id: 142358 accession number: 1966.179 share license status: CC0 url: https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.179 updated: 2024-03-26 01:59:15.679000 Sheet of Studies with a Group of Four Figures to the Right (recto) Sketches of Various Figures (verso), third quarter 1800s. Honoré Daumier (French, 1808–1879). Black chalk and brush and gray wash; sheet: 6.5 x 29.8 cm (2 9/16 x 11 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Fiftieth anniversary gift of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Victor Thaw 1966.179 title: Sheet of Studies with a Group of Four Figures to the Right (recto) Sketches of Various Figures (verso) title in original language: series: series in original language: creation date: third quarter 1800s creation date earliest: 1850 creation date latest: 1879 current location: creditline: Fiftieth anniversary gift of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Victor Thaw copyright: --- culture: France, 19th century technique: black chalk and brush and gray wash department: Drawings collection: DR - French type: Drawing find spot: catalogue raisonne: --- CREATORS * Honoré Daumier (French, 1808–1879) - artist Honoré Daumier was eight years old when his father, a glazier and frame maker who had decided to pursue his poetic talents in Paris, sent for the wife and three sons he lad left behind in Marseilles. In Paris Daumier studied drawing with Alexandre Lenoir (1761-1839) and at the Académie Suisse. Around 1825 he began a five-year apprenticeship with the publisher and lithographer Zépherin Belliard (1798-?). The July revolution of 1830, which established Louis-Philippe as the constitutional monarch in France, coincided with Daumier's creation of satirical lithographs aimed at this new government. That same year he joined La Caricature, a political journal founded by the republican artist-publisher, Charles Philipon (1802-1862). Daumier's antimonarchist and liberal subjects that were printed in this paper eventually cost the journal censorship and the artist six months in jail (31 August 1832 to 14 February 1833) plus a 300-franc fine. His prison sentence did not deter him from producing political statements and, in fact, only fueled his rage. The subjects of his lithographs became much more aggressive. In 1835 he worked for Philipon's second publication, Le Charivari, a humorous political newspaper that published Daumier's satirical caricature until it, too, suffered censorship under the new government. Although Daumier may be best known for his graphic art, he was also a sculptor and a prolific painter. Sculpture became another medium to produce his infamous caricatures. His friend, Honoré de Balzac, French novelist and editor of La Caricature, saw in these works the force of Michelangelo. In 1834 Daumier began experimenting with painting, both in oil and watercolor. Apart from his Salon entries of 1849 and 1850, his paintings, which totaled over three hundred, were painted primarily for his own pleasure and virtually unknown to the public until after his death in 1879. --- measurements: Sheet: 6.5 x 29.8 cm (2 9/16 x 11 3/4 in.) state of the work: edition of the work: support materials: inscriptions: inscription: ON A SEPERATELY APPLIED PIECE OF PAPER, upper left, in gray ink: [illegible, cropped] ; ON A SEPERATELY APPLIED PIECE OF PAPER, upper right, in gray ink: co[cropped] translation: remark: --- CURRENT EXHIBITIONS title: Rococo, Revolution, Restoration opening date: 1989-07-11T04:00:00 Rococo, Revolution, Restoration. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989). title: Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure opening date: 1991-11-05T05:00:00 Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992). title: French Drawings from the Collection opening date: 1994-12-13T05:00:00 French Drawings from the Collection. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995). --- LEGACY EXHIBITIONS --- PROVENANCE all according to Maison 1968, vol. 2, p. 260, cat. no. 797: Roger Marx, Paris (Lugt 2229, not stamped); by decent to his son Claude Roger-Marx, Paris (Lugt Suppl. 1800b, not stamped). [Carstairs]. Richard S. Davis, Minneapolis (not stamped, not in Lugt). [New Gallery]. E. Powis Jones, New York (not stamped, not in Lugt). date: footnotes: citations: --- fun fact: digital description: wall description: --- RELATED WORKS --- CITATIONS --- IMAGES web: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.179/1966.179_web.jpg print: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.179/1966.179_print.jpg full: https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.179/1966.179_full.tif