{
"data": {
"id": 123168,
"accession_number": "1943.392",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "The Call, 1902. Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903). Oil on canvas; framed: 160.5 x 119 x 9.5 cm (63 3/16 x 46 7/8 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 131.3 x 89.5 cm (51 11/16 x 35 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1943.392",
"current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism",
"title": "The Call",
"creation_date": "1902",
"creation_date_earliest": 1902,
"creation_date_latest": 1902,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"France, late 19th\u2013early 20th century"
],
"technique": "oil on canvas",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 160.5 x 119 x 9.5 cm (63 3/16 x 46 7/8 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 131.3 x 89.5 cm (51 11/16 x 35 1/4 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 1.605,
"height_inch": 63,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.1875,
"width": 1.19,
"width_inch": 46,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875,
"depth": 0.095,
"depth_inch": 3,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.75
},
"unframed": {
"height": 1.313,
"height_inch": 51,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.6875,
"width": 0.895,
"width_inch": 35,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.25
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Signed lower right: P. Gauguin / 1902\r\n",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 338414,
"title": "A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary",
"description": "A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (April 3-27, 1946).",
"opening_date": "1946-04-03T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311952,
"title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding",
"description": "Art, A Means to World Understanding. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).",
"opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338417,
"title": "The Variety of Artistic Production",
"description": "The Variety of Artistic Production. Akron Art Museum (January 12-February 26, 1950).",
"opening_date": "1950-01-12T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338420,
"title": "Gauguin in Tahiti",
"description": "Gauguin in Tahiti. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (April 1-May 14, 1950).",
"opening_date": "1950-04-01T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338424,
"title": "Masterpieces From Museums and Private Collections",
"description": "Masterpieces From Museums and Private Collections. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (November 7-December 15, 1951).",
"opening_date": "1951-11-07T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338427,
"title": "Paul Gauguin, His Place in the Meeting of East and West",
"description": "Paul Gauguin, His Place in the Meeting of East and West. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (March 27-April 25, 1954).",
"opening_date": "1954-03-27T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338430,
"title": "An Exhibition of Paintings, Engravings and Sculpture by Gauguin",
"description": "An Exhibition of Paintings, Engravings and Sculpture by Gauguin. Gallery of the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh (August 21-September 18, 1955); Tate Britain, London (September 29-October 26, 1955).",
"opening_date": "1955-09-29T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338442,
"title": "The Turn of the Century-Exhibition of Masterpieces",
"description": "The Turn of the Century-Exhibition of Masterpieces. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (October 1-November 18, 1956).",
"opening_date": "1956-10-01T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 301477,
"title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.",
"description": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).",
"opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338449,
"title": "Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture",
"description": "Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 12-March 29, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (April 22-May 30, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1959-02-12T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310025,
"title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960",
"description": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).",
"opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311444,
"title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum",
"description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).",
"opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 195556,
"title": "Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889",
"description": "Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 18, 2010).",
"opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Exposition Paul Gauguin. Galerie Ambroise Vollard, Paris, France (1903).",
"opening_date": "1903-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Manet and the Post-Impressionists. Grafton Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1910-1911).",
"opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "St\u00e4dtische Ausstellungshalle am Aachener Tor. Internationale Kunstausstellung des Sonderbundes westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und K\u00fcnstler. Cologne, Germany (1912).",
"opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Exhibition of Modern French Paintings. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (1931).",
"opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Five Centuries of European Painting. Los Angeles Museum, Los Angeles, CA (1933).",
"opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "An Exhibition of Literature and Poetry in Painting since 1850. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (1933).",
"opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1934).",
"opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Paul Gauguin 1848-1903. Wildenstein & Co, New York, NY: 1936; Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA: 1936. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (1936).",
"opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Masters of French 19th Century Painting. New Burlington Galleries, London. United Kingdom (1936).",
"opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "The Great Tradition of French Painting. Wildenstein & Co, New York, NY (1939).",
"opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Ambroise Vollard [1866-1939], Paris, France",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "Baron Wolf Kohner [1866-1937], Budapest, Hungary",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "by 1912-1933",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, November 9, 1943, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "by 1933-1943",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1943-",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Although known as one of the founders of modern art, Gauguin found inspiration in ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian art. The woman with the pointing finger on the right side of this painting was taken from a figure on the Parthenon frieze.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Painted on a remote island in Polynesia a year before the artist's death, The Call belongs to a series of late works that explore the mysteries of life and death. Two women stand with bare feet, as if on sacred ground. One woman gestures to someone outside the picture, perhaps responding to a \"call\" from fate or destiny. Gauguin realized his ambition of painting from memory and the imagination through such mysterious, dreamlike images.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60024293"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.392-the-call"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Haberfeld, Hugo. \"Die franz\u00f6sischen Bilder der Sammlung Kohner.\" Der Cicerone 3 (1911): 579-589.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 587, abb. 8; mentioned: p. 589",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Petrovics, Elek. \"B\u00e1r\u00f3 Kohner Adolf Gy\u00fcjt\u00e9menye.\" Magyar M\u00fcv\u00e9szet (Hungarian Art) 6 (1929): 300-322.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 319; mentioned: p. 321",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"List of Paintings.\" Art Digest 8 (June 1, 1934): 12-24.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gauguin, Paul. translated by Van Wyck Brooks. Paul Gauguin's Intimate Journals. New York: Crown Publishers, 1936.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p.51",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \u201cGauguin: Fifty Paintings in a First American One Man Loan Exhibition.\u201d ARTnews 34 (March 21, 1936): 5\u20136.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Apollo: A Journal of the Arts 24 (July to December 1936): 278.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rewald, John, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. Gauguin. New York, NY: French and European Publications, 1938.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gaunt, William. \u201cPaul Gauguin.\u201d London Studio 16 (November 1938): 232\u201338.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Malingue, Maurice. Gauguin. Monaco: Les Documents d'Art, 1943.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. xii",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"L'Appel by Paul Gauguin.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, no. XXXI, no. 31 (January, 1944): 3-5.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cover, mentioned: p. 3-5",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cGauguin\u2019s L\u2019Appel Given to Cleveland.\u201d Art Digest 18 (January 15, 1944): 8.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Gauguin l'Appel.\" ARTnews 42, no. 17 (15-31 January, 1944): 15.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cYear in Art: A Review of 1944 Including Art News\u2019 Selection of the Ten Outstanding One Man Shows.\u201d ARTnews 43 (January 1, 1945): 26\u201327.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. [4]",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n12"
},
{
"citation": "\u201cL\u2019appel.\u201d American Artist 9 (December 1945): 23.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kunstverein fu\u0308r die Rheinlande und Westfalen. Franzo\u0308sische Impressionisten und ihre Zeitgenossen in Farbdrucken; eine Auswahl von siebzig Gema\u0308lden mit neun Biographien und vierundzwanzig Abbildungen. Baden-Baden, Germany: W. Klein, 1946.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wildenstein and Company (New York, N.Y.), Vladimir Visson, and Raymond Cogniat. A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin, For the Benefit of the New York Infirmary. April 3-May 4, 1946 at Wildenstein. 1946.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 39",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cogniat, Raymond. Gauguin. Paris, FR: P. Tisne, 1947.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 116",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Unesco. Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de la peinture de 1860 a\u0300 ... = Catalogue of colour reproductions of painting from 1860 to ... = Cata\u0301logo de reproducciones en color de la pintura de 1860 a. Paris, FR: Unesco, 1949",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 113",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Elgar, Frank. Gauguin. Paris, FR: F. Hazan, 1949.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 22",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sutton, Denys. \"Paul Gauguin 1848-1903.\" Maandblad voor Beeldende Kunsten 25 (1949): 106-110.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 110",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec. New York, NY: Scribner, 1950.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, fig. 177",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dovski, Lee van. Paul Gauguin, oder, Die Flucht vor der Zivilisation. Olten: Delphi, 1950.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 355,no. 396",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Davis, Richard S. \"Gauguin Landscape Purchased from Eliel Memorial Fund.\" Minneapolis Institute of Arts Bulletin 39, no. 13 (April 1, 1950): 62-67.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Gauguin in Tahiti\" Bulletin of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts 39 (1 April 1950): 66-67",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bazin, Germain, and Marc Loge\u0301. History of Painting. New York, NY: Hyperion Press, 1951.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86, vol. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dorival, Bernard. \"Sources of the Art of Gauguin from Java, Egypt and Ancient Greece.\" Burlington Magazine 93 (1951): 118-123.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 25; mentioned: fig. 25",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Robb, David M. The Harper History of Painting: The Occidental Tradition. New York: Harper, 1951.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 789-790, 794, 806-807; reproduced: p. 788",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wildenstein and Company (New York, N.Y.). Masterpieces from Museums and Private Collections: Wildenstein Jubilee Loan Exhibition, 1901-1951 ... November 8 - December 15, 1951 ... New York. [New York]: Wildenstein, 1951.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 52",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cL\u2019appel.\u201d Journal of Aesthetics & Art Criticism 12 (December 1953): 144.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dorra, Henri. \u201cGauguin and His Century; a Houston Museum Show Reveals How East Meets West in Gauguin\u2019s Style.\u201d Art Digest 28 (March 15, 1954): 12\u201313.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gauguin, Paul. Paul Gauguin: His Place in the Meeting of East and West : Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, March 27-April 25, 1954. Houston [Tex.]: Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, 1954.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 33",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gauguin, Paul. An Exhibition of Paintings, Engravings & Sculpture [by] Gauguin. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Academy, 1955.",
"page_number": "Mentioned cat. no. 63, p. 35, Reproduced: frontispiece",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gauguin, Paul, Sigurd Willoch, and Kunstnervorbundet (Norway). Paul Gauguin : 11. November-1. December 1955. Oslo: Kunstnerforbundet, 1955.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 35, Reproduced: opp. title page",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "
Tralbaut, M. E. \"De Gauguin-tentoonstelling te Londen.\" Museumjournaal 1, no. 5/6 (December 1955): 93-97.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sutton, Denys. \"Notes on Paul Gauguin Apropos a Recent Exhibition.\" Burlington Magazine 98 (March 1956): 84-92.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Goldwater, Robert. Paul Gauguin. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1957.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156-157",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rewald, John. Gauguin Drawings. New York, NY: T. Yoseloff, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 111-115",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 511",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94"
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 51",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred. \"Cleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.\" ARTnews 57, no. 1 (March 1958): 24-37.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 27",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gauguin, Paul, and Theodore Rousseau. Gauguin--Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture: [Exhibition], the Art Institute of Chicago, [Feb. 12-Mar. 29, 1959], the Metropolitan Museum of Art, [Apr. 23-May 31, 1959]. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1959.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 68, p. 21-22",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Gauguin at the Metropolitan.\" Pictures on Exhibit 22, no. 8 (May 1959): 4-5.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"From Turner to Guston.\" Apollo: A Journal of the Arts 68, no. 22 (December 1963): 481-488.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485; mentioned: p. 487",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. Gauguin. Paris, FR: Les Beaux-Arts, E\u0301ditions d'E\u0301tudes et de Documents, 1964.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 612",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Alley, Ronald. Gauguin. London: Spring Books, 1964.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48; Reproduced: pl. XLVIII",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n205"
},
{
"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. Gauguin. Paris, FR: Librairie ge\u0301ne\u0301rale franc\u0327ais], 1968.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 313-315",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Krause, Joseph H. The Nature of Art. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 32",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. ,",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n205"
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History & Education, CMA, 1969.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n1"
},
{
"citation": "Munro, Thomas. Form and Style in the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetic Morphology. Cleveland, OH: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1970.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. VII",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald . The Drawings of Gauguin. Feltham, UK: Hamlyn, 1970.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Awazu, Norio. Go\u0304gyan Gauguin. Tokyo: Shu\u0304eisha, 1971.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 64",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Mandel, Gabriele. L'opera completa di Gauguin. Milano, IT: Rizzoli, 1972.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 440",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bowness, Alan. Modern European Art. [New York]: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1972.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 57",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wadley, Nicholas. Gauguin: 116 Reproductions. Oxford, UK: Phaidon, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 94",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n243"
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. The Spirit of Surrealism. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46-47, 185; Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 5; colorplate I",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fezzi, Elda. Gauguin: Every Painting I-II. New York: Rizzoli, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, no. 594",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Amann, Per Amann. Paul Gauguin. Ramerding, Germany: Berghaus, 1980.",
"page_number": "Pl. 69",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Yasunori, Tan\u02bco. Go\u0304gan. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Ko\u0304dansha, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124, no. 57",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Goldwater, Robert. Paul Gauguin. Norwalk, Conn: Easton Press, 1983.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124-125",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Vance, Mary Lynn Zink. Gauguin's Polynesian Pantheon As a Visual Language. Thesis Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara 1983.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 171, 189",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cLooking at Art: The Woman in the Waves.\u201d ARTnews 83 (March 1984): 104\u20136.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-106",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Le Pichon, Yann. Sur les traces de Gauguin. Paris, FR: R. Laffont, 1986.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Motoe, Kunio. Go\u0304gyan. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shu\u0304eisha, 1986.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 59",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Abe, Nobuo, and Kimio Nakayama. Go\u0304gyan: rakuen no maboroshi. Tokyo, Japan: Sankei Shinbun Shashin Nyu\u0304su Senta\u0304, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Faulkner, Ray, Edwin Ziegfeld, and Howard J. Smagula. Art Today: An Introduction to the Visual Arts. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, pl. 10",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hoog, Michel. Paul Gauguin, Life and Work. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 204; mentioned: p. 269, 281",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Le Pichon, Yann. Gauguin: Life, Art, Inspiration. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Prather, Marla and Charles F. Stuckey. Gauguin: A Retrospective. New York, NY: H.L. Levin Associates, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 346",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 109",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. The Art of Paul Gauguin. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1988.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 494, Mentioned: p. 492-494",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. Gauguin. Paris, FR: Flammarion, 1988.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. Gauguin \"ce malgre\u0301 moi de sauvage\". Paris, FR: Gallimard, 1989.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle. Gauguin. Milano, IT: Giorgio Mondadori, 1990.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 68",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Motoe, Kunio. Go\u0304gyan = Paul Gauguin. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1990.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 66",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Schneeberger, Pierre-Francis. Gauguin, Tahiti. Paris, FR: Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1991.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74-75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Turner, Evan H. Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85, 113; Reproduced: p. 113",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kimura, Shigenobu, Shu\u0304ji Takashina, Ko\u0304ichi Kabayama, Yasuto O\u0304ta, and Yasunori Tan\u02bco. Seikimatsu no yume = The dream of fin de sie\u0300cle. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Ko\u0304dansha, 1992.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Thomson, Belinda. Gauguin by Himself. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 220",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Maillol, Aristide, Ursel Berger, and Jo\u0308rg Zutter. Aristide Maillol. Paris, FR: Flammarion, 1996.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. Art and Mass Media. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 7, p. 26; Mentioned: p, 188",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen. Gauguin's Skirt. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1997.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101, Mentioned: p. 100",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "d' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 282-286, no. 102",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. p. 53, Mentioned: p. 52-53, Listed: p.118",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Natter, Tobias G. Die Galerie Miethke: eine Kunsthandlung im Zentrum der Moderne. Wien, Austria: Ju\u0308disches Museum der Stadt Wien, 2003.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rebeyrotte, Jean-Franc\u0327ois. Rebeyrotte. Paul Gauguin. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 2003.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 48-49",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle, and Bernadette Caille. Gauguin - Tahiti- l'Atelier des Tropiques: [3 octobre 2003-19 janvier 2004, Galeries Nationales du Grand P alais, Paris]. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2004.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257, fig. 4",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Robinson, William, \"World Tour Comes to Cleveland\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 47 no. 08, October 2007",
"page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-08/page/2/"
},
{
"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen, and Guillermina Rosenkrantz. Paul Gauguin. Barcelona, Spain: Estudi Poligrafa, 2010.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Walther, Ingo F. Paul Gauguin, 1848-1903 : the primitive sophisticate. Taschen America Llc, 2013.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84-85",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Figura, Starr, Elizabeth C. Childs, Hal Foster, and Erika Mosier. Gauguin: Metamorphoses. The Museum of Modern Art, NY: 2014.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219, fig. 184",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Molnos, Pe\u0301ter. Aranykorok romjain: tanulma\u0301nyok a modern magyar feste\u0301szet e\u0301s mu\u030bgyu\u030bjte\u0301s to\u0308rte\u0301nete\u0301bo\u030bl a Kieselbach Gale\u0301ria alapi\u0301ta\u0301sa\u0301nak huszadik e\u0301vfordulo\u0301ja\u0301n. Budapest: Kieselbach, 2015.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. On Modern Beauty: Three Paintings by Manet, Gauguin, and Cezanne. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2019.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: P. 45, no. 30",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Paul Gauguin: Teuraheimata a Potoru, a Rediscovery. New York: Jill Newhouse Gallery; [Akron, Ohio]: Thomas French Fine Art, 2019.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: P. 7",
"url": ""
}
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"creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund",
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"gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery",
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{
"id": 1776,
"description": "Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903)",
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"biography": "Gauguin spent the first seven years of his life with his mother and great uncle in Peru. In 1855 his mother took him back to France where he attended boarding school. He joined the merchant marine when he was seventeen and began traveling around South America. When Gauguin's mother died in 1868, Gustave Arosa, an art collector and photographer, became his legal guardian. Arosa's collection included works by Corot (q.v.), Courbet (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), and the Barbizon painters, and it was he who would encourage Gauguin to start painting. In 1872 Arosa found a job for Gauguin at a brokerage firm, giving him financial security. The following year he married a Danish woman, Mette Gad. Gauguin had already started painting and sculpting in his spare time and first exhibited at the Salon in 1876 with a landscape.1 He was asked by Pissarro (q.v.) and Degas (q.v.) to participate in the fourth impressionist exhibition in 1879, where from then on he would exhibit regularly. Durand-Ruel began purchasing his paintings, and in turn Gauguin started to collect the works of his colleagues, such as Manet (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.) and, in particular, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.) and Pissarro. He went to Pontoise in 1882, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro, who along with Degas continued to influence him at this period. In 1883 Gauguin decided to become a full-time artist. In 1884 he moved with his wife and children to Rouen and then to Copenhagen, but he failed to earn a comfortable living. He returned to Paris in 1886 and met ceramicist Ernest Chaplet (1835-1909), who introduced him to his m\u00e9tier. Gauguin distanced himself from impressionism and in 1888 worked in Pont-Aven with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), who had been experimenting with creating compositions using flat areas of color and dark outlines (cloissonism). Gauguin also studied Japanese prints and Indonesian art. The impact of these influences is evident in Gauguin's Vision after the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1888, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh), so far removed from his earlier impressionist style. Succumbing to van Gogh's (q.v.) many requests, Gauguin agreed to travel to Arles and paint with the artist; their characters, however, proved incompatible. Theo van Gogh, who worked for Boussod Valadon & Cie, would in the meantime sell Gauguin's work. For the next two years, Gauguin traveled often around Brittany. In search of a more pure and unspoiled culture, he auctioned off his paintings in 1891 in order to finance a journey to Tahiti. Upon his arrival, he was disappointed to find many expatriates and developed areas, yet he was still able to capture in his works an uncultivated spirit. He not only made paintings but also created bold woodcuts and sculptures and was an avid writer. Gauguin returned to France in 1893, where he was given a solo exhibition by Durand-Ruel that was not particularly successful. He decided to leave Europe again in 1895, moving to Tahiti and later to Hivaoa, a more remote island in the Marquesas. Because he abandoned naturalistic colors and used formal distortions in order to achieve expressive compositions, Gauguin's work became an inspiration for many subsequent artists. 1. Possibly Wildenstein 1964, no. 12.",
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"alternate_titles": [
"L'appel (The Call)"
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