{
"data": {
"id": 130939,
"accession_number": "1953.628",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head (\u725b\u9996\u7389\u4eba), c. 4700\u20132920 BCE. Northeast China, Neolithic period, probably Hongshan culture (4700\u20132920 BCE). Jade (nephrite); 14.6 x 6 x 4.1 cm (5 3/4 x 2 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Severance A. Millikin, 1953.628",
"current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China",
"title": "Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head",
"title_in_original_language": "\u725b\u9996\u7389\u4eba",
"creation_date": "c. 4700\u20132920 BCE",
"creation_date_earliest": -4710,
"creation_date_latest": -2910,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Northeast China, Neolithic period, probably Hongshan culture (4700\u20132920 BCE)"
],
"technique": "jade (nephrite)",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "China - Neolithic",
"type": "Jade",
"measurements": "14.6 x 6 x 4.1 cm (5 3/4 x 2 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.132,
"height_inch": 5,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.1875
},
"No Extent Specified": {
"height": 0.146,
"height_inch": 5,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 0.06,
"width_inch": 2,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.375,
"depth": 0.041,
"depth_inch": 1,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.625
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "There are two paper labels on the back of the jade pendant: one partial label with Chinese characters and one with the typed number \"150\".",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 1
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 301168,
"title": "Primitive to Contemporary Sculpture",
"description": "Primitive to Contemporary Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 6-October 31, 1956).",
"opening_date": "1956-09-06T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 377522,
"title": "Chinese Jade",
"description": "Chinese Jade. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 30, 1962-February 3, 1963).",
"opening_date": "1962-11-30T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302145,
"title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture",
"description": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).",
"opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311620,
"title": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions",
"description": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1994).",
"opening_date": "1994-10-18T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 196054,
"title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).",
"opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": []
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Severance A. Millikin [1895\u20131985], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "?\u20131953",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1953\u2013",
"sortorder": 3
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "CMA daringly acquired this masterpiece without knowing exactly what it was. Only after Chinese archaeologists started excavating similar jades in Northeast China could it be attributed to the Hongshan culture.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "With a bovine head and four horns, this seated figurine was a powerful ritual and shamanic symbol. Drill holes above its shoulders form two interconnected perforations for suspension, suggesting that the jade was originally used as a pendant, presumably by the shaman performing the tasks of journeying to and communicating with the supernatural realms.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.628-amulet-in-the-form-o"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "\"Schamenendarstellungen,\" Asia Major 1, 1 (1944): p. 62.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cMore Early Chinese Jades.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 41, no. 10, 1954, pp. 215\u2013217.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 215-217; Reproduced: fig. 1 (line drawing)",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141999"
},
{
"citation": "Consten, Eleanor von Erdberg. Das Alte China. Stuttgart: G. Kilpper, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 78, 244; Reproduced: pl. 43",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chinese Jade. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania [Museum], 1962.",
"page_number": "no. 150",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Salmony, Alfred. Chinese Jade; Through the Wei Dynasty. New York: Ronald Press, 1963.",
"page_number": "pp. 218\u2013219, 227, pl. 35:4",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ch\u00eang T\u00ea-K'un. \u201cSome Standing Jade Figurines of the Shang-Chou Period.\u201d Artibus Asiae, vol. 28, no. 1, 1966, pp. 39\u201352.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 48\u201349; Reproduced: fig. 10",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/3249315"
},
{
"citation": "Hansford, S. Howard. Chinese Carved Jades. London: Faber, 1968.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 83\u201385, pl. 56",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Froncek, Thomas, and Hugh Honour. The Horizon Book of the Arts of China. New York: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1969.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 69",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Erickson, Ernest, Jan Wirgin, and Ulf Abel. The Ernest Erickson collection in Swedish museums. Stockholm: Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1989.",
"page_number": "pp. 10\u201311",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Forsyth, Angus. \"Five Chinese Jade Figures: Study of the Development of Sculptural Form in Hongshan Neolithic Jade Working.\" Orientations, 21, 5 (1990), pp. 54\u201363.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, figs. 8-8b",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. \"New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 81, no. 8 (1994): 270\u2013347.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275; Mentioned: pp. 275, 277, 346",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161465"
},
{
"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 22\u201323",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" Orientations vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 12\u201313",
"url": null
}
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"creditline": "Gift of Severance A. Millikin",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 130939,
"creators": [],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1953-12-15T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": -4710,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "c. 4700\u20132920 BCE",
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"alternate_titles": [
"Bovine Monster",
"Jade Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head",
"Pendant",
"Pendant in the Shape of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head"
],
"is_highlight": true,
"updated_at": "2026-06-17 11:19:43.841000"
}
}