{
"data": {
"id": 111499,
"accession_number": "1929.978",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Black-Figure Trefoil Oinochoe (Wine Jug): Europa on Bull, c. 530 BCE. Attributed to Class of Vatican 440 (Greek, Attic). Ceramic; overall: 23.6 cm (9 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.978",
"current_location": "102B Greek",
"title": "Black-Figure Trefoil Oinochoe (Wine Jug): Europa on Bull",
"creation_date": "c. 530 BCE",
"creation_date_earliest": -535,
"creation_date_latest": -525,
"artists_tags": [
"gender unknown"
],
"culture": [
"Greek, Attic"
],
"technique": "ceramic",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Greek and Roman Art",
"collection": "GR - Greek",
"type": "Ceramic",
"measurements": "Overall: 23.6 cm (9 5/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.236,
"height_inch": 9,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.3125
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 312341,
"title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition",
"description": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).",
"opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 300779,
"title": "Juxtapositions",
"description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Mr. Mario de Ciccio, Naples, Italy, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "?-1929",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1929-",
"sortorder": 2
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "The continent of Europe takes its name from Europa, a Phoenician princess abducted by Zeus.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Calmly seated sidesaddle on a bull, the woman depicted on the front of this small wine jug probably represents Europa, the Phoenician princess abducted by the Greek god Zeus. According to myth, Zeus either sent a bull or transformed himself into one, then carried Europa across the sea to Crete. There, she bore Zeus two or three sons, including the legendary king Minos. The bull ascended to the sky as the constellation Taurus.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756416"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.978-black-figure-trefoil"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. Beazley Archive Pottery Database. Oxford: Beazley Archive.",
"page_number": "BAPD 303205",
"url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/BB0AE0C5-C73F-46B2-ACAD-3E2303E1691F"
},
{
"citation": "\"Greek Vases.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 17, no. 7, (July, 1930): 137-138",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 138; Reproduced; p. 143",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137317"
},
{
"citation": "Cox, Warren E. The Book of Pottery and Porcelain. New York: L. Lee and Shepard Co.; distributed by Crown Publishers, 1944.",
"page_number": "Vol. I, p. 53, pl. 12.",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Beazley, J. D. Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956.",
"page_number": "p. 422, No. 43",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.",
"page_number": "p. 12, plate 17, 3-4",
"url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={BB0AE0C5-C73F-46B2-ACAD-3E2303E1691F}&startRef="
},
{
"citation": "Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae (LIMC). Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.",
"page_number": "IV, PL.34, EUROPA I 29, p. 169, Fig.11",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H., J. D. Beazley, Thomas Mannack, Melanie Mendonc\u0327a, and Lucilla Burn. Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 & Paralipomena. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1989.",
"page_number": "p. 109",
"url": null
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.978",
"images": {
"annotation": null,
"web": {
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"date_created": "2009-11-12T19:30:09",
"annotation": ""
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],
"creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 111499,
"creators": [
{
"id": 379261,
"description": "Class of Vatican 440 (Greek, Attic)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": "attributed to",
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Attic vase painters",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "-650",
"death_year": "-460",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
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],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1929-12-30T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": -535,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 530 BCE",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:54:08.016000"
}
}