{
"data": {
"id": 135185,
"accession_number": "1958.21",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Mount Sainte-Victoire, c. 1904. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906). Oil on fabric; framed: 87.5 x 106.5 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 41 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 72.2 x 92.4 cm (28 7/16 x 36 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.21",
"current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism",
"title": "Mount Sainte-Victoire",
"creation_date": "c. 1904",
"creation_date_earliest": 1899,
"creation_date_latest": 1909,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"France, late 19th-early 20th Century"
],
"technique": "oil on fabric",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 87.5 x 106.5 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 41 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 72.2 x 92.4 cm (28 7/16 x 36 3/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 0.875,
"height_inch": 34,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"width": 1.065,
"width_inch": 41,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.9375,
"depth": 0.07,
"depth_inch": 2,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.75
},
"unframed": {
"height": 0.722,
"height_inch": 28,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.4375,
"width": 0.924,
"width_inch": 36,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.375
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 338935,
"title": "Loan Exhibition: Cezanne",
"description": "Loan Exhibition: Cezanne. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (November 5-December 5, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1959-11-05T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302007,
"title": "Paths of Abstract Art",
"description": "Paths of Abstract Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).",
"opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 300763,
"title": "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art",
"description": "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (January 24-March 7, 1965); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (March 28-May 16, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 14-August 22, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-01-24T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 300779,
"title": "Juxtapositions",
"description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338921,
"title": "C\u00e9zanne: The Late Work",
"description": "C\u00e9zanne: The Late Work. The Museum of Modern Art (organizer) (October 7, 1977-January 3, 1978).",
"opening_date": "1977-10-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304561,
"title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West",
"description": "Visions of Landscape: East and West. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310025,
"title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960",
"description": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).",
"opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 338916,
"title": "Sainte-Victoire, C\u00e9zanne 1990",
"description": "Sainte-Victoire, C\u00e9zanne 1990. Mus\u00e9e Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (organizer) (June 15-September 2, 1990).",
"opening_date": "1990-06-15T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311444,
"title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum",
"description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).",
"opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 184132,
"title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection",
"description": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).",
"opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 177189,
"title": "C\u00e9zanne in Provence",
"description": "C\u00e9zanne in Provence. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 29-May 7, 2006); Mus\u00e9e Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (June 5-September 15, 2006).",
"opening_date": "2006-01-29T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 182153,
"title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).",
"opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 220355,
"title": "C\u00e9zanne Site/Non-Site",
"description": "C\u00e9zanne Site/Non-Site. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (February 4-May 18, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2014-02-04T00:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Franz\u00f6sische Kunst des XIX. und XX. Jahrhunderts. Z\u00fcrich Kunsthaus, Zurich, Switzerland (1917),",
"opening_date": "1917-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Obecn\u00ed d\u00ffm. French Art of the 19th-20th Centuries. Galerie Barbazanges.Prague,Czechoslovakia (1923).",
"opening_date": "1923-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Important Pictures by Nineteenth Century French Masters. Lef\u00e8vre Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1924),",
"opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Exhibition of French Paintings by C\u00e9zanne, Matisse, Derain, Utrillo, Pascin, Marie Laurencin, and Van Dongen. Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY (1926).",
"opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Four Paintings by C\u00e9zanne. Valentine Gallery, New York, NY (1939).",
"opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Loan Exhibition of Paintings by C\u00e9zanne. Paul Rosenberg, New York, NY (1942).",
"opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "A Loan Exhibition of C\u00e9zanne. Wildenstein Gallery, New York, NY (1947).",
"opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "The Post-Impressionists and Their Followers. Society of Four Arts, Palm Beach, FL (1949).",
"opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Yale University Art Gallery. New Haven, CT (1950),",
"opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Exposition pour comm\u00e9morer le cinquantenaire de la mort de C\u00e9zanne. Pavillon de Vend\u00f4me, Aix-en-Provence, France (1956).",
"opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Paul C\u00e9zanne 1839-1906. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (1956).",
"opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Ambroise Vollard [1866-1939] Paris, France (Vollard archive photograph no. 367).",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Dr. G. Schweitzer, Berlin Germany",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "August Pellerin [1853-1929], Paris, France",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "Alphonse Kann [1870-1948] Saint-Germain-en Laye, Paris, France",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "(Galerie Barbazanges, Paris France)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "(Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1926",
"sortorder": 6
},
{
"description": "(The Valentine Galleries, New York, NY, February 20, 1939 sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1939",
"sortorder": 7
},
{
"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1939-1957",
"sortorder": 8
},
{
"description": "Leonard C. Hanna [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1958",
"sortorder": 9
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1958",
"sortorder": 10
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [
"1637.43"
],
"did_you_know": "Cezanne created 36 paintings and 45 watercolors of Mount Sainte-Victoire. He was preoccupied with this subject and painted this mountain repeatedly until his death.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "During the last 20 years of his life, Cezanne repeatedly painted Mount Sainte-Victoire near his home in Aix-en-Provence in southern France. Cezanne painted this view from life at one of his favorite sites, a small road that led from Aix eastward toward Mount Sainte-Victoire. He set up his easel at the edge of the road where he could see two umbrella pines and the mountain towering over the scene. A branch of one of the pines extends from the left of the canvas across the sky, echoing the slope of the mountain, linking the near and the far.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517723"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.21-mount-sainte-victoir"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Wedderkop, Hans von. Paul Ce\u0301zanne. Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1922.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: unpaginated",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Wedderkop, Hans von. \"Paul Cezanne.\" Der Cicerone 14, pt. 2 (1922): 681-692.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p; 684",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rivie\u0300re, Georges. Le Mai\u0302tre Paul Ce\u0301zanne. Paris: H. Floury, 1923.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "ARTnews 25 (November 27, 1926): 9.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. Ce\u0301zanne, Son Art, Son Oeuvre; 1,600 illustrations. Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1936.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: v. 1, no. 666; reproduced: v. 2, fig. 666",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rewald, John. Cezanne et Zola. Paris: A. Sedrowski, 1936.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 74",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Novotny, Fritz. Ce\u0301zanne und das Ende der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive. Wien: A. Schroll, 1938.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 194; reproduced: abb. 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cC\u00e9zanne, Fighter for Freedom.\u201d ARTnews 41 (November 15, 1942): 16\u201319.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Loran, Erle. Cezanne's Composition; Analysis of His Form, with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 99",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rewald, John. \u201cAs C\u00e9zanne Recreated Nature; Camera Record.\u201d ARTnews 43 (February 15, 1944): 9\u201313.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cMountain in Provence.\u201d Time 64, no. 2 (July 12, 1954): 75.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College 1955.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: v. 2, p. 71-72.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 5",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Great Gifts of Art, 1958.\" Fortune Magazine LVIII, no. 6 (December 1958): 106-116.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul, and Meyer Schapiro. Loan Exhibition Ce\u0301zanne Under the Patronage of Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower and His Excellency, Monsieur Herve\u0301 Alphand, the Ambassador of France to the United States, for the Benefit of the National Organization of Mentally Ill Children, November 5-December 5, 1959. New York: Wildenstein, 1959.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 42",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning. Paths of Abstract Art. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 9, p. 11; mentioned: pp. 11,19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Reff, Theodore. \"A New Exhibition of Cezanne.\" The Burlington Magazine 102, no. 684 (March 1960): 114-118.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114, 116",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ratcliffe, R. W. Ce\u0301zanne's Working Methods and Their Theoretical Background. Thesis(PhD)--University of London (Courtauld Institute of Art), 1960-61, 1961.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 78 (December 1963): 481\u201388.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "UCLA Art Council. Years of Ferment; The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914. [Los Angeles]: [UCLA Art Council], 1965.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 13, no. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Saisselin, Remy. \"Art Is Imitation of Nature.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LII, no. 2 (February 1965): 34-44.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43-44",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n202"
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cSouth of His House, North of His House: Nyack, a Painting by Fairfield Porter.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 58, no. 3 (March 1971): 85\u201390.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 89-90, fig. 11",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152366"
},
{
"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. The Complete Paintings of Ce\u0301zanne. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1972.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120, no. 756",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 59, no. 7 (September 1972): 195\u2013203.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 199; Reproduced: p. 201, fig. 13",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152438"
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Two Major Paintings by Georges Braque.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXIV, no. 4 (April 1977): 137-141.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p, 138, fig. 4",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul, Theodore Reff, and William Rubin. Ce\u0301zanne: The Late Work : Essays. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 45, p. 27, 49, 85, 205, 401, Reproduced p. 321, pl. 119",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 220",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n240"
},
{
"citation": "Bourges, M. R. Itine\u0301raires de Ce\u0301zanne. [Aix-en-Provence]: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 1982.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: Route du Tholonet, fig. 4",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hoog, Michel. \"Le Motif de la Sainte Victoire.\" In Ce\u0301zanne, ou, La Peinture en Jeu. Musee Granet, 92-105. Limoges: Criterion, 1982.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 70, no. 3 (March 1983): 112\u2013135.",
"page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 131, fig. 32",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"
},
{
"citation": "Shiff, Richard. \"Representation, Copying, and the Technique of Originality.\" New Literary History 15, no. 2 (1984): 333-63.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 354-355",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \" Woman in the Waves by Paul Gauguin.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI, no. 8 (October 1984): 280-",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 282-283, fig. 4",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi. Paul Ce\u0301zanne: (1839-1906) ; Tokyo ; 18.9. - 7.10.1986 ; Isetan Museum of Art ; Kobe ; 10.10. 9.11.1986 ; Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art ; Nagoya ; 15.11. - 4.12.1986 ; Aichi Prefectural Art Gallery. Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rewald, John. Ce\u0301zanne: A Biography. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1986.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 240-241",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 105",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Teboul, Jacques. Les Victoires de Ce\u0301zanne. Paris: A. Biro, 1988.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul. Sainte-Victoire, Ce\u0301zanne, 1990: Muse\u0301e Granet, Muse\u0301e des tapisseries, Pavillon de Vendo\u0302me, Aix-en-Provence, 16 juin-2 septembre 1990. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1990.",
"page_number": "Mentioned cat. not. 38, Reproduced: fig. 66 and on cover",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Turner, Evan H. Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art,1991.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 35",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Masterpieces from East and West. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 157",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle. Ce\u0301zanne. [Milano]: Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori, 1992.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 65",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Vescovo, Marisa. \"Dossier-Cezanne.\" Art e Dossier 75 (January 1993): 12.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Patin, Sylvie. Ce\u0301zanne. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1995.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Ce\u0301zanne. Paris: Flammarion, 1995.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120-121, no. 756",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lartigue, Charles de. Les Paysages de Paul Ce\u0301zanne. Lyon: Cre\u0301ations du Pe\u0301lican, 1995.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Machotka, Pavel. Ce\u0301zanne: Landscape into Art. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, 138, 144-145; reproduced: p. 145, fig. 138",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Coutagne, Denis, and Bruno Ely, eds. Les Sites Ce\u0301zanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage a\u0300 John Rewald. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1996.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Rewald, John. The Paintings of Paul Ce\u0301zanne: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. New York: Harry N. Abrams,1996.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: v. 1, p. 530, no. 900; Reproduced: v. 2, p. 529, fig. 900",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). Maestros del Impresionismo. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63, fig. 17",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Bernard Philippe Groslier. Histoire de l'Art: Peinture, Sculpture, Architecture, Arts De\u0301coratifs. [Paris]: Larousse, 1998.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 488",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 127-130, no. 48",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Adachi, Shinzo\u0304. Kaiga jisshu\u0304. O\u0304saka-fu: O\u0304saka Geijutsu Daigaku Tsu\u0304shin Kyo\u0304ikubu, 2001.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Burgess, Margaret B., \"Side by Side\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 45 no. 05, May/June 2005",
"page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-05/page/8"
},
{
"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. Ce\u0301zanne in Provence. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2006.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 202, no. 83",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. Ce\u0301zanne en Provence: Muse\u0301e Granet, Aix-en-Provence, 9 Juin-17 Septembre 2006. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2006.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Coutagne, Denis. \"C\u00e9zanne en Provence: L'Estaque.\" Dossier de l'Art 130 (2006):18.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. Ce\u0301zanne en Provence: Muse\u0301e Granet, Aix-en-Provence, 9 juin-17 septembre 2006. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2006.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Boigontier, Pascale, and Bruno Boigontier. Portraits d'Aix-en-Provence. Bordeaux: Sud Ouest, 2006.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Coutagne, Denis. Ce\u0301zanne en Ve\u0301rite\u0301(s): Essai. Arles: Actes sud, 2006.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 441, ill. 54",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Solana, Guillermo. Ce\u0301zanne: Site/Non-site: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, February 4-May 18, 2014. [Madrid]: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2014.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, no. 35",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 294; reproduced: P. 284-285",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.",
"page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 81",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Green, Tyler. Emerson's Nature and the Artists: Idea As Landscape, Landscape As Idea. Munich: Prestel, 2021.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47, fig. 3",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Basch, Sophie. Le Japonisme, Un Art Franc\u0327ais. \u0152uvres En Socie\u0301te\u0301s. Dijon: Les Presses du re\u0301el, 2022.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 68-69, fig. 33",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Adams, William D., and Thierry Maugenest. Cezanne \u00c0 Ch\u00e2teau Noir: L\u2019Histoire d\u2019Une Fascination. Bordeaux: \u00c9ditions Herv\u00e9 Chopin, 2025.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 34-35, fig. 22; p. 166, fig. 190",
"url": ""
}
],
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"creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.",
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{
"id": 1754,
"description": "Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906)",
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"biography": "The son of a wealthy banker, C\u00e9zanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the \u00c9cole Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Coll\u00e8ge Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. \u00c9mile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. C\u00e9zanne enrolled at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Universit\u00e9 d'Aix while still at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 C\u00e9zanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, C\u00e9zanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbar\u00e1n (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refus\u00e9s was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. C\u00e9zanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. C\u00e9zanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 C\u00e9zanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, C\u00e9zanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 C\u00e9zanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. C\u00e9zanne participated in the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esth\u00e9tique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. C\u00e9zanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art.",
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"sortable_date": 1899,
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"date_text": "c. 1904",
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"alternate_titles": [
"La Montagne Sainte-Victoire"
],
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"updated_at": "2026-07-15 21:33:06.633000"
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}