{
"data": {
"id": 135299,
"accession_number": "1958.31",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Adeline Ravoux, 1890. Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890). Oil on fabric; framed: 72.5 x 73.5 x 8.5 cm (28 9/16 x 28 15/16 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 50.2 x 50.5 cm (19 3/4 x 19 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.31",
"current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism",
"title": "Adeline Ravoux",
"creation_date": "1890",
"creation_date_earliest": 1890,
"creation_date_latest": 1890,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"Netherlands"
],
"technique": "oil on fabric",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Framed: 72.5 x 73.5 x 8.5 cm (28 9/16 x 28 15/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 50.2 x 50.5 cm (19 3/4 x 19 7/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"framed": {
"height": 0.725,
"height_inch": 28,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.5625,
"width": 0.735,
"width_inch": 28,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.9375,
"depth": 0.085,
"depth_inch": 3,
"depth_inch_fraction": 0.375
},
"unframed": {
"height": 0.502,
"height_inch": 19,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.75,
"width": 0.505,
"width_inch": 19,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 519763,
"title": "The Armory Show, 50th Anniversary Exhibition",
"description": "The Armory Show, 50th Anniversary Exhibition. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (February 17-April 28, 1963).",
"opening_date": "1963-02-17T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 300779,
"title": "Juxtapositions",
"description": "Juxtapositions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 343566,
"title": "In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship",
"description": "In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship. P\u00e9rez Art Museum Miami (organizer) (January 12-April 22, 1984).",
"opening_date": "1984-01-12T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 442139,
"title": "\u30b4\u30c3\u30db (Van Gogh)",
"description": "\u30b4\u30c3\u30db (Van Gogh). National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (October 12-December 8, 1985); Nagoya City Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan (December 21, 1985-February 2, 1986).",
"opening_date": "1985-10-12T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310025,
"title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960",
"description": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).",
"opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 174820,
"title": "Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits",
"description": "Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (March 12-June 4, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (July 2-September 24, 2000); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (October 22, 2000-January 14, 2001).",
"opening_date": "2000-03-12T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 205456,
"title": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme: Modernism for America",
"description": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme: Modernism for America. UCLA at Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center (April 23-August 20, 2006).",
"opening_date": "2006-04-23T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 182153,
"title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).",
"opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 213656,
"title": "Van Gogh Repetitions",
"description": "Van Gogh Repetitions. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 2-May 26, 2014).",
"opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 379202,
"title": "Through Vincent's Eyes: Van Gogh and His Sources",
"description": "Through Vincent's Eyes: Van Gogh and His Sources. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (November 12, 2021-February 6, 2022) https://www.columbusmuseum.org/through-vincents-eyes-van-gogh-and-his-sources/.",
"opening_date": "2021-11-12T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 308774,
"title": "Van Gogh in America",
"description": "Van Gogh in America. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (October 2, 2022-January 22, 2023).",
"opening_date": "2022-10-02T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 440610,
"title": "Van Gogh in Auver-sur-Oise: His Final Months",
"description": "Van Gogh in Auver-sur-Oise: His Final Months. Van Gogh Museum, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (May 12-September 3, 2023) https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/nl/bezoek/tentoonstellingen/van-gogh-in-auvers-sur-oise; Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (October 3, 2023-February 4, 2024).",
"opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "International Exhibition of Modern Art (Armory Show) New York. Armory of the 69th Regiment, New York, NY; Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Copley Hall, Georgetown, MA; Copley Society, Boston, MA (1913).",
"opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Opening Exhibition. Galleries of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme, New York, NY (1920).",
"opening_date": "1920-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "An Exhibition of Modern French Art. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (1925).",
"opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "First Loan Exhibition: C\u00e9zanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Van Gogh. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1929).",
"opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Opening Exhibition. Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield, MA (1933).",
"opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Paintings, Watercolors & Drawings by Vincent van Gogh. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA; Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH; San Francisco Museum of Fine Arts, San Francisco, CA; Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO; Minneapolis Museum of Art, Minneapolis, MN; Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, MI; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario (1935-36).The Hanna Collection of Modern Masterpieces. J.B. Speed Memorial Museum, Louisville, KY (1944).",
"opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "The Hanna Collection of Modern Masterpieces. J.B. Speed Memorial Museum, Louisville, KY (1944).",
"opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Pictures for Peace: A Retrospective Exhibition Organized from the Armory Show of 1913. Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (1944).",
"opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Works by Vincent van Gogh. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1948).",
"opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Summer Loan.Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June-September 1949).",
"opening_date": "1949-06-01T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Johanna Van Gogh-Bonger [1862-1925], the wife of Theo van Gogh, Amsterdam, Netherlands.",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "(Artz and de Bois, The Hague, Netherlands)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1912",
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Katherine S. Dreier [1877-1952], New York, NY",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1912-1929",
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "Mrs. Cornelius Sullivan [1877-1939], New York, NY",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "-1939",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, NY, December 6-7, 1939, sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1939",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1939-1958",
"sortorder": 6
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1958-",
"sortorder": 7
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [
"1642.43"
],
"did_you_know": "Adeline Ravoux, at age 13, was not pleased with her portrait and did not think the image resembled her. Today, a photograph exists of Adeline in her late seventies and the resemblance is truly remarkable.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "In May 1890, Vincent van Gogh arrived in Auvers, a small town north of Paris, where he rented a room at the inn of Arthur Ravoux. This portrait, completed during the last months of the artist\u2019s life, depicts Ravoux\u2019s 13-year-old daughter, Adeline. Van Gogh wrote that rather than photographic resemblance, he wanted his portraits to convey the \u201cimpassioned aspects\u201d of contemporary life through the \u201cmodern taste for color.\u201d",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26221230"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.31-adeline-ravoux"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Louis Anfray, \u201cLes souvenirs d\u2019Adeline Ravoux sur le s\u00e9jour de Vincent van Gogh \u00e0 Auvers-sur-Oise,\u201d Les Cahiers de Van Gogh no. 1 (Geneva: Pierre Cailler, 1956): p. 9.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Socie\u0301te\u0301 Anonyme. Report 1920-1921. [New York]: The Society, 1921.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dreier, Katherine S. Western Art and the New Era; An Introduction to Modern Art. New York: Brentano's, 1923.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 63-64, fig. 35",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "de LaFaille, J. B. L'oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh, catalogue raisonne\u0301. Paris, FR et Bruxelles, BE: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 786, vol. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van. Further Letters of Vincent Van Gogh to His Brother, 1886-1889. London: Constable & Co, 1929.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 472, no. 644",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Scherjon, W., and W. Jos. de Gruyter. Vincent Van Gogh's Great Period, Arles, St. Re\u0301my and Auvers Sur Oise (Complete Catalogue). Amsterdam NL: \"De Spieghel\", Ltd, 1937.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 375, no. 222",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "La Faille, J. Bernard de , Charles Terrasse, Prudence Montagu-Pollock, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. Vincent Van Gogh. New York, N.Y.: French and European Publications [etc.], 1939",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 776",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. \"Notes on the Collection of Mrs. Cornelius J. Sullivan.\" Parnassus 11, no. 8 (1939): 32-33.",
"page_number": "Mentioned:p. 33",
"url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/772018"
},
{
"citation": "\"The Sullivan Collection.\" Magazine of Art 32, no. 12 (December 1939): 710-711.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 711",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Leymarie, Jean. Van Gogh. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions P. Tisne\u0301, 1951.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 156",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 11",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Saarinen, Aline B. The Proud Possessors: The Lives, Times, and Tastes of Some Adventurous American Art Collectors. New York, NY: Random House, 1958.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Elgar, Frank. Van Gogh, A Study of His Life and Work. New York: Praeger, 1958.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 210",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 16",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \u201cCleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.\u201d ARTnews 57 (March 1958): 24\u201337.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 28",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIX, no.9 (September, 1959): 199.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\"Bequest of Leonard C. Hannah, Jr.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVI,no.6 (June, 1959): 122.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute. 1913 Armory Show; 50th Anniversary Exhibition, Utica, NY:1963.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191, no. 1047",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sachs II, Samuel. \"Reconstructing the Whirlwind of 26th Street.\" ARTnews 61 (February 1963): 26.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 78 (December 1963): 481\u201388.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 486",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202"
},
{
"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Important Impressionist and Modern Drawings, Paintings and Sculpture. 1966.",
"page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: lot no. 49",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "De la Faille, J.-B. The Works of Vincent Van Gogh; His Paintings and Drawings. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff International, 1970.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 786",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lecaldano, Paolo. L'opera pittorica completa di Van Gogh e i suoi nessi grafici. Milan, IT: Rizzoli, 1971.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 841",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lubin, Albert J. Stranger on the Earth; A Psychological Biography of Vincent Van Gogh. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1972.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, pl. 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Pablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LIX, no. 7 (September 1972): 194-203.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 199, fig. 12",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"Reconstruction: A Painting by Jasper Johns.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LX, no. 8 (October, 1973): 235-241.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Johnson, Mark. \"Portrait Painting: An Image of a Man.\" Arts and Activities 82, no. 1 (September 1977): 32-38.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 5",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n241"
},
{
"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: no. 2036; Detail: p. 485 no. 16",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Nemecaek, Alfred. \"Der Wirt Ravoux und Seine Tochter-Menschen in Auvers.\" Art: Das Kunstmagazin 1 (February 1981): 28.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"Woman in the Waves by Paul Gauguin.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI, no.10 (October, 1984): 280-289.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Herbert, Robert L., Eleanor S. Apter, and Elise K. Kenney. The Socie\u0301te\u0301 Anonyme and the Dreier Bequest at Yale University: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. New Haven, CT: Published for the Yale University Art Gallery by Yale University Press, 1984.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 748, 776",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Van der Marck, Jan. In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship. Miami, Fla., U.S.A.: The Center, 1984.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: cat no. 124, p. 246, Reproduced: p. 73",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ikegami, Chu\u0304ji. Gohho. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Shu\u0304eisha, 1985.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gohho ten. Tokyo, Japan: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Shinbun, 1985.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Mothe, Alain. Vincent van Gogh a\u0300 Auvers-sur-Oise. Paris, FR: Valhermeil, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Brown, Milton W. The Story of the Armory Show. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1988.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199; mentioned: p. 272, no. 1047",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc. Impressionist and Modern Paintings and Sculpture, Part I. 1988.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 56-62, lot no. 22",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Muko\u0304da, Naoki, and Hideo Takumi. Gohho junrei. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shincho\u0304sha, 1990.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Madeline, Laurence. \"Auvers: La Symphonie Inachevee.\" In Van Gogh, Auvers-sur-Oise: Mai-Juillet 1890., 8-27. [Paris]: Publie\u0301 par Beaux-Arts Magazine, Publications, Nuit et jour, 1990.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Heijbroek, Jan Frederik, and Ester Wouthuysen. Kunst, kennis en commercie: de kunsthandelaar J.H. de Bois (1878-1946). Amsterdam, NL: Contact, 1993.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, 200",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Walther, Ingo F. and Rainer Metzger. Vincent Van Gogh: The Complete Paintings. Ko\u0308ln, DE: Benedikt Taschen, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 667, vol. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gachet, Paul, and Alain Mothe. Les 70 jours de van Gogh a\u0300 Auvers: essai d'e\u0301phe\u0301me\u0301ride dans le de\u0301cor de l'e\u0301poque (20 mai-30 juillet 1890), d'apre\u0300s les lettres, documents, souvenirs et de\u0301ductions, Auvers-sur-Oise, 1959. [Saint-Ouen-l'Aumo\u0302ne]: Editions du Valhermeil, 1994.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154-155, pl. 26",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. The New Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches: Revised and Enlarged Edition of the Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of Vincent Van Gogh. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Co, 1996.",
"page_number": ":Mentioned and reproduced: p. 466-467",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 310-313.",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Dorn, Roland. Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits. New York, NY: Thames & Hudson, 2000.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M.. Vincent Van Gogh: The Painter and the Portrait. New York, NY: Universe, 2000.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66, no. 50",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van, and Roland Dorn. Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2000.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 197",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Goldin, Marco. Gauguin, Van Gogh: l'avventura del colore nuovo. Conegliano, IT: Linea d'ombra libri, 2005.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Gross, Jennifer R., and Ruth L. Bohan. The Socie\u0301te\u0301 Anonyme: Modernism for America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press in association with the Yale University Art Gallery, 2006.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Veen, Wouter van der, and Peter Knapp. Van Gogh in Auvers: his last days. New York, NY: Monacelli Press, 2010.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163, fig. 83",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Franklin, David. Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62-63",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Berman, Avis. 2013. \u201cForces for the New Collectors and the Armory.\u201d Magazine Antiques 180, no. 1 (January/February 2013: 154-166.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159; reproduced: p. 162, fig. 11",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.",
"page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 20",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 22",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Kahng, Eik, ed. Through Vincent's Eyes: Van Gogh and His Sources. Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Museum of Art; New Haven, CT: in association with Yale University Press, 2021.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 198-201, no. 19",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Stein, Susan Alyson. \"Van Gogh in New York: Picturing the First Years, 1912-29.\" In Van Gogh in America. Jill Shaw, ed., 56-91. Detroit, Michgan: Detroit Institute of Arts, 2022.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: P. 61, pl. 18, no. 65; Mentioned: P. 63",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Bakker, Nienke. \"Timless Portraits: On Melancholy and Youth.\" In Van Gogh in Auvers-Sur-Oise: His Final Months edited by Nienke Bakker, Emmanuel Coquery, Teio Meedendorp, and Louis van Tilborgh, 116-133. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117, 120; Reproduced: p. 122, no. 120.",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Bonafoux, Pascal. Vincent van Gogh. Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana Fondato da Giovanni Treccani, 2023.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 366",
"url": ""
}
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"description": "Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890)",
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"biography": "The son of a clergyman, Vincent van Gogh was sent to The Hague at the age of sixteen to become an apprentice at Goupil & Co., an art dealer with whom his uncle was affiliated. In August 1872 van Gogh began his extensive correspondence with his younger brother Theo, who would join the Brussels branch of the firm the following year. Vincent was transferred to the London offices in 1873 and two years later to the Paris office, but he despised the art trade and was dismissed in 1876. He then taught briefly at a boarding school in Ramsgate and Isleworth, and, back in the Netherlands, worked in a bookshop in Dordrecht before moving to Amsterdam to study theology. In little more than a year he had left the university and entered missionary school, failing again. Still intent on entering the ministry, he moved to the Borinage in Belgium and became a lay evangelist to the miners. Van Gogh finally decided to become an artist in August 1880 and started copying works by Millet (q.v.), the painter of peasant life. With his brother's financial help, he briefly joined the Academy in Brussels. The following year he returned to The Hague, where he received some artistic training from his cousin by marriage, Anton Mauve (1838-1888). There van Gogh met Sien Hoornik, a pregnant prostitute with a five-year-old daughter, with whom he lived briefly. Unable to marry her because of his family's disapproval, he moved in November 1883 from The Hague to the province of Drenthe, a popular place for artists, where he painted and drew laborers and peasants. Feeling terribly lonely, he visited his parents in December 1884 in Nuenen, and it was there that he finally decided to become a painter of peasant life. Van Gogh completed The Potato Eaters (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) in April 1885 and sent it to his brother in Paris. On 25 November he moved to Antwerp, where he reveled in the work of Rubens and first came to know Japanese prints. Van Gogh traveled to Paris in March 1886 and lived with Theo. Under the influence of the impressionists, and works by Monticelli (q.v.), his palette changed to more intense and vibrant colors. He began to associate with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), Degas (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), Pissarro (q.v.), and Seurat (q.v.) and started collecting some of their paintings as well as Japanese prints. He moved to Arles in February 1888. Apart from paintings, he also made some drawings because it was a cheaper medium. Theo encouraged him to submit to the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants. In May Vincent rented a room in the Yellow House, even though he could hardly afford to do so, and continued to send his work to his brother. In June he became intrigued with the subject of the wheat harvest and painted The Sower (Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo). On 23 October 1888, Gauguin arrived in Arles, at a time when van Gogh was having trouble with his eyesight. Gauguin encouraged him to paint from memory, which resulted in Memory of the Garden in Etten (Hermitage, St. Petersburg). The artists, however, had many disagreements, and during a dramatic quarrel on 23 December van Gogh mutilated his ear. He was taken into a hospital in Arles, and Gauguin left for Paris. Van Gogh recovered rapidly and was dismissed on 7 January 1889. In February his neighbors objected to his presence in the Yellow House, and he had to return to the hospital. In April Theo married Johanna Gesina Bonger, who would eventually safeguard most of Vincent's oeuvre. Aware of his mental problems, at the end of April van Gogh checked himself into the asylum of Saint-Paul-de-Mausole in Saint-R\u00e9my, where he was treated by Dr. Peyron. His condition was stable, and he was allowed to work in a makeshift studio. He worked in the garden (Irises, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles) and painted the fields he could see from his window. Under supervision he painted in the countryside, rendering cypresses and olive trees. Starry Night (Museum of Modern Art, New York) also stems from this period. From July through September he suffered from a severe depression that prevented him from working. He resumed his work from October through December, painting well-known Proven\u00e7al works and adapting prints after Delacroix (q.v.), Millet, and Rembrandt (1606-1669). In January 1890 he exhibited five works with Les XX in Brussels, selling one of them. After a visit to Arles at the end of February, he became ill again but continued to work. He finally left the asylum, and visited Theo in Paris on his way to Auvers, where he arrived on 20 May. He became close friends with Dr. Gachet and rented a room at the inn of the Ravoux family. He painted the village, portraits, and the surrounding wheat fields. On 27 July 1890, during an episode of depression, van Gogh shot himself in the chest and died two days later.",
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