id: 138615 accession number: 1962.47 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.47 updated: 2023-03-10 19:42:41.974000 Head of Jina, c. AD 150–75. India, Mathura, Kushan Period (1st century-320). Red mottled sandstone; overall: 21.6 x 18.3 cm (8 1/2 x 7 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1962.47 title: Head of Jina title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: c. AD 150–75 creation date earliest: 150 creation date latest: 175 current location: 242B Indian Painting creditline: Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund copyright: --- culture: India, Mathura, Kushan Period (1st century-320) technique: red mottled sandstone department: Indian and Southeast Asian Art collection: Indian Art - Kushan, Mathura type: Sculpture find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS --- measurements: Overall: 21.6 x 18.3 cm (8 1/2 x 7 3/16 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India opening date: 1985-11-13T05:00:00 Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE (Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art) date: ?–1962 footnotes: citations: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH date: 1962– footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: This head provides an interesting study of the Kusana facial type that evolved after the disappearance of the earliest kapardin image, prevalent in the late first and during the beginning of the second century AD. The head of the kapardin image was distinguished by the plain, untextured hair marked only by the hairline and the spiral bun (kaparda) at the top of the head that is vaguely reminiscent of an usnisa. The development that followed consisted of semicircular lines arranged in rows to create an impression of wavy hair. According to Dutch archaeologist J. E. van Lohuizen-de Leeuw the fist dated image in which this occurred is the Anyor Buddha inscribed in AD 129. The convention seems to have been inspired by the Gandhara style that began penetrating the Mathura school during that period. It continued in use over the next 50 years (until c. AD 1810)—when the Gandhara influence in Mathura remained strong—and in some instances even longer, as can be verified by the Jina images dated to AD 195 and 199). This mode of depicting hair, alone, could be used for a more precise dating of the head, if one subscribes to another claim made by Lohuizen that the horizontal hairline indicates the earlier period of Gandhara influence, while the one with sideburns, as seen here, is characteristic of the later phase, c. 180 AD. The oval-shaped face has roundish, bulging eyes with double-outlined eyelids under the almost continuous rigid eyebrows. In the center of the forehead is a small round urna. The straight nose is not very prominent, and the full sensuously cut lips are rather small. --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS Lee, Sherman E. “Year in Review 1962.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 49, no. 9, 1962, pp. 199–227. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 63, p. 224 url: www.jstor.org/stable/25151915 Czuma, Stanislaw. “Mathura Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum Collection.” The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 64, no. 3, 1977, pp. 83–114. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 99, fig. 27 url: www.jstor.org/stable/25152680 Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985. page number: Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 4, p. 54 url: --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.47/1962.47_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.47/1962.47_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.47/1962.47_full.tif