{
"data": {
"id": 127746,
"accession_number": "1950.400",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Baptism of Christ, 1580s. Workshop of Jacopo Tintoretto (Italian, 1518\u20131594). Oil on canvas; framed: 200 x 286.5 x 14 cm (78 3/4 x 112 13/16 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 169 x 251.4 cm (66 9/16 x 99 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1950.400",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Baptism of Christ",
"creation_date": "1580s",
"creation_date_earliest": 1580,
"creation_date_latest": 1589,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Italy"
],
"technique": "oil on canvas",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 200 x 286.5 x 14 cm (78 3/4 x 112 13/16 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 169 x 251.4 cm (66 9/16 x 99 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 2.0,
"height_inch": 78,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 2.865,
"width_inch": 112,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.8125,
"depth": 0.14,
"depth_inch": 5,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.5
},
"unframed": {
"height": 1.69,
"height_inch": 66,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5625,
"width": 2.514,
"width_inch": 99,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.0
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 300859,
"title": "The Venetian Tradition",
"description": "The Venetian Tradition. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).",
"opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 301477,
"title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.",
"description": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).",
"opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 675826,
"title": "Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses",
"description": "Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 2025-February 1, 2026).",
"opening_date": "2025-11-09T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "British Institution. London, United Kingdom (1859).",
"opening_date": "1859-01-01T04:56:02Z"
},
{
"description": "Leeds, United Kingdom (1868).",
"opening_date": "1868-01-01T04:56:02Z"
},
{
"description": "Exhibition of the Works of the Old Masters. Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1873).",
"opening_date": "1873-01-01T04:56:02Z"
},
{
"description": "Exhibition of the Arthur Sachs Collection. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (July 22\u2013October 18, 1946); California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (1947).",
"opening_date": "1946-07-22T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Count Schulenberg (Zell), sold, Christie's, London, April 12\u201313, 1775, to William Markham, Bishop of Chester.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1738\u20131775",
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "by inheritance to his son, Colonel William T. Markham.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "by 1853 until at least 1869",
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "Captain R. A. Markham.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "until at least 1910",
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "E. G. Markham, London and Southcliff, Bembridge, Isle of Wight.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "until 1923",
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "[Durlacher Brothers, London].",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "from 1923 to at least 1929",
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "Arthur Sachs, Paris and New York.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "by 1931",
"sortorder": null
},
{
"description": "[Jacques Seligman & Co., New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1950",
"sortorder": null
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": null,
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Based on a passage from the New Testament book of Matthew, this work depicts Saint John the Baptist performing Christ's baptism in the river Jordan, during which the heavens opened and the Holy Spirit descended in the form of a dove. The powerful modeling of the bodies and luminous color characterize High Renaissance painting in Venice. Because of Tintoretto's pioneering use of rich color, his work was a crucial source for many later artists.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515784"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.400-baptism-of-christ"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Thode, Henry. Tintoretto. Bielefeld und Liepzig, Germany: Velhagen & Klasing, 1901.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 108; Reproduced: p. 139",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. Storia dell'Arte Italiana. Milano: U. Hoepli, 1901.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. IX, pt. 4, p. 615",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Holborn, John Bernard Stoughton. Jacopo Robusti Called Tintoretto. London, United Kingdom: Bell, 1903.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bryan, Michael, and George Charles Williamson. Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers. New York: Macmillan, 1903.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. IV, p. 261",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "D'Anvers, N. Tintoretto. London, United Kingdom: G. Newnes, 1905.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. XLIV",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. XXXIII, p. 194",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Graves, Algernon. Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813\u20131912. London: Graves, 1913.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 3, p. 1313",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bercken, Erich von der, and August L. Mayer. Jacopo Tintoretto. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: R. Piper & Co, 1923.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: vol. I, pp. 194\u2013196; Reproduced: vol. II, pl. 89",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Pittaluga, Mary. Il Tintoretto. Bologna, Italy: N. Zanichelli, 1925.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fosca, Franc\u0327ois. Tintoret. Paris, France: A. Michel, 1929.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. Pitture italiane in America. Milano, Italy: U. Hoepli, 1931.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. ccccvn",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. Italian Paintings in America. New York, NY: E. Wyhe, 1933.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: vol. III, pl. 547",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Barbantini, Nino. La mostra del Tintoretto: catalogo delle opere. Venezia, Italy: Ca' Pesaro, 1937.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Museo del Prado, Fernando Alvarez de Sotomayor, and Paul Wescher. Les chefs-d'\u0153uvre du Muse\u0301e du Prado. Ba\u0302le: Les E\u0301ditions Holbein, 1939.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36, no. 75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bouchage, Luc. \"Louvre to California: Today's Collectors: Arthur Sachs.\" ARTnews XLV (October 1946): 75.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Howe, Thomas C., Jr. \"The Arthur Sachs Collection.\" Bulletin of the California Palace of the Legion of Honor IV, no. 7 (November 1946): 58\u201363.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Tietze, Hans. Tintoretto: the Paintings and Drawings. With 300 Illus. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press; Distributed in the U.S.A. by Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1948",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 348",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25-26; Reproduced: p. 32-33",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141687"
},
{
"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \" The Connoisseur in America: A Venetian XVI Century Painting.\" The Connoisseur 128, no. 522 (August 1951): 61\u201368.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 61\u201362",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d January 1952, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.",
"page_number": null,
"url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0033"
},
{
"citation": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56\u201357",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"
},
{
"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. Venetian Tradition: Catalogue of the Exhibition. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1956.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32, no. 46; Reproduced: pl. XXI",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance; A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places. Venetian School. New York: Phaidon Publishers; distributed by Garden City Books, 1957.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, p. 171; Reproduced: Vol. II, pl. 1301",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 416",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n76"
},
{
"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Canaday, John. Metropolitan Seminars in Art. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, pl. E12",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Seligman, Germain. Merchants of Art: 1880-1960; Eighty Years of Professional Collecting. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wethey, Harold E. El Greco and His School. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: vol. II, p. 35",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Jaffe, Michael. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: The Figurative Arts of the West, c. 1400\u20131800.\u201d Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 78 (December 1963): 457\u2013467.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 460; Reproduced: p. 462, fig. 3",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n118"
},
{
"citation": "Alsop, Joseph, and Sherman E. Lee. Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York, NY.: Art in America, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Du\u0308rst, Hans Joachim. Alessandro Magnasco. Teufen, Switzerland: Niggli, 1966.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100; Reproduced: p. 177, no. 25",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 142",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n118"
},
{
"citation": "De Vecchi, Pierluigi. L'opera completa del Tintoretto. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1970.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 124; Reproduced: no. 246",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 199, 277, 574",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Museo del Prado. Museo del Prado: cata\u0301logo de las pinturas. Madrid, Spain: El Museo, 1972.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 688, no. 397",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rossi, Paola and Rodolfo Pallucchini. Tintoretto. Milano, Italy: Electa, 1990.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, p. 224, no. 432; Reproduced: vol. III, p. 577, fig. 550",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Jaffe\u0301, Michael. Rubens and Italy. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1977.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37, p. 73, p. 109, no. 72, p. 115, no. 37; Reproduced: Pl. 244",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n129"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 434\u2013436; Reproduced: p. 435",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Osler, W. Roscoe. Tintoretto. London, United Kingdom: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1882.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Colnaghi Foundation, and Rubenshuis (Antwerp, Belgium). David Bowie's Tintoretto: Angel Foretelling the Martyrdom of Saint Catherine of Alexandria. London : Colnaghi Foundation, 2017.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104; Reproduced: p. 105, fig. 88",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Tintoretto, Benjamin van Beneden, Irene Brooke, Maja Neerman, Christina Currie, Xavier F. Salomon, and John Julius Norwich. David Bowie's Tintoretto: The Lost Church of San Geminiano. 2019.",
"page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 120\u2013121; Fig. 108 and Fig. 108b",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96\u201397, pl. 4",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.400",
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"alternate_images": [],
"creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 127746,
"creators": [
{
"id": 2336,
"description": "Jacopo Tintoretto (Italian, 1518\u20131594)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": "workshop of",
"role": "artist",
"biography": null,
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1518",
"death_year": "1594",
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],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1950-11-07T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1580,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "1580s",
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"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
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"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": true,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
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"updated_at": "2026-08-21 12:43:14.344000"
}
}