{
"data": {
"id": 132017,
"accession_number": "1954.584",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Pine Wind from Myriad Villages (\u842c\u58d1\u677e\u98a8\u5716), late 1600s\u20131718. Wu Li (Chinese, 1632\u20131718). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; image: 109.5 x 25.9 cm (43 1/8 x 10 3/16 in.); overall: 207 x 44.9 cm (81 1/2 x 17 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.584",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Pine Wind from Myriad Villages",
"title_in_original_language": "\u842c\u58d1\u677e\u98a8\u5716",
"creation_date": "late 1600s\u20131718",
"creation_date_earliest": 1670,
"creation_date_latest": 1718,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911)"
],
"technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Image: 109.5 x 25.9 cm (43 1/8 x 10 3/16 in.); Overall: 207 x 44.9 cm (81 1/2 x 17 11/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"image": {
"height": 1.095,
"height_inch": 43,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.125,
"width": 0.259,
"width_inch": 10,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.1875
},
"overall": {
"height": 2.07,
"height_inch": 81,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5,
"width": 0.449,
"width_inch": 17,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.6875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Artist's title, signature, and 2 seals: Pine Wind from Myriad Valleys. Mojing daoren Wu Li.[seals] Mojing daoren; Wu Li",
"inscription_translation": "\u842c\u58d1\u677e\u98a8\u5716\u3002\u58a8\u4e95\u9053\u4eba\u5433\u6b77\u3002 \n[\u5370] \u58a8\u4e95\u9053\u4eba; \u5433\u6b77",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"inscription": "5 additional seals: 2 of Fang Guancheng \u65b9\u89c0\u627f (1698\u20131768); 1 of Ma Chi-tso (1900s); 2 unidentified.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"inscription": "Two seals of the Qianlong emperor [r. 1736\u201395], probably authentic, were believed spurious and removed by a previous owner.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 3
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 300427,
"title": "Chinese Landscape Painting",
"description": "Chinese Landscape Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).",
"opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 377849,
"title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei",
"description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 14-July 12, 1999).",
"opening_date": "1999-05-14T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 20-June 27, 2001).",
"opening_date": "2001-03-20T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Ma Chi-tso [1900s]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131954",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1954\u2013",
"sortorder": 3
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "A figure carrying a qin, zither, walks between the buildings, perhaps intending to play music for the two men seated beneath the pines.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "Wu Li, a native of Jiangsu province, was a talented painter, poet, and calligrapher. He studied painting with Wang Jian (1598\u20131677) and Wang Shimin (1592\u20131680), two of the \u201cFour Wangs,\u201d leaders of the Orthodox school of painting in the early Qing period. Through them, he also absorbed styles of earlier Ming dynasty masters.
Wu was highly praised by his contemporaries and his paintings were in demand, but his interest in philosophy and religion curtailed his painting activities later in life. Wu Li converted to Christianity and in 1688 was ordained as one of the first 3 Chinese Jesuit priests. He spent the final 30 years of his life primarily in missionary work with the poor.
Although this painting is undated, the sooty blackness of the ink tones and the easy self-confidence with which they are set down on paper echo recognized late works.",
"external_resources": {
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"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516500"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.584-pine-wind-from-myria"
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},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Chinese Landscape Painting. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154, cat. no. 91; Reproduced: p. 113",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"
},
{
"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 449",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 879",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n156"
},
{
"citation": "Goepper, Roger. Im Schatten des Wu-T\u02bbung-Baumes [\u6850\u9670\u756b\u8a23= Tong yin hua jue]. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1959.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 27",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 99",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Chinese Landscape Painting. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 105, 106, no. 84",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. A History of Far Eastern Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 445, fig. 589",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n293"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n293"
},
{
"citation": "Contag, Victoria. Chinese Masters of the 17th Century. Rutland, VT: Tuttle, 1970.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34, pls. 57, 57A",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hironobu Kohara \u53e4\u539f\u5b8f\u4f38. Un Juhei, O\u0304 Ki \u60f2\u58fd\u5e73 \u738b\u7fec. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304 Ko\u0304ronsha, 1979.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168, pl. 98",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Watson, William. L'art de l'ancienne Chine. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 566",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 248, p. 336",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Clunas, Craig. Pictures and Visuality in Early Modern China. London: Reaktion Books, 1997.",
"page_number": "p. 182, p. 94",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Watson, William. The Arts of China 900-1620. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 344, p. 226",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bailey, Gauvin A. \"A Tale of Two Jesuit Artists: Wu Li and Giuseppe Castiglione in Qing Dynasty China.\" in Culture, Art, Religion: Wu Li (1632-1718) and His Inner Journey: International Symposium Organised by the Macau Ricci Institute, Macao, November 27th-29th 2003. Macao, China: Macau Ricci Institute, 2006.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215, fig. 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Jackson, Anna, and Amin Jaffer. Encounters: The Meeting of Asia and Europe, 1500-1800. London: V & A, Distributed in North America by Harry N. Abrams, 2004.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118, fig. 8.19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chuanxi, Chen. \"Wu Li, an outstanding literati painter in the early Qing Dynasty.\" Artist Magazine 602 (July 2025): 260\u2013289.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273",
"url": ""
}
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"updated_at": "2026-08-15 11:17:58.238000"
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