{
"data": {
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"accession_number": "1963.231",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Apollo on Parnassus, c. 1517\u201320. Marcantonio Raimondi (Italian, 1470/82\u20131527/34), after Raphael (Italian, 1483\u20131520). Engraving; sheet: 35.5 x 46.9 cm (14 x 18 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1963.231",
"current_location": "101A Prints & Drawings",
"title": "Apollo on Parnassus",
"creation_date": "c. 1517\u201320",
"creation_date_earliest": 1512,
"creation_date_latest": 1525,
"artists_tags": [
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"culture": [
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"technique": "engraving",
"support_materials": [
{
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"watermarks": []
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],
"department": "Prints",
"collection": "PR - Engraving",
"type": "Print",
"measurements": "Sheet: 35.5 x 46.9 cm (14 x 18 7/16 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"sheet": {
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"height_inch_fraction": 0.0,
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},
"state_of_the_work": "before described state",
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "verso, lower left, in graphite: TR 13304/3",
"inscription_translation": null,
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}
],
"exhibitions": {
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{
"id": 304258,
"title": "Year in Review (1963)",
"description": "Year in Review (1963). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).",
"opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"
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{
"id": 350269,
"title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection",
"description": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"
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{
"id": 350752,
"title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings",
"description": "Old Master Prints and Drawings. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).",
"opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"
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{
"id": 301359,
"title": "The Print Club of Cleveland, 1919 - 1969: Fifty Years in Review",
"description": "The Print Club of Cleveland, 1919 - 1969: Fifty Years in Review. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 14-March 31, 1970).",
"opening_date": "1970-01-14T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 304516,
"title": "Eight Masters of the Print",
"description": "Eight Masters of the Print. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 14, 1980-January 18, 1981).",
"opening_date": "1980-10-14T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310008,
"title": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention",
"description": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 7-May 17, 1987).",
"opening_date": "1987-04-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311461,
"title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland",
"description": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).",
"opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311444,
"title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum",
"description": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).",
"opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 189312,
"title": "Mannerism: Italian, French, and Netherlandish Prints, 1520-1620",
"description": "Mannerism: Italian, French, and Netherlandish Prints, 1520-1620. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 3-October 26, 1997).",
"opening_date": "1997-08-03T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 205451,
"title": "Marcantonio Raimondi and Print Connoisseurship in Sixteenth-Century Italy",
"description": "Marcantonio Raimondi and Print Connoisseurship in Sixteenth-Century Italy. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (December 14, 1999-February 14, 2000).",
"opening_date": "1999-12-14T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 185234,
"title": "Early Italian Engraving: 1460's - 1530's",
"description": "Early Italian Engraving: 1460's - 1530's. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 25-October 27, 2002).",
"opening_date": "2002-08-25T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 203744,
"title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints",
"description": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).",
"opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 288386,
"title": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art",
"description": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-December 31, 2017).",
"opening_date": "2017-08-26T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 699500,
"title": "The Renaissance Engraver at Work",
"description": "The Renaissance Engraver at Work. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 5-November 1, 2026).",
"opening_date": "2026-07-05T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 117): June 3, 2013 - October 7, 2013.",
"opening_date": "2013-06-03T00:00:00"
}
]
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"description": "During their eight-year collaboration, Raphael provided drawings to Marcantonio Raimondi, who translated them into engravings. Marcantonio\u2019s technique is exemplifed here, consisting of curved, parallel lines crossed with hatching and punctuated with short flicks. Broad areas of blank space, printing as white, create strong chiaroscuro (light and shadow) effects. This print reproduces Raphael\u2019s fresco in the pope\u2019s living quarters at the Vatican and features Apollo and the Muses with three poets\u2014Dante, Homer, and Virgil (at left). Marcantonio printed this unique working proof (such proofs are exceptionally rare), before finishing Apollo\u2019s hands and instrument, some leaves, and the door below, perhaps to test light and shadow prior to filling in further details.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758041"
],
"internet_archive": [
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"citations": [
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n123"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n123"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n132"
}
],
"catalogue_raisonne": "Bartsch 247 ( XIV.200) ; Delaborde 110",
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"gallery_donor_text": "These Galleries are the Gift of James and Hanna Bartlett",
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"biography": "Raffaello Sanzio (Urbino, April 6, 1483-Rome, April 6, 1520), commonly known as Raphael, was one of the most admired Italian painters and architects on the High Renaissance. He was trained in his native city Urbino, a center of art and culture during the rule of the Duke Federico da Montefeltro. Around 1495, Raphael moved to Perugia and joined the master Pietro Perugino's workshop. He later sojourned to Siena, and then resided in Florence by the autumn of 1504. There, Raphael studied the works by Renaissance masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Fra Bartolomeo, and Masaccio. Raphael is best known for his paintings of Madonnas (from 1504 through 1507), and the frescoes that Pope Julio II commissioned to him in the Vatican Palace in Rome in 1514. The same year architect Donato Bramante died, and the pope appointed Raphael chief architect. Raphael's style was based on clarity of forms and harmonious compositions; after his death, his works were highly admired by both Mannerist and Baroque artists.",
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"alternate_titles": [
"Apollo on Parnassus, Surrounded by Muses and Poets"
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"updated_at": "2026-08-21 12:43:15.413000"
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