{
"data": {
"id": 125103,
"accession_number": "1946.82",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt), c. 1495. Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531). Alabaster, traces of polychromy; overall: 37.8 x 28.1 x 15.9 cm (14 7/8 x 11 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1946.82",
"current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic",
"title": "Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)",
"creation_date": "c. 1495",
"creation_date_earliest": 1490,
"creation_date_latest": 1500,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Germany, W\u00fcrzburg, late 15th Century"
],
"technique": "alabaster, traces of polychromy",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Medieval Art",
"collection": "MED - Gothic",
"type": "Sculpture",
"measurements": "Overall: 37.8 x 28.1 x 15.9 cm (14 7/8 x 11 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.378,
"width": 0.281,
"depth": 0.159
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 311952,
"title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding",
"description": "Art, A Means to World Understanding. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).",
"opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302205,
"title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance",
"description": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).",
"opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 519575,
"title": "Work of Tilman Riemenschneider",
"description": "Work of Tilman Riemenschneider. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (October 6-November 11, 1962).",
"opening_date": "1962-10-06T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302145,
"title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture",
"description": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).",
"opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 442325,
"title": "Tilman Riemenschneider - Fr\u00fche Werke (Tilman Riemenschneider - Early Works)",
"description": "Tilman Riemenschneider - Fr\u00fche Werke (Tilman Riemenschneider - Early Works). Mainfrankisches Museum, Wurzburg, Germany (organizer) (September 4-November 1, 1981).",
"opening_date": "1981-09-04T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311444,
"title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum",
"description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).",
"opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 177124,
"title": "Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages",
"description": "Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 3, 1999-January 9, 2000); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-May 14, 2000).",
"opening_date": "1999-10-03T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 180667,
"title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).",
"opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 231494,
"title": "From Van Eyck to D\u00fcrer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530",
"description": "From Van Eyck to D\u00fcrer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea, Brugge, Belgium (October 28, 2010-January 30, 2011).",
"opening_date": "2010-10-28T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 441241,
"title": "Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque",
"description": "Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque. M Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (organizer) (October 14, 2022-February 26, 2023) https://www.mleuven.be/programma/albast.",
"opening_date": "2022-10-14T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 453138,
"title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster",
"description": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).",
"opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Ausstellung f\u00fcr christliche Kunst, Schloss, Mainz, Germany (August 20 - September 4, 1892).",
"opening_date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Meisterwerke der Bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter Privatbesitz, Deutsche und Franzosische Okastik des Mittelalters, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany (1921).",
"opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Riemenschneider Ged\u00e4chtnis-Ausstellung 1931 des Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Landesgeschichte im Provinzial, Hannover, Germany (1931).",
"opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Masterpieces of Sculpture, Minneapolis Institute of Arts (November 1-December 11, 1949).",
"opening_date": "1949-11-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Classical, Medieval, Renaissance and Modern Sculpture, Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (January 6-31, 1950).",
"opening_date": "1931-01-06T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Sculptures of Tilman Riemenschneider, North Carolina Museum, Raleigh, North Carolina (October 6 - November 11, 1962).",
"opening_date": "1962-10-06T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Tilman Riemenschneider, Mainfrankisches Museum Wurzburg, Germany (September 1-November 1, 1981).",
"opening_date": "1981-09-01T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Private Collection, Paris",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Aynard Collection, Lyons",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1913",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Harry Fuld, Frankfurt am Main",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(Rosenberg & Steibel, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1946",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1946-",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "In the story Saint Jerome encounters a fearsome lion, here depicted as diminutive, gentle, and submissive.",
"description": "According to legend, Saint Jerome (347\u2013420 bce) lived in the desert, where he removed a thorn from an injured lion. Jerome is venerated in the Catholic Church as a Church Father, an important early author of Christianity. Here, he wears cardinal\u2019s clothing from around 1500.
Tilman Riemenschneider focused on Jerome\u2019s relationship with the lion, creating empathy for the wounded animal. The delicacy of the depiction, which may have been partially painted to add highlights, is typical of alabaster, as is its fine polishing. The cord of the cardinal\u2019s hat, missing today, may have been supplemented from another material.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749520"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.82-saint-jerome-and-the"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Generalversammlung der Katholiken Deutschlands. . Katalog der Ausstellung fu\u0308r christliche Kunst: im ehem. Kurfu\u0308rstl. Schlosse, 20. August - 4. September. 1892.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lelong, C. Catalogue des objets d'art et de haute curiosite\u0301, de l'antiquite\u0301, du Moyen-Age et de la Renaissance ..., ivories, e\u0301maux, tapisseries, tableaux ..., de\u0301pendant des collections de Mme C. Lelong 8, 9 et 10 de\u0301cembre 1902. 1902.",
"page_number": "no. 147",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hessen-Kunst (1909).",
"page_number": "p. 29",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Adelmann, C. \"Til Riemenschneider,\" Walhalla VI (1910).",
"page_number": "p. 108",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Collection Aynard Lyon, Sale cat. Georges Petit (1913).",
"page_number": "no. 278",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kunstblatt, II (1918).",
"page_number": "p. 85",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Meisterwerke Der Bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter Privatbesitz. Band 1. Deutsche Und Franzs\u0332ische Plastik Des Mittelalters. Frankfurt and Main: Frankfurter Kunstverein, 1921.",
"page_number": "no. 143",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Swarzenski, George. \"Deutsche Alabasterplastik des 15 Jahfhunderts,\" St\u00e4del-Jahrbuch I (1921).",
"page_number": "p. 169",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Schrade, Hubert. Tilman Riemenschneider. Heidelberg: Hain, 1927.",
"page_number": "no. 278",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Provinzialmuseum Hannover, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Riemenschneider Geda\u0308chtnis-Ausstellung 1931 des Museums fu\u0308r Kunst und Landesgeschichte im Provinzial-Museum Hannover. Verzeichnis der ausgestellten Werke Riemenschneiders und seiner Schule. 1931.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 10a, p. 16.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Justus Bier, \" Riemenschneider - Ausstellung im Ged\u00e4chtnisjahr\" Pantheon VIII (1931).",
"page_number": "p. 451",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bier, Justus. Thieme-Becker, Allegemeine Lexikon der Bildenden K\u00fcnstler (Leipzig, 1934).",
"page_number": "XXVIII, p. 334",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Schmitt, Otto. Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte I. Band, I. Band. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1937.",
"page_number": "pp. 310, 322, fig. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Habicht, Victor Curt. T. Riemenschneiders Lehr- und Wanderjahre. Niedersa\u0308chsisches Jahrbuch Fu\u0308r Landesgeschichte ; 14.1937. 1937.",
"page_number": "r, pl. II, fig. 3",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bier, Justus. Tilmann Riemenschneider. Wien: Schroll, 1937.",
"page_number": "p. 27, pl. 54",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ring, Grete. \"St. Jerome Extracting the Thorn from the Lion's Foot.\" The Art Bulletin 27, no. 3 (1945)",
"page_number": "p. 188, fig. 5",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047012"
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"\"St. Jerome and the Lion\" by Tilmann Riemenschneider.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art33, no. 10 (1946)",
"page_number": "pp. 182-3",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141320"
},
{
"citation": "Pope-Hennessy, John. \"Recent Research.\" The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 89, no. 531 (1947)",
"page_number": "p. 165",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/869378"
},
{
"citation": "Bier, Justus. Tilmann Riemenschneider; ein Gedenkbuch. Wien: A. Schroll, 1948.",
"page_number": "p. 32, pl. 56",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Masterpieces of Sculpture: November 1-December 11, 1949, Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1949.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 25, p. 158, repr. p. 153",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Minneapolis Institute of Art Bulletin XXXVII, no. 29 (Nov. 5, 1949).",
"page_number": "p. 153",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bier, Justus. \"Riemenschneider's St. Jerome and His Other Works in Alabaster.\" The Art Bulletin 33, no. 4 (1951)",
"page_number": "pp. 226-234, fig. 1-4",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047371"
},
{
"citation": "Bier, Justus. \"Riemenschneider und die Schaum\u00fcngen des Lorenz von Bibra\" Munchen Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst 7, no. 3 (1956).",
"page_number": "p. 100, fig. 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 188",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n45"
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.",
"page_number": "p. 32",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wixom, William D., and Henry S. Francis. Two Lindenwood Sculptures by Tilmann Riemanschneider ; 'The Stag Hunt', Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1959.",
"page_number": "fig. 38",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "North Carolina Museum of Art. Sculptures of Tilmann Riemenschneider: North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, October 6-November 11, 1962. [Raleigh, N.C.]: [North Carolina Museum of Art], 1962.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. III, repr. p. 27, 28, 29",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Werner, Alfred. \"Riemenschneider and the Gothic Genius\" Arts Magazine (October 1962).",
"page_number": "pp. 41-42",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Exhibition Review\" Emporium Rivista Mensile d'arte e di cultura (March 1963).",
"page_number": "pp. 137-8",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Mostre Museu Gallerie\" Sele Arte (March-April, 1963).",
"page_number": "no. 93, p. 59",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n101"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n101"
},
{
"citation": "Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson. The World Museums Guide, Edited by Barbara Cooper & Maureen Matheson. London: Threshold Books Ltd, 1973.",
"page_number": "p. 78",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n107"
},
{
"citation": "Ley, Max, and Konrad Zwingmann. Tilman Riemenschneider: fruhe Werke : Ausstellung im Mainfrankischen Museum Wurzburg. Regensburg: F. Puster, 1981.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 57, p. 263-266",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Tilmann Riemenschneider -- The Early Work,\" October 7, 1981, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.",
"page_number": null,
"url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2927/"
},
{
"citation": "Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Tilmann Riemenschneider/; His Life and Work. Lexington, KY.: Univ. Pr. of Kentucky, 1982.",
"page_number": "p. 97, fig. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Krohm, Hartmut. Zum Fru\u0308hwerk Tilman Riemenschneiders: eine Dokumentation. Berlin: Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Skulpturengalerie, 1982.",
"page_number": "p. 97 fig. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sello, Gottfried, and Toni Schneiders. Tilman Riemenschneider. Munchen: Lexikographische Institut Munchen, 1983.",
"page_number": "p. 53",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Keblowski, Janusz \"Tylmana Riemenschneidera dziela wczesne (na marginesie wystawy w W\u00fcrzburgu)\" Biuletyn Historii Sztuki XLV, no. 2 (1983).",
"page_number": "p. 199",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Tilman Riemenschneider - Werkstattleiter in Wu\u0308rzburg: Beitra\u0308ge zur Organisation einer Bildschnitzer- und Steinbildhauerwerkstatt im ausgehenden Mittelalter. Ammersbek bei Hamburg: Verl. an der Lottbek Jensen, 1990.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Roberta Hubbard, \"Martin's Mill\" CWRU: The Magazine of Case Western Reserve University 5, no.1 (November 1992).",
"page_number": "p. 38",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, Julien Chapuis, and Michael Baxandall. Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages. 1999.",
"page_number": "Cat. no. 11.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Marks, Richard \"Exhibition Reviews\", The Burlington Magazine (July 2000).",
"page_number": "p. 470",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hayum, Andree \"A Devotion to Carving: The Art of Tilmann Riemenschneider\" Art in America (July 2000).",
"page_number": "p. 90",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris. Tilman Riemenschneider und seine Werkstatt: mit einem Katalog der allgemein als Arbeiten Riemenschneiders und seiner Werkstatt akzeptierten Werke. Ko\u0308nigstein im Taunus: Langewiesche, 2001.",
"page_number": "p. 43, no. 48 p. 46, no. 51.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Muth, Hanswernfried, Tilman Riemenschneider, and Toni Schneiders. Tilman Riemenschneider: Bildschnitzer zu Wu\u0308rzburg. Wu\u0308rzburg: Echter, 2004.",
"page_number": "pp. 30-31",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.",
"page_number": "Cat. no. 90, p. 242",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.",
"page_number": "p. 263, no. 94",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis. Van Eyck to Du\u0308rer: Early Netherlandish Painting & Central Europe 1430-1530. Tielt: Lannoo, 2010.",
"page_number": "p. 415, fig. 229",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis. Van Eyck to Du\u0308rer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430-1530. London: Thames & Hudson, 2011.",
"page_number": "p. 415, Cat. 229",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Tilman Riemenschneider. Tilman Riemenschneider: The Annunciation : a New Addition to the Corpus of Works in Alabaster. London: Daniel Katz Ltd, 2012.",
"page_number": "o. 25, fig. 10",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.",
"page_number": "p. 45, fig. 36",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Williamson, Paul. The Wyvern Collection: Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture and Metalwork. London: Thames & Hudson, 2018.",
"page_number": "CMA Mention: p. 232",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Woods, Kim. Cut in Alabaster: A Material of Sculpture and Its European Traditions 1330-1530. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, an imprint of Brepols Publishers, 2018.",
"page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: pp. 42-42, fig. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fukuda, Midori. Shin inori no cho\u0304koku ri\u0304menshunaida\u0304 to do\u0304jidai no sakkatachi. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Maruzenpuranetto, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced & Mentioned: pp. 80-85, fig. 25",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cLate Medieval Alabaster Sculpture: A new look at Tilman Riemenschneider's Jerome.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine vol. 63, no. 1 (2023): 10-11.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: P. 11; Mentioned: P. 10",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-01/page/n9/mode/2up"
},
{
"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cOn the Use of Alabaster in Fifteenth-Century Sculpture.\u201c In Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 14-25. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 14-15, no. 1",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cTilman Riemenschneider\u2019s Early Work and Alabaster Sculpture.\u201c In Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 78-88. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 85, fig. 44",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cSaint Jerome and the Virgin of the Annunciation.\u201c In Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 90-101. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91-101; Reproduced: p. 90, 92-93, no. 1",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Williamson, Paul. \"A Masterpiece in Cleveland Forms the Focus of an Examination of the Aesthetic and Technical Qualities of Late Medieval European Alabaster Carving.\" Burlington Magazine 165, no. 1448 (November 2023): 1244-1246.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 1244, fig. 1",
"url": ""
}
],
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