{
"data": {
"id": 130600,
"accession_number": "1953.322",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Portrait of Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, later King of the French, 1804. Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821). Watercolor on ivory in a gold locket frame; framed: 7.5 x 6.6 cm (2 15/16 x 2 5/8 in.); unframed: 6.3 x 5.4 cm (2 1/2 x 2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1953.322",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Portrait of Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, later King of the French",
"creation_date": "1804",
"creation_date_earliest": 1804,
"creation_date_latest": 1804,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"England, early 19th Century"
],
"technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold locket frame",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960",
"type": "Portrait Miniature",
"measurements": "Framed: 7.5 x 6.6 cm (2 15/16 x 2 5/8 in.); Unframed: 6.3 x 5.4 cm (2 1/2 x 2 1/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 0.075,
"height_inch": 2,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.9375,
"width": 0.066,
"width_inch": 2,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.625
},
"unframed": {
"height": 0.063,
"height_inch": 2,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5,
"width": 0.054,
"width_inch": 2,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.125
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "signed on backing: Rdus Cosway / R.A. et F.S.A. / Primarius Pictor / Serenissimi Walliae / Principie / Pinxit / 1804.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
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],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 311503,
"title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America",
"description": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).",
"opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 202388,
"title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives",
"description": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Prince Henri d'Orl\u00e9ans, Comte de Paris (1908-1999).",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "Before 19??",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "(H. E. Backer, London, England)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH. gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "By 1953-1953",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1953-",
"sortorder": 4
}
],
"find_spot": null,
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"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Without DNA analysis it is impossible to know to whom the hair belonged, though the most likely candidate is Louis-Philippe himself.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Louis-Philippe (1773\u20131850, king of the French 1830\u201348) was the son of Louis-Philippe Joseph, duc d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, who was known as Philippe-Egalit\u00e9 during the French Revolution. The Orl\u00e9ans family was a branch of the House of Bourbon. This work was painted while Louis-Philippe was in exile and living in England from 1800 until 1815, when Napoleon abdicated. He finally succeeded Charles X as king of France in 1830. During the February Revolution of 1848, Louis-Philippe was again forced into exile in England where he died two years later.
Richard Cosway had painted Louis-Philippe (as well as his siblings and father) when the family was in England immediately following the outbreak of revolution in 1789. Louis-Philippe would have been thirty-one years old when this work was executed. He wears the Order of the Holy Spirit, a chivalric order of the French monarchy, which can be distinguished by its white dove surrounded by green flames at the center of a Maltese cross, with fleur-de-lis between the arms of the cross.
Instead of the brilliant turquoise and white cloud background traditionally associated with Cosway, this miniature has the more restrained, gray, hatched background that characterizes the artist\u2019s later works. The surface of the work is much marred by an irreversible crystallization of the paint layer that further emphasizes the gray tones throughout. The form of the unmarked case is typically English, but the motif is French, which may indicate a French goldsmith imitating the English style. The motif resembles a swan composed of foliate scrolls. A lock of plaited brown hair is also enclosed under glass within the locket, facing the miniature.",
"external_resources": {
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"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912529"
],
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"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.322-portrait-of-louis-ph"
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "Walker, R. J. B. The Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century Miniatures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.",
"page_number": "p. 96, cat. 191",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.",
"page_number": "p. 282",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Lloyd, Stephen, and Richard Cosway. Richard Cosway. London: Unicorn Press, 2005.",
"page_number": "p. 86",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. 2013.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2013.",
"page_number": "Cat. no. 68, pp. 258-262",
"url": ""
}
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"creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection",
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"id": 3700,
"description": "Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821)",
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"biography": "Richard Cosway was Arguably the most fashionable miniature painter in London during the art form\u2019s golden age in
late-eighteenth-century Britain. Also an accomplished painter in oils, Cosway was equally well known for his flamboyant character and the stunning art collection that secured his reputation as an arbiter of taste and model of connoisseurship. His elegant portraits in miniature were coveted by sitters who sought glamour even if it was at the expense of truthfulness. Cosway and his wife, Maria (ne\u00e9 Hadfield), maintained an elite circle of friends who helped define what
was au courant for the age and who consisted primarily of cultural luminaries and young members of high society revolving around George Augustus Frederick, the prince of Wales himself. His steady patronage from 1780 until 1808 fixed Cosway\u2019s popularity within fashionable society. From 1785 Cosway\u2019s miniatures were signed on the back: \u201cPrimarius Pictor Serenissimi Walliae Principis\u201d (Principal Painter to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales), a pompous Latin designation that garnered the artist both fame and ridicule. Cosway was a successful artist-celebrity in his own time, and, in spite of being criticized periodically for being too superficially pretty, his miniatures have always been among the most desired by collectors. The Cleveland Museum of Art owns five miniatures by Cosway, painted between 1785 and 1805, that are representative of the artist\u2019s stylistic range during the height of his career.",
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"birth_year": "1742",
"death_year": "1821",
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"sortable_date": 1804,
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"alternate_titles": [
"Louis Philippe"
],
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"updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:45:24.194000"
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