{
"data": {
"id": 141484,
"accession_number": "1964.94",
"share_license_status": "CC0",
"tombstone": "Beggars and Street Characters (\u6d41\u6c13\u5716), 1516. Zhou Chen (Chinese, c. 1450\u2013c. 1536). Handscroll; ink and light color on paper; overall: 31.9 x 244.5 cm (12 9/16 x 96 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.94",
"current_location": null,
"title": "Beggars and Street Characters",
"title_in_original_language": "\u6d41\u6c13\u5716",
"creation_date": "1516",
"creation_date_earliest": 1516,
"creation_date_latest": 1516,
"artists_tags": [
"male"
],
"culture": [
"China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"
],
"technique": "Handscroll; ink and light color on paper",
"support_materials": [],
"department": "Chinese Art",
"collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll",
"type": "Painting",
"measurements": "Overall: 31.9 x 244.5 cm (12 9/16 x 96 1/4 in.)",
"dimensions": {
"overall": {
"height": 0.319,
"width": 2.445
}
},
"state_of_the_work": null,
"edition_of_the_work": null,
"copyright": null,
"inscriptions": [
{
"inscription": "\u984c: \u5468\u81e3\u6d41\u6c13\u5716. \u53e4\u5807\u8d99\u9db4\u7434 [\u5370] \u8001\u9db4\u81e8\u6c60; \u9d5d\u6c60\u8ed2",
"inscription_translation": "Title on frontispiece by Zhao Heqin \u8d99\u9db4\u7434 (1895-1971): Zhou Chen Liu Mang Tu [seal] Lao he lin chi; E chi xuan",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u6b63\u5fb7\u4e19\u5b50\u79cb\u4e03\u6708\uff0c\u9592\u7a97\u7121\u4e8b \uff0c\u5076\u8a18\u7d20\u898b\u5e02\u9053\u4e10\u8005\u7a2e\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e58\u7b46\u786f\u4e4b\u4fbf\uff0c\u7387\u723e\u5716\u5beb\u3002\u96d6\u7121\u8db3\u89c0\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a9\u8b66\u52f5\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e91\u3002\n\n\u6771\u90a8\u5468\u81e3\u8a18 [\u5370]\u6771\u90a8; \u821c\u537f; \u9d5d\u5834\u6563\u4eba",
"inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 3 seals, at end of scroll:\n\nIn the autumn season, the seventh month of the year bingzi during the Zhengde reign [1516], I was sitting by the window without much to do. By chance I remembered what I had seen in our city\u2019s streets, the many different sorts of beggars and their appearances. Taking advantage of a ready brush and the inkstone around me, I casually sketched [their appearances]. Even though the results were not worthy, they could still be of some use in alerting people about their presence.\n\nRecorded by Dongcun, Zhou Chen. [seals] Dongcun; Shunqing; E chang san ren.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u5433\u4e2d\u6771\u90a8\u5468\u541b\uff0c\u5584\u4e39\u9752\uff0c\u5c24\u9577\u65bc\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u6b64\u5716\u5176\u6240\u898b\u76db\u5e02\u4e10\u8005\u4e4b\u72c0\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u5404\u76e1\u5176\u614b\uff0c\u89c0\u8005\u7d55\u5012\u3002\u55df\u4e4e\uff0c\u4eca\u4e4b\u665d\u591c\u4e5e\u54c0\u4ee5\u6c42\u5bcc\u8cb4\u8005\uff0c\u5b89\u5f97\u8d77\u5468\u541b\u800c\u8c8c\u4e4b\u8036\u3002\u81e5\u96f2\u5fb5\u541b\u51fa\u793a\uff0c\u4f59\u6f2b\u984c\u5176\u5f8c\u3002\n\n\u7532\u5b50\u6b72\u5341\u6708\u5433\u9580\u9ec3\u59ec\u6c34 [\u5370] \u58eb\u96c5\u5c71\u4eba; \u53e6\u4e00\u5370\u4e0d\u8a73",
"inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1564, and 2 seals of Huang Jishui \u9ec3\u59ec\u6c34 (1509-1574):\n\nMaster Zhou Dongcun [Zhou Chen] of the Wu district was skilled at painting. He was especially skilled at figural subjects. This scroll depicts an assortment of beggars in their differing appearances in a comprehensive manner. Viewers fall completely under the [artist\u2019s] beguiling portrayals. Alas, there are those who night and day seek their fortunes, where could they find another Master Zhou to have their portraits done? The distinguished gentleman Woyun brought out the painting to show me. I casually wrote a few words on it.\n\nThe tenth month of the jiazi year [1564]. [seal] Shi ya shan ren; another seal undecipherable.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u662f\u518a\u51e1\u6578\u7a2e\u3002\u5176\u98e2\u5bd2\u6d41\u96e2\u75b2\u7643\u6b98\u75be\u4e4b\u72c0\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e4b\u7570\u3002\u89c0\u6b64\u800c\u4e0d\u60fb\u7136\u5fc3\u50b7\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u4ec1\u4eba\u4e5f\u3002\u8a08\u6b63\u5fb7\u4e19\u5b50\u9006\u747e\u4e4b\u6d41\u6bd2\u5df2\u6578\u5e74\u3002\u800c[\u6c5f]\u5f6c [\u9322] \u5be7\u8f29\u8086\u8650\u65b9\u71be\u3002\u610f\u5206\u7b26\u5256\u7af9\u8af8\u541b\uff0c\u4ea6\u9bae\u6709\u80fd\u64ab\u5b57\u5176\u6c11\u8005\u3002\u7136\u5247\u821c\u537f\u6b64\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b86\u8207\u912d\u541b \u6d41\u6c11\u5716\u540c\u610f\u3002\u5176\u6709\u88dc\u65bc\u6cbb\u9053\u8005\u4e0d\u6dfa\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u58a8\u6232\u5ffd\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\n\n\u9577\u6d32\u5f35\u98a8\u7ffc\u984c",
"inscription_translation": "1 colophon and 3 seals of Zhang Fengyi \u5f35\u98a8\u7ffc (1527-1613): \n\nThis album(s) contains several sets of figures. They revealed the varied condition of these vagabonds, suffering from hunger, cold, fatigue, sickness, and crippling conditions. Those who view it without feeling sympathy are not men of kind hearts. Considering the year of 1516, it was when the treacherous Liu Jin\u2019s ill-effects lingered on for several more years, and when Jiang Bin and Qian Ning were at their apogee. Even those with power and authority could hardly impart any justice to the populace at large. By this reckoning, could it be that Shunqing [Zhou Chen] painted this along the same idea as Zheng Xia\u2019s Rootless Migrants? [If so], it too could have given assistance to those ruling parties, and should not be merely deemed as worthless inkplay! \n\nInscribed by Zhang Fengyi of Changzhou.",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
},
{
"inscription": "\u6771\u6751\u6b64\u7b46\uff0c\u84cb\u5716\u5beb\u98e2\u5bd2\u4e5e\u4e10\u4e4b\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b66\u4e16\u4fd7\u8033\u3002\u800c\u8cea\u5c71 [\u9ec3\u59ec\u6c34]\u6b32\u5176\u5beb\u660f\u591c\u4e5e\u54c0\uff0c\u800c\u9748\u589f[\u5f35\u9cf3\u7ffc]\u5247\u64ec\u4e4b\u65bc\u5b89\u4e0a\u9580\u5716\u3002\u4e8c\u541b\u4e4b\u898b\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u6709\u6240\u6307\u54c9\u3002\u6614\u5510\u516d\u5982\u6bcf\u898b\u5468\u7b46\uff0c\u8f12\u7a31\u66f0\uff1a\u5468\u5148\u751f\uff01\u84cb\u6df1\u670d\u5176\u795e\u5999\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\u82e5\u6b64\u518a\u8005\uff0c\u4fe1\u975e\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u800c\u6709\u7b26\u65bc\u516d\u5982\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4f0f\u77e3\u3002\u8c48\u6613\u5f97\u8036\u3002\u82e5\u9ec3\u3001\u5f35\u4e4b\u6307\uff0c\u5247\u53c8\u8ad6\u65bc\u756b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5f62\u4f3c\u7b46\u58a8\u4e4b\u65e8\u4e5f\u3002\n\n\u842c\u6b77\u4e01\u4e11\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e09\u65e5 \u8302\u82d1\u6587\u5609",
"inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1577, and 1 seal of Wen Jia \u6587\u5609 (1501-1583): \n\nThis painting by Dongcun [Zhou Chen], which portrays the beggars suffering from cold and hunger, was to alert social consciousness. By contrast, Huang Jishui demanded a further portrayal of those seeking wealth and fortune night and day; whereas Zheng Fengyi compared it to a work presented all the way to the imperial might. These two gentlemen obviously had their own opinions. [However], in the past, when Tang Yin encountered Zhen Chen\u2019s paintings, he [could not help] but exclaim: \u201cAh, Master Zhou!\u201d This was because he truly admired those paintings [by his teacher], which often attained the height of being divine and wondrous, far beyond what he himself could accomplish. As far as this album is [these albums are] concerned, it simply is not possible that any other artist could have done this in the way that caused Tang Yin\u2019s unfaltering admiration. Such an album is [albums are] truly rare! As far as Zhang and Huang are concerned, what they talked about are extrinsic to painting, and lie beyond the aim of brush and ink. \n\nThe third day, twelfth month of dingchou year of Wanli [1577].",
"inscription_remark": null,
"sortorder": null
}
],
"exhibitions": {
"current": [
{
"id": 304723,
"title": "Year in Review (1964)",
"description": "Year in Review (1964). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).",
"opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 309658,
"title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual",
"description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).",
"opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"
},
{
"id": 310042,
"title": "Images of the Mind",
"description": "Images of the Mind. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).",
"opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 211775,
"title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art",
"description": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).",
"opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 226554,
"title": "Human Images",
"description": "Human Images. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (October 23-November 25, 2001).",
"opening_date": "2001-10-23T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 203084,
"title": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen",
"description": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-July 31, 2016).",
"opening_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00"
},
{
"id": 336424,
"title": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c",
"description": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 12, 2019-February 2, 2020).",
"opening_date": "2019-08-12T04:00:00"
},
{
"id": 395234,
"title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta",
"description": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).",
"opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"
}
],
"legacy": [
{
"description": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).",
"opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z"
},
{
"description": "Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).",
"opening_date": "2003-07-23T04:00:00Z"
}
]
},
"provenance": [
{
"description": "\u201cWo Yun \u5367\u96f2\u201d, probably Feng Zil\u00fc \u99ae\u5b50\u5c65 [1539\u20131596]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 1
},
{
"description": "Chen Xin \u9673\u65b0 [life dates unknown]",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 2
},
{
"description": "Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": null,
"sortorder": 3
},
{
"description": "(N. V. Hammer, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "?\u20131964",
"sortorder": 4
},
{
"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH",
"citations": [],
"footnotes": null,
"date": "1964\u2013",
"sortorder": 5
}
],
"find_spot": null,
"related_works": [],
"former_accession_numbers": [],
"did_you_know": "Although Zhou Chen's original composition was an album of 24 figures, today it is mounted as two handscrolls, one in the Cleveland collection and one in the Honolulu Museum of Art.",
"description": "Zhou Chen from Suzhou provides rare depictions of impoverished people that once filled the city\u2019s markets and streets. Despite Suzhou\u2019s prosperity, its rapid growth polarized society, including the wealthy and those who had deserted their farmlands, who were without homes, unemployed, or sick. Amid these are figures who inspire fear rather than empathy. The painting may thus be informed by local practices at the end of the lunar year, in which street beggars, in exchange for food or money, would dress up like ghosts and demons to drive out evil forces.",
"external_resources": {
"wikidata": [
"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469455"
],
"internet_archive": [
"https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.94-beggars-and-street-c"
]
},
"citations": [
{
"citation": "Yang, Xin \u694a\u65b0. \u201cZhou Chen de Qishi tu\u201d \u5468\u81e3\u7684\u4e5e\u98df\u5716 [Zhou Chen\u2019s Beggars] , Meishu yanjiu \u7f8e\u8853\u7814\u7a76, 2, pp. 85\u201388.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 177",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "\u201cAcquisitions of Works of Art by Museums and Galleries: Supplement.\u201d The Burlington Magazine, vol. 107, no. 744, 1965, pp. 159\u2013167.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 162\u2013163, figs. 77\u201379",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/874578"
},
{
"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1964.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 52, no. 6, 1965, pp. 141\u2013166.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152054"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 264",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n288"
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cLiterati and Professionals: Four Ming Painters.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 53, no. 1, 1966, pp. 2\u201325.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 9, 10, fig. 3.",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152081"
},
{
"citation": "Lawton, Thomas. \"Scholar and servants.\" National Palace Museum Bulletin \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662, Vol. 1, no. 5 (Nov. 1966), pp. 8\u201310.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 8 and 10",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 264",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n288"
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Water and the Moon in Chinese and Modern Painting.\" Art international, vol. 14 (1970), no. 1, pp. 47\u201359.",
"page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56, Reproduced: p. 27",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118\u2013136.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 133, 134, figs. 21, 22",
"url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"
},
{
"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 350",
"url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n370"
},
{
"citation": "Cahill, James. Parting at the Shore: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty, 1368-1580. New York: Weatherhill, 1978.",
"page_number": "p. 191",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 160, pp. 194\u2013195",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Siggstedt, Mette. Zhou Chen: The Life and Paintings of a Ming Professional Artist. [Stockholm]: [Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities], 1983.",
"page_number": null,
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Images of the Mind. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139",
"url": ""
},
{
"citation": "Clunas, Craig. Pictures and Visuality in Early Modern China. London: Reaktion Books, 1997.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87, no. 47",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Time-Life Books. What Life Was Like in the Land of the Dragon: Imperial China, AD 960-1368. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1998.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, cat. no. 35",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Murphey, Rhoads. A History of Asia. New York: Longman, 1999.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Thorp, Robert L., and Richard Ellis Vinograd. Chinese Art & Culture. New York: Abrams, 2001.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 311",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Murck, Alfreda. \"Images that Amonish.\" Orientations, vol. 32, number 6 (June 2001), pp. 52\u201357.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53, fig. 2",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Hyu\u0304man ime\u0304ji: wareware wa ningen o dono yo\u0304ni hyo\u0304genshite kita no ka?: tokubetsu tenrankai [\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8 : \u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff1f: \u7279\u5225\u5c55\u89a7\u4f1a = Human images]. Kyoto: Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2001.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, cat. no. 96",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Mair, Victor H., Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, and Paul Rakita Goldin. Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2005.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 99",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 264\u2013269",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Bianchi, Alice. Ghost-Like Beggars in Chinese Painting: The Case of Zhou Chen In: Fant\u00f4mes dans l'Extr\u00eame-Orient d'hier et d'aujourd'hui - Tome 1 [online]. Paris: Presses de l\u2019Inalco, 2017.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: figs. 13, 15, and 17",
"url": "http://books.openedition.org/pressesinalco/1484"
},
{
"citation": "Park, J. P. A New Middle Kingdom: Painting and Cultural Politics in Late Choso\u0306n Korea (1700-1850). Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2018.",
"page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, fig 2.19",
"url": null
},
{
"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.",
"page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 231\u2013233, no. 102",
"url": ""
}
],
"url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.94",
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