{
"data": {
"id": 134789,
"accession_number": "1957.358",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Barbarian Royalty Worshiping the Buddha (\u883b\u738b\u79ae\u4f5b\u5716), 900s. Attributed to Zhao Guangfu (Chinese, c. 923\u2013976). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; painting section: 28.6 x 103.5 cm (11 1/4 x 40 3/4 in.); overall with colophon: 28.6 x 667.7 cm (11 1/4 x 262 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Severance and Greta Millikin, 1957.358",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Barbarian Royalty Worshiping the Buddha",
"title_in_original_language": "\u883b\u738b\u79ae\u4f5b\u5716",
"creation_date": "900s",
"creation_date_earliest": 900,
"creation_date_latest": 999,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"China, Northern Song dynasty (960\u20131127)"
],
"technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Painting section: 28.6 x 103.5 cm (11 1/4 x 40 3/4 in.); Overall with colophon: 28.6 x 667.7 cm (11 1/4 x 262 7/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"painting section": {
"height": 0.286,
"height_inch": 11,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.25,
"width": 1.035,
"width_inch": 40,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.75
},
"overall with colophon": {
"height": 0.286,
"height_inch": 11,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.25,
"width": 6.677,
"width_inch": 262,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5165\u4e2d\u570b\u5343\u9918\u5e74\u3002\u6b86\u662f\u5bb6\u6709\u5176\u50cf\u3002\u898b\u4e4b\u8005\u6089\u8d77\u656c\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e0d\u7576\u4ee5\u53e4\u4eca\u756b\u624b\u5206\u5225\u4e5f\u3002 \u5b50\u6602 [\u5370]\u8d99\u6c0f\u5b50\u6602",
"inscription_translation": "Colophon (postscript) by Zhao Mengfu (1254\u20131322):\nBuddhism has been in China for thousands of years. Consequently, the Buddha\u2019s image can be seen in every household. Those who saw such images would have naturally shown a respectful attitude. Whether it was done by a past master or a modern version is immaterial. [Signature] Zi'ang [seal] Zhao Shi Zi'ang",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"inscription": "Colophon by Guo Bi (1280\u20131335):\nA transcription of \"Zheng fa yan zang ming bing xu\" \u6b63\u6cd5\u773c\u85cf\u9298\u5e77\u5e8f by Wuwei Jushi \u7121\u70ba\u5c45\u58eb.\n\nSignature: Situi Jushi Guo Bi \u601d\u9000\u5c45\u58eb\u90ed\u7540.\n2 seals.",
"inscription_translation": "",
"inscription_remark": "Guo Bi dedicated his writing to Daoist Wukeliao \u7121\u53ef\u4e86\u9053\u4eba, who was likely the owner of the scroll at the time that Guo transcribed this text. Wukeliao's exact identity is difficult to establish.",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"inscription": "Spurious artist's signature: Zhao Guangfu",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"inscription": "1 seal of the Li family (Yuan Dynasty)",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"inscription": "14 seals of Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736\u201395)",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"inscription": "1 seal of Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796\u20131820)",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 6
},
{
"inscription": "1 seal of Xuantong Emperor (r. 1909\u201311)",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 7
},
{
"inscription": "1 official seal of the Yuan dynasty, \u201cTian li zhi bao \u5929\u66c6\u4e4b\u5bf6\u201d (Treasure of Tianli).",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": "Tianli is the reign of Yuan Emperor Wenzong (r. 1329\u201332).",
"sortorder": 8
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 377849,
"title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei",
"description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 515721,
"title": "Man and His World",
"description": "Man and His World. Expo 67, Montreal, Canada (organizer) (April 27-October 28, 1967).",
"opening_date": "1967-04-27T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 445164,
"title": "Chinese Calligraphy",
"description": "Chinese Calligraphy. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (September 25-November 7, 1971); The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (January 6-February 6, 1972); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (March 14-May 7, 1972).",
"opening_date": "1971-09-25T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304517,
"title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting",
"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 202572,
"title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting",
"description": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).",
"opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Chinese Painting. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 19-August 7, 1960).",
"opening_date": "1960-07-19T04:00:00Z"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Daoist Wukeliao \u7121\u53ef\u4e86\u9053\u4eba [1300s]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1300s",
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Yuan imperial collection (seal of Emperor Wenzong, Tianli era [1328\u201330]), Beijing, China",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "c. 1328\u201330",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperors Qianlong [r. 1736\u20131795], Jiaqing [r. 1796\u20131820], and Xuantong [r. 1909\u20131911]), Beijing, China",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "c. 1736\u20131911",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131957",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1957",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1957\u2013",
"sortorder": 6
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Sixteen \"barbarians\" pay homage to the Buddha, who is seated on a lotus throne with two disciples and two guardians.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "This painting begins on the right with 15 people following a dignified figure wearing headgear with twin pheasant feathers. He extends an incense burner toward the Buddha, who is seated on his lotus throne and flanked by two haloed disciples and two Heavenly Kings. The worshipers\u2019 diverse physical features, regional finery, and religious affiliations suggest the universal appeal of Buddhism.
The imagery was inspired by the foreign envoys who frequently came to the Chinese court to give tribute to the emperor. At the time, all outsiders were considered \u201cbarbarians,\u201d so their presence was seen as acknowledgment of China\u2019s political and cultural power.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517493"
],
"internet_archive": [
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 852",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n150"
},
{
"citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 8",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n282"
},
{
"citation": "National Gallery of Canada, and Expo (International Exhibitions Bureau). Terre Des Hommes: Exposition Internationale Des Beaux-Arts, 28 Avril-27 Octobre 1967 [= Man and His World, International Fine Arts Exhibition, Expo 67, Montreal, Canada, 28 April-27 October 1967]. Montre\u0301al: Expo 67, 1967.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 168",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 275",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n282"
},
{
"citation": "Zeng Ecke, Youhe. Chinese Calligraphy. [Philadelphia]: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1971.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 36",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 340",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n360"
},
{
"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 46, p. 60",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 29\u201333",
"url": null
}
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"creditline": "Gift of Severance and Greta Millikin",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
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"athena_id": 134789,
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{
"id": 31469,
"description": "Zhao Guangfu (Chinese, c. 923\u2013976)",
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"name_in_original_language": "\u8d99\u5149\u8f14",
"birth_year": "917",
"death_year": "981",
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"sortable_date": 900,
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"date_text": "900s",
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"alternate_titles": [
"Barbarian Royalty Worshipping Buddha"
],
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"updated_at": "2026-08-15 11:17:58.285000"
}
}