id: 109042 accession number: 1927.208 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.208 updated: 2023-04-26 11:23:49.435000 Art Lovers, c. 1863. Honoré Daumier (French, 1808–1879). Gray and black wash, charcoal, and graphite, with watercolor, on cream laid paper; sheet: 26.2 x 19.4 cm (10 5/16 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund 1927.208 title: Art Lovers title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: c. 1863 creation date earliest: 1858 creation date latest: 1868 current location: 101B Prints & Drawings creditline: Dudley P. Allen Fund copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: Gray and black wash, charcoal, and graphite, with watercolor, on cream laid paper department: Drawings collection: DR - French type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: Daumier Register 10391; Maison 391 --- CREATORS * Honoré Daumier (French, 1808–1879) - artist Honoré Daumier was eight years old when his father, a glazier and frame maker who had decided to pursue his poetic talents in Paris, sent for the wife and three sons he lad left behind in Marseilles. In Paris Daumier studied drawing with Alexandre Lenoir (1761-1839) and at the Académie Suisse. Around 1825 he began a five-year apprenticeship with the publisher and lithographer Zépherin Belliard (1798-?). The July revolution of 1830, which established Louis-Philippe as the constitutional monarch in France, coincided with Daumier's creation of satirical lithographs aimed at this new government. That same year he joined La Caricature, a political journal founded by the republican artist-publisher, Charles Philipon (1802-1862). Daumier's antimonarchist and liberal subjects that were printed in this paper eventually cost the journal censorship and the artist six months in jail (31 August 1832 to 14 February 1833) plus a 300-franc fine. His prison sentence did not deter him from producing political statements and, in fact, only fueled his rage. The subjects of his lithographs became much more aggressive. In 1835 he worked for Philipon's second publication, Le Charivari, a humorous political newspaper that published Daumier's satirical caricature until it, too, suffered censorship under the new government. Although Daumier may be best known for his graphic art, he was also a sculptor and a prolific painter. Sculpture became another medium to produce his infamous caricatures. His friend, Honoré de Balzac, French novelist and editor of La Caricature, saw in these works the force of Michelangelo. In 1834 Daumier began experimenting with painting, both in oil and watercolor. Apart from his Salon entries of 1849 and 1850, his paintings, which totaled over three hundred, were painted primarily for his own pleasure and virtually unknown to the public until after his death in 1879. --- measurements: Sheet: 26.2 x 19.4 cm (10 5/16 x 7 5/8 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: inscription: signed, lower left, in black ink: h.D. translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: French Art Since Eighteen Hundred opening date: 1929-11-08T05:00:00 French Art Since Eighteen Hundred. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929). title: Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830 opening date: 1932-12-07T05:00:00 Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933). title: Daumier: peintures, aquarelles, dessins opening date: 1934-03-02T05:00:00 Daumier: peintures, aquarelles, dessins. Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer) (March 2-June 7, 1934). title: Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris opening date: 1935-03-15T05:00:00 Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 15-April 28, 1935). title: Drawings from the Museum Collection opening date: 1937-05-28T04:00:00 Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937). title: Daumier, 1808-1879 opening date: 1937-11-06T05:00:00 Daumier, 1808-1879. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 6-December 12, 1937). title: Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection opening date: 1939-01-04T05:00:00 Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939). title: Drawings from the Museum Collection opening date: 1940-07-11T04:00:00 Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940). title: Drawings from the Museum Collection opening date: 1941-03-04T05:00:00 Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941). title: The Silver Jubilee Exhibition opening date: 1941-06-23T04:00:00 The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941). title: French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections opening date: 1942-01-06T05:00:00 French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942). title: Drawings from the Museum Collection opening date: 1942-06-17T04:00:00 Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942). title: 19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans opening date: 1943-06-22T04:00:00 19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943). title: 19th-Century French Drawings opening date: 1947-03-08T05:00:00 19th-Century French Drawings. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (March 8-April 6, 1947). title: Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums opening date: 1950-06-01T04:00:00 Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950). title: Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition opening date: 1958-03-03T05:00:00 Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959). title: French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse opening date: 1958-07-31T04:00:00 French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959). title: Italian and French Drawings opening date: 1959-10-13T04:00:00 Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960). title: Aspects of Drawing opening date: 1961-01-10T05:00:00 Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961). title: Water Color opening date: 1962-06-06T04:00:00 Water Color. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962). title: Drawings opening date: 1963-01-11T05:00:00 Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963). title: Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands opening date: 1965-01-01T05:00:00 Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965). title: French Drawings opening date: 1965-11-16T05:00:00 French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966). title: Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings opening date: 1979-05-31T04:00:00 Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979). title: Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879 opening date: 1979-09-23T04:00:00 Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (September 23-November 25, 1979). title: Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 1982-11-16T05:00:00 Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983). title: Treasures on Paper opening date: 1988-05-10T04:00:00 Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988). title: Daumier Drawings opening date: 1992-11-17T05:00:00 Daumier Drawings. Städelsches Kunstinstitut im Städtischen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main (organizer) (November 17, 1992-January 17, 1993); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 26-May 2, 1993). title: French Drawings from the Collection opening date: 1994-12-13T05:00:00 French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995). title: Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2000-08-27T00:00:00 Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002). title: Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2023-01-20T05:00:00 Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-April 30, 2023). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * Exposition des peintures et dessins de H. Daumier. Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris (1878). * Exposition Daumier. Palais de l'École des Beaux-Arts, Paris (May 1901). * Nineteenth Century Paintings. Seattle Art Museum (March 7 - May 6, 1951). --- PROVENANCE Madame Pierre Bureau, Paris date: by 1878-by 1923 footnotes: citations: Paul Bureau [1865-1923], Paris date: 1923 footnotes: citations: his estate, Paris date: 1923 - 1927 footnotes: citations: (sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, Collection Paul Bureau [première vente], May 20, 1927, no. 66, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, through Marcel Guiot) date: 1927 footnotes: citations: Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1927- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: Honoré Daumier produced watercolors primarily for collectors of his work, suggesting that this image, somewhat ironically, was intended to be sold to the very figures it depicts. digital description: Honoré Daumier was known for his witty depictions of contemporary Parisian types, including the art collectors seen in this drawing. The sheet belongs to a series in which the artist depicted these connoisseurs in the process of closely studying works of art. Although here, the men's focus seems sincere, in many works Daumier caricatured his subjects' greediness, smugness, or obliviousness. wall description: In dense layers of watercolor, Honoré Daumier presented three middle-class collectors closely studying artworks. Known for his satirical depictions of such figures, Daumier showed them more reverentially here. Infrared photography recently revealed two previously unknown sketches on the back of the drawing, indicating that Daumier reused and returned to the sheet. Curator Henry Sayles Francis was so taken by this drawing that he made a trip to Paris—unusual, given the difficulty of international travel during the 1920s—to acquire it for Cleveland. Ironically, the image is set in the esteemed Parisian auction house Hôtel Drouot, the very venue where Francis successfully bid on it. --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Champfleury. "L'Hotel des commissaires-priseurs (suite), l'amateur." Le Monde illustré 7, no. 314 (April 18, 1863): 253-254. page number: Reproduced: p. 253 url: Exposition des peintures et dessins de H. Daumier. Paris: Galeries Durand-Ruel, 1878. page number: Mentioned: p. 62, no. 113 url: Alexandre, Arsène. Honoré Daumier: L'Homme et l'oeuvre. Paris: H. Laurens, 1888. page number: Mentioned: p. 376 url: Exposition Daumier. Paris: Palais de l'École des Beaux-Arts, 1901. page number: Mentioned: p. 29, no. 131 url: Klossowski, Erich. Honore Daumier. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1923. page number: Mentioned: p. 119, no. 365 url: "Le Vieux Collectionneur." "Un Ensemble Unique de 50 Daumier: La Collection Bureau." Bulletin de l'Art Ancien et Moderne, no. 738 (May 1927): 167-173. page number: Mentioned: p. 170, 172; Reproduced: p. 171 url: Francis, Henry Sayles. "A Drawing by Daumier." Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 14, no. 10 (December 1927): 155-157. page number: Mentioned: pp. 155-157; Reproduced: cover url: Catalogue des tableaux anciens...Collection de M. Paul Bureau. Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1927. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 66 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928. page number: Reproduced: p. 57 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n61 "A Daumier Gem." The Art Digest 11, no. 7 (January 1928): 32. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32 url: “Lists of Objects in the Exhibition.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 16, no. 9 (1929): 159–75. page number: Mentioned: p. 161 url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248. Escholier, Raymond. Daumier. Paris: Floury, 1930. page number: Mentioned: p. 263; Reproduced: pl. 75 url: Fuchs, Eduard. Der Maler Daumier. Munich: Albert Langen, 1930. page number: Mentioned: pp. 38-39, 57, no. 249a; Reproduced: pl. 249 url: Wilenski, R.H. French Painting. Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint, Inc., 1931. page number: Mentioned: p. 232; Reproduced: pl. 92 url: Monzie, Anatole de and Claude Roger-Marx. Daumier: Peintures, Aquarelles, Dessins. Exh. Cat. Paris: Musée de l'Orangerie, 1934. page number: Mentioned: pp. 101-102, no. 88 url: Independent Painters of Nineteenth Century Paris. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1935. page number: Mentioned: p. 39, no. 72 url: D.A. "'Lovers of Art,' by Honoré Daumier." Christian Science Monitor (November 1, 1936): n.p. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: n.p. url: Daumier, 1808-1879. Exh. Cat. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Museum of Art, 1937. page number: Mentioned: p. 28, no. 19; Reproduced: pl. 19 url: Fleischmann, Benno. Honoré Daumier: Gemälde, Graphik. Vienna: Otto Lorenz, 1938. page number: Mentioned: p. XXXIX; Reproduced: pl. 53 url: Roger-Marx, Claude. Daumier. Paris: Plon, 1938. page number: Reproduced: p. 36 url: 19th-Century French Drawings. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1947. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39, no. 54 url: Huyghe, René and Philippe Jaccottet. Le Dessin Français au XIXe Siècle. Lausanne: Mermod, 1948. page number: Reproduced: p. 54 url: Wilenski, R.H. French Painting. Rev. Ed. London: Medici Society, 1949. page number: Mentioned: p. 212; Reproduced: pl. 86 url: Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums. Exh. Cat. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950. page number: Mentioned: no. 8 url: Adhémar, Jean. Honoré Daumier: Drawings and Watercolors. New York: Macmillan, 1954. page number: Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: after p. 17 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 600 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n112 Houghton, Amory. Les Dessins français dans les collections américaines de Clouet à Matisse. Paris: Art et style: 1958. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: n.p. url: Moskowitz, Ira. Great Drawings of All Time. New York: Shorewood, 1962. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: vol. III, n.p. url: Moskowitz, Ira and Maurice Sérullaz. Drawings of the Masters: French Impressionists. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962. page number: Reproduced: p. 46 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 170 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194 Rey, Robert. Honoré Daumier. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 63 url: Feldman, Edmund Burke. Art as Image and Idea. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967. page number: Reproduced: p. 332 url: Maison, K.E. Honoré Daumier: Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolors, and Drawings. New York: New York Graphic Society Ltd., 1968. page number: Mentioned: vol. II, p. 135, no. 391; Reproduced: pl. 129 url: Moore, Janet Gaylord. The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1968. page number: Mentioned: p. 136; Reproduced: p. 89 url: Vincent, Howard P. Daumier and His World. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1968. page number: Reproduced: pl. 60 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. page number: Reproduced: p. 170 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194 Feldman, Edmund Burke. Varieties of Visual Experience: Art as Image and Idea. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971. page number: Reproduced: p. 416 url: Praeger Encyclopedia of Art. New York: Praeger, 1971. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 512 url: Roy, Claude. Daumier Dessins. Geneva: Skira, 1971. page number: Reproduced: p. 50 url: Feldman, Edmund Burke. Varieties of Visual Experience. Basic Edition. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1972. page number: Reproduced: p. 304 url: Nishimura, Toshio, ed. Courbet et le réalisme. Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, 1972. page number: Mentioned: p. 113; Reproduced: pl. IV url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 210 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n230 Chapman, Laura H. Approaches to Art Education. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 66 url: "Drawings on Exhibition." Drawing 1, no. 3 (September - October 1979): 63-65. page number: Reproduced: p. 64 url: Kist, Jan Rie. Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1979. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75, no. 81 url: Richard, Paul. "Daumier's Fearless Wit." Washington Post (September 23, 1979): G1, G7 page number: Reproduced: p. G1 url: Koschatzky, Walter. Die Kunst des Aquarelles: Technik, Geschichte, Meisterwerke. Salzburg: Residenz, 1982. page number: Mentioned: p. 432; Reproduced: p. 28, pl. 9 url: Rotzler, Willy. Who's Who in Graphic Art. Dubendorf: De Clivo, 1982. page number: Reproduced: p. 70 url: Goldstein, Nathan. The Art of Responsive Drawing. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992. page number: Mentioned: p. 201; Reproduced: p. 202 url: Ives, Colta, Margret Stuffmann, and Martin Sonnabend. Daumier Drawings. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992. page number: Mentioned: p. 45, 165, no. 70; Reproduced: p. 46, 164. url: "1992 Annual Report." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95. page number: Mentioned: p. 247 url: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418 Wechsler, Judith. Le cabinet des dessins Daumier. Paris: Flammarion, 1999. page number: Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 89 url: Blin, Didier and Caroline Larroche. Daumier 1808-1879. Exh. Cat. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1999. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 410, under no. 258 url: DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000. page number: Mentioned: p. 3, pp. 136-37, 291, no. 54; Reproduced: p. 137 url: Albl, Stefan, and Alina Aggujaro. Il metodo del conoscitore: approcci, limiti, prospettive. Roma: Artemide, 2016. page number: Reproduced: p. [2] url: Salsbury, Britany. “Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The widely recognized collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.” Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): Cover, P. 18-19. page number: Reproduced: P. 19; Mentioned, P. 18. url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_full.tif