id: 106364 accession number: 1924.432.21 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.432.21 updated: 2020-11-04 19:37:17.363000 Grammar (from the Tarocchi, series C: Liberal Arts, #21), before 1467. Master of the E-Series Tarocchi (Italian, 15th century). Engraving; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund 1924.432.21 title: Grammar (from the Tarocchi, series C: Liberal Arts, #21) title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: before 1467 creation date earliest: 1457 creation date latest: 1467 current location: creditline: Dudley P. Allen Fund copyright: --- culture: Italy, Ferrara, 15th century technique: engraving department: Prints collection: PR - Engraving type: Print find spot: catalogue raisonne: Hind E.I. 21a --- CREATORS * Master of the E-Series Tarocchi (Italian, 15th century) - artist --- measurements: state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: inscription: Lettered below the image of Grammatica (Grammar): ·C· / ·GRAMATICA·XXI· / 21 translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: The Silver Jubilee Exhibition opening date: 1941-06-23T04:00:00 The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941). title: Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection opening date: 1965-05-06T04:00:00 Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE --- fun fact: digital description: This engraving is part of the group “C” named Liberal Arts. Conceptually, the liberal arts descended from classical antiquity, and were divided into the Trivium (Grammar, Rhetoric, and Dialectic or Logic) and the Quadrivium (Music, Geometry, Arithmetic, and Astronomy). In the Tarocchi set the total number was risen to ten, with the addition of the three disciplines (Poetry, Philosophy, and Theology). The liberal arts denoted knowledge or skills considered necessary to participate in a free society. By the late Middle Ages, they began to be represented in the visual arts as womanlike allegories.

Here, Grammatica (Grammar) is personified as a full-length female figure turned to left. Her left hand carries a vessel containing medicine to correct children’s pronunciation, while her right hand holds up a file, meant to remove grammatical mistakes from their tongues. Regarded as the foundation of the Liberal Arts, Grammar teaches how to speak with grace and perfection. wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.432.21/1924.432.21_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.432.21/1924.432.21_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.432.21/1924.432.21_full.tif