id: 123431 accession number: 1943.657 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.657 updated: 2020-06-01 09:00:52.073000 Invocation to Love, c. 1781. Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French, 1732-1806). Brush and brown ink with graphite squaring lines and underdrawing on cream laid paper; sheet: 33.5 x 41.6 cm (13 3/16 x 16 3/8 in.); secondary support: 37.6 x 47.8 cm (14 13/16 x 18 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund 1943.657 title: Invocation to Love title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: c. 1781 creation date earliest: 1776 creation date latest: 1786 current location: creditline: Grace Rainey Rogers Fund copyright: --- culture: France, 18th century technique: Brush and brown ink with graphite squaring lines and underdrawing on cream laid paper department: Drawings collection: DR - French type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: Ananoff 2422 --- CREATORS * Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French, 1732-1806) - artist --- measurements: Sheet: 33.5 x 41.6 cm (13 3/16 x 16 3/8 in.); Secondary Support: 37.6 x 47.8 cm (14 13/16 x 18 13/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: description: cream(3) laid paper, laid down on board (mount by François Renaud, second half of 18th Century) watermarks: inscriptions: inscription: secondary support, lower right, in graphite: 62 [L?]3; verso of secondary support, center left, in graphite: Salon translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England opening date: 1950-04-27T05:00:00 The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England. Montréal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (April 27-May 31, 1950). title: Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition opening date: 1958-03-03T05:00:00 Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959). title: French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse opening date: 1958-07-31T04:00:00 French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959). title: Italian and French Drawings opening date: 1959-10-13T04:00:00 Italian and French Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960). title: Aspects of Drawing opening date: 1961-01-10T05:00:00 Aspects of Drawing. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961). title: French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism opening date: 1961-03-05T05:00:00 French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism. Broad Art Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (March 5-April 18, 1961). title: European Watercolors Through the 18th Century opening date: 1964-01-16T05:00:00 European Watercolors Through the 18th Century. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 16-March 22, 1964). title: Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection opening date: 1965-05-06T04:00:00 Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965). title: Drawings opening date: 1968-06-11T04:00:00 Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968). title: French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections opening date: 1972-09-02T04:00:00 French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972). title: Rubenism opening date: 1975-01-30T05:00:00 Rubenism. David Winton Bell Gallery, Providence, RI (January 30-February 23, 1975). title: Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections opening date: 1978-11-19T05:00:00 Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 19, 1978-January 21, 1979); Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (February 16-April 1, 1979); Frick Collection, New York, NY (April 20-June 3, 1979). title: Fragonard opening date: 1980-03-18T05:00:00 Fragonard. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (March 18-May 11, 1980); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (May 24-June 29, 1980). title: 18th Century Master Drawings opening date: 1981-10-06T04:00:00 18th Century Master Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981). title: French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792 opening date: 1982-01-25T05:00:00 French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 16, 1982). title: Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 1982-11-16T05:00:00 Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983). title: Fragonard opening date: 1987-09-24T04:00:00 Fragonard. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (organizer) (September 24, 1987-January 4, 1988); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 2-May 8, 1988). title: Rococo, Revolution, Restoration opening date: 1989-07-11T04:00:00 Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989). title: Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum opening date: 1991-06-07T04:00:00 Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991). title: Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing opening date: 1993-07-22T04:00:00 Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (July 22-September 19, 1993); Philadelphia Museum of Art (October 30, 1993-January 2, 1994); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (February 6-April 3, 1994). title: French Drawings from the Collection opening date: 1994-12-13T05:00:00 French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995). title: Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2000-08-27T00:00:00 Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002). title: Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Pictures of Love opening date: 2007-10-28T00:00:00 Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Pictures of Love. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA (October 28, 2007-January 21, 2008). title: Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2014-03-09T00:00:00 Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014). title: Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings opening date: 2016-07-16T04:00:00 Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE François Renaud [active late 18th-early 19th century; Lugt 1042], Paris date: ?-by 1781 footnotes: * The provenance of this work has been confused in the literature because of a similar sheet in the Princeton University Art Museum. Two eighteenth-century sale catalogues could refer to either work: that of M de Sireul (Lugt 3329) and an anonymous catalogue for March 24, 1783 (experts: Le Brun and Boileaux), under no. 39 (according to O'Neill 1981).The Princeton drawing, which measures 35.4 x 46.3 cm, has been connected to the Sireul sheet (recorded as measuring 35.1 x 45.9 cm) as their dimensions correspond fairly closely, but whether the two are the same is difficult to know with absolute certainty. The drawing in the Marcille sale could also have been either sheet. The Princeton drawing is traceable directly back to the Walferdin sale (Ross 1983). Most of the literature on the Cleveland sheet lists the French painter Pierre-Désiré-Eugène Franc Lamy (Lugt 949b) as a previous owner and either states or implies that his mark is present on the sheet's mount (see Grace Rainey Rogers sale, Parke Bernet Galleries, New York, 18-20 November 1943, no. 46; Rotterdam et al. 1958-60; Los Angeles 1961; Ananoff 1961-70; Toronto et al. 1972-73; Providence 1975; Washington et al. 1978-79; Tokyo/Kyoto 1980; Los Angeles et al. 1993-94). His mark is not present, however. citations: Possibly M. Sireul date: ?-by 1781 footnotes: citations: (Chez M. Boileau, Paris, Tableaux et dessins précieux qui composent le cabinet de M. de Sireul, December 3, 1781, no. 241, possibly sold to François-Martial Marcille) date: 1781 footnotes: * As "une jeune fille invoquant l'Amour, au pied de sa Statue; le fond présente une intention de Paysage." citations: Possibly François-Martial Marcille [1790-1856], Paris date: ?-1857 footnotes: citations: (Paris, M. Marcille sale, March 4-7, 1857, under no. 416, sold to Pierre Désiré Eugène Franc Lamy) date: 1857 footnotes: * As "prière à l'amour et scène de famille 2 dessins lavés au bistre." citations: Pierre Désiré Eugène Franc Lamy [1855-1919; Lugt 949b], Paris date: 1857-about 1922 footnotes: * According to letter from Félix Wildenstein, CMA files. citations: (Wildenstein & Co., Inc., New York, sold to Grace Rainey Rogers) date: about 1922 footnotes: * According to letter from Félix Wildenstein, CMA files. citations: Grace Rainey Rogers [1867-1943], New York date: 1922-1943 footnotes: * According to letter from Félix Wildenstein, CMA files. citations: (Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, Notable...Paintings and Drawings...Property of the Estate of the Late Grace Rainey Rogers, November 18-20, 1943, no. 46, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art) date: 1943 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1943- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: This drawing contains squaring—a grid underlying the image—suggesting it's a smaller drawn replica of a related oil painting. digital description: Fragonard used gardens as the setting for love and courtship in some of his most important works. One such scene, this drawing depicts a woman pleading for help from a statue of Eros, the god of love. He wears a blindfold, suggesting an uncertain outcome for the woman, as does a Cupid who indifferently leans on an orb nearby. Like other artists in 18th-century France, Fragonard was deeply influenced by historic imagery of the Garden of Love—a pastoral and idyllic contained landscape. He revisited the specific image seen here multiple times, in two oil paintings (Musée du Louvre and private collection, New York) and another drawing (Princeton University Art Museum). wall description: Set in a lush garden, this allegory focuses on a woman pleading for help from a statue of Eros. His blindfold alludes to the uncertain outcome of her affair, while the indifferent putto leaning on an orb suggests this woman is not the first to make a desperate appeal to the god of Love. Details like the antique statuary, the woman’s Roman sandals, and her position parallel to the picture plane (much like depictions on ancient sculptural reliefs) reflect Neoclassical style. However, Fragonard’s portrayal of the woman’s feelings through her pose and the billowing robes anticipates Romanticism, a late 18th-century artistic and literary movement that celebrated emotion as a source of aesthetic experience. --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Catalogue des tableaux et dessins précieux qui composent le cabinet de M. de Sireul. Paris: Chez M. Boileau, 1791. page number: Mentioned: no. 241 url: Portalis, Roger. Honoré Fragonard, sa vie et son oeuvre. Paris: J. Rothschild, 1889. page number: Mentioned: p. 305 url: Notable French Furniture of the Eighteenth Century, Paintings and Drawings...Property of the Estate of the Late Grace Rainey Rogers. New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1943. page number: Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: plate 46 url: Francis, Henry S. "A Drawing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard." Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 32, no. 6 (June 1945): 88, 91. page number: Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91 url: The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England. Exh. Cat. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1950. page number: Mentioned: p. 15 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 590 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n110 French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959. (also published in French and Dutch) page number: Mentioned: no. 51; Reproduced: plate 67 url: French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: UCLA Art Galleries, 1961. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 46 url: Ananoff, Alexandre. L'oeuvre dessiné de Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732-1806): catalogue raisonné. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1961. page number: Mentioned: vol. 4, p. 154, no. 2422; Reproduced: fig. 612 url: Vermeule, Cornelius. European Art and the Classical Past. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964. page number: Mentioned: pp. 129-130; Reproduced: no. 108 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 141 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n165 Watrous, James. The Craft of Old-Master Drawings. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967. page number: Mentioned: pp. 80-82; Reproduced: p. 81 url: The Elsa Durand Mower Collection of French and Italian Drawings. Exh. Cat. Princeton: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1968. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 7 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. page number: Reproduced: p. 141 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n165 "Fragonard." Praeger Encyclopedia of Art. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971. page number: Reproduced: p. 703 url: Rosenberg, Pierre. French Master Drawings of the 17th & 18th Centuries in North American Collections. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972. page number: Mentioned: no. 50 url: Rubenism. Exh. Cat. Providence: Bell Gallery, Brown University, 1975. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 56 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 186 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206 Williams, Eunice. Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1978. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 50 url: Williams, Eunice. "Rescuing Fragonard from 'a Kind of Limbo.'" Artnews 78, no. 5 (May 1979): 74-78. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75 url: Leach, Mark Carter. "The Literary and Emblematic Activity of Herman Hugo, S.J. (1588-1629)." PhD diss., University of Delaware, 1979. page number: Mentioned: pp. 215-216, 379; Reproduced: fig. 77 url: Russell, John. "A Fragonard Festival at the Frick." New York Times Magazine (April 15, 1979): 29-31. page number: Reproduced: p. 29 url: Sutton, Denys. Fragonard. Exh. Cat. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1980. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 156 url: Ross, Barbara T. "Notes on Selected French Old Master Drawings from the Permanent Collection." Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 42, no. 1 (1983): 4-42. page number: Mentioned: p. 18 url: O'Neill, Mary. Les Peintures de l'école française des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans, 1986. page number: Mentioned: p. 63, under no. 55 url: Rosenberg, Pierre. Fragonard. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 282 url: Cuzin, Jean-Pierre. Jean-Honoré Fragonard: Life and Work, Complete Catalogue of the Oil Paintings. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988. page number: Reproduced: p. 211 url: Ashton, Dore. Fragonard in the Universe of Painting. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1988. page number: Mentioned: pp. 217-218 url: Campbell, Richard J. and Victor Carlson. Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1993, page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 22 url: DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000. page number: Mentioned: p. 4, pp. 122-123, no. 47, 289-290; Reproduced: p. 123 url: De Grazia, Diana. "The Evolution of a Collection: Drawings in Cleveland." Master Drawings 38, no. 3 (Fall 2000). page number: Mentioned: p. 252; Reproduced: fig. 2 url: Molotiu, Andrei. Fragonard's Allegories of Love. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Getty Museum, 2007. page number: Mentioned: pp. 29-37; Reproduced: p. 32 url: "Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Allegories of Love." Journal of the Print World (Winter 2008): 32. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32 url: Dupuy-Vachey, Marie-Anne. "Every Possible Combination: Between Inspiration and Finish in Fragonard's Oeuvre." In Fragonard: Drawing Triumphant: Works from New York Collections. Perrin Stein, et. al., 15-46. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016. page number: Mentioned: p. 34, p. 273 no. 65; Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 32 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_full.tif