id: 135214
accession number: 1958.23
share license status: CC0
url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.23
updated: 2024-03-26 01:58:44.355000
The Troubadour, 1868–73. Honoré Daumier (French, 1808–1879). Oil on fabric; framed: 99.5 x 73 x 8 cm (39 3/16 x 28 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 83.6 x 56.8 cm (32 15/16 x 22 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. 1958.23
title: The Troubadour
title in original language:
series:
series in original language:
creation date: 1868–73
creation date earliest: 1868
creation date latest: 1873
current location: 220 19th Century European
creditline: Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.
copyright:
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culture: France, 19th century
technique: oil on fabric
department: Modern European Painting and Sculpture
collection: Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960
type: Painting
find spot:
catalogue raisonne:
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CREATORS
* Honoré Daumier (French, 1808–1879) - artist
Honoré Daumier was eight years old when his father, a glazier and frame maker who had decided to pursue his poetic talents in Paris, sent for the wife and three sons he lad left behind in Marseilles. In Paris Daumier studied drawing with Alexandre Lenoir (1761-1839) and at the Académie Suisse. Around 1825 he began a five-year apprenticeship with the publisher and lithographer Zépherin Belliard (1798-?). The July revolution of 1830, which established Louis-Philippe as the constitutional monarch in France, coincided with Daumier's creation of satirical lithographs aimed at this new government. That same year he joined La Caricature, a political journal founded by the republican artist-publisher, Charles Philipon (1802-1862). Daumier's antimonarchist and liberal subjects that were printed in this paper eventually cost the journal censorship and the artist six months in jail (31 August 1832 to 14 February 1833) plus a 300-franc fine. His prison sentence did not deter him from producing political statements and, in fact, only fueled his rage. The subjects of his lithographs became much more aggressive. In 1835 he worked for Philipon's second publication, Le Charivari, a humorous political newspaper that published Daumier's satirical caricature until it, too, suffered censorship under the new government. Although Daumier may be best known for his graphic art, he was also a sculptor and a prolific painter. Sculpture became another medium to produce his infamous caricatures. His friend, Honoré de Balzac, French novelist and editor of La Caricature, saw in these works the force of Michelangelo. In 1834 Daumier began experimenting with painting, both in oil and watercolor. Apart from his Salon entries of 1849 and 1850, his paintings, which totaled over three hundred, were painted primarily for his own pleasure and virtually unknown to the public until after his death in 1879.
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measurements: Framed: 99.5 x 73 x 8 cm (39 3/16 x 28 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 83.6 x 56.8 cm (32 15/16 x 22 3/8 in.)
state of the work:
edition of the work:
support materials:
inscriptions:
inscription: Signed in lower right: h.D. [reinforced]
translation:
remark:
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CURRENT EXHIBITIONS
title: Paintings and Drawings of Daumier
opening date: 1961-06-14T04:00:00
Paintings and Drawings of Daumier. Tate Britain, London (June 14-July 30, 1961).
title: Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879
opening date: 1979-09-23T04:00:00
Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (September 23-November 25, 1979).
title: Honoré Daumier
opening date: 1999-06-03T00:00:00
Honoré Daumier. National Gallery of Canada (organizer) (June 3-September 6, 1999); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (October 5, 1999-January 3, 2000); The Phillips Collection (February 19-May 14, 2000).
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LEGACY EXHIBITIONS
* {'description': "Exposition Daumier. Palais de l'École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France (1901).", 'opening_date': '1901-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Honoré Daumier Ausstellung, Gemälde, Aquarelle Zeichnungen, Galerie Matthiesen. Berlin, Germany (1926).', 'opening_date': '1926-01-01T00:00:00'}
* {'description': 'Corot-Daumier. Museum of Modern Art., New York, NY (1930).', 'opening_date': '1930-01-01T00:00:00'}
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PROVENANCE
Count Armand Doria [1824-1896] Orrouy, France
date: Until 1896
footnotes:
citations:
(Armand Doria sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, May 4-5, 1899 (no. 132), sold to Ambroise Vollard)
date: 1899
footnotes:
* The Troubadour, here titled “Page jouant de la mandoline,” was sold to dealer Ambroise Vollard together with no. 133, “Femme portant un enfant,” for ff 3,350.
citations:
(Ambroise Vollard, Paris, sold to Paul Cassirer)
date: 1899-by 1912
footnotes:
* Vollard’s stock book lists “Le Chanteur,” with a provenance of “Doria,” under stock no. 3,465; a label on the painting’s stretcher with this number confirms that “Le Chanteur” and the CMA picture are one and the same. The Vollard register from May 1899 lists “2 Daumier pendants guitariste et mère et enfant” – lots 132 and 133 in the Doria sale from that month. In 1908 Vollard seems to have consigned the Daumier to H.O. Miethke, a Vienna dealer who often acted as an intermediary in Vollard’s foreign trade activities. The Daumier is No. 42 in Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879, an exhibition held at Galerie Miethke in November-December 1980. The painting apparently failed to sell and was returned to Vollard: the Cassirer Archive, held by the Walter Feilchenfeldt Gallery, records the sale of "Le Guitarist"by Vollard to Cassirer on October 28, 1912.
citations:
(Paul Cassirer, Berlin)
date: 1912 - probably by 1915
footnotes:
* It is not known to whom and when Cassirer sold the painting; however, it was likely by 1915, as the 1910-1915 Cassirer sales book was destroyed during the war, and later sales books make no mention of the Daumier.
citations:
Eduard Fuchs [1870-1940], Berlin-Zehlendorf, by descent to his wife, Margaret Fuchs
date: By 1928-1940
footnotes:
* A photograph, dated 1928, shows The Troubadour prominently displayed on a wall in the “Daumier-Zimmers” in Fuchs’ Berlin villa. In 1930, Fuchs, a collector, writer, and historian with a passion for Daumier, published Der Maler Daumier, a catalogue of the artist’s work. In it he notes that The Troubadour (there titled Der Page) was currently in his collection; he also lent the painting to an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art that year. In February of 1933, Fuchs and his wife Margaret fled to Paris; on October 25 of that same year his collection was confiscated by the Gestapo. The Troubadour, however, along with several other Daumier paintings, appears to have avoided confiscation: it may have been among nine unspecified Daumier paintings for which Fuchs transferred ownership to his friend Felix Weil as security for a loan. These paintings were sent to Rotterdam, thus securing their safety. Furthermore, no references to The Troubadour in databases or lists of Nazi-looted art have been located, nor is the painting listed in any of the five Nazi-era sales of the Fuchs collection (Lepke, June 16-17. 1937; Lepke, Oct. 15-16, 1937; Lepke, Nov. 4-5, 1937; Lepke, June 22-24, 1938; Boerner, May 23-24, 1938). These auctions took place after the director of the Berlin Nationalgalerie, Eberhard Hanfstaengl, was able to convince the Gestapo that the confiscation of the Fuchs collection, just before the 1936 Olympics, would harm the cultural reputation of Germany. Thus, the collection was granted provisional release in 1935. Fuchs’ daughter was nevertheless forced to sell off her father’s collection in order to settle the tax liabilities he faced after the return of the collection.
citations:
Margaret Fuchs, Paris and New York, consigned to Justin K. Thannhauser
date: 1940-1953
footnotes:
citations:
(Justin K. Thannhauser, New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.)
date: 1953
footnotes:
* The Thannhauser Archives in Cologne show that Thannhauser had the painting on consignment from Margaret Fuchs in the 1950s.
citations:
Leonard C. Hanna Jr., [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art
date: 1953-1958
footnotes:
citations:
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH
date: 1958-
footnotes:
citations:
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fun fact:
digital description:
wall description:
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RELATED WORKS
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CITATIONS
Galerie Georges Petit. Tableaux modernes. May 4-5, 1899.
page number:
url:
“The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
Maison, K. E. Honoré Daumier; Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.
page number:
url:
Daumier, Honoré. Daumier, Paintings and Drawings: An Exhibition Organized by the Arts Council of Great Britain at the Tate Gallery, June 14th to July 30th, 1961. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1961.
page number:
url:
Galerie Georges Petit. Tableaux modernes. May 4-5, 1899.
page number:
url:
The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
Maison, K. E. Honoré Daumier; Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.
page number:
url:
“Ambroise Vollard Research Files,” Record Group 43, Series 43A5.8, Box 54, John Rewald Papers, Cézanne Materials, Gallery Archives, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
page number:
url:
Petra Cordioli, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 12, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.
page number:
url:
Miethke, H.O. Galerie. Honoré Daumier, 1808-1879, Galerie Miethke, Wien, November - Dezember 1908. 1908.
page number:
url:
“The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
Petra Cordioli, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 12, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.
page number:
url:
Maison, K. E. Honoré Daumier; Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.
page number:
url:
Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and Alfred H. Barr. Eighth Loan Exhibition: Corot, Daumier ; October 16-November 23, 1930. New York: [Plandome Press], 1930.
page number:
url:
Fuchs, Eduard. Der maler Daumier. München: A. Langen, 1930. <http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS15367>.
page number:
url:
“The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
Weitz, Ulrich. “Der Sammler Eduard Fuchs: ‘Das Wesen der Revolution ist das Wesen der Daumierschen Kunst.’” “Daumier ist ungeheuer!” Gemälde, Handzeichnungen, Grafiken, Bronzen. Berlin: Nicolai, 2013.
page number:
url:
Dr. Bernhard Kosel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Dec. 26, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.
page number:
url:
Dr. Bernhard Kosel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 12, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.
page number:
url:
William Robinson, email to Christine Edmonson and June de Phillips, March 3, 2009, in CMA curatorial file.
page number:
url:
“The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
Maison, K. E. Honoré Daumier; Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.
page number:
url:
“The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
William Robinson, email to Christine Edmonson and June de Phillips, March 3, 2009, in CMA curatorial file.
page number:
url:
“The Daumier Register,” DR number 7186 “Le Troubadour,” http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186, accessed 12/10/15.
page number:
url:
Klossowski, Erich. Honoré Daumier. München, Germany: R. Piper, 1923.
page number: Reproduced: no. 75, fig. 52
url:
Fuchs, Eduard. "Honore Daumier." Cahiers d'Art 3 (1928): 185-197.
page number: Reproduced: P. 196
url:
Fuchs, Eduard. Der maler Daumier. München, Germany: A. Langen, 1930.
page number: Reproduced: no. 117
url:
Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. 1955.
page number: Reproduced: p. 72, vol. 2
url:
Maison, K. E. "Further Daumier Studies-II: Preparatory Drawings for Paintings." The Burlington Magazine 98, no. 639 (June 1956): 199-205.
page number: Reproduced: P. 200
url: http://www.jstor.org/stable/871814.
Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.
page number: Reproduced: no. 7
url:
"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums." The Art Quarterly 21 (Spring 1958): 82-109.
page number: Reproduced: P. 104
url:
Francis, Henry S. "Report for the Year 1958: Painting Department." The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVI, no. 6 (June, 1959): 121-122.
page number: Mentioned: p. 122
url:
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.
page number: Reproduced: p. 170
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194
Rey, Robert. Honoré Daumier. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1966.
page number: Reproduced: p. 140
url:
Maison, K. E. Honoré Daumier: Catalogue Raisonné of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings, Greenwich, CT:New York Graphic Society, 1968.
page number: Reproduced: no. 186, pl. 137, vol. 1
url:
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.
page number: Reproduced: p. 170
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194
Mandel, Gabriele. L'opera pittorica completa di Daumier. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1971.
page number: Reproduced: no. 269, plate 56
url:
The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.
page number: Reproduced: p. 210
url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n230
Morse, John D. Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.
page number: Reproduced: p. 88
url:
Borowitz, Helen O. "Three Guitars: Reflections of Italian Comedy in Watteau, Daumier, and Picasso." The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI, no.4 (April, 1984):116-129.
page number: Reproduced: p. 120, fig. 7
url:
Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.
page number: Reproduced: P. 53
url:
Laughton, Bruce. Honoré Daumier. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996
page number:
url:
Laughton, Bruce. Honoré Daumier. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 1996.
page number: Mentioned: p. 146-147
url:
Loyette, Henri. Daumier, 1808-1879: Musée des Beaux-Arts du Canada, Ottawa, 11 juin-6 septembre 1999 ; Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, 5 octobre 1999-3 janvier 2000 ; The Phillips Collection, Washington, 19 février-14 mai 2000. Paris, Fŕance: Reunion des musees nationaux, 1999.
page number: Reproduced: p. 74-75; cat. no. 37
url:
Fohr, Robert. Daumier: sculpteur et peintre. Paris, France: Adam Biro, 1999.
page number: Reproduced: p. 128-129
url:
D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.
page number: Reproduced: p. 70
url:
Seligman, Isabel. Lines of Thought: Drawing from Michelangelo to Now. [London]: Thames & Hudson Ltd.: In collaboration with the British Museum, 2016.
page number: Reproduced: p. 109, fig. 39
url:
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IMAGES
web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.23/1958.23_web.jpg
print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.23/1958.23_print.jpg
full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.23/1958.23_full.tif