{
"data": {
"id": 111806,
"accession_number": "1930.328",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Foreigners and Non-Buddhists Drink, Dance, and Play Music, from a Buddhist Stupa Site, c. 100 CE. Pakistan, Gandhara, Buner area, early Kushan period. Schist; overall: 49.6 x 150.5 cm (19 1/2 x 59 1/4 in.); first section: 17.1 x 44.5 cm (6 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.); second section: 16.5 x 53 cm (6 1/2 x 20 7/8 in.); third section: 16 x 53 cm (6 5/16 x 20 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1930.328",
"current_location": "242A Ancient India",
"title": "Foreigners and Non-Buddhists Drink, Dance, and Play Music, from a Buddhist Stupa Site",
"creation_date": "c. 100 CE",
"creation_date_earliest": 1,
"creation_date_latest": 150,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Pakistan, Gandhara, Buner area, early Kushan period"
],
"technique": "schist",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art",
"collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Gandhara",
"type": "Sculpture",
"measurements": "Overall: 49.6 x 150.5 cm (19 1/2 x 59 1/4 in.); First Section: 17.1 x 44.5 cm (6 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.); Second Section: 16.5 x 53 cm (6 1/2 x 20 7/8 in.); Third Section: 16 x 53 cm (6 5/16 x 20 7/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.496,
"height_inch": 19,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5,
"width": 1.505,
"width_inch": 59,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.25
},
"first section": {
"height": 0.171,
"height_inch": 6,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 0.445,
"width_inch": 17,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5
},
"second section": {
"height": 0.165,
"height_inch": 6,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5,
"width": 0.53,
"width_inch": 20,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875
},
"third section": {
"height": 0.16,
"height_inch": 6,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.3125,
"width": 0.53,
"width_inch": 20,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 355338,
"title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art",
"description": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).",
"opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311956,
"title": "India's Art",
"description": "India's Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).",
"opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309889,
"title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India",
"description": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).",
"opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, UK, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131930",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1930\u2013",
"sortorder": 2
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Wine cups made of silver were also used as Buddhist reliquaries in this region.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "These three relief panels are from a group thought to have been used as ornamental stair risers at a Buddhist monument. They may have led up to a platform on which was established a stupa for veneration by followers of Buddhism.
Phrygians with their trousers, tunics, and conical caps play music, dance, and clap, while Greek figures drink and carry wine. Naked figures and those wearing flowing robes and unusual hairstyles may be representatives of non-Buddhist sects, such as Jainism or the now defunct Ajivika religion. Bacchanalian scenes involving the ethnic and religious \"other\" were carved on the lower portions of public monuments in this multicultural region through which many international travelers passed during this time of heightened trade with the Mediterranean world.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742121"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.328-bacchanalian-relief",
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.328-foreigners-and-non-b"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Hollis, Howard. C. \u201cIndian Sculpture.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 17, no. 10, 1930, pp. 190\u2013198.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 190\u2013193; Reproduced: p. 197",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137340"
},
{
"citation": "Stites, Raymond S. The Arts and Man. New York: Whittlesey House, 1940.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 416b, p. 501",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Rowland, Benjamin. \u201cGandhara, Rome and Mathura: The Early Relief Style.\u201d Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America, vol. 10, 1956, pp. 8\u201317.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 10",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20066979"
},
{
"citation": "Lyons, Islay, and Harald Ingholt. Gandha\u0304ran Art in Pakistan. [New York]: Pantheon Books, 1957.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 26, 160, pl. IV, no. 1",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 740",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n134"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n252"
},
{
"citation": "Rosenfield, John M. The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 58",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n252"
},
{
"citation": "Fabri, Charles Louis. Discovering Indian Sculpture: A Brief History. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press, 1970.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45; Reproduced: pl. 19, p. 31",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 287",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n307"
},
{
"citation": "Goldman, Bernard. \u201cParthians at Gandh\u0101ra.\u201d East and West, vol. 28, no. 1/4, 1978, pp. 189\u2013202.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, between pp. 200\u2013201",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/29756456"
},
{
"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 335, figs. 14\u201315",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"
},
{
"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 72, no. 6 (October 1985): 326\u2013359.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 335, figs. 14-15",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"
},
{
"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 172\u2013174; Reproduced: cat. no. 87, p. 173",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n31"
},
{
"citation": "Masselos, Jim, Jackie Menzies, Pratapaditya Pal, and Reis Wenger Flora. Dancing to the Flute: Music and Dance in Indian Art. Sydney, Australia: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 1997.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 50a, p. 107",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Kurita, Isao \u6817\u7530\u529f. Gandha\u0304ran art [\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0-\u30e9\u7f8e\u8853 = Ganda\u0304ra bijutsu]. Vol. 2. The world of the Buddha [\u4f5b\u9640\u306e\u4e16\u754c = Budda no sekai] To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nigensha, 2003.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 186, figs. 534 and 535",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Stewart, Peter. \u201cThe Gandhara Connection: Rome and the Art of Asia.\" Antiqvvs 2, i. 1 (January 2020): 33\u201339.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38",
"url": ""
}
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"creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
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"athena_id": 111806,
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"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00",
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"date_text": "c. 100 CE",
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"alternate_titles": [
"Stair Riser Relief",
"Bacchanalian Relief"
],
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"updated_at": "2026-06-16 11:13:04.678000"
}
}