{
"data": {
"id": 98298,
"accession_number": "1917.974",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Ceremonial Disc (Bi) (\u7389\u74a7), 3300\u20132200 BCE. East China, Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture (3300\u20132200 BCE). Jade (nephrite); diameter: 32 cm (12 5/8 in.); overall: 1 cm (3/8 in.); inner diameter: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1917.974",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Ceremonial Disc (Bi)",
"title_in_original_language": "\u7389\u74a7",
"creation_date": "3300\u20132200 BCE",
"creation_date_earliest": -3300,
"creation_date_latest": -2200,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"East China, Neolithic period, Liangzhu culture (3300\u20132200 BCE)"
],
"technique": "jade (nephrite)",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "China - Neolithic",
"type": "Jade",
"measurements": "Diameter: 32 cm (12 5/8 in.); Overall: 1 cm (3/8 in.); Inner diameter: 5.4 cm (2 1/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"diameter": {
"width": 0.32,
"width_inch": 12,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.625
},
"overall": {
"depth": 0.01,
"depth_inch": 0,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.375
},
"inner diameter": {
"width": 0.054,
"width_inch": 2,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.125
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 311620,
"title": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions",
"description": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1994).",
"opening_date": "1994-10-18T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 395234,
"title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta",
"description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).",
"opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Ralph King [1855\u20131926], Cleveland Heights, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Worcester R. Warner [1846\u20131929], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131917",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1917\u2013",
"sortorder": 3
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": null,
"description": "The Liangzhu culture, one of the later Neolithic cultures of East China, excelled in jade working. Exceptionally large versions like this disc are rare and usually occupied pride of place on the chest of the buried. Traditionally called bi, these plain discs, together with cong, squared cylinders, form an essential ritual pair in Liangzhu burials of high-status individuals.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762869"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.974-ceremonial-disk-bi",
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.974-ceremonial-disc-bi"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Lithic Art in the Bronze Age: A Jade Dagger-Axe.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 1 (January 1990): 2\u201335.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: back cover; Mentioned: pp. 3\u20134, 31",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160102"
},
{
"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. \u201cNew Objects/New Insights: Cleveland\u2019s Recent Chinese Acquisitions.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 81, no. 8 (October 1994): 270\u2013347.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 3, p. 346",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161465"
},
{
"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 94\u201395, no. 2",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.974",
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"date_created": "2012-09-11T18:52:36",
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"creditline": "Worcester R. Warner Collection",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 98298,
"creators": [],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1917-02-14T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": -3300,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "3300\u20132200 BCE",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
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"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [
"Jade Bi Disk",
"Ceremonial Disk (Bi)"
],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:46:20.125000"
}
}