{
"data": {
"id": 109042,
"accession_number": "1927.208",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Art Lovers, c. 1863. Honor\u00e9 Daumier (French, 1808\u20131879). Gray and black wash, charcoal, and graphite, with watercolor, on cream laid paper; sheet: 26.2 x 19.4 cm (10 5/16 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1927.208",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Art Lovers",
"creation_date": "c. 1863",
"creation_date_earliest": 1858,
"creation_date_latest": 1868,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"France, 19th century"
],
"technique": "Gray and black wash, charcoal, and graphite, with watercolor, on cream laid paper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Drawings",
"collection": "DR - French",
"type": "Drawing",
"measurements": "Sheet: 26.2 x 19.4 cm (10 5/16 x 7 5/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
"height": 0.262,
"height_inch": 10,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.3125,
"width": 0.194,
"width_inch": 7,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.625
},
"secondary support": {
"height": 0.275,
"height_inch": 10,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.8125,
"width": 0.194,
"width_inch": 7,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.625
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "signed, lower left, in black ink: h.D.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 338065,
"title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred",
"description": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).",
"opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 350090,
"title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830",
"description": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).",
"opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 361102,
"title": "Daumier: peintures, aquarelles, dessins",
"description": "Daumier: peintures, aquarelles, dessins. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer) (March 2-June 7, 1934).",
"opening_date": "1934-03-02T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 360859,
"title": "Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris",
"description": "Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 15-April 28, 1935).",
"opening_date": "1935-03-15T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 356272,
"title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection",
"description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).",
"opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 361103,
"title": "Daumier, 1808-1879",
"description": "Daumier, 1808-1879. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 6-December 12, 1937).",
"opening_date": "1937-11-06T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 346109,
"title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection",
"description": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).",
"opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 347233,
"title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection",
"description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940).",
"opening_date": "1940-07-11T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 347343,
"title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection",
"description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).",
"opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 312341,
"title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition",
"description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).",
"opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 312333,
"title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections",
"description": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).",
"opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 347490,
"title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection",
"description": "Drawings from the Museum Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).",
"opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 312176,
"title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans",
"description": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).",
"opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 361104,
"title": "19th-Century French Drawings",
"description": "19th-Century French Drawings. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (March 8-April 6, 1947).",
"opening_date": "1947-03-08T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 356677,
"title": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums",
"description": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950).",
"opening_date": "1950-06-01T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 301184,
"title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition",
"description": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 360892,
"title": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse",
"description": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1958-07-31T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 301678,
"title": "Italian and French Drawings",
"description": "Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).",
"opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302020,
"title": "Aspects of Drawing",
"description": "Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).",
"opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302279,
"title": "Water Color",
"description": "Water Color. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).",
"opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304645,
"title": "Drawings",
"description": "Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).",
"opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 350931,
"title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands",
"description": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304726,
"title": "French Drawings",
"description": "French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).",
"opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 357309,
"title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings",
"description": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).",
"opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 361184,
"title": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879",
"description": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (September 23-November 25, 1979).",
"opening_date": "1979-09-23T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309584,
"title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).",
"opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311734,
"title": "Treasures on Paper",
"description": "Treasures on Paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).",
"opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 361188,
"title": "Daumier Drawings",
"description": "Daumier Drawings. St\u00e4del Museum (organizer) (November 17, 1992-January 17, 1993); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 26-May 2, 1993).",
"opening_date": "1992-11-17T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311635,
"title": "French Drawings from the Collection",
"description": "French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).",
"opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 192019,
"title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).",
"opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 324628,
"title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).",
"opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Exposition des peintures et dessins de H. Daumier. Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris (1878).",
"opening_date": null
},
{
"description": "Exposition Daumier. Palais de l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, Paris (May 1901).",
"opening_date": "1901-05-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Nineteenth Century Paintings. Seattle Art Museum (March 7 - May 6, 1951).",
"opening_date": "1951-03-07T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Madame Pierre Bureau, Paris",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "by 1878-by 1923",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Paul Bureau [1865-1923], Paris",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1923",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "his estate, Paris",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1923 - 1927",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, Collection Paul Bureau [premi\u00e8re vente], May 20, 1927, no. 66, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, through Marcel Guiot)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1927",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1927-",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier produced watercolors primarily for collectors of his work, suggesting that this image, somewhat ironically, was intended to be sold to the very figures it depicts.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier was known for his witty depictions of contemporary Parisian types, including the art collectors seen in this drawing. The sheet belongs to a series in which the artist depicted these connoisseurs in the process of closely studying works of art. Although here, the men's focus seems sincere, in many works Daumier caricatured his subjects' greediness, smugness, or obliviousness.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746301"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.208-art-lovers"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Champfleury. \"L'Hotel des commissaires-priseurs (suite), l'amateur.\" Le Monde illustr\u00e9 7, no. 314 (April 18, 1863): 253-254.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Exposition des peintures et dessins de H. Daumier. Paris: Galeries Durand-Ruel, 1878.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62, no. 113",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Alexandre, Ars\u00e8ne. Honor\u00e9 Daumier: L'Homme et l'oeuvre. Paris: H. Laurens, 1888.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 376",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Exposition Daumier. Paris: Palais de l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, 1901.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29, no. 131",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Klossowski, Erich. Honore Daumier. Munich: R. Piper & Co., 1923.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 119, no. 365",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Le Vieux Collectionneur.\" \"Un Ensemble Unique de 50 Daumier: La Collection Bureau.\" Bulletin de l'Art Ancien et Moderne, no. 738 (May 1927): 167-173.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170, 172; Reproduced: p. 171",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"A Drawing by Daumier.\" Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 14, no. 10 (December 1927): 155-157.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 155-157; Reproduced: cover",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Catalogue des tableaux anciens...Collection de M. Paul Bureau. Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1927.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 66",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n61"
},
{
"citation": "\"A Daumier Gem.\" The Art Digest 11, no. 7 (January 1928): 32.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 161",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."
},
{
"citation": "Escholier, Raymond. Daumier. Paris: Floury, 1930.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 263; Reproduced: pl. 75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fuchs, Eduard. Der Maler Daumier. Munich: Albert Langen, 1930.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-39, 57, no. 249a; Reproduced: pl. 249",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. French Painting. Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint, Inc., 1931.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 232; Reproduced: pl. 92",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Monzie, Anatole de and Claude Roger-Marx. Daumier: Peintures, Aquarelles, Dessins. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, 1934.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 101-102, no. 88",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Independent Painters of Nineteenth Century Paris. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1935.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 72",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "D.A. \"'Lovers of Art,' by Honor\u00e9 Daumier.\" Christian Science Monitor (November 1, 1936): n.p.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Daumier, 1808-1879. Exh. Cat. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Museum of Art, 1937.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, no. 19; Reproduced: pl. 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fleischmann, Benno. Honor\u00e9 Daumier: Gem\u00e4lde, Graphik. Vienna: Otto Lorenz, 1938.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. XXXIX; Reproduced: pl. 53",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Roger-Marx, Claude. Daumier. Paris: Plon, 1938.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"
},
{
"citation": "19th-Century French Drawings. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1947.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39, no. 54",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Huyghe, Ren\u00e9 and Philippe Jaccottet. Le Dessin Fran\u00e7ais au XIXe Si\u00e8cle. Lausanne: Mermod, 1948.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. French Painting. Rev. Ed. London: Medici Society, 1949.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 212; Reproduced: pl. 86",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums. Exh. Cat. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: no. 8",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Adh\u00e9mar, Jean. Honor\u00e9 Daumier: Drawings and Watercolors. New York: Macmillan, 1954.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: after p. 17",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 600",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n112"
},
{
"citation": "Houghton, Amory. Les Dessins fran\u00e7ais dans les collections am\u00e9ricaines de Clouet \u00e0 Matisse. Paris: Art et style: 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira. Great Drawings of All Time. New York: Shorewood, 1962.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. III, n.p.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira and Maurice S\u00e9rullaz. Drawings of the Masters: French Impressionists. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"
},
{
"citation": "Rey, Robert. Honor\u00e9 Daumier. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. Art as Image and Idea. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 332",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Maison, K.E. Honor\u00e9 Daumier: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of the Paintings, Watercolors, and Drawings. New York: New York Graphic Society Ltd., 1968.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: vol. II, p. 135, no. 391; Reproduced: pl. 129",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1968.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136; Reproduced: p. 89",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Vincent, Howard P. Daumier and His World. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1968.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 60",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"
},
{
"citation": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. Varieties of Visual Experience: Art as Image and Idea. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 416",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Praeger Encyclopedia of Art. New York: Praeger, 1971.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 512",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Roy, Claude. Daumier Dessins. Geneva: Skira, 1971.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. Varieties of Visual Experience. Basic Edition. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1972.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 304",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Nishimura, Toshio, ed. Courbet et le r\u00e9alisme. Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, 1972.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113; Reproduced: pl. IV",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n230"
},
{
"citation": "Chapman, Laura H. Approaches to Art Education. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Drawings on Exhibition.\" Drawing 1, no. 3 (September - October 1979): 63-65.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kist, Jan Rie. Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1979.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75, no. 81",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Richard, Paul. \"Daumier's Fearless Wit.\" Washington Post (September 23, 1979): G1, G7",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. G1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Koschatzky, Walter. Die Kunst des Aquarelles: Technik, Geschichte, Meisterwerke. Salzburg: Residenz, 1982.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 432; Reproduced: p. 28, pl. 9",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rotzler, Willy. Who's Who in Graphic Art. Dubendorf: De Clivo, 1982.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Goldstein, Nathan. The Art of Responsive Drawing. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 201; Reproduced: p. 202",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ives, Colta, Margret Stuffmann, and Martin Sonnabend. Daumier Drawings. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45, 165, no. 70; Reproduced: p. 46, 164.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"
},
{
"citation": "Wechsler, Judith. Le cabinet des dessins Daumier. Paris: Flammarion, 1999.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 89",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Blin, Didier and Caroline Larroche. Daumier 1808-1879. Exh. Cat. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1999.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 410, under no. 258",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, pp. 136-37, 291, no. 54; Reproduced: p. 137",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Albl, Stefan, and Alina Aggujaro. Il metodo del conoscitore: approcci, limiti, prospettive. Roma: Artemide, 2016.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. [2]",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Montfort, Anne, V. Loth, and Saul Steinberg. Saul Steinberg: entre les lignes. Paris : E\u0301ditions du Centre Pompidou, 2021.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 20, no. 4",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cNineteenth-Century French Drawings: The widely recognized collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): Cover, P. 18-19.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: P. 19; Mentioned, P. 18.",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "DeWitte, Debra. \"The Display and Dispersal of Drawings in 19th-Century France.\" In Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 32-41. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 33, fig. 14",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-107, no. 13",
"url": ""
}
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"description": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier (French, 1808\u20131879)",
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"biography": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier was eight years old when his father, a glazier and frame maker who had decided to pursue his poetic talents in Paris, sent for the wife and three sons he lad left behind in Marseilles. In Paris Daumier studied drawing with Alexandre Lenoir (1761-1839) and at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Around 1825 he began a five-year apprenticeship with the publisher and lithographer Z\u00e9pherin Belliard (1798-?). The July revolution of 1830, which established Louis-Philippe as the constitutional monarch in France, coincided with Daumier's creation of satirical lithographs aimed at this new government. That same year he joined La Caricature, a political journal founded by the republican artist-publisher, Charles Philipon (1802-1862). Daumier's antimonarchist and liberal subjects that were printed in this paper eventually cost the journal censorship and the artist six months in jail (31 August 1832 to 14 February 1833) plus a 300-franc fine. His prison sentence did not deter him from producing political statements and, in fact, only fueled his rage. The subjects of his lithographs became much more aggressive. In 1835 he worked for Philipon's second publication, Le Charivari, a humorous political newspaper that published Daumier's satirical caricature until it, too, suffered censorship under the new government. Although Daumier may be best known for his graphic art, he was also a sculptor and a prolific painter. Sculpture became another medium to produce his infamous caricatures. His friend, Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, French novelist and editor of La Caricature, saw in these works the force of Michelangelo. In 1834 Daumier began experimenting with painting, both in oil and watercolor. Apart from his Salon entries of 1849 and 1850, his paintings, which totaled over three hundred, were painted primarily for his own pleasure and virtually unknown to the public until after his death in 1879.",
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"date_text": "c. 1863",
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