{
    "data": {
        "id": 130708,
        "accession_number": "1953.425",
        "share_license_status": "CC0",
        "tombstone": "Plaque, 1500s\u20131600s. Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild. Copper alloy; overall: 49.4 x 30.6 cm (19 7/16 x 12 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.425",
        "current_location": "108A African",
        "title": "Plaque",
        "creation_date": "1500s\u20131600s",
        "creation_date_earliest": 1500,
        "creation_date_latest": 1699,
        "artists_tags": [],
        "culture": [
            "Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild"
        ],
        "technique": "Copper alloy",
        "support_materials": [],
        "department": "African Art",
        "collection": "African Art",
        "type": "Sculpture",
        "measurements": "Overall: 49.4 x 30.6 cm (19 7/16 x 12 1/16 in.)",
        "dimensions": {
            "overall": {
                "height": 0.494,
                "height_inch": 19,
                "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
                "width": 0.306,
                "width_inch": 12,
                "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625
            }
        },
        "state_of_the_work": null,
        "edition_of_the_work": null,
        "copyright": null,
        "inscriptions": [],
        "exhibitions": {
            "current": [
                {
                    "id": 519209,
                    "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man",
                    "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).",
                    "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"
                }
            ],
            "legacy": []
        },
        "provenance": [
            {
                "description": "Commissioned from the Igun Eronmwon",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "1500s-1600s",
                "sortorder": 1
            },
            {
                "description": "by descent to \u1eccba Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n (Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n Nogbaisi, [c. 1857\u20131914, r. 1888\u201397], Royal Palace, Benin City, until the Siege of Benin (1897)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "c. 1857-1897",
                "sortorder": 2
            },
            {
                "description": "possibly Sir Admiral Rawson",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "?-?",
                "sortorder": 3
            },
            {
                "description": "(John Wise Ltd., New York City, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": [],
                "date": "?-1953",
                "sortorder": 4
            },
            {
                "description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
                "citations": [],
                "footnotes": null,
                "date": "1953-",
                "sortorder": 5
            }
        ],
        "find_spot": null,
        "related_works": [],
        "former_accession_numbers": [],
        "did_you_know": "The bent sides of this plaque once helped attach it to wooden beams in a palace.",
        "early_education_description": null,
        "artlens_description": null,
        "description": "Craftsmen modeled brass plaques like this in wax before casting them with hot metal. Molds pushed out figures\u2019 general shapes, then details\u2014such as this warrior\u2019s staff and court sword (<em>\u1eb9b\u1eb9n</em>)\u2014were added by hand. Reflecting Benin\u2019s global connections, the incised flowers may have Islamic or European origins. Called <em>ebe-am\u1eb9n</em> (river leaves) they are identified with Ol\u00f3kun, god of the waters. The interlaced side motifs may connect several early plaques also linked by topic and style. The palace plaques were in storage before the 1897 Siege of Benin. Recently, an art historian virtually reconstructed their former display in the palace based on their dimensions and imagery.",
        "external_resources": {
            "wikidata": [
                "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757724"
            ],
            "internet_archive": [
                "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.425-plaque"
            ]
        },
        "citations": [
            {
                "citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955.</em> [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41; Reproduced: no. 58",
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 384",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"
            },
            {
                "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
                "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n326"
            },
            {
                "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
                "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n326"
            },
            {
                "citation": "Wixom, WIlliam D. \"African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>African Arts</em>. 10, no. 3. (April 1977) 16-25.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19; Reproduced: p. 25, fig 13.",
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
                "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 411",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n431"
            },
            {
                "citation": "Gunsch, Kathryn Wysocki. <em>The Benin Plaques: A 16th Century Imperial Monument.</em> London : Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, 2018.",
                "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99; Reproduced: p. 100, fig. 5.37",
                "url": null
            },
            {
                "citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cArt from the Benin Kingdom.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 34-35.",
                "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 34.",
                "url": ""
            },
            {
                "citation": "<em>Digital Benin, </em>Markk Museum Am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Kunste der Welt<em>, (</em>Last Updated: 2021-02-13)",
                "page_number": "ID 130708",
                "url": "https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/8_130708"
            }
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        "alternate_titles": [
            "Plaque of a Warrior-Chief"
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}