial (XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle) ... 17 and 18 December 1928 sale. Ho\u0302tel Drouot, Paris, France.", "page_number": "Mentioned; lot no. 329, p. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 57, no. 1, 1970, pp. 2\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51, no. 234", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1969.\u201d Archives of Asian Art, vol. 24, 1970, pp. 86\u2013117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111025"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 8 (October 1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 36, p. 322", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 367, no. 201", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.32.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32.a/1969.32.a_web.jpg", "width": "390", "height": "900", "filesize": "187829", "filename": "1969.32.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32.a/1969.32.a_print.jpg", "width": "1474", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1349651", "filename": "1969.32.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32.a/1969.32.a_full.tif", "width": "6008", "height": "13858", "filesize": "249803952", "filename": "1969.32.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-08-10T21:33:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.a/1969.32.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "398", "filesize": "118797"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.a/1969.32.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1505", "filesize": "416819"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.a/1969.32.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13412", "height": "5936", "filesize": "238867652"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 663153, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1969.32", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:51.778000"}, {"id": 663154, "accession_number": "1969.32.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Base for a Carved Lacquer Scroll Box, 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Cinnabar carved lacquer on wood; overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.32.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Base for a Carved Lacquer Scroll Box", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "cinnabar carved lacquer on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.14, "width": 0.147, "depth": 0.59}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5fc3\u5beb\u6cbb\u5e73", "inscription_translation": "In his heart is envisioned a peaceful reign.", "inscription_remark": "The inscription on the cover of the lacquer box expresses the Qianlong Emperor's ambition for his reign.\nAn alternate translation is \"Mind Picture of a Well-Governed and Tranquil Reign.\"", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing imperial collection (Emperor Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795), Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1736", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, France. December 17\u201318, 1928 sale. Lot 329)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 17\u201318, 1928", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 144689, "description": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts (\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377), 1736\u201370s. Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766), and others (Chinese). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.31", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the original box for the handscroll Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts, CMA 1969.31.", "description": "The elaborate design, superior craftsmanship, and inscription carved into the red cinnabar lacquer proclaim the imperial pedigree of this scroll box. On either end appears a five-clawed dragon, a design reserved only for an emperor. More dragons twist and wind through swirling clouds and waves along the length of the box\u2019s sides and top. The carving is intricate and vigorous, while the design is controlled and regular. This box originally housed the handscroll, CMA 1969.31, private portraits of the Emperor Qianlong, his empress, and 11 other favorites among his presumed 40 or more wives during his 60-year reign.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121358791"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.32.b-cover-for-a-carved-l", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.32.b-base-for-a-carved-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "I\u00b0 Collection de M. J. Poberejsky (Premi\u00e8re Vente), Importante Suite de Pierres Dures de La Chine ..., II\u00b0 Appartenant \u00c0 Divers Amateurs, C\u00e9ramique de La Chine, Laques de P\u00e9kin, Sculptures Cambodgiennes et Siamoises, Importants Brule-Parfums et Paravent En \u00c9maux Cloisonn\u00e9s ..., Belle Suite de Peintures Provenant Du Palais Imp\u00e9rial (XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle) ... 17 and 18 December 1928 sale. Ho\u0302tel Drouot, Paris, France.", "page_number": "Mentioned; lot no. 329, p. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 57, no. 1, 1970, pp. 2\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51, no. 234", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1969.\u201d Archives of Asian Art, vol. 24, 1970, pp. 86\u2013117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111025"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 8 (October 1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 36, p. 322", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 367, no. 201", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.32.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "398", "filesize": "114390", "filename": "1969.32.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1504", "filesize": "437467", "filename": "1969.32.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_full.tif", "width": "13412", "height": "5933", "filesize": "238746692", "filename": "1969.32.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-08-10T21:42:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "399", "filesize": "113810"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1508", "filesize": "425094"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13412", "height": "5950", "filesize": "239430680"}}, {"date_created": "2023-08-10T21:48:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "799", "filesize": "139431"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3020", "filesize": "881679"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5687", "height": "5052", "filesize": "86219204"}}, {"date_created": "2023-08-10T21:52:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "796", "filesize": "138735"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3006", "filesize": "867691"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5687", "height": "5028", "filesize": "85809760"}}, {"date_created": "2023-08-10T21:57:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "396", "filesize": "113910"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1495", "filesize": "363741"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13412", "height": "5899", "filesize": "237378720"}}, {"date_created": "2023-08-10T22:02:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "397", "filesize": "125784"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1499", "filesize": "511722"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.32.b/1969.32.b_alt4_full.tif", "width": "13412", "height": "5913", "filesize": "237942292"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 663154, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1969.32", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:51.854000"}, {"id": 165164, "accession_number": "2007.160", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altar figure (on\u00edl\u00e9), possibly 1700s. Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style maker. Copper alloy; with base: 34.3 x 10.8 x 25.4 cm (13 1/2 x 4 1/4 x 10 in.); without base: 31.3 x 10.8 x 25.4 cm (12 5/16 x 4 1/4 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Alma Kroeger Fund, 2007.160", "current_location": null, "title": "Altar figure (on\u00edl\u00e9)", "creation_date": "possibly 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style maker"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "with base: 34.3 x 10.8 x 25.4 cm (13 1/2 x 4 1/4 x 10 in.); without base: 31.3 x 10.8 x 25.4 cm (12 5/16 x 4 1/4 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 0.343, "width": 0.108, "depth": 0.254}, "without base": {"height": 0.313, "width": 0.108, "depth": 0.254}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Lucien van de Velde, Antwerp, Belgium, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132007", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2007\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Images of horses and riders cast in copper alloy are rare among Yoruba sculptures.", "description": "This figure of a horse and rider is related to the \u00d2gb\u00f3ni society, whose responsibilities include the burial of titleholders and leaders and the judgment and punishment of criminals. A counterweight to the authority of the king, it is also responsible for the selection, installation, and removal of rulers. Probably once forming a pair with a female figure, the equestrian symbolized the king\u2019s male ancestors.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746189"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2007.160-altar-figure-onile"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dobbelmann, Dr. Theo. A.H.M Het geheime Ogboni-genootschap: Een bronskultuur uit Zuid-West Nigeria. Exhibition catalogue. Berg en Dal, Netherlands: Afrika Museum, 1976: fig. 117, group 14.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Herreman, Frank, ed. with contributions by Herman Burssens [et al.]. Material Differences: art and identity in Africa. Published in conjunction with an exhibition of the same title organized by the Museum for African Art, New York. New York: Museum for African Art; Snoeck-Ducaju & Zoon, 2003: 100, cat. 94.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jacob, Alain and Florin Dragu. Bronzes de l'afrique noir. ABC decor, ABC Collection Series. Pairs: C.P.I.P, 1974: 42.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roberts, Allen F. Animals in African Art: From the Familiar to the Marvelous. Published in conjunction with an exhibition of the same title organized by the Museum for African Art, New York: The Museum for African Art; Prestel-Verlag, 1995: 115, fig. 20.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Witte, Hans, Dr. Earth and the Ancestors: Ogboni iconography. Catalogue of an exhibition. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Gallery Balolu, 1988: 94, 95, plate 24.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". African Arts. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011. Pg. 62, Fig. 9.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2007.160", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.160/2007.160_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "51218", "filename": "2007.160_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.160/2007.160_print.jpg", "width": "2220", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3360583", "filename": "2007.160_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.160/2007.160_full.tif", "width": "3918", "height": "6000", "filesize": "70556064", "filename": "2007.160_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-10-30T15:54:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "289622"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2671", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4283807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6996", "height": "8904", "filesize": "186909100"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-30T15:59:50", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "741", "height": "893", "filesize": "287356"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2821", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4213261"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7932", "height": "9561", "filesize": "227545812"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-30T15:56:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "284222"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2733", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4156987"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7512", "height": "9346", "filesize": "210653724"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-30T15:57:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "893", "filesize": "109996"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2388", "height": "3400", "filesize": "873840"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2007.160/2007.160_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6228", "height": "8867", "filesize": "165703012"}}], "creditline": "Alma Kroeger Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 165164, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2007-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Equestrian Figure (Onile)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:24.253000"}, {"id": 123692, "accession_number": "1944.229", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Covered Vases, 1749. Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710). Porcelain mounted in gilt bronze; overall: 37.4 x 32.7 x 21 cm (14 3/4 x 12 7/8 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.229", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Pair of Covered Vases", "creation_date": "1749", "creation_date_earliest": 1749, "creation_date_latest": 1749, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, 18th century"], "technique": "porcelain mounted in gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 37.4 x 32.7 x 21 cm (14 3/4 x 12 7/8 x 8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.374, "width": 0.327, "depth": 0.21}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection; (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "One of these vases is dated 1749. They were perhaps part of a set of four covered vases that we know from documents were acquired by Mme. de Pompadour, mistress of Louis XV in 1752.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781059"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.229-pair-of-covered-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Early French and German Porcelain Formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 31, no. 9 (November 1944): 160-162.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162; Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141159"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 310", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n61"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n201"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 64, no. 67", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.229", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.229/1944.229_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "621", "filesize": "225516", "filename": "1944.229_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.229/1944.229_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2345", "filesize": "1591118", "filename": "1944.229_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.229/1944.229_full.tif", "width": "11991", "height": "8269", "filesize": "297487176", "filename": "1944.229_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123692, "creators": [{"id": 11685, "description": "Meissen Porcelain Factory (German, est. c. 1710)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "the first and for half a century the best in Europe. It set a high standard which was emulated everywhere, even in China. Founded in 1710 as the Royal Saxon Porcelain Manufacture by Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, at Meissen, near Dresden.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1710", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1749, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1749", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:09.354000"}, {"id": 166768, "accession_number": "2008.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Console Table, c. 1725. Jules-Michel Hardouin (1635\u20131737), Michel II Lange, Pierre Turpin. Carved gilt wood, marble top (griotte de campan); overall: 92 x 202 x 69.5 cm (36 1/4 x 79 1/2 x 27 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2008.6", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Console Table", "creation_date": "c. 1725", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1730, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "carved gilt wood, marble top (griotte de campan)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 92 x 202 x 69.5 cm (36 1/4 x 79 1/2 x 27 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.92, "width": 2.02, "depth": 0.695}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778275"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.6-console-table"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baulez, Christian \"Un Chef-D'Oeuvre de Menuiserie de Michel Ii Lange.\" L'Estampille/L'Objet d'art 509 (Fevrier 2015): 50-55.", "page_number": "50, 51", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.6/2008.6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "541", "filesize": "173095", "filename": "2008.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.6/2008.6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2045", "filesize": "1429451", "filename": "2008.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.6/2008.6_full.tif", "width": "3768", "height": "2266", "filesize": "25650256", "filename": "2008.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166768, "creators": [{"id": 62221, "description": "Jules-Michel Hardouin (1635\u20131737)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1635", "death_year": "1737", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 62227, "description": "Michel II Lange", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 62224, "description": "Pierre Turpin", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1725", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:22.694000"}, {"id": 108172, "accession_number": "1925.794", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Part of a Skirt (Ghaghara), early 1800s. Western India, Gujarat, possibly Kutch. Silk satin embroidered with silk in \"ari\" chain stitch; overall: 83.8 x 35.9 cm (33 x 14 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1925.794", "current_location": null, "title": "Part of a Skirt (Ghaghara)", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Western India, Gujarat, possibly Kutch"], "technique": "silk satin embroidered with silk in \"ari\" chain stitch", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Embroidery", "measurements": "Overall: 83.8 x 35.9 cm (33 x 14 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.838, "width": 0.359}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309907, "title": "Needles, Dye-Pots, and Looms: Textile Traditions in India", "description": "Needles, Dye-Pots, and Looms: Textile Traditions in India. 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Since there are continuous, unbroken lines of stitches on the back side of the cloth, they were created using a hooked awl, which is a much faster process than embroidering with a straight needle. This type of embroidery is known as ari work, which flourished in Gujarat during the 19th century.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80056428"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.794-part-of-a-skirt-ghag"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fotheringham, Avalon. The Indian Textile Sourcebook. 2019.", "page_number": "125 and discussion of embroidery technique on pp. 32-33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.794", "images": {"annotation": "Front side", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.794/1925.794_web.jpg", "width": "426", "height": "900", "filesize": "442252", "filename": "1925.794_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.794/1925.794_print.jpg", "width": "1610", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4185723", "filename": "1925.794_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.794/1925.794_full.tif", "width": "3597", "height": "7595", "filesize": "81989400", "filename": "1925.794_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-02-07T09:07:44", "annotation": "Back side", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1925.794/1925.794_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "419", "height": "900", "filesize": "393004"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1925.794/1925.794_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1584", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3823351"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1925.794/1925.794_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3537", "height": "7592", "filesize": "80589560"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108172, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-07-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:30.308000"}, {"id": 119300, "accession_number": "1940.21", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sauce Boat, 1743. Nicolas Duclos (1699\u20131755), master silversmith in 1726. Silver; overall: 7.7 x 22.9 cm (3 1/16 x 9 in.); average: 17.8 cm (7 in.); base: 9.9 x 7.1 cm (3 7/8 x 2 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. S. Prentiss Baldwin, 1940.21", "current_location": null, "title": "Sauce Boat", "creation_date": "1743", "creation_date_earliest": 1743, "creation_date_latest": 1743, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 7.7 x 22.9 cm (3 1/16 x 9 in.); Average: 17.8 cm (7 in.); Base: 9.9 x 7.1 cm (3 7/8 x 2 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.077, "width": 0.229}, "average": {"width": 0.178}, "base": {"height": 0.099, "width": 0.071}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 701687, "title": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton", "description": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton. 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This sauce boat reflects early models in the shape of a nef, a condiment vessel which derives its name from a ship of the same shape.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014412"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.21-sauce-boat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"French Silver.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 27, no. 6 (June 1940): 87-90", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86; Mentioned: p. 88", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140859"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.21", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.21/1940.21_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "785", "filesize": "341497", "filename": "1940.21_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.21/1940.21_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2114", "filesize": "2311518", "filename": "1940.21_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.21/1940.21_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3109", "filesize": "46656320", "filename": "1940.21_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "923", "height": "893", "filesize": "259695"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3290", "filesize": "3416382"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3808", "height": "3685", "filesize": "42117460"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1189", "height": "893", "filesize": "528998"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2553", "filesize": "3768402"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4944", "height": "3712", "filesize": "55078140"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "734", "filesize": "666526"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1976", "filesize": "4067500"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1940.21/1940.21_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2906", "filesize": "43614940"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. S. 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China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain; overall: 55 cm (21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.694", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Blue Bottle Vases", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 55 cm (21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.55}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "James Parmelee [1855\u20131931] bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131940", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1940.694"], "did_you_know": "The vase's lip top, inside, and bottom were glazed with bluish-white with tiny dark speckles.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in nonofficial positions. Imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftsmanship. This blue bottle vase exemplifies the technical perfection of Qing dynasty court artisans who surpassed their predecessors in technical skill.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80015165"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.694.1-blue-bottle-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M., et al. \u201cThe Bequest of James Parmelee.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 28, no. 2, 1941, pp. 15\u201331.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25140904"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.694.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.694.1/1940.694.1_web.jpg", "width": "633", "height": "893", "filesize": "24527", "filename": "1940.694.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.694.1/1940.694.1_print.jpg", "width": "2411", "height": "3400", "filesize": "341151", "filename": "1940.694.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.694.1/1940.694.1_full.tif", "width": "4731", "height": "6671", "filesize": "126270264", "filename": "1940.694.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of James Parmelee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119885, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-10-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1940.694", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:08.366000"}, {"id": 119886, "accession_number": "1940.694.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Blue Bottle Vase, 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95). Porcelain; overall: 55 cm (21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.694.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Blue Bottle Vase", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 55 cm (21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.55}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "James Parmelee [1855\u20131931] bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131940", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1940.695"], "did_you_know": "The vase's lip top, inside, and bottom were glazed with bluish-white with tiny dark speckles.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. Imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. This blue bottle vase exemplifies the technical perfection of Qing dynasty court artisans who surpassed their predecessors in technical skill.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80015167"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.694.2-blue-bottle-vase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M., et al. \u201cThe Bequest of James Parmelee.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 28, no. 2, 1941, pp. 15\u201331.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25140904"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.694.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.694.2/1940.694.2_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "893", "filesize": "22756", "filename": "1940.694.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.694.2/1940.694.2_print.jpg", "width": "2384", "height": "3400", "filesize": "292206", "filename": "1940.694.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.694.2/1940.694.2_full.tif", "width": "4784", "height": "6822", "filesize": "130571880", "filename": "1940.694.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of James Parmelee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119886, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-10-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1940.694", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:32.246000"}, {"id": 124163, "accession_number": "1945.167", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mandarin Chain Bead Necklace, 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Tourmaline, jade, pearls, seed pearls, seed coral and gilt metal; overall: 120.6 cm (47 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Ralph King, 1945.167", "current_location": null, "title": "Mandarin Chain Bead Necklace", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "tourmaline, jade, pearls, seed pearls, seed coral and gilt metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 120.6 cm (47 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.206}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 336424, "title": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 12, 2019-February 2, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Ralph [Fanny Tewksbury] King [d. 1949], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131945", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gilt metal was decorated with blue kingfisher feathers.", "description": "Bead necklaces were worn by both high-ranking women and men, with a central string running over the person\u2019s back and two side strings falling parallel to the necklace over the chest.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901823"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.167-mandarin-chain-bead"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"A Mandarin Chain.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 33, no. 3 (March 1946): 27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141262"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.167", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.167/1945.167_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "99324", "filename": "1945.167_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.167/1945.167_print.jpg", "width": "2594", "height": "3400", "filesize": "906767", "filename": "1945.167_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.167/1945.167_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7864", "filesize": "141581108", "filename": "1945.167_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Ralph King", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124163, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-08-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:09.740000"}, {"id": 132646, "accession_number": "1955.164.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Three Sketches of Arches (verso), 1782. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Pen and brown ink; sheet: 25.9 x 36.8 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.164.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Three Sketches of Arches (verso)", "creation_date": "1782", "creation_date_earliest": 1782, "creation_date_latest": 1782, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.9 x 36.8 cm (10 3/16 x 14 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.259, "width": 0.368}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, center right, in graphite: Francesco Guardi / 208 [circled]; lower right, in graphite: 208", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Birmingham, 1951, 19-20, no. 42; cma 1958-59; cma 1959-60a; cma 1965b; cma 1968b; cma 1981-82a; cma 1985b.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Before entering the museum's collection, this sheet may have been cut on the left, possibly to eliminate a sixth carriage that does not appear in Guardi\u2019s other representations of the procession.", "description": "This drawing records a grand procession through Venice's Piazza San Marco on the penultimate day of the 1782 celebrations for the visit of the Russian Grand Duke Paul (Pavel) Petrovitch and his wife Maria Feodorovna. Francesco Guardi was likely commissioned by the Venetian state to document the ducal visit. Drawing from the vantage point of the Procuratie Nuove (a palace on one side of the piazza), Guardi sketched five carriages festooned with allegories, which were meant to celebrate the governments of Catherine the Great and Venice. In order to include as much of the procession as possible, he manipulated the perspective of the buildings on the right side of the square.The loose handling and lively immediacy of the pen work suggests he executed it on the spot. One drawing (Museen Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) and two oil paintings (private collections, Venice and Milan) of the same scene survive. Cleveland\u2019s sheet likely preceded these more detailed and polished compositions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80024739"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.164.b-three-sketches-of-ar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, 70-71, 286, cat. no. 25", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.164.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164.b/1955.164.b_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "738520", "filename": "1955.164.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164.b/1955.164.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2388", "filesize": "6031600", "filename": "1955.164.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.164.b/1955.164.b_full.tif", "width": "6360", "height": "4468", "filesize": "85274888", "filename": "1955.164.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132646, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-03-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1782, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1782", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1955.164", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:33.498000"}, {"id": 137122, "accession_number": "1961.9", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Covered Bowl (\u00c9cuelle), c. 1755. Mennecy Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 9.9 x 13.1 cm (3 7/8 x 5 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1961.9", "current_location": null, "title": "Covered Bowl (\u00c9cuelle)", "creation_date": "c. 1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Mennecy, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 9.9 x 13.1 cm (3 7/8 x 5 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.099, "width": 0.131}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised]: \"D,V\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "Year in Review (1961). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The name \u00e9ceulle originates from the oak, or esculus, that was used to make early medieval bowls of a similar shape.", "description": "Members of the 18th-century French social elite would participate in a lengthy ritual of washing and dressing called the toilette. Along with hair and make-up, this process, which bordered on performance, would also leave time to eat. Small, two handled bowls like this one were used for broths or soups consumed by an individual in the bedroom or boudoir.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031451"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.9-covered-broth-bowl-e", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.9-covered-bowl-ecuelle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Ceramics of the Rococo Age.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 48 (March 1961).", "page_number": "p. 53-54; fig. 4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.9", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.9/1961.9_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "658", "filesize": "161109", "filename": "1961.9_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.9/1961.9_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2487", "filesize": "955628", "filename": "1961.9_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.9/1961.9_full.tif", "width": "7237", "height": "5294", "filesize": "114963160", "filename": "1961.9_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137122, "creators": [{"id": 14014, "description": "Mennecy Factory (French)", "extent": "manufactured by", "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Founded in Paris in 1734, it was transferred to Mennecy in 1748 and to Bourg-la-Reine in 1773. After 1753 it was much restricted by laws imposed to protect the Vincennes factory. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:13.358000"}, {"id": 138441, "accession_number": "1962.357", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (Assiette), c. 1775\u201390. Arras Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain; diameter: 24.6 cm (9 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1962.357", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (Assiette)", "creation_date": "c. 1775\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.6 cm (9 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.246}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The barbeaux pattern was notably used by the Chantilly porcelain factory in the 1770s and was generally produced in either blue or green.", "description": "The porcelain factory of Arras was founded in 1770 with the financial backing of the County of Artois. This plate, with its striking cobalt blue on a milky-white ground, was typical of its short-lived 20 years in porcelain production. The sprigs of stylized cornflowers that decorate the center of this plate, a motif known in France as barbeaux, were popularly reproduced on porcelain during the last quarter of the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034275"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.357-plate-assiette"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, Vol. 50, No. 10 (December 1963).", "page_number": "p. 291, no. 26", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.357", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.357/1962.357_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "185677", "filename": "1962.357_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.357/1962.357_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1294955", "filename": "1962.357_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.357/1962.357_full.tif", "width": "5759", "height": "5759", "filesize": "99527504", "filename": "1962.357_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-06-12T09:54:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.357/1962.357_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "863", "height": "900", "filesize": "157662"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.357/1962.357_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3261", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1053129"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.357/1962.357_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5823", "height": "6072", "filesize": "106099980"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138441, "creators": [{"id": 19362, "description": "Arras Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "began producing soft-paste porcelain in 1770 but closed in 1790. Table-wares only were made, very simply decorated in blue or crimson monochrome with sprigs of flowers or chinoiseries.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775\u201390", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:30.675000"}, {"id": 138443, "accession_number": "1962.359", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (assiette unie), c. 1794. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Etienne Evans (French, 1733\u20131806). Soft paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; diameter: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1962.359", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (assiette unie)", "creation_date": "c. 1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "Soft paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.245}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[In blue, on bottom]: \"CONTIGA, DE CAYENNE\"; \"Sevres RF\"; [Painters mark of \u00c9tienne Evans (dagger)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Incised on bottom]: \"B\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Identified on the back of the plate as Cotinga, du Cayenne, the bird represented is a spangled continga, a species found in the Amazon rainforest.", "description": "French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc\u2019s The Natural History of Birds provided models for bird painting in mid-18th-century France. Engravings in this book by Fran\u00e7ois-Nicolas Marinet likely inspired the bird painted on this plate. These popular representations responded to a growing 18th-century French interest in biologically accurate representations of the natural world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034282"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.359-plate-assiette-unie"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"French Ceramics: The Norweb Collection.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 71 (January 1984): 3-15.", "page_number": "p. 12-13, fig. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.359", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.359/1962.359_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "800", "filesize": "154045", "filename": "1962.359_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.359/1962.359_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3021", "filesize": "1402115", "filename": "1962.359_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.359/1962.359_full.tif", "width": "11784", "height": "10472", "filesize": "370236068", "filename": "1962.359_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-03-01T15:37:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.359/1962.359_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "790", "filesize": "79371"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.359/1962.359_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2985", "filesize": "575686"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1962.359/1962.359_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11918", "height": "10462", "filesize": "374084040"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138443, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 12271, "description": "Etienne Evans (French, 1733\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "painter", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:29.352000"}, {"id": 141276, "accession_number": "1964.505", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cup and Saucer (Tasse et soucoupe), c. 1775\u201395. Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French). Hard-paste porcelain with underglaze blue decoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.505", "current_location": null, "title": "Cup and Saucer (Tasse et soucoupe)", "creation_date": "c. 1775\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Chantilly, late 18th-early 19th century(?)"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain with underglaze blue decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Hunting horn in underglaze blue beneath cup and saucer]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Early 18th-century porcelain attempted to emulate the blue and white design of Chinese ceramics, but the use of this design on a late 18th-century cup is unusual.", "description": "Early French porcelain factories produced ceramics called soft-paste porcelain. Without the addition of the ingredient kaolin, they could not produce the prized hard-paste porcelain of China and Japan. The Chantilly Porcelain Factory only produced hard-paste porcelain in the last decade of the 1700s. Applying the same techniques used on soft-paste to the new hard-paste formula was difficult, which may account for this object\u2019s slightly grayish color and rough blue decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040757"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.505-cup-and-saucer-tasse"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dawson, Aileen. A Catalogue of French Porcelain in the British Museum. London: British Museum Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 44-45", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.505", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.505/1964.505_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "63145", "filename": "1964.505_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.505/1964.505_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "447198", "filename": "1964.505_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.505/1964.505_full.tif", "width": "4575", "height": "3535", "filesize": "48547260", "filename": "1964.505_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141276, "creators": [{"id": 11813, "description": "Chantilly Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:35.857000"}, {"id": 144509, "accession_number": "1969.204", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Guinea: Anne (obverse); Shields and rose (reverse), 1703. England, Anne, 1702-1714. Gold; diameter: 2.5 cm (1 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.204", "current_location": null, "title": "Guinea: Anne (obverse); Shields and rose (reverse)", "creation_date": "1703", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1703, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, Anne, 1702-1714"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 2.5 cm (1 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.025}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "ANNA.DEI. GRATIA VIGO", "inscription_translation": "Anne by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": "obverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "MAG BR. FRA ET. HIB REG 1703", "inscription_translation": "Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland", "inscription_remark": "reverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "DECUS ET TUTAMEN", "inscription_translation": "An ornament and a safeguard", "inscription_remark": "Edge, Another interpretation is \u2018glory and defense\u2019", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Battle of Vigo Bay occurred on October 23, 1702. After the battle the treasure, largely of silver with a tiny proportion of gold, was transported back to England and coins were made bearing the inscription Vigo.", "description": "The coinage of Anne's reign remained fairly constant being inaugurated in 1662. Before the Act of Union with Scotland (1706), the arms of England and Scotland remined separate, as shown. After the act the two arms were conjoined on one shield. The word Vigo denotes that the coins were struck from gold captured from the Spanish at the Battle of Vigo Bay (1702). Although silver coins bearing the Vigo inscription are less rare, the three gold denominations bearing the symbol are all extremely rare.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921808"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.204-guinea-anne-obverse"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. [Catalog. 1968.", "page_number": "p. 62", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.204", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.204/1969.204_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "447", "filesize": "260484", "filename": "1969.204_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.204/1969.204_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1687", "filesize": "2193325", "filename": "1969.204_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.204/1969.204_full.tif", "width": "4128", "height": "2048", "filesize": "25387648", "filename": "1969.204_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T03:34:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.204/1969.204_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "893", "filesize": "304148"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.204/1969.204_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2064", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1328437"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.204/1969.204_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2064", "height": "2048", "filesize": "12708692"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144509, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1703", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:33.101000"}, {"id": 144512, "accession_number": "1969.205", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Half Guinea: Anne (obverse); Shields and Rose (reverse), 1703. England, Anne, 1702-1714. Gold; diameter: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1969.205", "current_location": null, "title": "Half Guinea: Anne (obverse); Shields and Rose (reverse)", "creation_date": "1703", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1703, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, Anne, 1702-1714"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Numismatics", "type": "Coins", "measurements": "Diameter: 2.1 cm (13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.021}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "ANNA.DEI. GRATIA VIGO", "inscription_translation": "Anne by the Grace of God", "inscription_remark": "obverse", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "MAG BR. FRA ET. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb (1895-1984), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Battle of Vigo Bay occurred on October 23, 1702. After the battle the treasure, largely of silver with a tiny amount of gold, was transported back to England and coins were made bearing the inscription Vigo.", "description": "The coinage of Anne's reign remained fairly constant after the inaugural design in 1662. Before the Act of Union with Scotland (1706), the arms of England and Scotland remained separate, as shown. After the act the two arms were conjoined on one shield. The word Vigo indicates the coins were struck from gold captured from the Spanish at the Battle of Vigo Bay (1702). Although silver coins bearing the Vigo inscription are less rare, the three gold denominations bearing the symbol are all extremely rare.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79921815"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.205-half-guinea-anne-obv"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Emery May Norweb. English Gold Coins, Ancient to Modern Times, On Loan to the Cleveland Museum of Art from the Norweb Collection. [Catalog. 1968.", "page_number": "p. 62", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.205", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.205/1969.205_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "403", "filesize": "258183", "filename": "1969.205_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.205/1969.205_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1523", "filesize": "2479344", "filename": "1969.205_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.205/1969.205_full.tif", "width": "4506", "height": "2018", "filesize": "27304536", "filename": "1969.205_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T03:35:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.205/1969.205_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "819", "filesize": "317117"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.205/1969.205_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2250", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1778884"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.205/1969.205_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2250", "height": "2048", "filesize": "13851304"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144512, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1703", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:20.803000"}, {"id": 151028, "accession_number": "1982.68.12", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Album of Landscape Paintings Illustrating Old Poems: Boy Tending a Water Buffalo, 1745. Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765). Album leaf; ink and light color on paper; album, closed: 15.4 x 18.5 x 3.1 cm (6 1/16 x 7 5/16 x 1 1/4 in.); each painting: 11.2 x 13.1 cm (4 7/16 x 5 3/16 in.). 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Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799). Hanging scroll; ink, color, and metallic pigments on paper; image: 114.3 x 40.6 cm (45 x 16 in.); overall: 200.7 x 54 cm (79 x 21 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1998.5", "current_location": null, "title": "Snails", "title_in_original_language": "\u30ab\u30bf\u30c4\u30e0\u30ea\u56f3", "creation_date": "c. 1788\u201389", "creation_date_earliest": 1783, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink, color, and metallic pigments on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 114.3 x 40.6 cm (45 x 16 in.); Overall: 200.7 x 54 cm (79 x 21 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.143, "width": 0.406}, "overall": {"height": 2.007, "width": 0.54}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription: \u5e73\u5b89\u8606\u96ea; Inscription transliteration: Heian Rosetsu", "inscription_translation": "Inscription: Rosetsu of Heian (Kyoto)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "Sealed: \u9b5a; Seal transliteration: Gyo", "inscription_translation": "Sealed: Gyo (not broken)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 455863, "title": "Animals in Japanese Art", "description": "Animals in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24-December 10, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(James J. Freeman, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rosetsu was an independent painter active in Kyoto, Japan's cultural capital, known for his visual wit and superb range of technical skills.", "description": "In this work, Nagasawa Rosetsu carefully described two snails in a manner known as \u201cearth painting\u201d (doro-e), building up colors mixed with crushed white shells in emulation of the thick brushstrokes of oil paint seen in European painting. A silvery metallic pigment indicates the snails\u2019 trails, glistening along an earthen wall. Notably, one trail has no snail, leaving the viewer to guess why.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477637"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.5-snails"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cPainting by 18th-century Italian Master Gaetano Gandolfi among Works Added to CMA Collection,\u201d March 24, 1998, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4108"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.5/1998.5_web.jpg", "width": "315", "height": "900", "filesize": "69766", "filename": "1998.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.5/1998.5_print.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "3400", "filesize": "754393", "filename": "1998.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.5/1998.5_full.tif", "width": "2749", "height": "7850", "filesize": "64767380", "filename": "1998.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.5/1998.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "357", "height": "893", "filesize": "221578"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.5/1998.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "818", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1225956"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.5/1998.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "818", "height": "2048", "filesize": "5027612"}}, {"date_created": "2014-09-17T15:06:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.5/1998.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "298", "height": "900", "filesize": "73464"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.5/1998.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1127", "height": "3400", "filesize": "659705"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1998.5/1998.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2592", "height": "7822", "filesize": "60855276"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160688, "creators": [{"id": 20337, "description": "Nagasawa Rosetsu (Japanese, 1754\u20131799)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9577\u6fa4\u8606\u96ea", "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1783, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1788\u201389", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "Japanese hanging scrolls are laminate structures of silk and paper using wheat starch paste as the adhesive. As it ages the paste weakens, causing these layers to separate over time, prompting scrolls to be disassembled and reassembled in a process called \u201cremounting\u201d every 100\u2013150 years.
This hanging scroll was just beginning to show signs of the paste weakening with bubbles of air appearing between the final lining\u2014the last layer of paper on the back of the scroll\u2014and the rest of the layers. In order to delay a full remounting, the final lining was removed and replaced with a new lining in 2023. This less invasive process stabilized the scroll and flattened distortions caused by the weakening layers.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Snails on a Wall"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:39.939000"}, {"id": 161785, "accession_number": "2001.122", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Sardar Singh (Son of Savant Singh, 1730\u201368), c. 1760. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Kishangarh. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 27.9 x 21.9 cm (11 x 8 5/8 in.); overall: 34.6 x 26.6 cm (13 5/8 x 10 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edwin R. and Harriet Pelton Perkins Memorial Fund, 2001.122", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Sardar Singh (Son of Savant Singh, 1730\u201368)", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Kishangarh"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 27.9 x 21.9 cm (11 x 8 5/8 in.); Overall: 34.6 x 26.6 cm (13 5/8 x 10 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.279, "width": 0.219}, "overall": {"height": 0.346, "width": 0.266}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 308686, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2018. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 2-November 18, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ducks, rabbits, and deer in the landscape are in pairs, contributing to the amorous mood.", "description": "The ruler of the princely state of Kishangarh chose to have himself depicted in an intoxicatingly paradisiacal setting. He and his queen occupy jeweled chairs on a white marble terrace with formal flower gardens overlooking a lake. They listen to a musical performance while female attendants stand ready to whisk away flies and serve tiny bottles liquor. The fresh palette and dramatically elongated eyes, especially on the women, are hallmarks of the most celebrated works from this Rajput court. The king is portrayed with less exaggerated features than the women, which makes him seem more human, despite the halo that sets off his face and elaborate turban.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478057"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2001.122-portrait-of-sardar-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pauwels, Heidi Rika Maria. Mobilizing Krishna's World: The Writings of Prince Sa\u0304vant Singh of Kishangarh. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 1.5", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2001.122", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.122/2001.122_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "274515", "filename": "2001.122_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.122/2001.122_print.jpg", "width": "2561", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3391519", "filename": "2001.122_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.122/2001.122_full.tif", "width": "5734", "height": "7612", "filesize": "130975016", "filename": "2001.122_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-12-09T01:44:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.122/2001.122_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "679", "height": "893", "filesize": "535046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.122/2001.122_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2587", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6889988"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2001.122/2001.122_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4632", "height": "6088", "filesize": "84620052"}}], "creditline": "Edwin R. and Harriet Pelton Perkins Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161785, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2001-12-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Sardar Singh (Son of Savant Singh)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:45.829000"}, {"id": 161886, "accession_number": "2001.163", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Khadgaroma, Son of Ravana, c. 1720. Southern India, Andhra Pradesh. Gum tempera, ink, and hand-colored silver paper appliqu\u00e9 on paper; overall: 39.7 x 27.6 cm (15 5/8 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of William E. Ward in memory of his wife, Evelyn Svec Ward, 2001.163", "current_location": null, "title": "Khadgaroma, Son of Ravana", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern India, Andhra Pradesh"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and hand-colored silver paper appliqu\u00e9 on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 39.7 x 27.6 cm (15 5/8 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.397, "width": 0.276}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[upper center, in French]] Kadgaromoud fils de Ravanen", "inscription_translation": "Kadgaromoud son of Ravana", "inscription_remark": "The endings -ou and -en are Telegu. For a similar work in context, see G\u00e9rard Colas, Usha Colas-Chauhan, and Francis Richard, \"Text and Paintings: A Preliminary Study of Indien 745, a Manuscript of the Biblioth\u00e8que nationale de France,\" in Cracow Indological Studies, vol. XXIV, no. 2 (2022), pp. 25-58.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[lower center, in Telegu]] r\u0101va\u1e47uni ko\u1e0duku [the last two letters are upside down] kha\u1e0dgaromu\u1e43\u1e0du", "inscription_translation": "Ravana's son Khadgaroma", "inscription_remark": "The label in Telugu is in three pieces. The central piece with two letters is pasted upside down, as noted in the inscription. The name Khadgaroma literally means \"one whose body hair is swords.\"", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "William E. Ward [1922\u20132004], Solon, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132001", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 148360, "description": "Sugriva, c. 1720. Southern India, Andhra Pradhesh. Gum tempera, ink, and hand-colored silver paper appliqu\u00e9 on paper; overall: 35.5 x 23.5 cm (14 x 9 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William E. Ward, 1975.73", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The silver appliqu\u00e9, which was likely mixed with the yellow pigment gamboge, imitates gold.", "description": "Blades fan around the figure of this demon, illustrating the meaning of his name: he whose \u201cbody hair is swords.\u201d To further emphasize his favorite weapon, he clutches a broad curving sword in his right hand. The inscription at the bottom identifies him by name in the local language of Telugu, but a section has been pasted upside down, indicating that the owner of this page did not read the script. The inscription has been translated into French at the top. Territories in southern India were under French colonial control from 1692 to 1761.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478176"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2001.163-kadgaramon-son-of-ra", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2001.163-kadgaramoue-the-son", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2001.163-khadgaroma-son-of-ra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2001.163", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.163/2001.163_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "900", "filesize": "302414", "filename": "2001.163_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.163/2001.163_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3023386", "filename": "2001.163_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2001.163/2001.163_full.tif", "width": "4820", "height": "6933", "filesize": "100286728", "filename": "2001.163_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of William E. Ward in memory of his wife, Evelyn Svec Ward", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161886, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2001-12-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Kadgaramon (Son of Ravana)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:23.829000"}, {"id": 168134, "accession_number": "2009.70", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vanity Set (N\u00e9cessaire), c. 1750\u201360. England, London. Gold, agate, interior fitted with gold-mounted implements, mirror. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.70", "current_location": null, "title": "Vanity Set (N\u00e9cessaire)", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "gold, agate, interior fitted with gold-mounted implements, mirror", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Duc de Brissac, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["61.2007", "2008.277"], "did_you_know": "This small box with a mirror-lined lid is a dressing table accessory that contains luxury objects such as a clasp knife, snuff spoon, tweezers, and scent bottles.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Jewelry, miniatures, and n\u00e9cessaires\u2014small expensive sets designed to hold grooming, writing, and sewing tools\u2014were often given as intimate gifts, intended to be seen and admired. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or shops where these goods were made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073583"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.70-vanity-set-necessair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.70", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.70/2009.70_web.jpg", "width": "896", "height": "893", "filesize": "564848", "filename": "2009.70_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.70/2009.70_print.jpg", "width": "2464", "height": "2457", "filesize": "3730981", "filename": "2009.70_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.70/2009.70_full.tif", "width": "2464", "height": "2457", "filesize": "18204844", "filename": "2009.70_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-07T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.70/2009.70_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "857", "height": "893", "filesize": "479435"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.70/2009.70_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2447", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3399539"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.70/2009.70_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2447", "height": "2550", "filesize": "18760728"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168134, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:22.623000"}, {"id": 168730, "accession_number": "2010.436", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Male Figurine or Finial, early 1800s-early 1900s. Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (most likely), Cabinda, or Republic of the Congo, probably Yombe people. Wood; overall: 9.7 x 3.8 x 3.3 cm (3 13/16 x 1 1/2 x 1 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.436", "current_location": null, "title": "Male Figurine or Finial", "creation_date": "early 1800s-early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (most likely), Cabinda, or Republic of the Congo, probably Yombe people"], "technique": "Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 9.7 x 3.8 x 3.3 cm (3 13/16 x 1 1/2 x 1 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.097, "width": 0.038, "depth": 0.033}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Ren\u00e9 De Wolf, Brussels, BE, before 1972, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, BE, 2010, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH 2010", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stomach cavity was once filled with medicinal substances; once removed, the nkisi figure is considered \u201cdecommissioned.\u201d", "description": "This figurine or finial may have contained a medicine-filled package on its abdomen. The man seated with his legs crossed and wearing a coiffure of Portuguese inspiration may represent a chief, which was once attached to a scepter or perhaps a flywhisk. Beneath the chief, a child holds onto his back; though such imagery is more typically seen with female sculptures.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80075071"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.436-male-figurine-or-fin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. Fragments of the Invisible: The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art. Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2013, 50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50; mentioned: p. 113, cat. 11", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.436", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.436/2010.436_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "336099", "filename": "2010.436_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.436/2010.436_print.jpg", "width": "2628", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5656787", "filename": "2010.436_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.436/2010.436_full.tif", "width": "2176", "height": "2815", "filesize": "18407908", "filename": "2010.436_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2011-05-17T18:16:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "326620"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2704", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5734852"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2350", "height": "2954", "filesize": "20857552"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-17T18:01:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "322765"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2637", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5589736"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2364", "height": "3048", "filesize": "21648052"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-17T18:56:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "893", "filesize": "324707"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2576", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5516047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2010.436/2010.436_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2180", "height": "2877", "filesize": "18846976"}}], "creditline": "Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168730, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s-early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Male Figurine"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:24.826000"}, {"id": 170852, "accession_number": "2013.335", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A prince conversing with a woman while taking refreshments on a terrace (recto); Calligraphy (verso), c. 1710\u201320. Mughal India. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 30.5 x 24.1 cm (12 x 9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.335", "current_location": null, "title": "A prince conversing with a woman while taking refreshments on a terrace (recto); Calligraphy (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1710\u201320", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 30.5 x 24.1 cm (12 x 9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.305, "width": 0.241}, "painting only": {"height": 0.178, "width": 0.121}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Verso: From a Bustan (Fragrant Herb Garden) of Sa\u2018di (Persian, 1210\u20131291).\nPersian text in nasta\u2018liq script:\n\nWhy do the adherents of Idea to this not cleave\u2014/\nThat only the Elect may go in water or in fire?/\nAs for the infant, uninformed of fire,/\nDoes not his mother guard him lovingly?/\nThose, then, who\u2019re drowned in ecstasy/\nBy night and day are in the very care of Truth:/\nHe guards the Friend against the fire\u2019s heat/\nAs Moses\u2019s crib against the whirlpools of the Nile;/\nWhen an infant\u2019s in a swimmer\u2019s arms/\nHe knows no fear, broad though the Tigris be;/\nBut how shall you step on the ocean\u2019s face/\nAs do real men, when even on dry land your skirt is wet?/\n\nThe way of the intellect is all twists and turns,/\nBut the concern of the gnostics is for God alone!/\nThis can be said to those who recognize realities,/ \nThough adherents of analogy may carp thereat and say:/\n\u201cWhat, then, is heaven, and what earth besides?/\nWho are the sons of Adam, and the beasts both wild and tame?\u201d/\nA proper thing you\u2019ve asked, O prudent one!/\nI\u2019ll tell you\u2014if you find the answer proper:/\nThe plain and the ocean, the mountain and the sky,/\nPari and manchild, demon and angel\u2014/\nAll, whatsoever they be, are less than That/\nBy virtue of Whose being they utter being\u2019s name!/\nMonstrous before you, with its waves, lies the ocean;/\nHigh is the sun, all ablaze at the zenith;\n(after Wickens 1974, 113)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016). (2013.335.a only)", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Charles Forbes, 7th Baronet [1773\u20131849], Bengal, London, and Scotland, by descent to his great-grandson, Colonel Sir John Forbes", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131849", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Colonel Sir John Stewart Forbes [1901\u20131984], Baronet, DSO, DL, Allargue House, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK, consigned to Sotheby's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, London, Western and Oriental Manuscripts and Miniatures, 10 December 1962, lot 9, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "10 December 1962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914-\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962\u20132013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The prince removed his shoes before joining the picnic on the carpeted terrace.", "description": "The carpet turns a terrace into a space where a prince can enjoy the company of women over wine and fruits. A covered box on the carpet contains aromatic betel nut packets for pleasurable chewing. He has removed his shoes, which are left on the marble step.
A princess pours liquor from a golden bottle into a tiny blue-and-white ceramic cup. The pair\u2019s royal status is indicated by the attendants who hold the white cloth and peacock-feather whisks. Two other women bring jewels and a vial of perfume to be inspected and discussed by the royal connoisseurs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60481987"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.335-a-prince-conversing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 74, p. 298", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.335", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.335/2013.335_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "703", "filesize": "411633", "filename": "2013.335_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.335/2013.335_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2656", "filesize": "4153244", "filename": "2013.335_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.335/2013.335_full.tif", "width": "9111", "height": "7116", "filesize": "194538400", "filename": "2013.335_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-10T10:00:46", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.335/2013.335_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "900", "filesize": "243785"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.335/2013.335_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2366", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2781226"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2013.335/2013.335_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4681", "height": "6728", "filesize": "94514464"}}], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170852, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710\u201320", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:41.499000"}, {"id": 171329, "accession_number": "2014.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Los Caprichos: They Spin Finely, Plate 44, 1799. Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828). Etching, aquatint, drypoint, and engraving printed in sepia; image: 19.1 x 13 cm (7 1/2 x 5 1/8 in.); platemark: 21.8 x 15.3 cm (8 9/16 x 6 in.); sheet: 30.2 x 19.5 cm (11 7/8 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Purchase Fund, 2014.15", "current_location": null, "title": "They Spin Finely, Plate 44", "series": "Los Caprichos", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "Etching, aquatint, drypoint, and engraving printed in sepia", "support_materials": [{"description": "medium-weight laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 19.1 x 13 cm (7 1/2 x 5 1/8 in.); Platemark: 21.8 x 15.3 cm (8 9/16 x 6 in.); Sheet: 30.2 x 19.5 cm (11 7/8 x 7 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.302, "width": 0.195}, "platemark": {"height": 0.218, "width": 0.153}, "image": {"height": 0.191, "width": 0.13}}, "state_of_the_work": "Trial Proof", "edition_of_the_work": "First Edition", "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Lower left margin, in graphite: MK 30262", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Engraved in plate: 44, upper right corner, and Hilan Delgado, below image, center.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Knoedler Galleries, New York, NY (stock number: MK 30262)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Susan Schulman Printsellers, New York, NY, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132014", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 2, 2014\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Francisco de Goya gave each of the prints in Los Caprichos, including this one, intentionally cryptic titles.", "description": "Francisco de Goya creatively engaged with printmaking, producing bold and innovative compositions. This impression is a rare trial proof printed in sepia ink before publication of the series Los Caprichos, whose title translates as \u201ccaprices\u201d or \u201cartistic fantasies.\u201d As one of the earliest sheets printed from the plate, it retains Goya\u2019s subtle layers of tonal aquatint absent in later impressions. Note, for example, the slight shift in tone between the pale skin and white blouse of the woman in the foreground whose spinning, a common euphemism for sex work, is likely the subject of the artist\u2019s elaborate critique.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80081553"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2014.15-the-caprices-they-sp", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2014.15-they-spin-finely-pla"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2014: Prints.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 55, no. 2 (March/April 2015): 24.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-02"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Harris 79 II, Trial Proof ", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2014.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.15/2014.15_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "900", "filesize": "220686", "filename": "2014.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.15/2014.15_print.jpg", "width": "2226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2910865", "filename": "2014.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.15/2014.15_full.tif", "width": "5026", "height": "7678", "filesize": "115800268", "filename": "2014.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-04-11T14:25:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2014.15/2014.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "900", "filesize": "154392"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2014.15/2014.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2205", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1971941"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2014.15/2014.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4660", "height": "7185", "filesize": "100476356"}}], "creditline": "Sundry Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 171329, "creators": [{"id": 2386, "description": "Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2014-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1799, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1799", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:47.615000"}, {"id": 314239, "accession_number": "2018.106", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Princess smoking a hookah, c. 1760. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, gold, and beetle-wing carapaces on paper; page: 32.1 x 25.3 cm (12 5/8 x 9 15/16 in.); image: 24.1 x 16 cm (9 1/2 x 6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.106", "current_location": null, "title": "Princess smoking a hookah", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, gold, and beetle-wing carapaces on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 32.1 x 25.3 cm (12 5/8 x 9 15/16 in.); Image: 24.1 x 16 cm (9 1/2 x 6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.321, "width": 0.253}, "image": {"height": 0.241, "width": 0.16}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Verso: four lines of Persian script on the diagonal: \u201cthis picture of B(h)avadnal (a) Sankrhald was obtained from (found in) Biruval, Monday 23\u2026.9253.\u201d Bhiruwal is slightly south-east of Lahore city.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 687839, "title": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820", "description": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820. The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (February 6-June 7, 2026) https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/exhibitions/longing-painting-from-the-pahari-kingdoms-of-the-northwest-himalayas/.", "opening_date": "2026-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist has used beetle wings for emeralds in the jewelry.", "description": "A lady seated at window smokes a hookah. She wears a translucent lilac blouse and gold trousers and adorns herself with jewelry comprising pearls, gold, and emeralds. Reclining against a large bolster, she is engrossed in smoking her hookah made of gold and porcelain. The painting may have been intended to be presented to the king by the artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483067"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.106-seated-lady-smoking"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 229-230, no. 67", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.106", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.106/2018.106_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "900", "filesize": "287301", "filename": "2018.106_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.106/2018.106_print.jpg", "width": "2701", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4082879", "filename": "2018.106_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.106/2018.106_full.tif", "width": "9556", "height": "12031", "filesize": "344935374", "filename": "2018.106_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T19:16:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.106/2018.106_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "900", "filesize": "239188"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.106/2018.106_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2758447"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.106/2018.106_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5481", "height": "6969", "filesize": "114631228"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-25T19:18:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.106/2018.106_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": "211453"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.106/2018.106_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "2577494"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.106/2018.106_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7016", "height": "5540", "filesize": "116643440"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314239, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Lady Smoking a Hookah"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:16.924000"}, {"id": 314364, "accession_number": "2018.113", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shiva Seated on a Throne in a Landscape, c. 1755. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera on paper; page: 30.2 x 21.9 cm (11 7/8 x 8 5/8 in.); image: 28.3 x 19.8 cm (11 1/8 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.113", "current_location": null, "title": "Shiva Seated on a Throne in a Landscape", "creation_date": "c. 1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 30.2 x 21.9 cm (11 7/8 x 8 5/8 in.); Image: 28.3 x 19.8 cm (11 1/8 x 7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.302, "width": 0.219}, "image": {"height": 0.283, "width": 0.198}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 687839, "title": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820", "description": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820. The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (February 6-June 7, 2026) https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/exhibitions/longing-painting-from-the-pahari-kingdoms-of-the-northwest-himalayas/.", "opening_date": "2026-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001], Beverly Hills, CA, by descent to his wife\nCatherine Glynn Benkaim", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967\u20132001", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001\u20132018", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Shiva is clad in tiger hide wrapped around his waist.", "description": "Shiva is depicted sitting on snakes coiled up together on a royal seat. The scene is set in a rocky mountainous setting with a row of trees in the background. In the paintings from Chamba, Shiva is usually depicted with a white complexion in three-quarter view. This formula has remained consistent for over a century with very few exceptions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483092"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.113-shiva-seated-on-a-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 178-179, no. 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.113", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.113/2018.113_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "900", "filesize": "312224", "filename": "2018.113_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.113/2018.113_print.jpg", "width": "2473", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4080460", "filename": "2018.113_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.113/2018.113_full.tif", "width": "9080", "height": "12486", "filesize": "340149956", "filename": "2018.113_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T12:38:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.113/2018.113_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "261985"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.113/2018.113_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2468", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2715772"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.113/2018.113_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5606", "height": "7722", "filesize": "129909532"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-24T12:40:28.009000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.113/2018.113_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "900", "filesize": "143603"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.113/2018.113_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2471", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1813952"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.113/2018.113_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5630", "height": "7746", "filesize": "130866016"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314364, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 16:32:49.343000"}, {"id": 314367, "accession_number": "2018.116", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A heroine waiting for her lover: Vasakasajja Nayika, from the \"Nurpur\" Rasikapriya, c. 1750. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 28.4 x 20.2 cm (11 3/16 x 7 15/16 in.); image: 24.4 x 16.7 cm (9 5/8 x 6 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.116", "current_location": null, "title": "A heroine waiting for her lover: Vasakasajja Nayika, from the \"Nurpur\" Rasikapriya", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 28.4 x 20.2 cm (11 3/16 x 7 15/16 in.); Image: 24.4 x 16.7 cm (9 5/8 x 6 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.284, "width": 0.202}, "image": {"height": 0.244, "width": 0.167}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "ca\u1e43dana vepata vepa komala \u0101\u1e43mala ka\u1e43ma lada lalavi lalata lat\u0101 lapad\u012b lava\u1e43ga ki. kesod\u0101sa tame dara d\u012bpa ka sekh\u0101 s\u012b dura dura doura v\u0101\u1e6da v\u0101sa n\u012bla duta \u0101\u1e43ga \u0101\u1e43gak\u012b. po\u1e43na pa\u1e43ni pe\u1e43ci pasu vasa savada hota ne leke te\u1e43 c\u0101he c\u0101\u1e43pa sa\u1e43ga k\u012b. na\u1e43dal\u0101la \u0101ga\u1e43ma baloke\u1e43 balaku\u1e43ja lagata tahi k\u0101nap\u012b\u1e43 tara pata\u1e43ga k\u012b.", "inscription_translation": "A sandalwood tree with fresh leaves entwined by a soft clove creeper became the pleasure grove, and the Nayika, radiant as a row of lamps, ran and hid inside. She was trying to hide the glow of her body with a blue sari. Sitting there she would be startled with sounds of the wind and water, birds and animals, and would look all around wondering whether Krishna had come. Awaiting the arrival of Krishna, the Nayika in the grove resembled a bird in the cage.", "inscription_remark": "Same Braj verse inscribed first in Takri then repeated twice in Nagari", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 687839, "title": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820", "description": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820. The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (February 6-June 7, 2026) https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/exhibitions/longing-painting-from-the-pahari-kingdoms-of-the-northwest-himalayas/.", "opening_date": "2026-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The deer are depicted in a pair to highlight the Nayika\u2019s separation.", "description": "Vasakasajja has been described as Nayika who arranges the bed for making love. She is seated on a bed of leaves by a pond, anxiously waiting for her lover. The painter has faithfully followed the poet\u2019s description of the scene and depicted the fair-complexioned Nayika radiating against the otherwise dark surrounding, illuminating the tryst.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483082"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.116-a-heroine-waiting-fo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 200-201, no. 59", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.116", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.116/2018.116_web.jpg", "width": "649", "height": "900", "filesize": "234503", "filename": "2018.116_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.116/2018.116_print.jpg", "width": "2450", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3149857", "filename": "2018.116_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.116/2018.116_full.tif", "width": "8542", "height": "11854", "filesize": "303800094", "filename": "2018.116_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T12:20:19", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.116/2018.116_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "647", "height": "900", "filesize": "206364"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.116/2018.116_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2443", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2359140"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.116/2018.116_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5704", "height": "7937", "filesize": "135856616"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-25T12:22:49", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.116/2018.116_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "645", "height": "900", "filesize": "271896"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.116/2018.116_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2438", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2783458"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.116/2018.116_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5731", "height": "7994", "filesize": "137481856"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314367, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vasakasajja Nayika"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:43.905000"}, {"id": 314113, "accession_number": "2018.83", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "King Muchukunda Enters the Realm of Mount Gandhamadana to Attain Salvation, from the \u201cFifth Basohli Bhagavata Purana\u201d, c. 1760\u201370. Attributed to Fattu (Indian). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 30.3 x 40.7 cm (11 15/16 x 16 in.); image: 27.1 x 37.5 cm (10 11/16 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.83", "current_location": null, "title": "King Muchukunda Enters the Realm of Mount Gandhamadana to Attain Salvation, from the \u201cFifth Basohli Bhagavata Purana\u201d", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 30.3 x 40.7 cm (11 15/16 x 16 in.); Image: 27.1 x 37.5 cm (10 11/16 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.303, "width": 0.407}, "image": {"height": 0.271, "width": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "52 dhi\u0101i. 175 r\u0101j\u0101 mucaka\u1e43da vara laike badari kad\u0101ri n\u016b gae t\u0101 ku[la] yav\u0101ni mathar\u0101 n\u016b \u0101ye yudha karike.", "inscription_translation": "Chapter 52. (Episode) 175, Raja Muchukunda after taking [Krishna\u2019s] blessings set out for [the mountains] of Badri and Kedara. Meanwhile, Yavanas invaded Mathura.", "inscription_remark": "The inscriptions are in Gurmukhi and Sanskrit", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "chitra 139, adhy\u0101ya 52. \u015br\u012b \u015bruka uv\u0101cha. ittha\u1e43 sonug\u1e5bh\u012bto\u1e43ga k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47enekshv\u0101kunandana\u1e25. ta\u1e43 parikramya sa\u1e43namya ni\u1e63cak\u0101ma guh\u0101mukh\u0101t. sa v\u012bk\u015bya k\u015bullak\u0101nmatry\u0101npa\u015brunv\u012brudvanaspat\u012bn. matv\u0101 kaliyuga\u1e43 pr\u0101pta\u1e43 jag\u0101m di\u015bamuttar\u0101\u1e43. tapa\u1e25 \u015braddh\u0101yuto dh\u012bro ni\u1e25sa\u1e43go muktasa\u1e43\u015baya\u1e25. sam\u0101dh\u0101ya mana\u1e25 k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47e pr\u0101vi\u015b\u0101dga\u1e43dham\u0101danam. vadary\u0101 \u015bramam\u0101s\u0101dya naran\u0101r\u0101ya\u1e47\u0101laya\u1e43. sarvadva\u1e43dvasaha\u1e25 \u015b\u0101\u1e43tasyapas\u0101r\u0101dhayaddhari\u1e43. iti \u015br\u012b bh\u0101gavate mah\u0101pur\u0101\u1e47e da\u015bama ska\u1e43dhe uttar\u0101rdhe mucaku\u1e43doddhara\u1e25. 152", "inscription_translation": "Painting no. 139, chapter 52. Sri Suka said: 'Thus being blessed by Krishna, the descendant of Ikshvaku [Muchukunda] circumambulating Him bowed down and left through the mouth of the cave. Noticing that the human beings, the animals, plants and trees were all in a poor condition [were small], he concluded that the Age of Kali had arrived and went in the northern direction. He had faith in the process of penance, was of self-control and free from attachments and doubts. With his mind thus absorbed in Krishna he entered the realm of the mountain Gandhamadana. Reaching the residence of Nara-Narayana, he, having conquered all duality, found peace in his austerity andworshiped the Lord. Hence concludes the chapter of the deliverance of Muchukunda from the book 10 of the Sri Bhagavata Mahapurana. 152", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 687839, "title": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820", "description": "Longing: Painting from the Pahari Kingdoms, 1680 to 1820. The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (February 6-June 7, 2026) https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/exhibitions/longing-painting-from-the-pahari-kingdoms-of-the-northwest-himalayas/.", "opening_date": "2026-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painting was turned horizontally, suggested by the upside down inscription on the verso", "description": "According to Hindu mythology, Muchukunda, the man dressed in saffron, fell asleep in a cave and slept for thousands of years. When he finally woke up, Krishna appeared and advised him to perform penance to cleanse the accumulated sins and attain liberation. He went to Mount Gandhamadana, on India\u2019s east coast, to practice atonement.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483016"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.83-king-muchukunda-ente"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 202-206, no. 60b", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.83", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.83/2018.83_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "678", "filesize": "288790", "filename": "2018.83_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.83/2018.83_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2561", "filesize": "3758601", "filename": "2018.83_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.83/2018.83_full.tif", "width": "12375", "height": "9322", "filesize": "346110926", "filename": "2018.83_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T18:22:09.011000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.83/2018.83_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "671", "filesize": "240851"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.83/2018.83_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2535", "filesize": "2622189"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.83/2018.83_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7336", "height": "5470", "filesize": "120425772"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-23T18:22:57.093000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.83/2018.83_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "677", "filesize": "158858"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.83/2018.83_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2559", "filesize": "1570291"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.83/2018.83_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7334", "height": "5520", "filesize": "121488044"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314113, "creators": [{"id": 63486, "description": "Fattu (Indian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Raja Muchukanda enters the Gandhamadana mountains; Muchukanda departs for Badrinath in the Himalayas to attain salvation (x.51-52) from a Bhagavata Purana series, \u201cfifth Basohli Bhagavata Purana\""], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:58.697000"}, {"id": 87284, "accession_number": "2019.67", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Embroidery Design for Silk Manufactory of Lyon, c. 1790. Jean Baptiste Pillement (French, 1728\u20131808). Black and colored crayon on wove paper; sheet: 22.2 x 24.4 cm (8 3/4 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Muriel Butkin, 2019.67", "current_location": null, "title": "Flower Embroidery Design for Silk Manufactory of Lyon", "creation_date": "c. 1790", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "black and colored crayon on wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 22.2 x 24.4 cm (8 3/4 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.222, "width": 0.244}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed, on verso, in graphite, at lower margin, \u201cfleurs invent\u00e9es / par Jean Pillement / mod\u00e8le de broderie des soieries de Lyon\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Sotheby's, London, \"Fine French 18th-Century Prints and Drawings,\" April 27, 1977, #94, illustrated, page 80.", "opening_date": "1977-04-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sotheby's, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 27, 1977", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Shepherd Gallery, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. Noah L. Butkin [1918-1980]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977-1980", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. Muriel Butkin [1915-2008]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-2005", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 4, 2019", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean Baptiste Pillement not only created designs for silk manufacture, he also is credited with inventing a new technique for printing on fabric.", "description": "This drawing features a floral design intended for use by the silk manufactory in Lyon, a city with a long tradition in this industry. Jean Baptiste Pillement\u2019s chalk drawings were translated not only into fabric, but also prints, which circulated and spread his style widely. Here, he used a small range of colors and repeated forms to create an appealing decorative motif.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79875831"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.67-flower-embroidery-de"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Fine French 18th Century Prints and Drawings. 1977.", "page_number": "ill. Lot 94", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.67", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.67/2019.67_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "820", "filesize": "369309", "filename": "2019.67_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.67/2019.67_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3097", "filesize": "5254470", "filename": "2019.67_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.67/2019.67_full.tif", "width": "10250", "height": "9338", "filesize": "287171868", "filename": "2019.67_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-08-01T15:56:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.67/2019.67_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "812", "filesize": "329069"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.67/2019.67_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3068", "filesize": "4942419"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2019.67/2019.67_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10305", "height": "9300", "filesize": "287536320"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Muriel Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 87284, "creators": [{"id": 13742, "description": "Jean Baptiste Pillement (French, 1728\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "In the early part of his career, he worked as a textile designer at the Gobelins factory, and as a decorative painter in Spain and Portugal. He eventually moved to London, where in 1755 he published the first of many books of Chinoiserie designs. However, he was most well-known for his prints of flowers. His popularity waned significantly when Rococo design fell out of fashion at the end of the century.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1728", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-03-04T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:31.555000"}, {"id": 80648, "accession_number": "2020.141", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A View of the Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, 1793. Johannes Huibert Prins (Dutch, 1757\u20131806). Brush, point of brush and brown ink and wash with traces of graphite on cream medium-weight wove paper; image and sheet: 29.8 x 32.8 cm (11 3/4 x 12 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.141", "current_location": null, "title": "A View of the Nieuwe Kerk, Delft", "creation_date": "1793", "creation_date_earliest": 1793, "creation_date_latest": 1793, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "Brush, point of brush and brown ink and wash with traces of graphite on cream medium-weight wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Dutch", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image and Sheet: 29.8 x 32.8 cm (11 3/4 x 12 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image and sheet": {"height": 0.298, "width": 0.328}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Brown ink stamp, verso, lower right", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"[illegible]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in brown ink on verso: \"A?u de Niewe Kerk le (?) Delft van de agtenzede le zieu/F.H. Prins ad viv del 1793\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"[illegible/illegible]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "with Johan Bosch van Rosenthal, Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "March 2, 2020", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "On the bridge a laborer pushes a heavy parcel on a wheelbarrow aided by a woman who pushes him from behind.", "description": "Johannes Huibert Prins made small-scale works on paper such as this drawing featuring scenes of Dutch cities and the people who inhabited them going about their everyday lives. In this drawing, the large Nieuwe Kerk (New Church) in the city of Delft is shown from the side, while a matron fills a bucket for washing from the canal and laborers and other urban inhabitants cross the bridge beyond. Prins's technique, based on that of the artist Jan van der Heyden who worked about 100 years earlier, relied on minute detail\u2014down to the mortar between each brick\u2014achieved with astounding control of the ink and wash.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87480837"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.141-a-view-of-the-nieuwe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Scallen, Catherine. \"Holsteyn and Prins.\" In The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 32-37, 44-45. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 44-45; Mentioned: p. 270", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.141", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.141/2020.141_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "805", "filesize": "355148", "filename": "2020.141_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.141/2020.141_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3041", "filesize": "4332942", "filename": "2020.141_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.141/2020.141_full.tif", "width": "8867", "height": "7931", "filesize": "211002240", "filename": "2020.141_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-02-19T12:36:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.141/2020.141_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "805", "filesize": "418628"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.141/2020.141_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3041", "filesize": "5773818"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.141/2020.141_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8867", "height": "7931", "filesize": "211002344"}}], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. 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Gerhardt Janssen (Dutch, 1636\u20131725). Etching and open-bite on laid paper; image and plate: 15.8 x 21.5 cm (6 1/4 x 8 7/16 in.); sheet: 16.8 x 22.4 cm (6 5/8 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Jo Hershey Selden Fund, 2022.50", "current_location": null, "title": "Pastoral Landscape with Ruins", "creation_date": "c. 1722", "creation_date_earliest": 1717, "creation_date_latest": 1727, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "etching and open-bite on laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image and Plate: 15.8 x 21.5 cm (6 1/4 x 8 7/16 in.); Sheet: 16.8 x 22.4 cm (6 5/8 x 8 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.168, "width": 0.224}, "image and plate": {"height": 0.158, "width": 0.215}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed, lower left, in plate: Gerhardt Janssen. fecit Wienn [in reverse]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C.G. Boerner, LLC., New York, NY), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2022", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 6, 2022-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This print was made from an iron print plate that was etched in acid in stages, creating a textured, almost corrosive effect.", "description": "Janssen\u2019s prints depict figures, trees, and architectural details rendered light against a dark background, a reverse effect of the typical etching of the period, which reminds our modern eye of a photographic negative. The artist might have been familiar with such a reversal of light and dark through the practice of reverse glass painting, in which he was trained, and indeed, the figures glow with an idiosyncratic solarizing effect, almost as if they are part of a window. The technique was apparently invented by Janssen and is unique in early modern art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247210"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.50-pastoral-landscape-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Roethlisberger, Marcel. \u201cThe Prints of Gerhardt Janssen.\u201d Print Quarterly 4, no. 3 (1987)", "page_number": "p. 292, fig. 213", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41823779"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Nagler, Monogrammisten II, no. 3100, 7, Wurzbach 7", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.50/2022.50_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "689", "filesize": "390118", "filename": "2022.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.50/2022.50_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2604", "filesize": "4864874", "filename": "2022.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.50/2022.50_full.tif", "width": "10197", "height": "7811", "filesize": "238979340", "filename": "2022.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2022-05-13T15:07:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.50/2022.50_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "689", "filesize": "260771"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.50/2022.50_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2604", "filesize": "3860824"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.50/2022.50_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10197", "height": "7811", "filesize": "238974564"}}], "creditline": "Jo Hershey Selden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 455546, "creators": [{"id": 455544, "description": "Gerhardt Janssen (Dutch, 1636\u20131725)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1636", "death_year": "1725", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-06-06T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1717, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1722", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:10.741000"}, {"id": 455547, "accession_number": "2022.51", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pastoral Landscape with Ruins and a Ford, 1722. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Jo Hershey Selden Fund, 2022.51", "current_location": null, "title": "Pastoral Landscape with Ruins and a Ford", "creation_date": "1722", "creation_date_earliest": 1722, "creation_date_latest": 1722, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "etching and open-bite on laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image and Plate: 15.8 x 22.2 cm (6 1/4 x 8 3/4 in.); Sheet: 19.2 x 28.1 cm (7 9/16 x 11 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image and plate": {"height": 0.158, "width": 0.222}, "sheet": {"height": 0.192, "width": 0.281}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "WATERMARK: double-headed eagle (Landscape with Ruins and a Ford); Lugt 686", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Signed, lower right, in plate: JG [monogram] 1722 [in reverse]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. 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Boerner, LLC., New York, NY), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2022", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 6, 2022-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This print was made from an iron print plate that was etched in acid in stages, creating a textured, almost corrosive effect.", "description": "Janssen\u2019s prints depict figures, trees, and architectural details rendered light against a dark background, a reverse effect of the typical etching of the period, which reminds our modern eye of a photographic negative. The artist might have been familiar with such a reversal of light and dark through the practice of reverse glass painting, in which he was trained, and indeed, the figures glow with an idiosyncratic solarizing effect, almost as if they are part of a window. The technique was apparently invented by Janssen and is unique in early modern art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247213"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.51-pastoral-landscape-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Roethlisberger, Marcel. \u201cThe Prints of Gerhardt Janssen.\u201d Print Quarterly 4, no. 3 (1987).", "page_number": "p. 292, fig. 214", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41823779"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Nagler, Monogrammisten II, no. 3100, 4, Wurzbach 4", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.51", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.51/2022.51_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "629", "filesize": "320879", "filename": "2022.51_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.51/2022.51_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2377", "filesize": "4019485", "filename": "2022.51_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.51/2022.51_full.tif", "width": "12794", "height": "8944", "filesize": "343319620", "filename": "2022.51_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2022-05-13T15:06:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.51/2022.51_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "629", "filesize": "254916"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.51/2022.51_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2377", "filesize": "3534078"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.51/2022.51_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12794", "height": "8944", "filesize": "343317004"}}], "creditline": "Jo Hershey Selden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 455547, "creators": [{"id": 455544, "description": "Gerhardt Janssen (Dutch, 1636\u20131725)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1636", "death_year": "1725", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-06-06T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1722, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1722", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:30.405000"}, {"id": 518661, "accession_number": "2022.93", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A View of the Ruins of the Baths of Caracalla, 1779\u201381. Giovanni Battista Lusieri (Italian, 1750\u20131825). Graphite, pen and black ink, watercolor; support: 53.3 x 68.6 cm (21 x 27 in.); matted: 66 x 86 cm (26 x 33 7/8 in.); image: 50.9 x 65.7 cm (20 1/16 x 25 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2022.93", "current_location": null, "title": "A View of the Ruins of the Baths of Caracalla", "creation_date": "1779\u201381", "creation_date_earliest": 1779, "creation_date_latest": 1781, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": [], "technique": "graphite, pen and black ink, watercolor", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Support: 53.3 x 68.6 cm (21 x 27 in.); Matted: 66 x 86 cm (26 x 33 7/8 in.); Image: 50.9 x 65.7 cm (20 1/16 x 25 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.509, "width": 0.657}, "support": {"height": 0.533, "width": 0.686}, "matted": {"height": 0.66, "width": 0.86}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Expanding Horizons. Giovanni Battista Lusieri and the Panoramic Landscape, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland (June 30-October 28, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philip Yorke, later 3rd Earl of Hardwicke (1757-1834), commissioned from the artist around 1778-1779; thence by descent at Eastnor Castle, Herefordshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, England), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 5, 2022", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 12, 2022-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist Lusieri accompanied the British Lord Elgin to Athens in the late 1790s and participated in the dismantling of the Parthenon\u2019s metope sculptures there, now famously called the Elgin marbles.", "description": "Lusieri was known among his Grand Tour patrons for his meticulous technique and his originality: for example, his choice of an unusual view of the Baths of Caracalla, as here, taken from within the ancient site. With an astonishing commitment to the truthful depiction of nature and ruins, and an extreme awareness of the nuances of light at different times of day, he depicted the ruins in the late afternoon. The presence of figures emphasizes the massive scale of the ruins in the warm Italian sun in this significantly large, impressive sheet, a welcome souvenir to his patron, an English Lord, when he returned to England.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115755123"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.93-a-view-of-the-ruins"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lusieri, Giovanni Battista, Aidan Weston-Lewis, Fabrizia Spirito, Kim Sloan, and Dyfri Williams. Expanding Horizons: Giovanni Battista Lusieri and the Panoramic Landscape. 2012.", "page_number": "Ill. no. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.93", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.93/2022.93_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "706", "filesize": "295661", "filename": "2022.93_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.93/2022.93_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2668", "filesize": "3442380", "filename": "2022.93_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.93/2022.93_full.tif", "width": "10525", "height": "8260", "filesize": "260839225", "filename": "2022.93_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2022-11-14T15:12:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "730", "filesize": "349260"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2758", "filesize": "5199479"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "8641", "filesize": "276161285"}}, {"date_created": "2022-11-14T15:08:30", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "707", "filesize": "239216"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2669", "filesize": "3276424"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10524", "height": "8260", "filesize": "260811313"}}, {"date_created": "2022-11-14T15:12:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "730", "filesize": "347747"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2758", "filesize": "5632751"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.93/2022.93_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "8642", "filesize": "276191381"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 518661, "creators": [{"id": 518654, "description": "Giovanni Battista Lusieri (Italian, 1750\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian draftsman and painter, ca. 1755-1821", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1750", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-09-12T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1779, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1779\u201381", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:23.112000"}, {"id": 131926, "accession_number": "1954.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (Assiette), c. 1760\u201365. Mennecy Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; diameter: 24.3 cm (9 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.5", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (Assiette)", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201365", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Mennecy, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.3 cm (9 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.243}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised]: \"DV J\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Cesar de Hauke, Paris).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The hatched border of this plate was likely produced by engine-turning, a process by which clay is turned on a rotating tool to produce fluted, geometric, and diced patterns.", "description": "As European porcelain production advanced, factories borrowed designs and techniques from one another in order to remain competitive in the porcelain market. Paintings of one to two figures perched on a rock or small hill overlooking a pastoral landscape were regularly reproduced on tea services fabricated at the Mennecy porcelain factory. These compositions were likely inspired by similar landscapes painted on porcelain at the Vincennes factory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80023502"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.5-plate-assiette"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Darblay, Ayme. Villeroy: son passe\u0301, sa fabrique de porcelaine, son e\u0301tat actuel. Paris: Picard, 1901.", "page_number": "p. 89; pl. 43, 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Freg\u0301nac, Claude. Les Porcelainiers du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle franca\u0327is. Paris: Hachette, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dupont, Patrick. Porcelaines franc\u0326aises aux XVIIIe et XIXe sie\u0300cles. Paris: Les E\u0301ditions de l'Illustration, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duchon, Nicole. La Manufacture de porcelaine de Mennecy Villeroy. Le Me\u0301e-sur-Seine: Editions Amatteis, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 23, 75, 138", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peyre, Jean-Gabriel. \"Porcellane in 'gloria': La manifattura di Villeroy-Mennecy (1735-1777).\" CeramicAntica (October 2000).", "page_number": "p. 29-32", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.5/1954.5_web.jpg", "width": "822", "height": "900", "filesize": "187748", "filename": "1954.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.5/1954.5_print.jpg", "width": "3104", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1196632", "filename": "1954.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.5/1954.5_full.tif", "width": "5497", "height": "6021", "filesize": "99321280", "filename": "1954.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-06-12T11:15:03", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.5/1954.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "876", "height": "900", "filesize": "157938"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.5/1954.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3309", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1191657"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1954.5/1954.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5480", "height": "5630", "filesize": "92585428"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131926, "creators": [{"id": 14014, "description": "Mennecy Factory (French)", "extent": "manufactured by", "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in Paris in 1734, it was transferred to Mennecy in 1748 and to Bourg-la-Reine in 1773. After 1753 it was much restricted by laws imposed to protect the Vincennes factory. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201365", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:09.191000"}, {"id": 135081, "accession_number": "1958.124", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re), 1777\u201378. Fran\u00e7ois Chazeray (French). Gold and enamel; overall: 2.9 x 3.9 cm (1 1/8 x 1 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene, 1958.124", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re)", "creation_date": "1777\u201378", "creation_date_earliest": 1777, "creation_date_latest": 1778, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century (style of Louis XVI)"], "technique": "gold and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 2.9 x 3.9 cm (1 1/8 x 1 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.029, "width": 0.039, "length": 0.074}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker's mark of Fran\u00e7ois Chazeray, master goldsmith in 1760, cover; bottom; front wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark (probably a crowned \"O\"), Paris, 1777-1778, cover; bottom; front wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Illegible mark, bottom]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Illegible mark, cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Illegible charge mark, inside front]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Jean-Baptiste Fouache, Paris, 1774-1780, on neck at left.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Outside of neck, modern inscription \n\n'4 (modern inscription]:", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Edward B. Greene, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Decorated with allegorical scenes of love, it is likely that this box was a present between lovers.", "description": "This box is decorated with figures of antiquity associated with love: winged cupids, dancing nymphs, and representations of the Greek goddess of love. These scenes are inspired by antique cameos, intricately carved gemstones crafted in ancient Greece and Rome. This interest in ancient iconography, symmetry, and classical compositions of gods and goddesses was characteristic of 18th-century neoclassicism.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80027994"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.124-snuff-box-tabatiere"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Norton, Richard, and Martin Norton. A History of Gold Snuff Boxes. London: Messrs. S.J. Phillips, 1938.", "page_number": "reproduced pl. 33B", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=3162472"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 3 (March 1958): 35-94.", "page_number": "reproduced P 61", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Annual Report Issue for the Year 1957.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 45, no. 6 (June 1958): 159-90.", "page_number": "reproduced P 168", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142278"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "reproduced P 159", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n183"}, {"citation": "Grandjean, Serge. Catalogue des tabatie\u0300res, boi\u0302tes et e\u0301tuis des XVIIIe et XIXe sie\u0300cles du Muse\u0301e du Louvre. Paris: Editions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1981.", "page_number": "mentioned P 69", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=9969428"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.124", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.124/1958.124_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "840", "filesize": "669093", "filename": "1958.124_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.124/1958.124_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2261", "filesize": "4651276", "filename": "1958.124_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.124/1958.124_full.tif", "width": "5285", "height": "3515", "filesize": "55764764", "filename": "1958.124_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.124/1958.124_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "769", 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.124/1958.124_alt11_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2364", "filesize": "4447428"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1958.124/1958.124_alt11_full.tif", "width": "4307", "height": "2995", "filesize": "38732868"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135081, "creators": [{"id": 42967, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Chazeray (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Master in 1760", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1777, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1777\u201378", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:06.914000"}, {"id": 152821, "accession_number": "1985.71", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Album of Miscellaneous Subjects (\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a), 1788. Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788). Album of twelve leaves; ink on paper; each leaf: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.); overall with mount: 35.6 x 22.1 cm (14 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1985.71", "current_location": null, "title": "Album of Miscellaneous Subjects", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1788", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Album of twelve leaves; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Each leaf: 29 x 18.4 cm (11 7/16 x 7 1/4 in.); Overall with mount: 35.6 x 22.1 cm (14 x 8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"each leaf": {"height": 0.29, "width": 0.184}, "overall with mount": {"height": 0.356, "width": 0.221}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e88\u7d20\u6709\u602a\u77f3\u4e4b\u50fb\u3002\u4f59\u53cb\u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba\u55dc\u4e88\u756b\uff0c\u4ea6\u7336\u4e88\u4e4b\u55dc\u602a\u77f3\u7109\u3002\u5411\u6545\u8a02\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u6240\u597d\u76f8\u6613\u3002\u503c\u4f59\u5954\u99b3\u9077\u5ef6\uff0c\u4eca\u590f\u5076\u61b6\u53ca\u602a\u77f3\u4e4b\u5728\u543e\u9f4b\u5df2\u4e94\u8f09\u3002\u7e6a\u6b64\u4ee5\u8e10\u524d\u8a00\u3002\u8a8c\u4ee5\u5947\u5ced\u70ba\u5341\u4e8c\u518a\u4e4b\u7d42\u3002\u6642\u620a\u7533\u516d\u6708\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u6b63\u9f4b\u9594\u8c9e\u8b39\u8b58\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Inscriptions on Leaf 12 by the artist: \n\nI am quite fond of fantastic rocks. My friend Dai li shan ren [Wang Li \u738b\u79ae] is quite fond of my painting, to the same degree as I love rocks. There has long been an understanding between us that we would exchange paintings for rocks [and vice versa]. At the time, I was traveling constantly. This summer, by chance I recalled our previous understanding, realizing that a fantastic rock [that he gave me] had been in my studio for as long as five years. Thereupon I painted this to fulfill my promise. I wrote this colophon and rendered a scene of tall and steep cliffs at the very end of this album of twelve leaves. This is the sixth day of the sixth month, of the year of wushen [1788]. Zhengzhai Min Zhen wrote this.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "Six seals appearing on the leaves:\n\nMin Zhen \u9594\u8c9e; Zheng zhai \u6b63\u9f4b; Qingqiao \u9752\u6a4b; Zhen \u8c9e; Liao tang \u84fc\u5858; Min Zhen zhi yin \u9594\u8c9e\u4e4b\u5370\u3002", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "\u6b63\u9f4b\u50b3\u4e16\u771f\u8de1\uff0c\u61c9\u63a8\u6b64\u518a\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u3002", "inscription_translation": "The former collector Ding Nianxian's (\u4e01\u5ff5\u5148, 1906\u20131969) statement on the album\u2019s wooden cover:\n\nThis is a genuine work by Zhenzhai [Min Zhen]. It is ranked as the first and foremost among his extant works.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Daili Shanren \u6234\u7b20\u5c71\u4eba [active late 1700s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ni Yun \u502a\u8018 [d. 1864]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yan Shiqing \u984f\u4e16\u6e05 [1873\u20131929]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Xiaopu \u5f90\u5c0f\u5703 [1887\u20131961]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ding Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148 [1906\u20131969]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. mid-1900s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Eskenazi Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This album was painted for his friend Dailili Shanren in exchange for a scholar\u2019s stone.", "description": "Min Zhen, who was orphaned at age 12 and developed an eccentric personality, was trained by Tang Yin (1682\u20131756), a writer, playwright, and superintendent of the imperial porcelain workshops in Jingdezhen. The connection to him may have enabled Min to stay in Beijing for a decade from around 1773. It is not clear whether he ever resided in Yangzhou, but his style is in many instances reminiscent of that of Yangzhou artist Huang Shen. This album demonstrates Min\u2019s versatility and mature style in the last years of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475719"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.71-album-of-miscellaneo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ding, Nianxian \u4e01\u5ff5\u5148. Nian sheng lou du hua xiao ji [\u5ff5\u8056\u6a13\u8b80\u756b\u5c0f\u7d00 = Chinese calligraphy and painting of various dynasties in the collection of Nianshenglou]. Taibei: Wen xing za zhi she, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. Kinno\u0304,Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9) \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 94\u201397, p. 179, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, Parke, Bernet, New York. Fine Chinese Paintings. June 3, 1985 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1985.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 73, no. 2 (February 1986): 26\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51; Mentioned: p. 70, no. 186", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 462\u2013465", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.71", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71/1985.71_web.jpg", "width": "571", "height": "900", "filesize": "209880", "filename": "1985.71_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71/1985.71_print.jpg", "width": "2156", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2733153", "filename": "1985.71_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.71/1985.71_full.tif", "width": "4131", "height": "6516", "filesize": "80778532", "filename": "1985.71_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-04-21T18:47:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "900", "filesize": "189258"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2122", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3407928"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3993", "height": "6398", "filesize": "76666964"}}, {"date_created": "2010-04-21T15:20:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "148", "height": "900", "filesize": "128454"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "3400", "filesize": "767098"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt1_full.tif", "width": "999", "height": "6071", "filesize": "18219976"}}, {"date_created": "2010-04-21T18:59:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "572", "height": "900", "filesize": "116088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2161", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1902544"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1985.71/1985.71_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4122", "height": "6486", "filesize": "80231632"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152821, "creators": [{"id": 31140, "description": "Min Zhen (Chinese, 1730\u2013after 1788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9594\u8c9e", "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Paintings", "Album of Miscellaneous Subjects \u96d1\u756b\u5716\u518a"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:06.285000"}, {"id": 358401, "accession_number": "2019.78", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Pair of Rank Badges with Single Crane Motif (\ub2e8\ud559\ud749\ubc30), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Silk, satin damask weave; silk thread embroidery; object: 25.4 x 25.4 cm (10 x 10 in.); mounted: 43.2 x 78.1 cm (17 x 30 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Alma Kroeger Fund, 2019.78", "current_location": null, "title": "A Pair of Rank Badges with Single Crane Motif", "title_in_original_language": "\ub2e8\ud559\ud749\ubc30", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Silk, satin damask weave; silk thread embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "object: 25.4 x 25.4 cm (10 x 10 in.); Mounted: 43.2 x 78.1 cm (17 x 30 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"object": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.254}, "mounted": {"height": 0.432, "width": 0.781}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kang Collection, New York, NY, ?-2019, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2019", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 2019-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2019-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many different types of stitches are used in this pair of rank badges. One of them is the couching stitch that uses a thicker foundation thread and a thinner thread. In this work, gold thread is used as the foundation thread.", "description": "Traditionally, square silk badges with embroidered birds and animals were worn on the front and back of official costumes. Rather than simple ornaments, rank badges represent the status of the wearer, with different animals indicating the hierarchy of ranks. The single crane, as on these rank badges, was worn by civil officials of the fourth or higher ranks.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877636"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.78-a-pair-of-rank-badge"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chung, Young Yang, Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam, New York, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rank Badges [\ud749\ubc30]. Seoul: National Folk Museum of Korea, 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Embroidery Patterns [\ubb38\uc591]. Seoul: Daewonsa, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im, Jung-Wha Kim, William Griswold, Seung-Hae Yi, Byungmo Chung, and Young Chae. Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts From Korea / Sooa Im McCormick, Curator. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 2020.276.9", "current_location": null, "title": "Nuova pianta di Roma data in luce da Giambattista Nolli l\u2019anno MDCCXLVII, known as La Pianta Grande di Roma", "creation_date": "1748", "creation_date_earliest": 1748, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "etching and engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 44.6 x 68.3 cm (17 9/16 x 26 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.446, "width": 0.683}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "In trade, Rome, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Piraneseum, Oakland, CA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2020", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 7, 2020", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "To make this map, Pope Clement XII granted the mapmaker permission to measure courtyards and other interior, inaccessible spaces in monastic communities, even those in nuns\u2019 convents, which was controversial at the time.", "description": "The monumental Pianta Grande di Roma, or Large Plan of Rome, which measures about 5 x 7 feet when its twelve plates are assembled, is a landmark in both cartography and printmaking. The map is considered the first scientific rendering of Rome, establishing new standards of accuracy and thoroughness when it was published in 1748. Devised by the Lombard architect and surveyor Giovanni Battista Nolli (Italian, 1701-56), the creation of the map required over ten years of surveying the city carried out by Nolli and a team of assistants with the help of new measuring devices. In Nolli\u2019s \u201cichnographic\u201d (also called \u201cground\u201d) plan, architectural features and the urban infrastructure are reduced to a single horizontal slice, a minutely detailed footprint that conveys dimensions, proportions, and orientations to scale with the utmost clarity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.276.9-nuova-pianta-di-roma"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ehrle, Francesco. Roma al tempo di Benedetto XIV: la pianta di Roma di Giambattista Nolli del 1748, riprodotta da una copia vaticana. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1932.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Borsi, Stefano. Roma di Benedetto XIV: la pianta di Giovan Battista Nolli, 1748. Roma: Officina, 1993.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bevilacqua, Mario. Roma nel secolo dei lumi: Architettura erudizione scienza nella Pianta di G.B. Nolli \u201ccelebre geometra.\u201d Naples: Mondadori Electa, 1997.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nolli, Giambattista, Giuseppe Vasi, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, and Mario Bevilacqua. Nolli, Vasi, Piranesi: immagine di Roma antica e moderna : rappresentare e conoscere la metropoli dei lumi. Roma: Artemide, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Giambattista Nolli, Imago Urbis and Rome, Ian Verstegen, and Allan Ceen. Giambattista Nolli and Rome: mapping the city before and after the Pianta grande. 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.276.9", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.276.9/2020.276.9_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "588", "filesize": "", "filename": "2020.276.9_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.276.9/2020.276.9_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2221", "filesize": "", "filename": "2020.276.9_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.276.9/2020.276.9_full.tif", "width": "10373", "height": "6777", "filesize": "", "filename": "2020.276.9_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-11-19T11:40:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.276.9/2020.276.9_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "590", "filesize": "210642"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.276.9/2020.276.9_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2229", "filesize": "3153855"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2020.276.9/2020.276.9_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10500", "height": "6884", "filesize": "216871728"}}], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 423517, "creators": [{"id": 401107, "description": "Giovanni Battista Nolli (Italian, 1701\u20131756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian engraver and architect, 1701-1756", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1701", "death_year": "1756", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 401110, "description": "Carlo Nolli (Italian, 1690\u20131790)", "extent": "engraved by", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian painter and engraver, died after 1770", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1790", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}, {"id": 401113, "description": "Rocco Pozzi (Italian, 1701\u20131774)", "extent": "engraved by", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian engraver, 1701-1774", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1701", "death_year": "1774", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 3}, {"id": 401117, "description": "Pietro Campana de Soriano (Italian, 1725\u2013c. 1779)", "extent": "engraved by", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1725", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 4}, {"id": 401121, "description": "Stefano Pozzi (Italian, 1699\u20131768)", "extent": "designed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": "Italian painter and draftsman, 1699-1768", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1699", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 5}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-12-07T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1748", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2020.276", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:46.510000"}, {"id": 126770, "accession_number": "1949.187", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pope Pius VI Descending the Throne to Take Leave of the Doge in the Hall of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1782 and Pontifical Ceremony in SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1782 (pair), c. 1783. Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793). Oil on canvas; framed: 69.2 x 86.4 x 10.2 cm (27 1/4 x 34 x 4 in.); unframed: 51.4 x 68.8 cm (20 1/4 x 27 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1949.187", "current_location": null, "title": "Pope Pius VI Descending the Throne to Take Leave of the Doge in the Hall of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 1782 and Pontifical Ceremony in SS. Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, 1782 (pair)", "creation_date": "c. 1783", "creation_date_earliest": 1778, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 69.2 x 86.4 x 10.2 cm (27 1/4 x 34 x 4 in.); Unframed: 51.4 x 68.8 cm (20 1/4 x 27 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.692, "width": 0.864, "depth": 0.102}, "unframed": {"height": 0.514, "width": 0.688}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311919, "title": "Views of Venice", "description": "Views of Venice. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 26, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700175, "title": "Masterpieces Series", "description": "Masterpieces Series. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (May 10-June 19, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 293521, "title": "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe", "description": "Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 25-May 20, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (02/25/2018-05/20/2018): \"Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe\"", "opening_date": "2018-02-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jakob Goldschmidt, 1882-1955 (Berlin, Germany and New York, New York), by 1929, sold through", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jacques Seligman & Co. (New York, New York), to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1949.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Galerie Matthiessen, Berlin, 1944]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "From May 15-18, 1782, Pope Pius VI Braschi was in Venice, the only papal visit during the eighteenth century, an event celebrated with great festivities. Francesco Guardi (1712-1793), a native Venetian, was one of the most celebrated scenic painters of the eighteenth century, and specialized in depictions of cityscapes and the pomp and pageantry of Venetian ceremonial life. To celebrate the momentous occasion, the Englishman Peter Edwards commissioned four large scenes of the Pope's visit. The museum's two smaller paintings represent copies of the popular subject, which Guardi copied either for the open market or for other patrons. The Pontifical Ceremony (Te Deum) depicts the musical performance of Te Deum, a prayer of thanksgiving set to music by Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741), a famous Venetian Baroque composer. Te Deum was a traditional hymn recited in thanks to God for a special blessing, including a papal election or a royal coronation, and was appropriate for the historic papal visit. In the Reception of the Doge and Senate, the Doge, the elected prince of Venice, and Senators of the Venetian Republic process towards the throne, as the pope blesses the multitude of government leaders.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515651"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.187-pope-pius-vi-descend"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cTwo Historical Pictures by Francesco Guardi.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 37, no. 3 (March 1950): 48\u201354.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53-54; Reproduced: p. 50-51", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141620"}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. \"Four Paintings by Giovanni Antonio Guardi.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 9 (November 1957): 198-203.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 203", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142240"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 431", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n79"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 355-358; Reproduced: p. 357", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kerber, Peter Bjo\u0308rn, ed. Eyewitness Views: Making History in Eighteenth-Century Europe. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3, figs. 2 & 3", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.187", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187/1949.187_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "900", "filesize": "277199", "filename": "1949.187_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187/1949.187_print.jpg", "width": "2247", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2709446", "filename": "1949.187_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.187/1949.187_full.tif", "width": "5148", "height": "7791", "filesize": "120349704", "filename": "1949.187_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-01-11T16:04:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187/1949.187_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "673", "filesize": "209128"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187/1949.187_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2541", "filesize": "2530387"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1949.187/1949.187_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5148", "height": "3848", "filesize": "59453528"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126770, "creators": [{"id": 1201, "description": "Francesco Guardi (Italian, 1712\u20131793)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1712", "death_year": "1793", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-06-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1778, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:40.179000"}, {"id": 140214, "accession_number": "1964.204", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Bowls with Peony Sprays on Diaper Ground (exterior); Chrysanthemum Sprays (interior), 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736\u201395). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; diameter: 15.5 cm (6 1/8 in.); overall: 7.6 cm (3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Collection, 1964.204", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Pair of Bowls with Peony Sprays on Diaper Ground (exterior); Chrysanthemum Sprays (interior)", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong mark and reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 15.5 cm (6 1/8 in.); Overall: 7.6 cm (3 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.155}, "overall": {"height": 0.076}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Mark in overglaze enamel: \"Qianlong nian zhi\" (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH, to his relatives Severance and Greta Millikin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. 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Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 205", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.238", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.238/1964.238_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "888", "filesize": "53636", "filename": "1964.238_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.238/1964.238_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2391", "filesize": "373002", "filename": "1964.238_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.238/1964.238_full.tif", "width": "5203", "height": "3660", "filesize": "57150928", "filename": "1964.238_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-09-10T13:17:38", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.238/1964.238_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "862", "filesize": "54846"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.238/1964.238_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2321", "filesize": "389483"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.238/1964.238_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4985", "height": "3403", "filesize": "50913852"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140260, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:34.289000"}, {"id": 153529, "accession_number": "1987.11", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tambour Desk, c. 1800. John Seymour (American, 1738\u20131818), Thomas Seymour (American, 1771\u20131848). Mahogany, brass and enamel pulls; overall: 105.4 x 96 x 49.9 cm (41 1/2 x 37 13/16 x 19 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1987.11", "current_location": "205 Federal American", "title": "Tambour Desk", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Boston, early 19th Century"], "technique": "mahogany, brass and enamel pulls", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 105.4 x 96 x 49.9 cm (41 1/2 x 37 13/16 x 19 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.054, "width": 0.96, "depth": 0.499}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "The Year in Review for 1987. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Winthrop Carter Family, Portsmouth, New Hamsphire; (Israel Sack, New York); Mrs. Louisa Warren, New Canaan, Connecticut; (Israel Sack, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The severely rectilinear form, delicate inlay, sliding tambour doors, and blue-painted interior of this small desk relate it to the work of the English-born cabinetmaker John Seymour and his son, Thomas, who were in partnership in Boston during the years around 1800. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 153529, "creators": [{"id": 9132, "description": "John Seymour (American, 1738\u20131818)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1818", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 9135, "description": "Thomas Seymour (American, 1771\u20131848)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1771", "death_year": "1848", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:57.107000"}, {"id": 154519, "accession_number": "1989.159", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chest of Drawers (Commode), c. 1750\u2013 1765. 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Millikin, 1989.159", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Chest of Drawers (Commode)", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u2013 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oak, black lacquer with raised chinoiserie decoration, gilt metal mounts, marble top", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 89.6 x 128.3 x 81.9 cm (35 1/4 x 50 1/2 x 32 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.896, "width": 1.283, "depth": 0.819}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. 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Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154519, "creators": [{"id": 14516, "description": "Adrien Faizelot Delorme (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "probably by", "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u2013 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Commode"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:48.818000"}, {"id": 154726, "accession_number": "1989.309.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Square Covered Box with Hundred Antiquities (lid), 1723\u201335. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and reign (1723-35). Porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration; overall: 4 x 7.5 cm (1 9/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1989.309.b", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Square Covered Box with Hundred Antiquities (lid)", "creation_date": "1723\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and reign (1723-35)"], "technique": "porcelain with famille rose overglaze enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 4 x 7.5 cm (1 9/16 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.04, "width": 0.075}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310300, "title": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection", "description": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frederick T. Fuller", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, June 28, 1965, no. 21)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 28, 1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(John Sparks, Ltd., London, sold to Severance and Greta Millikin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Severance A. [1895-1985] and Greta Millikin [1903-1989], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-1989", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1989-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1989.309"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The painted decoration in this box cover provides an interesting image of the antiquities and objects being collected in the Chinese scholar\u2019s desk\u2014all of which are emblems of taste, status, and affluence. 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Maruyama \u014ckyo (Japanese, 1733\u20131795). Pair of six-panel folding screens, ink, gold, and silver on paper; overall: 154 x 362 cm (60 5/8 x 142 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1973.156", "current_location": null, "title": "Summer Night; Winter Day", "creation_date": "1784", "creation_date_earliest": 1784, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens, ink, gold, and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 154 x 362 cm (60 5/8 x 142 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.54, "width": 3.62}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 18-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-18T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 236). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 24, 2013-July 21, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-24T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Shogoro Yabumoto, Amagasaki, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "\u014ckyo painted these panoramas in the summer of 1784. Regarded as Kyoto's most important painting teacher and accomplished artist, he had studied Western painting techniques, \"realistic\" sketching from nature, and traditional Japanese style painting (yamato-e). The naturalistic quality of these scenes results from a blend of detailed observation of nature and a remote, even detached regard for man's place in the world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472429"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.156-summer-night-winter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 61, no. 2 (February 1974): 31\u201378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68; Mentioned: p. 78, no. 170", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 385", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n405"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147410, "creators": [{"id": 6166, "description": "Maruyama \u014ckyo (Japanese, 1733\u20131795)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u4e38\u5c71\u5fdc\u6319", "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1795", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-10-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1784, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1784", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:31.929000"}, {"id": 122225, "accession_number": "1942.538", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Venus and Cupid, second or third quarter 18th century. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Black chalk with stumping heightened with white chalk on blue laid paper; framing lines in brown ink; sheet: 20.8 x 32.6 cm (8 3/16 x 12 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Richard Owen, 1942.538", "current_location": null, "title": "Venus and Cupid", "creation_date": "second or third quarter 18th century", "creation_date_earliest": 1703, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Black chalk with stumping heightened with white chalk on blue laid paper; framing lines in brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 20.8 x 32.6 cm (8 3/16 x 12 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.208, "width": 0.326}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "Italian and French Drawings. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, \"End of Continuous Exhibition of CMA Old Master Drawings in Director's Corridor in Old Building\" (closed Mar. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (\"rearranged Jan. 21, 1953\").", "opening_date": "1953-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Director's Corridor\" (from June 30, 1950 (all drawings taken down from walls June 27-30, 1950, for cleaning)).", "opening_date": "1930-06-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"hung Director's Corridor\" (May 10, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Gallery II) (Dec. 15, 1944-July 14, 1949).", "opening_date": "1944-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Director's Corridor) (July 27-Dec. 8, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-07-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Superintendent's Corridor) (June 29, 1943-July 27, 1944).", "opening_date": "1943-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 17-Oct. 4, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "on an old mount now removed an apparently lost: FR (not in Lugt) [according to note on departmental catalogue sheet]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Although this sketch is similar to drawings by Boucher, a talented pupil or another artist striving to emulate Boucher probably made it.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018504"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.538-venus-and-cupid"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.538", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.538/1942.538_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "822", "filesize": "907135", "filename": "1942.538_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.538/1942.538_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2212", "filesize": "7734082", "filename": "1942.538_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.538/1942.538_full.tif", "width": "6484", "height": "4220", "filesize": "82116412", "filename": "1942.538_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Richard Owen", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122225, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-06-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1703, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "second or third quarter 18th century", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:44.224000"}, {"id": 111325, "accession_number": "1929.831", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Embroidery sampler (chelliga/shelliga), c. 1700s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Moroccan embroiderer. Cotton, silk, dye; overall: 58.4 x 59.1 cm (23 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Educational Purchase Fund, 1929.831", "current_location": null, "title": "Embroidery sampler (chelliga/shelliga)", "creation_date": "c. 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Moroccan embroiderer"], "technique": "Cotton, silk, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Sampler", "measurements": "Overall: 58.4 x 59.1 cm (23 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.584, "width": 0.591}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased from Sotheby & Co, London.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 111335, "description": "Embroidery sampler (chelliga/shelliga), 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Sal\u00e9, Moroccan embroiderer. Cotton, silk, dye; average: 81.9 x 79.4 cm (32 1/4 x 31 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.841", "relationship": null}, {"id": 111336, "description": "Embroidery sampler (chelliga/shelliga), 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Sal\u00e9, Moroccan embroiderer. Cotton, silk, dye; overall: 104.1 x 81.3 cm (41 x 32 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.842", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Upon completing their training, professionally-trained young women would produce a sampler as a \"diploma\" testifying to their embroidery skills.", "description": "These detailed samplers demonstrate the artist's technical range. Here, floral designs, protective open-palm hand motifs (khamsa) and various patterns are embroidered using double-running stitches, straight stitches, and long-armed cross stitches with dyed silk thread. Young women from all social classes would learn these skills from a master craftswoman (mu'allima), who taught within her home.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80003345"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.831-sampler", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.831-embroidery-sampler-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stone, Caroline. The Embroideries of North Africa. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 69, 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paydar, Niloo Imami, and Ivo Grammet. The Fabric of Moroccan Life. Indianapolis, Ind: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 72, 79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Denamur, Isabelle, Pierre Ferbos, and Louise Rogers Lalaurie. Moroccan textile embroidery. Paris: Flammarion, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 179, 185, 187-189", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alaoui, Rachida. Florile\u0300ge de la broderie marocaine. [Milan]: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 86-87", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.831", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.831/1929.831_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "897", "filesize": "581000", "filename": "1929.831_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.831/1929.831_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3390", "filesize": "5807209", "filename": "1929.831_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.831/1929.831_full.tif", "width": "8853", "height": "8827", "filesize": "234471628", "filename": "1929.831_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-02-21T16:06:35", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.831/1929.831_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "905", "height": "893", "filesize": "812917"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.831/1929.831_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3354", "filesize": "10471837"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.831/1929.831_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4080", "height": "4025", "filesize": "49304436"}}, {"date_created": "2022-10-11T14:20:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.831/1929.831_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "896", "filesize": "581232"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.831/1929.831_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3383", "filesize": "5761665"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.831/1929.831_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9000", "height": "8956", "filesize": "241846488"}}], "creditline": "Educational Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111325, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-09-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:34.437000"}, {"id": 111336, "accession_number": "1929.842", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Embroidery sampler (chelliga/shelliga), 1800s. 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Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Moroccan embroiderer. Cotton, silk, dye; overall: 58.4 x 59.1 cm (23 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Educational Purchase Fund, 1929.831", "relationship": null}, {"id": 111335, "description": "Embroidery sampler (chelliga/shelliga), 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Sal\u00e9, Moroccan embroiderer. Cotton, silk, dye; average: 81.9 x 79.4 cm (32 1/4 x 31 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.841", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sampler's motifs include human figures, floral motifs, doorways, and \u201cresha\u201d starlike motifs. It is unusual for samplers to have a fringe border.", "description": "These detailed samplers demonstrate the artist's technical range. Here, floral designs, protective open-palm hand motifs (khamsa) and various patterns are embroidered using double-running stitches, straight stitches, and long-armed cross stitches with dyed silk thread. Young women from all social classes would learn these skills from a master craftswoman (mu\u2019allima), who taught within her home. Upon the completion their studies, these professionally trained women would produce a sampler as a \u201cdiploma\u201d testifying to their skills.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80003373"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.842-sampler", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.842-embroidery-sampler-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stone, Caroline. The Embroideries of North Africa. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 69, 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paydar, Niloo Imami, and Ivo Grammet. The Fabric of Moroccan Life. Indianapolis, Ind: Indianapolis Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 72, 79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Denamur, Isabelle, Pierre Ferbos, and Louise Rogers Lalaurie. Moroccan textile embroidery. Paris: Flammarion, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 179, 185, 187-189", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alaoui, Rachida. Florile\u0300ge de la broderie marocaine. [Milan]: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 86-87", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.842", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.842/1929.842_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "715", "filesize": "496078", "filename": "1929.842_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.842/1929.842_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2702", "filesize": "5445792", "filename": "1929.842_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.842/1929.842_full.tif", "width": "13403", "height": "10652", "filesize": "428338664", "filename": "1929.842_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-07-11T17:19:12", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.842/1929.842_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1059", "height": "893", "filesize": "969094"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.842/1929.842_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2867", "filesize": "9990923"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.842/1929.842_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4253", "height": "3586", "filesize": "45789752"}}, {"date_created": "2023-03-17T16:29:40", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.842/1929.842_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "707", "filesize": "481980"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.842/1929.842_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2671", "filesize": "5237965"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1929.842/1929.842_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13560", "height": "10652", "filesize": "433355564"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111336, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-09-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:41.534000"}, {"id": 122107, "accession_number": "1942.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ladies Writing Desk, c. 1750\u201375. Possibly Northern Italy, near France. Oak with straw marquetry; overall: 97.2 x 76.2 x 44.5 cm (38 1/4 x 30 x 17 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers in memory of her father, William J. Rainey, 1942.40", "current_location": null, "title": "Ladies Writing Desk", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Possibly Northern Italy, near France"], "technique": "Oak with straw marquetry", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 97.2 x 76.2 x 44.5 cm (38 1/4 x 30 x 17 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.972, "width": 0.762, "depth": 0.445}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The surface of this ladies writing desk is completely covered with straw marquetry decoration both outside and in.", "description": "As early as the beginning of the 17th century, straw marquetry was being produced throughout Europe. 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Because of its silky gloss and bright colors, straw marquetry was held in great esteem as unusual and remarkable decoration for furniture and other objects on par with gemstones, tortoiseshell, or ivory.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018352"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.40-ladies-writing-desk"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"The Rousseau de la Rotti\u00e8re Room the Gift of Grace Rainey Rogers.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 29, no. 4 (April 1942): 47-66", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50-51; Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140981"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n205"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.40/1942.40_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "311486", "filename": "1942.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.40/1942.40_print.jpg", "width": "2797", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4150869", "filename": "1942.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.40/1942.40_full.tif", "width": "4113", "height": "5000", "filesize": "61711328", "filename": "1942.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-05-31T17:14:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1942.40/1942.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "296208"}, "print": 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Rainey", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122107, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Straw Marquetry Desk"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:02.973000"}, {"id": 134858, "accession_number": "1957.412", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re), 1753\u201354. Jean Ducrollay (French, 1709\u20131787), miniatures by Louis Nicolas van Blarenberghe (French, 1716\u20131794). Gold and glass with miniatures; overall: 3.4 x 5.6 cm (1 5/16 x 2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene, 1957.412", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box (Tabati\u00e8re)", "creation_date": "1753\u201354", "creation_date_earliest": 1753, "creation_date_latest": 1754, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "gold and glass with miniatures", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 3.4 x 5.6 cm (1 5/16 x 2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.034, "width": 0.056, "length": 0.077}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker's mark of Jean Ducrollay, master goldsmith in 1734, inside cover; bottom; right side]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark of Julien Berthe, Paris, 1750-1756, inside cover; bottom; right side]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Julien Berthe, Paris, 1750-1756, on bezel]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Inscribed on miniature, front side]: \"V.[an] Blarenberghe/1753\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1763-1754, inside cover; bottom; right side]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Ducrollay family was one of the most sought-after Parisian goldsmith workshops under the reign of French King Louis XV.", "description": "In 18th-century France ornately enameled boxes that held snuff\u2014powdered tobacco\u2014became a popular accessory in the French court. This object\u2019s rectangular shape differs from early work attributed to Jean Ducrollay. Though the light colors, floral borders, and depictions of lively outdoor recreation are representative of earlier rococo imagery, the rectangular shape and simple frieze make it a primary example of rising neoclassicism.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80027568"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.412-snuff-box-tabatiere"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n203"}, {"citation": "Oberer, Angela, and Rosalba Carriera. Rosalba Carriera. London: Lund Humphries, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 20-21, fig. 9", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.412", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.412/1957.412_web.jpg", "width": "1134", "height": "893", "filesize": "782627", "filename": "1957.412_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.412/1957.412_print.jpg", "width": "1951", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2364055", "filename": "1957.412_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.412/1957.412_full.tif", "width": "1951", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8993460", "filename": "1957.412_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1957.412/1957.412_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1247", "height": "893", "filesize": "801992"}, "print": {"url": 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Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134858, "creators": [{"id": 8684, "description": "Jean Ducrollay (French, 1709\u20131787)", "extent": "made by", "qualifier": null, "role": "goldsmith", "biography": "master 1734", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1709", "death_year": "1787", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 300241, "description": "Louis Nicolas van Blarenberghe (French, 1716\u20131794)", "extent": "miniatures by", "qualifier": null, "role": "painter", "biography": "French painter, 1716-1794", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1716", "death_year": "1794", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1753, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1753\u201354", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Six Miniatures"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:11.542000"}, {"id": 152328, "accession_number": "1985.19", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar with Bird and Flower Decoration (\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \ud654\uc870\ubb38 \ud638 (\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u82b1\u9ce5\u6587\u58fa)), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Stoneware with underglaze blue designs; outer diameter: 33 cm (13 in.); overall: 43.4 cm (17 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1985.19", "current_location": null, "title": "Jar with Bird and Flower Decoration", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \ud654\uc870\ubb38 \ud638 (\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u82b1\u9ce5\u6587\u58fa)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "stoneware with underglaze blue designs", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Outer diameter: 33 cm (13 in.); Overall: 43.4 cm (17 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"outer diameter": {"width": 0.33}, "overall": {"height": 0.434}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.106}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.182}, "height of mouth": {"height": 0.04}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kochukyo Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Cobalt blue, an expensive imported mineral from Persia (modern-day Iran), was officially banned for use in Korea during the 1700s.", "description": "Joseon blue-and-white porcelains were called \u201c\u9751\u756b,\" meaning \u201cpainted in blue.\u201d The blue here indicates cobalt pigment. In the 1700s, the royal court banned the importation of cobalt blue for its luxurious nature; thus, relatively few Joseon blue-and-white porcelain vessels were produced at that time. In that context, this modest-looking jar was considered to be a rare luxury.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79936669"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.19-jar-with-bird-and-fl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bang, Byungsun. \"The Technology of Porcelain Manufacturing in the late Joseon Dynasty [\u671d\u9bae\u5f8c\u671f \u767d\u78c1\uc758 \u88fd\u4f5c\u6280\u8853 \u784f\u7a76].\" Misul sahak yeongu (1997): 67-104", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00995382"}, {"citation": "Jeon, Seung-chang. \"Painted Images of Late Joseon-Period Porcelains and Their Connections with Folk Painting [\uc870\uc120\ud6c4\uae30 \ubc31\uc790\uc7a5\uc2dd\uc758 \ubbfc\ud654\uc694\uc18c \uace0\ucc30].\" Misulsa yeongu (2002): 255-278.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00195406"}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. 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Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Stoneware with white slip and overglaze; overall: 8.1 cm (3 3/16 in.); diameter of base: 5.5 cm (2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1991.106", "current_location": null, "title": "Tea Bowl", "title_in_original_language": "\ubd84\uccad\uc0ac\uae30 \uc644 (\u7c89\u9751\u6c99\u5668\u7897)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "stoneware with white slip and overglaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 8.1 cm (3 3/16 in.); Diameter of base: 5.5 cm (2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.081}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.055}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.177}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(James J. Freeman, Ky\u014dto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131991", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This type of rustic-looking tea bowl was produced in one of the kilns established by the trading office (Waegwan) in Buan, southern Gyeongsang province, for Japanese tea bowl collectors who admired the beauty of imperfection.", "description": "This type of wide-mouthed bowl was used every day in Korea, not exclusively for tea drinking. But when it was introduced to Japan around the early 16th century, its imperfect appearance, which evokes the aesthetics of wabi-sabi, caused it to be repurposed as a tea bowl. Korean tea bowls were circulated as a item of foreign luxury among Japanese military elites. Possibly produced in one of the kilns established by the trading office (Waegwan) in Busan, southern Gyeongsang province, this type of tea bowl was sold to Japanese tea bowl collectors. According to a historical record dated to 1641, one trading boat shipped more than 14,000 tea bowls to Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79944149"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.106-tea-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jeong, Dong-ju. From Joseon Rice Bowl to Yido Tea Bowl [\uc870\uc120 \ub9c9\uc0ac\ubc1c\uacfc \uc774\ub3c4\ub2e4\uc644]. Paju: Hangil ateu, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hur, Nam-lin. \u201cKorean Tea Bowls (K\u014drai Chawan) and Japanese Wabicha: A Story of Acculturation in Premodern Northeast Asia.\u201d Korean Studies 39 (2015): 1\u201322.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/44509616"}, {"citation": "Kang, Mu-Chang. \"A Study on the Characteristics of Japanese Made-to-Order Ceramics and the Transition Process of Busan Waegwanyo Kiln - With a focus on Commissioned Tea Bowls [\uc77c\ubcf8 \uc8fc\ubb38 \ub3c4\uc790\uae30\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uacfc \ubd80\uc0b0 \uc65c\uad00\uc694 \ubcc0\ucc9c\uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c - \uc8fc\ubb38\ub2e4\uc644(\u5fa1\u672c\u8336\u7897)\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c].\" Hankuk dojahak yeongu 17, no. 3 (2020): 5-19. 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Pen and brown ink, black crayon and pink wash on laid paper (recto); pen and brown ink on laid paper (verso); sheet: 21.7 x 17 cm (8 9/16 x 6 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Muriel Butkin, 2019.256", "current_location": null, "title": "Theatre Scene (recto); Lingerie Boutique and Conversation (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1765\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Pen and brown ink, black crayon and pink wash on laid paper (recto); pen and brown ink on laid paper (verso)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.7 x 17 cm (8 9/16 x 6 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.217, "width": 0.17}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Watermark: C(?) 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The artist developed a distinctive composite style of sketching, and this work exemplifies his practice of covering both sides of a sheet of paper with diverse images in varying media.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84278766"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.256-theatre-scene-recto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e des arts de\u0301coratifs (France), and International Confederation of Dealers in Works of Art. Chefs-d'\u0153uvre de la curiosite\u0301 du monde: 2e exposition internationale de la C.I.N.O.A., 10 juin-30 septembre 1954. [Paris]: [Les Presses Artistiques], 1954.", "page_number": "pl. 42", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/10397996"}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Charles E. Exhibition of Drawings by Old and Modern Masters. New York: Charles E. Slatkin, 1956.", "page_number": "pl. XIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Charles E. Slatkin Galleries. 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Baer [1898-1976], New Rochelle, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-1961", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Shepherd Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Muriel Butkin [1916-2008], Shaker Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-2008", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "December 2, 2019", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Because of Gabriel de Saint-Aubin\u2019s focus on social events and contemporary culture, his drawings are considered important records of eighteenth-century Parisian life.", "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin was known for his distinctively sketchy style and interest in depicting performances such as dance and theater, the subjects seen here. 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Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (French, 1724\u20131780). Pen, brown ink, laid paper; sheet: 21.7 x 17 cm (8 9/16 x 6 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Muriel Butkin, 2019.256.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Lingerie Boutique and Conversation (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1765\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Pen, brown ink, laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.7 x 17 cm (8 9/16 x 6 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.217, "width": 0.17}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Watermark: C(?) TORE(?)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "N. Konstantinoff, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Werteimer, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Charles E. Slatkin Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Curtis O. Baer [1898-1976], New Rochelle, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-1961", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Shepherd Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Muriel Butkin [1916-2008], Shaker Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-2008", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "December 2, 2019", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Because of Gabriel de Saint-Aubin\u2019s focus on social events and contemporary culture, his drawings are considered important records of eighteenth-century Parisian life.", "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin was known for his distinctively sketchy style and interest in depicting performances such as dance and theater, the subjects seen here. The artist developed a distinctive composite style of sketching, and this work exemplifies his practice of covering both sides of a sheet of paper with diverse images in varying media.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244871"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.256.b-lingerie-boutique-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e des arts de\u0301coratifs (France), and International Confederation of Dealers in Works of Art. Chefs-d'\u0153uvre de la curiosite\u0301 du monde: 2e exposition internationale de la C.I.N.O.A., 10 juin-30 septembre 1954. [Paris]: [Les Presses Artistiques], 1954.", "page_number": "pl. 42", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/10397996"}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Charles E. Exhibition of Drawings by Old and Modern Masters. New York: Charles E. Slatkin, 1956.", "page_number": "pl. XIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Charles E. Slatkin Galleries. French Master Drawings, Renaissance to Modern. A Loan Exhibition, February 10 Through March 7, 1959. 1959.", "page_number": "p. 9, no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of Minnesota, Lorenz Eitner, and Sidney Simon. The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists, a Loan Exhibition, January 24 to March 7, 1961. Minneapolis: University Gallery, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 30, no. 84", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.256.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.256.b/2019.256.b_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "900", "filesize": "391592", "filename": "2019.256.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.256.b/2019.256.b_print.jpg", "width": "2690", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5067012", "filename": "2019.256.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.256.b/2019.256.b_full.tif", "width": "9006", "height": "11383", "filesize": "307574972", "filename": "2019.256.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Muriel Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 394791, "creators": [{"id": 1960, "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (French, 1724\u20131780)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1724", "death_year": "1780", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-12-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2019.256", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:27.958000"}, {"id": 370715, "accession_number": "2019.78.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rank Badge with Single Crane Motif (\ub2e8\ud559\ud749\ubc30), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Silk, satin damask weave; silk thread embroidery; 25.4 x 25.4 cm (10 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Alma Kroeger Fund, 2019.78.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Rank Badge with Single Crane Motif", "title_in_original_language": "\ub2e8\ud559\ud749\ubc30", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Silk, satin damask weave; silk thread embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "25.4 x 25.4 cm (10 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.254}, "mounted": {"height": 0.432, "width": 0.781}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kang Collection, New York, NY, ?-2019, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-2019", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 2019-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2019-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many different types of stitches are used in this pair of rank badges. One of them is the couching stitch that uses a thicker foundation thread and a thinner thread. In this work, gold thread is used as the foundation thread.", "description": "Traditionally, square silk badges with embroidered birds and animals were worn on the front and back of official costumes. Rather than simple ornaments, rank badges represent the status of the wearer, with different animals indicating the hierarchy of ranks. The single crane, as on these rank badges, was worn by civil officials of the fourth or higher ranks.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877670"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.78.1-rank-badge-with-sing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chung, Young Yang, Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam, New York, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rank Badges [\ud749\ubc30]. Seoul: National Folk Museum of Korea, 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Embroidery Patterns [\ubb38\uc591]. Seoul: Daewonsa, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 347, no. 002", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.78.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.78.1/2019.78.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "898", "filesize": "595596", "filename": "2019.78.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.78.1/2019.78.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3394", "filesize": "7311590", "filename": "2019.78.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.78.1/2019.78.1_full.tif", "width": "5963", "height": "5953", "filesize": "106527884", "filename": "2019.78.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Alma Kroeger Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 370715, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-06-03T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2019.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Embroidered Rank Badge with Single Crane for First Rank Civil Official"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:13.233000"}, {"id": 370716, "accession_number": "2019.78.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rank Badge with Single Crane Motif (\ub2e8\ud559\ud749\ubc30), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Silk, satin damask weave; silk thread embroidery; 25.4 x 25.4 cm (10 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Alma Kroeger Fund, 2019.78.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Rank Badge with Single Crane Motif", "title_in_original_language": "\ub2e8\ud559\ud749\ubc30", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Silk, satin damask weave; silk thread embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "25.4 x 25.4 cm (10 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.254, "width": 0.254}, "mounted": {"height": 0.432, "width": 0.781}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kang Collection, New York, NY, ?-2019, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2019", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 2019-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2019-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many different types of stitches are used in this pair of rank badges. One of them is the couching stitch that uses a thicker foundation thread and a thinner thread. In this work, gold thread is used as the foundation thread.", "description": "Traditionally, square silk badges with embroidered birds and animals were worn on the front and back of official costumes. Rather than simple ornaments, rank badges represent the status of the wearer, with different animals indicating the hierarchy of ranks. The single crane, as on these rank badges, was worn by civil officials of the fourth or higher ranks.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79877672"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.78.2-rank-badge-with-sing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chung, Young Yang, Silken Threads: A History of Embroidery in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam, New York, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rank Badges [\ud749\ubc30]. Seoul: National Folk Museum of Korea, 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Embroidery Patterns [\ubb38\uc591]. Seoul: Daewonsa, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 347, no. 002", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.78.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.78.2/2019.78.2_web.jpg", "width": "896", "height": "900", "filesize": "590959", "filename": "2019.78.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.78.2/2019.78.2_print.jpg", "width": "3383", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6859198", "filename": "2019.78.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.78.2/2019.78.2_full.tif", "width": "5883", "height": "5913", "filesize": "104393236", "filename": "2019.78.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Alma Kroeger Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 370716, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-06-03T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2019.78", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Embroidered Rank Badge with Single Crane for First Rank Civil Official"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:41.509000"}, {"id": 523238, "accession_number": "2022.136", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "George Clavering Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper, 1785. Hugh Douglas Hamilton (Irish, 1729\u20131808). Pastel on paper stretched on linen; sheet: 94 x 68.6 cm (37 x 27 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2022.136", "current_location": null, "title": "George Clavering Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper", "creation_date": "1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Ireland, 18th century"], "technique": "pastel on paper stretched on linen", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Misc. Countries", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 94 x 68.6 cm (37 x 27 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.94, "width": 0.686}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Clavering Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "George Clavering Cowper, 4th Earl Cowper", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Peter Clavering Cowper, 5th Earl Cowper", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "George Cowper, 6th Earl Cowper", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Francis Cowper, 7th Earl Cowper", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Katrina Cowper, Countess Cowper", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Ethel, Lady Desborough", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Honorable Monica Grenfell, later Lady Salmond", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Rosemary Salmond, later Lady Ravensdale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Private Collection, by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Lowell Libson & Jonny Yarker Ltd., British Art, London, England), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2022", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Pastel portraiture, which became fashionable in the 18th century, was prized for its powdery, matte surface, which created a fresco-like quality when placed in small rooms lit by candlelight.", "description": "This pastel portrait of George Clavering Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper (1738\u20131789), was made in Florence, the earl\u2019s permanent home, by the most celebrated Irish portraitist of the Grand Tour. Cowper prominently wears the sash and star of the Order of St. Hubertus, a knightly order of aristocratic hunters to which he was inducted in March 1785. It seems likely that the bucolic scene was commissioned to commemorate the honor. Cowper\u2019s hunting dog receives a tender pat on the head and wears a bold shining metal collar inscribed with Cowper\u2019s name.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247703"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.136-george-clavering-cow"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George C. Daniel Gardner, Painter in Pastel and Gouache; A Brief Account of His Life and Works. London: John Lane, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 94 (reproduced)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jeffares, Neil. Dictionary of pastellists before 1800. London: Unicorn Press, 2006.", "page_number": "cat. No. J.375.1225", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sheail, Philip, ed. \u201cThe Third Earl Cowper and his Florentine Household 1760-90,\u201d Hertfordshire Record Society, vol. 36, 2020.", "page_number": "p. 48 (reproduced)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter. \"The Picture Collection of the Earls Cowper at Panshanger.\" Artibus et Historiae: An Art Anthology 88, v. 44 (2023): 209-271.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 220, 222; Reproduced: p. 220, fig. 12", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.136", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.136/2022.136_web.jpg", "width": "647", "height": "900", "filesize": "303084", "filename": "2022.136_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.136/2022.136_print.jpg", "width": "2443", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3366232", "filename": "2022.136_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.136/2022.136_full.tif", "width": "8469", "height": "11787", "filesize": "299502637", "filename": "2022.136_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 523238, "creators": [{"id": 523232, "description": "Hugh Douglas Hamilton (Irish, 1729\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Irish painter, ca.1739-1808", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1729", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-12-05T05:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:55.580000"}, {"id": 125942, "accession_number": "1948.176.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Gardener, c. 1723\u201327. Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743). Oil on canvas; framed: 157 x 43 x 5.5 cm (61 13/16 x 16 15/16 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 151 x 36.5 cm (59 7/16 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.176.1", "current_location": null, "title": "The Gardener", "creation_date": "c. 1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1718, "creation_date_latest": 1732, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 157 x 43 x 5.5 cm (61 13/16 x 16 15/16 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 151 x 36.5 cm (59 7/16 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.57, "width": 0.43, "depth": 0.055}, "unframed": {"height": 1.51, "width": 0.365}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302022, "title": "Decorative Style", "description": "Decorative Style. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 8, 1961-January 7, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-09-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309656, "title": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts", "description": "Highlights of the Rococo: Norweb Ceramics and Related Arts. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8, 1983-June 3, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Nicolas Lancret 1690-1743, Frick Collection (Nov. 19, 1991-Jan. 12, 1992); The Kimbell Art Museum (Feb. 15-Apr. 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth-Century, Detroit Institute of Art. MI (December 2\u201320, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-12-02T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Three French Reigns (Louis XIV, XV, & XVI), London (February 21\u2013April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Viscount Pierre de Chezelles and Vicomte Hippolyte le Sellier de Chezelles", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lord Duveen, 1869 - 1939 (London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1926 - at least 1933", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. 'Commodore' Louis Dudley Beaumont (1857-1942) and Mrs. \n Beaumont (Helene M. Thomas) (1895-1988), Cap d\u2019Antibes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "about 1935-36-1942", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1948.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-1948", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1948.176"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This whimsical series is one typically found in fashionable, elite Parisian residences of the eighteenth century. Panel paintings of this variety were created to decorated the space above chair rails and in between doors and windows, and Lancret's series was painted for a room in the Pavillon d'Hauteville in Paris. In keeping with the eighteenth-century French tradition of depicting the four seasons or the times of the day, Lancret's five decorative panels have a unifying theme. Pastoral activities and games, favored themes of Lancret, are the overarching motifs, and depict afternoon pastimes, set in nature. Three of the panels, The Swing, The See Saw, and The Vintage,depict lithe, youthful duets playfully engaging in the outdoor pleasures, while the narrower panels, The Gardener and Horticulture, host individual figures cultivating lush, private gardens. Despite the disparate subjects, stylistic details unify the series, including the delicate arabesques derived from nature that frame the scenes, and similar flora and fauna in each panel.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515532"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.176.1-the-gardener"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Lancret. Paris: G. Servant, 1924.", "page_number": "p. 120, mentioned under no. 742", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, December 2 to 20, 1926. [Detroit]: [Institute of Arts], 1926.", "page_number": "Nos. 32-33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Fourth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters: French Paintings of the Eighteenth Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, December 2 to 20, 1926. [Detroit]: [Institute of Arts], 1926.", "page_number": "Nos. 32-33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301. Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. [London]: [publisher not identified], 1933.", "page_number": "no. 82.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"A French Rococo Collection Goes to Cleveland\", Art News, XLVII (September 1948).", "page_number": "p. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 35, no. 10 (1948).", "page_number": "p. 222, illus. 226-27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141515"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82-85; Mentioned: p. 82-87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holmes, Mary Tavener, and Joseph Focarino. Nicolas Lancret: 1690-1743. New York: H.N. Abrams in association with the Frick Collection, 1992.", "page_number": "pp 60-63, cat. No. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holmes, Mary Tavener, and Joseph Focarino. Nicolas Lancret: 1690-1743. New York: H.N. Abrams in association with the Frick Collection, 1992.", "page_number": "pp 60-63, cat. No. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wintermute, Alan \"One of the Great Sponges: The Art of Nicolas Lancret,\" Apollo (March 1992).", "page_number": "p. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.176.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.176.1/1948.176.1_web.jpg", "width": "206", "height": "893", "filesize": "148699", "filename": "1948.176.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.176.1/1948.176.1_print.jpg", "width": "785", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2094420", "filename": "1948.176.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.176.1/1948.176.1_full.tif", "width": "2312", "height": "10019", "filesize": "69522008", "filename": "1948.176.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125942, "creators": [{"id": 1885, "description": "Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1718, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1948.176", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:58.551000"}, {"id": 132647, "accession_number": "1955.165", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sketch for \"The Assumption of the Virgin\" (for St. James, Zbraslav, near Prague)?, c. 1744. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Oil on canvas; framed: 85 x 51.5 x 6.5 cm (33 7/16 x 20 1/4 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 71.6 x 38.2 cm (28 3/16 x 15 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. N. Lester Farnacy, 1955.165", "current_location": null, "title": "Sketch for \"The Assumption of the Virgin\" (for St. James, Zbraslav, near Prague)?", "creation_date": "c. 1744", "creation_date_earliest": 1739, "creation_date_latest": 1749, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 85 x 51.5 x 6.5 cm (33 7/16 x 20 1/4 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 71.6 x 38.2 cm (28 3/16 x 15 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.85, "width": 0.515, "depth": 0.065}, "unframed": {"height": 0.716, "width": 0.382}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "The Venetian Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517756, "title": "From El Greco to Pollock: Early and Late Works of European and American Artists", "description": "From El Greco to Pollock: Early and Late Works of European and American Artists. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 22-December 8, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 28.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron Art Insitute, October 1-31, 1957: \"Masterpieces Series,\"", "opening_date": "1931-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Balitmore (Maryland) Museum of Art, October 22-December 8, 1968: \" From El Greco to Pollock: Early and Late Works of European and American Artists,\" cat. no. 38, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-10-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1955-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. and Mrs. N. Lester Farnacy, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "UNtil 1955", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alessandro Morandotti [1909-1979] Rome)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Hans Dietrich Gronau [1904-1951] or Carmen Groneau [1910-1999], London1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1The price list for the 1950 Sotheby's sale lists \"Gronau\" as the buyer of this painting. Gronau could refer either to Hans Dietrich Gronau, an art historian, or his wife, Carmen, who would later become head of the Old Master Paintings department at Sotheby's, London. A \"Mrs. Gronau\" appears in the Getty Provenance Index database in the provenance of a sculpture in the National Gallery, London.
"], "date": "1950", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Mrs. Tancred Borenius sale, Sotheby\u2019s, London, June 7, 1950, lot 126, sold to Gronau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Anne-Marie R\u00fcneberg Borenius, Coombe Bissett, Wiltshire, consigned to Sotheby\u2019s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-1950", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Tancred Borenius [1885-1948], London, by descent to his wife, Anne-Marie R\u00fcneberg1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
1In 1955, art dealer Francis Matthiesen wrote to CMA curator Henry Sayles Francis: \u201cI remember the \u201cAssumption of the Virgin\u201d really well - I saw it many times in Tancred Borenius\u2019 house.\u201d
"], "date": "Until 1948", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "According to Roman Catholic theology, the Assumption is the movement of the Virgin Mary's body and soul into heaven. Thus the central figure of the Virgin dominates this scene of the Assumption, outstretching her arms and supported by two angels as she ascends into heaven. Below, saints surround the Virgin's tomb. St. Peter reaches for the foot of the ascending Virgin, suggesting a connection between heaven and earth. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta created this work as a sketch for his larger altarpiece commissioned in 1743 for the Church of St. James in Zbraslav, near Prague. The Assumption of the Virgin is a rare oil sketch by Piazzetta, and the larger composition adheres closely to this model. One difference between the sketch and the altarpiece is that the saints are illuminated more in the preliminary work. A divine light shines on the faces of the Virgin and the figures below her. Above the other figures, the Virgin appears remote and focuses on heaven as she looks upwards and beyond the painting's borders. The grouping of the figures in the center of this painting creates a vast surrounding space which fittingly gives this altarpiece sketch a sense of monumentality.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516634"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.165-sketch-for-the-assum"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Old Master Drawings and Paintings. June 7, 1950.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Old Master Drawings and Paintings. June 7, 1950.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Old Master Drawings and Paintings. 1950.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Old Master Drawings and Paintings. 1950.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis Matthiesen, letter to Henry Sayles Francis, Nov. 9, 1955, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Piazetta's Model for 'The Assumption of the Virgin.'\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 8 (October 1955): 189-191.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189; Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142065"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n167"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n167"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n162"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 389-391; Reproduced: p. 390", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.165", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.165/1955.165_web.jpg", "width": "489", "height": "893", "filesize": "303112", "filename": "1955.165_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.165/1955.165_print.jpg", "width": "1861", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3970880", "filename": "1955.165_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.165/1955.165_full.tif", "width": "3141", "height": "5740", "filesize": "54117972", "filename": "1955.165_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. and Mrs. N. Lester Farnacy", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132647, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-03-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1739, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1744", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:23.067000"}, {"id": 123677, "accession_number": "1944.225.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sugar Bowl (Sucrier), 1745\u201348. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.225.a", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Sugar Bowl (Sucrier)", "creation_date": "1745\u201348", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 8.1 x 16.2 cm (3 3/16 x 6 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.081, "width": 0.162}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "in red: P.M.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection; (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This covered bowl is one of the earliest surviving examples of Vincennes porcelain. Its decorations, particularly the lacy borders, show the influence of Meissen porcelain, but an individual note is struck in the extreme delicacy and colorful restraint of the painting of the landscape scenes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757514"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.225.a-sugar-bowl-sucrier"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60, fig. 63", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.225.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "741", "filesize": "155132", "filename": "1944.225.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2801", "filesize": "886998", "filename": "1944.225.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_full.tif", "width": "5592", "height": "4607", "filesize": "77312024", "filename": "1944.225.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-09-20T19:12:37", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "795", "filesize": "174428"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3004", "filesize": "1024151"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5880", "height": "5196", "filesize": "91685104"}}, {"date_created": "2021-09-20T19:20:21", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "844", "filesize": "176193"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3189", "filesize": "1091525"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1944.225.a/1944.225.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4987", "height": "4678", "filesize": "70013524"}}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123677, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11807, "description": "Vincennes Porcelain Factory (France, 1740\u201356)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "The French National Manufacture of soft-paste porcelain was established at Vincennes in 1738 before it moved in 1756.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1745\u201348", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1944.225", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Covered Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:26.746000"}, {"id": 123678, "accession_number": "1944.225.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cover for a Sugar Bowl, 1745\u201348. Vincennes Porcelain Manufactory (French, 1740\u20131756). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 15.3 cm (6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.225.b", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Cover for a Sugar Bowl", "creation_date": "1745\u201348", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Vincennes"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.3 cm (6 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.153}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "In red on interior of lid: P.M. 16 4.8B", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in the J. Pierpont Morgan collection; (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This covered bowl is one of the earliest surviving examples of Vincennes porcelain. Its decorations, particularly the lacy borders, show the influence of Meissen porcelain, but an individual note is struck in the extreme delicacy and colorful restraint of the painting of the landscape scenes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60739999"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. 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Despite its glittering surface, this small expensive set disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or the shop where it was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244720"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.313.e-snuff-spoon"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.313.e", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313.e/1916.313.e_web.jpg", "width": "548", "height": "900", "filesize": "203479", "filename": "1916.313.e_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313.e/1916.313.e_print.jpg", "width": "2069", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2877095", "filename": "1916.313.e_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313.e/1916.313.e_full.tif", "width": "2617", "height": "4301", "filesize": "33790672", "filename": "1916.313.e_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 380477, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1916.313", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:04.468000"}, {"id": 380478, "accession_number": "1916.313.f", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pencil, c. 1770. England, 18th century. Gilt metal. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.313.f", "current_location": null, "title": "Pencil", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gilt metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857-1926] and Ellen Garretson Wade [1859-1917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Stored inside this case are grooming and writing instruments such as a clasp knife, scissors, an ivory tablet, a pencil, a threading needle used for lacing corsets, and an ear scoop.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Especially popular were \u00e9tuis, small ornamented cases containing miniature sewing, writing, or grooming implements that hung at a woman\u2019s waist from an ornate clasp, known as a chatelaine. Despite its glittering surface, this small expensive set disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or the shop where it was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244724"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.313.f-pencil"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.313.f", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313.f/1916.313.f_web.jpg", "width": "537", "height": "900", "filesize": "191538", "filename": "1916.313.f_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313.f/1916.313.f_print.jpg", "width": "2027", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2985912", "filename": "1916.313.f_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.313.f/1916.313.f_full.tif", "width": "2923", "height": "4902", "filesize": "43009084", "filename": "1916.313.f_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 380478, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1916.313", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:41.365000"}, {"id": 96718, "accession_number": "1916.439", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Inkstand, 1800s. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Jaipur. Gold, silver, and enamel; overall: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.439", "current_location": null, "title": "Inkstand", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Jaipur"], "technique": "Gold, silver, and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 8.3 cm (3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.083, "length": 0.105}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The silver core of this inkwell has been covered in gold leaf.", "description": "This enamel inkstand takes the fanciful form of a pleasure boat, linking the composing of poetry and the writing of calligraphy to the amusement of the senses. The luxurious materials and elegant form also indicate that scribal activities require a certain level of refinement. Cleverly, the enamelist placed a lotus design on the bottom of the vessel; as a flower that floats on water, the bloom represents both the water imaginatively splashing against the underside of the boat and the actual ink swishing inside the bilge.
This inkstand was purchased by Cleveland Museum of Art founder Jeptha Homer Wade II (1857\u20131926) and his wife Ellen Garretson Wade (1857\u20131917) as they made a tour of India on their own pleasure boat, the Wadena.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79480227"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.439-inkstand"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.439", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.439/1916.439_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "705", "filesize": "179689", "filename": "1916.439_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.439/1916.439_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2663", "filesize": "1450976", "filename": "1916.439_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.439/1916.439_full.tif", "width": "5065", "height": "3967", "filesize": "60303608", "filename": "1916.439_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-11-11T18:49:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "744", "filesize": "209258"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2809", "filesize": "1898875"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4851", "height": "4008", "filesize": "58353996"}}, {"date_created": "2020-11-11T19:56:14", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "713", "filesize": "188471"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2694", "filesize": "1610357"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5065", "height": "4013", "filesize": "61002688"}}, {"date_created": "2020-11-11T20:03:02", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "634", "filesize": "197038"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2394", "filesize": "1718391"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1916.439/1916.439_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5001", "height": "3521", "filesize": "52850908"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96718, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:41.983000"}, {"id": 103999, "accession_number": "1922.175", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Court Ladies Making Dolls, 1790s. Attributed to Kubo Shunman (Japanese, 1757\u20131820). Color woodblock print. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Myrta Leonora Jones, 1922.175", "current_location": null, "title": "Court Ladies Making Dolls", "creation_date": "1790s", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357023, "title": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "Japanese Prints from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 5-October 28, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-09-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Myrta Leonora Jones [1860\u20131954], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131922", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Myrta Leonora Jones, the donor of this work, was a women\u2019s rights activist in Cleveland in the early 20th century.", "description": "Since ancient times dolls were used in Japan for religious purposes, especially for the healing of impurities or illness. Mothers often presented dolls to shrines to secure the protection of kami (spirits) for their children. Each year there is a doll festival (Hina Matsuri) or Girl's Festival on March 3rd at which families display heirloom sets of dolls dressed in costumes of the ancient imperial court. This is a section of a surimono (a print in which an image is combined with poetry to celebrate a special event) or an album page.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79510119"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1922.175-court-ladies-making"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1922.175", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.175/1922.175_web.jpg", "width": "812", "height": "900", "filesize": "254031", "filename": "1922.175_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.175/1922.175_print.jpg", "width": "3068", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3464745", "filename": "1922.175_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.175/1922.175_full.tif", "width": "5713", "height": "6332", "filesize": "108554688", "filename": "1922.175_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-07-05T18:09:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1922.175/1922.175_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "806", "height": "893", "filesize": "585078"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1922.175/1922.175_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3070", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6735898"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1922.175/1922.175_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3660", "height": "4054", "filesize": "44536260"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Myrta Leonora Jones", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 103999, "creators": [{"id": 65597, "description": "Kubo Shunman (Japanese, 1757\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u7aaa \u4fca\u6e80", "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1922-08-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1790s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:54.017000"}, {"id": 118823, "accession_number": "1940.1022", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seven Wise Women of the Pleasure Quarters (\u9752\u697c\u5fd7\u77e5\u8ce2\u5973), c. mid 1780s. Katsukawa Shunsh\u014d (Japanese, 1726\u20131792). Color woodblock print; sheet: 24.8 x 36.6 cm (9 3/4 x 14 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of James Parmelee, 1940.1022", "current_location": null, "title": "Seven Wise Women of the Pleasure Quarters", "title_in_original_language": "\u9752\u697c\u5fd7\u77e5\u8ce2\u5973", "creation_date": "c. mid 1780s", "creation_date_earliest": 1783, "creation_date_latest": 1787, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 24.8 x 36.6 cm (9 3/4 x 14 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.248, "width": 0.366}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Shunsho ga\r\nArtist Seal: kakihan", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Later Japanese Rotation (Gallery 113); March 18 - July 13, 2004.", "opening_date": "2004-03-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This print is a play on the Chinese theme of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove.", "description": "The courtesan standing at the center of this print holds a writing brush. She is identified by the fan in her left hand, which has a poem signed Hana\u014dgi, or Flower-Fan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80013838"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1022-seven-wise-women-of"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1022", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1022/1940.1022_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "900", "filesize": "273285", "filename": "1940.1022_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1022/1940.1022_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2993908", "filename": "1940.1022_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1022/1940.1022_full.tif", "width": "4955", "height": "7154", "filesize": "106376096", "filename": "1940.1022_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of James Parmelee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 118823, "creators": [{"id": 32843, "description": "Katsukawa Shunsh\u014d (Japanese, 1726\u20131792)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u52dd\u5ddd \u6625\u7ae0", "birth_year": "1726", "death_year": "1792", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-10-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1783, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. mid 1780s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:20.086000"}, {"id": 124171, "accession_number": "1945.172", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kammavacha: Buddhist Ordination Text, 1800s. Myanmar (Burma). Cover: lacquer, gilding, and glass appliqu\u00e9 on wood; leaves: lacquer and gilding on cloth; text stack: 13 x 57.2 x 4.8 cm (5 1/8 x 22 1/2 x 1 7/8 in.); cover: 13 x 57.2 x 0.9 cm (5 1/8 x 22 1/2 x 3/8 in.); each leaf: 12.8 x 56.1 cm (5 1/16 x 22 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1945.172", "current_location": null, "title": "Kammavacha: Buddhist Ordination Text", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Myanmar (Burma)"], "technique": "Cover: lacquer, gilding, and glass appliqu\u00e9 on wood; leaves: lacquer and gilding on cloth", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Burmese Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Text stack: 13 x 57.2 x 4.8 cm (5 1/8 x 22 1/2 x 1 7/8 in.); Cover: 13 x 57.2 x 0.9 cm (5 1/8 x 22 1/2 x 3/8 in.); Each leaf: 12.8 x 56.1 cm (5 1/16 x 22 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"cover": {"height": 0.13, "width": 0.572, "depth": 0.009}, "text stack": {"height": 0.13, "width": 0.572, "depth": 0.048}, "each leaf": {"height": 0.128, "width": 0.561}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.128, "width": 0.128, "depth": 0.026}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 449919, "title": "Text and Image in Southern Asia", "description": "Text and Image in Southern Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26, 2022-March 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Grace M. Beaven [1889\u20131982], Cleveland Heights, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131945", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Pali text of this manuscript is written in Burmese square script, which is also known as \"tamarind seed script.\"", "description": "In premodern Burma, lay people commissioned lavishly ornamented manuscripts for ceremonial occasions, when officiants would read aloud from the text. Written in black lacquer, the text is in the language of Pali written in a Burmese script. It contains ordination rites and procedures for monastic ceremonies.
The second to last page is covered with intricately drawn, winged celestial beings (nats) in gestures of praise. They fly amid intertwining vegetation\u2014denoting bounty\u2014that grows from serpentine forms that refer to rain clouds. Lionlike forms inhabit the space with them. 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Brown, 1955.376", "current_location": null, "title": "Trompe l'Oeil Still Life", "creation_date": "c. 1754", "creation_date_earliest": 1749, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "pen and ink, point of brush and black ink wash, watercolor and gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "three sheets (joined) of cream(2) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Dutch", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.3 x 27.4 cm (14 11/16 x 10 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.373, "width": 0.274}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in gray watercolor: Jacobus Cornelis Meyer / van Spanbrock", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. 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Brown", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132938, "creators": [{"id": 13230, "description": "Jacobus Cornelis Meyer (Dutch, active 1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-07-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1749, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1754", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:12.124000"}, {"id": 134848, "accession_number": "1957.403", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Powder Box (Poudrier), 1779\u201380. Jean-Joseph Barri\u00e8re (French). Enamel on gold; diameter: 1.8 x 5.5 cm (11/16 x 2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Edward B. Greene, 1957.403", "current_location": null, "title": "Powder Box (Poudrier)", "creation_date": "1779\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1779, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "enamel on gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Diameter: 1.8 x 5.5 cm (11/16 x 2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.018, "width": 0.055}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker's mark of Jean-Joseph Barri\u00e8re, master goldsmith in 1763, bottom; exterior wall; inside cover]: \"JJB\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1779-1780, exterior wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Henry Clavel I, Paris, 1780-1782, exterior wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Counter-mark of Henry Clavel I and Jean-Francois Kalendrin, Paris,1782-1789, exterior wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Restricted warranty mark for gold, Paris, exterior wall]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Gold works made before 1838 were submitted to control when they were put on sale", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Three illegible marks, bottom]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Three illegible marks, cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (07/16/2016-11/06/2016); Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings.", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Edward B. Greene, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Joseph Barri\u00e8re received his designation of master goldsmith in 1763, a coveted title that required candidates to complete a lengthy apprenticeship followed by a test of skill.", "description": "In the 1700s ornately enameled boxes became a popular accessory in the French court. These boxes often held powdered tobacco, called snuff. However, this box, which is unhinged, likely held powder, rouge, or face cream. Pageantry and performance were important aspects of social interaction during this period. 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Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134848, "creators": [{"id": 12158, "description": "Jean-Joseph Barri\u00e8re (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "goldsmith", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1779, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1779\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:00.043000"}, {"id": 135784, "accession_number": "1959.311.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Marriage \u00e0 la Mode: The Marriage Settlement, Plate 1, 1745. G\u00e9rard Jean-Baptiste Scotin II (French, 1698\u20131760), after William Hogarth (British, 1697\u20131764). Etching and engraving; image: 35 x 44.5 cm (13 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.); plate: 38.2 x 46.8 cm (15 1/16 x 18 7/16 in.); sheet: 46.4 x 57.5 cm (18 1/4 x 22 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Curtiss Rose, 1959.311.1", "current_location": null, "title": "The Marriage Settlement, Plate 1", "series": "Marriage \u00e0 la Mode", "creation_date": "1745", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "Etching and engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Engraving", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 35 x 44.5 cm (13 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.); Plate: 38.2 x 46.8 cm (15 1/16 x 18 7/16 in.); Sheet: 46.4 x 57.5 cm (18 1/4 x 22 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.445}, "plate": {"height": 0.382, "width": 0.468}, "sheet": {"height": 0.464, "width": 0.575}}, "state_of_the_work": "V/VII (Paulson)", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Milton Rose, New York, NY, given to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 19, 1959\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1959.311"], "did_you_know": "Objects and paintings in the background of William Hogarth\u2019s compositions often echo or comment on the central narrative being depicted.", "description": "William Hogarth bitingly satirized the follies of Enlightenment high society in Marriage \u00e0 la Mode, a print series whose title roughly translates as \u201cmarriage in the current fashion.\u201d The series follows the story of an incompatible marriage arranged for financial and social gain. Here, the impoverished Earl of Squander gestures to his exalted family tree as he haggles over the marriage contract between his son and a wealthy alderman\u2019s daughter. Uninvolved in the negotiations, the young couple sit side by side completely uninterested in each other. While Viscount Squanderfield gazes at his reflection, his bride-to-be listens to the flirtatious lawyer, Silvertongue, with whom she will later conduct an affair.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80029337"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.311.1-marriage-a-la-mode-t", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.311.1-the-marriage-settlem"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Burke and Caldwell 193; Paulson 228", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.311.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.311.1/1959.311.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "757", "filesize": "316740", "filename": "1959.311.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.311.1/1959.311.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2858", "filesize": "4651968", "filename": "1959.311.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.311.1/1959.311.1_full.tif", "width": "5428", "height": "4563", "filesize": "74338024", "filename": "1959.311.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Milton Curtiss Rose", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135784, "creators": [{"id": 672747, "description": "G\u00e9rard Jean-Baptiste Scotin II (French, 1698\u20131760)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French engraver, born 1698, died after 1755, active in England", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1698", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 23776, "description": "William Hogarth (British, 1697\u20131764)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1697", "death_year": "1764", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1745", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1959.311", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:58.870000"}, {"id": 138468, "accession_number": "1962.374", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Flower Pots (Pots de fleurs), c. 1775. Bourg-la-Reine Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 11.8 x 16.5 cm (4 5/8 x 6 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1962.374", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Flower Pots (Pots de fleurs)", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Bourg-la-Reine, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 11.8 x 16.5 cm (4 5/8 x 6 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.118, "width": 0.165}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised on both, on bottom]: \"BR\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These objects would have acted as cachepots, ornamental containers in which a flower pot is placed to hide it from view.", "description": "The mark on this piece indicates that it was made after the Mennecy factory was moved to Bourg-la- Reine in 1773. The tradition of Mennecy's decoration on soft-paste porcelain can be recognized in the piece, but its style has been modified in response to the emerging neo-classic taste. The flowers are now organized into formal garland's and motifs of classical origin, such as the lion's heads, are introduced.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034326"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.374-pair-of-flower-pots"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.374", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.374/1962.374_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "634", "filesize": "103327", "filename": "1962.374_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.374/1962.374_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2394", "filesize": "1008430", "filename": "1962.374_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.374/1962.374_full.tif", "width": "12782", "height": "9000", "filesize": "345141116", "filename": "1962.374_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138468, "creators": [{"id": 12563, "description": "Bourg-la-Reine Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "continuation of the Mennecy Factory; in 1773 the Mennecy Factory was moved to Bourg-la-Reine.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:35.310000"}, {"id": 141291, "accession_number": "1964.515.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate (Assiette), c. 1775. Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; diameter: 24.2 cm (9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.515.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Plate (Assiette)", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.2 cm (9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.242}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhib.: CMA 1965: \"Year in Review 1965.\" Bull., LII (Nov. 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This plate is painted en cama\u00efeu, a technique popular in 18th-century porcelain in which several tints of a single color are used to create a monochromatic image.", "description": "In an effort to remain competitive in the porcelain market, European porcelain factories borrowed motifs, designs, and techniques from one another. Though this plate was produced at the Sceaux porcelain factory, its painting of two putti lounging on a bank of clouds likely took inspiration from the work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, who worked at the Vincennes-S\u00e8vres factory in the mid-1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040796"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.515.1-plate-assiette"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.515.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.515.1/1964.515.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "872", "filesize": "130112", "filename": "1964.515.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.515.1/1964.515.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3295", "filesize": "1330591", "filename": "1964.515.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.515.1/1964.515.1_full.tif", "width": "6498", "height": "6298", "filesize": "122803208", "filename": "1964.515.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-01-23T11:17:51", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.515.1/1964.515.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "886", "filesize": "98527"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.515.1/1964.515.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3348", "filesize": "1061657"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1964.515.1/1964.515.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6474", "height": "6375", "filesize": "123844084"}}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141291, "creators": [{"id": 12213, "description": "Sceaux Factory (French, active 1748\u201366)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "established 1747", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1964.515", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:04.785000"}, {"id": 141293, "accession_number": "1964.517", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Covered Jars (Pots de tabac), c. 1779\u20131789. Faubourg Saint-Denis (French). Hard-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; metal mount; diameter: 9.6 cm (3 3/4 in.); overall: 14 cm (5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.517", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Covered Jars (Pots de tabac)", "creation_date": "c. 1779\u20131789", "creation_date_earliest": 1779, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Hard-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; metal mount", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 9.6 cm (3 3/4 in.); Overall: 14 cm (5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.096}, "overall": {"height": 0.14}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "Year in Review: 1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Processes outlined in Simon Barbe\u2019s 1693 Le Parfumeur Fran\u00e7ais (The French Perfumer) describe various ways to prepare snuff including the addition of scents, coloration of the powder, and several different grinding methods.", "description": "Due to the discovery of the ingredient kaolin in Saint-Yrieix, France in 1768-69, European porcelain factories were able to replicate the prized hard-paste porcelain of China and Japan. In the years following, many porcelain factories opened in the area, including Faubourg Saint-Denis in 1772. These jars, sold alone or in sets, would have stored snuff, powdered tobacco meant to be inhaled, or loose tobacco for smoking.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040800"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.517-pair-of-covered-jars"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.517", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.517/1964.517_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "732", "filesize": "179450", "filename": "1964.517_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.517/1964.517_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2764", "filesize": "1043355", "filename": "1964.517_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.517/1964.517_full.tif", "width": "10011", "height": "8137", "filesize": "244406168", "filename": "1964.517_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141293, "creators": [{"id": 19434, "description": "Faubourg Saint-Denis (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": "founded by P.-A. Hannong in 1771, under the protection of the Comte-d'Artois from 1779, and surviving until 1828.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1779, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1779\u20131789", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:26.773000"}, {"id": 144632, "accession_number": "1969.266", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Drum with Jaws of Defeated Enemies, 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante goldsmith. Brass; overall: 3.6 x 5.3 cm (1 7/16 x 2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Alvin N. Haas, 1969.266", "current_location": null, "title": "Gold Weight (abrammuo): Drum with Jaws of Defeated Enemies", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante goldsmith"], "technique": "Brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Implements", "measurements": "Overall: 3.6 x 5.3 cm (1 7/16 x 2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.036, "width": 0.053}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Alvin N. Haas, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Representations of human jawbones surround the edge of this gold weight.", "description": "The wealth and power of the Asante kingdom was derived primarily from its massive gold resources. Since at least 1600, small weights in brass and bronze were used to weight gold dust and nuggets. The royal court had the most elaborate store of weights, while commoners often had about a dozen. Their imagery falls into two broad cateogries: geometric and representational. The latter often refers to proverbs, which used judiciously, marked a wise person.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922070"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.266-gold-weight-abrammuo"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.266", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.266/1969.266_web.jpg", "width": "1198", "height": "893", "filesize": "592721", "filename": "1969.266_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.266/1969.266_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2535", "filesize": "1101482", "filename": "1969.266_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.266/1969.266_full.tif", "width": "4812", "height": "3588", "filesize": "51829680", "filename": "1969.266_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2009-11-05T16:13:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.266/1969.266_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "423", "filesize": "157491"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.266/1969.266_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1599", "filesize": "717440"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.266/1969.266_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5884", "height": "2768", "filesize": "48892888"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Alvin N. Haas", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144632, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Weight for Measuring Gold (mmramoo): Drum with Jaws of Defeated Enemies"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:15.855000"}, {"id": 144636, "accession_number": "1969.27", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cruet Stand (Huilier), 1766. Robert Joseph Auguste (French, 1723\u2013after 1795). Silver and glass; overall: 20.8 x 14.6 cm (8 3/16 x 5 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.27", "current_location": null, "title": "Cruet Stand (Huilier)", "creation_date": "1766", "creation_date_earliest": 1766, "creation_date_latest": 1766, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "silver and glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 20.8 x 14.6 cm (8 3/16 x 5 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.208, "width": 0.146, "length": 0.324}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "Year in Review: 1969. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1778, Robert-Joseph Auguste received the title orf\u00e8vre ordinaire du roi, becoming the principal goldsmith for the royal court of King Louis XVI.", "description": "These bottles would have held oil and vinegar. Their silver stoppers, decorated with grapes and the leaves of vines, hint at their function. Master goldsmith Robert-Joseph Auguste was known for his silverwork in the neoclassical style. This style is present on the supports for these bottles whose stylized columns and scrollwork pull inspiration from the art of classical antiquity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922081"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.27-cruet-stand-huilier"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.27", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.27/1969.27_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "722", "filesize": "182823", "filename": "1969.27_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.27/1969.27_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2727", "filesize": "1165856", "filename": "1969.27_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.27/1969.27_full.tif", "width": "11228", "height": "9007", "filesize": "303416712", "filename": "1969.27_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-02-25T17:37:31", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.27/1969.27_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "770", "filesize": "149213"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.27/1969.27_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2908", "filesize": "1873275"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.27/1969.27_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4324", "height": "3698", "filesize": "47995176"}}, {"date_created": "2015-02-25T17:36:53", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.27/1969.27_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "701", "filesize": "145441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.27/1969.27_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2649", "filesize": "1301044"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1969.27/1969.27_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4494", "height": "3501", "filesize": "47224548"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144636, "creators": [{"id": 12914, "description": "Robert Joseph Auguste (French, 1723\u2013after 1795)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1723", "death_year": "1795", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1766, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1766", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:01.154000"}, {"id": 145241, "accession_number": "1970.510", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Friends of Krishna, folio 163 from a Bhakti Ratnavali of Vishnu Puri, 1725\u201350. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 26.5 x 42.2 cm (10 7/16 x 16 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Louise G. Schroeder, 1970.510", "current_location": null, "title": "Friends of Krishna, folio 163 from a Bhakti Ratnavali of Vishnu Puri", "creation_date": "1725\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 26.5 x 42.2 cm (10 7/16 x 16 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.265, "width": 0.422}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 370719, "title": "Krishna and the Path of Grace \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Krishna and the Path of Grace \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. 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The scene in the upper right corner accords with the end of the verse at the top of the page, which reads, \u201cThe one who speaks about him to his wife and son at home will never be abandoned by him.\u201d The text is drawn from a compendium of devotional verses excerpted from the extensive Bhagavata Purana by the medieval commentator Vishnu Puri.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470897"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.510-friends-of-krishna-f"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.510", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.510/1970.510_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "571", "filesize": "202467", "filename": "1970.510_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.510/1970.510_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2157", "filesize": "2050396", "filename": "1970.510_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.510/1970.510_full.tif", "width": "7404", "height": "4698", "filesize": "104384776", "filename": "1970.510_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Louise G. Schroeder", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145241, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1725\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scenes from the Lives of the Saints"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:38.154000"}, {"id": 146205, "accession_number": "1971.95", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Princely ascetic in the forest visited by ladies, c. 1760. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 32.7 x 26.5 cm (12 7/8 x 10 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1971.95", "current_location": null, "title": "Princely ascetic in the forest visited by ladies", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": [], "technique": "Gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 32.7 x 26.5 cm (12 7/8 x 10 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.196, "width": 0.138}, "overall": {"height": 0.327, "width": 0.265}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "Art and Stories from Mughal India. 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A sumptuous carpet, bottles of alcohol, fruit, a hookah, breath-freshening paan, and a woman playing a vina have been set up in the forest as if in the palace.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471999"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.95-princely-ascetic-in"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.95", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.95/1971.95_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "225032", "filename": "1971.95_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.95/1971.95_print.jpg", "width": "2753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2583963", "filename": "1971.95_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.95/1971.95_full.tif", "width": "4170", "height": "5149", "filesize": "64451828", "filename": "1971.95_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2015-11-10T15:36:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.95/1971.95_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "900", "filesize": "291356"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.95/1971.95_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2380", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2993938"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.95/1971.95_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4965", "height": "7092", "filesize": "105668340"}}, {"date_created": "2015-11-10T15:24:26", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.95/1971.95_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "679", "height": "900", "filesize": "290795"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.95/1971.95_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2566", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3376203"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1971.95/1971.95_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5265", "height": "6977", "filesize": "110234604"}}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146205, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Princely Ascetic in the Forest Visited by Ladies"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:45.256000"}, {"id": 146740, "accession_number": "1972.180", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Glass Cooler (Seau \u00e0 verre ordinaire), 1759\u201360. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration; overall: 11.8 cm (4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Everett R. Castle, 1972.180", "current_location": null, "title": "Glass Cooler (Seau \u00e0 verre ordinaire)", "creation_date": "1759\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1759, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel and gilt decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 11.8 cm (4 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.118}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Painter's mark, possibly for Claude-Joseph Cardin]: \"g\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Incised]: \"LP\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Incised] \"2\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "Year in Review: 1972. 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Shifts in the strict dining protocol of 18th-century France under Louis XV meant that bottle coolers would have been placed within reach of the diners, rather than their traditional placement on the side board.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925243"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.180-glass-cooler-seau-a"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.180", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.180/1972.180_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "834", "filesize": "114620", "filename": "1972.180_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.180/1972.180_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3151", "filesize": "1299391", "filename": "1972.180_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.180/1972.180_full.tif", "width": "10800", "height": "10010", "filesize": "324351396", "filename": "1972.180_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2019-03-07T15:07:05", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.180/1972.180_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "844", "filesize": "112725"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.180/1972.180_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3190", "filesize": "1293861"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.180/1972.180_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11162", "height": "10474", "filesize": "350759564"}}, {"date_created": "2019-03-07T15:32:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.180/1972.180_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "837", "filesize": "99478"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.180/1972.180_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3162", "filesize": "1028988"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1972.180/1972.180_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10858", "height": "10099", "filesize": "328991836"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Everett R. Castle", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146740, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1759, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1759\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:00.180000"}, {"id": 155591, "accession_number": "1990.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Patamanjari Ragini of Bhairava, from a Ragamala, c. 1740\u201350. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; overall: 18.9 x 11.4 cm (7 7/16 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John D. Proctor, 1990.39", "current_location": null, "title": "Patamanjari Ragini of Bhairava, from a Ragamala", "creation_date": "c. 1740\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 18.9 x 11.4 cm (7 7/16 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.189, "width": 0.114}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "r\u0101ga\u1e47\u012b pa\u1e6dama\u1e43jar\u012b", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "In Takri, in white ink in top margin", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music. 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The heroine sits in front of a bolster on a green floral carpet that the artist has tilted up so as not to obscure its pattern. The spotted gray cat appears shy, and the heroine is trying to entice it with a morsel, while she gestures for it to come.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476492"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.39-ragini-patamanjari"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.39/1990.39_web.jpg", "width": "571", "height": "900", "filesize": "276016", "filename": "1990.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.39/1990.39_print.jpg", "width": "2156", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3753127", "filename": "1990.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.39/1990.39_full.tif", "width": "7413", "height": "11692", "filesize": "260048726", "filename": "1990.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2012-11-19T18:12:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.39/1990.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "893", "filesize": "112716"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.39/1990.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2167", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1566281"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.39/1990.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3889", "height": "6099", "filesize": "71179088"}}, {"date_created": "2025-01-06T12:31:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.39/1990.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "561", "height": "900", "filesize": "226518"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.39/1990.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2121", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3686899"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.39/1990.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7292", "height": "11691", "filesize": "255780434"}}], "creditline": "Gift of John D. Proctor", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155591, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ragini Patamanjari", "Patamanjari Ragini of Shri, from a Ragamala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-31 15:02:36.622000"}, {"id": 155623, "accession_number": "1990.67", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hoopoe on a Citrus Tree Branch, c. 1800. India, Company school, Calcutta, early 19th Century. Color on paper; overall: 42.5 x 27.8 cm (16 3/4 x 10 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1990.67", "current_location": null, "title": "Hoopoe on a Citrus Tree Branch", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Company school, Calcutta, early 19th Century"], "technique": "color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 42.5 x 27.8 cm (16 3/4 x 10 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.425, "width": 0.278}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 299790, "title": "Indian Gallery 242b Rotation \u2013 November 2017-April 2018", "description": "Indian Gallery 242b Rotation \u2013 November 2017-April 2018. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 10, 2017-April 16, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-11-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Howard Hodgkin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard Hodgkin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This small crested bird is named after the sound of its call, \u201choopoe,\u201d an onomatopoeia.", "description": "Indian artists of the late 1700s and early 1800s painted images of native birds, plants, and animals for British collectors who mainly lived in the fortified enclave of Calcutta (now Kolkata), which then functioned as the center of British power in India. During this period, known as the Age of Enlightenment, natural history subjects were a fashion in art throughout the colonial British world, in response to the pervasive interest in scientific discovery.
This small crested bird is named after the sound of its call, \u201choopoe,\u201d an onomatopoeia. The dense, regular, and controlled brushwork that lends realistic texture to the plumage and claws reveals the artist\u2019s training in Indian court traditions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476521"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.67-hoopoe-on-a-citrus-t"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.67", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.67/1990.67_web.jpg", "width": "592", "height": "900", "filesize": "184959", "filename": "1990.67_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.67/1990.67_print.jpg", "width": "2237", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2002580", "filename": "1990.67_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.67/1990.67_full.tif", "width": "4712", "height": "7161", "filesize": "101260604", "filename": "1990.67_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-24T14:07:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.67/1990.67_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "587", "height": "900", "filesize": "166949"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.67/1990.67_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2217", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1851702"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1990.67/1990.67_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4665", "height": "7153", "filesize": "100139404"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155623, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:37.406000"}, {"id": 159386, "accession_number": "1996.210", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Studies of a Costume, Sleeve, and Hand, c. 1747. Pietro Longhi (Italian, 1702\u20131785). Black chalk (costume) and red chalk (sleeve and hand); sheet: 24.7 x 18.4 cm (9 3/4 x 7 1/4 in.); secondary support: 35 x 27.4 cm (13 3/4 x 10 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Artemis Group/David Carritt, Ltd., 1996.210", "current_location": null, "title": "Studies of a Costume, Sleeve, and Hand", "creation_date": "c. 1747", "creation_date_earliest": 1742, "creation_date_latest": 1748, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "black chalk (costume) and red chalk (sleeve and hand)", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper, laid down on cream(2) board", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 24.7 x 18.4 cm (9 3/4 x 7 1/4 in.); Secondary Support: 35 x 27.4 cm (13 3/4 x 10 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.247, "width": 0.184}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.35, "width": 0.274}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Three-piece suits such as the one depicted here were worn all over Europe in the 1700s, with the most expensive made from silk or velvet.", "description": "The drawings of the prolific draftsman Pietro Longhi concentrate on the details of costume and gesture to convey the character and social class of his subjects. Here, the artist skillfully exploits black chalk to render the cut of a man\u2019s frock coat and red chalk to simulate the flesh tones of his hand gripping a walking stick.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79978879"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.210-studies-of-a-costume"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.210", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.210/1996.210_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "495985", "filename": "1996.210_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.210/1996.210_print.jpg", "width": "2547", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8310127", "filename": "1996.210_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.210/1996.210_full.tif", "width": "3273", "height": "4368", "filesize": "42916804", "filename": "1996.210_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.210/1996.210_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "546669"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.210/1996.210_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1529", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2905262"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1996.210/1996.210_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1529", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9397636"}}], "creditline": "Gift of the Artemis Group/David Carritt, Ltd.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159386, "creators": [{"id": 1163, "description": "Pietro Longhi (Italian, 1702\u20131785)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1702", "death_year": "1785", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1742, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1747", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:57.928000"}, {"id": 159429, "accession_number": "1996.229.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Suite of Vases: Plate 22, 1746. Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Saly (French, 1717\u20131776). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1996.229.23", "current_location": null, "title": "Suite of Vases: Plate 22", "creation_date": "1746", "creation_date_earliest": 1746, "creation_date_latest": 1746, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "etching", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 683420, "title": "In Vino Veritas (In Wine, Truth)", "description": "In Vino Veritas (In Wine, Truth). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2025-January 11, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-09-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Paul McCarron & Susan Schulman, New York, NY, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 3, 1996\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shape of this vase mimics the ancient Greek krater, a vessel that was used for mixing wine with water.", "description": "Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Joseph Saly created an etched suite of 30 imaginary vase designs while studying in Rome. Throughout the series, he let his skill and imagination run wild on the theme of bacchants by inventively incorporating animals, satyrs, and maenads\u2014as well as faces and grotesques (fantastic figures and beasts)\u2014into various designs. Published in Paris, the series nourished an appetite for the revival of mythological and classical elements in decorative arts, and may have also inspired Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard\u2019s suite of bacchanalia images.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79978991"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.229.23-suite-of-vases-plate"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Guilmard 8", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.229.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.229.23/1996.229.23_web.jpg", "width": "607", "height": "893", "filesize": "463003", "filename": "1996.229.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.229.23/1996.229.23_print.jpg", "width": "2232", "height": "3282", "filesize": "5503342", "filename": "1996.229.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.229.23/1996.229.23_full.tif", "width": "2232", "height": "3282", "filesize": "22007904", "filename": "1996.229.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159429, "creators": [{"id": 8718, "description": "Jacques Fran\u00e7ois Saly (French, 1717\u20131776)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1717", "death_year": "1776", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1746, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1746", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1996.229", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:41.698000"}, {"id": 161917, "accession_number": "2001.179", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Set of Headdress Ornaments, 1700s or 1800s. China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Copper-silver alloy, gilding, kingfisher feathers, glass beads; overall: 8.1 x 5.1 cm (3 3/16 x 2 in.); average: 10.3 x 5.4 cm (4 1/16 x 2 1/8 in.); irregular: 7.2 x 5.1 cm (2 13/16 x 2 in.); part 1: 21.3 x 29.5 cm (8 3/8 x 11 5/8 in.); part 2: 10.7 x 12.4 cm (4 3/16 x 4 7/8 in.); part 3: 7.5 x 3.9 cm (2 15/16 x 1 9/16 in.); part 4: 8.9 x 8.6 cm (3 1/2 x 3 3/8 in.); part 5: 8.1 x 8.5 cm (3 3/16 x 3 3/8 in.); third section: 11.5 x 2.1 cm (4 1/2 x 13/16 in.); second section: 16 x 7.3 cm (6 5/16 x 2 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Howard L. Ginaven, 2001.179", "current_location": null, "title": "Set of Headdress Ornaments", "creation_date": "1700s or 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Copper-silver alloy, gilding, kingfisher feathers, glass beads", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 8.1 x 5.1 cm (3 3/16 x 2 in.); Average: 10.3 x 5.4 cm (4 1/16 x 2 1/8 in.); Irregular: 7.2 x 5.1 cm (2 13/16 x 2 in.); Part 1: 21.3 x 29.5 cm (8 3/8 x 11 5/8 in.); Part 2: 10.7 x 12.4 cm (4 3/16 x 4 7/8 in.); Part 3: 7.5 x 3.9 cm (2 15/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Part 4: 8.9 x 8.6 cm (3 1/2 x 3 3/8 in.); Part 5: 8.1 x 8.5 cm (3 3/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Third Section: 11.5 x 2.1 cm (4 1/2 x 13/16 in.); Second Section: 16 x 7.3 cm (6 5/16 x 2 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.081, "depth": 0.051, "length": 0.027}, "average": {"width": 0.103, "depth": 0.054, "length": 0.018}, "irregular": {"width": 0.072, "depth": 0.051, "length": 0.014}, "part 1": {"width": 0.213, "depth": 0.295, "length": 0.025}, "part 2": {"width": 0.107, "depth": 0.124, "length": 0.026}, "part 3": {"width": 0.075, "depth": 0.039, "length": 0.023}, "part 4": {"width": 0.089, "depth": 0.086, "length": 0.036}, "part 5": {"width": 0.081, "depth": 0.085, "length": 0.016}, "third section": {"width": 0.115, "depth": 0.021, "length": 0.006}, "second section": {"width": 0.16, "depth": 0.073, "length": 0.01}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 12, 2019-February 2, 2020). Only 2001.179.1, 2001.179.2, 2001.179.7, and 2001.179.10", "opening_date": "2019-08-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Howard L. 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Ginaven, 2001.179.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Headdress Ornament", "creation_date": "1700s or 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Copper-silver alloy, gilding, kingfisher feathers, glass beads", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 22 x 28.5 cm (8 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.22, "depth": 0.285, "length": 0.025}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 336424, "title": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. 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China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and reign (1723-35). Enameled porcelain; diameter: 7.7 cm (3 1/16 in.); overall: 1.8 cm (11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Nicholas J. Velloney, 2003.260", "current_location": null, "title": "Small Dish with Yellow Monochrome Glaze", "creation_date": "1723\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Yongzheng mark and reign (1723-35)"], "technique": "enameled porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 7.7 cm (3 1/16 in.); Overall: 1.8 cm (11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.077}, "overall": {"height": 0.018}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5927\u6e05\u96cd\u6b63\u5e74\u5236", "inscription_translation": "Da Qing Yongzheng nian zhi (Made in the Qing dynasty, Yongzheng reign)", "inscription_remark": "6-character inscription on the base is enclosed by double ring.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nicholas J. Velloney [1941\u20132003], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132003", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2003\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This monochromatic yellow dish was made for the imperial household.", "description": "In the Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), luxury items became more affordable to larger parts of the society, including women, merchants, and literati in non-official positions. Imperial patronage and a growing urban population encouraged consumption of luxury goods and local craftmanship. This enameled porcelain illustrates the the Qing dynasty accomplishments in porcelain techniques and the creative mind of the talented artisans who sought clients on a competitive market.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79987660"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.260-small-dish-with-yell"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.260", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.260/2003.260_web.jpg", "width": "1020", "height": "893", "filesize": "435012", "filename": "2003.260_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.260/2003.260_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2977", "filesize": "4171336", "filename": "2003.260_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.260/2003.260_full.tif", "width": "4472", "height": "3916", "filesize": "52549224", "filename": "2003.260_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "940", "height": "893", "filesize": "395992"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3230", "filesize": "4394333"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "3811", "filesize": "45892132"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "417440"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "2589741"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50008880"}}, {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "436145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "2676158"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.260/2003.260_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50019068"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Nicholas J. Velloney", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162716, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Small Dish with Yellow Enamel"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:59.472000"}, {"id": 162721, "accession_number": "2003.265", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sheet of Studies: Seated Man, Head of a Dog, Seated Woman, 1700s. Claude-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714\u20131789). Red chalk (seated man); black chalk (head of a dog); pen and brown ink over black chalk (seated woman); sheet: 12.4 x 12.7 cm (4 7/8 x 5 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Nicholas J. Velloney, 2003.265", "current_location": null, "title": "Sheet of Studies: Seated Man, Head of a Dog, Seated Woman", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1734, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "red chalk (seated man); black chalk (head of a dog); pen and brown ink over black chalk (seated woman)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 12.4 x 12.7 cm (4 7/8 x 5 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.124, "width": 0.127}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in graphite: 178 ; lower left, in graphite: 113", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nicholas J. Velloney [1941-2003], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2003", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2003-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Claude-Joseph Vernet was first trained as an artist by his father, who was an artisan specializing in carriage decorations.", "description": "At age 20, Claude-Joseph Vernet traveled to Italy, where he remained for two decades, painting landscape views of the Roman countryside and stormy, imaginary seascapes for Italian aristocrats and wealthy French and British tourists. Vernet populated his paintings with contemporary figures based on sketches from life, such as the three shown here. Drawn at different times in different media, together they form an amusing glimpse of Italian street life in the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79987674"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.265-sheet-of-studies-sea"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.265", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.265/2003.265_web.jpg", "width": "899", "height": "893", "filesize": "632986", "filename": "2003.265_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.265/2003.265_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3378", "filesize": "8460777", "filename": "2003.265_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.265/2003.265_full.tif", "width": "3864", "height": "3840", "filesize": "44543316", "filename": "2003.265_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.265/2003.265_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "924", "height": "893", "filesize": "713952"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.265/2003.265_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3287", "filesize": "8162921"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.265/2003.265_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4039", "height": "3905", "filesize": "47350860"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Nicholas J. Velloney", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162721, "creators": [{"id": 1986, "description": "Claude-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714\u20131789)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1714", "death_year": "1789", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1734, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:36.776000"}, {"id": 163075, "accession_number": "2003.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wall Hanging (msimsim), 1800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, T\u00e9touan, Moroccan weaver(s). Silk, dye; overall: 314.9 x 62.5 cm (124 x 24 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Textile Art Alliance, 2003.86", "current_location": null, "title": "Wall Hanging (msimsim)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, North Africa, Morocco, T\u00e9touan, Moroccan weaver(s)"], "technique": "Silk, dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 314.9 x 62.5 cm (124 x 24 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.149, "width": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "Stories from Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Ivo Grammet, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2003", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2003-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 111411, "description": "Wall Hanging (msimsim), 1600s\u20131800s. Africa, North Africa, Morocco, Moroccan weaver. Silk; average: 107.2 x 71.5 cm (42 3/16 x 28 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of H. A. Elsberg, 1929.908", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Some scholars believe these checkerboard fabrics were traded, and eventually influenced patterns in some West African strip woven textiles.", "description": "Msimsim wall hangings were one of three standard marriage gifts (\u1e63d\u0101q or mahr) from a groom to a bride in T\u00e9touan, Morocco, as recorded by marriage contracts from 1794 to 1894. These gifts indicated the financial commitment of marriage: divorce occurred if they weren\u2019t promptly received! This msimsim was made from silk harvested in T\u00e9touan, or from raw Asian silk imported via Marseille. Its traditional design is a double-sided gridded brocade (raised woven pattern), navy on one side, crimson on the other. When this was woven, at least 25 professional silk workshops flourished in T\u00e9touan, producing bridal gifts and other goods that outsold European imports.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79988531"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.86-wall-hanging-msimsim"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.86/2003.86_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "272", "filesize": "317218", "filename": "2003.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.86/2003.86_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "731", "filesize": "1950600", "filename": "2003.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.86/2003.86_full.tif", "width": "4037", "height": "868", "filesize": "10525544", "filename": "2003.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.86/2003.86_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1053", "height": "893", "filesize": "886708"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.86/2003.86_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2884", "filesize": "7068556"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.86/2003.86_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3987", "height": "3382", "filesize": "40481428"}}], "creditline": "Gift of The Textile Art Alliance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163075, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Silk Portiere"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:43.780000"}, {"id": 163797, "accession_number": "2005.202", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Royal Elephant Ramkali with a Mahout, c. 1761. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput kingdom of Mewar, Udaipur, Court of Ari Singh (reigned 1761-73). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; painting: 20.6 x 21.4 cm (8 1/8 x 8 7/16 in.); overall: 24.1 x 25 cm (9 1/2 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski, 2005.202", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal Elephant Ramkali with a Mahout", "creation_date": "c. 1761", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1761, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput kingdom of Mewar, Udaipur, Court of Ari Singh (reigned 1761-73)"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 20.6 x 21.4 cm (8 1/8 x 8 7/16 in.); Overall: 24.1 x 25 cm (9 1/2 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.206, "width": 0.214}, "overall": {"height": 0.241, "width": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "hatha\u1e47\u012b r\u0101mkal\u012b", "inscription_translation": "The female elephant Ramkali", "inscription_remark": "This inscription written in heavier black ink is contemporaneous with the painting.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "mah\u0101r\u0101\u1e47aji \u015br\u012b r\u0101j (?) singh ri bira\u1e47i", "inscription_translation": "The mount of Maharana Shri Raj (?) Singh", "inscription_remark": "This indistinct inscription appears to have been added later. Raj Singh reigned from 1754 to 1761 and was the immediate predecessor of the king who commissioned the portraits of elephants in the Udaipur royal stable.", "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "13/44", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "In the Udaipur \"jotd\u0101n\" (royal painting storeroom), inventory numbers were written in red by clerks on the versos of each painting in the collection. The upper number is the class number; the lower number its serial number. The number 13 was used to classify pictures of elephants. See Andrew Topsfield, \"Royal Paintings Inventory at Udaipur,\" in Indian Art & Connoisseurship, edited by John Guy, 1995, pp. 188 ff.", "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 536104, "title": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers", "description": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers. 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This painting belongs to a series depicting the elephants in the royal stables at Udaipur, each one named in the upper margin. Elephants have been a potent emblem for royalty in India for more than three thousand years.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480300"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.202-caparisoned-elephant", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.202-royal-elephant-ramka"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.202", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.202/2005.202_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "871", "filesize": "342612", "filename": "2005.202_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.202/2005.202_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3291", "filesize": "4323794", "filename": "2005.202_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.202/2005.202_full.tif", "width": "8921", "height": "8634", "filesize": "231103880", "filename": "2005.202_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2014-03-27T10:18:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "878", "filesize": "234594"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3316", "filesize": "2690889"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5643", "height": "5503", "filesize": "93193780"}}, {"date_created": "2005-11-16T15:31:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "359867"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4559369"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75528116"}}, {"date_created": "2023-02-16T12:37:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "871", "filesize": "336687"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3291", "filesize": "4437477"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2005.202/2005.202_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8921", "height": "8634", "filesize": "231100916"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. Norman Zaworski", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163797, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1761", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Caparisoned Elephant with a Mahout"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:24.510000"}, {"id": 164837, "accession_number": "2006.203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan, from a Persian translation of the Bhagavata Purana, c. 1625, 1700s. Southern India, Deccan. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; sheet: 32.3 x 24.1 cm (12 11/16 x 9 1/2 in.); image: 23.5 x 18 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Eugene and Joan Savitt in memory of Dr. and Mrs. E.K. Zaworski, her grandparents, 2006.203", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan, from a Persian translation of the Bhagavata Purana, c. 1625", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern India, Deccan"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 24.1 cm (12 11/16 x 9 1/2 in.); Image: 23.5 x 18 cm (9 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "width": 0.241}, "image": {"height": 0.235, "width": 0.18}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 379162, "title": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings", "description": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2021-February 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Eugene and Joan Savitt, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132006", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2006\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This page is from a rare, illustrated Persian translation of a Hindu sacred text.", "description": "Indra, king of the gods and controller of rain and thunder, was furious when Krishna decided to eat his annual offerings. Perched on his white elephant, Indra sent storms to destroy Krishna and his cowherd community, but Krishna effortlessly raised the nearby Mount Govardhan like an umbrella, and everyone rejoiced in his protection. Krishna balances the mountain on one finger while fluting and taking refreshment (paan) from a milkmaid. Below the figure of four-armed Krishna, Indra is shown defeated, kneeling in acquiescence to Krishna\u2019s superior power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480366"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.203-krishna-lifting-moun"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2006.203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.203/2006.203_web.jpg", "width": "651", "height": "900", "filesize": "284069", "filename": "2006.203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.203/2006.203_print.jpg", "width": "2459", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3134706", "filename": "2006.203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.203/2006.203_full.tif", "width": "5188", "height": "7172", "filesize": "111659344", "filename": "2006.203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-01-02T15:30:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2006.203/2006.203_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "515037"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2006.203/2006.203_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2552", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5815779"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2006.203/2006.203_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3972", "height": "5291", "filesize": "63080516"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Eugene and Joan Savitt in memory of Dr. and Mrs. E.K. Zaworski, her grandparents", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 164837, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2007-02-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Krishna Supporting Mount Govardhan"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:30.285000"}, {"id": 166341, "accession_number": "2008.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bacchanal, the Game of Leap Frog, c. 1785. Laurent Guyot (French, 1756-), after Jean Guillaume Moitte (French, 1746\u20131810). Etching and aquatint on silk; image: 17 x 39.4 cm (6 11/16 x 15 1/2 in.); mounted: 20.6 x 45.1 cm (8 1/8 x 17 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Friends of the Department of Prints and Drawings, 2008.18", "current_location": null, "title": "Bacchanal, the Game of Leap Frog", "creation_date": "c. 1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1780, "creation_date_latest": 1790, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "etching and aquatint on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 17 x 39.4 cm (6 11/16 x 15 1/2 in.); Mounted: 20.6 x 45.1 cm (8 1/8 x 17 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.17, "width": 0.394}, "mounted": {"height": 0.206, "width": 0.451}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Incense can refer to any material that, when burned, produces perfumed smoke. In the ancient world incense was often used a religious offering.", "description": "Although Guyot\u2019s print presents the same bacchanal as G\u00e9rard\u2019s wax relief, the scene is flipped horizontally because the process of printing reverses the image. The differences between the two versions\u2014apparent in the smoke, the foliage of the tree, and the belt of the central leaping man\u2014suggest that both craftsmen may have worked directly from Moitte\u2019s original design. Guyot\u2019s use of aquatint, which produces areas of continuous tone with subtle variations in light and shade, makes the print seem more like a drawing than a sculpture. By printing on silk instead of paper, Guyot enhanced the sensuousness and luminosity of the scene in a manner different than G\u00e9rard\u2019s use of colored wax.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79996462"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.18-bacchanal-the-game-o"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.18/2008.18_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "559", "filesize": "499289", "filename": "2008.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.18/2008.18_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1505", "filesize": "3747736", "filename": "2008.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.18/2008.18_full.tif", "width": "5386", "height": "2384", "filesize": "38553572", "filename": "2008.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Friends of the Department of Prints and Drawings", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166341, "creators": [{"id": 56552, "description": "Laurent Guyot (French, 1756-)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1756", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 8601, "description": "Jean Guillaume Moitte (French, 1746\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1780, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-01 21:32:53.986000"}, {"id": 167989, "accession_number": "2009.57", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vanity Set (N\u00e9cessaire), c. 1760. Manner of James Barbot (British). Gold, agate, interior fitted with implements, mirror; overall: 5.5 x 4.5 x 3.9 cm (2 3/16 x 1 3/4 x 1 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.57", "current_location": null, "title": "Vanity Set (N\u00e9cessaire)", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, mid 18th century"], "technique": "gold, agate, interior fitted with implements, mirror", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 5.5 x 4.5 x 3.9 cm (2 3/16 x 1 3/4 x 1 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.055, "width": 0.045, "depth": 0.039}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, New Orleans, LA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["47.2007", "2008.264"], "did_you_know": "This small box with a mirror-lined lid is a dressing table accessory for travel that contains luxury objects such a clasp knife, tweezers, manicure set, and scent bottles.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Jewelry, miniatures, and n\u00e9cessaires\u2014small expensive sets designed to hold grooming, writing, and sewing tools\u2014were often given as intimate gifts, intended to be seen and admired. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or shops where these goods were made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073234"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.57-vanity-set-necessair"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.57", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.57/2009.57_web.jpg", "width": "875", "height": "893", "filesize": "536654", "filename": "2009.57_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.57/2009.57_print.jpg", "width": "2270", "height": "2318", "filesize": "3154206", "filename": "2009.57_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.57/2009.57_full.tif", "width": "2270", "height": "2318", "filesize": "15827836", "filename": "2009.57_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-08T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.57/2009.57_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "945", "height": "893", "filesize": "538155"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.57/2009.57_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2620", "height": "2476", "filesize": "3466758"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.57/2009.57_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2620", "height": "2476", "filesize": "19502672"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 167989, "creators": [{"id": 58241, "description": "James Barbot (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "manner of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:05.651000"}, {"id": 168011, "accession_number": "2009.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Writing Tablet (Aide-M\u00e9moire), c. 1760\u201370. England, 18th century. Gold, agate, gold-mounted pencils, ivory writing tablets, mirror, manicure set; overall: 9.5 x 1.3 x 5.7 cm (3 3/4 x 1/2 x 2 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.59", "current_location": null, "title": "Writing Tablet (Aide-M\u00e9moire)", "creation_date": "c. 1760\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "gold, agate, gold-mounted pencils, ivory writing tablets, mirror, manicure set", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 9.5 x 1.3 x 5.7 cm (3 3/4 x 1/2 x 2 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.095, "width": 0.013, "depth": 0.057}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Belfast Museum and Art Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["50.2007", "2008.266"], "did_you_know": "During the 1700s, many wealthy women wrote personal notes on little thin sheets of polished ivory like this one and later wiped the tablet clean with a damp cloth.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Jewelry, miniatures, and writing tablets were often given as intimate gifts, intended to be seen and admired. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved people and the decimation of elephant populations across Africa. Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, the ivory and slave trades were closely intertwined, as indigenous people and elephant tusks were transported and sold along the same routes. Slavery was not abolished in much of the British Empire until 1833. Britain and other European nations continued to pursue colonialism with a sense of superiority that found its way into all aspects of life, including decorative objects glorifying their conquests.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073289"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.59-writing-tablet-aide"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.59", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.59/2009.59_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "728", "filesize": "561507", "filename": "2009.59_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.59/2009.59_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1960", "filesize": "3395578", "filename": "2009.59_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.59/2009.59_full.tif", "width": "3858", "height": "2224", "filesize": "25779760", "filename": "2009.59_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-07T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.59/2009.59_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "694", "filesize": "600652"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.59/2009.59_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1867", "filesize": "3597660"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.59/2009.59_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3735", "height": "2051", "filesize": "23020528"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168011, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:54.031000"}, {"id": 168034, "accession_number": "2009.61", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box, c. 1790\u20131810. Germany or England. Gold, agate, pearls, enamel. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.61", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u20131810", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany or England"], "technique": "gold, agate, pearls, enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["52.2007", "2008.268"], "did_you_know": "This small, elaborate box held snuff, a form of powdered tobacco that was inhaled in tiny amounts.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects, like this snuff box, were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold or stone mines, tobacco farms, or shops where these goods were made. Like cotton, sugar, and tea, snuff came from British colonies in America, India, and the Caribbean, where enslaved people were exploited to grow these crops under extremely harsh conditions. Slavery was not abolished in much of the British Empire until 1833. Britain and other European nations continued to pursue colonialism with a sense of superiority that found its way into all aspects of life, including decorative objects glorifying their conquests.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073349"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.61-snuff-box"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.61", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.61/2009.61_web.jpg", "width": "1067", "height": "893", "filesize": "656222", "filename": "2009.61_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.61/2009.61_print.jpg", "width": "2677", "height": "2241", "filesize": "3438661", "filename": "2009.61_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.61/2009.61_full.tif", "width": "2677", "height": "2241", "filesize": "18038992", "filename": "2009.61_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168034, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u20131810", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:48.485000"}, {"id": 168122, "accession_number": "2009.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vanity Case (N\u00e9cessaire), c. 1760. England, mid 18th century. Gold, agate, interior fitted with gold-mounted implements, mirror. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.69", "current_location": null, "title": "Vanity Case (N\u00e9cessaire)", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, mid 18th century"], "technique": "gold, agate, interior fitted with gold-mounted implements, mirror", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Duc de Brissac, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["60.2007", "2008.276"], "did_you_know": "This small box contains gold-mounted writing instruments, including three ink wells, a fountain pen, a clasp knife, and tweezers.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Jewelry, miniatures, and n\u00e9cessaires\u2014small expensive sets designed to hold grooming, writing, and sewing tools\u2014were often given as intimate gifts, intended to be seen and admired. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or shops where these goods were made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073551"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.69-vanity-case-necessai"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.69/2009.69_web.jpg", "width": "1164", "height": "893", "filesize": "662246", "filename": "2009.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.69/2009.69_print.jpg", "width": "3071", "height": "2356", "filesize": "3923479", "filename": "2009.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.69/2009.69_full.tif", "width": "3071", "height": "2356", "filesize": "21747420", "filename": "2009.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-07T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.69/2009.69_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "888", "height": "893", "filesize": "566212"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.69/2009.69_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2569", "height": "2584", "filesize": "4172061"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.69/2009.69_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2569", "height": "2584", "filesize": "19956668"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168122, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:57.703000"}, {"id": 168156, "accession_number": "2009.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vanity Case (N\u00e9cessaire), c. 1760. Attributed to James Barbot (British). Gold, orange agate, enamel. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.72", "current_location": null, "title": "Vanity Case (N\u00e9cessaire)", "creation_date": "c. 1760", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, mid 18th century"], "technique": "gold, orange agate, enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["7.2007", "2008.279"], "did_you_know": "This small box with a mirror-lined lid is a dressing table accessory that contains luxury objects such a clasp knife, snuff spoon, ivory tablet, and scent bottles.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Jewelry, miniatures, and n\u00e9cessaires\u2014small expensive sets designed to hold grooming, writing, and sewing tools\u2014were often given as intimate gifts, intended to be seen and admired. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold and stone mines or shops where these goods were made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073637"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.72-vanity-case-necessai"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.72/2009.72_web.jpg", "width": "828", "height": "893", "filesize": "553601", "filename": "2009.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.72/2009.72_print.jpg", "width": "2313", "height": "2495", "filesize": "3698227", "filename": "2009.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.72/2009.72_full.tif", "width": "2313", "height": "2495", "filesize": "17355928", "filename": "2009.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-08T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.72/2009.72_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "461711"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.72/2009.72_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2171", "height": "2639", "filesize": "3375767"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.72/2009.72_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2171", "height": "2639", "filesize": "17229216"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168156, "creators": [{"id": 58241, "description": "James Barbot (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1755, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1760", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:03:54.263000"}, {"id": 168179, "accession_number": "2009.75", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Snuff Box with Clock, c. 1750. England, London. Gold-mounted agate, enamel dial, glass; overall: 5.1 x 5.1 cm (2 x 2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.75", "current_location": null, "title": "Snuff Box with Clock", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1745, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "gold-mounted agate, enamel dial, glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 5.1 x 5.1 cm (2 x 2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.051, "width": 0.051}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Dial signed frs: \"de-la Balle\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the Royal Family of Saxony", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["85.2007", "2008.282"], "did_you_know": "During the 1700s, snuff boxes, jewelry, and watch cases were often made in the same workshops, creating multifunctional items such as this time-keeping snuff box.", "description": "Luxurious personal objects, like this snuff box, were an essential part of a privileged wardrobe during the 1700s and early 1800s, emphasizing their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Their glittering surfaces, however, disguised a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved or indentured people, whether in gold or stone mines, tobacco farms, or shops where these goods were made. This small, elaborate box held snuff, a form of powdered tobacco that was inhaled in tiny amounts. Like cotton, sugar, and tea, snuff came from British colonies in America, India, and the Caribbean, where enslaved people were exploited to grow these crops under extremely harsh conditions. Slavery was not abolished in much of the British Empire until 1833. Britain and other European nations continued to pursue colonialism with a sense of superiority that found its way into all aspects of life, including decorative objects glorifying their conquests.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073686"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.75-snuff-box-with-clock"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.75", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.75/2009.75_web.jpg", "width": "628", "height": "893", "filesize": "366139", "filename": "2009.75_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.75/2009.75_print.jpg", "width": "2259", "height": "3214", "filesize": "3881244", "filename": "2009.75_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.75/2009.75_full.tif", "width": "2259", "height": "3214", "filesize": "21821428", "filename": "2009.75_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168179, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1745, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:35.751000"}, {"id": 168181, "accession_number": "2009.77", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cabinet Clock, c. 1770\u201375. Attributed to James Cox (British). Gold, agate, enamel dial, glass; overall: 16.5 x 8.9 cm (6 1/2 x 3 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Howard F. Stirn, 2009.77", "current_location": null, "title": "Cabinet Clock", "creation_date": "c. 1770\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, late 18th century"], "technique": "gold, agate, enamel dial, glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 16.5 x 8.9 cm (6 1/2 x 3 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.165, "width": 0.089}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed \"Jas Cox\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020)", "description": "British Gallery Reinstallation (June 2020). The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Howard F. Stirn [1923-2016], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["9.2007", "2008.284", "1.2007"], "did_you_know": "The doors of this miniature cabinet open to reveal two small drawers that held the winding keys for the clock above.", "description": "In the 1700s and early 1800s, luxurious objects such as jewelry, miniatures, snuff boxes, and vanity cases emphasized their owner\u2019s refinement and wealth. Especially popular were small cases with clocks and moving mechanical devices that played a handful of musical tunes. James Cox, the London goldsmith responsible for this clock and case, was known for creating such tuneful surprises, although this work no longer contains such a mechanism. Its glittering surface disguises a system based on the labor and suffering of enslaved people, whether in gold and stone mines or in shops where these goods were made by indentured apprentices. Many of these timepieces were designed for export and sold to the Chinese emperor Ch'ien Lung (1711\u20131799) and his court in attempt to balance out the substantial amount of tea that Britain was importing at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80073692"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.77-cabinet-clock"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.77", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.77/2009.77_web.jpg", "width": "919", "height": "893", "filesize": "525454", "filename": "2009.77_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.77/2009.77_print.jpg", "width": "2757", "height": "2680", "filesize": "4016923", "filename": "2009.77_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.77/2009.77_full.tif", "width": "2757", "height": "2680", "filesize": "22207780", "filename": "2009.77_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-11-08T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.77/2009.77_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "874", "height": "893", "filesize": "509142"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.77/2009.77_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2613", "height": "2670", "filesize": "3925790"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2009.77/2009.77_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2613", "height": "2670", "filesize": "20971584"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Howard F. Stirn", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168181, "creators": [{"id": 55084, "description": "James Cox (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": "Though James Cox was celebrated during his lifetime, the date and place of birth are unknown. According to the Clockmaker's Records, J. Cox was established at the Racquet Court in London in 1749 and a trade-card now in the British Museum, engraved as his address Racquet Court, Fleet Street, at the sign of the Golden Urn. From 1756-1759 he was in partnership with the clockmaker Edward Grace when, according to a later trade-card in the British Museum, Cox was at the Golden Urn, Shoe Lane. Nothing further is known of his activities between 1751-1766. Objects signed by James Cox belong to the British Royal Collection, the British Museum, the Louvre, the Metropolitan Museum, the Walters Art Gallery, and the private collectors.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:16.767000"}, {"id": 169186, "accession_number": "2011.11", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Clothes are Italian, 1715\u201316. Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721), and Charles Simonneau (French, 1645\u20131728). Etching and engraving; platemark: 30.5 x 21.3 cm (12 x 8 3/8 in.); sheet: 37.2 x 26.9 cm (14 5/8 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 2011.11", "current_location": null, "title": "The Clothes are Italian", "creation_date": "1715\u201316", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "etching and engraving", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 30.5 x 21.3 cm (12 x 8 3/8 in.); Sheet: 37.2 x 26.9 cm (14 5/8 x 10 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.372, "width": 0.269}, "platemark": {"height": 0.305, "width": 0.213}}, "state_of_the_work": "IV/VI", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Fran\u00e7ois Heugel, Paris, b. 1922 (Lugt 3373)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Susan Schulman Printseller, New York, NY, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132011", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 7, 2011\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 166522, "description": "The Clothes are Italian, 1715\u201316. Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721). Etching; image and plate: 27.5 x 20 cm (10 13/16 x 7 7/8 in.); sheet: 30 x 20.9 cm (11 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2008.3", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Antoine Watteau\u2019s compositions often reference theater and music.", "description": "Actors dressed as stock characters from the Italian commedia dell\u2019arte and the French popular theater take their final bow in this print. Known for their comic plots and improvisational satire, the Italian players were banned in France from 1697 until 1716 after one of their productions was thought to criticize King Louis XIV\u2019s mistress. Still in demand with French audiences, some of the characters and stories were adapted into the less regulated performances. Before the print\u2019s publication, Jean-Antoine Watteau\u2019s etched composition was finished by professional engraver Charles Simonneau. While Simonneau\u2019s precise dots and crosshatched lines clarify the details of the print, the spontaneity and freedom of Watteau\u2019s etched lines better express the sense of whimsy and play that characterizes the subject matter.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80076121"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.11-the-clothes-are-ital"]}, "citations": [], "catalogue_raisonne": "Dacier and Vuaflart, 130", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.11", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.11/2011.11_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "900", "filesize": "226409", "filename": "2011.11_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.11/2011.11_print.jpg", "width": "2479", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3517628", "filename": "2011.11_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.11/2011.11_full.tif", "width": "5315", "height": "7291", "filesize": "116284352", "filename": "2011.11_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169186, "creators": [{"id": 14067, "description": "Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1684", "death_year": "1721", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 60603, "description": "Charles Simonneau (French, 1645\u20131728)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1645", "death_year": "1728", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715\u201316", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:10.549000"}, {"id": 171860, "accession_number": "2014.6.11", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mascarade \u00e0 la Grecque: Inventor of Greek Figures, Plate 10, 1771. Benigno Bossi (Italian, 1727\u20131792), after Ennemond Alexandre Petitot (French, 1727-1801). Etching with stipple and engraving; image: 23.8 x 16.7 cm (9 3/8 x 6 9/16 in.); plate: 27 x 18.4 cm (10 5/8 x 7 1/4 in.); sheet: 41.9 x 28.1 cm (16 1/2 x 11 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Print Club of Cleveland in memory of Louise S. Richards, 2014.6.11", "current_location": null, "title": "Inventor of Greek Figures, Plate 10", "series": "Mascarade \u00e0 la Grecque", "creation_date": "1771", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1771, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "etching with stipple and engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Etching", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 23.8 x 16.7 cm (9 3/8 x 6 9/16 in.); Plate: 27 x 18.4 cm (10 5/8 x 7 1/4 in.); Sheet: 41.9 x 28.1 cm (16 1/2 x 11 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.419, "width": 0.281}, "plate": {"height": 0.27, "width": 0.184}, "image": {"height": 0.238, "width": 0.167}, "book (closed)": {"height": 0.43, "width": 0.288, "depth": 0.009}, "book (open)": {"height": 0.43, "width": 0.56}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "Imagination in the Age of Reason. 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The popularization of classical elements and motifs in fine and decorative arts during this period was known as the go\u00fbt grec, or \"Greek taste.\" Revered for its perceived simplicity and grandeur, ancient Greek art was believed to reflect the physical health and moral character of that civilization. Here reproduced by engraver Benigno Bossi, Petitot\u2019s design whimsically parodies the artist and his time, transforming the elegance and sobriety of classical Greece into the excess and extravagance of the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80082817"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2014.6.11-mascarade-a-la-grecq", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2014.6.11-inventor-of-greek-fi"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2014.6.11", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.6.11/2014.6.11_web.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "900", "filesize": "268396", "filename": "2014.6.11_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.6.11/2014.6.11_print.jpg", "width": "2350", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3255824", "filename": "2014.6.11_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.6.11/2014.6.11_full.tif", "width": "3401", "height": "4920", "filesize": "50231424", "filename": "2014.6.11_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Print Club of Cleveland in memory of Louise S. Richards", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 171860, "creators": [{"id": 64320, "description": "Benigno Bossi (Italian, 1727\u20131792)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1792", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 671630, "description": "Ennemond Alexandre Petitot (French, 1727-1801)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": null, "biography": "French architect, city planner and engineer, 1727-1801, active in Italy", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1801", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2014-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1771", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2014.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:45.453000"}, {"id": 86483, "accession_number": "2015.156", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Throwing Knife / Prestige Scepter (pingha), 1800\u2013mid-1900s. Africa, Central or Eastern Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, and Sudan, Zande-style maker. Iron alloy and plant fiber; overall: 45.5 cm (17 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Donna L. and Robert H. Jackson, 2015.156", "current_location": null, "title": "Throwing Knife / Prestige Scepter (pingha)", "creation_date": "1800\u2013mid-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1960, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central or Eastern Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, and Sudan, Zande-style maker"], "technique": "Iron alloy and plant fiber", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 45.5 cm (17 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.455}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Standing on Ceremony: Traditional African Arms from the Donna L. and Robert H. Jackson Collection. 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Standing on Ceremony: Traditional African Arms from the Donna L. and Robert H. Jackson Collection, p. 17
"], "date": "by at least 2004", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert H. Jackson by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-2015", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2015-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely at the upper blade of this throwing knife to find a representation of a lizard, and at the lower part of the shaft for a crosshatch design resembling lizard skin.", "description": "Throwing knives (pingha, plural kipinga) were historically used by elite Zande men as weapons in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Carefully calibrated, they would spin when thrown or balance on the shoulder when taken into battle. Kipinga were not everyday weapons, but considered property of the king; only those fighting on his behalf like royal bodyguards and court attendants used them. One side of this blade is adorned with complex figural and geometric engravings. 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Jackson", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 86483, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-12-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800\u2013mid-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Throwing Knife/Prestige Scepter (pingha)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:29.965000"}, {"id": 314412, "accession_number": "2018.122", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rama and Lakshmana slay the demon giant Viradha, from Chapters 2 through 4 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey), c. 1770. Central India, Bundelkhand Region, Madhya Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Datia. Gum tempera and gold on paper; overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.); painting: 19 x 28 cm (7 1/2 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.122", "current_location": null, "title": "Rama and Lakshmana slay the demon giant Viradha, from Chapters 2 through 4 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central India, Bundelkhand Region, Madhya Pradesh, Rajput Kingdom of Datia"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.); Painting: 19 x 28 cm (7 1/2 x 11 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.19, "width": 0.28}, "overall": {"height": 0.21, "width": 0.298}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[verso, at lower right, sideways]] 20", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Terence McInerney", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, Parke-Bernet, New York, NY, May 1981 sale, lot 18\u200b, sold to Ralph and Catherine Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 1981", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981\u20132018", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rama is depicted with a green complexion in central and southern India.", "description": "Viradha was once a celestial musician named Tumburu, who was cursed by Kubera, guardian king and god of wealth, to turn into a demon until he was killed by Rama. During their exile, when the hero Rama, his brother Lakshmana, and wife Sita were venturing in the Dandaka Forest, the demon appeared in front of the divine party and abducted Sita. Rama and Lakshmana slayed the demon and rescued Sita, and Viradha was freed from his curse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483098"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.122-rama-and-lakshmana-s"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.122", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.122/2018.122_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "643", "filesize": "255179", "filename": "2018.122_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.122/2018.122_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2428", "filesize": "2778410", "filename": "2018.122_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.122/2018.122_full.tif", "width": "7783", "height": "5559", "filesize": "129837124", "filename": "2018.122_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T15:37:58", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.122/2018.122_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "636", "filesize": "152994"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.122/2018.122_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2404", "filesize": "1839738"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.122/2018.122_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7834", "height": "5540", "filesize": "130236860"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314412, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rama and Lakshmana Slay the Demon Giant Viradha, from a Ramayana", "A page from a Ramayana: Rama, Lakshman and Sita before a slain giant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:39.340000"}, {"id": 314440, "accession_number": "2018.135", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Ruler Seated on a Terrace Worshipping at a Shrine of Radha and Krishna, c. 1800. Central India, Madhya Pradesh. Gum tempera and gold on paper; 25.1 x 20 cm (9 7/8 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.135", "current_location": null, "title": "A Ruler Seated on a Terrace Worshipping at a Shrine of Radha and Krishna", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central India, Madhya Pradesh"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "25.1 x 20 cm (9 7/8 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.251, "width": 0.2}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 536104, "title": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers", "description": "Raja Deen Dayal: The King of Indian Photographers. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23, 2023-February 4, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Both figures have rosaries of rudraksha beads usually worn by followers of Shiva, instead of Krishna.", "description": "A noble clad in a black woolen shawl and a red turban, both with delicate floral embroidery, kneels before a small shrine with icons of Krishna fluting alongside his lover Radha. An attendant dressed in white holds a fly whisk that denotes the kneeling figure\u2019s royal status. The black sky with light horizon suggests that the sun has recently set. In spite of the individualized facial features, this noble remains unidentified.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483136"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.135-a-ruler-seated-on-a"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.135", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.135/2018.135_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "900", "filesize": "270692", "filename": "2018.135_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.135/2018.135_print.jpg", "width": "2745", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3114336", "filename": "2018.135_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.135/2018.135_full.tif", "width": "5511", "height": "6826", "filesize": "112895344", "filename": "2018.135_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T18:52:41", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.135/2018.135_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "900", "filesize": "207350"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.135/2018.135_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2706", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2734502"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.135/2018.135_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5528", "height": "6945", "filesize": "115213508"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314440, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Noble seated on an outdoor parapet worshiping a shrine of Krishna fluting"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:47.357000"}, {"id": 314446, "accession_number": "2018.141", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna Quells the Serpent Kaliya, from a Bhagavata Purana, c. 1710. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 40.8 x 23 cm (16 1/16 x 9 1/16 in.); miniature: 36.9 x 19.1 cm (14 1/2 x 7 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.141", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna Quells the Serpent Kaliya, from a Bhagavata Purana", "creation_date": "c. 1710", "creation_date_earliest": 1705, "creation_date_latest": 1715, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 40.8 x 23 cm (16 1/16 x 9 1/16 in.); Miniature: 36.9 x 19.1 cm (14 1/2 x 7 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.369, "width": 0.191}, "page": {"height": 0.408, "width": 0.23}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "p\u0101n\u0101 29", "inscription_translation": "Page 29", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 379162, "title": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings", "description": "Life and Exploits of Krishna in Indian Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2021-February 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ex collection: Khajanchi, Bikaner", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, October 16, 1980, lot 174)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "October 16, 1980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Terence McInerney, New York, NY, sold to Ralph and Catherine Glynn Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u2013April 1990", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990\u20132001", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001\u20132018", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The snake-demon Kaliya holds a flower in his mouth for Krishna.", "description": "In the forest where Krishna lived as a youth among the cowherds, there was a great pool of water connected to the Yamuna River. The water had become toxic from the poison excreted by all the snakes living there, including the serpent Kaliya. Kaliya\u2019s royal residence is depicted at the lower right. In order to make the pool usable for drinking and bathing, Krishna tamed the serpent king by dancing on his heads. Krishna then persuaded him to move away to the ocean.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483144"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.141-krishna-quells-the-s"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.141", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.141/2018.141_web.jpg", "width": "522", "height": "900", "filesize": "208704", "filename": "2018.141_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.141/2018.141_print.jpg", "width": "1972", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2228402", "filename": "2018.141_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.141/2018.141_full.tif", "width": "4898", "height": "8445", "filesize": "124130792", "filename": "2018.141_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T14:49:34", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.141/2018.141_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "526", "height": "900", "filesize": "174846"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.141/2018.141_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1988", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2087119"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.141/2018.141_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4952", "height": "8468", "filesize": "125837908"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314446, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Page from a Bhagavata Purana: Krishna quells the Snake demon, Kaliya", "Krishna Quells the Snake-Demon Kaliya", "Krishna Quells the Snake-Demon Kaliya, from a Bhagavata Purana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:59.523000"}, {"id": 314447, "accession_number": "2018.142", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Queen Kaikeyi reminds King Dasharatha about the sacrifices of King Bali and King Shivi, folio 39 from the Ayodhya Kanda (Book of Ayodhya) of a Ramayana (Rama's Journey), c. 1710. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar, Court of Amar Singh II (reigned 1698\u20131710). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 20 x 38.2 cm (7 7/8 x 15 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.142", "current_location": null, "title": "Queen Kaikeyi reminds King Dasharatha about the sacrifices of King Bali and King Shivi, folio 39 from the Ayodhya Kanda (Book of Ayodhya) of a Ramayana (Rama's Journey)", "creation_date": "c. 1710", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar, Court of Amar Singh II (reigned 1698\u20131710)"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 20 x 38.2 cm (7 7/8 x 15 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.2, "width": 0.382}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[recto]] ayo[dhy\u0101 k\u0101\u1e43da]. \u1e5b\u0101m\u0101yana ro patra. 39. pache r\u0101j\u0101 bil\u0101pa kari m\u016brch\u0101 pai jadi keka\u012b bol\u012b dhart\u012b para kyo sut\u0101 sa\u1e43c\u012b b\u0101ta upara raho\u1e43 or su\u1e43no\u1e43 r\u0101j\u0101 alaraka \u015biv\u012b ara r\u0101j\u0101 bali y\u0101 s\u0101mca upara sarba d\u012byo y\u0101 b\u0101ta suni r\u0101j\u0101 homa kara b\u0101v\u0101l\u0101 k\u012bs\u012b n\u0101\u012b khed p\u0101ctouva", "inscription_translation": "[Book of] Ayodhaya. A Page from Ramayana. 39. The king [Dasharatha] fell unconscious lamenting for Rama. Kaikeyi said, \u201cNothing on the earth is everlasting, this is the reality. Kings like Alarka, Shivi, and Bali sacrificed everything.\u201d The king was grief-stricken on hearing this.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso]] ayodhaya, 39", "inscription_translation": "[Book of] Ayodhya, [Folio] 39", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edward Wilkinson, Pasadena, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132008", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2008\u20132018", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The scenes outside the room illustrate and expand further on what the queen, at left, is saying.", "description": "A large portion of this composition is dominated by the episode of Vishnu\u2019s manifestation as Trivikrama in Raja Bali\u2019s sacrifice. Vishnu stands monumentally with his one foot on the ground and the other foot reaching to heaven where Brahma washes Vishnu\u2019s foot with Ganges water in devotion. Raja Bali is shown giving the sacrifice to Vamana, the brahmin incarnation of Vishnu.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483151"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.142-kaikeyi-reminds-dash", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.142-queen-kaikeyi-remind"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.142", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.142/2018.142_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "560", "filesize": "220533", "filename": "2018.142_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.142/2018.142_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2117", "filesize": "2083117", "filename": "2018.142_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.142/2018.142_full.tif", "width": "8618", "height": "5365", "filesize": "138749020", "filename": "2018.142_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T14:56:08", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.142/2018.142_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "559", "filesize": "128436"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.142/2018.142_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2113", "filesize": "1488342"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.142/2018.142_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8612", "height": "5352", "filesize": "138309960"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314447, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1710", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A page from a Ramayana: Vamana avatar of Vishnu (Trivikrama)", "Kaikeyi Reminds Dasharatha About the Sacrifice of King Bali, from a Ramayana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:18.430000"}, {"id": 314449, "accession_number": "2018.144", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maharana Sangram Singh II (r. 1710\u201334) Worshipping a Linga Under a Banyan Tree, c. 1712\u201315. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; page: 24.8 x 18.1 cm (9 3/4 x 7 1/8 in.); miniature: 23.2 x 16.8 cm (9 1/8 x 6 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.144", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharana Sangram Singh II (r. 1710\u201334) Worshipping a Linga Under a Banyan Tree", "creation_date": "c. 1712\u201315", "creation_date_earliest": 1702, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 24.8 x 18.1 cm (9 3/4 x 7 1/8 in.); Miniature: 23.2 x 16.8 cm (9 1/8 x 6 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.232, "width": 0.168}, "page": {"height": 0.248, "width": 0.181}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u015br\u012b mah\u0101ran\u0101 j\u012b \u015bri sangram s\u012bgha j\u012b badal\u0101 r\u0101bh\u0101e (?)", "inscription_translation": "Maharana Sangram Singh ji [and his] brother [from] Bedla", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "18", "inscription_translation": "[number] 18", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 674335, "title": "Temples and Worship in South Asia", "description": "Temples and Worship in South Asia. 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Flowers, packets of paan (areca nut and sweet aromatics wrapped in betel leaf), coconuts, and a flower garland are among the offerings. A brass ewer holds purified water, and a bell would punctuate moments of recitation. A blue-and-white porcelain cup holds the fragrant yellow paste to be applied to the linga and the forehead of the pious king.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483168"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.144-maharana-sangram-sin"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.144", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.144/2018.144_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "900", "filesize": "246088", "filename": "2018.144_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.144/2018.144_print.jpg", "width": "2482", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2482933", "filename": "2018.144_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.144/2018.144_full.tif", "width": "5399", "height": "7396", "filesize": "119833120", "filename": "2018.144_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T14:28:14.036000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.144/2018.144_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "900", "filesize": "182643"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.144/2018.144_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2509", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1991525"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.144/2018.144_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5459", "height": "7397", "filesize": "121179092"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314449, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1702, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1712\u201315", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rana Sangram Singh doing puja under a papal tree", "Rana Sangram Singh Worshipping a Linga under a Banyan Tree"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:56.252000"}, {"id": 314455, "accession_number": "2018.150", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maharana Bhim Singh of Mewar (r. 1778\u20131828) with a Consort, c. 1810. Attributed to Chokha (Indian, active c. 1799\u20131824). Gum tempera, silver and gold on paper; miniature: 24.8 x 15.9 cm (9 3/4 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.150", "current_location": null, "title": "Maharana Bhim Singh of Mewar (r. 1778\u20131828) with a Consort", "creation_date": "c. 1810", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Mewar"], "technique": "Gum tempera, silver and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Miniature: 24.8 x 15.9 cm (9 3/4 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.248, "width": 0.159}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "mh\u0101r\u0101n\u0101 j\u012b \u015br\u012b bh\u012bma s\u012b\u1e43gha j\u012b", "inscription_translation": "Maharana Bhim Singh Ji", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "sakh\u012b r\u0101n\u0101 bh\u012bma si\u1e43gha r\u012b kachajhu mei", "inscription_translation": "Courtesan in the chamber of Rana Bhim Singh", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-2018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A European-style armchair in the background is a reminder of British influence at the court.", "description": "The consort folds her hands in devotion to the Maharana whose glory is highlighted with a halo behind his head. The Maharana fondly holds the chin of his paramour and appears to be in the process of putting a garland around her neck. One of the most celebrated artists in the history of painting at Mewar, Chokha has nestled the couple in an overabundance of bolsters, their chamber covered with pink flower petals and draped with yellow garlands.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483169"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.150-maharana-bhim-singh"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.150", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.150/2018.150_web.jpg", "width": "649", "height": "900", "filesize": "254502", "filename": "2018.150_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.150/2018.150_print.jpg", "width": "2451", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2767543", "filename": "2018.150_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.150/2018.150_full.tif", "width": "5722", "height": "7939", "filesize": "136321260", "filename": "2018.150_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T17:33:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.150/2018.150_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "900", "filesize": "172983"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.150/2018.150_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2449", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2200001"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.150/2018.150_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5718", "height": "7939", "filesize": "136222064"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314455, "creators": [{"id": 315332, "description": "Chokha (Indian, active c. 1799\u20131824)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": "Indian painter, active 1799-1824", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1770", "death_year": "1830", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1810", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rana Bhim Singh and his consort"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:49.800000"}, {"id": 314456, "accession_number": "2018.151", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A girl worshipping the rising sun (Surya puja), c. 1810. Attributed to Chokha (Indian, active c. 1799\u20131824). Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 23.8 x 17.1 cm (9 3/8 x 6 3/4 in.); painting: 20.3 x 13.3 cm (8 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.151", "current_location": null, "title": "A girl worshipping the rising sun (Surya puja)", "creation_date": "c. 1810", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Devgarh"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 23.8 x 17.1 cm (9 3/8 x 6 3/4 in.); Painting: 20.3 x 13.3 cm (8 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.203, "width": 0.133}, "page": {"height": 0.238, "width": 0.171}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[verso]] 659", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 674335, "title": "Temples and Worship in South Asia", "description": "Temples and Worship in South Asia. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14, 2024-March 9, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One of the two ducks in the lotus pond has a fish in its bill.", "description": "Clad in only her undergarment, an adolescent girl performs a ritual of morning prayer. She pours a stream of water that splashes down the steps of the platform on which she stands, her garland and orange sari on the ground behind her. Devotional practice in India can occur in nature, in the open air, without the presence of a temple, icon, or a priest.
Animals stir in the hills, and a goose has caught a fish. The artist appears to have connected the peace and bounty of the land with the pious act of honoring the sun with water.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483175"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.151-a-woman-worshipping", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.151-a-girl-worshipping-t"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.151", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.151/2018.151_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "900", "filesize": "237467", "filename": "2018.151_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.151/2018.151_print.jpg", "width": "2410", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2941421", "filename": "2018.151_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.151/2018.151_full.tif", "width": "5568", "height": "7854", "filesize": "131232688", "filename": "2018.151_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-25T15:56:59.065000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.151/2018.151_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "900", "filesize": "164677"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.151/2018.151_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2405", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1830838"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.151/2018.151_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5611", "height": "7934", "filesize": "133589112"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314456, "creators": [{"id": 315332, "description": "Chokha (Indian, active c. 1799\u20131824)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": "Indian painter, active 1799-1824", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1770", "death_year": "1830", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1810", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Surya Puja", "Worship of the Sun (Surya Puja)", "A Woman Worshipping the Rising Sun (Surya Puja)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:01:55.019000"}, {"id": 314466, "accession_number": "2018.161", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Still Life: Bouquet of Flowers Emerging from the Grass, c. 1750. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Bundi. Gum tempera on paper; page: 32.4 x 23.5 cm (12 3/4 x 9 1/4 in.); miniature: 29.8 x 21.6 cm (11 3/4 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.161", "current_location": null, "title": "Still Life: Bouquet of Flowers Emerging from the Grass", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Bundi"], "technique": "gum tempera on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 32.4 x 23.5 cm (12 3/4 x 9 1/4 in.); Miniature: 29.8 x 21.6 cm (11 3/4 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.324, "width": 0.235}, "miniature": {"height": 0.298, "width": 0.216}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 535998, "title": "Nature Supernatural", "description": "Nature Supernatural. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2023-March 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The central flower is a scarlet-colored poppy, famed for yielding opium.", "description": "Studies of flower arrangements in the European manner became a popular subject in Indian miniature painting during the reign of Mughal emperor Jahangir (reigned 1605\u201327). Inspired by imported prints, Indian artists rendered them in Mughal fashion. Here, in a painting made at a Rajasthani court, the entire bouquet grows magically out of the ground from a single stem.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483216"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.161-still-life-bouquet-o"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.161", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.161/2018.161_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "329230", "filename": "2018.161_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.161/2018.161_print.jpg", "width": "2561", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4362840", "filename": "2018.161_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.161/2018.161_full.tif", "width": "7441", "height": "9879", "filesize": "220560393", "filename": "2018.161_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-24T20:01:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.161/2018.161_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "276589"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.161/2018.161_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2914932"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.161/2018.161_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5687", "height": "7582", "filesize": "129397104"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-24T20:02:10.063000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.161/2018.161_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "900", "filesize": "220675"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.161/2018.161_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2553", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2542649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.161/2018.161_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5703", "height": "7595", "filesize": "129980024"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314466, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:36.889000"}, {"id": 314485, "accession_number": "2018.179", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna and Consort on a Palace Balcony with Musicians: Vukharo Ragaputra of Bhairav, from the \u201cBoston Ragamala\u201d, 1770\u201375. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kota. Gum tempera, ink, silver, and gold on paper; page: 32.7 x 23.8 cm (12 7/8 x 9 3/8 in.); miniature: 18.8 x 12.7 cm (7 3/8 x 5 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.179", "current_location": null, "title": "Krishna and Consort on a Palace Balcony with Musicians: Vukharo Ragaputra of Bhairav, from the \u201cBoston Ragamala\u201d", "creation_date": "1770\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Kota"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, silver, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 32.7 x 23.8 cm (12 7/8 x 9 3/8 in.); Miniature: 18.8 x 12.7 cm (7 3/8 x 5 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.188, "width": 0.127}, "page": {"height": 0.327, "width": 0.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "12. bharu kau putra bukh\u0101rau \u0101dha gai\u1e5b\u012b d\u012bna ca\u1e0dh\u0101 geve'", "inscription_translation": "12. [Ragaputra] Vukharo the son of [Raga] Bhairava [to be] sung at half moment past sunrise.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This musical mode is performed at early morning, suggested by the sunrise at the horizon.", "description": "The mood of this scene is joyous, as the blue-skinned god Krishna sits with his beloved in a high covered balcony. Below, exuberant musicians blow horns and clap time. One man in front plays the cymbals next to the open-mouthed singer on a lute-like instrument. A guard sits relaxed and unworried, counting the beads of his rosary.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.179-krishna-and-consort"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.179", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.179/2018.179_web.jpg", "width": "628", "height": "900", "filesize": "199517", "filename": "2018.179_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.179/2018.179_print.jpg", "width": "2373", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2255374", "filename": "2018.179_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.179/2018.179_full.tif", "width": "5538", "height": "7936", "filesize": "131887376", "filename": "2018.179_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T19:01:48", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.179/2018.179_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "597", "height": "900", "filesize": "222323"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.179/2018.179_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2255", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2500693"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.179/2018.179_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5307", "height": "8000", "filesize": "127407928"}}, {"date_created": "2016-05-23T19:07:24", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.179/2018.179_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "900", "filesize": "143322"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.179/2018.179_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2398", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1771119"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.179/2018.179_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5594", "height": "7932", "filesize": "133150604"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314485, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1770\u201375", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vukharo Ragaputra of Bhairu (no. 12), from the Boston Ragamala series", "Krishna and Consort on a Palace Balcony with Musicians, Vukharo Ragaputra of Bhairav, from the \u201cBoston Ragamala\u201d"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:31.970000"}, {"id": 314488, "accession_number": "2018.182", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Noblewoman at a Jharokha Window Holding a Rose, from a Portraits of Women series, c. 1730. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Sawar. Gum tempera and gold on paper; page: 28 x 25.2 cm (11 x 9 15/16 in.); miniature: 24.8 x 21.6 cm (9 3/4 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.182", "current_location": null, "title": "Noblewoman at a Jharokha Window Holding a Rose, from a Portraits of Women series", "creation_date": "c. 1730", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Sawar"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Page: 28 x 25.2 cm (11 x 9 15/16 in.); Miniature: 24.8 x 21.6 cm (9 3/4 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"miniature": {"height": 0.248, "width": 0.216}, "page": {"height": 0.28, "width": 0.252}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "mahar\u012b gul\u0101ba k\u014d phula lugachai", "inscription_translation": "A noblewoman holds a rose flower", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Catherine Glynn Benkaim and Barbara Timmer, Beverly Hills, CA, partial sale and gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The carpet is patterned with roses to match the flowers she holds.", "description": "A royal woman stands on a palace balcony under\ra cusped arch. The carpet draped over the railing\rin front of her indicates to viewers that the person\ris a member of the royal family. The rulers of small\rkingdoms adopted the Mughal practice of locating\rthe emperor in the jharokha window and expanded\rit to include other members of the royal household.\rThey also adopted the Mughal taste for scalloped\rarches, swirling arabesque flowering-vine motifs,\rand images of flowering plants on the carpet. Her\roversized eye emphasizes the importance of seeing\rand being seen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483348"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.182-noblewoman-at-a-jhar"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.182", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.182/2018.182_web.jpg", "width": "806", "height": "900", "filesize": "287688", "filename": "2018.182_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.182/2018.182_print.jpg", "width": "3046", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2807196", "filename": "2018.182_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.182/2018.182_full.tif", "width": "5620", "height": "6274", "filesize": "105821216", "filename": "2018.182_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2016-05-23T19:28:27.009000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.182/2018.182_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "804", "height": "900", "filesize": "192015"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.182/2018.182_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3037", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2059599"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2018.182/2018.182_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5649", "height": "6325", "filesize": "107227404"}}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 314488, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["From a series of female portraits: A lady at a jharoka window holding a rose"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:04.417000"}, {"id": 314491, "accession_number": "2018.185", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Disconsolate Lady on a Terrace with Attendants, c. 1730. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Rajput Kingdom of Raghogarh. Gum tempera, silver, and gold on paper; page: 28.3 x 22.9 cm (11 1/8 x 9 in.); miniature: 23.5 x 15.2 cm (9 1/4 x 6 in.). 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He prepares to shoot a crescent-shaped arrowhead that has the magical power of a mantra capable of destroying the multiheaded red demon guard.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247281"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.45-krishna-and-satyabha"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.45", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.45/2022.45_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "605", "filesize": "400967", "filename": "2022.45_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.45/2022.45_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2285", "filesize": "4356989", "filename": "2022.45_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.45/2022.45_full.tif", "width": "12608", "height": "8472", "filesize": "320476857", "filename": "2022.45_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2022-06-02T16:40:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.45/2022.45_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": "468605"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.45/2022.45_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2716", "filesize": "5207357"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.45/2022.45_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12726", "height": "10165", "filesize": "388113044"}}], "creditline": "John L. 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Bleached linen (est.): needle lace, burato (twined ground and darned in two directions), bobbin lace insert and edging, and crochet insert; overall: 62.4 x 132.3 cm (24 9/16 x 52 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Louise Tifft Brown, 1933.315", "current_location": null, "title": "Cloth with Border of Crowned Double-Headed Eagles with Various Emblems, Birds, and Other Animals", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 1800s"], "technique": "Bleached linen (est.): needle lace, burato (twined ground and darned in two directions), bobbin lace insert and edging, and crochet insert", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Lace", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 62.4 x 132.3 cm (24 9/16 x 52 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.624, "width": 1.323}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This cloth was given to the museum by Louise Tifft Brown, a native Clevelander who became an expert in lace while living in Venice for 35 years.", "description": "A range of techniques were used to create textural variation in this lace cloth: buratto, bobbin, and crochet. Figural motifs appear within the inserted buratto bands. Different birds, with crosses visible on their chests, crowned double-headed eagles, and feline figures facing a vessel may allude to the heraldic symbols of a particular family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006598"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1933.315-cloth-with-border-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"Louise Tifft Brown Bequest of Lace.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 20, no. 10 (1933): 157-59.", "page_number": "157-159", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137585."}, {"citation": "Ricci, Elisa. Old Italian Lace. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1913.", "page_number": "vol. 1 no. 23, 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper-Hewitt Museum, and Milton Sonday. Lace: In the Collection of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Design. 1982.", "page_number": "fig. 9", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1933.315", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.315/1933.315_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "444", "filesize": "186596", "filename": "1933.315_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.315/1933.315_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1678", "filesize": "2386105", "filename": "1933.315_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.315/1933.315_full.tif", "width": "11060", "height": "5459", "filesize": "181161340", "filename": "1933.315_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-04-18T14:37:23", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1933.315/1933.315_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "515", "filesize": "258187"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1933.315/1933.315_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1944", "filesize": "2877258"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1933.315/1933.315_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5353", "height": "3060", "filesize": "49173940"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Louise Tifft Brown", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114034, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1933-10-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Needlepoint and Bobbin Lace Cloth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:58.874000"}, {"id": 160119, "accession_number": "1997.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Sir John Macpherson, 1st Baronet, Governor-General of India, 1787. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor and gouache heightened with white gouache on paper; image: 8.8 x 7.6 cm (3 7/16 x 3 in.); sheet: 9.1 x 7.9 cm (3 9/16 x 3 1/8 in.); secondary support: 18.1 x 16 cm (7 1/8 x 6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.80", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of Sir John Macpherson, 1st Baronet, Governor-General of India", "creation_date": "1787", "creation_date_earliest": 1787, "creation_date_latest": 1787, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor and gouache heightened with white gouache on paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) wove (?) paper, hinged to cream-yellow board", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Image: 8.8 x 7.6 cm (3 7/16 x 3 in.); Sheet: 9.1 x 7.9 cm (3 9/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Secondary Support: 18.1 x 16 cm (7 1/8 x 6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.091, "width": 0.079}, "image": {"height": 0.088, "width": 0.076}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.181, "width": 0.16}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in black ink: J S / 1787 / Madras ; VERSO, lower right, in graphite: 6 1/8 x 6 7/8\r\nFoskett, Daphne. John Smart: The Man and His Miniatures, pp. 13, 76, 89. London: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964. ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Smart (1741-1811); by inheritance to his son John James Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1811", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John James Smart (1805-1870); by inheritance to his daughter Mary Ann Bose", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1811-70", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Ann Bose (n\u00e9e Smart, 1856-1934).; by inheritance to her son William Henry Bose", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870-1934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William Henry Bose (1875-1957), great-grandson of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934-37", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, February 15, 1937 (lot 43)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 15, 1937", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Colnaghi, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1937", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957, Cleveland); by inheritance to his daughter Helen Perry", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1957", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Helen Perry (n\u00e9e Greene, 1911-1996, Cleveland).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1957-96", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Estate of Mrs. A. Dean Perry (Helen Perry); gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-97", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Smart retained hundreds of sketches which were passed down in turn to his son, granddaughter, and great-grandchildren.", "description": "The sitter\u2019s head and shoulders face left. He smiles slightly and has light blue eyes, with his powdered hair curled above the ear and tied en queue. He wears a green jacket edged in gold with gold buttons and dons a high white collar, a waistcoat, and a frilled cravat, each highlighted with white gouache. The nature of this work as a finished drawing rather than exclusively a preparatory sketch for a miniature on ivory is evident in the degree of finish of the sitter\u2019s clothing, which is painted to the oval termination within a border of pale blue gouache. A Colnaghi label was removed from the verso after the work entered the museum\u2019s collection. Sir John Macpherson (1745\u20131821) was the son of a Scottish minister. His many tours of service with the East India Company were marred by corruption and scandal. He was made acting governor-general of India in 1785\u201386 between the resignation of Warren Hastings (1732\u20131818) and the succession by Lord Cornwallis (1738\u20131805). Macpherson was created a baronet in 1786 when he was removed from office, returning to England shortly thereafter. He was an inveterate bachelor, popular in society for his handsomeness, charm, and facility with languages, but also known for his avarice and fraudulence. The work is signed with Smart\u2019s initials and dated \u201c1787 Madras\u201d at the lower right. Macpherson was no longer governor-general in 1787 and would have been preparing to return to England when this portrait was painted. The drawing is inscribed on the back in the artist\u2019s hand: \u201ca sketch of Sir John Macpherson painted at Madras, 1787, on his passage from Bengall [sic] to England by Jno [sic] Smart.\u201d Smart did not return to England until 1795, so the word passage must be defined as \u201con his journey\u201d rather than \u201caboard ship.\u201d At the time this portrait was taken, Macpherson was grappling with his premature removal from office and beginning to plot what would become many years of negotiations to regain his position or receive compensation for having lost it, though none of this emotional turmoil is visible in Smart\u2019s portrait.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980821"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.80-portrait-of-sir-john"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Sketches and Studies for Miniature Portraits by John Smart; Objects of Art & Vertu. London: Christie, Manson & Woods, 1937.", "page_number": "lot 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 19, 70, 84", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 48, pp. 196-198", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.80/1997.80_web.jpg", "width": "784", "height": "893", "filesize": "134165", "filename": "1997.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.80/1997.80_print.jpg", "width": "2984", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2268959", "filename": "1997.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.80/1997.80_full.tif", "width": "5849", "height": "6663", "filesize": "116937888", "filename": "1997.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2005-02-07T15:55:32", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "520759"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2728", "height": "3124", "filesize": "6093223"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2728", "height": "3124", "filesize": "25589796"}}, {"date_created": "2009-10-07T13:56:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "893", "filesize": "531914"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2953", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8049362"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3509", "height": "4040", "filesize": "42561888"}}, {"date_created": "2011-05-06T15:04:07", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "779", "height": "893", "filesize": "517257"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2965", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8829107"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4734", "height": "5428", "filesize": "77115676"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T16:35:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "128601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2977", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1998880"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5814", "height": "6640", "filesize": "115837136"}}, {"date_created": "2013-02-19T16:47:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "129537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2131985"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1997.80/1997.80_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022204"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160119, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness. Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1787, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1787", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:07.636000"}, {"id": 160808, "accession_number": "1999.120.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altar High Chair (Kyo-Yi) (\uc601\uc88c\uad50\uc758 [\u9748\u5ea7\u4ea4\u6905]), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Pine nut wood; overall: 128.4 x 52 cm (50 9/16 x 20 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, M.D. in memory of Robert P. Bergman, 1999.120.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Altar High Chair (Kyo-Yi)", "title_in_original_language": "\uc601\uc88c\uad50\uc758 [\u9748\u5ea7\u4ea4\u6905]", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "pine nut wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 128.4 x 52 cm (50 9/16 x 20 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.284, "width": 0.52}, "seat": {"width": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, M.D., New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The belief in two types of souls, the spiritual and the corporeal, embodied the core concept of ancestral worship in traditional China and Korea. While the corporeal soul is believed to reside in the tomb, the spiritual soul, in the spirit house, guards his or her descendants.", "description": "Many homes in premodern Korean society had a memorial shrine for preparing and holding ancestral rites. Placed on the top of a tall chair, this miniature edifice (called the spirit house) served as a temporary residence for visiting ancestral spirits. On the table, a variety of delicacies such as fruits, rice, meat, and wine would be placed to treat those spiritual guests.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79982622"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.120.3-altar-high-chair-kyo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Deuchler, Martina. \u201cMourning and Funerary Rites.\u201d In The Confucian Transformation of Korea (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press), 1992.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 235, no. 130", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.120.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.120.3/1999.120.3_web.jpg", "width": "645", "height": "893", "filesize": "46842", "filename": "1999.120.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.120.3/1999.120.3_print.jpg", "width": "2457", "height": "3400", "filesize": "531508", "filename": "1999.120.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.120.3/1999.120.3_full.tif", "width": "4049", "height": "5601", "filesize": "68064504", "filename": "1999.120.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2004-11-19T16:24:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.120.3/1999.120.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "424", "height": "893", "filesize": "182543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.120.3/1999.120.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1614", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2488700"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1999.120.3/1999.120.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2374", "height": "5000", "filesize": "35621296"}}], "creditline": "Gift of The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, M.D. in memory of Robert P. Bergman", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160808, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1999.120", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-04-07 19:31:50.432000"}, {"id": 539189, "accession_number": "2023.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Scientist Seated at a Desk by Candlelight, 1755. Anna Dorothea Therbusch (German, 1721/22\u20131782). Oil on canvas; canvas: 100 x 81 cm (39 3/8 x 31 7/8 in.); framed: 121.9 x 103.5 cm (48 x 40 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2023.1", "current_location": null, "title": "A Scientist Seated at a Desk by Candlelight", "creation_date": "1755", "creation_date_earliest": 1755, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": [], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - German before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Canvas: 100 x 81 cm (39 3/8 x 31 7/8 in.); Framed: 121.9 x 103.5 cm (48 x 40 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"canvas": {"height": 1.0, "width": 0.81}, "framed": {"height": 1.219, "width": 1.035}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Peint par Anna Dorothea Therbusch Lisiewski 1755.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Signed in black paint on the reverse of the original canvas.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sale: Biarritz, 18 March 1984", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 18, 1984", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sale: London, Sotheby's 11 December 1996, lot 177", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 11, 1996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Collection of J.E. Safra (b. c. 1940), Geneva, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-2023", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sale: Sotheby's New York, January 26, 2023, lot 149", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "January 26, 2023", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2023-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Therbusch\u2019s painting career began when she was in her 40s, after her children had grown.", "description": "Candlelight subjects were unfashionable in Paris where Anna Dorothea Therbusch nonetheless submitted one for candidacy to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. She was denied one of three positions allotted to women artists on the grounds that a woman could not have painted such an accomplished work. Therbusch agreed to be observed painting by the male committee and was admitted to membership on her second attempt.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117248325"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.1-a-scientist-seated-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Berckenhagen, E. \"Anna Dorothea Therbusch (mit Werkverzeichnis),\" Zeitschrift des Deutschen Vereins f\u00fcr Kunstwissenschaft, vol. 41, 1987.", "page_number": "cat. no. 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ku\u0308ster-Heise, Katharina. Anna Dorothea Therbusch, geb. Lisiewska 1721-1782 eine Malerin der Aufkla\u0308rung ; Leben und Werk. 2008.", "page_number": "cat. no. III-67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm), and |. Master Paintings, Part I. 2023. .", "page_number": "lot 149", "url": "https://www.sothebys.com/en/buy/auction/2023/master-paintings-sculpture-part-i/a-scientist-seated-at-a-desk-by-candlelight"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.1/2023.1_web.jpg", "width": "728", "height": "900", "filesize": "260214", "filename": "2023.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.1/2023.1_print.jpg", "width": "2750", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3300970", "filename": "2023.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.1/2023.1_full.tif", "width": "8988", "height": "11111", "filesize": "299625665", "filename": "2023.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-02-21T16:27:47", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.1/2023.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "767", "height": "900", "filesize": "271658"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.1/2023.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2899", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3015284"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2023.1/2023.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10476", "height": "12288", "filesize": "386222914"}}], "creditline": "Leonard C. 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Previous restoration treatments included structural and aesthetic interventions, including two separate linings, varnish removals, heavy overpainting and applications of pigmented amber varnish.
A recent conservation treatment performed by CMA conservators was designed to address these condition issues. Scientific analysis with scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the materials used in both the original painting and prior restorative interventions. Therbusch applied two ground layers over a medium to heavy weight linen canvas. The first ground layer applied to the canvas consists of mostly aluminosilicates and a yellow ochre pigment bound in animal glue. A second ground, light gray in color, was then applied over top of the first yellow ground layer. This light gray ground, bound in oil, was found to be composed of lead white, and iron-containing particles with small amounts of bone black. Analysis with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) point analysis and SEM-EDS of cross sections found that the pigments used in the painting were consistent with that of the mid-eighteenth century and other paintings by Therbusch.
Technical imaging with infrared reflectography (IRR), X-radiography, and ultraviolet-induced visible fluorescence (UV-VIS), were used to document the painting\u2019s condition before conservation. UV-VIS was helpful in understanding the complex arrangement of prior restoration materials over the original paint layers. The X-radiograph revealed a previous tear running through the sitter\u2019s hand along with other minor losses, notably around the edges. During removal of the most recent lining, the artist\u2019s signature was uncovered on the reverse of the original canvas, see IRR of the reverse.
Tears and other minor losses were compensated with textured fills. These losses were then inpainted with conservation grade paint before a final application of varnish.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:28.681000"}, {"id": 536585, "accession_number": "2023.19", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Suite of the most notable things seen by John Wilkins erudite English Bishop during his famous voyage from the Earth to the Moon \u2026 dedicated to Sir William Hamilton ambassador to the Court of Naples, about 1769. Filippo Morghen (Italian, 1730\u2013after 1807), possibly after Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Ho\u00fcel (French, 1735\u20131813). Suite of 10 etchings. 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Filippo Morghen (Italian, 1730\u2013after 1807), possibly after Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Ho\u00fcel (French, 1735\u20131813). Etching. 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false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:30.154000"}, {"id": 106260, "accession_number": "1924.350", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monkey (\u733f\u50cf), possibly 1700s. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Wood; overall: 55.3 cm (21 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1924.350", "current_location": null, "title": "Monkey", "title_in_original_language": "\u733f\u50cf", "creation_date": "possibly 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 55.3 cm (21 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.553}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "Inaugural Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 700607, "title": "Photography of Japanese Architecture", "description": "Photography of Japanese Architecture. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (January 8-29, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 455863, "title": "Animals in Japanese Art", "description": "Animals in Japanese Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24-December 10, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Friends of Far Eastern Art. Mills College, Oakland, CA (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Japanese Folk Art. The Museum of International Folk Art, Santa Fe, NM (1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Art of the Seaway Nations - Far East. 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Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 106260, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-03-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Saru: Monkey (The Ninth Sign of the Japanese Zodiac)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:19.164000"}, {"id": 146036, "accession_number": "1971.232", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tiger in Wind, 1800s. After Maruyama \u014ckyo (Japanese, 1733\u20131795). Hanging scroll; ink on paper; painting: 134.6 x 58 cm (53 x 22 13/16 in.); mounted: 194 x 73 cm (76 3/8 x 28 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Purchase Fund, 1971.232", "current_location": null, "title": "Tiger in Wind", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868) to Meiji period (1868\u20131912)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 134.6 x 58 cm (53 x 22 13/16 in.); Mounted: 194 x 73 cm (76 3/8 x 28 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 1.346, "width": 0.58}, "mounted": {"height": 1.94, "width": 0.73}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u300c\u79cb\u7a7a\u4e00\u9db4\u300d\u8cdb\u3000\u9577\u562f\u4e00\u8072\u98a8\u62ec\u5730\u300c\u6708\u6e1a\u300d\u6731\u6587\u65b9\u5370\u300c\u7950\u5e38\u4e4b\u7ae0\u300d\u767d\u6587\u65b9\u5370\n\u58ec\u8fb0\u521d\u51ac\u5beb\u5fdc\u6319\u3000\u300c\u61c9\u8209\u4e4b\u5370\u300d\u767d\u6587\u65b9\u5370\u30fb\u300c\u4ef2\u9078\u300d\u767d\u6587\u65b9\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Upper right: prefatory seal: autumn sky, a single crane. inscription: a single long roar, the wind lashes the ground. sealed: Gessho, Y\u016bj\u014d no sh\u014d. Lower left: painted by \u014ckyo in early winter, 1772; sealed: \u014ckyo no in, Ch\u016bsen", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "Year in Review: 1971. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "A Cleveland Bestiary. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 18-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Murado Torujiro, \u014ctsu, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Nisaburo Mizutani, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1971\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The seals appended to the inscription on this painting suggest that the text was brushed by Y\u016bj\u014d (1723\u20131773), an imperial prince who became a Buddhist monk and was abbot of Enman'in at Miidera. The line is from a poem attributed to a Yuan dynasty poet, Yu Ruyu (dates unknown), and describes the sound of a fierce wind lashing the ground. Wind is associated with the roar of the tiger. Y\u016bj\u014d was Maruyama \u014ckyo's most important patron as a young artist, and this painting has a signature asserting that \u014ckyo created it in 1772, the year before Y\u016bj\u014d's death. While Y\u016bj\u014d produced a preface for a now famous set of handscrolls he commissioned \u014ckyo to paint, and a number of \u014ckyo's compositions for Enman'in survive, this work would appear to be one imagining their relationship, as opposed to a genuine piece.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471886"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.232-tiger-in-wind"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. A Cleveland Bestiary. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2003.6.2", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Erato, Muse of Lyrical Poetry", "creation_date": "1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th-early 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 273 x 176 cm (107 1/2 x 69 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.73, "width": 1.76}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "In 1819, Nicolas-Antoine de Castella, general of the Swiss regiments in France, purchased the paintings and placed them in his Castle of Wallenreid, Switzerland; direct descendants; Pierre de Castella, Mannaz, Switzerland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Erato, the muse of lyric and erotic poetry, is often depicted with a golden arrow received from Eros or Cupid, a sign of the emotion that inspires her.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479802"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.2-erato-muse-of-lyrica"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain, Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Jr. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Bracken Sparks, Amy, \"Disappearing Act\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 48 no. 5, May/June 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-05/page/10"}, {"citation": "Meynier, Charles, and Isabelle Mayer-Michalon. Meynier's Masterpiece: The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis : an Important Rediscovery from the Salon of 1800, London : Daniel Katz Gallery, 2019. 26.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26-27, fig. 13.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.6.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "893", "filesize": "370887", "filename": "2003.6.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_print.jpg", "width": "2205", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4875836", "filename": "2003.6.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_full.tif", "width": "4050", "height": "6244", "filesize": "75901368", "filename": "2003.6.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-04-02T13:12:16", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "385168"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5493462"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99894368"}}, {"date_created": "2008-04-02T13:12:45", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "399504"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5296047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99894480"}}, {"date_created": "2008-04-02T14:10:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "372187"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2282", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5343486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2003.6.2/2003.6.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4400", "height": "6557", "filesize": "86586324"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 163041, "creators": [{"id": 44231, "description": "Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Meynier was a recipient of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1789 and became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1815. A history painter, he created the grand decoration for ceilings of the Louvre (1819 and 1822), and produced numerous pictures glorifying the Napoleonic legend, which for the most part remain in the ch\u00e2teau de Versailles. Through the assistance of his brother Meynier Saint-Phal, a famous actor of the Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise who paid for his studies, the artist entered the atelier of the painter Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 Vincent (1746-1816), a principal rival of the master Jacques-Louis David. The studio in which Meynier received his training was known by the students of David as the atelier of the\"perruques,\" (the wigs) the name given to royalists or conservatives during that period.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1832", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": "Before entering the collection, this entire suite of five monumental paintings by Charles Meynier had numerous conservation issues, including pronounced discolored varnish, years of accumulated grime, and canvases that were detaching from their stretchers, creating large buckles along the edges. The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and is likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. At some point, while in the Wallenreid chateau, likely for prudish reasons, the Castella family had an artist paint a drapery over Cupid. Fortunately, the lead white\u2013containing paint of the overpainted drapery was applied over top of an old varnish layer. This barrier of thick, brittle natural resin varnish allowed for the careful and painstaking mechanical removal of the overpainted drapery, revealing the artist\u2019s intended composition. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:31.083000"}, {"id": 123705, "accession_number": "1944.237", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Game of Leap Frog, 1785. Jean Guillaume Moitte (French, 1746\u20131810), Antoine-Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9rard (French, 1760\u20131843). Wax on slate; framed: 30 x 53.5 x 4 cm (11 13/16 x 21 1/16 x 1 9/16 in.); overall: 40.7 cm (16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.237", "current_location": null, "title": "The Game of Leap Frog", "creation_date": "1785", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "wax on slate", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Framed: 30 x 53.5 x 4 cm (11 13/16 x 21 1/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Overall: 40.7 cm (16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.3, "width": 0.535, "depth": 0.04}, "overall": {"length": 0.407}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "Islamic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Cambac\u00e9r\u00e8s, Duc de Parma, Arch Chancellor of the Empire (1753-1824)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Prince Paul Demidoff, Palais de San Donato", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1880", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "J. Pierpont Morgan (sold, Parke-Bernet, New York, March 25, 1944, lot 679)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 25, 1944", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Company, Inc. (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1944", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This decorative frieze follows the design of Moitte, an artist known for reliefs, especially in the beginning stages of his career. Some of Moitte's favorite subjects in this period were Bacchic scenes of antiquity. These images of revelry and sensuousness are based on classical narratives; however, there is no evidence that the ancients played games of leapfrog, and so the subject is Moitte's invention, with a contemporary game of leapfrog performed by the mythical cohorts of Bacchus. The design of the drapery is typical of Moitte, especially the keenly animated dress. Moitte's early technique emulated painting in bas-relief. The sculptor, G\u00e9rard, follows Moitte's design, using the unusual mediums of slate and wax. His technique is not entirely understood, however, it is thought to be a combination of modeling and carving.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901016"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.237-the-game-of-leap-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Thirion, H. Les Adam et Clodion. Paris: A. Quantin, 1885.", "page_number": "p. 410, #679", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. Furniture and Objects of Art, Part Two. 1944.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; distributed by H.N. Abrams, New York, 1964.", "page_number": "cat. #67, repr.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cBack Matter.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 51, no. 8 (October 1964): 206-208.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152013"}, {"citation": "Pyke, E. J. A Biographical Dictionary of Wax Modellers. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Campbell, Richard J. Jean-Guillaume Moitte: The Sculpture and Graphic Art 1785-1799. 1983.", "page_number": "p. 309.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art. 1986.", "page_number": "p. 230", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.237", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.237/1944.237_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "531", "filesize": "405662", "filename": "1944.237_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.237/1944.237_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1430", "filesize": "827898", "filename": "1944.237_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.237/1944.237_full.tif", "width": "6293", "height": "2646", "filesize": "49990116", "filename": "1944.237_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123705, "creators": [{"id": 8601, "description": "Jean Guillaume Moitte (French, 1746\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1746", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 8604, "description": "Antoine-Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9rard (French, 1760\u20131843)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "executed by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1760", "death_year": "1843", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1785", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:54.282000"}, {"id": 148538, "accession_number": "1976.11", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup, later 1700s. Soga Sh\u014dhaku (Japanese, 1730\u20131781). Pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and cut-gold foil on paper; overall: 120 x 352.2 cm (47 1/4 x 138 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1976.11", "current_location": null, "title": "The Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup", "creation_date": "later 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1781, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "pair of six-panel folding screens, ink and cut-gold foil on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 120 x 352.2 cm (47 1/4 x 138 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.2, "width": 3.522}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "Year in Review, 1976. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311497, "title": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan", "description": "Asian Autumn: Splendid Variety: 18th-Century Art in Japan. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1993-March 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Responding to the desires of the middle class (chonin), some late Edo period Japanese painters moved away from the seriousness associated with the Chinese theme of reclusion, focusing instead on the motif\u2019s humorous aspects. The theme Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup is based on a poem by the renowned 8th-century Chinese poet Du Fu about his eight colleagues. These scholars eagerly sought release from their official governmental duties and then supposedly fled the capital for the countryside. There, they engaged in wildly eccentric behavior and adventurous creative work, all fueled by copious amounts of wine. Shohaku\u2019s version of events exaggerates the scholars\u2019 pleasure, as seen in their comical facial expressions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472988"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.11-the-eight-immortals"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 386", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n406"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 50\u201351", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soga Sho\u0304haku: burai to iu yuetsu : tokubetsu tenrankai [\u66fe\u6211\u856d\u767d : \u7121\u983c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6109\u60a6: \u7279\u5225\u5c55\u89a7\u4f1a = Sho\u0304haku show]. [Kyoto]: Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248, cat no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 27a and 27b", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.11", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.11/1976.11_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "641", "filesize": "", "filename": "1976.11_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.11/1976.11_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2421", "filesize": "", "filename": "1976.11_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.11/1976.11_full.tif", "width": "13681", "height": "9741", "filesize": "", "filename": "1976.11_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2010-09-24T12:52:56", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.11/1976.11_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "316", "filesize": "128299"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.11/1976.11_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1195", "filesize": "1532872"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1976.11/1976.11_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13681", "height": "4810", "filesize": "197446480"}}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148538, "creators": [{"id": 35627, "description": "Soga Sh\u014dhaku (Japanese, 1730\u20131781)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u66fe\u6211\u856d\u767d", "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1781", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "later 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Inchu-hatsen-zu: The Eight Immortals of Drinking"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:20.252000"}, {"id": 172782, "accession_number": "1915.216", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Landscape with Streams and Mountains (\uacc4\uc0b0\uc9c4\uacbd\ub3c4), late 1700s or early 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Ink and color on paper with a silk border; painting only: 65.6 x 45.9 cm (25 13/16 x 18 1/16 in.); overall: 68.5 x 50.7 cm (26 15/16 x 19 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1915.216", "current_location": null, "title": "Landscape with Streams and Mountains", "title_in_original_language": "\uacc4\uc0b0\uc9c4\uacbd\ub3c4", "creation_date": "late 1700s or early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Ink and color on paper with a silk border", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 65.6 x 45.9 cm (25 13/16 x 18 1/16 in.); Overall: 68.5 x 50.7 cm (26 15/16 x 19 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.656, "width": 0.459}, "overall": {"height": 0.685, "width": 0.507}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Jean Lawson, New York, NY, sold to the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust as gift for the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1915", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["216.1915"], "did_you_know": "Topographic landscape painting such as this hanging scroll became popular in Korea during the 18th and 19th centuries.", "description": "The tradition of landscape painting that details actual natural sites and captures their topographic features in Korea began in the 1700s and continued onward. Such landscape style based actual sites and the artist's observation is called True-view landscape painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230177"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.216-landscape-with-strea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Through the Eyes of Joseon Painters: Real Scenery Landscapes of Korea [\ud654\uac00\uc758\uc2dc\uc120: \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc2e4\uacbd\uc0b0\uc218\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.216", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.216/1915.216_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "893", "filesize": "109154", "filename": "1915.216_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.216/1915.216_print.jpg", "width": "2389", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1465612", "filename": "1915.216_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.216/1915.216_full.tif", "width": "4424", "height": "6294", "filesize": "83562616", "filename": "1915.216_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172782, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1915-08-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1700s or early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:26.604000"}, {"id": 98655, "accession_number": "1918.354", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vielle \u00e0 roue, 1700s. Pajot of J\u00e1nzat (French). Wood; overall: 73.7 x 33 cm (29 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.354", "current_location": null, "title": "Vielle \u00e0 roue", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 73.7 x 33 cm (29 x 13 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.737, "width": 0.33}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 106611, "description": "The fiddler and the hurdy-gurdy boy, c. 1654\u201356. Adriaen van Ostade (Dutch, 1610\u20131684). Etching; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr. 1924.656", "relationship": null}, {"id": 166592, "description": "The Beggars, c. 1623. Jacques Callot (French, 1592\u20131635). Etching. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Jane B. Tripp Charitable Lead Annuity Trust, 2008.34", "relationship": null}, {"id": 136325, "description": "Two Beggars Fighting, 1610\u201320. Jacques Bellange (French, c. 1575\u20131616). Etching; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Fortieth Anniversary Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland in honor of William Mathewson Milliken 1960.20", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Also known as a \u201churdy-gurdy\u201d or \u201cwheel fiddle,\u201d this instrument produces sound by a hand crank-turned rosined wheel rubbing against the strings.", "description": "The instrumentalist could play melodies on the keyboard that presses tangents against one or more strings. Often there are also multiple drone strings, which give a constant pitch accompaniment to the melody, resulting in a sound similar to that of bagpipes.
This type of instrument is depicted in several artworks in the CMA collection: 1924.656, 2008.34.2, 1960.20.
The vielle \u00e0 roue is also related to the Swedish nyckelharpa, which was featured on the CMA performing arts series in 2017 played by Emilia Amper.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485175"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.354-vielle-a-roue"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (1918): 82-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "D. S. M. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 134-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.354", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.354/1918.354_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "900", "filesize": "199399", "filename": "1918.354_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.354/1918.354_print.jpg", "width": "2411", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1583223", "filename": "1918.354_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.354/1918.354_full.tif", "width": "7477", "height": "10543", "filesize": "236516176", "filename": "1918.354_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2020-09-10T15:46:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "500", "filesize": "185663"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1889", "filesize": "1407377"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10367", "height": "5760", "filesize": "179167308"}}, {"date_created": "2020-09-10T15:48:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "585", "filesize": "201224"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2211", "filesize": "1630057"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10203", "height": "6636", "filesize": "203147260"}}, {"date_created": "2020-09-10T15:50:01", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "825", "height": "900", "filesize": "250996"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3115", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1919288"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5566", "height": "6076", "filesize": "101484400"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-29T13:35:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "900", "filesize": "190941"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2338", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1698383"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6486", "height": "9432", "filesize": "183553264"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-29T15:51:36", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "520", "filesize": "272744"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1965", "filesize": "2378010"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt4_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "8207", "filesize": "349743880"}}, {"date_created": "2020-10-29T16:12:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "882", "height": "900", "filesize": "435583"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3332", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5394087"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.354/1918.354_alt5_full.tif", "width": "7435", "height": "7587", "filesize": "169257616"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98655, "creators": [{"id": 18361, "description": "Pajot of J\u00e1nzat (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "made by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:41.190000"}, {"id": 98661, "accession_number": "1918.359.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Koto (\u7434), early to mid-1800s. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Wood with colored lacquer, sprinkled gold powder (maki-e), glass, textile and cord; overall: 117.8 cm (46 3/8 in.); widest end: 23.8 cm (9 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.359.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Koto", "title_in_original_language": "\u7434", "creation_date": "early to mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Wood with colored lacquer, sprinkled gold powder (maki-e), glass, textile and cord", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 117.8 cm (46 3/8 in.); Widest end: 23.8 cm (9 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.178}, "widest end": {"length": 0.238}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1918.359"], "did_you_know": "The koto descended from the guzheng, a Chinese zither first imported to Japan in the seventh century.", "description": "This koto has an elaborately decorated surface, suggesting that it was meant to be admired as a decorative object rather than played as a musical instrument. The vertical design shows a profusion of chrysanthemum and miscanthus grass above a brushwood fence as well as a pair of butterflies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485204"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.359.a-sono-koto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (October 1918): 82\u201385.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "Moore, Douglas S. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (November 1921): 134\u2013143.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134\u2013137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.359.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "497", "filesize": "161803", "filename": "1918.359.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1876", "filesize": "1056408", "filename": "1918.359.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_full.tif", "width": "10282", "height": "5674", "filesize": "175045044", "filename": "1918.359.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2021-05-10T17:06:18", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "426", "filesize": "148429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1610", "filesize": "827003"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11964", "height": "5665", "filesize": "203352904"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:25:22", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "329", "filesize": "159443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1241", "filesize": "1012642"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13532", "height": "4938", "filesize": "200487844"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:36:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "300", "filesize": "130654"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1135", "filesize": "596071"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt2_full.tif", "width": "12859", "height": "4293", "filesize": "165635260"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:39:33", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "277", "filesize": "127250"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1045", "filesize": "544845"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt3_full.tif", "width": "12859", "height": "3952", "filesize": "152480500"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:42:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "592", "filesize": "179546"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2237", "filesize": "1197594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5942", "height": "3910", "filesize": "69724908"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-10T16:48:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "562", "filesize": "169208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2124", "filesize": "1010948"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.359.a/1918.359.a_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5344", "height": "3339", "filesize": "53556020"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98661, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1918.359", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sono Koto"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:48.363000"}, {"id": 98700, "accession_number": "1918.391", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ritual Drum (damaru), c. 1800. Tibet. Skull bone, cloth, hemp fiber, leather, and skin; overall: 20.4 x 17.8 x 13.1 cm (8 1/16 x 7 x 5 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr., 1918.391", "current_location": null, "title": "Ritual Drum (damaru)", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1820, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Tibet"], "technique": "skull bone, cloth, hemp fiber, leather, and skin", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Tibetan Art", "type": "Musical Instrument", "measurements": "Overall: 20.4 x 17.8 x 13.1 cm (8 1/16 x 7 x 5 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.204, "width": 0.178, "depth": 0.131}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Dancing Shiva, in his form as Nataraja, holds a damaru in one hand.", "description": "Damaru drums are made from the tops of two skulls joined in the center and sounded by rapidly turning it side to side so the ends of the cords fly up to sound against the stretched skin. In Hindu and Buddhist rituals, the rhythm of the damaru references the ongoing, relentless beat of time. The material of bone reminds practitioners of the inevitability of death in the course of time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485400"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.391-ritual-drum-damaru"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 5, no. 8/9 (1918): 82-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136230"}, {"citation": "D. S. M. \"Exhibition of Musical Instruments.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 8, no. 9 (1921): 134-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136517"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.391", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.391/1918.391_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "791", "filesize": "205939", "filename": "1918.391_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.391/1918.391_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2989", "filesize": "1733894", "filename": "1918.391_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.391/1918.391_full.tif", "width": "5840", "height": "5134", "filesize": "89973552", "filename": "1918.391_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "794", "filesize": "210572"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2998", "filesize": "1805914"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5840", "height": "5150", "filesize": "90253400"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-11T17:13:10", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "799", "filesize": "199339"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3018", "filesize": "1689913"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5840", "height": "5183", "filesize": "90832092"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-11T17:29:52", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "793", "filesize": "202932"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2995", "filesize": "1719377"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5840", "height": "5144", "filesize": "90150208"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-11T17:40:11", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "796", "filesize": "189095"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3007", "filesize": "1545697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5840", "height": "5165", "filesize": "90516528"}}, {"date_created": "2021-06-28T17:24:44", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "771", "filesize": "202986"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2914", "filesize": "1674385"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4902", "height": "4202", "filesize": "61820592"}}, {"date_created": "2021-06-28T17:31:39", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "728", "filesize": "204420"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2751", "filesize": "1710279"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5218", "height": "4222", "filesize": "66117268"}}, {"date_created": "2021-06-28T17:38:55", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "679", "filesize": "195502"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2566", "filesize": "1612826"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1918.391/1918.391_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5466", "height": "4125", "filesize": "67667464"}}], "creditline": "The Charles G. King Jr. collection; Gift of Ralph King in memory of Charles G. King Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98700, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Drum"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:07:21.460000"}, {"id": 103729, "accession_number": "1921.669", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "String for Men's Hat (\uac13\ub048 (\u51a0\u7dac)), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Wood; overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John L. Severance, 1921.669", "current_location": null, "title": "String for Men's Hat", "title_in_original_language": "\uac13\ub048 (\u51a0\u7dac)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.38}, "each bead": {"width": 0.015, "length": 0.012}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This bead string was attached to men's hats called a gat during the Joseon period.", "description": "Made of either agarwood or red sandalwood, this bead string was once attached to a man's hat called a gat. Each bead bears an inscribed image of fish, birds, frogs, flowers, a boy holding a peach, and some characters of auspicious meanings such as longevity and good fortune.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79508800"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.669-string-for-men-s-hat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "An, My\u014fng-suk. \u201cNamja polsik\u201d in Han\u2019guk poksiksa. S\u014ful : Yehaksa, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.102, fig. 4-44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 237, no. 132", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.669", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.669/1921.669_web.jpg", "width": "795", "height": "893", "filesize": "476639", "filename": "1921.669_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.669/1921.669_print.jpg", "width": "3026", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7194249", "filename": "1921.669_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.669/1921.669_full.tif", "width": "3588", "height": "4031", "filesize": "43430204", "filename": "1921.669_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2008-11-26T18:35:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.669/1921.669_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "781", "height": "893", "filesize": "461773"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.669/1921.669_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2974", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7195744"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1921.669/1921.669_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3530", "height": "4036", "filesize": "42778896"}}], "creditline": "Gift of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 103729, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:09.662000"}, {"id": 112962, "accession_number": "1931.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Portrait of Rosa with a Shoulder Stick, c. 1735. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black chalk heightened with white chalk, stumped; sheet: 39.3 x 31.3 cm (15 1/2 x 12 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Margaret Huntington Smith McCarthy Fund, 1931.59", "current_location": null, "title": "A Portrait of Rosa with a Shoulder Stick", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black chalk heightened with white chalk, stumped", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper, faded to light brown", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 39.3 x 31.3 cm (15 1/2 x 12 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.393, "width": 0.313}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347343, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "Venice as City and Theater. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, Venice As City and Theater (Feb. 27-Apr. 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books (Nov. 20, 1983-Feb. 26, 1984), no. 30, illus.", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition (Mar. 3, 1958-Oct. 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"End of Continuous Exhibition of CMA Old Master Drawings in Director's Corridor in Old Bldg.\" (closed Mar. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (rearranged: Jan. 21, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 30-Dec. 8, 1950; rehung Jan. 8, 1951, \"with small changes\").", "opening_date": "1950-06-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May. 14, 1946- ).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (July 27, 1944- ).", "opening_date": "1944-07-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore Museum of Art, Three Baroque Masters: Strozzi, Crespi, and Piazzetta (Apr. 28-June 4, 1944), no. 49.", "opening_date": "1944-04-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Paintings and Drawings from the Collection\" (Dec. 14, 1943-Jan. 4, 1944).", "opening_date": "1943-12-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Mar. 4-Apr., 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old Italian Masters from the Collection (June 5, 1940-Feb. 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 4-Mar. 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection (June 21-Sep. 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Tiepolo and His Contemporaries (Mar. 18-Apr. 24, 1938), no. 35, illus.", "opening_date": "1938-03-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"40 Drawings from the Museum Collection\" (May 28-Nov. 7, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (Nov. 8-Dec. 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings of the Period Shown with the Louise Tifft Brown Lace Bequest\" (Dec. 12, 1933-Jan. 1, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (June 21-Dec. 11, 1933). [?: title given: Head of a Young Man (?)]", "opening_date": "1933-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Exhibition of Drawings from 1630 to 1830 in the Classic and Romantic Tradition (Dec. 7, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (Apr. 1, 1931-Nov. 12, 1932).", "opening_date": "1931-04-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Italico Brass, Venice (according to Knox, 1983, no. 30); H.W. Parsons (Knox, 1983, no. 30)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745743"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.59-a-portrait-of-rosa-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Five Portrait Drawings by Piazetta.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 18, no. 4 (April 1931): 73-76.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74-75; Reproduced: p. 79", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137379"}, {"citation": "Knox, George, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 95, cat. no. 30", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.59", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.59/1931.59_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "116597", "filename": "1931.59_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.59/1931.59_print.jpg", "width": "2763", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2197310", "filename": "1931.59_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.59/1931.59_full.tif", "width": "5892", "height": "7249", "filesize": "128156240", "filename": "1931.59_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Margaret Huntington Smith McCarthy Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112962, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Head of a Young Woman"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:10:27.740000"}, {"id": 114063, "accession_number": "1933.343", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Band with Various Fantastic Creatures and Vegetal Patterns, 1800s. Italy, 1800s. Bleached linen (est.): needle lace, filet/lacis (knotted ground and darned in two directions); overall: 24.7 x 316.5 cm (9 3/4 x 124 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Louise Tifft Brown, 1933.343", "current_location": null, "title": "Band with Various Fantastic Creatures and Vegetal Patterns", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 1800s"], "technique": "Bleached linen (est.): needle lace, filet/lacis (knotted ground and darned in two directions)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Lace", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 24.7 x 316.5 cm (9 3/4 x 124 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.247, "width": 3.165}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The square showing a man in midair above a bull-like creature is reminiscent of the Minoan \"Bull Leaping\" fresco at the Knossos palace complex.", "description": "The reversed and backward orientation of many of the squares in this band of lace suggests that this was not their original layout. They were most likely taken apart and later joined back together in a disoriented manner.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006665"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1933.343-band-with-various-fa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"Louise Tifft Brown Bequest of Lace.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 20, no. 10 (1933): 157-59.", "page_number": "157-159", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137585."}, {"citation": "Simeon, Margaret. The History of Lace. London: Stainer and Bell, 1979.", "page_number": "plate 4", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1933.343", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.343/1933.343_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "95", "filesize": "72871", "filename": "1933.343_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.343/1933.343_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "360", "filesize": "619549", "filename": "1933.343_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.343/1933.343_full.tif", "width": "44084", "height": "4663", "filesize": "616726224", "filename": "1933.343_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2018-04-25T15:46:15", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1933.343/1933.343_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "531", "filesize": "258610"}, "print": {"url": 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"width": "3400", "height": "1669", "filesize": "2847487"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1933.343/1933.343_alt7_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "3927", "filesize": "94280932"}}], "creditline": "Bequest of Louise Tifft Brown", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114063, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1933-10-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Strip of Needlepoint (Darned Netting) Lace Cloth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:00:31.334000"}, {"id": 115447, "accession_number": "1936.221", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fragment of a Band with Geometric Pattern and Floral Motif, 1800s. Italy, 1800s. Cotton (est.): needle lace, burato (twined ground and darned in one direction); overall: 5.9 x 48 cm (2 5/16 x 18 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Frances McIntosh Sherwin Collection, 1936.221", "current_location": null, "title": "Fragment of a Band with Geometric Pattern and Floral Motif", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 1800s"], "technique": "Cotton (est.): needle lace, burato (twined ground and darned in one direction)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Lace", "type": "Lace", "measurements": "Overall: 5.9 x 48 cm (2 5/16 x 18 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.059, "width": 0.48}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Books of patterns for lace making and other needlework were aimed at well-to-do women and girls to encourage domestic virtue.", "description": "A scrolling vine with budding vegetation or a tendril is a recurring pattern in needle lace. The frequent use of the motif, adapted in lace from different centuries and regions, suggests that it was found in a pattern book.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008749"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ricci, Elisa. Old Italian Lace. 1913.", "page_number": "vol. 1 no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"The Frances McIntosh Sherwin Collection of Lace.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 23, no. 4 (1936): 53-54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137765.", "page_number": "53-54", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.221", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.221/1936.221_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "133", "filesize": "96861", "filename": "1936.221_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.221/1936.221_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "501", "filesize": "812556", "filename": "1936.221_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.221/1936.221_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "1178", "filesize": "28300992", "filename": "1936.221_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Frances McIntosh Sherwin Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115447, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-02-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Needlepoint (Buratto or Darned Netting) Lace Cloth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:06:37.030000"}, {"id": 133712, "accession_number": "1956.325", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses, 1704\u201331. Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662). Tapestry weave; average: 327.7 x 322.6 cm (129 x 127 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum, 1956.325", "current_location": null, "title": "Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses", "creation_date": "1704\u201331", "creation_date_earliest": 1704, "creation_date_latest": 1731, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Average: 327.7 x 322.6 cm (129 x 127 in.)", "dimensions": {"average": {"height": 3.277, "width": 3.226}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Matthias Plum (Bertha Andrews Rainey Plum) [1909-1976], New York, NY, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During the French Revolution, Gobelins tapestries were sometimes disassembled to harvest the gold threads.", "description": "Each tapestry illustrates a scene from Metamorphoses, written by the ancient Roman poet Ovid. The poem is comprised of fifteen books and contains more than 250 myths. These tapestries were produced in Paris by the royal Gobelins Manufactory during the 1700s. Gobelins was founded in 1662 for the purpose of furnishing French royal homes with the highest quality textiles. Gold and silver thread and silk were woven together to create luxurious tapestries like these.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q78802881"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.325-set-of-ovid-s-metamo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Malloy, Katherine R. \u201cThree Eighteenth-Century Gobelins Tapestries.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 2 (1957): 24\u201327.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 24; Mentioned: P. 24-27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142185"}, {"citation": "Standen, Edith A. \u201cOvid\u2019s \u2018Metamorphoses\u2019: A Gobelins Tapestry Series.\u201d Metropolitan Museum Journal 23 (1988): 149\u2013191.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 159, 162-163, 167, 171-173, 188; Reproduced: P. 164, 166, 172", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1512852"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.325", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325/1956.325_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "280", "filesize": "213066", "filename": "1956.325_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325/1956.325_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1057", "filesize": "1624012", "filename": "1956.325_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325/1956.325_full.tif", "width": "33436", "height": "10391", "filesize": "1042322832", "filename": "1956.325_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2007-10-18T00:00:00", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325/1956.325_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "894", "height": "900", "filesize": "428907"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325/1956.325_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3377", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4250785"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325/1956.325_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3639", "height": "3664", "filesize": "40043484"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-17T10:57:27", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325/1956.325_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "879", "height": "900", "filesize": "470699"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325/1956.325_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3321", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4606259"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325/1956.325_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4206", "height": "4306", "filesize": "54386420"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133712, "creators": [{"id": 8592, "description": "Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "For more information: http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000032919", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-08-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1704, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1704\u201331", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:00.216000"}, {"id": 133713, "accession_number": "1956.325.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Diana's Return from the Chase (from Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses), 1704\u20131731. Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662). Tapestry weave; overall: 322.5 x 326 cm (126 15/16 x 128 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum, 1956.325.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Diana's Return from the Chase (from Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses)", "creation_date": "1704\u20131731", "creation_date_earliest": 1704, "creation_date_latest": 1731, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 322.5 x 326 cm (126 15/16 x 128 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.225, "width": 3.26}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Matthias Plum (Bertha Andrews Rainey Plum) [1909-1976], New York, NY, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1956.325"], "did_you_know": "During the French Revolution, Gobelins tapestries were sometimes disassembled to harvest the gold threads.", "description": "This tapestry\u2019s elaborate border emulates a gilt picture frame, a key characteristic of eighteenth-century Gobelins tapestries. It portrays the goddess Diana at two distinct moments, during and following the hunt, the first accompanied by three dogs, and the second reclining among five attendants. The figures are positioned in a lush landscape near a small stream. A putto, poised to place an arrow in his bow, hovers above Diana. Goddess of the hunt and associated with wild animals and the moon, Diana can be identified by the crescent worn above her forehead. 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"gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133713, "creators": [{"id": 8592, "description": "Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "For more information: http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000032919", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-08-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1704, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1704\u20131731", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1956.325", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:05:01.213000"}, {"id": 133714, "accession_number": "1956.325.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flora and Zephyrus (from Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses), 1704\u20131731. Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662). Tapestry weave; overall: 324.5 x 295 cm (127 3/4 x 116 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum, 1956.325.2", "current_location": null, "title": "Flora and Zephyrus (from Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses)", "creation_date": "1704\u20131731", "creation_date_earliest": 1704, "creation_date_latest": 1731, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 324.5 x 295 cm (127 3/4 x 116 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.245, "width": 2.95}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Matthias Plum (Bertha Andrews Rainey Plum) [1909-1976], New York, NY, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1956.326"], "did_you_know": "During the French Revolution, Gobelins tapestries were sometimes disassembled to harvest the gold threads.", "description": "In an abundant garden of trees and flowers, the goddess Flora sits beneath a vase of luscious flowers as her husband, the west wind Zephyrus, carried by a white cloud, reaches out to crown her with a floral chaplet. In this tapestry, Zephyrus\u2019s wings resemble those of a butterfly or moth rather than a bird. The ravishing landscape echoes Flora and Zephyrus as springtime divinities. The parrot in the foreground is a colorful intermediary between the viewer and the gods represented in this tapestry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755023"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.325.2-flora-and-zephyrus-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Malloy, Katherine R. \u201cThree Eighteenth-Century Gobelins Tapestries.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 2 (1957): 24\u201327.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 25-27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142185"}, {"citation": "Standen, Edith A. \u201cOvid\u2019s \u2018Metamorphoses\u2019: A Gobelins Tapestry Series.\u201d Metropolitan Museum Journal 23 (1988): 149\u2013191.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 171-173, 188; Reproduced: P. 172, fig. 30", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1512852"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.325.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_web.jpg", "width": "823", "height": "900", "filesize": "463292", "filename": "1956.325.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_print.jpg", "width": "3110", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5255063", "filename": "1956.325.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_full.tif", "width": "9609", "height": "10504", "filesize": "302828740", "filename": "1956.325.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "893", "filesize": "764270"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3377", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9790795"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3639", "height": "3664", "filesize": "40052244"}}, {"date_created": "2017-07-17T09:44:39.026000", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "820", "height": "900", "filesize": "461351"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3097", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4454452"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4099", "height": "4500", "filesize": "55388924"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-25T11:24:42", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "383722"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5146009"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "14204", "filesize": "453932044"}}, {"date_created": "2021-05-25T11:27:29", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "900", "filesize": "393280"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2476", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5093579"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.2/1956.325.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "10229", "height": "14049", "filesize": "431150072"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133714, "creators": [{"id": 8592, "description": "Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "For more information: http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000032919", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-08-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1704, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1704\u20131731", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1956.325", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:05.961000"}, {"id": 133715, "accession_number": "1956.325.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Apollo and the Serpent Python (from Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses), 1700\u20131730. Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662), after Nicolas Bertin (French, 1668\u20131736). Tapestry weave; overall: 328 x 393 cm (129 1/8 x 154 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum, 1956.325.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Apollo and the Serpent Python (from Set of Ovid's Metamorphoses)", "creation_date": "1700\u20131730", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1730, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 328 x 393 cm (129 1/8 x 154 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.28, "width": 3.93}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1956.327"], "did_you_know": "During the French Revolution, Gobelins tapestries were sometimes disassembled to harvest the gold threads.", "description": "Apollo\u2019s dynamic posture with his right arm pulled back and his left holding a bow indicates that he has just shot the arrow piercing the snarling serpent\u2019s throat and body. Apollo\u2019s triumph over powerful Python, the fearsome serpent offspring of Mother Earth or Gaia, boosted his ego tremendously, leading to his tragically unsuccessful pursuit of Daphne. The regally dressed hunter and his prey are seen alone in an environment teeming with natural life that includes a pumpkin patch. In the creation of this textile, the manufacturer used blue and yellow dye to create the color green which has since degraded, causing the pumpkins and their leaves to appear blue.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.325.3-apollo-and-the-serpe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Malloy, Katherine R. \u201cThree Eighteenth-Century Gobelins Tapestries.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 44, no. 2 (1957): 24\u201327.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 25-27; Reproduced: P. 24", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142185"}, {"citation": "Standen, Edith A. \u201cOvid\u2019s \u2018Metamorphoses\u2019: A Gobelins Tapestry Series.\u201d Metropolitan Museum Journal 23 (1988): 149\u2013191.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 162, 167, 188; Reproduced: P. 166, fig. 23", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1512852"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.325.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325.3/1956.325.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "759", "filesize": "427127", "filename": "1956.325.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325.3/1956.325.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2866", "filesize": "4449821", "filename": "1956.325.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.325.3/1956.325.3_full.tif", "width": "12434", "height": "10482", "filesize": "391028620", "filename": "1956.325.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.3/1956.325.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1069", "height": "893", "filesize": "898297"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1956.325.3/1956.325.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2839", "filesize": "7752179"}, "full": {"url": 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"13695", "filesize": "430927328"}}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Matthias Plum", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133715, "creators": [{"id": 8592, "description": "Gobelins Manufactory (France, Paris, est. 1662)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "For more information: http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000032919", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1799", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 25674, "description": "Nicolas Bertin (French, 1668\u20131736)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1668", "death_year": "1736", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-08-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700\u20131730", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1956.325", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:24.499000"}, {"id": 151124, "accession_number": "1983.1036", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bowl (\uc720\uae30\uc644 (\u936e\u5668\u7897)), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Bronze; overall: 7.3 cm (2 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Helen L. Marshall, 1983.1036", "current_location": null, "title": "Bowl", "title_in_original_language": "\uc720\uae30\uc644 (\u936e\u5668\u7897)", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 7.3 cm (2 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.073}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.162}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.092}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Helen L. Marshall, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1983", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This bronze bowl may have been used in family rituals such as ancestral worship ceremonies in the Joseon period.", "description": "In ancestor veneration rituals, deceased parents or ancestors are sanctified as spirits who are believed to oversee their descendants. Three times a year, once at the lunar new year, once at the person\u2019s death date, and once at the time of the mid-autumn festival, food would be placed on the table for the ancestors, including fruits, rice, meat, and rice wine. During these ceremonies the worshippers\u2019 attitude was as reverential toward the objects meant to embody the ancestors\u2019 spirits as that toward a living parent. This cup may have been used for ancestral rituals to contain rice wine.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79934334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.1036-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "An, Gui-sook, Korean Bronze Artisans [\uc720\uae30\uc7a5]. Seoul: Hwasan munhwa, 2002.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. 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Collector's label on base: \"Mr. Garland 888\".
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"], "date": "", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "J. P. Morgan [1837\u20131913], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Collector's label on base: \"Morgan Collection 1112\"
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Collector's label on base: \"Dr. Anton C.R. Dreesmann Collection J151\"
"], "date": "1990\u20132000", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s London, England, April 16, 2002 sale, lot 414)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 16, 2002", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private collection, The Netherlands", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002?\u20132018", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Vanderven Oriental Art, \u2019s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["
Vanderven label on base
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Blondel Del el Fecit.\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Imprinted on recto: \u201cTo his Royal Highness\u2019 William Henry Duke \nof Gloucester Hc.Hc.Hc. this plate is with all Humility Dedicated \nby his Highness\u2019s most humble and most ob [illegible]?/Published \naccording to Act of Parliament by G.F. Blondel/G.F. Blondel\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Watermark: Grand-J\u00e9sus stock of T. Dupuy, watermark Name of Jesus (IHS), countermark T Dupuy Fin Auvergne 1742", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Pitt, first Baron Camelford (1737\u20131793), Boconnoc, Cornwall", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By descent until the 2010s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "sale, Dreweatts Bloomsbury, London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 22, 2017", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(C.G. 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Haumont, 1945.", "page_number": "mentioned p. 86", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.250.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.250.6/2022.250.6_web.jpg", "width": "610", "height": "900", "filesize": "260685", "filename": "2022.250.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.250.6/2022.250.6_print.jpg", "width": "2304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3422748", "filename": "2022.250.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.250.6/2022.250.6_full.tif", "width": "6871", "height": "10141", "filesize": "209065480", "filename": "2022.250.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2023-05-04T15:19:28", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.250.6/2022.250.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "610", "height": "900", "filesize": "223114"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.250.6/2022.250.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3295611"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.250.6/2022.250.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6871", "height": "10141", "filesize": "209064048"}}], "creditline": "Carole W. and Charles B. Rosenblatt Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 523459, "creators": [{"id": 13742, "description": "Jean Baptiste Pillement (French, 1728\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "In the early part of his career, he worked as a textile designer at the Gobelins factory, and as a decorative painter in Spain and Portugal. He eventually moved to London, where in 1755 he published the first of many books of Chinoiserie designs. However, he was most well-known for his prints of flowers. 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Glass beads, sinew, and hide; overall: 64.1 x 27.6 cm (25 1/4 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2022.49.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal ceremonial headdress (umnqwazi)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Southern Africa, South Africa, Southeast Cape Region, Unknown female Xhosa-style maker(s)"], "technique": "Glass beads, sinew, and hide", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 64.1 x 27.6 cm (25 1/4 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.641, "width": 0.276}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Peter Miller collection, Cape Town, SA (sold via Ashbey\u2019s Galleries, Cape Town, late 1985 or early 1986)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u2013late 1985 or early 1986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Lionel Finneran and Marion Philips collection, Cape Town, SA/New York 1986\u20131990", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986\u20131990", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Philips Collection (by divorce), New York, NY 1990\u20131997", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990\u20131997", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Axis Gallery NY/NJ, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997\u20132022", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2022\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The beads to make an ensemble like this cost several cattle in the early 1800s, an amount most couldn't afford.", "description": "Elite Xhosa women once wore beaded garments like this on festive occasions. Made almost completely from imported Venetian or Bohemian glass beads, they were overt status symbols. Imported beads functioned as money for the Xhosa between circa 1770 and 1829. These garments\u2019 female maker carefully selected beads of the highest quality, uniform in color, shape, and size. Made in the same shape as the pendant, a swallowtail-shaped apron (CMA 2010.206) worn under the skirt completed the ensemble.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247287"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.49.a-royal-ceremonial-hea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Van Wyk, Gary. \u201cIlluminated Signs. Style and Meaning in the Beadwork of the Xhosa- and Zulu-Speaking Peoples.\u201d African Arts 36, no. 3 (2003): 12\u201394. Fig. 7a.", "page_number": "18", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3337941"}, {"citation": "Pemberton, John. African Beaded Art: Power and Adornment. Northampton, Mass: Smith College Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "pp. 170\u2013172", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.49.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.49.a/2022.49.a_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "271109", "filename": "2022.49.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.49.a/2022.49.a_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2102141", "filename": "2022.49.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.49.a/2022.49.a_full.tif", "width": "9248", "height": "13848", "filesize": "384227484", "filename": "2022.49.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"date_created": "2022-07-07T14:16:20", "annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.49.a/2022.49.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "190211"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.49.a/2022.49.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2272", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1546111"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/2022.49.a/2022.49.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9248", "height": "13842", "filesize": "384060524"}}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 456947, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-06-06T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2022.49", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:04:29.057000"}, {"id": 518715, "accession_number": "2022.94", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Luton Park, Bedfordshire, 1760s. Paul Sandby (British, 1731\u20131809). Watercolor over pencil, heightened with bodycolor and pen and gray ink on laid paper; matted: 49.1 x 104.9 cm (19 5/16 x 41 5/16 in.); sheet: 45.1 x 100.6 cm (17 3/4 x 39 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2022.94", "current_location": null, "title": "Luton Park, Bedfordshire", "creation_date": "1760s", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor over pencil, heightened with bodycolor and pen and gray ink on laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Matted: 49.1 x 104.9 cm (19 5/16 x 41 5/16 in.); Sheet: 45.1 x 100.6 cm (17 3/4 x 39 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.451, "width": 1.006}, "matted": {"height": 0.491, "width": 1.049}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby's, London, England), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2022", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 12, 2022-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Earl of Bute, owner of the estate depicted in this watercolor, was the favorite minister of King George III of England.", "description": "Paul Sandby\u2019s Luton Park, Bedfordshire, belongs to a set of twelve views commissioned by John, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713\u20131792) in the mid-1760s. After a period of public life, Bute retreated to the country, purchasing Luton Park north of London, and commissioning Paul Sandby to make watercolors recording the estate\u2019s buildings and grounds. In Sandby\u2019s subtle but luminous style, the present drawing depicts the fields outside the estate\u2019s Palladian-style gatehouse, which appears on the right, nestled among trees. Wheat fields and trees populate the distant vista, and, in the center, one sees a view of the Luton castle. The work stayed together with all twelve of Sandby\u2019s drawings in an album at Luton Park until it was discovered in 1996.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115755129"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.94-luton-park-bedfordsh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Works of Art from the Bute Collection. 1996.", "page_number": "p. 202-203, lot 109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). Master Works on Paper from Five Centuries. 2022.", "page_number": "Lot 48", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.94", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.94/2022.94_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "411", "filesize": "207848", "filename": "2022.94_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.94/2022.94_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1554", "filesize": "2180950", "filename": "2022.94_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.94/2022.94_full.tif", "width": "12810", "height": "5854", "filesize": "224997704", "filename": "2022.94_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 518715, "creators": [{"id": 5655, "description": "Paul Sandby (British, 1731\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1731", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-09-12T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1760s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:02:47.635000"}, {"id": 543334, "accession_number": "2023.120", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lilac, 1800\u20131805. Philipp Otto Runge (German, 1777\u20131810). Silhouette cut from off-white laid paper mounted to modern blue laid paper; sheet: 39.4 x 27 cm (15 1/2 x 10 5/8 in.); matted: 55.9 x 40.6 cm (22 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2023.120", "current_location": null, "title": "Lilac", "creation_date": "1800\u20131805", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "Silhouette cut from off-white laid paper mounted to modern blue laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "Prints", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 39.4 x 27 cm (15 1/2 x 10 5/8 in.); Matted: 55.9 x 40.6 cm (22 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"secondary support": {"height": 0.302, "width": 0.167}, "overall as mounted (both pieces)": {"height": 0.402, "width": 0.3}, "sheet": {"height": 0.394, "width": 0.27}, "matted": {"height": 0.559, "width": 0.406}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philipp Otto Runge (the artist) [1777\u20131810]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c.1805", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Collection of the Hamburg artist family Speckter (directly from Philipp Otto Runge)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1820-late 1880s", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Villa Griesbach, Berlin, Germany), sold to C.G. Boerner, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 1, 2023", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(C.G. Boerner, New York, NY), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2023", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 11, 2023\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Plants and landscape were one of Philipp Otto Runge\u2019s favorite subjects and he once wrote \u201cIs there not then in this new art\u2014call it landscape if you like\u2014a highest point to be achieved?\u201d", "description": "Lilac belongs to a series of cut-out silhouettes created by Philipp Otto Runge around the early 1800s. Each presents a plant or flower in exacting detail, including each petal and leaf. The technique used was a traditional folk practice, which Runge learned early on from his mother. He ultimately produced well over one hundred such works, which he occasionally gave as gifts; this work, for example, was offered by the artist to the Specktors, a Hamburg based family of artists.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123115819"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.120-lilac"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Richter, Cornelia. Philipp Otto Runge: Ich wei\u03b2 eine sch\u00f6ne Blume, Werkverzeichnis der Scherenschnitte (Munich: Schirmer, 1981).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 131, no. 144.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts (Berlin: Grisebach, 2023).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 144.", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Richter 144", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.120", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.120/2023.120_web.jpg", "width": "548", "height": "900", "filesize": "238684", "filename": "2023.120_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.120/2023.120_print.jpg", "width": "2072", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3324547", "filename": "2023.120_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.120/2023.120_full.tif", "width": "4633", "height": "7601", "filesize": "105676300", "filename": "2023.120_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 543334, "creators": [{"id": 543331, "description": "Philipp Otto Runge (German, 1777\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "German painter, draftsman, and etcher, 1777-1810", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1777", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-09-11T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800\u20131805", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:48.741000"}, {"id": 540586, "accession_number": "2023.45", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jupiter (in the guise of Diana) and Callisto, 1733. Jacob de Wit (Dutch, 1695\u20131754). Black chalk, pen and ink, brown and gray wash, watercolor, gouache, white heightening and brown ink framing lines; sheet: 48.6 x 34.9 cm (19 1/8 x 13 3/4 in.); matted: 54.8 x 40.3 cm (21 9/16 x 15 7/8 in.); platemark: 44.8 x 30.8 cm (17 5/8 x 12 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 2023.45", "current_location": null, "title": "Jupiter (in the guise of Diana) and Callisto", "creation_date": "1733", "creation_date_earliest": 1733, "creation_date_latest": 1733, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "black chalk, pen and ink, brown and gray wash, watercolor, gouache, white heightening and brown ink framing lines", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Dutch", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 48.6 x 34.9 cm (19 1/8 x 13 3/4 in.); Matted: 54.8 x 40.3 cm (21 9/16 x 15 7/8 in.); Platemark: 44.8 x 30.8 cm (17 5/8 x 12 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"platemark": {"height": 0.448, "width": 0.308}, "sheet": {"height": 0.486, "width": 0.349}, "matted": {"height": 0.548, "width": 0.403}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jonas Witsen, Amsterdam (1705-1767)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Hendrik van Maarseveen. His sale, Amsterdam, 28 October 1793, lot B3 (with its pendant Jupiter and Mnemosyne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "J. Goll van Franckenstein (L. 2987), with his number N\u00b0 3784. (verso)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Isendoorn \u00e0 Blois. His sale, Amsterdam, 18 December 1879, lot 180 (probably to Langerhuizen)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "P. Langerhuizen. His sale, Amsterdam, 29 April 1919, lot 689 (with Jupiter and Mnemosyne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Gebr. Douwes, Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "W.J.R. Dreesmann", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "with Haboldt & Co., Paris, until 2003", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "private collection, France, until December 2022", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Onno van Seggelen Fine Arts, Rotterdamn, The Netherlands), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-2023", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 5, 2023-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The elegant hunting dogs in this composition appear in the background in a faint vignette that features Diana hunting a deer with a bow and arrow.", "description": "The beautiful Callisto was a follower of the goddess Diana. According to Ovid\u2019s Metamorphosis, she was seduced by Jupiter, who fooled her by appearing in the guise of Diana. Here, the eagle at Diana\u2019s back is the only indicator that Jupiter is present. Such scenes of the loves and misdeeds of the gods were popular in Amsterdam at the beginning of the 1700s, and Jacob De Wit\u2019s primary employment was making large paintings destined for the dining and sitting rooms of stately homes. De Wit also made finished drawings, as here, which were prized for their fresh colors, easy movements, and playfulness.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120401469"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.45-jupiter-in-the-guise"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Staring, Adolph. Jacob de Wit, 1695-1754. [Aangeboden aan de leden van het Koninklijk Oudheidkundig Genootschap ter gelegenheid van zijn 100-jarig bestaan]. Amsterdam: P.N. van Kampen, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 193, no. 95; illustrated.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "te Rijdt, Robert-Jan A. \u201cJacob de Wit,\u201d Delineavit et Sculpsit (March 1997).", "page_number": "no. 17, p. 62, note 2.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.45", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.45/2023.45_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "900", "filesize": "357740", "filename": "2023.45_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.45/2023.45_print.jpg", "width": "2316", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3954841", "filename": "2023.45_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.45/2023.45_full.tif", "width": "5473", "height": "8033", "filesize": "131926328", "filename": "2023.45_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 540586, "creators": [{"id": 13479, "description": "Jacob de Wit (Dutch, 1695\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-06-05T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1733, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1733", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-03-26 23:59:58.847000"}]}
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