{
    "data": {
        "id": 128827,
        "accession_number": "1951.446",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Fragment of an Antiphonary with Historiated Initial (S): The Stoning of St. Stephen, c. 1370\u201372. Nicol\u00f2 da Bologna (Italian, c. 1325\u20131403). Ink, tempera, and gold on parchment; sheet: 33 x 33 cm (13 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1951.446",
        "current_location": null,
        "title": "Fragment of an Antiphonary with Historiated Initial (S): The Stoning of St. Stephen",
        "creation_date": "c. 1370\u201372",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1370,
        "creation_date_latest": 1372,
        "artists_tags": [
            "male"
        ],
        "culture": [
            "Italy, Bologna"
        ],
        "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on parchment",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "Medieval Art",
        "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations",
        "type": "Manuscript",
        "measurements": "Sheet: 33 x 33 cm (13 x 13 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "sheet": {
                "height": 0.33,
                "height_inch": 13,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.0,
                "width": 0.33,
                "width_inch": 13,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.0
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [
                {
                    "id": 304213,
                    "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440",
                    "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).",
                    "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"
                },
                {
                    "id": 445958,
                    "title": "Untitled Exhibition",
                    "description": "<i>Untitled Exhibition</i>. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 13-November 9, 1973).",
                    "opening_date": "1973-08-13T04:00:00"
                },
                {
                    "id": 445103,
                    "title": "Italian Renaissance Illuminations",
                    "description": "<i>Italian Renaissance Illuminations</i>. High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (organizer) (December 16, 1973-February 15, 1974).",
                    "opening_date": "1973-12-16T05:00:00"
                },
                {
                    "id": 311502,
                    "title": "The Decorated Letter and the Illuminator's Art",
                    "description": "<i>The Decorated Letter and the Illuminator's Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 19, 1993).",
                    "opening_date": "1993-09-25T04:00:00"
                }
            ],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": null,
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "Saint Stephen is honored as the Christian church's first martyr. The illuminator of this initial has crowded the scene of the saint's death within the interior space of the letter <em>S</em>. Stephen emerges from the lower curve as his tormentors hurl stones from above. The center curve of the letter passes between figures to suggest a barrier. The activity of the initial's artist, Nicol\u00f2 da Bologna, is well documented in Bologna's archives. By the late 1380s he enjoyed the appointment of illuminator to the city. Nicol\u00f2 and his workshop were frequently called upon to provide the decoration for a large number of corporate registers and statute books in the city, as well as liturgical books for Bologna's various churches.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79909314"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.446-fragment-of-an-antip"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cBolognese Miniatures at the Cleveland Museum.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 8 (October 1983): 314\u2013351.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 332-333, fig. 37",
                "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159829"
            }
        ],
        "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.446",
        "images": {
            "annotation": null,
            "web": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.446/1951.446_web.jpg",
                "width": "904",
                "height": "893",
                "filesize": "634440",
                "filename": "1951.446_web.jpg"
            },
            "print": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.446/1951.446_print.jpg",
                "width": "3400",
                "height": "3359",
                "filesize": "2704991",
                "filename": "1951.446_print.jpg"
            },
            "full": {
                "url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.446/1951.446_full.tif",
                "width": "4263",
                "height": "4212",
                "filesize": "53906040",
                "filename": "1951.446_full.tif"
            }
        },
        "alternate_images": [],
        "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund",
        "image_credit": null,
        "sketchfab_id": null,
        "sketchfab_url": null,
        "gallery_donor_text": null,
        "athena_id": 128827,
        "creators": [
            {
                "id": 7802,
                "description": "Nicol\u00f2 da Bologna (Italian, c. 1325\u20131403)",
                "extent": null,
                "qualifier": null,
                "role": "artist",
                "biography": null,
                "name_in_original_language": null,
                "birth_year": "1325",
                "death_year": "1403",
                "use_in_caption": true,
                "include_extent": false,
                "weight": 1
            }
        ],
        "legal_status": "accessioned",
        "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00",
        "sortable_date": 1370,
        "date_added_to_oa": null,
        "date_text": "c. 1370\u201372",
        "collapse_artists": false,
        "on_loan": false,
        "recently_acquired": false,
        "record_type": "object",
        "conservation_statement": null,
        "has_conservation_images": false,
        "cover_accession_number": null,
        "is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
        "impression": null,
        "alternate_titles": [],
        "is_highlight": false,
        "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:06.502000"
    }
}