{
"data": {
"id": 114968,
"accession_number": "1935.140",
"share_license_status": "Copyrighted",
"tombstone": "Workers' Meeting, 1935. Jol\u00e1n Gross-Bettelheim (American, 1900\u20131972). Etching; platemark: 21.4 x 17.5 cm (8 7/16 x 6 7/8 in.); sheet: 36.6 x 26.9 cm (14 7/16 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1935.140",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Workers' Meeting",
"creation_date": "1935",
"creation_date_earliest": 1935,
"creation_date_latest": 1935,
"artists_tags": [
"May Show",
"female"
],
"culture": [
"America"
],
"technique": "etching",
"support_materials": [
{
"description": "Japanese paper",
"watermarks": []
}
],
"department": "Prints",
"collection": "PR - Etching",
"type": "Print",
"measurements": "Platemark: 21.4 x 17.5 cm (8 7/16 x 6 7/8 in.); Sheet: 36.6 x 26.9 cm (14 7/16 x 10 9/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"platemark": {
"height": 0.214,
"height_inch": 8,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"width": 0.175,
"width_inch": 6,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875
},
"sheet": {
"height": 0.366,
"height_inch": 14,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"width": 0.269,
"width_inch": 10,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5625
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Signed in ink lower right: Gross",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 382026,
"title": "The May Show: 17th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen",
"description": "The May Show: 17th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 24-June 2, 1935).",
"opening_date": "1935-04-24T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 356130,
"title": "Prints Accessioned in 1935",
"description": "Prints Accessioned in 1935. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 14-November 8, 1936).",
"opening_date": "1936-10-14T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310252,
"title": "Cleveland Art Comes of Age: 1919-1940",
"description": "Cleveland Art Comes of Age: 1919-1940. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 28-September 10, 1989).",
"opening_date": "1989-06-28T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311648,
"title": "Central European Prints Between the Wars",
"description": "Central European Prints Between the Wars. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-August 28, 1994).",
"opening_date": "1994-07-13T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311873,
"title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946",
"description": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).",
"opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 226376,
"title": "Jolan Gross-Bettelheim",
"description": "Jolan Gross-Bettelheim. Faulconer Gallery, Print & Drawing Study Room - Burling Library, Grinnel, IA (April 25-May 21, 2001).",
"opening_date": "2001-04-25T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 381923,
"title": "Ashcan School Prints and the American City, 1900\u20131940",
"description": "Ashcan School Prints and the American City, 1900\u20131940. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 18-December 26, 2021).",
"opening_date": "2021-07-17T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Studio of the artist, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Print Club of Cleveland",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1935",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Print Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1935",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1935-",
"sortorder": 3
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Hungarian-born Jol\u00e1n Gross-Bettelheim lived and worked in Cleveland from 1925 to 1956.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "This tense political print was made as the Communist Party gained a foothold in America\u2019s cities among the underemployed and working class during the Depression. One of the men holds the Daily Worker, a Communist newspaper, while \u201cShall Not Die / The Scottsboro Boys\u201d is scratched above the cramped and angry crowd. The words refer to the trial and conviction of nine Black teenagers in Alabama for allegedly raping two white women; their appeals were sponsored by the Communist Party. Jol\u00e1n Gross-Bettelheim herself was a vocal party member.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80007910"
],
"internet_archive": []
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Jol\u00e1n Gross-Bettelheim Entry Card to 1935 May Show. Cleveland Museum of Art May Show Records, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.",
"page_number": null,
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMS03496/"
},
{
"citation": "Robinson, William H., et. al. Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.",
"page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 142",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Stamey, Emily. Jola\u0301n Gross-Bettelheim: The American Prints. Grinnell, IA: Faulconer Gallery, 2001.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 7",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Before Neo: The May Show\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 45 no. 07, September 2005",
"page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-07/page/6"
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.140",
"images": {},
"alternate_images": [],
"creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 114968,
"creators": [
{
"id": 5835,
"description": "Jol\u00e1n Gross-Bettelheim (American, 1900\u20131972)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Jol\u00e1n Gross-Bettelheim, a Hungarian artist, lived in the United States between 1925 and 1956. Although details about her life remain sketchy, she is best known for her social and political prints of industrial urban life. Born in 1900 in Nitra, then in the Austro-Hungarian empire but now in the Slovak Republic, she began her art studies in 1919 at the Budapest School of Fine Art, where she studied painting with R\u00f3bert Ber\u00e9ny. In 1920 she studied with Emil Orlik at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna and within a year went to Berlin and enrolled at the Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnst. Between 1922 and 1924 she lived in Paris and studied at the Acad\u00e9mie de Grande Chaumi\u00e8re. By 1925 she was living in Cleveland, married to Frigyes Bettelheim, a Hungarian-born radiologist. She exhibited in annual May Shows at the Cleveland Museum of Art (1927\u201337) and had her first solo exhibition at the Kokoon Klub (1932). In 1936, while on the Works Progress Administration graphic arts project in Cleveland, she made her first lithographs. In 1938 she moved to Jackson Heights, New York, with her husband, who opened a practice in Manhattan. A committed communist, Gross-Bettelheim was a contributor to the New Masses and the Daily Worker as well as a member of the John Reed Club and the American Artists\u2019 Congress. During the 1930s and 1940s her works were exhibited extensively in Ohio, Chicago, Philadelphia, New York, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. She was included in the exhibitions America Today, shown simultaneously in 30 cities (1936), Artists for Victory at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York (1942), and America in the War, shown simultaneously in 26 locations (1943). Following the death of her husband, she returned to Hungary after 1956. Gross-Bettelheim died in Budapest.
Transformations in Cleveland Art. (CMA, 1996), p. 230",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1900",
"death_year": "1972",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1935-06-24T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1935,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "1935",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-08-20 12:30:34.240000"
}
}