id: 120849 accession number: 1941.571 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.571 updated: 2025-02-09 00:43:53.234000 Portrait of Mr. Shippard, c. 1776. John I Smart (British, 1741–1811). Graphite and wash on laid paper; framed: 8.5 x 7.3 cm (3 3/8 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 5.7 x 3.7 cm (2 1/4 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection 1941.571 title: Portrait of Mr. Shippard title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: c. 1776 creation date earliest: 1770 creation date latest: 1780 current location: creditline: The Edward B. Greene Collection copyright: --- culture: England, 18th century technique: graphite and wash on laid paper department: Drawings collection: DR - British type: Portrait Miniature find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * John I Smart (British, 1741–1811) - artist John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form’s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742–1821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart’s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities
above Cosway’s homogenized modishness.
Information is limited about Smart’s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752–1829), and Andrew Plimer (1763–1837) by 1905, it wasn’t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared. Little is known about the artist’s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley’s London school in St. Martin’s Lane. Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those
involved in England’s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India.
Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter’s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow’s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist’s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though
highly sought after in his time, Smart’s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women. Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from
Smart’s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London. --- measurements: Framed: 8.5 x 7.3 cm (3 3/8 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 5.7 x 3.7 cm (2 1/4 x 1 7/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: description: paper watermarks: inscriptions: inscription: inscribed very faintly in graphite on front at upper right: 161; on back (paper backing to which drawing paper was adhered) inscribed in graphite, at top upside down: 161; also on paper backing in graphite, on a slant at lower left: Mr. Jones; inscribed on back of drawing, beneath paper backing, in graphite: Mr Shippar[d] large Bracelet size translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America opening date: 1993-03-26T04:00:00 Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993). title: Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives opening date: 2013-11-10T00:00:00 Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * {'description': 'Royal Amateur Art Society Exhibition of Miniatures, Moncorvo House, London, (March 5-8, 1904).', 'opening_date': '1904-03-05T00:00:00'} --- PROVENANCE John Smart (1741-1811), by in heritance to his daughter by Sarah Midgeley, Sarah Smart date: c. 1776-1811 footnotes: citations: Sarah Smart (1781-1853), gifted to Mary Smirke date: 1811-c. 1853 footnotes: citations: Mary Smirke (d. 1853, Slough), by inheritance to her brother, Sydney Smirke date: c. 1853 footnotes: citations: Sydney Smirke (1798-1877) by inheritance to his daughter, Mrs. Lange date: 1853-77 footnotes: citations: Mrs. Lange (née Smirke, d. 1928), by inheritance to her brother, Sir Edward Smirke date: 1877-1928 footnotes: citations: Sir Edward Smirke date: -1928 footnotes: citations: Sale: Christie’s, London, December 10, 1928 (lot 8). date: December 10, 1928 footnotes: citations: Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene date: 1928-1929 footnotes: citations: Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art date: 1929-1941 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1941- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Williamson, George C. The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1921. page number: p. 146 url: Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection. 1951. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 31, no. 41, pl. XIV url: https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n61 Foskett, Daphne. John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures. [London]: Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1964. page number: p. 67. url: Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013. page number: Cat. no. 41, pp. 177-178 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.571/1941.571_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.571/1941.571_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.571/1941.571_full.tif