{
"data": {
"id": 125337,
"accession_number": "1947.29",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Satyress, c. 1525\u20131528. Giovanni Maria Mosca (Italian, 1495/99\u20131574). Bronze; overall: 16.5 x 11.5 cm (6 1/2 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1947.29",
"current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance",
"title": "Satyress",
"creation_date": "c. 1525\u20131528",
"creation_date_earliest": 1525,
"creation_date_latest": 1528,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Italy"
],
"technique": "bronze",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Sculpture",
"type": "Sculpture",
"measurements": "Overall: 16.5 x 11.5 cm (6 1/2 x 4 1/2 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.165,
"height_inch": 6,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5,
"width": 0.115,
"width_inch": 4,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.5
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 311898,
"title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition",
"description": "35th Anniversary Exhibition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).",
"opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302111,
"title": "Renaissance Bronzes from Ohio Collections",
"description": "Renaissance Bronzes from Ohio Collections. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).",
"opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 442134,
"title": "Nature and Antiquity in the Italian Renaissance",
"description": "Nature and Antiquity in the Italian Renaissance. St\u00e4dtische Galerie Liebieghaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (organizer) (December 4, 1985-March 2, 1986).",
"opening_date": "1985-12-04T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310227,
"title": "The Persistence of Classicism in Sculpture",
"description": "The Persistence of Classicism in Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1988-January 15, 1989).",
"opening_date": "1988-11-16T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 188842,
"title": "Conserving the Past for the Future",
"description": "Conserving the Past for the Future. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).",
"opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, (fall, 1943-1944): \"15th and 16th c. Sculpture in Bronze and Wood, lent by Dr. Ernst Wittman,\" (no cat.)",
"opening_date": "1943-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "\"Survey of Italian Art,\" Seattle Art Museum, November 8 to December 8, 1957.",
"opening_date": "1957-11-08T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Dec 4, 1985-March 2, 1986: \"Nature and Antiquity in the Italian Renaissance,\" Stadtische Galerie-Liebieghaus, Frankfurt, West Germany, cat. no. 158, repr., pp. 456-58",
"opening_date": "1985-12-04T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Dona delle Rose (Venice, Italy), sold to Ern\u00f6 Wittman, ca. 1932",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "Ern\u00f6 Wittmann (Budapest, Hungary), died 1963, sold through R. Stora & Co. (New York, New York) to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1947.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": null,
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "In antiquity, satyrs were lustful woodland deities who delighted in wine and revelry. Renaissance artists adopted them as symbols of vice and carnal love; the female satyr, or satyress, on this bronze plaquette, recently reattributed from Riccio to Mosca, was probably derived from a copper engraving of a Roman sarcophagus by Marcantonio Raimondi (c. 1470/82-1527/34). Both the sarcophagus and subsequent engraving depicted a bacchanalia, or scene of orgiastic carousal; the peculiar objects surrounding the satyress have been added by the artist, possibly in an effort to remove the figure from her lewd original composition and give a more refined meaning. The satyress rests her right hoof upon a plumed helmet. A coiled shape, possibly a snake, winds out of the helmet. To her left, a laurel tree stands with only half of its branches in bloom. Two severed animal legs are tied around its trunk and an illegible plaque hangs from one of its branches. A lyre, a pan pipe, an animal jawbone and a bow are gathered at the base of the tree. The highly allegorical nature of the work uses obscure symbols, rather than a distinct narrative, to convey meaning and could possibly be read as an allegory of physical pleasure overcoming virtue.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757881"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.29-satyress"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cItalian Renaissance Bronzes.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 34, no. 4 (April 1947): 64\u201375.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141360"
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Paduan Bronzes by Riccio.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 36, no. 3 (March 1949): 33-35.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141539"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 233",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n51"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n111"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n111"
},
{
"citation": "Wixom, William D. Renaissance Bronzes from Ohio Collections. 1975.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 91, repr.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Meller, Peter. \u201cRiccio\u2019s Satyress Triumphant: Its Source, Its Meaning.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 63, no. 10 (December 1976): 324\u2013334.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 324, fig. 1; Mentioned: p. 325-334",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152666"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n121"
},
{
"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cRecent Accessions of Italian Renaissance Decorative Arts, Part I: Incorporating Notes on the Sculptor Severo Da Ravenna.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 73, no. 3 (March 1986): 74\u2013138.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 115, fig. 106",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159934"
},
{
"citation": "Schulz, Anne Markham. The History of Venetian Renaissance Sculpture, Ca. 1400-1530. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2017.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 334",
"url": null
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.29",
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"date_created": "2008-07-02T13:44:48",
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"creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 125337,
"creators": [
{
"id": 60127,
"description": "Giovanni Maria Mosca (Italian, 1495/99\u20131574)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
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"birth_year": "1495",
"death_year": "1574",
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"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1947-01-17T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1525,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 1525\u20131528",
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"alternate_titles": [
"Satyress Triumphant"
],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-08-21 12:43:14.145000"
}
}