{
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"tombstone": "Prajnaparamita \ufb02anked by two female \ufb01gures, folio 1 (verso), from a Manuscript of the Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines (Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita-sutra), Sunday, September 14, 1119 (year 239 of the Newar Samvat in the month of Ashvina). Eastern India, Bihar, Vikramashila Monastery. Painting: Nepal, Kathmandu. Gum tempera and ink on palm leaf; leaf: 5.4 x 54.3 cm (2 1/8 x 21 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.301.1.b",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Prajnaparamita \ufb02anked by two female \ufb01gures, folio 1 (verso), from a Manuscript of the Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines (Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita-sutra)",
"creation_date": "Sunday, September 14, 1119 (year 239 of the Newar Samvat in the month of Ashvina)",
"creation_date_earliest": 1119,
"creation_date_latest": 1119,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Eastern India, Bihar, Vikramashila Monastery. Painting: Nepal, Kathmandu"
],
"technique": "Gum tempera and ink on palm leaf",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art",
"collection": "Nepalese Art",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Leaf: 5.4 x 54.3 cm (2 1/8 x 21 3/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
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"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Om namo bhagavatya \u0101rya Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101yai // \n\n\nnirvikalpe namas tubhya\u1e43 praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramite 'mite \ny\u0101 tva\u1e43 sarv\u0101navady\u0101\u1e45gi niravadyair nir\u012bk\u1e63yase // \n\n\n\u0101k\u0101\u015bam iva nirlep\u0101\u1e43 ni\u1e63prapa\u00f1c\u0101\u1e43 nirak\u1e63ar\u0101m \nyas tv\u0101\u1e43 pa\u015byati bh\u0101vena sa pa\u015byati tath\u0101gatam // \n\n\ntava c\u0101rye gu\u1e47\u0101\u1e0dhy\u0101y\u0101 buddhasya ca jagadguro\u1e25 \nna pa\u015byanty antara\u1e43 santa\u015b candracandrikayor iva // \n\n\nk\u1e5bp\u0101tmak\u0101\u1e25 prapadya tv\u0101\u1e43 buddhadharmapura\u1e25sar\u012bm \nsukhen\u0101y\u0101nti m\u0101h\u0101tmyam atula\u1e43 bhaktivatsale // \n\n\nsak\u1e5bd apy \u0101\u015baye \u015buddhe yas tv\u0101\u1e43 vidhivad \u012bk\u1e63ate \nten\u0101pi niyata\u1e43 siddhi\u1e25 pr\u0101pyate 'moghadar\u015bane // \n\n\nsarve\u1e63\u0101m api v\u012br\u0101\u1e47\u0101\u1e43 par\u0101rthanirat\u0101tman\u0101m \npo\u1e63ik\u0101 janayitr\u012b ca m\u0101t\u0101 tvam asi vatsal\u0101 // \n\n\nyad buddh\u0101 lokagurava\u1e25 putr\u0101s tava k\u1e5bp\u0101lava\u1e25 \ntena tvam api kaly\u0101\u1e47i sarvasattvapit\u0101mah\u012b // \n\n\nsarvap\u0101ramit\u0101bhis tva\u1e43 nirmal\u0101bhir anindite \ncandralekheva t\u0101r\u0101bhir anuy\u0101t\u0101si sarvad\u0101 // \n\n\nvineya\u1e43 janam \u0101s\u0101dya tatra tatra tath\u0101gatai\u1e25 \nbahur\u016bp\u0101 tvam evaik\u0101 n\u0101n\u0101n\u0101mabhir \u012b\u1e0dyase // \n\n\nprabh\u0101\u1e43 pr\u0101pyeva d\u012bpt\u0101\u1e43\u015bor ava\u015by\u0101yodabindava\u1e25 \ntv\u0101\u1e43 pr\u0101pya pralaya\u1e43 y\u0101nti do\u1e63\u0101 v\u0101d\u0101\u015b ca v\u0101din\u0101m // \n\n\ntvam eva tr\u0101sajanan\u012b b\u0101l\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 bh\u012bmadar\u015ban\u0101 \n\u0101\u015bv\u0101sajanan\u012b c\u0101si vidu\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 saumyadar\u015ban\u0101 // \n\n\nyasya tvayy apy abhi\u1e63va\u1e45gas tvann\u0101thasya na vidyate \ntasy\u0101mba katham anyatra r\u0101gadve\u1e63au bhavi\u1e63yata\u1e25 // \n\n\nn\u0101gacchasi kuta\u015b cit tva\u1e43 na ca kva cana gacchasi \nsth\u0101ne\u1e63v api ca [sarve\u1e63u vidvadbhir nopalabhyase //]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": "With the exception of the first line, this inscription is copied from the standardized edition of the Prajnaparamitastotra of Rahula and does not reflect this specific leaf.",
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Stories From Storage. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).",
"opening_date": "2021-02-07T00:00:00"
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"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "?\u20131938",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
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"date": "1938\u2013",
"sortorder": 2
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"did_you_know": "Although barely visible now, delicate diaphanous scarves are draped around the arms of all three figures.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "In the center of the first folio, the personification of the texts found within the manuscript is shown as a crowned four-armed goddess holding a rosary, palm leaf, and giving a mudra, or symbolic hand gesture, indicating that she is in the process of teaching. The haloed Prajnaparamita\u2019s golden skin tone and accoutrements showcase the image\u2019s self-reflexive relationship to the light-colored palm leaf that was used to make this book. The text on this leaf is not the Perfection of Wisdom itself, but rather a preamble of praises to the goddess known as the Prajnaparamita-stotra of Rahula. These hymns would have continued onto folio 2 of the manuscript, which was unfortunately lost before the volume was acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art.",
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 754",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n136"
},
{
"citation": "O\u2019Mara, Reed. \u201c\u2018On Golden Tablets\u2019: The Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s A\u1e63\u1e6das\u0101hasrik\u0101 Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 Manuscript as a Self-Referential Icon.\u201d Religions 11, no. 274 (2020): 1-19.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2, figs. 1-2.",
"url": ""
}
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"updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:05:52.328000"
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