{
"data": {
"id": 131820,
"accession_number": "1954.393",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "The Annunciation, 1380s. Netherlands, or possibly France, 14th century. Tempera and oil with gold on wood; framed: 40.3 x 31.4 x 4.8 cm (15 7/8 x 12 3/8 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1954.393",
"current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture",
"title": "The Annunciation",
"creation_date": "1380s",
"creation_date_earliest": 1380,
"creation_date_latest": 1389,
"artists_tags": [],
"culture": [
"Netherlands, or possibly France, 14th century"
],
"technique": "tempera and oil with gold on wood",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Medieval Art",
"collection": "MED - Medieval Art",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 40.3 x 31.4 x 4.8 cm (15 7/8 x 12 3/8 x 1 7/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 0.403,
"height_inch": 15,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.875,
"width": 0.314,
"width_inch": 12,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.375,
"depth": 0.048,
"depth_inch": 1,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.875
},
"image": {
"height": 0.31,
"height_inch": 12,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.1875,
"width": 0.227,
"width_inch": 8,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.9375
},
"overall": {
"height": 0.352,
"height_inch": 13,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.875,
"width": 0.265,
"width_inch": 10,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"depth": 0.016,
"depth_inch": 0,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.625
},
"back": {
"height": 0.341,
"height_inch": 13,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"width": 0.265,
"width_inch": 10,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.4375
},
"curvature": {
"height": 0.022,
"height_inch": 0,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 304213,
"title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440",
"description": "Gothic Art 1360-1440. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).",
"opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 300779,
"title": "Juxtapositions",
"description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 300926,
"title": "Treasures of Medieval France",
"description": "Treasures of Medieval France. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).",
"opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304558,
"title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story",
"description": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 186370,
"title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)",
"description": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419). Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).",
"opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 180667,
"title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).",
"opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 232915,
"title": "Emperor Charles IV (1316-1378)",
"description": "Emperor Charles IV (1316-1378). National Gallery Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (organizer) (May 14-September 25, 2016); Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 90402 N\u00fcrnberg, Germany (October 20, 2016-March 5, 2017).",
"opening_date": "2016-05-14T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA (1927).",
"opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "",
"opening_date": null
},
{
"description": "French Painting 1100-1900, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (Oct. 18th-Dec. 2, 1951).",
"opening_date": "1951-12-02T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "La Vierge dans l'art Fran\u00e7ais, Petit Palais, Paris, France (June 1950).",
"opening_date": "1950-06-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Collection of Arthur Sachs, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, CA (July 22-October 18, 1946).",
"opening_date": "1946-07-22T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "French Art 1200-1900, Royal Academy, London (January-March 1932).",
"opening_date": "1932-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "French Gothic Art of the 13th to 15th Century, Detroit Institute of Arts, MI (Nov. 16 to Dec. 5, 1928).",
"opening_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "French Primitives and Objects of Art, Kleinberger Galleries, New York, NY (Oct. 15 - Nov. 12, 1927).",
"opening_date": "1927-10-15T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Religious Art, Jacques Seligman & Co. Gallery, New York, NY (March-April 1927).",
"opening_date": "1927-03-01T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, Germany",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1863-1925",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "(C. A. de Burlet, Berlin, Germany)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "(R. Langton Douglas)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?-1926",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "Arthur Sachs, New York sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1926-1954",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1954-",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "In this depiction of Gabriel, the angel's wings resemble the feathers of a peacock.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "This small but opulent panel painting was once joined to another panel with hinges to form a diptych. Given its small size, its original function was for private devotional use. It could be folded like a book when not in use and was highly portable. The missing panel has not been positively identified but probably represented another biblical scene like the Crucifixion. The painting\u2019s refined and ornate style reflects the courtly aesthetic that appealed to royal and aristocratic patrons in the decades around 1400. On the panel\u2019s richly tooled reverse (not visible) are the arms of the house of Hainault quartered with those of Bavaria. While this coat of arms is certainly that of the work\u2019s patron, probably a member of the united dynasties of Hainault and Bavaria, their identity remains elusive.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516485"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.393-the-annunciation"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Drummond, Sarah. Divine Conception: The Art of the Annunciation. London: Unicorn, an imprint of Unicorn Publishing Group, LLP, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced cover, pp. 62-63, mentioned 63-64.",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Parthey, G. Deutscher Bildersaal: Verzeichniss der in Deutschland vorhandenen Oelbilder verstorbener Maler aller Schulen, in alphabetischer Folge zusammengestellt. Berlin: Nicolaische, 1863.",
"page_number": "p. 216",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Volbach, Wolfgang Fritz. Die Sammlung Silten. Berlin: Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 1923.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 204, p. 74",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sperling, Emil M. Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of French Primitives and Objects of Art: In Aid of the French Hospital in New York. New York: Kleinberger Galleries, 1927.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 4.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Winkler, Friedrich \"Ein Unbehanntes franz\u00f6sisches Tafelbild\" Belvedere XI (1927).",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Masterpieces of Early Religious Art,\" New York Harold Tribune (March 20, 1927).",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Seventh Loan Exhibition; French Gothic Art of the 13th to 15th Century. Nov. 16 to Dec. 5, 1928. [Detroit]: Institute of Arts, 1928.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Jacques Seligmann & Co. Loan Exhibition of Religious Art: For the Benefit of the Basilique of the Sacre Coeur of Paris at the Galleries of Jacques Seligmann ... New York, March-April 1927. New York: The Gallery, 1928.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 1.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold, Ludwig Burchard, and Alfred Scharf. Unknown Masterpieces in Public and Private Collections. New York: E. Weyhe, 1930.",
"page_number": "p. 70",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lemoisne, Paul-Andre\u0301, and Ronald Boothroyd. Gothic painting in France, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Firenze: Pantheon, casa editrice, 1931.",
"page_number": "pl. 26",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "LABANDE, Le\u0301on Honore\u0301. Les Primitifs Franc\u0327ais. Peintres Et Peintres-Verriers De La Provence Occidentale. (Texte.-Planches.). 1932.",
"page_number": "p. 220, vol. II, pl. 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Tolnay, Charles de. Zur Herkunft des Stiles der Van Eyck. Mu\u0308nchen: [s.n.], 1932.",
"page_number": "p. 321-2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Exhibition of French Art 1200-1900: Royal Academy of Arts. London: Burlington House, 1932.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 196",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of French Art, 1200-1900. London: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1933.",
"page_number": "No. 1, Cat. No. 6, p. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Robb, David M. \"The Iconography of the Annunciation in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries\". Art Bulletin / Ed. John Shapley [U.a.]. (1936) 480-526.",
"page_number": "p. 490, fig. 13",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bazin, Germain. La Peinture Francaise, Des Origines Au XVIe Siecle. Paris: Braun, 1937.",
"page_number": "p. 17, pl. 16",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dupont, Jacques. Les primitifs franc\u0327ais: 1350-1500. Paris: Plon, 1937.",
"page_number": "p. 23",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sterling, Charles. La peinture franc\u0327aise: les primitifs. Paris: Librairie Floury, 1938.",
"page_number": "p. 36, footnote 20",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sterling, Charles. La peinture franc\u0327aise les peintres du Moyen Age. Paris: Editions Pierre Tisne\u0301, 1941.",
"page_number": "no. 6, pl. X",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bouchage, Luc, \"Louvre to California: Today's Collectors: Arthur Sachs,\" Art News 45 (October 1946).",
"page_number": "p. 74-5",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ring, Grete. A Century of French Painting, 1400-1500. London: Phaidon Press, 1949.",
"page_number": "p. 24, 193, pl. 17, cat. no. 16",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais (Paris, France). La Vierge dans l'art franc\u0327ais. Paris: Presses artistiques, 1950.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Carnegie Institute. French Painting, 1100-1900. 1951.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 26.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Panofsky, Erwin. Early Netherlandish Painting, Its Origins and Character. 1953.",
"page_number": "p. 82",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dupont, Jacques, and C. Gnudi. The Great Centuries of Painting. 1954.",
"page_number": "p. 126",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"'A Fourteenth-Century \"Annunciation.'\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 42, no. 10 (1955).",
"page_number": "pp. 215-219",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142083"
},
{
"citation": "Art Quartely vol XVIII, no. 4 (Winter 1955).",
"page_number": "p. 405",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Winkler, review of Early Netherlandish Painting by Erwin Panofsky, Kunstchronki, VIII (1955).",
"page_number": "p. 12",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "P\u00e4cht, Otto. \"Panofsky's 'Early Netherlandish Painting'-I.\" The Burlington Magazine 98, no. 637 (1956).",
"page_number": "p. 113",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/871834"
},
{
"citation": "Francis, Henry, \u201cA Fourteenth-Century \"Annunciation \u201c Art Quarterly XIX, no. 1 (Spring 1956).",
"page_number": "pp. 72, 84-7",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Re\u0301au, Louis. Iconographie De L'art Chretien. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1955.",
"page_number": "p. 181, footnote 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 395",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n73"
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.",
"page_number": "p. 26",
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},
{
"citation": "Musper, H. Theodor. Gotische Malerei no\u0308rdlich der Alpen. Ko\u0308ln: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1961.",
"page_number": "p. 264, fig. 226",
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{
"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962, / B. [Baltimore, Md.]: Walters Art Gallery, 1962.",
"page_number": "p. 24",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50, no. 7 (1963): 174-215.",
"page_number": "Cat. No. 19, p. 157.",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"
},
{
"citation": "\"Front Matter.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50, no. 7 (1963).",
"page_number": "Front Cover",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151958"
},
{
"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 50, no. 7 (1963): 174-215.",
"page_number": "p. 203",
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},
{
"citation": "Bober, Harry, \"Medieval Art in Cleveland,\" Apollo LXXCIII (1963).",
"page_number": "p. 456",
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},
{
"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Jacques Thuillier. French Painting: From Fouquet to Poussin. Geneva: Skira, 1963.",
"page_number": "p. 15",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. A Missal for a King. [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1963.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/GothicArt1963/page/n3"
},
{
"citation": "Eisler, Colin, \"Le Gothique International,\" Art de France IV (1964).",
"page_number": "p. 290",
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{
"citation": "Bazin, Germain. Kindlers Malerei Lexikon: 1000 Malersignaturen, 1200 farbige Reproducktionen, 3000 schwarzweisse Reproduktionen in sechs Ba\u0308nden. 1964.",
"page_number": "p. 201",
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{
"citation": "Frinta, Mojmi\u0301r Svatopluk. 1965. \"An Investigation of the Punched Decoration of Mediaeval Italian and Non-Italian Panel Paintings\". Art Bulletin / Ed. John Shapley [U.a.]. 261-265.",
"page_number": "p. 264",
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},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n87"
},
{
"citation": "Laclotte, Michel. Primitifs franc\u0327ais. [Paris]: Hachette, 1966.",
"page_number": "p. 14-15",
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{
"citation": "Castelnuovo, Enrico. Il gotico internazionale in Europa. Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.",
"page_number": "p. 22, pl. 11",
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{
"citation": "Wixom, William D. Treasures from Medieval France. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.",
"page_number": "pp. 242-243",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n269"
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{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. 1967.",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21 - 24; colorplate VI",
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},
{
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"page_number": "Footnote No. 4",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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"page_number": "p. 20",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n91"
},
{
"citation": "Sutton, Denys, \"Dramatic Days\" Apollo: A Journal of the Arts (June 1979)",
"page_number": "p. 454",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Raeber-Keel, Ursula. Spa\u0308tgotische Wandmalereien in St. [i.e. Sankt] Peter zu Basel: Die Grabnische mit den Efringerwappen. Sigmaringen: J. Thorbecke, 1979.",
"page_number": "p. 171, no. 109",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"page_number": "pp. 170-171",
"url": null
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{
"citation": "Ko\u0308nig, Eberhard. Die Tre\u0300s belles heures von Jean de France duc de Berry: ein Meisterwerk an der Schwelle zur Neuzeit. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1998.",
"page_number": "no. 3, p. 244",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Toman, Rolf, and Achim Bednorz. The art of Gothic: architecture, sculpture, painting. Ko\u0308ln: Ko\u0308nemann, 1999.",
"page_number": "p. 396",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gratton, Marie. Dessine-moi le myste\u0300re: regards sur l'art sacre\u0301. [Montre\u0301al]: Fides, 2002.",
"page_number": "pp. 32-33, 171",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419 : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.",
"page_number": "Cat.No.18, p. 66",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Nys, Ludovic, Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, Xavier Fontaine, and Jacques Debergh. Campin in context: peinture et socie\u0301te\u0301 dans la valle\u0301e de l'Escaut a\u0300 l'e\u0301poque de Robert Campin, 1375-1445. Valenciennes: Presses universitaires de Valenciennes, 2007.",
"page_number": "pp. 186-187",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.",
"page_number": "p. 207, no. 76",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194-195, no. 96",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Stroo, Cyriel, Dominique Deneffe, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. Pre-Eyckian panel painting in the Low Countries. Primitifs Flamands I, II and III. Brussels: [Brepols], 2009.",
"page_number": "p. 198, 200, fig. 12-13",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fajt, Jir\u030ci\u0301, and Markus Ho\u0308rsch, eds. Kaiser Karl IV., 1316-2016: erste Bayerisch-Tschechische Landesausstellung: Ausstellungskatalog. Praha: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Galerie v Praze, 2016.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 448; Reproduced: p. 449, fig. 10.8",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Kosina, Elena and Ulf-Dietrich Korn. Die Mittelalterlichen Glasmalereien in Niedersachsen: Ohne Lu\u0308neburg und die Heideklo\u0308ster. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 2017.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56-57; Reproduced: p. 58, fig. 27",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Fajt, Jir\u030ci\u0301. Nu\u0308rnberg als Kunstzentrum des Heiligen Ro\u0308mischen Reichs: ho\u0308fische und sta\u0308dtische Malerei in der Zeit Kaiser Karls IV. 1346-1378. Berlin : Deutscher Kunstverlag ; Prag : Nationalgalerie Prag 2019.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, Abb. 99, detail on p. 323, Abb. 352, detail on p. 407, abb. 455, detail on p. 514, Abb. 569",
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}
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