id: 148753 accession number: 1926.1976 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.1976 updated: 2023-11-28 20:34:52.168000 Violette Heymann, 1910. Odilon Redon (French, 1840–1916). Pastel on gray wove paper; unframed: 72 x 92 cm (28 3/8 x 36 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection 1926.1976 title: Violette Heymann title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1910 creation date earliest: 1910 creation date latest: 1910 current location: creditline: Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection copyright: --- culture: France, early 20th Century technique: pastel on gray wove paper department: Drawings collection: DR - French type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: Wildenstein 96 --- CREATORS * Odilon Redon (French, 1840–1916) - artist A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with Gérôme in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco José de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first Noirs. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered "the messenger of the unconscious." After producing his initial Noirs in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, Dans le rêve, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel À rebours (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet Stéphane Mallarmé. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Société des Artistes Indépendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as "our Mallarmé," and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new "idealistic" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916. --- measurements: Unframed: 72 x 92 cm (28 3/8 x 36 1/4 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: French Art Since Eighteen Hundred opening date: 1929-11-08T05:00:00 French Art Since Eighteen Hundred. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929). title: The Silver Jubilee Exhibition opening date: 1941-06-23T04:00:00 The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941). title: 19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans opening date: 1943-06-22T04:00:00 19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943). title: Exhibition of the Month: The Floral Motif in Art opening date: 1947-07-29T04:00:00 Exhibition of the Month: The Floral Motif in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29-September 30, 1947). title: Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings opening date: 1951-10-22T04:00:00 Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 29, 1951-January 20, 1952); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 1-March 1, 1952). title: Horticulture Motifs in Art opening date: 1955-03-09T05:00:00 Horticulture Motifs in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 9-April 24, 1955). title: Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones opening date: 1984-08-21T04:00:00 Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 21-October 14, 1984). title: Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2000-08-27T00:00:00 Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000). title: Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2006-05-27T00:00:00 Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008). title: Imagining the Garden opening date: 2015-10-24T00:00:00 Imagining the Garden. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016). title: Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2016-11-19T05:00:00 Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017). title: Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon opening date: 2021-09-19T04:00:00 Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * Exposition annuelle, 1er groupe. Galerie E. Druet, Paris (December 4 - 17, 1910). * Exposition rétrospective d'oeuvres d'Odilon Redon (1840-1916). Galerie Barbazanges, Paris (May - June 1920). * Odilon Redon: Exposition rétrospective de son oeuvre. Musée des arts décoratifs, Paris (March 1926). * Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon. Lefèvre Galleries, London (June - July 1926). * Fifty Years of French Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29 - November 28, 1926). --- PROVENANCE Marcel Kapferer [1872-1966], Paris date: by 1910-1926 footnotes: citations: (Kraushaar Gallery, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH) date: 1926 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1926- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Exposition Annuelle, 1er Groupe. Exh. Cat. Paris: Galerie E. Druet, 1910. page number: Mentioned: no. 27 url: Salmon, André. "Odilon Redon." L'Art décoratif 15, no. 1 (1913): 5-21. page number: Reproduced: p. 19 url: Exposition rétrospective d'oeuvres d'Odilon Redon (1840-1916). Exh. Cat. Paris: Galerie Barbazanges, 1920. page number: Mentioned: no. 124 url: Mellerio, André. "Odilon Redon (1840-1916)." Gazette des Beaux-Arts 62 (1920): 137-156. page number: Mentioned: p. 152 url: Rey, Robert. "Odilon Redon." Art et Decoration 38, no. 224 (1920): 36-45. page number: Reproduced: p. 43 url: Mellerio, André. Odilon Redon: peintre, dessinateur et graveur. Paris: H. Floury, 1923. page number: Mentioned: p. 136; Reproduced: opposite p. 88 url: Furst, Herbert. "Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon at the Léfèvre Galleries, King Street." Apollo 4, no. 19 (July 1926): 46. page number: Mentioned: p. 46 url: Odilon Redon, exposition rétrospective de son oeuvre. Exh. Cat. Paris: Musée des arts décoratifs, 1926. page number: Mentioned: p. 17, no. 137 url: Karr, Benjamin. "Notable Painting Added to Art Museum's Display." Cleveland News (December 19, 1926): n.p. page number: Mentioned and reproduced. url: Glasier, Jessie C. "Museum Gets Another French Canvas." Cleveland Plain Dealer (December 19, 1926): n.p. page number: Mentioned. url: Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon. Exh. Cat. London: Lefèvre Galleries, 1926. page number: Mentioned: no. 13 url: "Cleveland Museum Buys a Redon." The Art News (January 1, 1927): 1-2. page number: Mentioned: pp. 1-2 url: W.M.M. "'Portrait of Mademoiselle Violette H.' by Odilon Redon." Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 14, no. 3 (March 1927): 41, 47. page number: Mentioned: p. 41; Reproduced p. 47 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928. page number: Reproduced: p. 39 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n43 Dorival, Bernard. La Peinture française. Paris: Larousse, 1942. page number: Reproduced: opposite p. 105 url: Jewell, Edward Alden and Aimée Crane. French Impressionists and their Contemporaries Represented in American Collections. New York: Hyperion Press, 1944. page number: Reproduced: p. 129 url: Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945. page number: Reproduced: p. 39 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n47 Bazin, Germain. History of Modern Painting. Trans. Rosamund Frost (New York: Hyperion Press, 1951. page number: Reproduced: p. 77 url: Hartlaub, G.F. Impressionists in France. Milan: Uffici Press, 1951. page number: Reproduced: p. 35 url: Odilon Redon, 1840-1916. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 16 url: Seligman, Germain. Oh! Fickle Taste: Objectivity in Art. New York: B. Wheelwright, 1952. page number: Reproduced: p. 51 url: Berger, Klaus. "The Pastels of Odilon Redon." College Art Journal 16, no. 1 (Autumn 1956): 23-33. page number: Mentioned: p. 28 url: Rewald, John. Post-Impressionism from Van Gogh to Gauguin. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1956. page number: Reproduced: p. 179 url: Colombo, Alfredo and Gaston Diehl. Treasury of World Painting. New York: Tudor, 1960. page number: Reproduced: p. 65 url: Awazu, Norio. "Redon's Letters: Letters to Redon (IV)." Mizue, no. 721 (March 1965): 73-77. page number: Reproduced: p. 76 url: Berger, Klaus. Odilon Redon: Fantasy and Colour. Trans. Michael Bullock. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965. page number: Mentioned: p. 212, no. 406 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 180 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n204 I Maestri del Colore: Redon. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. VI-VII url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. page number: Reproduced: p. 180 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n204 Selz, Jean. Odilon Redon. Lugano: Uffici Press, 1971. page number: Mentioned: p. 81 url: Praeger Encyclopedia of Art. London: Praeger, 1971. page number: Mentioned: vol. 4, p. 1667; Reproduced: vol. 4, p. 1666 url: Preston, Stuart. Edouard Vuillard. New York: Harry Abrams, 1971. page number: Reproduced: p. 23 url: Cassou, Jean. Odilon Redon. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1972. page number: Reproduced: pp. 16-17. url: Die Grosse Enzyklopadie der Malerei. Freiburg: Herder, 1975. page number: Reproduced: p. 2648 url: Hobbs, Richard. Odilon Redon. London: Studio Vista, 1977. page number: Mentioned: p. 139; Reproduced: p. 141 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 224 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n244 Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists. Oxford: Phaidon, 1978. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 544 url: Wilson, Michael. Nature and Imagination: The Work of Odilon Redon. Oxford: Phaidon, 1978. page number: Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 67 url: Bacou, Roseline. Odilon Redon: Pastels. Trans. Beatrice Rehl. New York: George Braziller, 1987. page number: Mentioned: p. 126, no. 43; Reproduced: p. 127 url: Vialla, Jean. La vie et l'oeuvre d'Odilon Redon. Paris: ACR, 1988. page number: Mentioned: pp. 140-141 url: Fugazza, Stefano. Simbolismo. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Arte, 1991. page number: Reproduced: p. 104 url: Wildenstein, Alec. Odilon Redon, catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre peint et dessiné. Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: vol. I, p. 50, no. 96 url: Jarrassé, Dominique. Odilon Redon, le rêve. Paris: Herscher, 1996. page number: Mentioned: p. 42; Reproduced: p. 43 url: Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture and Ceramics. London: Christie's, 1996. page number: Mentioned: p. 26, lot 53 url: Takashina, Shuji and Nobuyuki Senzoku. Seikimatsu to shocho shugi, New World History of Art. Tokyo: Shogakukan, 1996. page number: Reproduced: p. 85 url: Humair, Sylviane. "De la fin du XIXe siècle au début du XXe." Gazette de l'Hotel Drouot (April 17, 1998): 72-74. page number: Mentioned: p. 73 url: 300 Selected European Paintings. Otsuka: Otsuka Museum of Art, 1998. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 314 url: Impressionist and Modern Art. London: Sotheby's, 1999. page number: Mentioned: p. 17, lot 20 url: De Grazia, Diane. "Drawings in Cleveland: The Evolution of a Collection." In Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1-15. Diane De Grazia and Carter E. Foster, eds. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in Association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11-12, fig. 11 url: DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 11-12, fig. 11 url: Masini, Lara Vinca and Alessandro Vezzosi. Il Liberty, Art Nouveau. Firenze: Giunti, 2000. page number: Reproduced: p. 83 url: Shimizu, Yoshiro. Redon, Moro. Tokyo: Shogakkan, 2000. page number: Reproduced: p. 12 url: Sugu wakaru gakabetsu genso bijutsu no mikata. Tokyo: Tokyobijutsu, 2004. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 57 url: Lemonedes, Heather, "Unparalleled Color", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 47 no. 10, December 2007 page number: Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-10/page/4/ Yamamoto, Atsuko. Redon, His Life and Works: I Want to Know More. Tokyo: Bijutsu, 2011. page number: Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 67 url: De Seta, Cesare. Arti Della Modernità. Milano: Jaca Book, 2021. page number: Reproduced: P. 194-195 url: “The Legacy of Odilon Redon at the CMA.” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 37. page number: Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 37. url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_full.tif