id: 135336 accession number: 1958.34 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.34 updated: 2023-08-24 11:35:27.814000 Berthe Morisot, c. 1869–73. Edouard Manet (French, 1832–1883). Oil on fabric; framed: 91.1 x 76.5 x 7.3 cm (35 7/8 x 30 1/8 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 74 x 60 cm (29 1/8 x 23 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. 1958.34 title: Berthe Morisot title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: c. 1869–73 creation date earliest: 1869 creation date latest: 1873 current location: 222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism creditline: Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: oil on fabric department: Modern European Painting and Sculpture collection: Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960 type: Painting find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Edouard Manet (French, 1832–1883) - artist Born into a wealthy family, Édouard Manet was encouraged in his artistic curiosity by his uncle and often visited the Louvre with his college friend Antonin Proust. Initially, however, Manet wanted to pursue a naval career. It was not until he failed the entrance exams for the naval academy that he decided to pursue a career as an artist. In 1850 he entered the studio of Couture (q.v.), whose reputation had risen sharply after exhibiting his Romans of the Decadence (Salon 1847, Musée d'Orsay, Paris). Couture wanted to circumvent conventional academic training and combined traditional painting methods with new techniques-for example, allowing underpaint to form an intrinsic part of the final composition, which resulted in a sketchy appearance. Manet would absorb this technique into his work. He had no strict need to sell his artwork; rather, he longed for recognition as an artist. He responded to Charles Baudelaire's call to young artists to paint contemporary life rather than antiquity and take a distanced point of view, because, as Baudelaire stated in his article The Painter of Modern Life (published in Le Figaro, 1863), objectivity is more sincere and honest. In 1863 the Salon jury rejected more than half of the five thousand works submitted, including Manet's Déjeuner sur l'herbe (Musée d'Orsay, Paris). In response to the conservative jury of that year, Napoleon III, in an effort to appease the artists as well as discourage antigovernment sentiment, organized the Salon des Refusés, which took place in the Palais des Champs-Élysées two weeks after the opening of the official Salon. The painting caused a formidable succès de scandale both for its technique and subject matter. The majority of the people failed to understand that the artist wanted to translate the conventions of the Old Masters into a new idiom that would reflect contemporary society. Two years later the scandal was repeated when Manet's Olympia (Musée d'Orsay, Paris) was accepted into the Salon of 1865. This time the jury was more lenient because fewer academicians were among its members. Even though his work often received severe criticism, Manet continued to submit works to the Salon, which he felt was the only legitimate place to compete and prove himself as an artist. At the time of the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1867, Manet, following Courbet's (q.v.) lead set in 1855, organized his own pavilion next to the Exposition where he showed more than fifty paintings. Émile Zola, the French writer and critic who may have collaborated with Manet in writing the preface for his one-man exhibition, recognized his talent and modernity. Zola rejected academic painting of the day, including Alexandre Cabanel's (1823-1889) The Birth of Venus (Musée d'Orsay, Paris), which not only won the gold medal at the Salon of 1863 but was purchased by Napoleon III. Zola vehemently defended Manet against harsh criticism and exalted him as the greatest painter of the nineteenth century. Manet painted a portrait of Zola (Salon 1868, Musée d'Orsay, Paris) that reflected the artist's interest in Japanese prints as well as photography. By the 1870s Manet's palette had lightened and his brushwork became freer and more sketchy. These new features in his painting technique may have resulted from his contact with the younger impressionist group that began exhibiting as such in 1874. Although Manet was friendly with its members and sympathized with their goals, he never exhibited with them and continued to show his paintings at the official Salon. Manet was truly innovative in depicting subjects of urban life. However, during his lifetime he enjoyed little support, and it was not until the impressionists gained general recognition that Manet was acknowledged as a truly modern painter. Henri Matisse (1869-1954) would express his immense admiration for Manet as follows: "He was the first to act by reflex, thus simplifying the painter's métier, . . . Manet was direct as could be."1 1. Matisse in L'Intransigeant (25 January 1932), cited in Manet 1832-1883, 18. --- measurements: Framed: 91.1 x 76.5 x 7.3 cm (35 7/8 x 30 1/8 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 74 x 60 cm (29 1/8 x 23 5/8 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Style, Truth and the Portrait opening date: 1963-10-01T04:00:00 Style, Truth and the Portrait. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963). title: Édouard Manet opening date: 1966-11-03T05:00:00 Édouard Manet. Philadelphia Museum of Art (organizer) (November 3-December 11, 1966); The Art Institute of Chicago (January 13-February 19, 1967). title: Manet opening date: 1985-02-07T05:00:00 Manet. Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden (organizer) (February 7-May 12, 1985). title: Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot opening date: 1993-11-07T05:00:00 Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 7, 1993-January 2, 1994). title: Masters of Impressionism opening date: 1998-11-17T00:00:00 Masters of Impressionism. Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (November 17, 1998-February 28, 1999). title: Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections opening date: 1999-10-10T00:00:00 Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections. The Baltimore Museum of Art (organizer) (October 10, 1999-January 30, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (March 25-May 7, 2000); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28-July 30, 2000). title: An Intimate Vision--Women Impressionsts: Bracquemond, Cassatt, Gonzalès, and Morisot opening date: 2001-11-12T00:00:00 An Intimate Vision--Women Impressionsts: Bracquemond, Cassatt, Gonzalès, and Morisot. Museo de Bellas Artes, Bilbao, 48011 Bilbao, Spain (organizer) (November 12, 2001-February 3, 2002). title: Rétrospective Berthe Morisot (1841-1895) opening date: 2002-03-08T00:00:00 Rétrospective Berthe Morisot (1841-1895). Palais des Beaux Arts de Lille, Lille, France (organizer) (March 8-June 9, 2002). title: Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art opening date: 2006-05-27T00:00:00 Monet to Dalí: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Beijing World Art Museum, China (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009). title: Manet: Portraying Life opening date: 2012-10-04T00:00:00 Manet: Portraying Life. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (October 4, 2012-January 1, 2013); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 26-April 14, 2013). title: Degas, Impressionism & the Paris Millinery Trade opening date: 2017-02-12T00:00:00 Degas, Impressionism & the Paris Millinery Trade. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (February 12-May 7, 2017); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (June 24-September 24, 2017). title: Edouard Manet opening date: 2017-10-24T04:00:00 Edouard Manet. Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal, Germany (organizer) (October 24, 2017-February 25, 2018). title: The Impressionists and Photography opening date: 2019-10-15T04:00:00 The Impressionists and Photography. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (October 15, 2019-January 26, 2020). title: Manet's Model Family opening date: 2024-10-17T04:00:00 Manet's Model Family. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, MA (organizer) (October 17, 2024-January 20, 2025). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS * manchon, prêté par M. Balsan, Paris, France. * Exposition d'art français du XIXe siècle. Galeries Paul Rosenberg, Paris, France (1917). * Le décor de la vie sous le Second Empire. Pavillon de Marsan, Palais du Louvre, Paris, France (1922). * Exposition d'oeuvres de Manet.Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France (1928). * Quelques oeuvres importantes de Manet à Van Gogh. Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris, France. (1932). * Exposition Manet 1832-1883. Musée de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (1932). * L'impressionnisme. Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (1935). * Exhibition of Masters of French Nineteenth Century Painting. New Burlington Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1936). * Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum. Honderd Jaar Fransche Kunst. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1938). * A Loan Exhibition of Manet. Wildenstein, New York, NY (1948). * Summer Loan: group of fourteen Hanna paintings. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June-September 1949). --- PROVENANCE Artist's studio inventory, Paris, France, 1884 date: 1884 footnotes: citations: (Drouot, Paris, France, February, 1884, Artist's estate sale, sold back to Mrs. Manet) date: 1884 footnotes: citations: Mrs. Edouard Manet [1829-1906], Paris, France date: 1884-1910 footnotes: citations: August Pellerin [1853-1929], Paris, France date: 1910 footnotes: citations: Jules Strauss [1863-1943], Paris, France date: 1912 footnotes: citations: (Georges Petit, Paris, France, December 1932, lot 48, sold to Turner date: 1932 footnotes: citations: Turner, London, United Kingdom date: 1932-1935 footnotes: citations: Jacques Balsan [1868-1956], Paris, France date: 1935-1947 footnotes: citations: Mrs. Jules Balsan [1877-1964], New York, NY, November 1947, consigned to Knoedler & Co. for sale date: 1935 footnotes: citations: (Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, November 1947, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.) date: 1947 footnotes: citations: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [1898-1957], Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art date: 1947-1958 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1958- footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: Manet kept this portrait of Morisot throughout his life, and it was listed in the inventory of his studio after his death. digital description: wall description: This painting depicts the Impressionist painter Berthe Morisot, who began working closely with Manet around 1868. Manet painted her portrait several times, at first presenting her in static poses with neatly styled hair. As their relationship grew closer, Manet began portraying her in more momentary, fleeting states. She almost appears to be moving in this portrait, her hair disheveled as she throws a furtive glance to the side. Manet’s sketchy brushwork creates a daringly unfinished look, as if echoing the hurried tempo of modern life. --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS page number: url: Duret, Théodore, and J. E. Crawford Flitch. Manet and the French Impressionists: Pissarro--Claude Monet--Sisley--Renoir--Berthe Morisot--Cézanne--Guillaumin. London: G. Richards; Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1910. page number: Mentioned: p. 226, no. 111 url: Meier-Graefe, Julius. Edouard Manet. München: Piper, 1912. page number: Reproduced: pl. 93 url: Blanche, Jacques-Émile, and Frederick C. de Sumichrast. Manet. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1925. page number: Reproduced: pl. 22 url: Duret, Théodore. Histoire de Édouard Manet et de Son Oeuvre: Avec un Catalogue des Peintures et des Pastels. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1926. page number: Mentioned: p. 250, no. 111 url: Moreau-Nélaton, Etienne. Manet: Raconté par Lui-même. Paris: H. Laurens, 1926. page number: Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 109; reproduced: vol. 1, fig. 119 url: Manet, Édouard. E. Manet: 24 Phototypies: notice de Florent Fels. Paris: Librairie de France, 1928. page number: Reproduced: pl. 12 url: Tabarant, A. Manet: Histoire Catalographique. Paris: Éd. Montaigne, 1931. page number: Mentioned: p. 192, no. 140 url: Colin, Paul. Édouard Manet. Paris: Floury, 1932. page number: Reproduced: pl. XXXII url: Jamot, Paul, and Georges Wildenstein. Manet. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, édition d'études et de documents, 1932. page number: Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 137, no. 154; reproduced: vol. 2, p. 65, fig. 152 url: "Collection Jules Strauss." L'Art et les Artistes 26, no. 131 (November 1932): 71. page number: Reproduced: p. 71 url: Bataille, Marie-Louise. "Die Auktion Jules Strauss." Kunst und künstler 32 (1933): 74-75. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74-75 url: Duret, Théodore, and John Ernest Crawford Flitch. Manet. New York: Crown Publishers, 1937. page number: Reproduced: pl. 42 url: Laver, James, Michel Sevier, and Alfred Flechtheim. French Painting and the Nineteenth Century. New York: Scribner's, 1937. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 64, no. 64 url: Duca, Lo. "L'Art Francese in the Mostre." Emporium 86 (1937): 517-540. page number: Reproduced: p. 533 url: Jedlicka, Gotthard. Édouard Manet. Mit 145 abbildungen. Erlenbach-Zürich: E. Rentsch, 1941. page number: Reproduced: opp. p. 132 url: Florisoone, Michel. Manet. Monaco: Documents d'art, 1947. page number: Mentioned: p. XXV url: Tabarant, A. Manet et Ses Oeuvres. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1947. page number: Reproduced: p. 144; mentioned: p.157-158 url: Louchheim, Aline B. "Private Collectors: On Loan at the Metropolitan." The New York Times (July 17, 1949): 6x. page number: Reproduced: p. 6x url: Venturi, Lionello. Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec. New York: Scribner, 1950. page number: Mentioned: p. 18; reproduced: fig. 9 url: Coe, Nancy. The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955. page number: Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 15 url: Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958. page number: Reproduced: no. 18 url: Frankfurter, Alfred M. “Cleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.” ARTnews 57 (March 1958): 24–37. page number: Reproduced: p. 37 url: "Accessions of American and Canadian Museums." Art Quarterly 21, no. 1 (Spring 1958): 83-104. page number: Reproduced: p. 104 url: Saisselin, Rémy G. Style, Truth, and the Portrait. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963. page number: Reproduced: cat. no. 87 url: Henning, E. B. “Cleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.” Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 78 (December 1963): 481–88. page number: Reproduced: p. 484 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. page number: Reproduced: p. 172 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n196 Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Anne Coffin Hanson. Édouard Manet, 1832-1883. [Exhibition] Philadelphia Museum of Art, November 3-December 11, 1966; the Art Institute of Chicago, January 13-February 19, 1967. 1966. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 105, p. 121, 123 url: Aymar, Gordon Christian. The Art of Portrait Painting; Portraits Through the Centuries As Seen Through the Eyes of a Practicing Portrait Painter. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co, 1967. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 206, pl. 100 url: Orienti,Sandra, and Marcello Venturi. L'Opera Pittorica di Edouard Manet. Milano: Rizzoli, 1967. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98, no. 124 url: Neugass, Fritz. "Manet-Ausstellung in den USA." Die Weltkunst. The World-art Review 37 (15 January 1967): 50-51. page number: Mentioned: p. 51 url: Neilson, Winthrop, and Frances Fullerton Neilson. Seven Women: Great Painters. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co, 1968. page number: Mentioned: p. 59-60; reproduced: pl. 8 url: Bodelsen, Merete (Christensen). “Early Impressionist Sales 1874-94 in the Light of Some Unpublished ‘Procès-Verbaux.’” Burlington Magazine 110 (February 1968): 330–49. page number: Reproduced: p. 343 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. page number: Reproduced: p. 172 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n196 Hess, Thomas B., and Linda Nochlin. "Woman as Sex Object." ARTnews Annual 38 (1972): 84. page number: Reproduced: p. 84 url: Rouart, Denis, and Daniel Wildenstein. Édouard Manet: Catalogue Raisonné. Lausanne: Bibliothèque des arts, 1975. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 1, p. 128-129, no. 138 url: Hanson, Anne Coffin. Manet and the Modern Tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977. page number: Reproduced: pl. 43 url: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 211 url: https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n231 Monneret, Sophie. L'Impressionnisme et Son Epoque: Dictionnaire International Illustré. Paris: Denoël, 1978. page number: Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 19 url: Wentworth, Michael. James Tissot: Catalogue Raisonné of His Prints.
Minneapolis, Minn.: Minneapolis Institute of Arts,1978. page number: Reproduced: p. 145, fig. 31e url: Holten, Ragnar von, and Édouard Manet. Manet i närbild. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1985. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 63, p. 92 url: Keller, Horst. Edouard Manet. München: Bruckmann, 1989. page number: Reproduced: p. 99, no. 73; mentioned: p. 173, no. 73 url: Cachin, Françoise. Manet. [Paris]: Chêne, 1990. page number: Reproduced: p. 151, no. 3 url: Higonnet, Anne. Berthe Morisot. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1990. page number: Reproduced: pl. 8 url: Opfell, Olga S. Special Visions: Profiles of Fifteen Women Artists from the Renaissance to the Present Day. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1991. page number: Reproduced: p. 71 url: Cleveland Museum of Art. Masterpieces from East and West. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 151 url: Chong, Alan. European & American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 140 url: Brombert, Beth Archer. Edouard Manet: Rebel in a Frock Coat. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996. page number: Mentioned: p. 264; reproduced: fig. 28 url: Körner, Hans. Edouard Manet: Dandy, Flaneur, Maler. München: W. Fink, 1996. page number: Reproduced: p. 136, fig. 104 url: Shennan, Margaret. Berthe Morisot, the First Lady of Impressionism. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub, 1996. page number: Mentioned: p. 90 url: Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). Maestros del impresionismo. México, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 96-97 url: Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). Maestros del Impresionismo. México, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96-97 url: Johnston, Sona. Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections. New York, NY : Rizzoli, 1999. page number: Reproduced: p. 169, cat. no. 35 url: D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: Vol. 2, p. 408-410, no. 141 url: Johnston, Sona, Susan Bollendorf, and John House. Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections. [Baltimore, Md.]: Baltimore Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International, 1999. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108-109, no. 35 url: Bray, Xavier, Bill Scott, and Juliet Wilson-Bareau. Mujeres impresionistas: la otra mirada : Sala BBK, 12 de novembre de 2001-3 de febrero de 2002. [Bilbao]: Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2001. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 3, p. 58-59 url: Bray, Xavier, Bill Scott, and Juliet Wilson-Bareau. Mujeres Impresionistas: la Otra Mirada : Sala BBK, 12 de novembre de 2001-3 de febrero de 2002. [Bilbao]: Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2001. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 58-59, no. 3 url: Morisot, Berthe. Berthe Morisot, 1841-1895: Lille, Palais des beaux-arts, 10 mars-9 juin 2002, Martigny, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 20 juin-19 novembre 2002. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002. page number: Mentioned: cat. no. 162, p. 454-455 url: Berthe Morisot, 1841-1895: Lille, Palais des beaux-arts, 10 mars-9 juin 2002, Martigny, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 20 juin-19 novembre 2002. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2002. page number: Mentioned and reproduced: p. 454-455, no. 162 url: Stevens, Mary Anne. Manet, Portraying Life. Toledo: Toledo Museum of Art; London: Royal Academy of Arts; New York: Distributed in the United States and Canada by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2012. page number: Reproduced: p. 101, no. 19 url: Kelly, Simon, and Esther Bell. Degas, Impressionism, and the Paris Millinery Trade. San Francisco, CA: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco-Legion of Honor ; Munic ; DelMonico Books, an imprint of Prestel, a member of Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH, 2017. page number: Reproduced: p. 150-151, no. 29 url: Conzen, Ina. "Die Flaneuse - Manets Bilder von Frauen." In Edouard Manet. Gerhard Finckh, ed., 41-49. Wuppertal: Von der Heydt-Museum, 2017. page number: Reproduced: p. 45, 211 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_full.tif