{
"data": {
"id": 123432,
"accession_number": "1943.658",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant, text page (recto); Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon (verso), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama, 1330\u201335. Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353). Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper; sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.658",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant, text page (recto); Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon (verso), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama",
"creation_date": "1330\u201335",
"creation_date_earliest": 1330,
"creation_date_latest": 1335,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353)"
],
"technique": "opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Islamic Art",
"collection": "Islamic Art",
"type": "Manuscript",
"measurements": "Sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
"height": 0.458,
"height_inch": 18,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.0625,
"width": 0.344,
"width_inch": 13,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5625
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Script: Naskh",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": null,
"inscription_translation": "Title heading, in gold outlined in black on a ground with red dots: \"Bahram-e Gur kills the dragon.\"",
"inscription_remark": "The relevant couplet is the last one on the penultimate line before the image (line 9): \"He then pulled out a dagger and tore out its chest.\"",
"sortorder": 2
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 312146,
"title": "Islamic Art",
"description": "Islamic Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).",
"opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 355703,
"title": "Persian Decorative Art",
"description": "Persian Decorative Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 15-March 16, 1952).",
"opening_date": "1952-01-15T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 355730,
"title": "The World of Miniature Painting",
"description": "The World of Miniature Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 20-November 10, 1953).",
"opening_date": "1953-09-20T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 700743,
"title": "Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts",
"description": "Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (December 19, 1955-February 19, 1956).",
"opening_date": "1955-12-15T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 701409,
"title": "Exhibition of Persian Art",
"description": "Exhibition of Persian Art. Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East, Rome, Italy (organizer) (May 31-September 30, 1956).",
"opening_date": "1956-05-31T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 374836,
"title": "Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest",
"description": "Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (April 9-May 17, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1959-04-09T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 518751,
"title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran",
"description": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).",
"opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 519268,
"title": "Muslim Miniature Paintings",
"description": "Muslim Miniature Paintings. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy, Venezia, Italy (organizer) (September 1-October 31, 1962); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 4, 1962-February 3, 1963).",
"opening_date": "1962-09-01T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 517994,
"title": "The Classical Style in Islamic Painting",
"description": "The Classical Style in Islamic Painting. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 1, 1968-January 4, 1969).",
"opening_date": "1968-11-01T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 443710,
"title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts",
"description": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).",
"opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309887,
"title": "The Twain Shall Meet",
"description": "The Twain Shall Meet. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).",
"opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 206288,
"title": "The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353",
"description": "The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2002-February 16, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (April 13-July 27, 2003).",
"opening_date": "2002-10-28T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 380961,
"title": "Islamic art rotation",
"description": "Islamic art rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2013-December 15, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2013-12-16T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "International Exhibition of Persian Art. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 7-February 28, 1931).",
"opening_date": "1931-01-07T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 9, 1933-January 7, 1934).",
"opening_date": "1933-10-09T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Persian Art. Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).",
"opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Exhibition of Persian Art. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome, Italy (May-October 1956).",
"opening_date": "1956-05-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "7000 Ans d'art en Iran. Petit Palais, Paris, France (October-November 1961).",
"opening_date": "1961-10-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).",
"opening_date": "1962-09-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Imperial Images in Persian Painting. The Scottish Arts Council, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).",
"opening_date": "1977-08-13T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Islamic Gallery Rotation (gallery 116). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 30, 2018\u2013January 4, 2019).",
"opening_date": "2018-10-30T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "(Georges Demotte [1877\u20131923], New York, NY)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "c. 1910\u2013?",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Mr. E. Wells, New York",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [
"Listed as lent by Mr. E. Wells, New York, cat. no. 433 in Watson, Arnold Talbot. Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Persian Art; Patrons: His Majesty the King, His Majesty Riza\u0304 Sha\u0304h Pahlavi. 7th January to 28th February, 1931, Royal Academy of Arts, London. 1st ed. London: Office of the Exhibition [Printed by Gee & Co.], 1931.
"
],
"date": "? by 1931\u2013? by 1933",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867\u20131943], New York, NY, consigned to Parke-Bernet for sale",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [
"Listed as lent by Mrs. Rainey Rogers, fig. 11, in Dimand, Maurice Sven. A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1933.
Listed as collection of Mrs. Rainey Rogers, no. 49, p. 110, in Brian, Doris. \u201cA Reconstruction of the Miniature Cycle in the Demotte \u2018Shah Namah.\u2019\u201d Ars Islamica 6, no. 2 (1939): 97\u2013112.
"
],
"date": "? by 1933\u20131943",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, NY, November 18\u201320, 1943 sale)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "November 18\u201320, 1943",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1943",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1943\u2013",
"sortorder": 6
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "The Shahnama is an epic poem that traces the fortunes of heroes and kings, of lovers and enemies.",
"description": "In this intense painting, Bahram Gur plunges his sword into the breast of a dragon. A favorite character from Iran's pre-Islamic history, Bahram Gur (reigned 420\u201338 CE) was a popular ruler of the Sasanian dynasty and a great hunter. He took the name \"Gur,\" meaning onager (a wild ass), because it was his preferred game, although he also excelled at killing dragons.
As evidenced by this illustration's rock formations, tree trunk, and dragon, Iranian painting in the Mongol period borrowed numerous stylistic and spatial elements from Chinese models. With the surging landscape and writhing dragon rendered with equal energy, this is a picture of extraordinary unity and concentration.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900635"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.658-bahram-gur-arrives-a"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Watson, Arnold Talbot. Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Persian Art; Patrons: His Majesty the King, His Majesty Riza\u0304 Sha\u0304h Pahlavi. 7th January to 28th February, 1931, Royal Academy of Arts, London. 1st ed. London: Office of the Exhibition [Printed by Gee & Co.], 1931.",
"page_number": "no. 433",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Erdman, Kurt. \"La Mostra d'arte Persiana a Londra.\" Dedalo XI (April 1931).",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 826, fig. 822",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Binyon, Laurence, Basil Gray, and J. V. S. Wilkinson. Persian Miniature Painting. Including a Critical and Descriptive Catalogue of the Miniatures Exhibited at Burlington House, January-March, 1931. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 29f, pl. XXIVA",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dimand, Maurice Sven. A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1933.",
"page_number": "fig. 11",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lorey, E. de. \"L'Ecole de Tabriz.\" Revue des Arts Asiatiques I (1935).",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. XIVa",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kuhnel, E. \"History of Miniature Painting and Drawing.\" In A Survey of Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present. Editors Arthur Upham Pope, Phyllis Ackerman, and Theodore Bestermann. London: Oxford University Press, 1938\u201339.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: vol. III, pp. 1835\u20131836; Reproduced: vol. V, pl. 839",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Schroeder, Eric. \u201cAhmed Musa and Shams Al-D\u012bn: A Review of Fourteenth Century Painting.\u201d Ars Islamica 6, no. 2 (1939): 113\u2013142.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 132\u2013133",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4515521"
},
{
"citation": "Brian, Doris. \u201cA Reconstruction of the Miniature Cycle in the Demotte \u2018Shah Namah.\u2019\u201d Ars Islamica 6, no. 2 (1939): 97\u2013112.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110, no. 49",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4515520"
},
{
"citation": "Ackerman, Phyllis. Guide to the Exhibition of Persian Art : ... New York, 1940. New York: The Iranian Institute, 1940.",
"page_number": "p. 246",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Parke-Bernet Galleries. French XVIII Century Furniture, Paintings, Drawings, Etc., Collection of Grace Rainey Rogers 1943/11/18-20. NY: [Parke-Bernet galleries, Inc., auctioneers], 1943.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 418, pp. 140\u2013141",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/notablefrenchfur00park/page/140/mode/2up?view=theater"
},
{
"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Bahr\u0101m G\u016br Slays a Dragon.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 32, no. 6 (June 1945): 85\u201386.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85; Reproduced: p. 89",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141210"
},
{
"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy. \"A Persian Velvet of the Sh\u0101h \u1e6cahm\u0101sp Period.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 36, no. 4 (April 1949): 46-49, 53.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141546"
},
{
"citation": "Dimand, M.S [Maurice Sven]. \"An Exhibition of Islamic and Indian Paintings.\" Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art XIV, no. 4 (Dec. 1955): 85\u2013102.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86; Reproduced: p. 88",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3257647"
},
{
"citation": "Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Roma). Mostra D'arte Iranica: Catalogo, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, Giugno-Agosto 1956 [= Exhibition of Iranian Art: Catalogue, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, June-August 1956]. Milano: Silvana editoriale d'arte, 1956.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 497, pl. LXXIX",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 720",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n131"
},
{
"citation": "Persian Art Before And After the Mongol Conquest.: [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959. the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Art, 1959.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 148, p. 43",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Grabar, Oleg. Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959, the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1959.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: [exposition], Petit Palais, octobre 1961-janvier 1962. Paris: Petit Palais, 1962.",
"page_number": "no. 1071, p. 192",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n245"
},
{
"citation": "Grube, Ernst J. The Classical Style in Islamic Painting: The Early School of Herat and Its Impact on Islamic Painting of the Later 15th, the 16th and 17th Centuries: Some Examples in American Collections. Germany: Edizioni Oriens, 1968.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 11, p. 185",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n245"
},
{
"citation": "Welch, Stuart Cary. A King\u2019s Book of Kings: The Shah-Nameh of Shah Tahmasp. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1972.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 39\u201341, fig. 4",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. Imperial Images of Persian Painting: A Scottish Arts Council Exhibition. Edinburgh: Scottish Arts Council Gallery, 1977.",
"page_number": "no. 193e",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n298"
},
{
"citation": "Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. \"Stalking the Persian Dragon: Chinese Prototypes for Miniature Representations.\" Kunst des Orients XII 1/2 (1978\u20131979), pp. 151\u2013176.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 9",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Grabar, Oleg, and Sheila Blair. Epic Images and Contemporary History: The Illustrations of the Great Mongol Shahnama. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 154\u2013155",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dickson, Martin Bernard, and Stuart Cary Welch. The Houghton Shahnameh. Cambridge, MA: Published for the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, by Harvard University Press, 1981.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 20\u201322; Reproduced: p. 20, fig. 13",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. \"Dragons, Porcelains and Demons: Cultural Exchange Between China and Persia.\" Orientations vol. 18 no. 8 (August 1986).",
"page_number": "p. 86",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ferrier, R. W, editor. The Arts of Persia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Lentz, Thomas W., Glenn D. Lowry, and Gerlach Collection. Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century. Los Angeles, Washington, DC: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 53, fig. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni, eds. The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press [distributor], 2002.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 56, p. 257, fig. 187, p. 160",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia. Iran: l'arte persiana. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig.162, pp. 198\u2013199",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia. Iran: l'arte persiana. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.",
"page_number": "pp. 198\u2013199",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hagedorn, Annette, and Norbert Wolf. Islamic Art. Hong Kong: Taschen, 2009.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 16, p. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. \"Color in the Great Mongol Shahnama.\" In Manuscripts in the Making: Art & Science. Stella Panayotova and Paola Ricciardi. London; Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2017.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217; ill. 3",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Coffey, Heather. \"Collapsing Geography and Orientalizing Pigment in a Fourteenth-Century Chromoshpere: Italian Painting and Ilkhanid Ceramics.\" In The Seas and the Mobility of Islamic Art. Radha Dalal, Sean E. Roberts, and Jochen A. Sokoly eds., 38\u201353. Biennial Hamad bin Khalifa Symposium on Islamic Art and Culture, 2021. New Haven: Yale University Press; [Ar-Rayyan, Qatar]: in association with Qatar Foundation; [Richmond, Virginia]: Virginia Commonwealth University; [Education City, Doha, Qatar]: and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 2021.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47, fig. 2.5",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. The Great Mongol Shahnama. London, Washington, DC, New Haven, CT: Hali Publications Ltd.; Freer Gallery of Art: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the Smithsonian\u2019s National Museum of Asian Art; Published in association with Yale University Press, 2022.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: painting 49",
"url": ""
}
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"creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
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"athena_id": 123432,
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"alternate_titles": [
"Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant: Illustration from the \"Demotte\" Shahnama of Firdawsi (recto); Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon, from The Shahnama by Firdawsi, known as the Demotte Shahnama (verso)"
],
"is_highlight": true,
"updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:05.266000"
}
}