{
"data": {
"id": 140491,
"accession_number": "1964.4",
"share_license_status": "Copyrighted",
"tombstone": "Mandrake, 1951. Theodore Roszak (American, born Kingdom of Prussia [now Poland], 1907\u20131981). Steel brazed with copper; overall: 64.7 x 101.6 x 29.8 cm (25 1/2 x 40 x 11 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art, 1964.4. \u00a9 Estate of Theodore Roszak / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Mandrake",
"creation_date": "1951",
"creation_date_earliest": 1951,
"creation_date_latest": 1951,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"America, New York"
],
"technique": "steel brazed with copper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "American Painting and Sculpture",
"collection": "American - Sculpture",
"type": "Sculpture",
"measurements": "Overall: 64.7 x 101.6 x 29.8 cm (25 1/2 x 40 x 11 3/4 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.647,
"width": 1.016,
"depth": 0.298
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Theodore Roszak / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY",
"inscriptions": [],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 304723,
"title": "Year in Review (1964)",
"description": "Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 350592,
"title": "Prints and Drawings, 1916-1965",
"description": "Prints and Drawings, 1916-1965. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 20-July 24, 1966).",
"opening_date": "1966-05-20T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 311646,
"title": "Changing Dimensions: Works on Paper by Sculptors",
"description": "Changing Dimensions: Works on Paper by Sculptors. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1995-January 24, 1996).",
"opening_date": "1995-11-22T05:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "CMA 1964: \"Year in Review,\" cat., Bulletin, LI (December 1964), p. 261, listed no. 168",
"opening_date": "1964-12-01T00:00:00"
},
{
"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, 1995-1996: Changing Dimensions: Works on Paper by Sculptors: November 22, 1995-January 24, 1996, no cat.",
"opening_date": "1995-11-22T00:00:00"
}
]
},
"provenance": [],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [
{
"id": 140138,
"description": "Mandrake, 1951. Theodore Roszak (American, born Kingdom of Prussia [now Poland], 1907\u20131981). Pen and brown ink and brown wash. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.141. \u00a9 Estate of Theodore Roszak / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY",
"relationship": null
}
],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": null,
"description": null,
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80038855"
],
"internet_archive": []
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cNew Accessions Put on Display at Art Museum,\u201d July 9, 1963, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.",
"page_number": null,
"url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1209"
},
{
"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cThe Language of Art.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 51, no. 9 (November 1964): 211\u2013231.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 222-223, fig. 7",
"url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152016"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n225"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n225"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n271"
},
{
"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Bi-polar Order\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. Vol. 46 no. 03, March 2006",
"page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-03/page/8"
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.4",
"images": {},
"alternate_images": [],
"creditline": "Gift of the Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art",
"image_credit": null,
"sketchfab_id": null,
"sketchfab_url": null,
"gallery_donor_text": null,
"athena_id": 140491,
"creators": [
{
"id": 14356,
"description": "Theodore Roszak (American, born Kingdom of Prussia [now Poland], 1907\u20131981)",
"extent": null,
"qualifier": null,
"role": "artist",
"biography": "Theodore Roszak American, b. Prussia, 1907-1981 Theodore Roszak was a painter and sculptor whose interest in modern European art and the writings of L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy led him to experiment with photograms in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Although born in Posen (now Poznan, Poland), Roszak grew up in Chicago. While in high school he took evening classes at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, enrolling there as a full-time student in 1925. In 1926 he moved to New York City, where he studied briefly with Charles Hawthorne at the National Academy of Design and then privately with painter George Luks. He also attended classes in logic and philosophy at Columbia University. The next year he returned to Chicago, resuming his studies at the Art Institute. In 1929 Roszak was awarded a fellowship which allowed him to travel in Europe for two years; during this time he became acquainted with constructivism and the philosophy of the Bauhaus. He returned to the United States in 1931, settling in New York City. His work of this period reflected the influence of constructivist aesthetics. By the mid-1930s he was primarily producing wall reliefs and freestanding geometric constructions made from plastic and wood. From about 1937-41 Roszak began making photograms (cameraless photographs) as a way to experiment with light and geometric form. He also incorporated photograms into his teaching curriculum at the Design Laboratory, an experimental school inspired by the principles of the Bauhaus and Moholy-Nagy (funded by the government under the wpa), where he taught from 1938\u201340. During these years he produced hundreds of photograms, which he never exhibited. From 1940-56 Roszak taught at Sarah Lawrence College. During World War II he taught aircraft mechanics and built airplanes at the Brewster Aircraft Corporation in New Jersey. After the war his sculpture, now created out of welded metal, shifted from a concern with geometric shapes to an interest in more organic, expressionistic forms. Roszak continued to be active as a sculptor throughout the 1960s and from 1970\u201372 taught at Columbia University. The Cleveland Museum of Art also owns two sculptures by Roszak. M.M.",
"name_in_original_language": null,
"birth_year": "1907",
"death_year": "1981",
"use_in_caption": true,
"include_extent": false,
"weight": 1
}
],
"legal_status": "accessioned",
"accession_date": "1964-02-22T00:00:00",
"sortable_date": 1951,
"date_added_to_oa": null,
"date_text": "1951",
"collapse_artists": false,
"on_loan": false,
"recently_acquired": false,
"record_type": "object",
"conservation_statement": null,
"has_conservation_images": false,
"cover_accession_number": null,
"is_nazi_era_provenance": false,
"impression": null,
"alternate_titles": [],
"is_highlight": false,
"updated_at": "2026-03-27 00:08:01.725000"
}
}