{
"data": {
"id": 104694,
"accession_number": "1923.1052",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Diogenes, c. 1524\u201327. Ugo da Carpi (Italian, c. 1479\u2013c. 1532), after Parmigianino (Italian, 1503\u20131540). Chiaroscuro woodcut (in four shades of green); sheet: 47.7 x 34.7 cm (18 3/4 x 13 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1923.1052",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Diogenes",
"creation_date": "c. 1524\u201327",
"creation_date_earliest": 1519,
"creation_date_latest": 1932,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Italy, 16th century"
],
"technique": "chiaroscuro woodcut (in four shades of green)",
"support_materials": [
{
"description": "laid paper, laid down on wove? paper",
"watermarks": []
}
],
"department": "Prints",
"collection": "PR - Chiaroscuro",
"type": "Print",
"measurements": "Sheet: 47.7 x 34.7 cm (18 3/4 x 13 11/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
"height": 0.477,
"width": 0.347
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "lower left, in block: FRANCISCVS / PARMEN\u00b7 / PER\u00b7UGO CARP",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "verso, upper center, in graphite: Sadeler 1757 / N\u00b0 4",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "upper right, in graphite: 10376",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "across center, in pen and brown ink: N 13 [t?]alla[nf?]o [I.vinton?] [entire inscription is upsidedown]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "lower left, in graphite: hos[...3--3--.]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "lower left, in pen and brown ink: [illegible monogram]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "lower left, in graphite: H. de Carpo after Parmesan / Diogenes B XII p.100.10;",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "lower right, in graphite: [illegible]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "lower right, in graphite: mp[n...?]/2250[the'50' is smaller, raised, and underlined]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 350752,
"title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings",
"description": "Old Master Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).",
"opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304546,
"title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions",
"description": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).",
"opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309886,
"title": "Printing in Color",
"description": "Printing in Color. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-November 17, 1985).",
"opening_date": "1985-09-10T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 189312,
"title": "Mannerism: Italian, French, and Netherlandish Prints, 1520-1620",
"description": "Mannerism: Italian, French, and Netherlandish Prints, 1520-1620. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 3-October 26, 1997).",
"opening_date": "1997-08-03T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 184690,
"title": "Against the Grain: Woodcuts from the Collection",
"description": "Against the Grain: Woodcuts from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 17-November 9, 2003).",
"opening_date": "2003-08-17T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 288386,
"title": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art",
"description": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-December 31, 2017).",
"opening_date": "2017-08-26T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Goodspeed's Bookshop, Boston, MA)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1923",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "November 16, 1923",
"sortorder": 2
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [
"2384.23"
],
"did_you_know": "In his Lives of the Artists (1550), Giorgio Vasari described Diogenes twice, praising it as Ugo da Carpi's most accomplished and beautiful print.",
"description": "Diogenes was a Greek philosopher who lived during the 300s BC. The bird in the background alludes to his cynical response to Plato, who had described man as a featherless biped. Diogenes plucked a rooster and brought it to Plato\u2019s school, exclaiming, \u201cHere is Plato\u2019s man!\u201d Ugo da Carpi was influential in the development of the chiaroscuro woodcut in Italy. The term chiaroscuro combines the Italian words chiaro (light) and scuro (dark). Invented to emulate drawings with light and dark pigments on tinted paper, the printing technique uses multiple woodblocks to layer different tones of color. This example, considered a masterpiece of Renaissance printmaking, uses four shades of green to render tonal values; the paper provides the lightest color in the composition.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79514765"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1923.1052-diogenes"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Goldfarb, Hilliard T. \u201cChiaroscuro Woodcut Technique and Andrea Andreani.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 9 (November 1981): 307\u2013330.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 312-313, fig. 9",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159744"
},
{
"citation": "Na\u0301rodni\u0301 galerie v Praze, and Muse\u0301e du Louvre. From Michelangelo to Callot : The Art of Mannerist Printmaking. Edited by Blanka Kub\u00edkov\u00e1 and Alena Volr\u00e1bov\u00e1. Prague: National Gallery in Prague, 2024.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 103-104, fig. 8",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Gauna, Chiara. Disegni E Cultura Visiva a Met\u00e0 Settecento: Documentare, Narrare, Mettere in Scena. Roma: Officina Libraria, 2025.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 35-36, fig. 54b",
"url": ""
}
],
"catalogue_raisonne": "Bartsch 10 (XII.100)",
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1923.1052",
"images": {
"annotation": null,
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1052/1923.1052_web.jpg",
"width": "659",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "463252",
"filename": "1923.1052_web.jpg"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1052/1923.1052_print.jpg",
"width": "2509",
"height": "3400",
"filesize": "6484282",
"filename": "1923.1052_print.jpg"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1052/1923.1052_full.tif",
"width": "3689",
"height": "5000",
"filesize": "55370080",
"filename": "1923.1052_full.tif"
}
},
"alternate_images": [
{
"annotation": "",
"web": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1923.1052/1923.1052_alt0_web.jpg",
"width": "652",
"height": "893",
"filesize": "532503"
},
"print": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1923.1052/1923.1052_alt0_print.jpg",
"width": "1496",
"height": "2048",
"filesize": "2872275"
},
"full": {
"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/alternate/1923.1052/1923.1052_alt0_full.tif",
"width": "1496",
"height": "2048",
"filesize": "9194884"
}
}
],
"creditline": "The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 104694,
"creators": [
{
"id": 4637,
"description": "Ugo da Carpi (Italian, c. 1479\u2013c. 1532)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Born in Carpi (modern-day province of Modena) in ca. 1468/70, Ugo da Carpi was the first Italian chiaroscuro woodcut designer. Active in Venice from around 1509, he produced several woodcuts from small book illustrations to monumental multi-block prints. Concerned with issues relating to authenticity, Ugo usually signed his works, an uncommon practice at that time. In 1516, he petitioned the Venetian Senate for the privilege of having invented the technique of chiaroscuro woodcut. however, it is likely that Ugo developed his method upon seeing earlier German examples. In his prints, Ugo abandoned the traditional cross-hatching manner in favor of the use of tone blocks. In 1516-18, Ugo moved to Rome and executed the majority of his chiaroscuro woodcuts after designs by Raphael and through the intermediary of engravings by Marcantonio Raimondi and Agostino Veneziano. After the sack of Rome in 1527, Ugo settled in Bologna where he collaborated with Parmigianino, before dying in 1532.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1479",
"death_year": "1532",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
},
{
"id": 4597,
"description": "Parmigianino (Italian, 1503\u20131540)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": "after",
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, better known as Parmigianino (1503-1540), was an Italian Mannerist painter, draftsman, and printmaker. In Parma and upon his arrival in Rome in 1524, he experimented with print to study works by artists he admired, such as Raphael. He fled Rome at the time of its sack in 1527, and he moved to Bologna. There, he began his engagement with chiaroscuro woodcuts, collaborating with Ugo da Carpi and Antonio da Trento. Parmigianino then returned to Parma in 1530.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1503",
"death_year": "1540",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 2
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1923-11-16T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1519,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1524\u201327",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:09:25.700000"
}
}