{
"data": {
"id": 119030,
"accession_number": "1940.1215",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Portrait of Samuel Butler, c. 1715\u201320. Bernard Lens (British, 1681\u20131740). Watercolor on ivory in a period metal frame; framed: 4.5 x 3.7 cm (1 3/4 x 1 7/16 in.); sight: 4.5 x 3.5 cm (1 3/4 x 1 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1940.1215",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Portrait of Samuel Butler",
"creation_date": "c. 1715\u201320",
"creation_date_earliest": 1715,
"creation_date_latest": 1720,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"England, early 18th century"
],
"technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period metal frame",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "P - British before 1800",
"type": "Portrait Miniature",
"measurements": "Framed: 4.5 x 3.7 cm (1 3/4 x 1 7/16 in.); Sight: 4.5 x 3.5 cm (1 3/4 x 1 3/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 0.045,
"height_inch": 1,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 0.037,
"width_inch": 1,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.4375
},
"sight": {
"height": 0.045,
"height_inch": 1,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 0.035,
"width_inch": 1,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.375
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "signed right: BL [in monogram]",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 311503,
"title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America",
"description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).",
"opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 202388,
"title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives",
"description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 20, 2008 - September 22, 2008).",
"opening_date": "2008-06-20T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures on Loan, South Kensington Museum, London, England (1865).",
"opening_date": null
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "John Webb (d. 1880), London, England and Cannes, France, by inheritance to his daughter Edith Cragg",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "Before 1880-1880",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Edith Cragg (n\u00e9e Webb, d. 1925), Wrotham Place, Kent, England and Cannes, France",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1880-1925",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "(Sale: Christie's London, June 24,1925, Lot 143).",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(S. J. Phillips, London, England).",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1930",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art [as \"Samuel Butler by Peter Lely\"].",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1930-1940",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1940-",
"sortorder": 6
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Lens often signed his work in monogram; this gold signature is well preserved on this example.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Bernard Lens III was the most renowned member of an artist dynasty. His namesake father was a printmaker, his grandfather a painter, and two of his own sons became artists. Lens III was a critical figure in miniature painting as the art form transitioned away from painting on vellum. During the first decade of the eighteenth century, he established ivory as the primary miniature support in Britain, probably having seen the pioneering work of Rosalba Carriera (1675\u20131757) brought to England from Venice during the flowering of the Grand Tour. The earliest known miniatures by Lens were
painted on vellum around 1707, with examples on ivory appearing shortly thereafter. Lens spent his career in London, Bristol, and Bath while also traveling to the country estates of his influential patrons. He was painter to kings George I and George II, as well as drawing instructor to princesses Mary and Louise, the Duke of Cumberland, and Horace Walpole (1717\u20131797).
The sitter, Samuel Butler, turns slightly to the left and has brown eyes. A small portion of his dull red coat is visible,
and he wears a white lace cravat twisted around his neck in a loose knot\u2014an essential element of a gentleman\u2019s dress that was fashionable between the 1670s and 1690s and unlike the broad lace or linen collars that dominated in the early and mid-seventeenth century. A long, brown, curled wig falls past his shoulders, and one comma-shaped curl is arranged at the center of his forehead. Butler\u2019s voluminous wig occupies half of the painted surface. During the 1660s gentlemen
regularly wore wigs, and while they offered a practical solution to such predicaments as hair loss, graying, and lice, wigs were subject to the vicissitudes of fashion. The wig style seen here is that of the late seventeenth century. Around 1680 it became the norm to part the long wig at the center, which by 1700 resulted in two pronounced tufts on either side, a style not yet exhibited in this portrait.
Butler was a poet and satirist popular at the court of King Charles II (reigned 1660\u20131685). He is primarily remembered as the author of Hudibras, a mock-heroic epic poem satirizing Puritanism written during the English civil war and published between 1663 and 1678.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014244"
],
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]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "South Kensington Museum, and Howard Coppuck Levis. Catalogue of the Special Exhibition of Portrait Miniatures on Loan at the South Kensington Museum, June, 1865. London: Printed by Whittingham and Wilkins, 1865.",
"page_number": "p. 23",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Catalogue of Old French & English Furniture, Objects of Art and Porcelain. London: Christy, Manson, and Woods International, 1925.",
"page_number": "lot 143",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, no. 22; reproduced: pl. V, no. 22",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n51"
},
{
"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p.84",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.",
"page_number": "Cat. no. 21, pp. 112-115",
"url": ""
}
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"creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection",
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{
"id": 3685,
"description": "Bernard Lens (British, 1681\u20131740)",
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"alternate_titles": [
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"updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:09:20.516000"
}
}