id: 135185
accession number: 1958.21
share license status: CC0
url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.21
updated: 2024-03-26 01:58:44.273000
Mount Sainte-Victoire, c. 1904. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839–1906). Oil on fabric; framed: 87.5 x 106.5 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 41 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 72.2 x 92.4 cm (28 7/16 x 36 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. 1958.21
title: Mount Sainte-Victoire
title in original language:
series:
series in original language:
creation date: c. 1904
creation date earliest: 1899
creation date latest: 1909
current location: 222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism
creditline: Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.
copyright:
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culture: France, late 19th-early 20th Century
technique: oil on fabric
department: Modern European Painting and Sculpture
collection: Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960
type: Painting
find spot:
catalogue raisonne:
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CREATORS
* Paul Cezanne (French, 1839–1906) - artist
The son of a wealthy banker, Cézanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the École Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Collège Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. Émile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. Cézanne enrolled at the École Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Université d'Aix while still at the École Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 Cézanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Académie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the École des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, Cézanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Académie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbarán (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refusés was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. Cézanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. Cézanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 Cézanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, Cézanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 Cézanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. Cézanne participated in the Salon des Indépendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esthétique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. Cézanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art.
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measurements: Framed: 87.5 x 106.5 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 41 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 72.2 x 92.4 cm (28 7/16 x 36 3/8 in.)
state of the work:
edition of the work:
support materials:
inscriptions:
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CURRENT EXHIBITIONS
title: Loan Exhibition: Cezanne
opening date: 1959-11-05T05:00:00
Loan Exhibition: Cezanne. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (November 5-December 5, 1959).
title: Paths of Abstract Art
opening date: 1960-10-05T04:00:00
Paths of Abstract Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).
title: Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art
opening date: 1965-01-24T05:00:00
Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (January 24-March 7, 1965); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (March 28-May 16, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 14-August 22, 1965).
title: Juxtapositions
opening date: 1965-09-11T04:00:00
Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).
title: Cézanne: The Late Work
opening date: 1977-10-07T04:00:00
Cézanne: The Late Work. The Museum of Modern Art (organizer) (October 7, 1977-January 3, 1978).
title: Visions of Landscape: East and West
opening date: 1982-02-17T05:00:00
Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).
title: Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960
opening date: 1987-09-16T04:00:00
Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).
title: Sainte-Victoire, Cézanne 1990
opening date: 1990-06-15T04:00:00
Sainte-Victoire, Cézanne 1990. Musée Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (organizer) (June 15-September 2, 1990).
title: Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum
opening date: 1991-06-07T04:00:00
Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).
title: Masterworks from The Phillips Collection
opening date: 2005-02-20T00:00:00
Masterworks from The Phillips Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).
title: Cézanne in Provence
opening date: 2006-01-29T00:00:00
Cézanne in Provence. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 29-May 7, 2006); Musée Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (June 5-September 15, 2006).
title: Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art
opening date: 2006-05-27T00:00:00
Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).
title: Cézanne Site/Non-Site
opening date: 2014-02-04T00:00:00
Cézanne Site/Non-Site. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (February 4-May 18, 2014).
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LEGACY EXHIBITIONS
* {'description': 'Französische Kunst des XIX. und XX. Jahrhunderts. Zürich Kunsthaus, Zurich, Switzerland (1917),', 'opening_date': '1917-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Obecní dÿm. French Art of the 19th-20th Centuries. Galerie Barbazanges.Prague,Czechoslovakia (1923).', 'opening_date': '1923-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Important Pictures by Nineteenth Century French Masters. Lefèvre Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1924),', 'opening_date': '1924-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Exhibition of French Paintings by Cézanne, Matisse, Derain, Utrillo, Pascin, Marie Laurencin, and Van Dongen. Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY (1926).', 'opening_date': '1926-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Four Paintings by Cézanne. Valentine Gallery, New York, NY (1939).', 'opening_date': '1939-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Loan Exhibition of Paintings by Cézanne. Paul Rosenberg, New York, NY (1942).', 'opening_date': '1942-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'A Loan Exhibition of Cézanne. Wildenstein Gallery, New York, NY (1947).', 'opening_date': '1947-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'The Post-Impressionists and Their Followers. Society of Four Arts, Palm Beach, FL (1949).', 'opening_date': '1949-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Yale University Art Gallery. New Haven, CT (1950),', 'opening_date': '1950-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Exposition pour commémorer le cinquantenaire de la mort de Cézanne. Pavillon de Vendôme, Aix-en-Provence, France (1956).', 'opening_date': '1956-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Paul Cézanne 1839-1906. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (1956).', 'opening_date': '1956-01-01T00:00:00'}
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PROVENANCE
Ambroise Vollard [1866-1939] Paris, France (Vollard archive photograph no. 367).
date:
footnotes:
citations:
Dr. G. Schweitzer, Berlin Germany
date:
footnotes:
citations:
August Pellerin [1853-1929], Paris, France
date:
footnotes:
citations:
Alphonse Kann [1870-1948] Saint-Germain-en Laye, Paris, France
date:
footnotes:
citations:
(Galerie Barbazanges, Paris France)
date:
footnotes:
citations:
(Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY)
date: 1926
footnotes:
citations:
(The Valentine Galleries, New York, NY, February 20, 1939 sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)
date: 1939
footnotes:
citations:
Leonard C. Hanna Jr [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH
date: 1939-1957
footnotes:
citations:
Leonard C. Hanna [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art
date: 1958
footnotes:
citations:
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH
date: 1958
footnotes:
citations:
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fun fact:
digital description:
wall description:
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RELATED WORKS
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CITATIONS
Wedderkop, Hans von. Paul Cézanne. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1922.
page number: Reproduced: unpaginated
url:
Wedderkop, Hans von. "Paul Cezanne." Der Cicerone 14, pt. 2 (1922): 681-692.
page number: Reproduced: p; 684
url:
Rivière, Georges. Le Maître Paul Cézanne. Paris: H. Floury, 1923.
page number: Mentioned: p. 211
url:
ARTnews 25 (November 27, 1926): 9.
page number: Reproduced: p. 9
url:
Venturi, Lionello. Cézanne, Son Art, Son Oeuvre; 1,600 illustrations. Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1936.
page number: Mentioned: v. 1, no. 666; reproduced: v. 2, fig. 666
url:
Rewald, John. Cezanne et Zola. Paris: A. Sedrowski, 1936.
page number: Reproduced: fig. 74
url:
Novotny, Fritz. Cézanne und das Ende der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Wien: A. Schroll, 1938.
page number: Mentioned: p. 194; reproduced: abb. 1
url:
“Cézanne, Fighter for Freedom.” ARTnews 41 (November 15, 1942): 16–19.
page number: Reproduced: p. 18
url:
Loran, Erle. Cezanne's Composition; Analysis of His Form, with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 99
url:
Rewald, John. “As Cézanne Recreated Nature; Camera Record.” ARTnews 43 (February 15, 1944): 9–13.
page number: Reproduced: p. 10
url:
“Mountain in Provence.” Time 64, no. 2 (July 12, 1954): 75.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75
url:
Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College 1955.
page number: Reproduced: v. 2, p. 71-72.
url:
Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 5
url:
"Great Gifts of Art, 1958." Fortune Magazine LVIII, no. 6 (December 1958): 106-116.
page number: Reproduced: p. 109
url:
Cézanne, Paul, and Meyer Schapiro. Loan Exhibition Cézanne Under the Patronage of Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower and His Excellency, Monsieur Hervé Alphand, the Ambassador of France to the United States, for the Benefit of the National Organization of Mentally Ill Children, November 5-December 5, 1959. New York: Wildenstein, 1959.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 42
url:
Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning. Paths of Abstract Art. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.
page number: Reproduced: no. 9, p. 11; mentioned: pp. 11,19
url:
Reff, Theodore. "A New Exhibition of Cezanne." The Burlington Magazine 102, no. 684 (March 1960): 114-118.
page number: Mentioned: p. 114, 116
url:
Ratcliffe, R. W. Cézanne's Working Methods and Their Theoretical Background. Thesis(PhD)--University of London (Courtauld Institute of Art), 1960-61, 1961.
page number: Mentioned: p. 211
url:
Henning, E. B. “Cleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.” Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 78 (December 1963): 481–88.
page number: Reproduced: p. 485
url:
UCLA Art Council. Years of Ferment; The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914. [Los Angeles]: [UCLA Art Council], 1965.
page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 13, no. 2
url:
Saisselin, Remy. "Art Is Imitation of Nature." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LII, no. 2 (February 1965): 34-44.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43-44
url:
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.
page number: Reproduced: p. 178
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.
page number: Reproduced: p. 178
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n202
Orienti, Sandra. The Complete Paintings of Cézanne. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1972.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120, no. 756
url:
Henning, Edward B. "Two Major Paintings by Georges Braque." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXIV, no. 4 (April 1977): 137-141.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p, 138, fig. 4
url:
Cézanne, Paul, Theodore Reff, and William Rubin. Cézanne: The Late Work : Essays. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.
page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 45, p. 27, 49, 85, 205, 401, Reproduced p. 321, pl. 119
url:
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.
page number: Reproduced: p. 220
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n240
Bourges, M. R. Itinéraires de Cézanne. [Aix-en-Provence]: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 1982.
page number: Reproduced: Route du Tholonet, fig. 4
url:
Hoog, Michel. "Le Motif de la Sainte Victoire." In Cézanne, ou, La Peinture en Jeu. Musee Granet, 92-105. Limoges: Criterion, 1982.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96
url:
Shiff, Richard. "Representation, Copying, and the Technique of Originality." New Literary History 15, no. 2 (1984): 333-63.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 354-355
url:
Henning, Edward B. " Woman in the Waves by Paul Gauguin." The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI, no. 8 (October 1984): 280-
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 282-283, fig. 4
url:
Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Paul Cézanne: (1839-1906) ; Tokyo ; 18.9. - 7.10.1986 ; Isetan Museum of Art ; Kobe ; 10.10. 9.11.1986 ; Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art ; Nagoya ; 15.11. - 4.12.1986 ; Aichi Prefectural Art Gallery. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986.
page number: Reproduced: p. 76
url:
Rewald, John. Cézanne: A Biography. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1986.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 240-241
url:
Henning, Edward B. Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.
page number: Mentioned: p. 105
url:
Teboul, Jacques. Les Victoires de Cézanne. Paris: A. Biro, 1988.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19
url:
Cézanne, Paul. Sainte-Victoire, Cézanne, 1990: Musée Granet, Musée des tapisseries, Pavillon de Vendôme, Aix-en-Provence, 16 juin-2 septembre 1990. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1990.
page number: Mentioned cat. not. 38, Reproduced: fig. 66 and on cover
url:
Turner, Evan H. Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.
page number: Reproduced: p. 152
url:
Cleveland Museum of Art. Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art,1991.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: no. 35
url:
Cleveland Museum of Art. Masterpieces from East and West. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 157
url:
Cahn, Isabelle. Cézanne. [Milano]: Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori, 1992.
page number: Reproduced: fig. 65
url:
Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.
page number: Reproduced: p. 33
url:
Vescovo, Marisa. "Dossier-Cezanne." Art e Dossier 75 (January 1993): 12.
page number: Reproduced: p. 12
url:
Patin, Sylvie. Cézanne. Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1995.
page number: Reproduced: p. 80
url:
Orienti, Sandra. Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Cézanne. Paris: Flammarion, 1995.
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url:
Lartigue, Charles de. Les Paysages de Paul Cézanne. Lyon: Créations du Pélican, 1995.
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url:
Machotka, Pavel. Cézanne: Landscape into Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
page number: Mentioned: p. 61, 138, 144-145; reproduced: p. 145, fig. 138
url:
Coutagne, Denis, and Bruno Ely, eds. Les Sites Cézanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage à John Rewald. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1996.
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url:
Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Cézanne: A Catalogue Raisonné. New York: Harry N. Abrams,1996.
page number: Mentioned: v. 1, p. 530, no. 900; Reproduced: v. 2, p. 529, fig. 900
url:
Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). Maestros del Impresionismo. México, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.
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url:
Châtelet, Albert, and Bernard Philippe Groslier. Histoire de l'Art: Peinture, Sculpture, Architecture, Arts Décoratifs. [Paris]: Larousse, 1998.
page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 488
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page number: Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9
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Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. Cézanne en Provence: Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, 9 Juin-17 Septembre 2006. Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 2006.
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IMAGES
web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_web.jpg
print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_print.jpg
full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_full.tif