id: 115405 accession number: 1936.19 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.19 updated: 2025-04-16 18:10:31.961000 The Pigeon Tower at Bellevue, 1890. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839–1906). Oil on fabric; framed: 95.5 x 113 x 7 cm (37 5/8 x 44 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 65.6 x 81.5 cm (25 13/16 x 32 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The James W. Corrigan Memorial 1936.19 title: The Pigeon Tower at Bellevue title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: 1890 creation date earliest: 1890 creation date latest: 1890 current location: 222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism creditline: The James W. Corrigan Memorial copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: oil on fabric department: Modern European Painting and Sculpture collection: Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960 type: Painting find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Paul Cezanne (French, 1839–1906) - artist The son of a wealthy banker, Cézanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the École Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Collège Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. Émile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. Cézanne enrolled at the École Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Université d'Aix while still at the École Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 Cézanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Académie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the École des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, Cézanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Académie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbarán (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refusés was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. Cézanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. Cézanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 Cézanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, Cézanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 Cézanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. Cézanne participated in the Salon des Indépendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esthétique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. Cézanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art. --- measurements: Framed: 95.5 x 113 x 7 cm (37 5/8 x 44 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 65.6 x 81.5 cm (25 13/16 x 32 1/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Fifty Years of French Art opening date: 1926-10-29T05:00:00 Fifty Years of French Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29-November 29, 1926). title: The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition opening date: 1936-06-26T04:00:00 The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936). title: Cézanne and Gauguin opening date: 1936-11-01T05:00:00 Cézanne and Gauguin. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (organizer) (November 1-December 13, 1936). title: Paul Cézanne opening date: 1937-09-01T04:00:00 Paul Cézanne. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (organizer) (September 1-October 4, 1937). title: Paul Cézanne opening date: 1937-10-08T05:00:00 Paul Cézanne. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (October 8-29, 1937). title: The Age of Impressionism and Objective Realism opening date: 1940-03-03T05:00:00 The Age of Impressionism and Objective Realism. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (May 3-June 2, 1940). title: The Silver Jubilee Exhibition opening date: 1941-06-23T04:00:00 The Silver Jubilee Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941). title: Masterpieces of Painting opening date: 1942-02-05T05:00:00 Masterpieces of Painting. Montréal Museum of Fine Arts (organizer) (February 5-March 8, 1942). title: 19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans opening date: 1943-06-22T04:00:00 19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943). title: A Thousand Years of Landscape: East and West opening date: 1945-10-24T05:00:00 A Thousand Years of Landscape: East and West. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (organizer) (October 24-December 9, 1945). title: French Paintings of the 19th Century opening date: 1946-11-05T05:00:00 French Paintings of the 19th Century. Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center (organizer) (November 5-December 9, 1946). title: Cézanne opening date: 1947-03-26T05:00:00 Cézanne. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (March 26-April 26, 1947). title: Springtime of Impressionism opening date: 1948-04-03T05:00:00 Springtime of Impressionism. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 2, 1948). title: French Impressionists opening date: 1953-03-23T05:00:00 French Impressionists. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (organizer) (May 23-April 19, 1953). title: Exposition pour commémorer le cinquantenaire de la mort de Cézanne opening date: 1956-07-20T04:00:00 Exposition pour commémorer le cinquantenaire de la mort de Cézanne. Pavillon de Vendôme, Aix-en-Provence, France (July 20-August 15, 1956). title: Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums opening date: 1976-09-11T04:00:00 Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (organizer) (September 11-October 17, 1976); Kyoto National Museum (November 2-December 5, 1976). title: Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960 opening date: 1987-09-16T04:00:00 Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987). title: Cézanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape opening date: 1990-08-09T04:00:00 Cézanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape. National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 9-October 21, 1990). title: Cézanne opening date: 1995-09-26T04:00:00 Cézanne. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (September 26, 1995-January 1, 1996); Tate Britain, London (February 7-April 28, 1996); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (May 26-September 1, 1996). title: Right Under the Sun: Painting in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920) opening date: 2005-05-14T00:00:00 Right Under the Sun: Painting in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920). Montréal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 22, 2005-January 8, 2006). title: Cézanne in Provence opening date: 2006-01-29T00:00:00 Cézanne in Provence. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 29-May 7, 2006). title: Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2006-05-27T00:00:00 Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009). title: Lend-Back: Painting the Modern Garden opening date: 2015-10-01T00:00:00 Lend-Back: Painting the Modern Garden. Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (organizer) (October 1, 2015-April 30, 2016). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * {'description': 'Fifty Years of French Art. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1926).', 'opening_date': '1926-01-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Inaugural Exhibition. Art Gallery of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (1926).', 'opening_date': '1926-01-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'Paintings by Paul Cézanne 1839-1906. Wildenstein Gallery, New York, NY (1928).', 'opening_date': '1928-01-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'The Museum of Modern Art First Loan Exhibition: Cézanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Van Gogh.', 'opening_date': None} * {'description': 'Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1929).', 'opening_date': '1929-01-01T00:00:00'} * {'description': 'A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1934).', 'opening_date': '1934-01-01T00:00:00'} --- PROVENANCE Maxime Conil [1822- ?] Aix en Provence, France, brother-in-law of the artist, sold to Ambroise Vollard, December 18, 1899 date: 1899 footnotes: citations: (Ambroise Vollard, Paris, France, January 25, 1922, sold to Ralph M. Coe) date: 1899-1922 footnotes: citations: Ralph M. Coe [1882-1959], Cleveland, OH date: 1922 footnotes: citations: Mrs. Ralph M. Coe [1891-1966], Cleveland, OH, November 7, 1935, to Knoedler & Co.for sale date: 1922-1935 footnotes: citations: (Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, January 6, 1936, work returned to Mr. Ralph M. Coe) date: 1935-1936 footnotes: citations: Mr. Ralph M. Coe, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art date: 1936 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1936- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: H. Floury, 1923. page number: Mentioned: p. 214 url: Milliken, William. "Fifty Years of French Art." The Arts 10 (December 1926): 336-338. page number: Reproduced: p. 336; mentioned: 337 url: Watson, Forbes. "New York Exhibitions." The Arts 13 (February 1928): 106-115. page number: Reproduced: p. 112; mentioned: p. 107 url: Johnson, Erle Loran. "Cezanne's Country." The Arts 16 (April 1930): 521-552. page number: Reproduced: p. 533 url: Wilenski, R. H. French Painting. Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint, 1931. page number: Mentioned: p. 309 url: "List of Paintings." Art Digest 8, no. 17 (June 1,1934): 12-22. page number: Mentioned: p. 17 url: Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne, Son Art, Son Oeuvre; 1,600 Illustrations. Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1936. page number: Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 205, no. 650; reproduced: pl. 208, fig. 650 url: Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936. page number: Mentioned: p. 100, no. 255; reproduced: pl. LXVII, no. 255 url: Francis, Henry S. "The Pigeon Tower at Montbriand by Paul Cezanne." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 23, no. 3 (March, 1936): 30, 33-36. page number: Mentioned: p. 33-36; reproduced: p. 30 url: "Cleveland: A Cezanne for the Museum." ARTnews 34 (March 28, 1936): 11. page number: Mentioned: p. 11 url: "Cezanne's Pigeon Tower at Montbriand." The American Magazine of Art 29 (April 1936): 247-248. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 247-248 url: Milliken, William. "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art." ARTnews 34 (June 13, 1936): 7-14. page number: Mentioned: p. 14 url: Cézanne, Paul. Paul Cézanne: Exhibition of Paintings, Water-Colors, Drawings and Prints : September 1 Through October 4, 1937. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art, 1937. page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 26 url: Novotny, Fritz. Cézanne und das Ende der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Wien: A. Schroll, 1938. page number: Mentioned: p. 202, no. 75 url: Wilenski, R. H. Modern French Painters. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1940. page number: Reproduced: opp. p. 173 url: Milliken, William. "Silver Jubilee Exhibition." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108 page number: Mentioned: p. 106 url: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Loan Exhibition of Masterpieces of Painting = Exposition De Chefs-D'oeuvre De La Peinture. Montreal: Museum of Fine Arts, Arts Association of Montreal, 1942. page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 68 url: Loran, Erle. Cezanne's Composition; Analysis of His Form, with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 78-79 url: Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945. page number: Reproduced: p. 38 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n46 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. A Thousand Years of Landscape East and West : (paintings, Drawings, Prints) : Special Exhibition, October 24 through December 9, 1945, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1945. page number: url: Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center. French Paintings of the 19th Century : [exhibition] November 5-December 9, 1946. Colorado Springs: Publisher Not Identified, 1946. page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 3 url: Visson, Vladimir. A Loan Exhibition of Cezanne: For the Benefit of the New York Infirmary. March 27- April 26, 1947, at Wildenstein ... New York. [New York]: Wildenstein and Company, Inc, 1947. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 44 url: Rewald, John. Paul Cézanne, A Biography. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1948. page number: Mentioned: p. 139, 164; reproduced: fig. 88 url: "The Springtime of Impressionsim." Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. Bulletin. 18, no 7 (1948) page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 5 url: Rewald, John. The Ordeal of Paul Cézanne. London: Phoenix House, 1950. page number: Mentioned: p. 132; reproduced: fig. 68 url: Vancouver Art Gallery. The French Impressionists: Including Works by Some Earlier Artists Who Influenced the Movement : March 24 to April 19, 1953, Vancouver Art Gallery. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery, 1953. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 47 url: Raynal, Maurice. Cézanne; Biographical and Critical Studies. [Geneva]: Skira, 1954. page number: Mentioned & reproduced: p. 83 url: Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1956. page number: Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 20 url: Cézanne, Paul. Exposition pour commémorer le cinquantenaire de la mort de Cézanne: Pavillon de Vendôme du 21 juillet au 15 août, 1956, Aix-en-Provence. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1956. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 41, pl. xx url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 508 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94 Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art Collections. 1960. page number: Mentioned: p. 99-101 url: "Pigeon Tower at Monbriand." Apollo: A Journal of the Arts 68 (December 1963): 485-486. page number: Reproduced: p. 486 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 177 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n201 Moore, Janet Gaylord. The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art. Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1968. page number: Reproduced: p. 38 url: Murphy, Richard W. The World of Cézanne, 1839-1906. New York: Time-Life Books, 1968. page number: Reproduced: p. 150 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. page number: Reproduced: p. 177 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n201 Orienti, Sandra. The Complete Paintings of Cézanne. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1972. page number: Reproduced: p. 117, cat. 674 url: D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: Vol. 1, no. 46 url: Elgar, Frank. Cezanne. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975. page number: Reproduced: p. 63 url: Nakayama, Kimio. Pōru Sezannu. Tōkyō: Kenshū Shuppan, 1975. page number: Reproduced: pl. 60 url: Milliken, William Mathewson. A Time Remembered: A Cleveland Memoir. Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1975. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108-110 url: Kokuritsu Seiyō Bijutsukan. Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums from Ancient Egyptian to Contemporary Art. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1976. page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 46, p 77, Reproduced: p. 130 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 219 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n239 Bourges, M. R. Itinéraires de Cézanne. [Aix-en-Provence]: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 1982. page number: Reproduced: Valcros, fig. 2 url: Arrouye, Jean. La Provence de Cézanne. La Calade, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1982. page number: Reproduced: p. 86-87 url: "Das Cleveland Museum of Art." Die Kunst und das Schone Heim 95 (August 1983): 531-538. page number: Reproduced: p. 535 url: Paul Cézanne: [exposición] Madrid, marzo-abril 1984, Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo. Madrid: El Museo, 1984. page number: Reproduced: p. 235 url: Rewald, John. Cézanne: A Biography. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1986. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187 url: Henning, Edward B. Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35, 104. cat. no. 12 url: Verdi, Richard, Paul Cézanne, and Nicolas Poussin. Cézanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape. London: National Galleries of Scotland, in association with Lund Humphries Publishers, 1990. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 154-155 url: Turner, Evan H. Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. page number: Reproduced: p. 155 url: Verdi, Richard. Cézanne. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 147-148, no. 127 url: Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993. page number: Reproduced: p. 33 url: Benedetti, Maria Teresa. Paul Cézanne: La Vita e l'Opera. Milano: A. Mondadori, 1995. page number: Reproduced: p. 182 url: Orienti, Sandra. Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Cézanne. Paris: Flammarion, 1995. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 116-117, no. 674 url: Lartigue, Charles de. Les Paysages de Paul Cézanne. Lyon: Créations du Pélican, 1995. page number: Reproduced: p. 103 url: Cézanne: Paris, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 25 septembre 1995-7 janvier 1996, Londres, Tate Gallery, 8 février-28 avril 1996, Philadelphie, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 26 mai-18 août 1996. Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1995. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 310-311, no. 121 url: Blin, Sylvie. “Un Génie Indéfinissable.” Connaissance Des Arts, no. 521 (October 1995): 46–55. page number: Reproduced: p. 54 url: Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: Landscape into Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996. page number: Reproduced: p. 77 url: Les Sites Cézanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage à John Rewald. Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1996. page number: Reproduced: p. 96 url: Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. page number: Mentioned: vol. 1, no. 692; reproduced: vol. 2, fig. 692 url: Toshio, Yamanashi. Sezannu: Zettai no Tankyūsha = Paul Cézanne, à la Recherche de laAbsolu. Tōkyō: Nigensha, 1997. page number: Reproduced: no. 94 url: Callen, Anthea. The Art of Impressionism: Painting Technique & the Making of Modernity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. page number: Reproduced: p. 170, no. 234 url: Donahue, Suzanne M. "Modern Men: Inventing/Resisting the Modern in Nineteenth-Century French Visual Culture." Nineteenth-Century Studies 18 (2004): 197-205. page number: Reproduced: p. 202, fig. 3 url: Coutagne, Denis. "Cezanne's Sun." In Right Under the Sun: Landscape in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920). Guy Cogeval, and Marie-Paule Vial, ed., 156-181. Montréal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 2005. page number: Reproduced: p. 177, no. 36, and cover. url: "La Provence Sous e Regard des Peintres." L'Estampille, l'Objet d'Art. 404 (July/August 2005): 4-5. page number: Reproduced: p. 5 url: Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. Cézanne in Provence. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2006. page number: Reproduced: p. 169, no. 60 url: Goetz, Adrien. L'Atelier de Cézanne. Paris: Hazan, 2006. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 90 url: Donley, Gregory M., "World Travelers", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 01, January 2006 page number: Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-01/page/6 Adler, Kathleen. Renoir: la maturità tra classico e moderno. Milano: Skira, 2008. page number: Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 8 url: Lucy, Martha and John House. Renoir in the Barnes Foundation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. page number: Reproduced: p. 123, fig. 1 url: Cousinié, Frédéric. L'Impressionnisme: Du Plein Air au Territoire. Mont-Saint-Aignan: Presses Universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, 2013. page number: Reproduced: p. 208, fig. 27 url: Smith, Paul. “Cézanne’s ‘Primitive’ Perspective, or the ‘View from Everywhere.’” Art Bulletin 95, no. 1 (March 2013): 102–119. page number: Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 1 url: Girardeau, Cécile. "Pierre-Auguste Renoir au Debut du XX Siecle: Paul Guillanme et la Collection Walter-Guillaume au Musee de l'Orangerie." In Cézanne - Renoir, Regards Croisés: Chefs-d’Œuvre Des Collections Des MuséEs de l’Orangerie et d’Orsay, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 11-16. Martigny, Suisse: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2024. page number: Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 4 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_full.tif