{
"data": {
"id": 136463,
"accession_number": "1960.40",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Chrysanthemums and Cabbage (\u83ca\u82b1\u767d\u83dc\u5716), c. 1486 or before. Tao Cheng (Chinese, active c. 1471\u2013after 1502). Handscroll; ink and slight color on paper; overall: 28.6 x 253.7 cm (11 1/4 x 99 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1960.40",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Chrysanthemums and Cabbage",
"title_in_original_language": "\u83ca\u82b1\u767d\u83dc\u5716",
"creation_date": "c. 1486 or before",
"creation_date_earliest": 1486,
"creation_date_latest": 1486,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"
],
"technique": "handscroll; ink and slight color on paper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Overall: 28.6 x 253.7 cm (11 1/4 x 99 7/8 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.286,
"height_inch": 11,
"height_inch_fraction": 0.25,
"width": 2.537,
"width_inch": 99,
"width_inch_fraction": 0.875
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "Artist's seal at beginning of painting: Yun hu \u96f2\u6e56. \n\nTitle by Wang Wenzhi \u738b\u6587\u6cbb (1730\u20131802), date 1756.\n\n2 seals of Wang Wenzhi \u738b\u6587\u6cbb (1730\u20131802); 3 seals of Ku Y\u00fcn (n. d.)",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"inscription": "Section A (Chrysanthemums): \n1 poem and 1 seal of Zhang Yuanzhen \u5f35\u5143\u798e (1437\u20131507) - Jinshi, 1461; \n1 poems and 3 seals of Ni Yue \u502a\u5cb3 (1444\u20131501) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poems and 2 seals of Zhao Xiang \u8d99\u7965 (life dates unknown) - Jinshi, 1469; \n1 poems and 1 seals of Wu Xixian \u5433\u5e0c\u8ce2 (1437\u20131489) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poems and 1 seals of L\u00fc Chang \u5442\u3982 (1449\u20131511) - Juren, 1471; \n1 poems and 3 seals of Fu Han \u5085\u701a (1435\u20131502) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poems and 1 seals of Feng Jue \u99ae\u73cf (life dates unknown) - Jinshi, 1478.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"inscription": "Chrysanthemums section, poem 1, by Zhang Yuanzhen \u5f35\u5143\u798e (1437\u20131507): \nSeveral bushes of chrysanthemums grow in front of the Five-Willow Cottage, \nThe yellow ones are really yellow and the white ones white.\nThis affable and decent fellow, young in years and unsophisticated,\nHas snapped one of the branches to dip in ink.\n\n(The Five-Willows Cottage was the home of the poet Tao Qian \u9676\u6f5b [Tao Yuanming \u9676\u6df5\u660e, 365-427 CE].)\n\nChrysanthemums section, poem 2, by Ni Yue \u502a\u5cb3 (1444\u20131501): \nWhere at the Eastern Fence can you grieve for the Soul of the Xiang River?\nA man of upright character is mourned within the traces of ink.\nWhite jade with a slight flaw would be a grievance forever, \nLater men should understand why even the roots of the flowers are washed.\n\n(Eastern Fence refers again to the poet Tao Qian \u9676\u6f5b, while the Soul of the Hsiang River refers to the poet Qu Yuan \u5c48\u539f [c.\u2009340\u2013278 BCE].)\n\nChrysanthemums section, poem 3, by Zhao Xiang \u8d99\u7965 (life dates unknown): \nA clump of chrysanthemum grows in front of the bamboo pavilion,\nThe winds of many autumns have blown since we parted beyond the river.\nStraining wine through the official's cap of Tao [Qian] to prolong autumn's pleasures,\nThe mists and clouds of ten thousand miles belong to the intoxicated.\n\n\nChrysanthemums section, poem 4, by Wu Xixian \u5433\u5e0c\u8ce2 (1437\u20131489): \nIt is a different spring if mulberry is planted during the latter part of the year,\nThe dust of the world originally did not drop on clothing.\nWho spills out ink under the Eastern Fence\nAnd paints so freely this portrait of chrysanthemums for the venerable Sir Tao?\n\nChrysanthemums section, poem 5, by L\u00fc Chang \u5442\u3982 (1449\u20131511): \nThis full tray of ink for painting [flowers] at the Eastern Fence;\nTheir whiteness or yellowness is not essential in capturing their beauty.\nI don't have to go to Jiangnan to see them myself.\nAt my old house grow two or three branches.\n\n\nChrysanthemums section, poem 6, by Fu Han \u5085\u701a (1435\u20131502): \nWho daubed autumn flowers with ink \nAs if they were dark dew on a branch tip only vaguely seen at evening? \nAfter the lazy clouds disperse, no one paints; \nA certain unconventionality pervades this painting.\n\nChrysanthemums section, poem 7, by Feng Jue \u99ae\u73cf (life dates unknown): \nTo satisfy his hunger, [the chrysanthemums] have at times entered the poetry of Qu Yuan; \nTaking up the wine cup, it felt close to Tao Qian.\n[With them I am like] a lonely root sustained by deep water \nOr an old man to whose hair the color of youth returns.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"inscription": "Section B (Cabbage): \n1 poem and 1 seal of Cai Qi \u8521\u573b (life dates unknown) - degree information not known; \n1 poems and 3 seals of Ni Yue \u502a\u5cb3 (1444\u20131501) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poem and 3 seals of Jiao Fang \u7126\u82b3 (1436\u20131517) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poem and 3 seals of Li Dongyang \u674e\u6771\u967d (1447\u20131516) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poems and 1 seals of Wu Xixian, signed \u201cXixian\u201d \u5433\u5e0c\u8ce2 - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poems and 3 seals of Fu Han \u5085\u701a (1435\u20131502) - Jinshi, 1464; \n1 poems and 1 seals of L\u00fc Chang \u5442\u3982 (1449\u20131511) - Juren, 1471; \n1 poems and 2 seals of Zhao Xiang \u8d99\u7965 (life dates unknown) - Jinshi, 1469; \n1 poems and 1 seals of Feng Jue \u99ae\u73cf (life dates unknown) - Jinshi, 1478.",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"inscription": "Cabbage section, poem 1, by Cai Qi \u8521\u573b (life dates unknown): \nThe ink splashes are fresh from a frosty brush dipped in pond water;\nI can visualize that time when Yunhu \u96f2\u6e56 [Tao Cheng] first showed his talents.\nI lament the places where I scribbled before,\nWho would open them to inscribe a poem?\n\n(The first line is an allusion to the famous Jin dynasty calligrapher Wang Xizhi \u738b\u7fb2\u4e4b [303\u2013361 CE], who practiced calligraphy so diligently at the edge of a pond that the water turned black with ink.)\n\nCabbage section, poem 2, by Ni Yue \u502a\u5cb3 (1444\u20131501): \nAfter rain the vegetables begin to grow;\nHow are the colors of the masses lately!\nOnce you get used to them, the tastiest parts are the ends of the roots;\nI don't know if they can be used for \"seasoning soup.\"\n\n(\"Seasoning soup\" is an allusion to the statesmanship of a chief minister.)\n\nCabbage section, poem 3, by Jiao Fang \u7126\u82b3 (1436\u20131517): \nThis crop of purple stalks and green leaves is late and irregular;\nNow the rainy season is over for the Eastern Garden.\nAll the nobles nowadays dine on meat;\nWho of them knows the flavor of this [cabbage].\n\nCabbage section, poem 4, by Li Dongyang \u674e\u6771\u967d (1447\u20131516): \nIt's always helped the honest man to sober up after drinks.\nI intend to go to the deepest part of the stream-crossed garden\nTo refresh myself in the fragrance and dew of evening.\n\nCabbage section, poem 5, by Wu Xixian \u5433\u5e0c\u8ce2 (1437\u20131489): \nAfter rain, the white silk is filled with fragrant vegetables; \nHow many times this happens in Mr. Tao's paintings. \nOn whom will you depend to present a memorial to the ruler? \nDon't let this color emerge on the faces of the people.\n\n(The last line is meant as a warning to officials: the color of the vegetables (green) may be pleasing in itself, but when it emerges on the faces of the starving poor, it signifies a badly governed world.)\n\nCabbage section, poem 6, by Fu Han \u5085\u701a (1435\u20131502): \nFor twenty years I have feasted on the excellent mutton of an official; \nYet I talk and dream about the garden and its vegetables. \nDo not merely say it is good to chew the root of the cabbage-- \nYou must taste to understand what poverty is.\n\nCabbage section, poem 7, by Lu Chang \u5442\u3982 (1449\u20131511): \nThe capital is never a place for an apprentice in the \"garden of scholarship.\" \nWho would write about gardens and vegetables on an examination paper? \nI've walked throughout the country in spring; \nMake sure the people don't show this color.\n\nCabbage section, poem 8, by Zhao Xiang \u8d99\u7965 (life dates unknown): \nAfter a wash of rain, the spring garden is still in order; \nThe flavor [of the cabbage] is more suitable with a small drink and the hum of a tune. \nThe rich and powerful in their mansions consume dish after dish of meat; \nVegetarian food is known only by the scholars.\n\nCabbage section, poem 9, by Feng Jue \u99ae\u73cf (life dates unknown): \nA new cabbage is nourished with dew; \nIt takes a long time to grow and mature. \nThe business of \"seasoning the soup\" is your responsibility; \nBetter command the gardener to take care [of the cabbages].\n\n\n(translated by HK/LYSL/WKH)",
"inscription_translation": null,
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 377849,
"title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei",
"description": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).",
"opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 302015,
"title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty",
"description": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).",
"opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 519277,
"title": "Chinese Art",
"description": "Chinese Art. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (January 8-26, 1962).",
"opening_date": "1962-01-08T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 301895,
"title": "The Colors of Ink",
"description": "The Colors of Ink. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).",
"opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311446,
"title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection",
"description": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).",
"opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 286274,
"title": "Chinese Gallery 240a Rotation \u2013 August 2016",
"description": "Chinese Gallery 240a Rotation \u2013 August 2016. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1, 2016-February 6, 2017).",
"opening_date": "2016-08-01T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Chiao-y\u00fc-pu. [Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji \u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanking Art Gallery, Nanjing, China (April 1-23, 1937).",
"opening_date": "1937-04-01T05:00:00Z"
},
{
"description": "Chinese Paintings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 19-August 7, 1960).",
"opening_date": "1960-07-19T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "Zhang Heng \u5f35\u73e9 [1915\u20131963]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Xu Bangda \u5f90\u90a6\u9054 [1911\u20132012]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "Severance A. [1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": null,
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Courtney Burton, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "?\u20131960",
"sortorder": 5
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": [],
"date": "1960\u2013",
"sortorder": 6
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Eminent calligrapher Wang Wenzhi (\u738b\u6587\u6cbb) was only 27 sui (years old) when he wrote the title in 1756.",
"early_education_description": null,
"artlens_description": null,
"description": "On an autumn day in Beijing, Tao Cheng had a gathering with a group of scholar-officials and created two paintings in a spontaneous, casual style. The first depicts chrysanthemums, slender bamboo stalks, and a rock in monochrome ink. Tao applied light colors for the second painting that depicts cabbage. Tao deliberately placed the images on the first sections of the paper so that his honorable guests could add their poetic inscriptions inspired by his imagery.
In the first section to the right, all seven poetic inscriptions refer to the beloved poet and recluse Tao Qian (also called Tao Yuanming, AD 365\u2013427) who was particularly known for his profound love for chrysanthemum flowers. Most of the inscriptions in the second section express sympathy for the poor, since cabbage is the main ingredient in their humble food. Taken together, the poems and paintings allude to the life and responsibilities of the scholar-official: the importance of both an upright character and a concern for the poor citizens in order to achieve good government.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465573"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.40-chrysanthemums-and-c"
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},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji [\u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanjing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1937.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 133",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: IV, 221; VII, Lists, 241",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Goepper, Roger. 1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 43",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d October 4, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.",
"page_number": null,
"url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0616"
},
{
"citation": "Chinese Art: An Exhibition of Paintings, Jades, Bronzes and Ceramics: Being a Contribution Made by Smith College Museum of Art to the College Interim Session, 1962. Northampton, MA: [The Museum], 1962.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n287"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n287"
},
{
"citation": "Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c. Chu\u0304goku bijutsu \u4e2d\u570b\u7f8e\u8853. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dansha, 1972.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: II, pt. 2, 248, pl. 75",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.",
"page_number": "cat. no. 29",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 349",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n369"
},
{
"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 237\u2013241",
"url": null
}
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