{
"data": {
"id": 95287,
"accession_number": "1916.1056",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Summer, 1891. Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (French, 1824\u20131898). Oil on fabric; framed: 189.5 x 270.5 x 14.6 cm (74 5/8 x 106 1/2 x 5 3/4 in.); unframed: 149.6 x 232.4 cm (58 7/8 x 91 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1056",
"current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism",
"title": "Summer",
"creation_date": "1891",
"creation_date_earliest": 1891,
"creation_date_latest": 1891,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"France, 19th century"
],
"technique": "oil on fabric",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 189.5 x 270.5 x 14.6 cm (74 5/8 x 106 1/2 x 5 3/4 in.); Unframed: 149.6 x 232.4 cm (58 7/8 x 91 1/2 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 1.895,
"height_inch": 74,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.625,
"width": 2.705,
"width_inch": 106,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5,
"depth": 0.146,
"depth_inch": 5,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.75
},
"unframed": {
"height": 1.496,
"height_inch": 58,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.875,
"width": 2.324,
"width_inch": 91,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Signed lower left: P. Puvis de Chavannes / 91\r\n",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 312517,
"title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition",
"description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).",
"opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 312333,
"title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections",
"description": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).",
"opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 312176,
"title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans",
"description": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).",
"opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311898,
"title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition",
"description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).",
"opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338198,
"title": "Puvis de Chavannes: Public and Private Works",
"description": "Puvis de Chavannes: Public and Private Works. Van Gogh Museum (organizer) (February 25-May 29, 1994).",
"opening_date": "1994-02-25T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 222616,
"title": "Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso",
"description": "Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (February 10-June 16, 2002).",
"opening_date": "2002-02-10T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 182153,
"title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).",
"opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 205846,
"title": "Gauguin, C\u00e9zanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia",
"description": "Gauguin, C\u00e9zanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (June 20-September 3, 2012).",
"opening_date": "2012-06-20T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "World's Columbian Exposition. Art Palace, Chicago, IL (1893).",
"opening_date": "1893-01-01T05:00:00Z"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Bought from the artist by Durand-Ruel, Paris (stock number 1882), 29 October 1891.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1891-1892",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Sold to Durand-Ruel, New York (stock number 864), 5 January 1892.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1892",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, January 5, 1892, no. 864.)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1892",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, November 16, 1892 sold to Jeptha H. Wade)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1892",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "Jeptha H. Wade [1811-1980] Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art,1916",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1892-1916",
"sortorder": 6
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1916-",
"sortorder": 7
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Puvis de Chavannes was considered one of the foremost artists in France in the second half of the 1800, and was particularly admired for his murals. This painting is a version of a mural he painted in 1889, which was particularly difficult because the wall had a door in the middle.",
"description": "This painting is a smaller version of a mural on the same subject painted for the H\u00f4tel de Ville in Paris, which has a companion mural titled Winter. A writer at the time described Summer as \"filled with joy, happiness, rest, and the apotheosis of life.\" Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, and Pablo Picasso were among the many modernists influenced by Puvis de Chavannes\u2019s dreamlike themes and anti-naturalistic style of simplified, flattened forms.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502429"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1056-summer"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Godet, Pierre. \"Puvis de Chavannes et la Peinture d'Aujourd'hui.\" Art Decoratif (January, 1912): 43.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Warner, Langdon. \"The Wade Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art IV, no. 1 (January, 1917): 3-4.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p.3; Reproduced: p. 16",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"The Wade Collection.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 4, no. 1 (1917): 3-12.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; reproduced: p. 10",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"
},
{
"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"Some Recent Acquisitions of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Art and Archaeology VI, no. 1 (July, 1917): 41-49.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Whiting, Frederic Allen. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Art and Archaeology XVI, no. 4/5 (November, 1923): 186-194.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n32"
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William M., \"In Memorium Jeptha Homer Wade.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XIII, no. 4. (April 1926): 76.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: p. 76",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Werth, Le\u0301on. Puvis de Chavannes. Paris, France: Les E\u0301ditions G. Cre\u0300s & cie, 1926.",
"page_number": "Plate 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Meryem, Jean. \"La Musee de Cleveland.\" L'Art et les Artistes 13, no. 69 (July, 1926): 341-346.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n41"
},
{
"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. French Painting. Boston, MA: Hale, Cushman & Flint, inc., 1931.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193, pl. 79",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William. \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" ARTnews (June 13, 1936): 7-14.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, W. M., and P. Boswell. \"Superb Art Display Marks Cleveland Museum's 20th Anniversary; With List.\" Art Digest 10 (July 1936): 5-22.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Treasure Trove of Great Art Masterpieces.\" Life 15 (Sept. 20, 1943): 64-68.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n42"
},
{
"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 253",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gilson, Etienne. Painting and Reality. New York, NY Pantheon Books, 1957.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148, Figure 55",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 499",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n92"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"
},
{
"citation": "Arnason, H. H. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1968.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60; Figure 61",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"
},
{
"citation": "Daval, Jean Luc. Journal de l'art moderne, 1884-1914. [Gene\u0300ve]: Skira, 1973.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Puvis de Chavannes, 1824-1898. Paris: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1976.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 536",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n232"
},
{
"citation": "Boucher, Marie-Christine. Catalogue des dessins et peintures de Puvis de Chavannes. Paris, France: Palais des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris, Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais, 1979.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Van Liere, Eldon N. \"Solutions and Dissolutions: The Bather in Nineteenth-century French Painting.\" Arts Magazine 55 (May 1980): 104.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 25",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Masini, Lara Vinca. Art Nouveau. London, United Kingdom: Thames and Hudson, 1984.",
"page_number": "Figure: 195",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kiefer, Geraldine W. Alfred Stieglitz: Scientist, Photographer, and Avatar of Modernism, 1880-1913. New York, NY: Garland, 1991.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 225, Figure 55",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Puvis de Chavannes 's Summer and the Symbolist Avant-garde.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXXVIII. (1991): 2-27.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2-27",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161310"
},
{
"citation": "Breuille, Jean-Philippe. L'Art du XIXe sie\u0300cle: dictionnaire de peinture et de sculpture. Paris, France: Larousse, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 576-577",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Price, Aime\u0301e Brown, Genevieve Lacambre, and Jon Whiteley. Pierre Puvis De Chavannes. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Van Gogh Museum, 1994.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ross, Novelene, and David Cateforis. Toward an American Identity: Selections from the Wichita Art Museum Collection of American Art. Wichita, KS: Wichita Art Museum, 1997.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Shaw, Jennifer L. \"Imagining the Motherland: Puvis de Chavannes, Modernism, and the Fantasy of France.\" The Art Bulletin 79 (December 1997): 586-610.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 586-610",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Arnason, H. H., and Marla Prather. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1998.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, Plate 75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part II; European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 508",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lemoine, Serge. From Puvis De Chavannes to Matisse and Picasso: Toward Modern Art. Milan, Italy: Bompiani, 2002.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316-317, front cover",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Werth, Margaret. The Joy of Life: The Idyllic in French Art, Circa 1900. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, Figure 46",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Shaw, Jennifer Laurie. Dream States: Puvis De Chavannes, Modernism, and the Fantasy of France. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167; Figure 27",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rishel, Joseph J., ed. Gauguin, Ce\u0301zanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Daverio, Philippe. Il secolo lungo della modernita\u0300: il museo immaginato. Milan, Italy: Rizzoli, 2012.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 475",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gil, Alberto. Mediterra\u0301neo: Una Arcadia Reinventada: de Signac a Picasso. 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: P. 24, fig. 4",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Carr, Carolyn Kinder. Sara Tyson Hallowell: Pioneer Curator and Art Advisor in the Gilded Age. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2009.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Shields, Scott. Breaking the Rules: Paul Wonner and Theophilus Brown. New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2023.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Le Bacon, C\u00e9line. \"Valadon et Puvis de Chavannes.\" In Suzanne Valadon: Un Monde a\u0300 Soi,\" edited by Chiara Parisi, 85-94. Metz: Centre Pompidou Metz, 2023.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, fig. 17",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1056",
"images": {
"annotation": null,
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},
"alternate_images": [],
"creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery",
"athena_id": 95287,
"creators": [
{
"id": 1649,
"description": "Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (French, 1824\u20131898)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Pierre Puvis de Chavannes was born into a bourgeois family. His father intended his son to enroll at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Paris. After a prolonged illness, however, Puvis instead entered the Facult\u00e9 de Droit. He became interested in art during a trip to Italy in 1846, and the following year he began studying with Henri Scheffer (1798-1862). Puvis returned to Italy in 1848 with Louis Bauderon de Vermeron (1809-1870), where he became interested in the art of mural painting. He entered the atelier of Delacroix (q.v.) for only two weeks, and later that of Couture (q.v.) for three months. Yet, Puvis's chief method of study was to work independently after live models. He was accepted in the Salon of 1850, but his submissions from 1852 through 1859 were rejected. In 1854-55 he decorated the dining room at his brother's country house, Le Brouchy, near Cuiseaux. He won a second-class medal at the Salon of 1861 for Concordia (Mus\u00e9e de Picardie, Amiens), which was purchased by the state. Inspired by the frescoes of Pompeii and by Piero della Francesca's Legend of the True Cross in Arezzo, Puvis pursued his interest in mural painting with great success. He received commissions to create works for the Palais des Arts in Lyons, the Pantheon and the H\u00f4tel de Ville in Paris, the Boston Public Library, and many others. The artist strove to integrate his mural paintings with the surrounding architecture and to maintain the integrity of the flat wall surface by using broad areas of subdued color. In 1890, together with Meissonier (q.v.) and Rodin (1840-1917), Puvis founded the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Beaux-Arts, as a more progressive alternative for the regular Salon. Puvis's art had a significant impact on later artists, particularly the symbolists.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1824",
"death_year": "1898",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1891,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "1891",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:45:59.887000"
}
}