id: 92937 accession number: 1922.1133 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1922.1133 updated: 2023-04-26 11:23:46.251000 Stag at Sharkey's, 1909. George Bellows (American, 1882–1925). Oil on canvas; framed: 110 x 140.5 x 8.5 cm (43 5/16 x 55 5/16 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 92 x 122.6 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection 1922.1133 title: Stag at Sharkey's title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1909 creation date earliest: 1909 creation date latest: 1909 current location: 208 American Gilded Age and Realism creditline: Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection copyright: --- culture: America, 20th century technique: oil on canvas department: American Painting and Sculpture collection: American - Painting type: Painting find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * George Bellows (American, 1882–1925) - artist An accomplished athlete, George Bellows (1882–1925) was an especially appropriate artist to address the subject of sports. Born and raised in Columbus, Ohio, he played baseball and basketball as a youth, developing sufficient ability to letter in both at Ohio State University. According to some accounts, scouts for the Cincinnati Reds took notice of his shortstop talents. However, Bellows’s first love, art, ultimately intervened, and after his junior year he relocated to New York to study painting. In a remarkably short period he became the leading artist of his generation, a reputation fueled through boxing subjects such as Stag at Sharkey’s. In his later years he developed recreational passions for tennis and billiards, which he routinely played with friends. Bellows’s life was cut short at the age of 42, due to complications after his appendix ruptured. --- measurements: Framed: 110 x 140.5 x 8.5 cm (43 5/16 x 55 5/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 92 x 122.6 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/4 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: inscription: signed upper left: Geo Bellows, / Copyrighted 190[9]; inscribed on back: Geo Bellows / 146 E. 19th St. N.Y. / "Club Night" / 67. translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Memorial Exhibition of the Work of George Bellows opening date: 1925-10-12T05:00:00 Memorial Exhibition of the Work of George Bellows. Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 12-November 22, 1925). title: The George Wesley Bellows Memorial Exhibition opening date: 1926-02-16T05:00:00 The George Wesley Bellows Memorial Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 16-March 22, 1926). title: The George Bellows Exhibition opening date: 1931-01-22T05:00:00 The George Bellows Exhibition. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 22-March 1, 1931). title: Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art opening date: 1932-07-30T04:00:00 Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (co-organizer) (July 30, 1932-August 31, 1931). title: American Painting & Sculpture 1862-1932 opening date: 1932-10-31T05:00:00 American Painting & Sculpture 1862-1932. Museum of Modern Art, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 31, 1932-January 31, 1933). title: Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture opening date: 1933-06-01T04:00:00 Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture. Art Institute of Chicago (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 1-November 1, 1933). title: A Loan Exhibition of American Paintings Since 1900 opening date: 1933-12-10T05:00:00 A Loan Exhibition of American Paintings Since 1900. William Rockhill Nelson Gallery (co-organizer) (December 10, 1933-January 31, 1934). title: The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition opening date: 1936-06-26T04:00:00 The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936). title: Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today opening date: 1937-06-23T04:00:00 Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937). title: Trois Siècles d'art aux Etats-Unis opening date: 1938-05-24T04:00:00 Trois Siècles d'art aux Etats-Unis. Galerie national du Jeu de Paume, Paris, France (organizer) (co-organizer) (May 24-July 31, 1938). title: Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair opening date: 1939-04-24T05:00:00 Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 24-October 29, 1939). title: An Exhibition of Great Paintings in Aid of the Canadian Red Cross and of Small Pictures by Members of The Ontario Society of Artists opening date: 1940-11-15T05:00:00 An Exhibition of Great Paintings in Aid of the Canadian Red Cross and of Small Pictures by Members of The Ontario Society of Artists. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 15-December 15, 1940). title: The Silver Jubilee Exhibition opening date: 1941-06-23T04:00:00 The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941). title: Sport in American Art opening date: 1944-10-10T04:00:00 Sport in American Art. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 10-December 10, 1944). title: George Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints opening date: 1946-01-31T05:00:00 George Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 31-March 10, 1946). title: American Paintings: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day opening date: 1946-06-01T04:00:00 American Paintings: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 1-July 31, 1946). title: Sport in Art opening date: 1948-01-24T05:00:00 Sport in Art. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 24-February 22, 1948). title: The Ring and the Glove opening date: 1948-09-17T04:00:00 The Ring and the Glove. Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA (co-organizer) (September 17-November 14, 1948). title: Milestones of American Painting in Our Century opening date: 1949-01-20T05:00:00 Milestones of American Painting in Our Century. Montréal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (March 15-April 15, 1948); Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, CO (May 5-June 25, 1948); The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 20-March 1, 1949); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (July 10-August 25, 1949); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (September 7-October 16, 1949); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 3-December 18, 1949). title: Aspects of New York City Life opening date: 1950-03-01T05:00:00 Aspects of New York City Life. The Century Association (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 1-April 30, 1950). title: 35th Anniversary Exhibition opening date: 1951-06-20T04:00:00 35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951). title: Exhibition of Sporting Art opening date: 1954-01-13T05:00:00 Exhibition of Sporting Art. The Century Association (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 13-March 28, 1954). title: Art: The International Language opening date: 1956-10-02T04:00:00 Art: The International Language. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956). title: George Bellows: A Retrospective Exhibition opening date: 1957-01-19T05:00:00 George Bellows: A Retrospective Exhibition. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 19-February 24, 1957). title: Paintings by George Bellows opening date: 1957-03-21T05:00:00 Paintings by George Bellows. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 21-April 21, 1957). title: Four Centuries of American Art opening date: 1963-11-27T05:00:00 Four Centuries of American Art. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, MN (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 19, 1964). title: 200 Years of American Painting opening date: 1964-04-01T05:00:00 200 Years of American Painting. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 1-May 31, 1964). title: Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910 opening date: 1967-10-03T04:00:00 Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 3-November 19, 1967). title: The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910 opening date: 1974-09-18T04:00:00 The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 18-November 10, 1974); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (December 5, 1974-January 19, 1975); Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, CA (February 10-March 30, 1975). title: Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976 opening date: 1976-03-07T05:00:00 Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976). title: George Wesley Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints opening date: 1979-04-01T05:00:00 George Wesley Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 1-May 8, 1979); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (June 29-August 5, 1979); Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines, IA (September 17-October 28, 1979); Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (November 16-December 28, 1979). title: Bellows: The Boxing Pictures opening date: 1982-09-05T04:00:00 Bellows: The Boxing Pictures. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 5, 1982-January 2, 1983). title: The Paintings of George Bellows opening date: 1992-02-16T05:00:00 The Paintings of George Bellows. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (February 16-May 10, 1992); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 11, 1992-January 3, 1993); Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (February 20-May 9, 1993). title: Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York, 1897-1917 opening date: 1995-11-17T05:00:00 Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York, 1897-1917. National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (co-organizer) (November 17, 1995-March 17, 1996). title: The American Century: Art and Culture 1900-2000 (Part 1: 1900-1950) opening date: 1999-04-22T00:00:00 The American Century: Art and Culture 1900-2000 (Part 1: 1900-1950). Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 22-September 5, 1999). title: George Bellows (1882-1925) opening date: 2012-06-10T00:00:00 George Bellows (1882-1925). National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (June 10-October 8, 2012); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (November 13, 2012-February 18, 2013); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (March 16-June 9, 2013). title: George Bellows and the American Experience opening date: 2013-08-23T00:00:00 George Bellows and the American Experience. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (August 23, 2013-January 4, 2014). title: Stag at Sharkey’s: George Bellows and the Art of Sports opening date: 2016-05-14T00:00:00 Stag at Sharkey’s: George Bellows and the Art of Sports. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 14-September 18, 2016). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * Columbus, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, The George Bellows Exhibition (22 January-1 March 1931), see Bulletin of The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (January, 1931), vol. 1, no. 1, cat. no. 269, illus. p. I, 15.
Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture (1 June-1 November 1933), illus. cat. no. 434, listed p. 60. * Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art; The Official Art Exhibit of The Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936) * New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York Realists, 1900-1914 (9 February-5 March 1937), cat. no. 8, illus., listed p. 12. * Philadelphia, The Philadelphia Museum, Art in the United States: Painting, Sculpture, Prints, Crafts (20 June-13 September 1942), illus. * Buffalo, The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Sport in Art (24 January-22 February 1948), no. 5. * Andover, MA, Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, The Ring and the Glove (17 September-14 November 1948), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 76: the exhibition originated at the Museum of the City of New York, Stag was only shown at Addison and did not appear in the catalogue. * Boston, Institute of Contemporary Art, Milestones of American Painting in Our Century (20 January-1 March 1949); traveled to: Montreal, Art Association of Montreal (15 March-15 April 1949); Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center (5 May-25 June 1949); San Francisco, M. H. de Young Museum (10 July-25 August 1949); Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum (7 September-16 October 1949); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (3 November-18 December 1949); cat. no. 3, listed p. 29, pp. 38-39, illus. p. 39. * Boston, The Institute of Contemporary Art; traveled to: Louisville, J. B. Speed Memorial Gallery; San Francisco, M. H. de Young Musuem; Buffalo, Albright Gallery; Montreal, Art Association of Montreal; Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art; notes that the exhibition toured from 1 January-31 December, but does not give specific dates. * New York, The Century Association, Aspects of New York City Life (1 March-30 April 1950), listed in catalogue. * New York, The Century Association, Exhibition of Sporting Art (13 January-28 March 1954), listed in catalogue. * Columbus, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Paintings by George Bellows (21 March-21 April 1957), cat. no. 11, illus. front cover. * Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum, Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910 (3 October-19 November 1967), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 76: not in catalogue and did not go on tour. * New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910 (20 September-10 November 1974); traveled to: Houston, The Museum of Fine Arts (5 December 1974-19 January 1975); Oakland, The Oakland Museum (10 February-30 March 1975), cat. no. 6, illus. p. 132, fig. 154. * Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to: Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976); cat. no. 38, illus. * Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, Bellows: The Boxing Pictures (5 September-2 January 1983), illus. cat. no. 2, plate 4, also included E. A. Carmean, Jr.'s essay "Bellows: The Boxing Paintings," pp. 27-47, illus. in article p. 32, fig. 28; listed p. 74 with small illus. * Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, The Paintings of George Bellows (16 February-10 May 1992); traveled to: New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (5 June-30 August 1992); Columbus, Columbus Museum of Art (11 October 1992-3 January 1993); Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum (20 February-9 May 1993); illus. figs. 16, 17 in Michael Quick's essay "Technique and Theory: The Evolution of George Bellows' Painting Style," and fig. 9 in Marianne Doezema's "The 'Real' New York;" cat. not numbered. * Washington, D. C., National Museum of American Art, Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York, 1897-1917 (17 November 1995-17 March 1996), illus. fig. 179, p. 164, also included pp. 46-48, 81-88, 156-158, 163-171, 208-210, 215-217, 220, 223. (Not in CMA library: OCLC 921076645) * New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, The American Century: Art & Culture 1900-1950 (23 April-22 August 1999) * The Cleveland Museum of Art (06/21/2005 - 09/11/2005); "CMA Highlights" * National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (6/10/2012 - 10/8/2012),Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY (11/13/2012 - 2/18/2013), and the Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (3/16/2013): "George Bellows (1882-1925)", ex. cat. no. 17, p, 82, detail on cover and inside cover. (Not in CMA library: OCLC 801141298) * Philadelphia, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, The One Hundred and Fifth Annual Exhibition of The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (23 January-20 March 1910), cat. no. 323, listed p. 37 as Club Night. * New York, Galleries 29-31 West Thirty-Fifth St., Exhibition of Independent Artists (1-27 April 1910), cat. no 20 as Club Night. * New York, Madison Gallery, (early 1911), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75. * Syracuse, Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, Summer Exhibition of Paintings by American Artists (10 May-1 October 1911), no. 1 as Club Night; see Bulletin of Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts (October, 1911. * Chicago, Marshall Filed (1911), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75. * Curtis Studios (1911), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75. * Cedar Rapids, IA, The Cedar Rapids Art Association, Art Gallery, Public Library, Iowa, Fifth Annual Art Exhibition (5-14 February 1913), no. 2. * Rochester, NY, Rochester Industrial Exposition (7-19 September 1914), no. 6 as Club Night; see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75. * Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, Paintings by George Bellows (10 December 1914-3 January 1915), no. 16 as Club Night; see Bulletin of The Art Institute of Chicago (1 January 1915), vol. IX, no. 1, p. 2-4, 8. * Detroit, Detroit Museum of Art, Exhibition of Paintings by George Bellows (6-29 January 1915), no. 16 as Club Night; see Bulletin of The Detroit Museum of Art (January, 1915), vol. IX, no. 1, pp. 2, 4. * Los Angeles, Los Angeles Museum of History, Science, and Art, Paintings by George Bellows (7-28 February 1915), no. 16 as Club Night. * Minneapolis, The Minneapolis Institute of Art, Paintings by Lester D. Boronda; Paintings by George Bellows (4-31 May 1915), no. 37 as Club Night; see Bulletin of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts (May, 1915), vol. IV, no. 5, p. 46. * Muskegon, MI, Hackley Art Gallery, Exhibition of Oil Paintings by George Bellows (9 June-August 1915), as Club Night. * Worcester, MA, Worcester Art Museum, Exhibition of Paintings by George Bellows, New York City (5-26 September 1915), no. 13 as Club Night. * Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum, Special Exhibition of Paintings by Mr. George Bellows (October, 1915), no. 4 as Club Night. * New York, Sponsored by The Junior Art Patrons of America, Fine Arts Building, First Retrospective Exhibition of American Art (7-21 May 1921), cat. no. 10, listed p. 13, not illus. --- PROVENANCE (Marie Sterner, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art) date: By 1922 footnotes: *
Marie Sterner, owner of the Marie Sterner Gallery in New York, was Bellows' dealer.
citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1922- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: George Bellows was raised in Columbus, Ohio, and attended Ohio State University where he played baseball and basketball. digital description: wall description: Bellows was no stranger to Sharkey’s Athletic Club, a raucous saloon with a backroom boxing ring, located near his studio. Founded by Tom “Sailor” Sharkey, an ex-fighter who had also served in the US Navy, the club attracted men seeking to watch or participate in matches. Because public boxing was illegal in New York at the time, a private event had to be arranged in order for a bout to take place. Participation was usually limited to members of a particular club, but whenever an outsider competed, he was given temporary membership and known as a “stag.” Although boxing had its share of detractors who considered it uncouth at best or barbaric at worst, its proponents—among them President Theodore Roosevelt—regarded it a healthy manifestation of manliness. Around the time Bellows painted Stag at Sharkey’s, boxing was moving from a predominantly working-class enterprise to one with greater genteel appeal. For some contemporaries, boxing was a powerful analogy for the notion that only the strongest and fittest would flourish in modern society. --- RELATED WORKS id: 103801 A Stag at Sharkey's, 1916. George Bellows (American, 1882–1925). Lithograph; image: 26.7 x 20 cm (10 1/2 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Charles T. Brooks 1921.909 relationship: --- CITATIONS Milliken, William M. "The Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 9:6 (June, 1922). 95-102. page number: Mentioned: p. 95-96; Reproduced: p. 106 url: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136578 Glasier, Jessie C. "Museum Gets Prize-Winning Canvases: Bellows Subject, Kent Landscape Are Acquisitions." The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), June 18, 1922. page number: Reproduced: p. 3 url: "Cleveland Museum Acquires Typical Pictures by Bellows and Kent." American Art News. 20:37 (24 June 1922). pp. 1-10. page number: Reproduced: p. 6 url: Milliken, William M. "Two Examples of Modern Painting: The Maine Coast, by Rockwell Kent." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 9:10 (December, 1922). pp. 171-175. page number: Reproduced: front cover url: Memorial Exhibition of the Work of George Bellows. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1925. page number: Mentioned: p. 18, 24; Reproduced: p. 48 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925. page number: Reproduced: p. 36 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n38 Cortissoz, Royal. "Paintings and Prints by George Bellows: The Memorial Exhibition at the Metropolitan." New York Herald Tribune (New York, NY), October 11, 1925. page number: url: Isham, Samuel, and Royal Cortissoz. The History of American Painting. New York, NY: Macmillan Company, 1927. page number: Mentioned: p. 576-579; Reproduced: p. 568 url: Mather, Frank Jewett, Charles Rufus Morey, and W. J. Henderson. The Pageant of America: The American Spirit in Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1927. page number: Mentioned: p. 138-139, 153-154; Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 249 url: "Un Artiste Americain." L'illustration. 85 (September, 1927). pp. 308-31. page number: Reproduced: p. 310 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928. page number: Reproduced: p. 44 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n48 Bellows, Emma S. The Paintings of George Bellows. New York, NY: A.A. Knopf, 1929. page number: Mentioned: p. VIII-XI; Reproduced: fig. 20 url: Kelly, Grace V. "'Stag at Sharkey's." The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), May 9, 1929. page number: Mentioned: p. 24 url: Eggers, George W. George Bellows. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1931. page number: Mentioned: p. 7-18; Reproduced: p. 42-43 url: Neuhaus, Eugen. The History & Ideals of American Art. Stanford University, CA: Stanford University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1931. page number: Reproduced: p. 339-340 url: Clark, Edna Maria. Ohio Art and Artists. Richmond, VA: Garrett & Massie, 1932. page number: p. 205-210 url: American Painting & Sculpture, 1862-1932. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1932. page number: Mentioned: p. 25 url: Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art: Catalogue of the Exhibition at the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art: Los Angeles, CA: Neuner Printing & Lithograph Co., 1932. page number: Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced: illus. section url: Mechlin, Leila. "The Olympic Art Exhibition." The American Magazine of Art. 25:3 (September, 1932). p. 136-150. page number: Mentioned: p. 148 url: "Art's Progress in America for 100 Years Shown at World's Fair." The Art Digest. 8:16 (15 May 1933). p. 28-29. page number: Mentioned: p. 28-29; Reproduced: 29 url: Frankfurter, Alfred M. "Art in the Century of Progress." The Fine Arts. 20:2 (June, 1933). p. 7-8, 59-61. page number: Mentioned: p. 7-8, 59-61; Reproduced: p. 44 url: "A Stag at Sharkey's." Chicago Tribune (Chicago, IL), October 22, 1933. page number: Reproduced: url: "The Picture of the Week." 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Cleveland, OH: Artcraft Printing Co., 1937. page number: Mentioned: p. 11-12 url: Trois siècles d'art aux États-Unis: exposition organisée en collaboration avec le Museum of Modern Art, New-York. Paris, France: Éditions des musées nationaux, 1938. page number: Reproduced: illus. fig. 28 url: "Bellows (1882-1925)." Life, 31 October 1938. page number: Reproduced url: Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair, April 24 to October 29. New York, NY: [Scribner Press], 1939. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 211 url: Stites, Raymond S. The Arts and Man. New York, NY: Whittlesey House; London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1940. page number: Mentioned: p. 804-806; Reproduced: p. 806 url: An Exhibition of Great Paintings in Aid of the Canadian Red Cross and of Small Pictures by Members of the Ontario Society of Artists. Toronto, Canada: The Art Gallery of Toronto, 1940. page number: Reproduced: p. 24 url: McB[ride], H[enry]. "As to the Style in Art." The Sun (New York, NY), January 6, 1940. page number: url: Francis, Henry Sayles. "The Lithographs of George Wesley Bellows." Print Collector's Quarterly. 27 (April, 1940). p. 138-165. page number: url: Milliken, William M. "Silver Jubilee Exhibition." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no. 6 (1941): 88-111. page number: Mentioned: p. 89; Reproduced: p. 111 url: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932 "Cleveland Offers the Evidence for the First 25 Years." ARTnews. 40:11 (September, 1941). p. 13-25. page number: Mentioned: p. 13, 25; Reproduced: p. 25 url: Boswell, Peyton. George Bellows. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1942. page number: Mentioned: p. 9-30; Reproduced: p. 37 url: Walker, John, and Macgill James. Great American Paintings from Smibert to Bellows, 1729-1924. London: Oxford University Press, 1943. page number: Mentioned: p. 1, 17-20; Reproduced: p. 21, fig. 101 url: Boswell, Peyton. "Bellows' First Patron." Art Digest. 18 (15 January 1943). page number: url: Sport in American Art. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1944. page number: Mentioned: p. 8 url: Edgell, George H. "Pursuit of Pleasure in Paint: Boston Presents the First Exhibition of 'Sport in American Art.'" ARTnews. 43:12 (1-14 October, 1944). p. 13-26. page number: Mentioned: p. 13-14, 26; Reproduced: p. 15 url: Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945. page number: Reproduced: p. 15 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n23 Tunis, John R. "Painter of the Prize Ring Drama: The National Gallery Honors George Bellows, Who Captured Not Only the Color, But Also the Cruelty of the Prize Ring." The New York Times Magazine (New York, NY), 7 January 1945. page number: Mentioned: p. 18; Reproduced: p. 19 url: Sweet, Frederick A. "Bellows 23 Years after Dempsey-Firpo." ARTnews. 44:19 (January, 1946). p. 12-28. page number: Mentioned: p. 12-13, 27-28 url: American Painting: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day. London, England: The Tate Gallery, 1946. page number: Mentioned: p. 9 url: George Bellows: Paintings, Drawings and Prints. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1946. page number: Mentiond: p. 37 url: Bulliet, C. J. "First Full View of George Bellows for Chicago." Art Digest. 21 (1 February 1946). page number: Mentioned: p. 8 url: "George W. Bellows: An American Master of Realistic Painting Comes Into His Own With Big Memorial Show." Life, March 25, 1946. page number: Mentioned: p. 75-83; 1917 lithograph Reproduced: p. 76-77 url: Rich, Daniel Catton. "Bellows Revalued." Magazine of Art. 39 (April, 1946): p. 145-147. page number: Mentioned: p. 145-147 url: "American Art: From the XVIIIth Century to the Present Day: Pictures Now on Exhibition at the Tate Gallery." The Illustrated London News, June 22, 1946. page number: Mentioned: p. 688-689; Reproduced: p. 688 url: Sutton, Denys. "La Peinture Américaine à la Tate Gallery." Gazette des Beaux-Arts, June 28, 1946. page number: url: Winchester, Alice. "American Painting in London: A Comment on The Tate Gallery Exhibition." Antiques. 51:2 (February, 1947). p. 100-127. page number: Mentioned: p. 100-101, 108, 127 url: Dame, Lawrence."Regarding Art: The Stags on Ropes." Boston Herald, October 17, 1948. page number: url: Gardner, Helen. Art Through the Ages. 3rd edition. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co, 1949. page number: Mentioned: p. 395-396; Reproduced: p. 395 url: "Revolt in Boston: Shootin' Resumes in the Art World." Life, February 21, 1949. page number: Reproduced: p. 85 url: Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de la peinture de 1860 à 1949. Paris: UNESCO, 1949. page number: Mentioned: p. 44-45; Reproduced: p. 45 url: Rowland, Benjamin, Jr. "American Painting Since 1900." Phoenix. 4 (April 1949). p. 85-111. page number: Reproduced: p. 91 url: Robb, David M. The Harper History of Painting: The Occidental Tradition. New York: Harper, 1951. page number: Mentioned: p. 892-896; Reproduced: p. 894, fig. 494 url: Bazin, Germain. History of Modern Painting. New York: Hyperion Press; distributed by Macmillan, 1951. page number: Mentioned: p. 285, 287; Reproduced: p. 290 url: "Pittura Americana Moderna." Sele arte. Firenze: Studio italiano di storia dell'arte, 1952. page number: Mentioned: p. 13-16; Reproduced: p. 13 url: Brown, Milton W. American Painting: From the Armory Show to the Depression. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955. page number: Mentioned: p. 33-36, 167-172; Reproduced: p. 34 url: Morris, Charles W. Varieties of Human Value. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1956. page number: Mentioned: p. 144-162; Reproduced: fig. 77 url: Craven, Thomas. The Rainbow Book of Art. Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1956. page number: Mentioned: p. 236-237; Reproduced: p. 233 url: Schulberg, Budd. The Harder They Fall. 2nd edition. New York: Random House Publishing, 1956. page number: Reproduced: cover url: Eliot, Alexander. Three Hundred Years of American Painting. New York: Time Inc, 1957. page number: Mentioned: p. 284, 289-293; Reproduced: p. 290 url: George Bellows: A Retrospective Exhibition. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1957. page number: Reproduced: p. 47 url: Paintings by George Bellows at Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. Columbus, OH: The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, 1957. page number: Reproduced: cover url: Huth, John F. "An Artist at Ohio." Pictorial Magazine, The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), January 20, 1957. page number: Reproduced: p. 18; Mentioned; pp. 18-19 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 550 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n102 Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art Collections. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1960. page number: Mentioned: p. 40-42 url: Munro, Eleanor C. The Golden Encyclopedia of Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, and Ornament, from Prehistoric Times to the Twentieth Century. New York: Golden Press, 1961. page number: Reproduced: p. 243 url: The Fireside Book of Boxing. Edited by Wilfred Charles Heinz. New York: Simon And Schuster, 1961. page number: Reproduced: front cover url: Chase, Alice Elizabeth. Famous Paintings: An Introduction to Art. New York: Platt & Munk, 1962. page number: Reproduced: p. 54-55 url: Selvig, Forrest, ed. Four Centuries of American Art. Minneapolis, MN: The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1963. page number: Reproduced: p. 23 url: Bazin, Germain. Kindlers Malerei Lexikon: 1000 Malersignaturen, 1200 farbige Reproducktionen, 3000 schwarzweisse Reproduktionen in sechs Bänden. Zurich: Kindler Verlag, 1964. page number: Mentioned: p. 302-303; Reproduced: p. 302. url: 200 Years of American Painting, April 1-May 31, 1964. St. Louis, MO: City Art Museum of St. Louis, 1964. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35 url: Seaver, Edwin. "The Sand Cart, George Bellows (American School 1882-1925)." Book-of-the-Month-Club News, 1965. page number: url: Morgan, Charles H. George Bellows, Painter of America. New York: Reynal, 1965. page number: Mentioned: p. 9, 69, 98-102, 124-127, 197-199, 217-221, 254-255; Reproduced: pp. 320, 321 url: Laver, James. The Age of Optimism: Manners and Morals 1848-1914. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966. page number: Reproduced url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 190 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n214 The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. page number: Reproduced: p. 190 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n214 Brown, Milton W. American Painting: From the Armory Show to the Depression. Princeton, NJ: The University Press, 1972. page number: Reproduced: P. 34 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 236 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n256 George Wesley Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints. Columbus, OH: Columbus Museum of Art, 1979. page number: Reproduced: p. 23 url: Kitaj, R. B., and Timothy Hyman. "A Return to London" IN Kitaj Paintings, Drawings, Pastels. John Ashebury, Joe Shannon, Jane Livingston, 41. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1983. page number: Mentioned: p. 41 url: Ohio Historical Society, and Ohio History Connection. Timeline: A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society. [Columbus, Ohio]: The Society, 1984. page number: 20 url: Salwen, Peter. Upper West Side Story: A History and Guide. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1989. page number: Referenced: p. 181-182, 202 url: Haskell, Barbara. The American Century: Art & Culture, 1900-1950. New York, NY: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1999. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 92-93 url: Adams, Henry. What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008. page number: Reproduced: p. 46 - 47 url: Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc. American Art. New York: Christie's, December 5, 2013 . page number: url: Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: P. 54 url: Fagg, John. "George Bellows." Print Quarterly. 31:1 (March 2014). 107-111. page number: Reproduced: p. 110, fig. 106. url: Gillies, Max. "Exploring Ohio's Art." Fine Art Connoisseur. 11:5 (September/October 2014). page number: Reproduced: p. 100 url: Milan, Wardell, Cay Sophie Rabinowitz, Alvin Hall, Carter E. Foster, and Leslie Hewitt. Wardell Milan: Between Late Summer and Early Fall. New York, NY : Osmos Books, 2015. page number: Reproduced: P. 37 url: Brock, Charles. "George Bellows: Reviews and Reflections." In George Bellows Revisited: New Considerations of the Painter's Oeuvre. Melissa M. Wolfe, ed. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. page number: Reproduced: p. 7, fig. 1.1. Mentioned 9, 10, 103, 105. url: Boylan, Alexis L. Ashcan Art, Whiteness, and the Unspectacular Man. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. page number: Reproduced: pl. 4 url: Slayton, Robert A. Beauty in the City: The Ashcan School. Albany: Excelsior Editions, State University of New York Press, 2017. page number: Reproduced: p. 143, fig. 8.13 url: Corbett, David Peters. Die Ashcan School: Lebensbilder der New Yorker und iher Stadt. In Es war einmal in Amerika: 300 Jahre US-Amerikanische Kunst, 164-171. Barbara Schaefer and Anita Hachmann, 2018. page number: Reproduced; p. 168, abb. 13 url: Johnston, April Nehring. The Making of Cleveland's Artist: The Aesthetic and Cultural Politics of Boundary Crossing in the Industrial Landscape Paintings of Carl Gaertner, 1923-1952. Thesis, Washington University, 2019. page number: Mentioned: P. 24 url: Sublette, J. Mark. Maynard Dixon's American West: Along the Distant Mesa. Tucson, AZ: Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery, 2018. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 267, fig. 318 url: "Punch drunk." Christie's magazine (November/December 2019): 108-117. page number: Mentioned p. 113-114; Reproduced p. 116-117 url: Pearson, Harry. "Competitive streaks." Apollo 193, no. 698 (June 2021): 60-65. page number: Reproduction p.60, fig. 1; mentioned p. 64 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_full.tif